See 帰化 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "帰",
"2": "き",
"3": "化",
"4": "-か",
"t1": "to submit to",
"t2": "-ize"
},
"expansion": "帰(き) (ki, “to submit to”) + 化(か) (-ka, “-ize”)",
"name": "com-ja"
}
],
"etymology_text": "帰(き) (ki, “to submit to”) + 化(か) (-ka, “-ize”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "帰化",
"ruby": [
[
"帰",
"き"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kika",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kikwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "きくわ",
"roman": "kikwa",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きか",
"hhira": "きくわ"
},
"expansion": "帰(き)化(か) • (kika) ^(←きくわ (kikwa)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kikajin",
"ruby": [
[
"帰化",
"きか"
],
[
"人",
"じん"
]
],
"word": "帰化人"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the process of taking citizenship in a foreign country; naturalization"
],
"id": "en-帰化-ja-noun-hhVgPSCy",
"links": [
[
"naturalization",
"naturalization"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きか"
},
{
"other": "きか"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲi̥ka̠]"
}
],
"word": "帰化"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "帰",
"2": "き",
"3": "化",
"4": "-か",
"t1": "to submit to",
"t2": "-ize"
},
"expansion": "帰(き) (ki, “to submit to”) + 化(か) (-ka, “-ize”)",
"name": "com-ja"
}
],
"etymology_text": "帰(き) (ki, “to submit to”) + 化(か) (-ka, “-ize”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "帰化する",
"ruby": [
[
"帰",
"き"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kika suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化し",
"roman": "kika shi",
"ruby": [
[
"帰",
"き"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化した",
"roman": "kika shita",
"ruby": [
[
"帰",
"き"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きかし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kika shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きかする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kika suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きかすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kika sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "きかせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "きかしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kika seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kika shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "きかされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kika sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きかさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きかさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kika saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kika sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "きかできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kika dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きかしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kika shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きかしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kika shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きかせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kika sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "きかします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kika shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "きかした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kika shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きかして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kika shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "きかすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kika sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms suffixed with 化",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to naturalize"
],
"id": "en-帰化-ja-verb-4E6uaMHs",
"links": [
[
"naturalize",
"naturalize"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きか"
},
{
"other": "きか"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲi̥ka̠]"
}
],
"word": "帰化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms historically spelled with わ",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms suffixed with 化",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kikajin",
"ruby": [
[
"帰化",
"きか"
],
[
"人",
"じん"
]
],
"word": "帰化人"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "帰",
"2": "き",
"3": "化",
"4": "-か",
"t1": "to submit to",
"t2": "-ize"
},
"expansion": "帰(き) (ki, “to submit to”) + 化(か) (-ka, “-ize”)",
"name": "com-ja"
}
],
"etymology_text": "帰(き) (ki, “to submit to”) + 化(か) (-ka, “-ize”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "帰化",
"ruby": [
[
"帰",
"き"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kika",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kikwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "きくわ",
"roman": "kikwa",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きか",
"hhira": "きくわ"
},
"expansion": "帰(き)化(か) • (kika) ^(←きくわ (kikwa)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the process of taking citizenship in a foreign country; naturalization"
],
"links": [
[
"naturalization",
"naturalization"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きか"
},
{
"other": "きか"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲi̥ka̠]"
}
],
"word": "帰化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms historically spelled with わ",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms suffixed with 化",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "帰",
"2": "き",
"3": "化",
"4": "-か",
"t1": "to submit to",
"t2": "-ize"
},
"expansion": "帰(き) (ki, “to submit to”) + 化(か) (-ka, “-ize”)",
"name": "com-ja"
}
],
"etymology_text": "帰(き) (ki, “to submit to”) + 化(か) (-ka, “-ize”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "帰化する",
"ruby": [
[
"帰",
"き"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kika suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化し",
"roman": "kika shi",
"ruby": [
[
"帰",
"き"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化した",
"roman": "kika shita",
"ruby": [
[
"帰",
"き"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きかし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kika shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きかする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kika suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きかすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kika sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "きかせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "きかしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kika seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kika shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "きかされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kika sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きかさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きかさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kika saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kika sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "きかできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kika dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きかしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kika shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きかしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kika shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きかせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kika sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "きかします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kika shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "きかした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kika shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きかして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kika shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "帰化すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "きかすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kika sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to naturalize"
],
"links": [
[
"naturalize",
"naturalize"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きか"
},
{
"other": "きか"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲi̥ka̠]"
}
],
"word": "帰化"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 帰化 meaning in Japanese (7.3kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"帰化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "帰化",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"帰化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "帰化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"帰化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "帰化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"帰化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "帰化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"帰化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "帰化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"帰化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "帰化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"帰化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "帰化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"帰化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "帰化",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.