ある

The 連(れん)体(たい)形(けい) (rentaikei, “adnominal form”) of the classical verb 有(あ)り (ari, “to exist”).

ja-r

ある政治家がそう言った。


その

⟨so₂ no₂⟩ → */sənə/ → /sono/
From Old Japanese そ, distal demonstrative root, with の (no) added to form the ordinary adnominal form 'that', as in 'that word', as opposed to the pronoun それ (sore).

私が読みたいのは、その本です。

Watashi ga yomitai no wa, sono hon desu.

(deictically) that ... near you (near the addressee)

(anaphorically) the ... we are talking about.

そのお姉さん

日本映画論その三

used in a title and before a number to indicate that number of part, chapter, volume, episode, or installment; compare suffixes 編 (-hen), 話 (-wa), 巻 (-kan), 集 (-shū), 章 (-shō), 上 (jō), 中 (chū) and 下 (ge)


あの

Originally a compound of あ (a, distal pronominal marker) + の (no, genitive particle).

com

あの車は緑です。

(deictically) that ... over there (far from the speaker and the addressee)

(anaphorically) that ... we both know (both the speaker and the addressee know)


この

Originally a compound of Old Japanese elements こ (ko, “this”, pronoun) + の (no, possessive, modifies following noun). こ as a pronoun is no longer used individually in modern Japanese.

compound

この車は緑です。

(deictically) this ... (near the speaker)

(anaphorically) this ... I am talking about (only the speaker knows)

この馬鹿！

このボケ！

used before words for insults to add emphasis; compare Chinese 這／这 (zhè, “this”) and Vietnamese này (“this”)

2003 September 22, Akinobu Uraku, “第60話 少女の決意 (Dai Rokujū Wa: Shōjo no Ketsui) [Chapter 60: A Girl’s Resolve]”, in 東京アンダーグラウンド (Tōkyō Andāguraundo) [Tokyo Underground], volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, →ISBN, pages 30–31:

This is the flame that helped put me, Seki, at the top of the Supei!!! Garyū Sōrenshō

これがこの赤を師兵の頂点たらしめる炎だッ!!!我龍双煉掌

Kore ga kono Seki o Sūpei no chōten tarashimeru honō da'!!! Garyū Sōrenshō

I, me: used before one's own name to refer to oneself arrogantly


明

明 (canonical)
myō (romanization)
myau (romanization)
みやう (hiragana historical)

/mʲau/ → /mʲɔː/ → /mʲoː/
From Middle Chinese 明 (MC mjaeng).
The Buddhist senses are a translation of Sanskrit विद्या (vidyā, “knowledge, wisdom”).


さる

The 連体形(れんたいけい) (rentaikei, “adnominal form”) of 然(さ)り (sari, “to be so”), a shift from earlier 然 (sa, “so; like that”) + あり (ari, “to be”).


あん

あん時


どの

どの車がいいか？

which .. ? (interrogative demonstrative); what .. ? (one out of the available choices)


小さな

ja-pos

小(ちい)さな • (chīsana) ^(←ちひさな (tifisana)?)

小さな (canonical)
chīsana (romanization)
tifisana (romanization)
ちひさな (hiragana historical)

Appears starting from the Muromachi period. Derived as the -na adjective construction of -i adjective 小(ちい)さい (chīsai, “small, little”). See that entry for further details.

小さな本屋

小さな被害で済む

small, minor (of extent, scale or importance)

小さな時からの友人


ふとした

[ɸɯ̟̊to̞ɕi̥ta̠]


所謂

所謂(いわゆる) • (iwayuru) ^(←いはゆる (ifayuru)?)

所謂 (canonical)
iwayuru (romanization)
ifayuru (romanization)
いはゆる (hiragana historical)

[iβ̞a̠jɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

/ipa yu ru/ → /ifayuru/ → /iwayuru/
Originally a compound of Old Japanese 言は (ipa), the 未然形 (mizenkei, imperfective form) of the verb 言ふ (ipu), modern 言う (iu, “to say”) iwa + ゆ (-yu, passive suffix) + る (-ru, attributive suffix).
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), borrowed from Chinese 所謂／所谓 (suǒwèi).

彼女は所謂天才だ

所謂天才 いわゆるてんさい


彼の

See 彼 (kare), の (no) for more detail.


