See かな in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "か",
"3": "な",
"pos1": "interrogative particle",
"pos2": "mild exclamatory particle",
"tr1": "ka",
"tr2": "na"
},
"expansion": "か (ka, interrogative particle) + な (na, mild exclamatory particle)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "な"
},
"expansion": "な (na)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Combination of か (ka, interrogative particle) + な (na, mild exclamatory particle).\nFirst attested in the late-Edo period as an apparent shift in sense from the Old Japanese and classical usage, wherein the な (na) came to express more a sense of mild doubt rather than admiration (see that section for more).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ka na",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle",
"2": "か な"
},
"expansion": "かな • (ka na)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I wonder if he's a suspicious person.",
"roman": "Kare wa ayashii hito ka na.",
"ruby": [
[
"彼",
"かれ"
],
[
"怪",
"あや"
],
[
"人",
"ひと"
]
],
"text": "彼は怪しい人かな。"
},
{
"english": "Well, maybe so.",
"roman": "Mā, sō ka na.",
"text": "まあ、そうかな。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses a question with a feeling of worry"
],
"id": "en-かな-ja-particle-pG3xPbPo",
"links": [
[
"expresses",
"express#Verb"
],
[
"question",
"question#English"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling#English"
],
[
"worry",
"worry#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"expresses skepticism: really?, is it?"
],
"id": "en-かな-ja-particle-vwF9gLnX",
"links": [
[
"skepticism",
"skepticism#English"
],
[
"really",
"really"
],
[
"is it",
"is it"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"expresses affirmation: I hope, I wish"
],
"id": "en-かな-ja-particle-qCNC8waA",
"links": [
[
"affirmation",
"affirmation#English"
],
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"hope",
"hope"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the form ～ないかな (...nai ka na)) expresses affirmation: I hope, I wish"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the form ～ないかな (...nai ka na)"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"expresses confusion"
],
"id": "en-かな-ja-particle-r8HC8D7s",
"links": [
[
"confusion",
"confusion#English"
]
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Edo period",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
],
"word": "かな"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "哉"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かな"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "か",
"3": "な",
"pos1": "particle indicating doubt or uncertainty",
"pos2": "mild exclamatory particle",
"tr1": "ka",
"tr2": "na"
},
"expansion": "か (ka, particle indicating doubt or uncertainty) + な (na, mild exclamatory particle)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "か も"
},
"expansion": "かも (ka mo)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First attested in the early 700s.\nFrom か (ka, particle indicating doubt or uncertainty) + な (na, mild exclamatory particle).\nDisplaced particle かも (ka mo) around the early-Middle Japanese stage.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ka na",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle",
"2": "か な"
},
"expansion": "かな • (ka na)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 26 8 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 28 7 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 27 7 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 17 9 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 29 7 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 14 10 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 12 9 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kanadomari",
"ruby": [
[
"哉",
"かな"
],
[
"留",
"ど"
]
],
"word": "哉留まり"
},
{
"roman": "ubenaru kana",
"ruby": [
[
"宜",
"うべ"
]
],
"word": "宜なるかな"
},
{
"roman": "uran kana",
"ruby": [
[
"売",
"う"
]
],
"word": "売らんかな"
},
{
"roman": "oshii kana",
"ruby": [
[
"惜",
"お"
]
],
"word": "惜しいかな"
},
{
"roman": "genzai no kana",
"ruby": [
[
"現",
"げん"
],
[
"在",
"ざい"
],
[
"哉",
"かな"
]
],
"word": "現在の哉"
},
{
"roman": "saiwai naru kana",
"ruby": [
[
"幸",
"さいわ"
]
],
"word": "幸いなるかな"
},
{
"roman": "hataseru kana",
"ruby": [
[
"果",
"は"
]
],
"word": "果たせるかな"
},
{
"roman": "mubenaru kana",
"ruby": [
[
"宜",
"むべ"
]
],
"word": "宜なるかな"
},
{
"roman": "yannuru kana",
"ruby": [
[
"已",
"や"
]
],
"word": "已んぬるかな"
},
{
"roman": "yoi kana",
"ruby": [
[
"善",
"よ"
]
],
"word": "善いかな"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Wonderful!",
"roman": "Yoki ka na!",
"ruby": [
[
"善",
"よ"
],
[
"哉",
"かな"
]
],
"text": "善き哉！",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses wonder or postulation on the part of the speaker"
],
"id": "en-かな-ja-particle-9hk~t5Ki",
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"expresses",
"express#Verb"
],
[
"wonder",
"wonder#English"
],
[
"postulation",
"postulation#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese or literary) expresses wonder or postulation on the part of the speaker"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"literary"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen#Online_search_engines"
],
"word": "かな"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"仮名",
"縢",
"鉋",
"香奈",
"佳奈",
"加奈"
],
"senses": [
{
"id": "en-かな-ja-soft-redirect-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "かな"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese particles",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "か",
"3": "な",
"pos1": "interrogative particle",
"pos2": "mild exclamatory particle",
"tr1": "ka",
"tr2": "na"
},
"expansion": "か (ka, interrogative particle) + な (na, mild exclamatory particle)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "な"
},
"expansion": "な (na)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Combination of か (ka, interrogative particle) + な (na, mild exclamatory particle).\nFirst attested in the late-Edo period as an apparent shift in sense from the Old Japanese and classical usage, wherein the な (na) came to express more a sense of mild doubt rather than admiration (see that section for more).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ka na",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle",
"2": "か な"
},
"expansion": "かな • (ka na)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I wonder if he's a suspicious person.",
"roman": "Kare wa ayashii hito ka na.",
"ruby": [
[
"彼",
"かれ"
],
[
"怪",
"あや"
],
[
"人",
"ひと"
]
],
"text": "彼は怪しい人かな。"
},
{
"english": "Well, maybe so.",
"roman": "Mā, sō ka na.",
"text": "まあ、そうかな。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses a question with a feeling of worry"
],
"links": [
[
"expresses",
"express#Verb"
],
[
"question",
"question#English"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling#English"
],
[
"worry",
"worry#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"expresses skepticism: really?, is it?"
