鉧

spongiform crude iron made from iron sand with the use of the tatara craftsmanship


鉛

Perhaps related to Goguryeo 乃勿 (*namur). Compare Korean 납 (nap).


鋼

鋼のように硬い。


銅

ja-noun

銅(どう) • (dō)

From Middle Chinese 銅 (MC duwng). Compare modern Min Nan reading tông, Wu don, Xiang dong².


銅

Compound of 赤 (aka, “red”) + 金 (kane, “metal”). The kane changes to gane as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.


銀

Hokkien language
Middle Chinese language

From Middle Chinese 銀 (MC ngin). Compare modern Hokkien reading gîn.

(sports, etc.) Short for 銀メダル (gin medaru): a silver medal


カリウム

[ka̠ɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]

Borrowed from New Latin kalium by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1837 in his book 舎密開宗 (Seimi Kaisō, “Introduction to Chemistry”). Later influenced by German Kalium.


ベリリウム

[be̞ɾʲiɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]

Beryllium
Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:ベリリウム
ja:松村明


リチウム

[ɾʲit͡ɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]

Borrowed from New Latin lithium by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1837 in his book 舎密開宗 (Seimi Kaisō, “Introduction to Chemistry”). Later influenced by German Lithium, English lithium.

Daijisen
Kōjien
Lithium
Shinmura Izuru
ja:リチウム
ja:松村明


マグネシウム

[ma̠ɡɯ̟ne̞ɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]

Named for the magnesium ore in talc found in the Magnesia region of Greece, as given by English chemist Davy in the first half of the 19th century


ナトリウム

[na̠to̞ɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]

Borrowed from German Natrium, from New Latin natrium.


アルミニウム

[a̠ɾɯ̟mʲiɲ̟iɯ̟mɯ̟]

Borrowed from British English aluminium.


カルシウム

[ka̠ɾɯ̟ɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]

From Dutch calcium or English calcium, from New Latin calcium.

calcium (chemical element of atomic number 20)


スカンジウム

[sɨ̥kã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ニッケル

[ɲ̟ik̚ke̞ɾɯ̟]


イットリウム

[it̚to̞ɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ジルコニウム

[d͡ʑiɾɯ̟ko̞ɲ̟iɯ̟mɯ̟]


テクネチウム

[te̞kɯ̟ne̞t͡ɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ストロンチウム

[sɨ̥to̞ɾõ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ルテニウム

[ɾɯ̟te̞ɲ̟iɯ̟mɯ̟]


ロジウム

rojiumu (romanization)
rodiumu (romanization)
ロヂウム (historical katakana)

[ɾo̞ʑiɯ̟mɯ̟]


モリブデン

[mo̞ɾʲibɯ̟dẽ̞ɴ]


ガリウム

[ɡa̠ɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]

From English gallium, from New Latin gallium.


ルビジウム

[ɾɯ̟bʲiʑiɯ̟mɯ̟]


クロム

クロム酸混液

potassium dichromate sulfuric acid solution


亜鉛

First appears in Japanese in the 1713 edition of the 和漢三才図会 (Wakan Sansai Zue, “Illustrated Sino-Japanese Encyclopedia”). Appears to be a Japanese coinage as 亜 (a, “next, sub-”) + 鉛 (en, “lead”, the metal), probably from the way that zinc is often found together with lead in ores. Probably influenced by early Hokkien 倭鉛／倭铅 (e-iân), early Mandarin 倭鉛／倭铅 (wōqiān, literally “Japanese lead”).


貴金属

貴金属 (canonical)
kikinzoku (romanization)

From 貴 (ki, “precious”) + 金属 (kinzoku, “metal”).


パラジウム

ja-noun

パラジウム • (parajiumu) ^(←パラヂウム (paradiumu)?)

parajiumu (romanization)
paradiumu (romanization)
パラヂウム (historical katakana)

[pa̠ɾa̠ʑiɯ̟mɯ̟]


セシウム

[se̞ɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]


カドミウム

Borrowed from New Latin cadmium by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1837 in his book 舎密開宗 (Seimi Kaisō, “Introduction to Chemistry”).


