See 冷たい in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 冷たい meaning in Japanese (19.3kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "hot (of an object)",
"roman": "atsui",
"ruby": [
[
"熱",
"あつ"
]
],
"word": "熱い"
},
{
"english": "warm (of an object)",
"roman": "atatakai",
"ruby": [
[
"温",
"あたた"
]
],
"word": "温かい"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "hot (of an object)",
"roman": "atsui",
"ruby": [
[
"熱",
"あつ"
]
],
"word": "熱い"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "warm (of an object)",
"roman": "atatakai",
"ruby": [
[
"温",
"あたた"
]
],
"word": "温かい"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "cold (of the weather)",
"roman": "samui",
"ruby": [
[
"寒",
"さむ"
]
],
"word": "寒い"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "cold war",
"roman": "tsumetai sensō",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"つめ"
],
[
"戦争",
"せんそう"
]
],
"word": "冷たい戦争"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "爪",
"3": "痛い",
"t1": "claw",
"t2": "painful",
"tr1": "tsume",
"tr2": "itai"
},
"expansion": "爪 (tsume, “claw”) + 痛い (itai, “painful”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/-i-/"
},
"expansion": "/-i-/",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 爪 (tsume, “claw”) + 痛い (itai, “painful”), with the medial /-i-/ falling out.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "冷たい",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"つめ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たく",
"roman": "tsumetaku",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"つめ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetaku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetaku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetaku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetaku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つめたい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "冷(つめ)たい • (tsumetai) -i (adverbial 冷(つめ)たく (tsumetaku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "つめた",
"lemma": "冷た",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 32 18 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 22 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 22 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 22 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 24 26 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 23 27 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 23 27 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold"
],
"id": "en-冷たい-ja-adj-4nLe7N5y",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of an object) cold"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of an object"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 32 18 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 22 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 22 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 22 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 24 26 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 23 27 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 23 27 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "cold-hearted person",
"roman": "kokoro ga tsumetai hito",
"ruby": [
[
"心",
"こころ"
],
[
"冷",
"つめ"
],
[
"人",
"ひと"
]
],
"text": "心が冷たい人"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold (unfriendly)"
],
"id": "en-冷たい-ja-adj-9qNpURJy",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つめたい"
},
{
"other": "つめたい"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝme̞ta̠i]"
}
],
"word": "冷たい"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Shift from tsumetai above.\nFirst attested in at least 1889.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "冷たい",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"つべ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たく",
"roman": "tsubetaku",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"つべ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetaku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetaku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetaku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetaku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つべたい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "冷(つべ)たい • (tsubetai) -i (adverbial 冷(つべ)たく (tsubetaku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "つべた",
"lemma": "冷た",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 32 18 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 22 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 22 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 22 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 24 26 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 23 27 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 23 27 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold"
],
"id": "en-冷たい-ja-adj-4nLe7N5y1",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of an object) cold"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of an object"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 32 18 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 22 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 22 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 22 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 24 26 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 23 27 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 23 27 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold (unfriendly)"
],
"id": "en-冷たい-ja-adj-9qNpURJy1",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つべたい"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝbe̞ta̠i]"
}
],
"word": "冷たい"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "hot (of an object)",
"roman": "atsui",
"ruby": [
[
"熱",
"あつ"
]
],
"word": "熱い"
},
{
"english": "warm (of an object)",
"roman": "atatakai",
"ruby": [
[
"温",
"あたた"
]
],
"word": "温かい"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese い-i adjectives"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "hot (of an object)",
"roman": "atsui",
"ruby": [
[
"熱",
"あつ"
]
],
"word": "熱い"
},
{
"english": "warm (of an object)",
"roman": "atatakai",
"ruby": [
[
"温",
"あたた"
]
],
"word": "温かい"
},
{
"english": "cold (of the weather)",
"roman": "samui",
"ruby": [
[
"寒",
"さむ"
]
],
"word": "寒い"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "cold war",
"roman": "tsumetai sensō",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"つめ"
],
[
"戦争",
"せんそう"
]
],
"word": "冷たい戦争"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "爪",
"3": "痛い",
"t1": "claw",
"t2": "painful",
"tr1": "tsume",
"tr2": "itai"
},
"expansion": "爪 (tsume, “claw”) + 痛い (itai, “painful”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/-i-/"
},
"expansion": "/-i-/",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 爪 (tsume, “claw”) + 痛い (itai, “painful”), with the medial /-i-/ falling out.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "冷たい",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"つめ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たく",
"roman": "tsumetaku",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"つめ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetaku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetaku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetaku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetaku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "つめたさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "tsumetasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つめたい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "冷(つめ)たい • (tsumetai) -i (adverbial 冷(つめ)たく (tsumetaku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "つめた",
"lemma": "冷た",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cold"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of an object) cold"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of an object"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "cold-hearted person",
"roman": "kokoro ga tsumetai hito",
"ruby": [
[
"心",
"こころ"
],
[
"冷",
"つめ"
],
[
"人",
"ひと"
]
],
"text": "心が冷たい人"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold (unfriendly)"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つめたい"
},
{
"other": "つめたい"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝme̞ta̠i]"
}
],
"word": "冷たい"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese い-i adjectives"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Shift from tsumetai above.\nFirst attested in at least 1889.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "冷たい",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"つべ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たく",
"roman": "tsubetaku",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"つべ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetaku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetaku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetaku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetaku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "冷たさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "つべたさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubetasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つべたい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "冷(つべ)たい • (tsubetai) -i (adverbial 冷(つべ)たく (tsubetaku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "つべた",
"lemma": "冷た",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cold"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of an object) cold"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of an object"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cold (unfriendly)"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つべたい"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝbe̞ta̠i]"
}
],
"word": "冷たい"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.