昨日

From Old Japanese. The initial ki is unclear, but is likely the same ki element that appears in other words pertaining to the past. This may be related to the now-obsolete auxiliary verb き (ki) indicating the recollective past -- see けり (keri). The final so is also unclear, but is probably the same as the final zo in 去年(こぞ) (kozo).
This may have been read as kizo in Old Japanese.

明後日

the day after tomorrow, two days from now


一昨年

ja-noun

一(いっ)昨(さく)年(ねん) or 一昨(おと)年(とし) • (issakunen or ototoshi) ^(←をととし (wototosi)?)

一昨年 (canonical)
一昨年 (canonical)
issakunen (romanization)
ototoshi (romanization)
wototosi (romanization)
をととし (hiragana historical)


一昨日

一昨日 (canonical)
issakujitsu (romanization)

Compound of 一昨 (issaku-, “the previous... before...”) + 日 (jitsu, “day”).
First cited to a text from 1275.

com

day before yesterday
day before yesterday

(formal) the day before yesterday, two days ago


一昨日

ja-noun

一昨(おとと)日(い) • (ototoi) ^(←をととひ (wototofi)?)

一昨日 (canonical)
ototoi (romanization)
wototofi (romanization)
をととひ (hiragana historical)

/wotot͡sufi/ → /wototofi/ → /wototowi/ → /ototoi/
First cited to a text from roughly 953.
Shift from Old Japanese ototsui (see Etymology 3 below).
The kanji spelling is from issakujitsu (see Etymology 1 above).

かくてつかはしたりければ、千里見侍りて、まことにをととひなんかへりまうてこしかど、心地のなやましくてなむありつる、とはかりいひをくりてはべりければ、かさねてつかはしける

Kakute tsukawashi-tarikereba, Chisato mihaberite, makoto ni ototoi nan kaeri mōte koshikado, kokochi no nayamashikutenan aritsuru, towakari ii okurite haberikereba, kasanete tsukawashikeru.

一昨日御出で

go away and don't ever come back; come here the day before yesterday


一昨日

一昨(おとつ)日(い) • (ototsui) ^(←をとつひ (wototufi)?)

一昨日 (canonical)
ototsui (romanization)
wototufi (romanization)
をとつひ (hiragana historical)

⟨woto₂ tu pi₁⟩ → */wotətupʲi/ → /wotot͡sufi/ → /otot͡suwi/ → /otot͡sui/
First attested in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).
Originally a compound of 遠 (oto, “distant, distant past”) + つ (tsu, Old Japanese case-marker particle) + 日 (hi, “day”).
The kanji spelling is from issakujitsu (see Etymology 1 above).


過去

過去 (canonical)
kako (romanization)
kwako (romanization)
くわこ (hiragana historical)

2003 September 22, Akinobu Uraku, “第(だい)61話(わ) 愛(いと)しきものの為(ため)に [Chapter 61: All for Our Loved Ones]”, in 東(とう)京(きょう)アンダーグラウンド [Tokyo Underground], volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, →ISBN, pages 48–49:

Your willingness to cut ties with the past. Show me.

過去を断ち切る力 見せてもらいたいものね

Kako o tachikiru chikara misete moraitai mono ne

2007 July 21, “六(ろく)武(ぶ)衆(しゅう)の侍(じ)従(じゅう) [Chamberlain of the Six Samurai]”, in GLADIATOR'S ASSAULT(グラディエイターズ・アサルト), Konami:

An enigmatic character who supports the Six Samurai from the shadows. He no longer engages in battles, but countless scars on his body definitely tell something. No one really knows about that past of his, though.

六武衆を陰で支える謎多き人物。今はもう闘う事はないが、体に刻まれた無数の傷跡が何かを語る。その過去を知る者はいない。

Rokubushū o kage de sasaeru nazōoki jinbutsu. Ima wa mō tatakau koto wa nai ga, karada ni kizamareta musū no kizuato ga nanika o kataru. Sono kako o shiru mono wa inai.

the past (period of time that has already happened)


先々週

先々週 (canonical)
sensenshū (romanization)


先週

ja-noun

先(せん)週(しゅう) • (senshū) ^(←せんしう (sensiu)?)