サマリウム

[sa̠ma̠ɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


セリウム

[se̞ɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ガドリニウム

[ɡa̠do̞ɾʲiɲ̟iɯ̟mɯ̟]


イッテルビウム

[it̚te̞ɾɯ̟bʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


エルビウム

[e̞ɾɯ̟bʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ツリウム

[t͡sɨɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


テルビウム

[te̞ɾɯ̟bʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ジスプロシウム

[d͡ʑisɨ̥pɯ̟ɾo̞ɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]


プラセオジム

[pɯ̟ɾa̠se̞o̞ʑimɯ̟]


プロメチウム

[pɯ̟ɾo̞me̞t͡ɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ハフニウム

[ha̠ɸɯ̟ɲ̟iɯ̟mɯ̟]


ルテチウム

[ɾɯ̟te̞t͡ɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]


タンタル

[tã̠nta̠ɾɯ̟]


タングステン

[tã̠ŋɡɯ̟sɨ̥tẽ̞ɴ]


コバルト

Cobalt
Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Udagawa Yōan
ja:コバルト
ja:松村明

Borrowed from Dutch kobalt. Already used by Udagawa Yōan in Seimi Kaisō (1837). Later influenced by German Kobalt, English cobalt.

ruby

􂀿以􂁀(イ)􂀿呂􂁀(ロ)􂀿波􂁀(ハ)

以(イ)呂(ロ)波(ハ)

􂀿箇􂁀(コ)􂀿拔􂁀(バ)􂀿爾􂁀(ル)􂀿丢􂁀(テュ)􂀿母􂁀(ム)

箇(コ)拔(バ)爾(ル)丢(テュ)母(ム)

􂀿格􂁀(コ)􂀿綸􂁀(リュム)􂀿彪􂁀(ビウ)􂀿母􂁀(ム)

格(コ)綸(リュム)彪(ビウ)母(ム)


インジウム

[ĩɲ̟d͡ʑiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ホルミウム

[ho̞ɾɯ̟mʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]

Daijirin Daijisen Holmium ja:ホルミウム ja:松村明


ユウロピウム

[jɯ̟ːɾo̞pʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


バリウム

[ba̠ɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]

Borrowed from New Latin barium by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1837 in his book 舎密開宗 (Seimi Kaisō, “Introduction to Chemistry”).


レニウム

[ɾe̞ɲ̟iɯ̟mɯ̟]


オスミウム

[o̞sɨmʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]

Borrowed from New Latin osmium by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1837 in his book 舎密開宗 (Seimi Kaisō, “Introduction to Chemistry”).


タリウム

[ta̠ɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


イリジウム

ja-noun

イリジウム • (irijiumu) ^(←イリヂウム (iridiumu)?)

irijiumu (romanization)
iridiumu (romanization)
イリヂウム (historical katakana)

[iɾʲiʑiɯ̟mɯ̟]

Borrowed from New Latin iridium by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1837 in his book 舎密開宗 (Seimi Kaisō, “Introduction to Chemistry”).


白金

Compound of 白 (shiro, “white”) + 金 (kin, “gold”). The use of the kun'yomi for the first character and the on'yomi for the second character points to a more recent derivation.


水銀

From Middle Chinese compound 水銀 (MC sywijX ngin, literally “water (i.e. liquid) silver”). Compare modern Mandarin 水銀／水银 (shuǐyín).

zh-l

水銀／水银 (shuǐyín)

水銀汚染

mercury pollution, mercury contamination

水銀硬膏

a hard mercury-based ointment or plaster

水銀柱

mercury in a thermometer, as a metaphor for the temperature

水銀軟膏

a soft mercury-based ointment or plaster

水銀粉

a kind of white face powder made from mercury, used in ancient times


水銀

ja-noun

水(みず)銀(がね) • (mizugane) ^(←みづがね (midugane)?)

水銀 (canonical)
mizugane (romanization)
midugane (romanization)
みづがね (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese. Compound of 水 (mizu, “water”) + 銀 (kane, “metal, silver”). The kane changes to gane as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō Japanese dictionary of 938 CE as mizukane, suggesting that the shift to rendaku is more recent.
Obsolete in modern Japanese.

compound

(chemistry, obsolete) mercury; quicksilver


フランシウム

[ɸɯ̟ɾã̠ɰ̃ɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ラジウム

[ɾa̠ʑiɯ̟mɯ̟]


プルトニウム

[pɯ̟ɾɯ̟to̞ɲ̟iɯ̟mɯ̟]


アクチニウム

[a̠kɯ̟̊t͡ɕiɲ̟iɯ̟mɯ̟]


ネプツニウム

[ne̞pɯ̟̊t͡sɨɲ̟iɯ̟mɯ̟]


プラチナ

Borrowed from either Dutch platina, or from Spanish platina.
Replaced by the term 白金 (hakkin) in science.

