See くろ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "黒"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ja-see"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "畦"
},
"expansion": "畦",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "クロ"
},
"expansion": "クロ",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "久路"
},
"expansion": "久路",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in a text from 810, but only where 畦 is glossed as クロ. The first actual phonetic attestation is in the Wamyō Ruijushō (934), as man'yōgana 久路.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kuro",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "くろ • (kuro)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"redirects": [
"黒"
],
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 810 or 934",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 6 2 18 8 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 13 3 17 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 9 3 11 10 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 7 4 7 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 7 4 7 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Odaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 6 23 21 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 11 3 10 9 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 4 1 5 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 4 2 5 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 7 28 25 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Blacks",
"orig": "ja:Blacks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a ridge between rice paddies"
],
"id": "en-くろ-ja-noun-pDNKyQOI",
"links": [
[
"ridge",
"ridge"
],
[
"rice paddies",
"rice paddy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated or dialect) a ridge between rice paddies"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 1241",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 24 6 23 21 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 7 28 25 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Blacks",
"orig": "ja:Blacks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a slightly raised place"
],
"id": "en-くろ-ja-noun-APUQDR7X",
"links": [
[
"slightly",
"slightly"
],
[
"raised",
"raise"
],
[
"place",
"place"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くろ"
},
{
"other": "くろ"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾo̞]"
},
{
"other": "[kúꜜrò]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"other": "[kùró]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"other": "[kùróꜜ]",
"tags": [
"Kagoshima"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Early Middle Japanese",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Wamyō Ruijushō"
],
"word": "くろ"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "蟋蟀",
"2": "コオロギ",
"t": "cricket"
},
"expansion": "蟋蟀(コオロギ) (kōrogi, “cricket”)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested in the Butsurui Shōko (1775).\nUnknown. Possibly a dialectal form of 蟋蟀(コオロギ) (kōrogi, “cricket”), but no sources support this.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kuro",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "くろ • (kuro)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 1775",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese hapax legomena",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a cricket"
],
"id": "en-くろ-ja-noun-6~8OOEa9",
"links": [
[
"cricket",
"cricket"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hapax legomenon, obsolete) a cricket"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くろ"
},
{
"other": "くろ"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾo̞]"
},
{
"other": "[kúꜜrò]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"other": "[kùró]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"other": "[kùróꜜ]",
"tags": [
"Kagoshima"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾo̞]"
},
{
"other": "くろ"
},
{
"other": "くろ"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾo̞]"
},
{
"other": "[kúꜜrò]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"other": "[kùró]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"other": "[kùróꜜ]",
"tags": [
"Kagoshima"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Butsurui Shōko",
"Early Middle Japanese",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
],
"word": "くろ"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibly contractions of different words.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kuro",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "くろ • (kuro)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 1931",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Crime",
"orig": "ja:Crime",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 6 23 21 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 7 28 25 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Blacks",
"orig": "ja:Blacks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a glove"
],
"id": "en-くろ-ja-noun-t3W-xq-2",
"links": [
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"glove",
"glove"
]
],
"qualifier": "crime",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, crime) a glove"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 1915",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Crime",
"orig": "ja:Crime",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 6 23 21 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 7 28 25 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Blacks",
"orig": "ja:Blacks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a copper coin"
],
"id": "en-くろ-ja-noun-UMC4wofc",
"links": [
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"copper",
"copper"
],
[
"coin",
"coin"
]
],
"qualifier": "crime",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, crime) a copper coin"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 1935",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Crime",
"orig": "ja:Crime",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a mole (skin)"
],
"id": "en-くろ-ja-noun-1y32SRIO",
"links": [
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"mole",
"mole"
]
],
"qualifier": "crime",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, crime) a mole (skin)"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くろ"
},
{
"other": "くろ"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾo̞]"
},
{
"other": "[kúꜜrò]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"other": "[kùró]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"other": "[kùróꜜ]",
"tags": [
"Kagoshima"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾo̞]"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾo̞]"
},
{
"other": "くろ"
},
{
"other": "くろ"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾo̞]"
},
{
"other": "[kúꜜrò]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"other": "[kùró]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"other": "[kùróꜜ]",
"tags": [
"Kagoshima"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾo̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Early Middle Japanese",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
],
"word": "くろ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with Odaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Blacks"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "黒"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ja-see"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "畦"
