ヘブライ文字

ヘブライ文字 (canonical)
Heburai moji (romanization)

ヘブライ (Heburai, “Hebrew”) + 文字 (moji, “writing system”)


意味論

Korean: 의미론 (uimiron)

Combination of 意味 (imi, “meaning”) + 論 (-ron, “theory”).

suffix

semantics (as a field of study), semasiology

Daijirin Daijisen Semantics ja:意味論 ja:松村明


1905, https://web.archive.org/web/20201203234251/http://www.meijigakuin.ac.jp/mgda/waei/topics/jokun.html
和英字典ノ著者「ジェー、シー、ヘボン」ガ多年我國ニ在リ文化ノ進歩ニ貢献シタル所多キハ勿論
The author of the Japanese-English dictionary, J. C. Hepburn, has stayed at our country for many years, and it goes without saying that he has made much contribution to the advancement of our culture…

日本海軍、市丸海軍少将、書ヲ「フランクリン ルーズベルト」君ニ致ス。

Rear Admiral R. Ichimaru of the Japanese Navy sends this note to Franklin Roosevelt.

(obsolete) In kanji-katakana mixed writing before World War II, encloses 外来語 (gairaigo, “foreign loanwords”) written in katakana to mark them apart from ordinary katakana portions of the text.


檸檬（れもん）
檸檬 (remon)

Used as a plaintext fallback of ruby: encloses a regular or traditional pronunciation to kanji (sometimes other types of words, e.g. katakana in parentheses following an English word) that the readers may not necessarily know how to read.

親友（ライバル）

Used as a plaintext fallback of ruby: encloses an invented reading or a pronunciation borrowed from another language, which follows usually but not necessarily a kanji word, to conveys the word's deeper or second meaning (see 義(ぎ)訓(くん) (gikun)).

(Internet slang, with no content inside) Used to censor vulgar, profane or sensitive words or characters. A formal way to censor words in Japanese is using × or ○ instead. Compare 自主規制 in Japanese and x in Latin alphabet.

それは無理だ（w

(Internet slang) Added to the end of a message, with short text inside (the right parenthesis is optional), as a sort of tone indicator.

(Internet slang, by extension, with no content inside) Added to the end of a message to indicate a lighthearted or joking tone (the right parenthesis is optional),.


邦訳

邦訳する (canonical)
hōyaku suru (romanization)
fauyaku (romanization)
邦訳し (stem)
邦訳した (past)
邦訳し
ほうやくし
hōyaku shi
邦訳する
ほうやくする
hōyaku suru
邦訳すれ
ほうやくすれ
hōyaku sure
邦訳せよ (imperative literary)
邦訳しろ (colloquial imperative)
ほうやくせよ (imperative literary)
ほうやくしろ (colloquial imperative)
hōyaku seyo (imperative literary)
hōyaku shiro (colloquial imperative)
邦訳される (passive)
ほうやくされる (passive)
hōyaku sareru (passive)
邦訳させる (causative)
邦訳さす (causative)
ほうやくさせる (causative)
ほうやくさす (causative)
hōyaku saseru (causative)
hōyaku sasu (causative)
邦訳できる (potential)
ほうやくできる (potential)
hōyaku dekiru (potential)
邦訳しよう (volitional)
ほうやくしよう (volitional)
hōyaku shiyō (volitional)
邦訳しない (negative)
ほうやくしない (negative)
hōyaku shinai (negative)
邦訳せず (continuative negative)
ほうやくせず (continuative negative)
hōyaku sezu (continuative negative)
邦訳します (formal)
ほうやくします (formal)
hōyaku shimasu (formal)
邦訳した (perfective)
ほうやくした (perfective)
hōyaku shita (perfective)
邦訳して (conjunctive)
ほうやくして (conjunctive)
hōyaku shite (conjunctive)
邦訳すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ほうやくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
hōyaku sureba (conditional hypothetical)


方言学

ja-noun

方(ほう)言(げん)学(がく) • (hōgengaku) ^(←はうげんがく (faugengaku)?)

方言学 (canonical)
hōgengaku (romanization)
faugengaku (romanization)
はうげんがく (hiragana historical)

[ho̞ːɡẽ̞ŋɡa̠kɯ̟]

方言 (hōgen, “dialect”) + 学 (-gaku, “-graphy; -logy”)


波ダッシュ

波ダッシュ (canonical)
namidasshu (romanization)


ゆめおち

ゆめおち (canonical)
ゆめオチ (canonical)
yumeochi (romanization)

(fiction) Revealing that the a story was all part of a dream; the "it was all a dream" ending.