先週 (canonical)
senshū (romanization)
sensiu (romanization)
せんしう (hiragana historical)


古今

From Middle Chinese 古今 (MC kuX kim).
The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.


古今

人古今に通ぜざるは馬牛にして襟裾す

hito kokon ni tsūzezaru wa bagyū ni shite kinkyo su

From Middle Chinese 古今 (MC kuX kim).
Uses the goon reading for the latter kanji, suggesting an older borrowing.

the interval between the past and present; also, such a history


古今

古(いにしえ)今(いま) • (inishie ima) ^(←いにしへいま (inisifeima)?)

古今 (canonical)
inishie ima (romanization)
inisifeima (romanization)
いにしへいま (hiragana historical)

Compound of 古 (inishie, “the past, ancient times”) + 今 (ima, “now”).


昨晩

[sa̠kɯ̟bã̠ɴ]


先月

[sẽ̞ŋɡe̞t͡sɨ]


前年

[d͡zẽ̞nːẽ̞ɴ]


昨夏

昨夏 (canonical)
sakka (romanization)
sakuka (romanization)
さくか (hiragana historical)


先々月

先々月 (canonical)
sensengetsu (romanization)


一昨朝

一昨朝 (canonical)
issakuchō (romanization)

(rare) the morning of the day before yesterday


一昨晩

一昨晩 (canonical)
issakuban (romanization)

(rare) the night of the day before yesterday; two nights ago


なかったこと

過去をなかったことにする

to treat the past as being nonexistent; to pretend past events never happened


昨朝

ja-noun

昨(さく)朝(ちょう) • (sakuchō) ^(←さくてう (sakuteu)?)

昨朝 (canonical)
sakuchō (romanization)
sakuteu (romanization)
さくてう (hiragana historical)

[sa̠kɯ̟t͡ɕo̞ː]


一昨昨日

一昨昨日 (canonical)
issakusakujitsu (romanization)

Compound of 一(いっ)昨(さく)昨(さく) (issakusaku-, “the previous... before the last two...”) + 日(じつ) (jitsu, “day”).


一昨昨日

ja-noun

一昨昨日(さきおととい) • (saki-ototoi) ^(←さきをととひ (sakiwototofi)?)

一昨昨日 (canonical)
saki-ototoi (romanization)
sakiwototofi (romanization)
さきをととひ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 先(さき) (saki, “previous”) + 一昨日(おととい) (ototoi, “day before yesterday”).
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).


一昨昨日

ja-noun

一昨昨日(さきおとつい) • (saki-ototsui) ^(←さきをとつひ (sakiwototufi)?)

一昨昨日 (canonical)
saki-ototsui (romanization)
sakiwototufi (romanization)
さきをとつひ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 先(さき) (saki, “previous”) + 一昨日(おとつい) (ototsui, “day before yesterday”).
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).


今が今まで

今が今まで (canonical)
ima ga ima made (romanization)

今(いま) (ima) + が (ga) + 今(いま)まで (ima made)


すぎさる

ja-verb

すぎさる • (sugisaru) ^(←すぎさる (sugisaru)?)godan (stem すぎさり (sugisari), past すぎさった (sugisatta))

sugisaru (romanization)
すぎさり (stem)
すぎさった (past)
すぎさら
sugisara
すぎさり
sugisari
すぎさる
sugisaru
すぎされ
sugisare
すぎさられる (passive)
sugisarareru (passive)
すぎさらせる (causative)
すぎさらす (causative)
sugisaraseru (causative)
sugisarasu (causative)
すぎされる (potential)
sugisareru (potential)
すぎさろう (volitional)
sugisarō (volitional)
すぎさらない (negative)
sugisaranai (negative)
すぎさらず (continuative negative)
sugisarazu (continuative negative)
すぎさります (formal)
sugisarimasu (formal)
すぎさった (perfective)
sugisatta (perfective)
すぎさって (conjunctive)
sugisatte (conjunctive)
すぎされば (conditional hypothetical)
sugisareba (conditional hypothetical)

[sɨɡʲisa̠ɾɯ̟]

From 過(す)ぎ (sugi, “連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 過(す)ぎる (sugiru).”) + 去(さ)る (saru).