See こぶし in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "nigirikobushi",
"ruby": [
[
"握",
"にぎ"
],
[
"拳",
"こぶし"
]
],
"word": "握り拳"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
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},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 810 CE.\nJapanese dictionaries do not list any further derivation. A surface analysis suggests that this term might be a compound. If so, possibly from 小 (ko, diminutive prefix) + 節 (fushi, “joint; knuckle; knob”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kobushi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
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},
{
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"romanization"
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}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"glosses": [
"fist"
],
"id": "en-こぶし-ja-noun-kfSVmKw6",
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the shape of the hand when gripping a sword hilt"
],
"id": "en-こぶし-ja-noun-8yi2N0MI",
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[
"shape",
"shape"
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"gripping",
"grip#Verb"
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"sword",
"sword"
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{
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{
"_dis": "2 4 25 4 23 14 9 2 1 15",
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{
"_dis": "3 3 24 3 22 20 5 1 1 19",
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{
"_dis": "4 4 28 3 28 12 6 2 2 10",
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},
{
"_dis": "3 2 29 2 29 15 10 2 1 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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],
"glosses": [
"swordsmanship, ability with a sword"
],
"id": "en-こぶし-ja-noun-GF9wmbJx",
"links": [
[
"swordsmanship",
"swordsmanship"
],
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"sword",
"sword"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) swordsmanship, ability with a sword"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "[[ability]]",
"word": "腕前"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the shape of the hand when gripping a bow"
],
"id": "en-こぶし-ja-noun-jKKRHMKz",
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
],
[
"gripping",
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[
"bow",
"bow"
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},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 4 25 4 23 14 9 2 1 15",
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{
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{
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{
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],
"glosses": [
"bowmanship, ability with a bow"
],
"id": "en-こぶし-ja-noun-ueiL0WFi",
"links": [
[
"bowmanship",
"bowmanship"
],
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"bow",
"bow"
]
],
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"(by extension) bowmanship, ability with a bow"
],
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{
"english": "[[ability]]",
"word": "腕前"
}
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"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
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{
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{
"_dis": "3 2 29 2 29 15 10 2 1 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"huntsmanship, hunting ability"
],
"id": "en-こぶし-ja-noun-o1o7TDtN",
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
],
[
"falconer",
"falconer"
],
[
"huntsmanship",
"huntsmanship"
],
[
"hunting",
"hunting"
],
[
"ability",
"ability"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension from the fist of a falconer) huntsmanship, hunting ability"
],
"raw_tags": [
"from the fist of a falconer"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こぶし"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞bɯ̟ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Daijisen",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "こぶし"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Originally a shortening of the older name, 拳椒 (kobushi hajikami, literally “fist pepper, fist ginger”), where the kobushi was in reference to the resemblance of an unopened bud to a child's fist, and the hajikami was probably in reference to the pungency of the seeds when bitten, or to the pungent odor of the plant when injured.\nFirst referenced in a text from roughly 1165.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "こぶし",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "コブシ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kobushi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kobusi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "こぶし",
"roman": "kobusi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "コブシ",
"hhira": "こぶし"
},
"expansion": "こぶし or コブシ • (kobushi) ^(←こぶし (kobusi)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 2 29 2 29 15 10 2 1 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "White birches, the blue sky, [and] the southerly on that hill up North where the magnolias bloom, ah, spring in the North!",
"ref": "1977, “Kitaguni no Haru [Spring in the North]”, Haku Ide (lyrics), Minoru Endō (music), performed by Masao Sen:",
"roman": "shirakaba aozora minamikaze kobushi saku ano oka kitaguni no ā kitaguni no haru",
"ruby": [
[
"白",
"しら"
],
[
"樺",
"かば"
],
[
"青",
"あお"
],
[
"空",
"ぞら"
],
[
"南",
"みなみ"
],
[
"風",
"かぜ"
],
[
"咲",
"さ"
],
[
"丘",
"おか"
],
[
"北",
"きた"
],
[
"国",
"ぐに"
],
[
"北",
"きた"
],
[
"国",
"ぐに"
],
[
"春",
"はる"
]
],
"text": "白樺 青空 南風 こぶし咲くあの丘北国の ああ北国の春",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Kobushi magnolia, Magnolia kobus"
],
"id": "en-こぶし-ja-noun-jDfT0jpO",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "こぶしはじかみ"
},
{
"word": "やまあららぎ"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こぶし"
},
{
