"怯える" meaning in Japanese

See 怯える in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [o̞bʲie̞ɾɯ̟]
Etymology: Compare 脅(おびや)かす (obiyakasu, “to frighten”). Etymology templates: {{ja-r|脅かす|おびやかす|to frighten}} 脅(おびや)かす (obiyakasu, “to frighten”) Head templates: {{ja-verb|おびえる|tr=intrans|type=2}} 怯(おび)える • (obieru) intransitive ichidan (stem 怯(おび)え (obie), past 怯(おび)えた (obieta)) Forms: 怯える [canonical] (ruby: 怯(おび)), obieru [romanization], 怯え [stem] (ruby: 怯(おび)), 怯えた [past] (ruby: 怯(おび)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 怯え [error-unrecognized-form], おびえ [error-unrecognized-form], obie [error-unrecognized-form], 怯える [error-unrecognized-form], おびえる [error-unrecognized-form], obieru [error-unrecognized-form], 怯えれ [error-unrecognized-form], おびえれ [error-unrecognized-form], obiere [error-unrecognized-form], 怯えよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 怯えろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], おびえよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], おびえろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], obieyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], obiero [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 怯えられる [passive], おびえられる [passive], obierareru [passive], 怯えさせる [causative], 怯えさす [causative], おびえさせる [causative], おびえさす [causative], obiesaseru [causative], obiesasu [causative], 怯えられる [potential], 怯えれる [colloquial, potential], おびえられる [potential], おびえれる [colloquial, potential], obierareru [potential], obiereru [colloquial, potential], 怯えよう [volitional], おびえよう [volitional], obieyō [volitional], 怯えない [negative], 怯えぬ [negative], 怯えん [negative], おびえない [negative], おびえぬ [negative], おびえん [negative], obienai [negative], obienu [negative], obien [negative], 怯えず [continuative, negative], おびえず [continuative, negative], obiezu [continuative, negative], 怯えます [formal], おびえます [formal], obiemasu [formal], 怯えた [perfective], おびえた [perfective], obieta [perfective], 怯えて [conjunctive], おびえて [conjunctive], obiete [conjunctive], 怯えれば [conditional, hypothetical], おびえれば [conditional, hypothetical], obiereba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. to be frightened
    Sense id: en-怯える-ja-verb-Sz8XqjQR Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with manual fragments, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 1 kanji, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries
     
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "脅かす",
        "2": "おびやかす",
        "3": "to frighten"
      },
      "expansion": "脅(おびや)かす (obiyakasu, “to frighten”)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compare 脅(おびや)かす (obiyakasu, “to frighten”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "怯える",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "怯",
          "おび"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obieru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯え",
      "roman": "obie",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "怯",
          "おび"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えた",
      "roman": "obieta",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "怯",
          "おび"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-ichi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯え",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯える",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obieru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obiere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obieyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obiero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obierareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obiesaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obiesasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obierareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obiereru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obieyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obienai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obienu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obien",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obiezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obiemasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obieta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obiete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obiereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "おびえる",
        "tr": "intrans",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "怯(おび)える • (obieru) intransitive ichidan (stem 怯(おび)え (obie), past 怯(おび)えた (obieta))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be frightened"
      ],
      "id": "en-怯える-ja-verb-Sz8XqjQR",
      "links": [
        [
          "frightened",
          "frightened"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "おびえる"
    },
    {
      "other": "おびえる"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[o̞bʲie̞ɾɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "怯える"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "脅かす",
        "2": "おびやかす",
        "3": "to frighten"
      },
      "expansion": "脅(おびや)かす (obiyakasu, “to frighten”)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compare 脅(おびや)かす (obiyakasu, “to frighten”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "怯える",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "怯",
          "おび"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obieru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯え",
      "roman": "obie",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "怯",
          "おび"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えた",
      "roman": "obieta",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "怯",
          "おび"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-ichi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯え",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯える",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obieru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obiere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obieyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obiero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obierareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obiesaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obiesasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obierareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obiereru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obieyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obienai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obienu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obien",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obiezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obiemasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obieta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obiete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "怯えれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おびえれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obiereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "おびえる",
        "tr": "intrans",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "怯(おび)える • (obieru) intransitive ichidan (stem 怯(おび)え (obie), past 怯(おび)えた (obieta))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese ichidan verbs",
        "Japanese intransitive verbs",
        "Japanese lemmas",
        "Japanese links with manual fragments",
        "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Japanese shimo ichidan verbs",
        "Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji",
        "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
        "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
        "Japanese verbs",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be frightened"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "frightened",
          "frightened"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "おびえる"
    },
    {
      "other": "おびえる"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[o̞bʲie̞ɾɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "怯える"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 怯える meaning in Japanese (6.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "怯える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "怯える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "怯える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "怯える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "怯える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "怯える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "怯える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "怯える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "怯える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "怯える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "怯える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "怯える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "怯える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "怯える",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.