おおきな

ōkina (romanization)
ofokina (romanization)
おほきな (hiragana historical)

/opoki/ → /oɸoki/ → /oɸoki na/ → /owoki na/ → /oːki na/
Appears starting from the Muromachi period. Derived as the -na adjective construction of -i adjective 大きい (ōkii, “big, great”). See that entry for further details.


とんだ

outrageous, terrible (bad to a surprising or unexpected degree)


ありとあらゆる

[a̠ɾʲi to̞ a̠ɾa̠jɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

ありとあらゆる苦難をくぐり抜けてきた。

Ari to arayuru konnan o kugurinukete kita.

We have survived every possible difficulty.

1952, 久生十蘭, うすゆき抄, 青空文庫:

この一対の男女の上に、両親の反対や、政治的な策謀や、行きすぎた友情や、偽りの恋や、ありとあらゆる妨害が山と積みかさなる。

Kono ittsui no danjo no ue ni, ryōshin no hantai ya, seijiteki na sakubō ya, ikisugita yūjō ya, itsuwari no koi ya, ari to arayuru bōgai ga yama to tsumikasanaru.

All sorts of obstructions, such as their parents' disapproval, political schemes, a friendship gone too far, and a feigned love, pile up on this one couple like a mountain.


がちがち

がちがち (canonical)
ガチガチ (canonical)
gachigachi (romanization)

ガチガチに緊張している。

ガチガチの縦社会


明くる

明くる日


さらなる

sara naru (romanization)
saranaru (romanization)
さらなる (hiragana historical)

[sa̠ɾa̠na̠ɾɯ̟]


大した

Compound of 大 (tai, “big”) + した (shita, “did, done”), the perfective of する (suru, “to do”), used here to indicate a state as opposed to an action.

compound

富士山は大した山だよ。

こんなのは、大した事ではない。


我が

Originally a compound of 我 (wa, “I, me”, archaic) + が (ga, particle). Now fossilized into a single term. Note that が in modern Japanese is used as the nominative or subject particle; in ancient Japanese, it was used as a possessive particle between two nouns, a usage still seen in some limited phrases, particularly in place names.

我が妻

2014 November 7, “黄金(おうごん)のたてがみのジャザル (Ōgon no Tategami no Jazaru, “Jazal Goldmane”)”, in 統率者 [Commander], Wizards of the Coast:

As my king, he is the source of my courage. As my elder brother, he is the embodiment of my aspirations.

我が王として、あの方は私の勇気の源泉である。我が兄として、あの方は私の願望を体現する者である。

Waga ō to shite, ano kata wa watashi no yūki no gensen de aru. Waga ani to shite, ano kata wa watashi no ganbō o taigen suru mono de aru.

我が国


於ける

置(お)け (oke, 已(い)然形(ぜんけい) (izenkei, “realis form”) of verb 置(お)く (oku, “to put, to place”)) + る (ru, adnominal conjugation of verbal auxiliary suffix り (ri) indicating resulting state or completion of action)


確たる

[ka̠kɯ̟ta̠ɾɯ̟]


大それた

大それた (canonical)
daisoreta (romanization)


こうした

もちろん、こうした希望の時期には危険が付き物であろう。

Mochiron, kōshita kibō no jiki ni wa kiken ga tsukimono de arō.

Yes, there will be perils that accompany this moment of promise.


あらゆる

[a̠ɾa̠jɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

From Old Japanese arayuru, the attributive form of the passive form of ar- “to be, to exist”. Note that the passive marker -(a)ye- (attributive form -(a)yuru) ceased to be used in Early Middle Japanese except in fossilized expressions such as あらゆる (arayuru) and いはゆる (ifayuru) and in kanbun.

あらゆる方法を試してみた


単なる

単なる言葉遊びに過ぎない


最たる

その最たる例がリビアである。


ありふれた

ja-pos

ありふれた • (arifureta) ^(←ありふれた (arifureta)?)

arifureta (romanization)
ありふれた (hiragana historical)

The perfective form of verb ありふれる (arifureru, “to become common”).


荒ぶる

[a̠ɾa̠bɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

Adnominal of classical 荒(あら)ぶ (arabu) (expected modern form is *荒(あら)びる (arabiru)).


