See 鍛える in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "鍛える",
"ruby": [
[
"鍛",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛え",
"roman": "kitae",
"ruby": [
[
"鍛",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えた",
"roman": "kitaeta",
"ruby": [
[
"鍛",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitae",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きたえる",
"tr": "transitive",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "鍛(きた)える • (kitaeru) transitive ichidan (stem 鍛(きた)え (kitae), past 鍛(きた)えた (kitaeta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Metallurgy",
"orig": "ja:Metallurgy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to forge, to train"
],
"id": "en-鍛える-ja-verb-hgms90Ix",
"links": [
[
"forge",
"forge"
],
[
"train",
"train"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きたえる"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲi̥ta̠e̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "鍛える"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "鍛える",
"ruby": [
[
"鍛",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛え",
"roman": "kitae",
"ruby": [
[
"鍛",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えた",
"roman": "kitaeta",
"ruby": [
[
"鍛",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitae",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛えれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "きたえれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きたえる",
"tr": "transitive",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "鍛(きた)える • (kitaeru) transitive ichidan (stem 鍛(きた)え (kitae), past 鍛(きた)えた (kitaeta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese ichidan verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese shimo ichidan verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Metallurgy"
],
"glosses": [
"to forge, to train"
],
"links": [
[
"forge",
"forge"
],
[
"train",
"train"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きたえる"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲi̥ta̠e̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "鍛える"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 鍛える meaning in Japanese (6.1kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"鍛える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "鍛える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"鍛える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "鍛える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"鍛える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "鍛える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"鍛える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "鍛える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"鍛える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "鍛える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"鍛える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "鍛える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"鍛える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "鍛える",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.