菩薩

/bosatɨ/ → /bosatʉ/ → /bosat͡sʉ/ → /bosat͡su/
Shift from bosachi below, adopting the kan'on reading for the second character, possibly indicating a later borrowing or other influence from Middle Chinese. Ultimately from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, literally “enlightened existence”) or Pali bodhisatta.
Compare modern Cantonese 菩薩 /菩萨 (pou⁴ saat³).

妙見菩薩

妙見菩薩 みょうけんぼさつ

(Buddhism) Short for 菩提薩埵 (bodai-satta): a bodhisattva

(archaic) a title applied to native Shinto deities after the spread of 本地垂迹 (honji suijaku, theological position prevalent until the Meiji period, explaining that Buddhist deities from India choose to appear in Japan as native kami)

in gagaku circles, a dancer dressed up as a bodhisattva


菩薩

/bosatɨ/ → /bosat͡ɕi/
From Middle Chinese 菩薩 (MC bu sat), an abbreviation of 菩提薩埵 (MC bu dej sat twaX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, literally “enlightened existence”) or Pali bodhisatta. Uses the goon for both characters, indicating an earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese than the bosatsu reading above.

阿彌陀仏けうしのほさちおのおの白たんしてつくり奉りたる...

Amida-butsu kyōshi no bosachi onoono byakutan shite tsukuri tatematsuritaru...

(Buddhism, obsolete) Short for 菩提薩埵 (bodai-satta): a bodhisattva


摩訶薩埵

摩訶薩埵 (canonical)
makasatta (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 摩訶薩埵 (MC ma xa sat twaX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit महासत्त्व (mahāsattva, “great creature; great being”).

bor

(Buddhism) Synonym of 摩訶薩 (makasatsu): a great bodhisattva


地蔵

地蔵 (canonical)
Jizō (romanization)
Dizau (romanization)
ぢざう (hiragana historical)

/dizau/ → /d͡ʑizɔː/ → /d͡ʑizoː/
Calque of Sanskrit क्षितिगर्भ (Kṣitigarbha, literally “earth womb”).

calque

(Buddhism) Short for 地蔵菩薩 (Jizō Bosatsu): Ksitigarbha, the bodhisattva who looks over children, pregnant women, travelers, and the underworld


観音

ja-pos

観(かん)音(のん) • (Kannon) ^(←くわんおん (Kwan'on)?)

観音 (canonical)
Kannon (romanization)
Kwan'on (romanization)
くわんおん (hiragana historical)

English: Kannon, Kwannon

/kwan.omʉ/ → /kwan.on/ → /kwanːon/ → /kanːoɴ/
From Middle Chinese 觀音 (kwan ʔim). The on reading for 音 changes to non as an instance of renjō (連声).
Origianlly a shortening of 観世音 (Kanzeon, literally “perceiver of the world's sounds”), itself a calque of Sanskrit अवलोकितेश्वर (Avalokiteśvara).

calque

अवलोकितेश्वर

観世音菩薩 観世音菩薩#Japanese

(Buddhism) Short for 観世音菩薩 (Kanzeon Bosatsu): Avalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva of compassion; also known in some cultures as Guanyin, the goddess of mercy


弥勒

From Middle Chinese 彌勒 (mjie lok), from Sanskrit मैत्रेय (maitreya).

Mile (a county-level city in Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)


勢至

Short for 勢至菩薩 (Seishi Bosatsu): Mahasthamaprapta bodhisattva


勢至菩薩

勢至菩薩 (canonical)
Seishi Bosatsu (romanization)

(Buddhism) Mahasthamaprapta, the bodhisattva of wisdom and strength


観音菩薩

観音菩薩 (canonical)
Kannon Bosatsu (romanization)

観音 + 菩薩: The bodhisattva of Avalokiteśvara".

(Buddhism): Kannon Bosatsu; the Japanese name for Guanyin, the bodhisattva of mercy and compassion.


韋駄天

ja-noun

韋(い)駄(だ)天(てん) • (idaten) ^(←ゐだてん (widaten)?)

韋駄天 (canonical)
idaten (romanization)
widaten (romanization)
ゐだてん (hiragana historical)


馬頭観音

ja-pos

馬(ば)頭(とう)観(かん)音(のん) • (Batō Kannon) ^(←ばとうくわんおん (Batoukwan'on)?)

馬頭観音 (canonical)
Batō Kannon (romanization)
Batoukwan'on (romanization)
ばとうくわんおん (hiragana historical)

[ba̠to̞ː kã̠nːõ̞ɴ]

馬頭 (batō, “horse head”, calque of Sanskrit हयग्रीव (hayagrīva)) + 観音 (Kannon, “Guanyin”). The on reading for 音 changes to non as an instance of renjō (連声).

af

calque of Sanskrit <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">हयग्रीव</i> (hayagrīva)


弥勒菩薩

弥勒菩薩 (canonical)
Miroku Bosatsu (romanization)

From 弥勒 (Miroku, “Maitreya”) + 菩薩 (bosatsu, “bodhisattva”).


菩提薩埵

菩提薩埵 (canonical)
bodai-satta (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 菩提薩埵 (MC bu dej sat twaX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhisattva, “enlightened existence”).
Equivalent to 菩提 (bodai, “bodhi, enlightenment”) + 薩埵 (satta, “being”).

com

…無智亦無得。以無所得故。菩提薩埵。依般若波羅蜜多故。心無罣礙。無罣礙故。無有恐怖。

7th century, Heart Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)

…there is no knowledge and attainment because there is nothing to attain. The Bodhisattva rests in the wisdom that has been perfected. Because his heart is free of attachments, he has no fear.