],
"links": [
[
"skepticism",
"skepticism#English"
],
[
"really",
"really"
],
[
"is it",
"is it"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"expresses affirmation: I hope, I wish"
],
"links": [
[
"affirmation",
"affirmation#English"
],
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"hope",
"hope"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the form ～ないかな (...nai ka na)) expresses affirmation: I hope, I wish"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the form ～ないかな (...nai ka na)"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"expresses confusion"
],
"links": [
[
"confusion",
"confusion#English"
]
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Edo period",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
],
"word": "かな"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese particles",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kanadomari",
"ruby": [
[
"哉",
"かな"
],
[
"留",
"ど"
]
],
"word": "哉留まり"
},
{
"roman": "ubenaru kana",
"ruby": [
[
"宜",
"うべ"
]
],
"word": "宜なるかな"
},
{
"roman": "uran kana",
"ruby": [
[
"売",
"う"
]
],
"word": "売らんかな"
},
{
"roman": "oshii kana",
"ruby": [
[
"惜",
"お"
]
],
"word": "惜しいかな"
},
{
"roman": "genzai no kana",
"ruby": [
[
"現",
"げん"
],
[
"在",
"ざい"
],
[
"哉",
"かな"
]
],
"word": "現在の哉"
},
{
"roman": "saiwai naru kana",
"ruby": [
[
"幸",
"さいわ"
]
],
"word": "幸いなるかな"
},
{
"roman": "hataseru kana",
"ruby": [
[
"果",
"は"
]
],
"word": "果たせるかな"
},
{
"roman": "mubenaru kana",
"ruby": [
[
"宜",
"むべ"
]
],
"word": "宜なるかな"
},
{
"roman": "yannuru kana",
"ruby": [
[
"已",
"や"
]
],
"word": "已んぬるかな"
},
{
"roman": "yoi kana",
"ruby": [
[
"善",
"よ"
]
],
"word": "善いかな"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "哉"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かな"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "か",
"3": "な",
"pos1": "particle indicating doubt or uncertainty",
"pos2": "mild exclamatory particle",
"tr1": "ka",
"tr2": "na"
},
"expansion": "か (ka, particle indicating doubt or uncertainty) + な (na, mild exclamatory particle)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "か も"
},
"expansion": "かも (ka mo)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First attested in the early 700s.\nFrom か (ka, particle indicating doubt or uncertainty) + な (na, mild exclamatory particle).\nDisplaced particle かも (ka mo) around the early-Middle Japanese stage.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ka na",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle",
"2": "か な"
},
"expansion": "かな • (ka na)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Classical Japanese",
"Japanese literary terms",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Wonderful!",
"roman": "Yoki ka na!",
"ruby": [
[
"善",
"よ"
],
[
"哉",
"かな"
]
],
"text": "善き哉！",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses wonder or postulation on the part of the speaker"
],
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"expresses",
"express#Verb"
],
[
"wonder",
"wonder#English"
],
[
"postulation",
"postulation#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese or literary) expresses wonder or postulation on the part of the speaker"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"literary"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen#Online_search_engines"
],
"word": "かな"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"仮名",
"縢",
"鉋",
"香奈",
"佳奈",
"加奈"
],
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "かな"
}
Download raw JSONL data for かな meaning in Japanese (5.8kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"かな"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "かな",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"かな"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "かな",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.