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:NHK出版
ja:NHK放送文化研究所
ja:松村明


ステンレス・スティール

[sɨtẽ̞n̺ɾe̞sɨ sɨtʲiːɾɯ̟]


ステンレススチール

[sɨtẽ̞n̺ɾe̞sɨ sɨt͡ɕiːɾɯ̟]


合金

ja-noun

合(ごう)金(きん) • (gōkin) ^(←がふきん (gafukin)?)

合金 (canonical)
gōkin (romanization)
gafukin (romanization)
がふきん (hiragana historical)

2004 January 10, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “第(だい)１(いち)話(わ) 新(あたら)しい命(いのち) [Chapter 1: A New Life]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 1, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:

Kakugane! Made of an extraordinary alloy refined with the essence of alchemy.

〝核鉄〟！〝錬金術〟の粋を集めて精製された超常の合金————

〝Kakugane〟!〝Renkinjutsu〟no sui o atsumete seisei sareta chōjō no gōkin————

an alloy (metal combined of two or more elements)


黄金

黄金 (canonical)
ōgon (romanization)
waugon (romanization)
わうごん (hiragana historical)

/wau komʉ/ → /wauɡomʉ/ → /wauɡon/ → /wɔːɡoɴ/ → /oːɡoɴ/
From Middle Chinese 黃金 (MC hwang kim, “yellow + metal”).
Compare modern Cantonese wong⁴ gam¹.

money, more specifically the large 大判 (ōban) gold coins formerly used in Japan


黄金

Shift from Old Japanese 黃金 (kugane).
Equivalent to a compound of 黄 (ko, combining form of ki, “yellow(-coloured)”) + 金 (kane, “metal”). The kane changes to gane as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

com

Short for 黄金色 (kogane iro): gold as a colour

Short for 黄金の泥 (kogane no dei): powdered gold suspended in a base and used as paint


黄金

Compound of 黄 (ki, “yellow(-coloured)”) + 金 (kane, “metal”).
The kane changes to gane as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

(rare) money, often referring more specifically to the large 大判 (ōban) or smaller 小判 (koban) gold coins formerly used in Japan


鋼鉄

ja-noun

鋼(こう)鉄(てつ) • (kōtetsu) ^(←かうてつ (kautetu)?)

鋼鉄 (canonical)
kōtetsu (romanization)
kautetu (romanization)
かうてつ (hiragana historical)

1999 May 27, “鋼(こう)鉄(てつ)の巨(きょ)神(しん)像(ぞう) [Giant Steel Idol]”, in Vol.3, Konami:

A giant steel idol that is said to be worshiped in the land of the machines.

機械の国にまつられているという、鋼鉄の巨神像。

Kikai no kuni ni matsurareteiru to iu, kōtetsu no kyoshinzō.

Synonym of 鋼 (hagane, “steel”) (metal produced from iron)


アメリシウム

[a̠me̞ɾʲiɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ハッシウム

[ha̠ɕːiɯ̟mɯ̟]


シーボーギウム

シーボーギウム • (shībōgiumu)

[ɕiːbo̞ːɡʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


バークリウム

[ba̠ːkɯ̟ɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


キュリウム

[kʲɨɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


プロトアクチニウム

[pɯ̟ɾo̞to̞a̠kɯ̟̊t͡ɕiɲ̟iɯ̟mɯ̟]

ja:プロトアクチニウム


トリウム

[to̞ɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


メンデレビウム

[mẽ̞nde̞ɾe̞bʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ノーベリウム

[no̞ːbe̞ɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ローレンシウム

[ɾo̞ːɾẽ̞ɰ̃ɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ボーリウム

[bo̞ːɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ドブニウム

[do̞bɯ̟ɲ̟iɯ̟mɯ̟]


フェルミウム

[ɸe̞ɾɯ̟mʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


カリホルニウム

[ka̠ɾʲiho̞ɾɯ̟ɲ̟iɯ̟mɯ̟]


アインスタイニウム

[a̠ĩɰ̃sɨ̥ta̠iɲ̟iɯ̟mɯ̟]

ja:アインスタイニウム


レントゲニウム

[ɾẽ̞nto̞ɡe̞ɲ̟iɯ̟mɯ̟]


なんこう

なんこう • (nankō)


原子力発電所

げんしりょく はつでんしょ

原(げん)子(し)力(りょく)発(はつ)電(でん)所(しょ) • (genshiryoku hatsudensho)

原子力発電所 (canonical)
genshiryoku hatsudensho (romanization)

げんしりょくはつでんしょ

げんしりょくはつでんしょ

げんしりょくはつでんしょ

[ɡẽ̞ɰ̃ɕiɾʲo̞kɯ̟ ha̠t͡sɨdẽ̞ɰ̃ɕo̞]