本の

ほんの少し


千早振る

千早振る (canonical)
chihayaburu (romanization)

[t͡ɕiha̠ja̠bɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

From Old Japanese.
The 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of classical verb 千早ぶ (chihayabu, “to move or act ferociously, with terrible godly power”).

from the sense of “ferocious, violent, raging” used in reference to a specific 氏 (uji, “family, clan”), then punning off the “clan” reading of uji

allusion to 宇治 (Uji, a placename, especially of a river crossing)

from the sense of “ferocious, impassionate, mighty” used in reference to various kami

allusion to various 神 (kami, “Shinto deities”) or words beginning with kami

by extension from the “ferocious, mighty” sense in reference to the awesome power of kami, punning off the synonym 稜威 (itsu, “awesome power”) to refer to Izu

allusion to terms related to kami such as 斎垣 (igaki, “fence enclosing a shrine”), 天の岩戸 (ama no iwato, cave where Amaterasu retreated), 玉の簾 (tama no sudare, “jeweled bamboo screen”), etc.

allusion to famous Shinto shrines such as 賀茂 (Kamo), 平野 (Hirano), 三上山 (Mikamiyama), 香椎の宮 (Kashii no miya), 布留 (Furu), 斎宮 (Itsuki no miya), etc.


どういう

dō iu (romanization)
douifu (romanization)
どういふ (hiragana historical)

どういうこと？


そういう

sō iu (romanization)
sauifu (romanization)
さういふ (hiragana historical)

違う、違う、そういうことじゃないって！

I'm telling you, that's not what I mean!


こういう

kō iu (romanization)
kauifu (romanization)
かういふ (hiragana historical)

こういうの好き。


ああいう

ああいう (canonical)
あゝいう (canonical)
ā iu (romanization)
aaifu (romanization)
ああいふ (hiragana historical)

ああいうのやめてください。

Could you please stop doing that sort of thing?


斯かる

Contraction of 斯く (kaku, “this, in this way”) + ある (aru, “(prenominal) to be, to exist”)
Compare 然(さ)る (saru), 然(しか)る (shikaru).

compound

2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:

斯かる行為は許されない


可笑しな

ja-pos

可笑(おか)しな • (okashi na) ^(←をかしな (wokasina)?)

可笑しな (canonical)
okashi na (romanization)
wokasina (romanization)
をかしな (hiragana historical)

The spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓). See 可笑(おか)しい (okashii).


茜さす

茜さす (canonical)
akane sasu (romanization)

From Old Japanese.
Derived from 茜 (akane, “madder (dye) → red”) + 差す (sasu, “to illuminate, shine”).
First cited in the Man'yōshū of roughly 759 CE.

com

shining brilliantly, allusion to 昼 (hiru, “daytime”), 光 (hikari, “light”), 朝日 (asahi, “morning sun”), etc.

puns to 蘇芳 (suō, “sappanwood red”) in reference to Suō

glowing sappanwood red, allusion to 周防 (Suō, a placename, especially Suō Province)


八雲立つ

八雲立つ (canonical)
ya kumo tatsu (romanization)

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki, the oldest extant historical record of ancient Japan, completed in 712 CE.
Derived from 八 (ya, “eight → many”) + 雲 (kumo, “cloud”) + 立つ (tatsu, “to rise, stand”).

many clouds rising, an allusion to 出雲 (Izumo, a placename, especially Izumo Province)


きこゆる

[kʲiko̞jɯ̟ɾɯ̟]


そらにみつ

空に満つ: sky-filling or spreading, allusion to 大和 (Yamato, a placename, especially Yamato Province)


空に満つ

空に満つ (canonical)
sora ni mitsu (romanization)

そらにみつ大和島根にふたつなき宝となれる富士の柴山
sora ni mitsu Yamato Shimane ni futatsu naki takara to nareru Fuji no shibayama

Fuji's Shibayama, a unique treasure in sky-filled Yamato and Shimane.

allusion to 大和 (Yamato, a placename, especially Yamato Province)


茜さし

茜さし (canonical)
akane sashi (romanization)

From Old Japanese.
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of pillow word 茜さす (akane sasu), equivalent to 茜 (akane, “madder (dye) → red”) + 差し (sashi, “shining, tinging”).

shining madder red, alludes to 照る (teru, “to shine”)


あられふり

霰降り: from the かしまし (kashimashi) sound of falling hail, alludes to 鹿島 (Kashima, a place name); from the きしきし (kishikishi) sound of falling hail, alludes to きしみ (Kishimi, a place name, probably Kyushu dialectal form of 杵島 (Kishima)); from the かしまし (tohotoho → tōtō) sound of falling hail, alludes to 遠江 (Tō-tsu-Ōmi → Tōtōmi)


古き良き

古き良き (canonical)
furuki yoki (romanization)

From 古(ふる)き (furuki, “old”, adnominal form of classical Japanese 古(ふる)し (furushi, “old”, adjective)) + 良(よ)き (yoki, “good”, adnominal form of classical Japanese 良(よ)し (yoshi, “good”, adjective)).
Probably a calque of English good old.