},
"expansion": "畦",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "クロ"
},
"expansion": "クロ",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "久路"
},
"expansion": "久路",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in a text from 810, but only where 畦 is glossed as クロ. The first actual phonetic attestation is in the Wamyō Ruijushō (934), as man'yōgana 久路.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kuro",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "くろ • (kuro)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"redirects": [
"黒"
],
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 810 or 934",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese dated terms",
"Japanese dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"a ridge between rice paddies"
],
"links": [
[
"ridge",
"ridge"
],
[
"rice paddies",
"rice paddy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated or dialect) a ridge between rice paddies"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 1241",
"references": []
}
],
"glosses": [
"a slightly raised place"
],
"links": [
[
"slightly",
"slightly"
],
[
"raised",
"raise"
],
[
"place",
"place"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くろ"
},
{
"other": "くろ"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾo̞]"
},
{
"other": "[kúꜜrò]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"other": "[kùró]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"other": "[kùróꜜ]",
"tags": [
"Kagoshima"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Early Middle Japanese",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Wamyō Ruijushō"
],
"word": "くろ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with Odaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Blacks"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "蟋蟀",
"2": "コオロギ",
"t": "cricket"
},
"expansion": "蟋蟀(コオロギ) (kōrogi, “cricket”)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested in the Butsurui Shōko (1775).\nUnknown. Possibly a dialectal form of 蟋蟀(コオロギ) (kōrogi, “cricket”), but no sources support this.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kuro",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "くろ • (kuro)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 1775",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese hapax legomena",
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a cricket"
],
"links": [
[
"cricket",
"cricket"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hapax legomenon, obsolete) a cricket"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くろ"
},
{
"other": "くろ"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾo̞]"
},
{
"other": "[kúꜜrò]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"other": "[kùró]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"other": "[kùróꜜ]",
"tags": [
"Kagoshima"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾo̞]"
},
{
"other": "くろ"
},
{
"other": "くろ"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾo̞]"
},
{
"other": "[kúꜜrò]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"other": "[kùró]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"other": "[kùróꜜ]",
"tags": [
"Kagoshima"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Butsurui Shōko",
"Early Middle Japanese",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
],
"word": "くろ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with Odaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Blacks"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibly contractions of different words.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kuro",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "くろ • (kuro)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 1931",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese slang",
"ja:Crime"
],
"glosses": [
"a glove"
],
"links": [
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"glove",
"glove"
]
],
"qualifier": "crime",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, crime) a glove"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 1915",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese slang",
"ja:Crime"
],
"glosses": [
"a copper coin"
],
"links": [
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"copper",
"copper"
],
[
"coin",
"coin"
]
],
"qualifier": "crime",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, crime) a copper coin"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 1935",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese slang",
"ja:Crime"
],
"glosses": [
"a mole (skin)"
],
"links": [
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"mole",
"mole"
]
],
"qualifier": "crime",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, crime) a mole (skin)"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くろ"
},
{
"other": "くろ"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾo̞]"
},
{
"other": "[kúꜜrò]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"other": "[kùró]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"other": "[kùróꜜ]",
"tags": [
"Kagoshima"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾo̞]"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾo̞]"
},
{
"other": "くろ"
},
{
"other": "くろ"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾo̞]"
},
{
"other": "[kúꜜrò]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"other": "[kùró]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
},
{
"other": "[kùróꜜ]",
"tags": [
"Kagoshima"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾo̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Early Middle Japanese",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
],
"word": "くろ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for くろ meaning in Japanese (6.7kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"くろ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "くろ",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"くろ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "くろ",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"くろ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "くろ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"くろ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "くろ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon, obsolete",
"path": [
"くろ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "くろ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon, obsolete",
"path": [
"くろ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "くろ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"くろ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "くろ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "luaexec/683",
"msg": "LUA error in #invoke('form of/templates', 'form_of_t', 'short for', 'cat=short forms', 'withencap=1', 'conj=or') parent ('Template:short for', {1: 'ja', 2: '黒幕', 'tr': 'kuromaku'})",
"path": [
"くろ",
"Template:ja-see",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:ja-see:show()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"Template:short for",
"Template:no deprecated lang param usage",
"ARGVAL-1",
"#invoke",
"#invoke"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "くろ",
"trace": "[string \"Module:form of/templates\"]:597: attempt to call upvalue 'get_force_cat' (a nil value)"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (c8bd62c and a979ada). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.