"懐古" meaning in Japanese

See 懐古 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ka̠iko̞] Forms: 懐古 [canonical] (ruby: (かい), ()), kaiko [romanization]
Head templates: {{ja-noun|かいこ}} 懐(かい)古(こ) • (kaiko)
  1. retrospection
    Sense id: en-懐古-ja-noun-puNApKbi Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 2 kanji, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 91 9 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 89 11 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 90 10 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 2 kanji: 60 40 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 90 10 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 87 13 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 90 10

Verb

IPA: [ka̠iko̞]
Forms: 懐古する [canonical] (ruby: (かい), ()), kaiko suru [romanization], 懐古し [stem] (ruby: (かい), ()), 懐古した [past] (ruby: (かい), ()), no-table-tags [table-tags], 懐古し [error-unrecognized-form], かいこし [error-unrecognized-form], kaiko shi [error-unrecognized-form], 懐古する [error-unrecognized-form], かいこする [error-unrecognized-form], kaiko suru [error-unrecognized-form], 懐古すれ [error-unrecognized-form], かいこすれ [error-unrecognized-form], kaiko sure [error-unrecognized-form], 懐古せよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 懐古しろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], かいこせよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], かいこしろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], kaiko seyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], kaiko shiro [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 懐古される [passive], かいこされる [passive], kaiko sareru [passive], 懐古させる [causative], 懐古さす [causative], かいこさせる [causative], かいこさす [causative], kaiko saseru [causative], kaiko sasu [causative], 懐古できる [potential], かいこできる [potential], kaiko dekiru [potential], 懐古しよう [volitional], かいこしよう [volitional], kaiko shiyō [volitional], 懐古しない [negative], かいこしない [negative], kaiko shinai [negative], 懐古せず [continuative, negative], かいこせず [continuative, negative], kaiko sezu [continuative, negative], 懐古します [formal], かいこします [formal], kaiko shimasu [formal], 懐古した [perfective], かいこした [perfective], kaiko shita [perfective], 懐古して [conjunctive], かいこして [conjunctive], kaiko shite [conjunctive], 懐古すれば [conditional, hypothetical], かいこすれば [conditional, hypothetical], kaiko sureba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. recollect the past
    Sense id: en-懐古-ja-verb-cU7IWo7C
{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "懐古",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "懐",
          "かい"
        ],
        [
          "古",
          "こ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かいこ"
      },
      "expansion": "懐(かい)古(こ) • (kaiko)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "91 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "89 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "90 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "60 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "90 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "87 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "90 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "retrospection"
      ],
      "id": "en-懐古-ja-noun-puNApKbi",
      "links": [
        [
          "retrospection",
          "retrospection"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "かいこ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ka̠iko̞]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "懐古"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "懐古する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "懐",
          "かい"
        ],
        [
          "古",
          "こ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古し",
      "roman": "kaiko shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "懐",
          "かい"
        ],
        [
          "古",
          "こ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古した",
      "roman": "kaiko shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "懐",
          "かい"
        ],
        [
          "古",
          "こ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "recollect the past"
      ],
      "id": "en-懐古-ja-verb-cU7IWo7C",
      "links": [
        [
          "recollect",
          "recollect"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "かいこ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ka̠iko̞]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "懐古"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese intransitive verbs",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "懐古",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "懐",
          "かい"
        ],
        [
          "古",
          "こ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かいこ"
      },
      "expansion": "懐(かい)古(こ) • (kaiko)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "retrospection"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "retrospection",
          "retrospection"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "かいこ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ka̠iko̞]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "懐古"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese intransitive verbs",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "懐古する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "懐",
          "かい"
        ],
        [
          "古",
          "こ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古し",
      "roman": "kaiko shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "懐",
          "かい"
        ],
        [
          "古",
          "こ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古した",
      "roman": "kaiko shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "懐",
          "かい"
        ],
        [
          "古",
          "こ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "懐古すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かいこすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaiko sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "recollect the past"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "recollect",
          "recollect"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "かいこ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ka̠iko̞]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "懐古"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 懐古 meaning in Japanese (6.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "懐古"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "懐古",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "懐古"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "懐古",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "懐古"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "懐古",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "懐古"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "懐古",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "懐古"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "懐古",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "懐古"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "懐古",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "懐古"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "懐古",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.