前記

[d͡zẽ̞ŋʲkʲi]

前記の小説家


一通り

一通りの知識

一通りの教育


かの

Originally a compound of か (ka, “he, she, it”, third-person pronoun) + の (no, genitive particle).

compound

Refers to someone or something not previously mentioned in context, but known to both speaker and listener.

that [one] (distant from both speaker and listener)

彼の世

the other world, the next world, the world of the dead


青丹よし

ja-pos

青(あお)丹(に)よし • (aoni yoshi) ^(←あをによし (awonyosi)?)

青丹よし (canonical)
aoni yoshi (romanization)
awonyosi (romanization)
あをによし (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese 靑丹よし (awoni yo₂si).
Literally “blue-green + (red) earth + [exclamatory particle] + [strengthening particle]”.

青丹よし奈良の都の黒木もて造れる宿はをれどあかぬかも

aoni yoshi Nara no miyako no kuroki mote tsukureru yado wa oredo akanu ka mo

この世をば仮ともいはむあをによしならはぬ身にはそれもそふなど

c. 1128, Sanboku Kikashū (book 9, poem 1499)

kono yo o ba kari to mo iwan aoni yoshi narawanu mi ni wa sore mo sōnado

allusion to verb ならふ (narafu → narau, “to follow, imitate”), punning the aforementioned placename


切なる

切なる (canonical)
setsunaru (romanization)

切なる願い


ともなく

Compound of と + も + なく (“the 連用形(れんようけい) (ren'yōkei, “stem of continuative form”) of ない (nai)”)

com

どこからともなく現れる

(someone or something) appearing from nowhere

somehow, without knowing (it), unconsciously, unthinkingly


素知らぬ

素知らぬ (canonical)
soshiranu (romanization)

Compound of 素 + 知らぬ.
The 素(そ) (so) could be from the pronoun 其(そ) (so) or short for 空(そら) (sora)

素知らぬふりを装う


パンパン

パンパン (canonical)
ぱんぱん (canonical)
panpan (romanization)

The adverb, attested from the 19th century, is onomatopoeic. The related adnominal is attested from the 20th century.

食べ過ぎた。お腹がパンパンだ。

I ate too much. My stomach is about to burst.


素晴らしき

素晴らしき (canonical)
subarashiki (romanization)

Originally derived from 窄(すば)る (subaru, “to shrink, to get smaller”, archaic) + しき (shiki, historically attributive form of しい). Compare the adjective 素晴らしい, and the verbs 窄まる (subomaru), 窄める (subomeru). The kanji spelling is an example of ateji (当て字).

ja-compound

historically attributive form of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">しい</i>

「三諸山(みもろやま)」は即(すなわ)ち「守山(もるやま)」なり、実(じつ)に素晴(すばら)しき大宣言(おおせんげん)にはあらずや。

2000, Kaneaki Hayashi, “第七章(だいしちしょう)　奉斎的(ほうさいてき)表現(ひょうげん) [Chapter 7: Expressions of devotion]”, in 神(かみ)に関(かん)する古語(こご)の研究(けんきゅう) [A study on old language regarding the gods], Fuzanbō International, →ISBN, page 263:

"Mimoroyama", namely "Moruyama", is indeed a wonderful declaration.

"Mimoroyama" wa sunawachi "Moruyama" nari, jitsu ni subarashiki ōsengen ni wa arazu ya.