From 原(げん)子(し)力(りょく) (genshiryoku, “nuclear power; atomic power”) + 発(はつ)電(でん)所(しょ) (hatsudensho, “power plant”) or 原(げん)子(し)力(りょく)発(はつ)電(でん) (genshiryoku hatsuden, “nuclear power generation”) + 所(しょ) (-sho, “place”).

ja-compound

げん%し%りょく %はつ%でん


マーキュリー

ja-pos

マーキュリー • (Mākyurī)

[ma̠ːkʲɨɾʲiː]

Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:マーキュリー
ja:松村明

2004 July 20 [2003 September 22], Naoko Takeuchi, “Act(アクト) 2(ツー) 亜(あ)美(み) SAILOR(セーラー)MERCURY(マーキュリー) [Act 2: Ami: SAILOR MERCURY]”, in 美少女戦士(Pretty Guardian)セーラームーン(SAILORMOON) [Sailor Moon], 5th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 79:

The warrior of water and wisdom under Mercury, Sailor Mercury! I’ve been searching for you!

水と知性の戦士 水星の守護を受けし者セーラーマーキュリー！さがしてたわ！あなたを

Mizu to chisei no senshi Mākyurī no shugo o ukeshimono Sērā Mākyurī! Sagashiteta wa! Anata o

(rare) Synonym of 水星 (Suisei, “Mercury”) (planet)


マーキュリー

ja-noun

マーキュリー • (mākyurī)

[ma̠ːkʲɨɾʲiː]

(rare) Synonym of 水銀 (suigin, “mercury”)


鍛冶

鍛冶 (canonical)
kaji (romanization)
kadi (romanization)
かぢ (hiragana historical)

⟨kana uti⟩ → ⟨kanuti⟩ → */kaᶮdi/ → /kad͡ʑi/ → /kaʑi/
Shift from Old Japanese 鍛 (kanuti, modern pronunciation kanuchi, literally “forging, smithing”), equivalent to a compound of 金 (kana, ancient combining form of kane, “metal”) + 打ち (uchi, “striking”).
The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 鍛冶／锻冶 (duànyě).

鍛冶橋狩野

Kajibashi Kanō, one of the four Kanō schools in the Edo Period, founded by Kanō Tan'yū

鍛冶橋門

Kajibashi Mon, one of the gates in the Edo city walls

鍛冶町

Kajichō, placename in Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo; from land gifted to noted smiths in the Edo period

鍛冶被

cleaning cloth folded in half twice and worn on the head by a smith while working

鍛冶の明日に紺屋の明後日

kaji no ashita ni kon'ya no asatte, metaphor for someone who makes promises easily but always breaks them

a smith's tomorrow, but a dyer's day after tomorrow

(historical) Short for 鍛冶司 (kaji no tsukasa): the official imperial court metalsmith or overseer of metalsmiths in the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of ancient Japan


鍍金

鍍金 (canonical)
鍍金 (canonical)
mekki (romanization)

Alteration of 滅金 (metsukin, “gold-mercury amalgam used in plating”).


鋳鉄

[t͡ɕɨːte̞t͡sɨ]


黄銅

黄銅 (canonical)
ōdō (romanization)
waudou (romanization)
わうどう (hiragana historical)


黄銅

ja-noun

黄(こう)銅(どう) • (kōdō) ^(←くわうどう (kwaudou)?)

黄銅 (canonical)
kōdō (romanization)
kwaudou (romanization)
くわうどう (hiragana historical)


ダームスタチウム

[da̠ːmɯ̟sɨ̥ta̠t͡ɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]


軽銀

Min Nan: 輕銀／轻银 (khin-gîn, khin-gûn), 輕銀仔／轻银仔 (khin-gîn-á, khin-gûn-á)


忍石

忍石 (canonical)
shinobuishi (romanization)

(crystallography, metallurgy) dendrite (crystal)


コペルニシウム

[ko̞pe̞ɾɯ̟ɲ̟iɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]


フレロビウム

[ɸɯ̟ɾe̞ɾo̞bʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ラザホージウム

[ɾa̠za̠ho̞ːʑiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ホワイトゴールド

[ho̞β̞a̠ito̞ ɡo̞ːɾɯ̟do̞]

white gold (precious metal alloy consisting of gold and a platinum group metal)


アルカリ金属

アルカリ金属 (canonical)
arukari kinzoku (romanization)