"other": "こぶし"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞bɯ̟ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Magnolia kobus",
"ja:コブシ"
],
"word": "こぶし"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
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{
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"2": "こ",
"3": "ふし",
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"alt2": "節",
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"tr1": "ko",
"tr2": "fushi"
},
"expansion": "小 (ko, “small”) + 節 (fushi, “knot; section; melody”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 小 (ko, “small”) + 節 (fushi, “knot; section; melody”).\nFirst cited to a text from 1633.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kobushi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
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},
{
"form": "kobusi",
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"romanization"
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}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "a Ryukyuan type of melisma",
"roman": "guin",
"word": "ぐいん"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a small knot in wood; lumber or timber with small knots"
],
"id": "en-こぶし-ja-noun-om8nE345",
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[
"knot",
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],
[
"wood",
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[
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]
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{
"glosses": [
"a small piece of 鰹節 (katsuo-bushi, “hard-dried skipjack tuna”)"
],
"id": "en-こぶし-ja-noun-lKCQIaVw",
"links": [
[
"piece",
"piece"
],
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"鰹節",
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[
"skipjack tuna",
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]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"Nature",
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],
"source": "w"
},
{
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{
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to use melisma in the melody",
"roman": "kobushi o mawasu",
"ruby": [
[
"小",
"こ"
],
[
"節",
"ぶし"
],
[
"回",
"まわ"
]
],
"text": "小節を回す",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a portion of the melody in traditional Japanese singing (as well as kayōkyoku, enka) that uses melisma"
],
"id": "en-こぶし-ja-noun-HGQ0L5VG",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"portion",
"portion"
],
[
"melody",
"melody"
],
[
"traditional",
"traditional"
],
[
"Japanese",
"Japanese"
],
[
"singing",
"singing"
],
[
"kayōkyoku",
"kayōkyoku"
],
[
"enka",
"enka"
],
[
"melisma",
"melisma"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) a portion of the melody in traditional Japanese singing (as well as kayōkyoku, enka) that uses melisma"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こぶし"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞bɯ̟ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "こぶし"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"古武士"
],
"senses": [
{
"id": "en-こぶし-ja-soft-redirect-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "こぶし"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
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"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "nigirikobushi",
"ruby": [
[
"握",
"にぎ"
],
[
"拳",
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]
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"word": "握り拳"
}
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"name": "C.E."
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"args": {},
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"name": "CE"
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],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 810 CE.\nJapanese dictionaries do not list any further derivation. A surface analysis suggests that this term might be a compound. If so, possibly from 小 (ko, diminutive prefix) + 節 (fushi, “joint; knuckle; knob”).",
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"tags": [
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},
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],
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{
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"fist"
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"fist",
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{
"glosses": [
"the shape of the hand when gripping a sword hilt"
],
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[
"shape",
"shape"
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[
"hand",
"hand"
],
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"gripping",
"grip#Verb"
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[
"sword",
"sword"
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[
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
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"swordsmanship",
"swordsmanship"
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[
"ability",
"ability"
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[
"sword",
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]
],
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"(by extension) swordsmanship, ability with a sword"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "[[ability]]",
"word": "腕前"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the shape of the hand when gripping a bow"
],
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
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[
"gripping",
"grip#Verb"
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[
"bow",
"bow"
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bowmanship, ability with a bow"
],
"links": [
[
"bowmanship",
"bowmanship"
],
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"bow",
