See けん in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "けむ",
"pos": "auxiliary suffix for verbs indicating supposition about the past, including supposition about why something may have happened"
},
"expansion": "けむ (kemu, auxiliary suffix for verbs indicating supposition about the past, including supposition about why something may have happened)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/kemu/ → /kem/ → /ken/\nShift from older けむ (kemu, auxiliary suffix for verbs indicating supposition about the past, including supposition about why something may have happened). This phonological shift was apparently already underway during the Heian period (794–1185).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ken",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "けん • (ken)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chūgoku Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kyūshū Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Shikoku Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "However the mainland economy is also in a recession now and waste collection business does not pay, so you should give up to go to the mainland.",
"ref": "1940, Kim Sa-ryang, Genkai-nada Mikkō:",
"roman": "Jaga ima wa naichi mo fukeiki de gashite, kuzuya mo dame ja ken, naichi sa iku nā akirameru ga ee",
"ruby": [
[
"今",
"いま"
],
[
"内",
"ない"
],
[
"地",
"ち"
],
[
"不",
"ふ"
],
[
"景",
"けい"
],
[
"気",
"き"
],
[
"屑",
"くず"
],
[
"屋",
"や"
],
[
"駄",
"だ"
],
[
"目",
"め"
],
[
"内",
"ない"
],
[
"地",
"ち"
],
[
"行",
"い"
]
],
"text": "じゃが今は内地も不景気でがして、屑屋も駄目じゃけん、内地さ行くなああきらめるがええ",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"because, since, so: presents the preceding clause as the reason for the following clause"
],
"id": "en-けん-ja-particle-aQnCRq7H",
"links": [
[
"because",
"because"
],
[
"since",
"since"
],
[
"so",
"so"
],
[
"reason",
"reason#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Chūgoku, Shikoku, Kyūshū) because, since, so: presents the preceding clause as the reason for the following clause"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "から"
}
],
"tags": [
"Chūgoku",
"Kyūshū",
"Shikoku"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Daijisen",
"Heian period",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "けん"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "けむ",
"pos": "auxiliary suffix for verbs indicating supposition about the past, including supposition about why something may have happened"
},
"expansion": "けむ (kemu, auxiliary suffix for verbs indicating supposition about the past, including supposition about why something may have happened)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/kemu/ → /kem/ → /ken/\nShift from older けむ (kemu, auxiliary suffix for verbs indicating supposition about the past, including supposition about why something may have happened). This phonological shift was apparently already underway during the Heian period (794–1185).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ken",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "けん • (-ken)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "kemu",
"word": "けむ"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of けむ (kemu)"
],
"id": "en-けん-ja-suffix-ddGNFaQ8",
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"けむ",
"けむ#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese) Alternative form of けむ (kemu)"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Daijisen",
"Heian period",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "けん"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"拳",
"兼",
"件",
"軒",
"間",
"剣",
"県",
"腱",
"健",
"堅",
"建",
"権",
"券",
"圏"
],
"senses": [
{
"id": "en-けん-ja-soft-redirect-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "けん"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese particles",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "けむ",
"pos": "auxiliary suffix for verbs indicating supposition about the past, including supposition about why something may have happened"
},
"expansion": "けむ (kemu, auxiliary suffix for verbs indicating supposition about the past, including supposition about why something may have happened)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/kemu/ → /kem/ → /ken/\nShift from older けむ (kemu, auxiliary suffix for verbs indicating supposition about the past, including supposition about why something may have happened). This phonological shift was apparently already underway during the Heian period (794–1185).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ken",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "けん • (ken)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chūgoku Japanese",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Kyūshū Japanese",
"Shikoku Japanese"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "However the mainland economy is also in a recession now and waste collection business does not pay, so you should give up to go to the mainland.",
"ref": "1940, Kim Sa-ryang, Genkai-nada Mikkō:",
"roman": "Jaga ima wa naichi mo fukeiki de gashite, kuzuya mo dame ja ken, naichi sa iku nā akirameru ga ee",
"ruby": [
[
"今",
"いま"
],
[
"内",
"ない"
],
[
"地",
"ち"
],
[
"不",
"ふ"
],
[
"景",
"けい"
],
[
"気",
"き"
],
[
"屑",
"くず"
],
[
"屋",
"や"
],
[
"駄",
"だ"
],
[
"目",
"め"
],
[
"内",
"ない"
],
[
"地",
"ち"
],
[
"行",
"い"
]
],
"text": "じゃが今は内地も不景気でがして、屑屋も駄目じゃけん、内地さ行くなああきらめるがええ",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"because, since, so: presents the preceding clause as the reason for the following clause"
],
"links": [
[
"because",
"because"
],
[
"since",
"since"
],
[
"so",
"so"
],
[
"reason",
"reason#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Chūgoku, Shikoku, Kyūshū) because, since, so: presents the preceding clause as the reason for the following clause"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "から"
}
],
"tags": [
"Chūgoku",
"Kyūshū",
"Shikoku"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Daijisen",
"Heian period",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "けん"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese particles",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "けむ",
"pos": "auxiliary suffix for verbs indicating supposition about the past, including supposition about why something may have happened"
},
"expansion": "けむ (kemu, auxiliary suffix for verbs indicating supposition about the past, including supposition about why something may have happened)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/kemu/ → /kem/ → /ken/\nShift from older けむ (kemu, auxiliary suffix for verbs indicating supposition about the past, including supposition about why something may have happened). This phonological shift was apparently already underway during the Heian period (794–1185).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ken",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "けん • (-ken)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "kemu",
"word": "けむ"
}
],
"categories": [
"Classical Japanese"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of けむ (kemu)"
],
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"けむ",
"けむ#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese) Alternative form of けむ (kemu)"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Daijisen",
"Heian period",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "けん"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"拳",
"兼",
"件",
"軒",
"間",
"剣",
"県",
"腱",
"健",
"堅",
"建",
"権",
"券",
"圏"
],
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "けん"
}
Download raw JSONL data for けん meaning in Japanese (4.4kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"けん"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "けん",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"けん"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "けん",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.