アンダーバー

ja-noun

アンダーバー • (andābā)


慣用語

慣(かん)用(よう)語(ご) • (kan'yōgo) ^(←くわにょうご (kwanyougo)?)

慣用語 (canonical)
kan'yōgo (romanization)
kwanyougo (romanization)
くわにょうご (hiragana historical)

[kã̠ɰ̃jo̞ːɡo̞]


(ry

(Internet slang, often humorous) Used to abbreviate words or sentences when the rest is implicitly known.


うけ

→ English: uke

→ Chinese: 受 (semantic loan)

ideographic comma
ideographic comma#English

ideographic full stop
ideographic full stop#English

受け: (typography, of a punctuation mark) the state of being a mark with an 空き (aki) after it, such as the closing parenthesis ）, the closing quotation mark 」, the ideographic comma 、 or the ideographic full stop 。


閩東語

閩(びん)東(とう)語(ご) or 閩東語(ミントンご) • (bintōgo or mintongo)

閩東語 (canonical)
閩東語 (canonical)
bintōgo (romanization)
mintongo (romanization)

[mʲĩntõ̞ŋɡo̞]

Eastern Min; Min Dong (branch of Chinese widely spoken in and around Fuzhou)


ごげんがく

語源学: etymology (study of the historical development of languages, particularly of individual words)


語義

語義 (canonical)
gogi (romanization)
ごぎ (hiragana historical)

(linguistics) sense, meaning of words; semantics


簡化字

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 簡化字／简化字 (jiǎnhuàzì).

zh-l

簡化字／简化字 (jiǎnhuàzì)

Simplified Chinese character(s); Simplified Chinese

規範字

standardized Chinese characters that are used to write Simplified Chinese (whether simplified or not)


疑問文

[ɡʲimõ̞mbɯ̟̃ɴ]

(grammar) interrogative sentence; question


リエゾン

Daijirin
Daijisen
Liaison (French)
ja:リエゾン
ja:松村明

連音

note: this term includes a broader range of meanings than リエゾン

(linguistics) liaison: the pronunciation of a word-final consonant due to a following vowel sound in French


音位転換

ja-noun

音(おん)位(い)転(てん)換(かん) • (on'itenkan) ^(←おんゐてんくわん (on'witenkwan)?)

音位転換 (canonical)
on'itenkan (romanization)
on'witenkwan (romanization)
おんゐてんくわん (hiragana historical)

[õ̞ɰ̃itẽ̞ŋkã̠ɴ]

(phonetics, prosody) metathesis (the transposition of letters, syllables or sounds within a word)


セリフ

(typography, of Latin, Greek or Cyrillic type) a serif


文選

[bɯ̟̃ɰ̃sẽ̞ɴ]

文 (“literature; text”) + 選 (“selection; picking”)

suf

Holonym: 組版

Coordinate term: 植字

文選工

(typography) type picking (historically, the picking of movable type for later typesetting)


文選

文選する (canonical)
bunsen suru (romanization)
文選し (stem)
文選した (past)

[bɯ̟̃ɰ̃sẽ̞ɴ]


反切

[hã̠ɰ̃se̞t͡sɨ]


クレオール

[kɯ̟ɾe̞o̞ːɾɯ̟]

From English Creole, creole, from French créole, from Spanish criollo, from Portuguese crioulo.

a Creole (descendant of white settlers born in colonized country)

a creole (lect formed from two languages)


辞彙

辞彙 (canonical)
jii (romanization)
ziwi (romanization)
じゐ (hiragana historical)


恋文

ja-noun

恋(こい)文(ぶみ) • (koibumi) ^(←こひぶみ (kofibumi)?)

恋文 (canonical)
koibumi (romanization)
kofibumi (romanization)
こひぶみ (hiragana historical)

From 恋 (koi, “love”) + 文 (fumi > bumi, “writing”).