"bow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) bowmanship, ability with a bow"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "[[ability]]",
"word": "腕前"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"huntsmanship, hunting ability"
],
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
],
[
"falconer",
"falconer"
],
[
"huntsmanship",
"huntsmanship"
],
[
"hunting",
"hunting"
],
[
"ability",
"ability"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension from the fist of a falconer) huntsmanship, hunting ability"
],
"raw_tags": [
"from the fist of a falconer"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こぶし"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞bɯ̟ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Daijisen",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "こぶし"
}
{
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"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Originally a shortening of the older name, 拳椒 (kobushi hajikami, literally “fist pepper, fist ginger”), where the kobushi was in reference to the resemblance of an unopened bud to a child's fist, and the hajikami was probably in reference to the pungency of the seeds when bitten, or to the pungent odor of the plant when injured.\nFirst referenced in a text from roughly 1165.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "こぶし",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "コブシ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kobushi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kobusi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "こぶし",
"roman": "kobusi",
"tags": [
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"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "コブシ",
"hhira": "こぶし"
},
"expansion": "こぶし or コブシ • (kobushi) ^(←こぶし (kobusi)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "White birches, the blue sky, [and] the southerly on that hill up North where the magnolias bloom, ah, spring in the North!",
"ref": "1977, “Kitaguni no Haru [Spring in the North]”, Haku Ide (lyrics), Minoru Endō (music), performed by Masao Sen:",
"roman": "shirakaba aozora minamikaze kobushi saku ano oka kitaguni no ā kitaguni no haru",
"ruby": [
[
"白",
"しら"
],
[
"樺",
"かば"
],
[
"青",
"あお"
],
[
"空",
"ぞら"
],
[
"南",
"みなみ"
],
[
"風",
"かぜ"
],
[
"咲",
"さ"
],
[
"丘",
"おか"
],
[
"北",
"きた"
],
[
"国",
"ぐに"
],
[
"北",
"きた"
],
[
"国",
"ぐに"
],
[
"春",
"はる"
]
],
"text": "白樺 青空 南風 こぶし咲くあの丘北国の ああ北国の春",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Kobushi magnolia, Magnolia kobus"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "こぶしはじかみ"
},
{
"word": "やまあららぎ"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こぶし"
},
{
"other": "こぶし"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞bɯ̟ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Magnolia kobus",
"ja:コブシ"
],
"word": "こぶし"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "こ",
"3": "ふし",
"alt1": "小",
"alt2": "節",
"t1": "small",
"t2": "knot; section; melody",
"tr1": "ko",
"tr2": "fushi"
},
"expansion": "小 (ko, “small”) + 節 (fushi, “knot; section; melody”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 小 (ko, “small”) + 節 (fushi, “knot; section; melody”).\nFirst cited to a text from 1633.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kobushi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kobusi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "こぶし",
"roman": "kobusi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hhira": "こぶし"
},
"expansion": "こぶし • (kobushi) ^(←こぶし (kobusi)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "a Ryukyuan type of melisma",
"roman": "guin",
"word": "ぐいん"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a small knot in wood; lumber or timber with small knots"
],
"links": [
[
"knot",
"knot"
],
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"lumber",
"lumber"
],
[
"timber",
"timber"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a small piece of 鰹節 (katsuo-bushi, “hard-dried skipjack tuna”)"
],
"links": [
[
"piece",
"piece"
],
[
"鰹節",
"鰹節#Japanese"
],
[
"skipjack tuna",
"skipjack tuna"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"ja:Music"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to use melisma in the melody",
"roman": "kobushi o mawasu",
"ruby": [
[
"小",
"こ"
],
[
"節",
"ぶし"
],
[
"回",
"まわ"
]
],
"text": "小節を回す",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a portion of the melody in traditional Japanese singing (as well as kayōkyoku, enka) that uses melisma"
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"portion",
"portion"
],
[
"melody",
"melody"
],
[
"traditional",
"traditional"
],
[
"Japanese",
"Japanese"
],
[
"singing",
"singing"
],
[
"kayōkyoku",
"kayōkyoku"
],
[
"enka",
"enka"
],
[
"melisma",
"melisma"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) a portion of the melody in traditional Japanese singing (as well as kayōkyoku, enka) that uses melisma"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こぶし"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞bɯ̟ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "こぶし"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"古武士"
],
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "こぶし"
}
Download raw JSONL data for こぶし meaning in Japanese (7.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"こぶし"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "こぶし",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"こぶし"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "こぶし",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"こぶし"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "こぶし",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"こぶし"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "こぶし",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"こぶし"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "こぶし",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"こぶし"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "こぶし",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.