[a̠ɾɯ̟ka̠ɾʲi kʲĩnd͡zo̞kɯ̟]

アルカリ (arukari, “alkali”) + 金属 (kinzoku, “metal”)


アルカリ土類金属

ja-noun

アルカリ どるい きんぞく

アルカリ土(ど)類(るい)金(きん)属(ぞく) • (arukari dorui kinzoku)

アルカリ土類金属 (canonical)
arukari dorui kinzoku (romanization)

アルカリ (arukari, “alkali”) + 土 (do, “soil”) + 類 (-rui, “type”) + 金属 (kinzoku, “metal”)

af

alkaline earth metal
alkaline earth metal


黒金

[ko̞k̚ʲkʲĩɴ]


ニエロ

Internationalism, ultimately from Italian niello; see English niello.


冶金学

冶金学 (canonical)
yakingaku (romanization)

[ja̠kʲĩŋɡa̠kɯ̟]

From 冶金 (yakin, “metallurgy”) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy”).


滅金

滅金 (canonical)
滅金 (canonical)
mekki (romanization)


卑金属

卑金属 (canonical)
hikinzoku (romanization)


洋銀

洋銀 (canonical)
yōgin (romanization)
yaugin (romanization)
やうぎん (hiragana historical)


ステンレス

[sɨ̥tẽ̞n̺ɾe̞sɨ]


鍛える

ja-verb

鍛(きた)える • (kitaeru) transitive ichidan (stem 鍛(きた)え (kitae), past 鍛(きた)えた (kitaeta))

鍛える (canonical)
kitaeru (romanization)
鍛え (stem)
鍛えた (past)
鍛え
きたえ
kitae
鍛える
きたえる
kitaeru
鍛えれ
きたえれ
kitaere
鍛えよ (imperative literary)
鍛えろ (colloquial imperative)
きたえよ (imperative literary)
きたえろ (colloquial imperative)
kitaeyo (imperative literary)
kitaero (colloquial imperative)
鍛えられる (passive)
きたえられる (passive)
kitaerareru (passive)
鍛えさせる (causative)
鍛えさす (causative)
きたえさせる (causative)
きたえさす (causative)
kitaesaseru (causative)
kitaesasu (causative)
鍛えられる (potential)
鍛えれる (colloquial potential)
きたえられる (potential)
きたえれる (colloquial potential)
kitaerareru (potential)
kitaereru (colloquial potential)
鍛えよう (volitional)
きたえよう (volitional)
kitaeyō (volitional)
鍛えない (negative)
鍛えぬ (negative)
鍛えん (negative)
きたえない (negative)
きたえぬ (negative)
きたえん (negative)
kitaenai (negative)
kitaenu (negative)
kitaen (negative)
鍛えず (continuative negative)
きたえず (continuative negative)
kitaezu (continuative negative)
鍛えます (formal)
きたえます (formal)
kitaemasu (formal)
鍛えた (perfective)
きたえた (perfective)
kitaeta (perfective)
鍛えて (conjunctive)
きたえて (conjunctive)
kitaete (conjunctive)
鍛えれば (conditional hypothetical)
きたえれば (conditional hypothetical)
kitaereba (conditional hypothetical)

[kʲi̥ta̠e̞ɾɯ̟]


ナゲット

From English nugget. Compare チキン・ナゲット (chikin nagetto, “chicken nugget”).

ja-r

1997, Saito Takako, Sanbyaku rokujū-roku nichi tanjō seki no hon [Book of 366 birthday stones], page 213:

Gold itself as a gold nugget may be a symbolically meaningful gift.

金そのもののゴールド・ナゲットは象徴的なプレゼントといえるかもしれません。

Kin sono mono no gōrudo nagetto wa shōchōteki na purezento toieru kamoshiremasen.

a small piece of precious metal, (especially) a gold nugget

2014, Miyazawa Mari, Miyazawa Mari no waku-waku oe-kaiki obentō [Mari Miyazawa’s exciting picture box lunches], page 79:

Just put it in as it is for a very cute heart-shaped nugget, but with a little arranging it becomes a one-of-a-kind box lunch!

そのまま入れてもとってもかわいい星型ナゲットですが、ちょっとアレンジすると、世界にひとつだけのお弁当に変身です!

Sono mama irete mo tottemo kawaii hoshigata nagetto desu ga, chotto arenji suru to, sekai ni hitotsu dake no o-bentō ni henshin desu!

a small piece of meat or other food, (especially) a chicken nugget


金塊

gold nugget, gold ingot, gold bar, gold bullion