琉歌

琉歌 (canonical)
ryūka (romanization)
riuka (romanization)
りうか (hiragana historical)


活字書体

活字書体 (canonical)
katsujishotai (romanization)


接頭語

(linguistic morphology) Synonym of 接頭辞 (settōji, “prefix”)


接尾語

接尾語 (canonical)
setsubigo (romanization)

(linguistic morphology) Synonym of 接尾辞 (setsubiji, “suffix”)


バルト語派

バルト語派 (canonical)
Baruto goha (romanization)


ケルト語派

ケルト語派 (canonical)
Keruto goha (romanization)


イタリック語派

イタリック語派 (canonical)
Itarikku goha (romanization)


オーストラリア諸語

ja-pos

^オーストラリア しょご

オーストラリア諸語 (canonical)
Ōsutoraria shogo (romanization)

[o̞ːsɨ̥to̞ɾa̠ɾʲia̠ ɕo̞ɡo̞]

ja:オーストラリア諸語


インド・ヨーロッパ語族

インド・ヨーロッパごぞく

インド・ヨーロッパ語(ご)族(ぞく) • (Indo Yōroppagozoku)

インド・ヨーロッパ語族 (canonical)
Indo Yōroppagozoku (romanization)

インド (Indo, “India”) + ヨーロッパ (Yōroppa, “Europe”) + 語族 (gozoku, “language family”)

com

ja:インド・ヨーロッパ語族


スラブ語派

スラブ語派 (canonical)
Surabu goha (romanization)

[sɨɾa̠bɯ̟ ɡo̞ha̠]

スラヴ語派 スラヴ語派#Japanese


スラヴ語派

スラヴ語派 (canonical)
Suravu goha (romanization)

[sɨɾa̠bɯ̟ ɡo̞ha̠]


ゲルマン語派

ゲルマン語派 (canonical)
Geruman goha (romanization)

[ɡe̞ɾɯ̟ma̠ŋ ɡo̞ha̠]


ロマンス諸語

ロマンス諸語 (canonical)
Romansu shogo (romanization)

[ɾo̞mã̠ɰ̃sɨ̥ ɕo̞ɡo̞]


オーストロネシア語族

ja-pos

^オーストロネシア ごぞく

オーストロネシア語(ご)族(ぞく) • (Ōsutoroneshia gozoku)

オーストロネシア語族 (canonical)
Ōsutoroneshia gozoku (romanization)

[o̞ːsɨ̥to̞ɾo̞ne̞ɕia̠ ɡo̞zo̞kɯ̟]

オーストロネシア (Ōsutoroneshia, “Austronesia”) + 語族 (gozoku, “language family”)

com

ja:オーストロネシア語族


オーストロアジア語族

ja-pos

^オーストロアジア ごぞく

オーストロアジア語(ご)族(ぞく) • (Ōsutoroajia gozoku)

オーストロアジア語族 (canonical)
Ōsutoroajia gozoku (romanization)

[o̞ːsɨ̥to̞ɾo̞a̠ʑia̠ ɡo̞zo̞kɯ̟]

ja:オーストロアジア語族


長編小説

ja-noun

長(ちょう)編(へん)小(しょう)説(せつ) • (chōhen shōsetsu) ^(←ちやうへんせうせつ (tyaufenseusetu)?)

長編小説 (canonical)
chōhen shōsetsu (romanization)
tyaufenseusetu (romanization)
ちやうへんせうせつ (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕo̞ːhe̞ɰ̃ ɕo̞ːse̞t͡sɨ]


色鉛筆

色鉛筆 (canonical)
iroenpitsu (romanization)

色 (iro, “color”) + 鉛筆 (enpitsu, “pencil”)


吹き出し

吹き出し (canonical)
fukidashi (romanization)


綴り

連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 綴(つづ)る (tsuzuru).

ja-etym-renyokei

あなたの名前の綴りを教えてください。

Anata no namae no tsuzuri o oshiete kudasai.


4コマ漫画

ja-noun

4(よん)コマ漫(まん)画(が) or 4(よん)コマ漫画(まんが) or 4(よん)コマ漫画(マンガ) • (yon-koma manga or yonkomamanga) ^(←よんこままんぐわ (yonkomamangwa)?)

4コマ漫画 (canonical)
4コマ漫画 (canonical)
4コマ漫画 (canonical)
yon-koma manga (romanization)
yonkomamanga (romanization)
yonkomamangwa (romanization)
よんこままんぐわ (hiragana historical)

[jõ̞ŋko̞ma̠ mã̠ŋɡa̠]

Compound of 四 (yon, “four”) + 齣 (koma, “frame”) + 漫画 (manga, “comic”).