あーもう本当(ほんとう)になんて素晴(すば)らしき世界(せかい)んで、今日(きょう)もまた己(おのれ)の醜悪(しゅうあく)さに惑(まど)う

2021 February 14, “ギラギラ [Blindingly]”, teniwoha (lyrics)performed by Ado:

Oh, what a wonderful world, yet I'm lost in my own repulsiveness today as well

ā mō hontō ni nante subarashiki sekai nde, kyō mo mata onore no shūakusa ni madou


滾々

滾々 (canonical)
滾々 (canonical)
konkon (romanization)

泉に滾々と水が尽きない

inexhaustible water flowing copiously from a spring

(of fluids) copiously flowing; actively and continuously flowing

(figurative, by extension) inexhaustible; continuous

jumbled, thoroughly and irretrievably mixed; disordered; in a chaotic state


親愛なる

親愛なる (canonical)
shin'ai naru (romanization)

dear, used as a formal greeting in letters


大の

大の大人


どゆ

(colloquial) Contraction of どういう (dō iu).


そゆ

(colloquial) Contraction of そういう (sō iu).


ちっちゃな

Sound shift from 小(ちい)さな (chīsana).
Also analyzable as the adnominal -na alternative form of ちっちゃい (chitchai).
First attested in 1926.

(childish) Alternative form of 小さな (chīsana, “small; little”)


ほんの

ほんのすこし


いかなる

ikanaru (romanization)
いかなる (hiragana historical)

Fossilization of the prenominal form of classical いかなり (ikanari)(modern form 如何(いか) (ika)).

いかなる結果にも責任を負いません。

We will not bear consequences for whatever results.


いとしの

itoshi no (romanization)
itosino (romanization)
いとしの (hiragana historical)


つづいての

ja-pos

つづいての • (tsuzuite no) ^(←つづいての (tuduiteno)?)

tsuzuite no (romanization)
tuduiteno (romanization)
つづいての (hiragana historical)

続いてのニュースです。

続いてのゲストは○○。


どぎゃん

1931, Fumiko Hayashi, Fūkin to sakana no machi:

「どぎゃん虫かなア」


こぎゃん

「あいつども、火ば放けよったけん、こぎゃんこつばしとると、焼け死んでしまうたい」

“Aitsu domo, hi ba tsukeyotta ken, kogyan kotsu ba shitoru to, yakeshindeshimau tai”


主たる

Fossilization of 主(しゅ) (shu) + たる (taru, prenominal of the archaic copular たり (tari)).


当の

当の (canonical)
tō no (romanization)
tauno (romanization)
たうの (hiragana historical)

デザインした当の本人


得意気

Of 得意 (tokui, “triumph; strength”) + 気 (-ge, “-like, -ish”).

suffix

1989, Sakaiya Taichi, Oni to hito to: Nobunaga to Mitsuhide [Demon and man: Nobunaga and Mitsuhide]:

Furthermore, they had surrounded the entire mountain with soldiers leaving no gap through which to escape, and forced everyone present up to the mountain gate regardless of age or social class, piled straw in every cloister and chapel and set it all on fire, he proudly declaimed.

しかも、全山を軍兵に取り囲ませて逃げる隙間も与えず、居合わせた者を老若上下の別なく山門に追い上げ、回廊堂塔ことごとくに藁を積んで火を放ったと、得意気に語られた。

Shikamo, zenzan o gunhei ni tori kakomasete nigeru sukima mo ataezu, iawaseta mono o rōnyaku jōge no betsunaku sanmon ni oiage, kairō dōtō kotogotoku ni wara o tsunde hi o hanatta to, tokuige ni katarareta.

proud, proudly, boastful, with an air of satisfaction


おっきな

(regional) Alternative form of おおきな (ōkina)


にえきらない

ja-pos

にえきらない • (niekiranai) ^(←にえきらない (niekiranai)?)

niekiranai (romanization)
にえきらない (hiragana historical)


あるまじき

ある (aru, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 有り (ari), the classical form of modern verb 有る (aru, “to exist, to have”).) + まじき (majiki, 連体形(れんたいけい) (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of the irregular verb まじ (maji, “must not”).)

com

社会人としてあるまじき発言

a comment that a working adult should not make


長の

Compound of 長(なが) (naga, “long time”) + の (no, genitive case particle).

ja-com

長の道中


着の身着のまま

ja-pos

き の み き の まま

着(き)の身(み)着(き)のまま • (ki no mi ki no mama)

着の身着のまま (canonical)
ki no mi ki no mama (romanization)

Literally, “body in clothes, remaining in clothes”.

lit

clothes on one's back
clothes on one's back