"にじみ出る" meaning in Japanese

See にじみ出る in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Head templates: {{ja-verb|にじみでる|tr=intrans|type=2}} にじみ出(で)る • (nijimideru) intransitive ichidan (stem にじみ出(で) (nijimide), past にじみ出(で)た (nijimideta)) Forms: にじみ出る [canonical] (ruby: ()), nijimideru [romanization], にじみ出 [stem] (ruby: ()), にじみ出た [past] (ruby: ()), no-table-tags [table-tags], にじみ出 [error-unrecognized-form], にじみで [error-unrecognized-form], nijimide [error-unrecognized-form], にじみ出る [error-unrecognized-form], にじみでる [error-unrecognized-form], nijimideru [error-unrecognized-form], にじみ出れ [error-unrecognized-form], にじみでれ [error-unrecognized-form], nijimidere [error-unrecognized-form], にじみ出よ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], にじみ出ろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], にじみでよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], にじみでろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], nijimideyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], nijimidero [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], にじみ出られる [passive], にじみでられる [passive], nijimiderareru [passive], にじみ出させる [causative], にじみ出さす [causative], にじみでさせる [causative], にじみでさす [causative], nijimidesaseru [causative], nijimidesasu [causative], にじみ出られる [potential], にじみ出れる [colloquial, potential], にじみでられる [potential], にじみでれる [colloquial, potential], nijimiderareru [potential], nijimidereru [colloquial, potential], にじみ出よう [volitional], にじみでよう [volitional], nijimideyō [volitional], にじみ出ない [negative], にじみ出ぬ [negative], にじみ出ん [negative], にじみでない [negative], にじみでぬ [negative], にじみでん [negative], nijimidenai [negative], nijimidenu [negative], nijimiden [negative], にじみ出ず [continuative, negative], にじみでず [continuative, negative], nijimidezu [continuative, negative], にじみ出ます [formal], にじみでます [formal], nijimidemasu [formal], にじみ出た [perfective], にじみでた [perfective], nijimideta [perfective], にじみ出て [conjunctive], にじみでて [conjunctive], nijimidete [conjunctive], にじみ出れば [conditional, hypothetical], にじみでれば [conditional, hypothetical], nijimidereba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. 滲み出る: well (to seep out of the surface), ooze, seep
{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "にじみ出る",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "出",
          "で"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimideru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出",
      "roman": "nijimide",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "出",
          "で"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出た",
      "roman": "nijimideta",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "出",
          "で"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-ichi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみで",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出る",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimideru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出れ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出よ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出ろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimideyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出られる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimiderareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidesaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidesasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出られる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出れる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimiderareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidereru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出よう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimideyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出ない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出ぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出ん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidenai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimiden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出ず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidemasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出た",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimideta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出て",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出れば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "にじみでる",
        "tr": "intrans",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "にじみ出(で)る • (nijimideru) intransitive ichidan (stem にじみ出(で) (nijimide), past にじみ出(で)た (nijimideta))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "滲み出る: well (to seep out of the surface), ooze, seep"
      ],
      "id": "en-にじみ出る-ja-verb-S-CY3Khc",
      "links": [
        [
          "滲み出る",
          "滲み出る#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "well",
          "well"
        ],
        [
          "ooze",
          "ooze"
        ],
        [
          "seep",
          "seep"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "にじみ出る"
}
{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "にじみ出る",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "出",
          "で"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimideru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出",
      "roman": "nijimide",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "出",
          "で"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出た",
      "roman": "nijimideta",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "出",
          "で"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-ichi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみで",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出る",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimideru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出れ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出よ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出ろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimideyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出られる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimiderareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidesaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidesasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出られる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出れる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimiderareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidereru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出よう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimideyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出ない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出ぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出ん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidenai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimiden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出ず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidemasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出た",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimideta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出て",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみ出れば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "にじみでれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nijimidereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "にじみでる",
        "tr": "intrans",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "にじみ出(で)る • (nijimideru) intransitive ichidan (stem にじみ出(で) (nijimide), past にじみ出(で)た (nijimideta))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese ichidan verbs",
        "Japanese intransitive verbs",
        "Japanese lemmas",
        "Japanese links with manual fragments",
        "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Japanese shimo ichidan verbs",
        "Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
        "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
        "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
        "Japanese verbs",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "滲み出る: well (to seep out of the surface), ooze, seep"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "滲み出る",
          "滲み出る#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "well",
          "well"
        ],
        [
          "ooze",
          "ooze"
        ],
        [
          "seep",
          "seep"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "にじみ出る"
}

Download raw JSONL data for にじみ出る meaning in Japanese (6.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "にじみ出る"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "にじみ出る",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "にじみ出る"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "にじみ出る",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "にじみ出る"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "にじみ出る",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "にじみ出る"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "にじみ出る",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "にじみ出る"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "にじみ出る",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "にじみ出る"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "にじみ出る",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "にじみ出る"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "にじみ出る",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.