…mu chi yaku mu toku, i mu shotoku ko. Bodai-satta, e hannya haramitta ko, shin mu keige, mu keige ko, mu u kufu.


千手観音

ja-pos

千(せん)手(じゅ)観(かん)音(のん) • (Senju Kannon) ^(←せんじゆくわんおん (Senzyukwan'on)?)

千手観音 (canonical)
Senju Kannon (romanization)
Senzyukwan'on (romanization)
せんじゆくわんおん (hiragana historical)

[sẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨ kã̠nːõ̞ɴ]

千 (sen, “thousand”) + 手 (shu, “hand”) + 観音 (Kannon), calque of Sanskrit सहस्रभुजार्यावलोकितेश्वर (sahasrabhujāryāvalokiteśvara). The shu reading for 手 changes to ju as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The on reading for 音 changes to non as an instance of renjō (連声).

cal

सहस्रभुजार्यावलोकितेश्वर

(Buddhism) the Thousand-Handed Bodhisattva


観自在

ja-pos

観(かん)自(じ)在(ざい) • (Kanjizai) ^(←くわんじざい (Kwanzizai)?)

観自在 (canonical)
Kanjizai (romanization)
Kwanzizai (romanization)
くわんじざい (hiragana historical)

From a translation of Sanskrit अवलोकितेश्वर (Avalokiteśvara) in the Heart Sutra, rooted in Middle Chinese.
In the present form, 観 (kan, “see, observe”, from अवलोकित (avalokita), "beholding") + 自在 (jizai, from ईश्वर (īśvara), "supreme being").
Compare 観世音 (Kanzeon).

der

अवलोकितेश्वर

観自在菩薩 観自在菩薩#Japanese

(Buddhism) Short for 観自在菩薩 (Kanjizai Bosatsu, “Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva”).


文殊

Literary Chinese 文殊 (Wénshū), Sanskrit मञ्जुश्री (mañjuśrī)

文殊菩薩


普賢菩薩

普賢菩薩 (canonical)
Fugen Bosatsu (romanization)

From 普 (fu, “universal, wide”) + 賢 (ken, “clever, wise, worthy”) + 菩薩 (bosatsu, “bodhisattva”).
Fugen is a calque of Sanskrit समन्तभद्र (samantabhadra, literally “universally worthy”).

calque

(Buddhism) Samantabhadra, the bodhisattva of meditation

文殊菩薩

文殊菩薩 もんじゅぼさつ


観自在菩薩

ja-pos

観(かん)自(じ)在(ざい)菩(ぼ)薩(さつ) • (Kanjizai Bosatsu)

観自在菩薩 (canonical)
Kanjizai Bosatsu (romanization)

From 観自在 (kanjizai, literally, “observer of self at rest” or “lord of perception”) + 菩薩 (bosatsu, “bodhisattva”).

com

観自在菩薩。行深般若波羅蜜多時。照見五蘊皆空。度一切苦厄...
Kanjizai Bosatsu, gyō jin hannya haramitta ji, shōken goun kai kū, do issai kuyaku...
When the Perceiving Lord (Avalokiteśvara) bodhisattva went into the state of the perfection of wisdom (prajñāpāramitā), the five aggregates stood empty, transcending all suffering.

7th century CE, Shorter Prajñāpāramitā-hṛdaya Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)

観世音菩薩 観世音菩薩#Japanese

観世音菩薩

(Buddhism) Synonym of 観世音菩薩 (Kanzeon Bosatsu): Avalokiteshvara bodhisattva


観世音菩薩

ja-pos

^くわんぜおん ^ぼさつ

観(かん)世(ぜ)音(おん)菩(ぼ)薩(さつ) • (Kanzeon Bosatsu) ^(←くわんぜおんぼさつ (Kwanzeon Bosatu)?)

観世音菩薩 (canonical)
Kanzeon Bosatsu (romanization)
Kwanzeon Bosatu (romanization)
くわんぜおんぼさつ (hiragana historical)

From 観世音 (Kanzeon, literally “perceiver of the world's sounds”) + 菩薩 (bosatsu, “bodhisattva”).

com

妙法蓮華経観世音菩薩普門品第二十五

Myōhō Renge Kyō Kanzeon Bosatsu Fumonbon Dai-nijūgo

Lotus Sutra chapter 25: the Universal Gate of Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva

(Buddhism) Avalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva of compassion


持世菩薩

持世菩薩 (canonical)
Jise Bosatsu (romanization)

Compound of 持世 (jise, “having world”, likely a calque via Chinese of Sanskrit वसुधारा (vasudhārā, “having or containing wealth; earth, country”)) + 菩薩 (bosatsu, “bodhisattva”).

compound

likely a calque via Chinese of Sanskrit <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">वसुधारा</i> (vasudhārā, “having or containing wealth; earth, country”)

(Buddhism): Vasudhara, a female Buddhist bodhisattva representing wealth, prosperity, and abundance


普賢

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 普賢 (pʰuo^X ɦen, literally “Universally Worthy”), from Sanskrit समन्तभद्र (samantabhadra).

bor+

普賢菩薩

普賢大士


鬼子母神

ja-pos

鬼(き)子(し)母(も)神(じん) or 鬼(き)子(し)母(ぼ)神(じん) • (Kishimojin or Kishibojin)

鬼子母神 (canonical)
鬼子母神 (canonical)
Kishimojin (romanization)
Kishibojin (romanization)

[kʲi̥ɕimo̞ʑĩɴ]

[kʲi̥ɕibo̞ʑĩɴ]


摩利支天

摩利支天 (canonical)
Marishiten (romanization)

[ma̠ɾʲiɕi̥tẽ̞ɴ]