See 努める in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "努める",
"ruby": [
[
"努",
"つと"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "努め",
"roman": "tsutome",
"ruby": [
[
"努",
"つと"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "努めた",
"roman": "tsutometa",
"ruby": [
[
"努",
"つと"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "努め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutome",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "努める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "努めれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "努めよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "努めろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "努められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "努めさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "努めさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "努められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "努めれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "努めよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "努めない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "努めぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "努めん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "努めず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "努めます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "努めた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutometa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "努めて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "努めれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つとめる",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "努(つと)める • (tsutomeru) transitive ichidan (stem 努(つと)め (tsutome), past 努(つと)めた (tsutometa))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"endeavor, strive for, make an effort"
],
"id": "en-努める-ja-verb-527lstvl",
"links": [
[
"endeavor",
"endeavor"
],
[
"strive",
"strive"
],
[
"make an effort",
"make an effort"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つとめる"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨto̞me̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "努める"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "努める",
"ruby": [
[
"努",
"つと"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "努め",
"roman": "tsutome",
"ruby": [
[
"努",
"つと"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "努めた",
"roman": "tsutometa",
"ruby": [
[
"努",
"つと"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "努め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutome",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "努める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "努めれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "努めよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "努めろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "努められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "努めさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "努めさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "努められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "努めれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "努めよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "努めない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "努めぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "努めん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "努めず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "努めます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "努めた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutometa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "努めて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "努めれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "つとめれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsutomereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つとめる",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "努(つと)める • (tsutomeru) transitive ichidan (stem 努(つと)め (tsutome), past 努(つと)めた (tsutometa))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese ichidan verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese shimo ichidan verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"endeavor, strive for, make an effort"
],
"links": [
[
"endeavor",
"endeavor"
],
[
"strive",
"strive"
],
[
"make an effort",
"make an effort"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つとめる"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨto̞me̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "努める"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 努める meaning in Japanese (6.1kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"努める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "努める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"努める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "努める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"努める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "努める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"努める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "努める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"努める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "努める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"努める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "努める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"努める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "努める",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.