和製漢語

和製漢語 (canonical)
wasei kango (romanization)

[β̞a̠se̞ː kã̠ŋɡo̞]

和製 (wasei, “Japanese-made”) + 漢語 (kango, “Japanese word of Chinese origin”)

com

Japanese-made Chinese-character-based words, wasei kango


フェルトペン

[ɸe̞ɾɯ̟to̞ pẽ̞ɴ]


文献学

文献学 (canonical)
bunkengaku (romanization)

[bɯ̟̃ŋkẽ̞ŋɡa̠kɯ̟]

文献 (bunken, “literature; documents”) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy; -graphy”), perhaps calque of German Philologie.

suf

Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:文献学
ja:松村明


レア

ja:レア
ja:レア (旧約聖書)


ライトノベル

→ Chinese:

Mandarin: 輕小說／轻小说 (qīngxiǎoshuō) (calque)

→ English: light novel (calque)

→ Korean: 라이트 노벨 (raiteu nobel)

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from light + novel


ダビデ

2001 March 10 [1998 December 16], Motohiro Katou, “ミネルヴァの梟(ふくろう) [Owl of Minerva]”, in Ｑ(キュー).Ｅ(イー).Ｄ(ディー). 証(しょう)明(めい)終(しゅう)了(りょう) [Q.E.D. Quod Erat Demonstrandum], 9th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 102:

For example, the king of spades is King David of Israel

例えばスペードのＫはイスラエルのダビデ王

Tatoeba supēdo no kingu wa Isuraeru no Dabide Ō


分注

ja-noun

分(ぶん)注(ちゅう) • (bunchū) ^(←ぶんちゆう (buntyuu)?)

分注 (canonical)
bunchū (romanization)
buntyuu (romanization)
ぶんちゆう (hiragana historical)

[bɯ̟̃ɲ̟t͡ɕɨː]

(typography) a block of small-sized text, used as a note and placed right next to the word or phrase which it clarifies


禁則処理

禁則処理 (canonical)
kinsoku shori (romanization)

[kʲĩɰ̃so̞kɯ̟̊ ɕo̞ɾʲi]

禁則 (kinsoku, “rules that prohibit”) + 処理 (shori, “processing”)

af

(typography) a set of typographic rules as to how certain characters are not allowed at the start or end of a line during line breaking, for example, a start quote 「 is not allowed at the end of a line, an end quote 」, full stop 。 or small kana ぁ is not allowed at the start, etc.

Line breaking rules in East Asian languages


圏点

圏 (“circle; enclosure”) + 点 (“dot; point”), specifically an unfilled circle (◦ or ○).

suf

1905 June, 黃山 片岡, “半濁音の符 [Noting Semi-Muddy Sounds]”, in 黃山著作集, Saitama: Suharaya, page 26:

A ‘semi-muddy sound’ is noted by attaching a circle (゜) to the right shoulder of a kana, as seen in the following examples,

半濁音は、假字の右肩に一箇の圈點（゜）を附して、半濁音の符となす、次ぎの例を見る可し、

Handakuon wa, kana no migikata ni ikko no kenten () o fushite, handakuon no fu to nasu, tsugi no rei o miru beshi,

(obsolete, orthography) Synonym of 半濁点 (handakuten)

(typography) an emphasis point, a dot or similar mark attached to a character to display emphasis


智天使

智天使 (canonical)
chitenshi (romanization)


熾天使

熾天使 (canonical)
shitenshi (romanization)


上海語

上海語 (canonical)
Shanhai-go (romanization)

[ɕã̠ɰ̃ha̠iɡo̞]

上海 (Shanhai, “Shanghai”) + 語 (-go, “language”)


夕刊

ja-noun

夕(ゆう)刊(かん) • (yūkan) ^(←ゆふかん (yufukan)?) (counter 部)

夕刊 (canonical)
yūkan (romanization)
yufukan (romanization)
部 (counter)
ゆふかん (hiragana historical)

evening paper (newspaper that arrives in the evening)


四十

四十 (canonical)
shijū (romanization)
sizifu (romanization)
しじふ (hiragana historical)

[jõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨː]


四十

ja-pos

四(よん)十(じゅう) • (yonjū) ^(←よんじふ (yonzifu)?)

