See 伴う in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "伴ふ",
"2": "ともなふ"
},
"expansion": "伴(ともな)ふ (tomonafu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "とも",
"2": "",
"3": "なふ",
"pos2": "verb-forming suffix",
"t1": "companion"
},
"expansion": "とも (tomo, “companion”) + なふ (nafu, verb-forming suffix)",
"name": "com-ja"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From classical yodan(四段活用) verb 伴(ともな)ふ (tomonafu), formed from とも (tomo, “companion”) + なふ (nafu, verb-forming suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "伴う",
"ruby": [
[
"伴",
"ともな"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "伴い",
"roman": "tomonai",
"ruby": [
[
"伴",
"ともな"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "伴った",
"roman": "tomonatta",
"ruby": [
[
"伴",
"ともな"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-u",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "伴わ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonawa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "伴い",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ともない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "伴う",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "伴え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonae",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "伴われる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonawareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "伴わせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "伴わす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonawaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonawasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "伴える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonaeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "伴おう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonaō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "伴わない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonawanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "伴わず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonawazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "伴います",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ともないます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonaimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "伴った",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "伴って",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "伴えば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonaeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "伴は",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなは",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "伴ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "伴ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "伴ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "伴へ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "伴へ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "伴はず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなはず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "伴へど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなへど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "伴へば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなへば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "伴はば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなはば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "伴ひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "伴ひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "伴ひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "伴ひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "伴へり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "伴ひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなへり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonaferi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "伴はむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなはむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ともなう",
"hhira": "ともなふ",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "伴(ともな)う • (tomonau) ^(←ともなふ (tomonafu)?)intransitive godan (stem 伴(ともな)い (tomonai), past 伴(ともな)った (tomonatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ともな",
"2": "4-p"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -u",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
16,
27
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
40,
49
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
15
]
],
"english": "Hardship always accompanies a season of hope.",
"roman": "Kibō no kisetsu ni wa tsune ni kunan ga tomonatte iru.",
"ruby": [
[
"希望",
"きぼう"
],
[
"季節",
"きせつ"
],
[
"常",
"つね"
],
[
"苦難",
"くなん"
],
[
"伴",
"ともな"
]
],
"text": "希望の季節には常に苦難が伴っている。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to accompany"
],
"id": "en-伴う-ja-verb-KQes237K",
"links": [
[
"accompany",
"accompany"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ともなう"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞mo̞na̠ɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "伴う"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "伴ふ",
"2": "ともなふ"
},
"expansion": "伴(ともな)ふ (tomonafu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "とも",
"2": "",
"3": "なふ",
"pos2": "verb-forming suffix",
"t1": "companion"
},
"expansion": "とも (tomo, “companion”) + なふ (nafu, verb-forming suffix)",
"name": "com-ja"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From classical yodan(四段活用) verb 伴(ともな)ふ (tomonafu), formed from とも (tomo, “companion”) + なふ (nafu, verb-forming suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "伴う",
"ruby": [
[
"伴",
"ともな"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "伴い",
"roman": "tomonai",
"ruby": [
[
"伴",
"ともな"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "伴った",
"roman": "tomonatta",
"ruby": [
[
"伴",
"ともな"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-u",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "伴わ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonawa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "伴い",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ともない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "伴う",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "伴え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonae",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "伴われる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonawareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "伴わせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "伴わす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonawaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonawasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "伴える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonaeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "伴おう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonaō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "伴わない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonawanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "伴わず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonawazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "伴います",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ともないます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonaimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "伴った",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "伴って",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "伴えば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonaeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "伴は",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなは",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "伴ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "伴ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "伴ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "伴へ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "伴へ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "伴はず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなはず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "伴へど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなへど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "伴へば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなへば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "伴はば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなはば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "伴ひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "伴ひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "伴ひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "伴ひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "伴へり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "伴ひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなへり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonaferi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "伴はむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ともなはむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tomonafamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ともなう",
"hhira": "ともなふ",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "伴(ともな)う • (tomonau) ^(←ともなふ (tomonafu)?)intransitive godan (stem 伴(ともな)い (tomonai), past 伴(ともな)った (tomonatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ともな",
"2": "4-p"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -u",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
16,
27
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
40,
49
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
15
]
],
"english": "Hardship always accompanies a season of hope.",
"roman": "Kibō no kisetsu ni wa tsune ni kunan ga tomonatte iru.",
"ruby": [
[
"希望",
"きぼう"
],
[
"季節",
"きせつ"
],
[
"常",
"つね"
],
[
"苦難",
"くなん"
],
[
"伴",
"ともな"
]
],
"text": "希望の季節には常に苦難が伴っている。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to accompany"
],
"links": [
[
"accompany",
"accompany"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ともなう"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞mo̞na̠ɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "伴う"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 伴う meaning in Japanese (10.0kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"伴う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "伴う",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"伴う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "伴う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"伴う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "伴う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"伴う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "伴う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"伴う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "伴う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"伴う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "伴う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"伴う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "伴う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"伴う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "伴う",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.