See 衰える in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "衰ふ",
"2": "おとろふ"
},
"expansion": "衰(おとろ)ふ (otorofu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "未然形",
"2": "みぜんけい",
"3": "irrealis form"
},
"expansion": "未然形(みぜんけい) (mizenkei, “irrealis form”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "劣る",
"2": "おとる",
"3": "to be inferior to"
},
"expansion": "劣(おと)る (otoru, “to be inferior to”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "劣ろ",
"2": "おとろ",
"3": "-ふ",
"pos1": "the 未然形(みぜんけい) (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">mizenkei</span>, “irrealis form”) of 劣(おと)る (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">otoru</span>, “to be inferior to”)",
"pos2": "an auxiliary verb expressing repetition or ongoing state"
},
"expansion": "劣(おと)ろ (otoro, the 未然形(みぜんけい) (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 劣(おと)る (otoru, “to be inferior to”)) + ふ (-fu, an auxiliary verb expressing repetition or ongoing state)",
"name": "ja-com"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Classical Japanese 衰(おとろ)ふ (otorofu), itself a combination of 劣(おと)ろ (otoro, the 未然形(みぜんけい) (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 劣(おと)る (otoru, “to be inferior to”)) + ふ (-fu, an auxiliary verb expressing repetition or ongoing state)\n.\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru. For the Old / Classical form, see the 衰ふ entry.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "衰える",
"ruby": [
[
"衰",
"おとろ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroferu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "衰え",
"roman": "otoroe",
"ruby": [
[
"衰",
"おとろ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えた",
"roman": "otoroeta",
"ruby": [
[
"衰",
"おとろ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "衰え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "衰える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "おとろえる",
"hist": "おとろへる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "衰(おとろ)える • (otoroeru) ^(←おとろへる (otoroferu)?)intransitive ichidan (stem 衰(おとろ)え (otoroe), past 衰(おとろ)えた (otoroeta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms suffixed with ふ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
10,
18
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
19
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"english": "Willpower declined",
"ref": "2007, 新時代日漢辭典 /新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局 /大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:",
"roman": "kiryoku ga otoroeta",
"ruby": [
[
"気力",
"きりょく"
],
[
"衰",
"おとろ"
]
],
"text": "気力が衰えた",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weaken, waste away, decline, fade"
],
"id": "en-衰える-ja-verb-nOMSF6oo",
"links": [
[
"weaken",
"weaken"
],
[
"waste away",
"waste away"
],
[
"decline",
"decline"
],
[
"fade",
"fade"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "おとろえる"
},
{
"other": "おとろえる"
},
{
"ipa": "[o̞to̞ɾo̞e̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "衰える"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "衰ふ",
"2": "おとろふ"
},
"expansion": "衰(おとろ)ふ (otorofu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "未然形",
"2": "みぜんけい",
"3": "irrealis form"
},
"expansion": "未然形(みぜんけい) (mizenkei, “irrealis form”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "劣る",
"2": "おとる",
"3": "to be inferior to"
},
"expansion": "劣(おと)る (otoru, “to be inferior to”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "劣ろ",
"2": "おとろ",
"3": "-ふ",
"pos1": "the 未然形(みぜんけい) (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">mizenkei</span>, “irrealis form”) of 劣(おと)る (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">otoru</span>, “to be inferior to”)",
"pos2": "an auxiliary verb expressing repetition or ongoing state"
},
"expansion": "劣(おと)ろ (otoro, the 未然形(みぜんけい) (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 劣(おと)る (otoru, “to be inferior to”)) + ふ (-fu, an auxiliary verb expressing repetition or ongoing state)",
"name": "ja-com"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Classical Japanese 衰(おとろ)ふ (otorofu), itself a combination of 劣(おと)ろ (otoro, the 未然形(みぜんけい) (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 劣(おと)る (otoru, “to be inferior to”)) + ふ (-fu, an auxiliary verb expressing repetition or ongoing state)\n.\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru. For the Old / Classical form, see the 衰ふ entry.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "衰える",
"ruby": [
[
"衰",
"おとろ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroferu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "衰え",
"roman": "otoroe",
"ruby": [
[
"衰",
"おとろ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えた",
"roman": "otoroeta",
"ruby": [
[
"衰",
"おとろ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "衰え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "衰える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "衰えれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "おとろえれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "otoroereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "おとろえる",
"hist": "おとろへる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "衰(おとろ)える • (otoroeru) ^(←おとろへる (otoroferu)?)intransitive ichidan (stem 衰(おとろ)え (otoroe), past 衰(おとろ)えた (otoroeta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese ichidan verbs",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese shimo ichidan verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms suffixed with ふ",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
10,
18
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
19
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"english": "Willpower declined",
"ref": "2007, 新時代日漢辭典 /新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局 /大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:",
"roman": "kiryoku ga otoroeta",
"ruby": [
[
"気力",
"きりょく"
],
[
"衰",
"おとろ"
]
],
"text": "気力が衰えた",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weaken, waste away, decline, fade"
],
"links": [
[
"weaken",
"weaken"
],
[
"waste away",
"waste away"
],
[
"decline",
"decline"
],
[
"fade",
"fade"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "おとろえる"
},
{
"other": "おとろえる"
},
{
"ipa": "[o̞to̞ɾo̞e̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "衰える"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 衰える meaning in Japanese (8.5kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"衰える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "衰える",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"衰える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "衰える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"衰える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "衰える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"衰える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "衰える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"衰える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "衰える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"衰える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "衰える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"衰える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "衰える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"衰える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "衰える",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.