四十 (canonical)
yonjū (romanization)
yonzifu (romanization)
よんじふ (hiragana historical)

[jõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨː]


四十

[jõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨː]


四十

四十 (canonical)
yosoji (romanization)
yosodi (romanization)
よそぢ (hiragana historical)

[jõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨː]


申命記

申命記 (canonical)
Shinmeiki (romanization)

[ɕĩmːe̞ːkʲi]

Holonym: モーセ五書


転呼音

(linguistics) sound shifts from Old Japanese to Modern Japanese, especially those which are preserved in historical kana usage.


士師

士師記


伝道の書

伝(でん)道(どう)の書(しょ) • (Dendō no Sho) ^(←でんだうのしよ (Dendaunosyo)?)

伝道の書 (canonical)
Dendō no Sho (romanization)
Dendaunosyo (romanization)
でんだうのしよ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 伝道 (dendō, “preaching”) + の (no, “possessive particle”) + 書 (sho, “writing”).


古ノルド語

古ノルド語 (canonical)
Ko-Norudo-go (romanization)

古 (ko-, “old”) + ノルド語 (Norudo-go, “Nordic languages”)


マーカーペン

ja-noun

マーカーペン • (mākā pen)


吃驚マーク

吃驚(びっくり)マーク or 吃驚(ビックリ)マーク • (bikkuri māku)

吃驚マーク (canonical)
吃驚マーク (canonical)
bikkuri māku (romanization)

吃驚 (bikkuri, “surprise”) + マーク (māku, “mark”)


パーレン

ja-noun

パーレン • (pāren)

Shortened from German Parenthese. Compare English paren.

a parenthesis (either of a pair of brackets ( ))


角括弧

角(かく)括(かっ)弧(こ) or 角(かく)括(がっ)弧(こ) • (kakukakko or kakugakko) ^(←かくくわつこ (kakukwatuko) or かくぐわつこ (kakugwatuko)?)

角括弧 (canonical)
角括弧 (canonical)
kakukakko (romanization)
kakugakko (romanization)
kakukwatuko (romanization)
kakugwatuko (romanization)
かくくわつこ (hiragana historical)
かくぐわつこ (hiragana historical)

角 (kaku, “corner”) + 括弧 (kakko, “bracket”)


鉤括弧

ja-noun

鉤(かぎ)括(かっ)弧(こ) • (kagikakko) ^(←かぎくわつこ (kagikwatuko)?)

鉤括弧 (canonical)
kagikakko (romanization)
kagikwatuko (romanization)
かぎくわつこ (hiragana historical)

鉤 (kagi, “hook”) + 括弧 (kakko, “bracket”)

compound

a corner bracket, either of the pair of brackets 「」, serving as a quotation mark in Chinese and Japanese orthography


丸括弧

ja-noun

丸(まる)括(かっ)弧(こ) • (marukakko) ^(←まるくわつこ (marukwatuko)?)

丸括弧 (canonical)
marukakko (romanization)
marukwatuko (romanization)
まるくわつこ (hiragana historical)

丸 (maru, “round”) + 括弧 (kakko, “bracket”)

compound

a parenthesis; a bracket (either of a pair of brackets ( ))


山括弧

ja-noun

山括弧(やまがっこ) • (yamagakko) ^(←やまくわつこ (yamakwatuko)?)

山括弧 (canonical)
yamagakko (romanization)
yamakwatuko (romanization)
やまくわつこ (hiragana historical)

山 (yama, “mountain”) + 括弧 (kakko, “bracket”)


The ideographical full stop (。) repeated thrice. Compare the ellipsis ([…]).


前編

[d͡zẽ̞mpẽ̞ɴ]


大辞林

Daijirin (a comprehensive single-volume Japanese dictionary first published in 1988)


カナダ英語

カナダ英語 (canonical)
Kanada Eigo (romanization)

カナダ (Kanada, “Canada”) + 英語 (Eigo, “English language”)


イギリス英語

イギリス英語 (canonical)
Igirisu Eigo (romanization)

イギリス (Igirisu, “Britain”) + 英語 (Eigo, “English language”)


インド英語

インド (Indo, “India”) + 英語 (Eigo, “English language”)


オーストラリア英語

オーストラリア英語 (canonical)
Ōsutoraria Eigo (romanization)

オーストラリア (Ōsutoraria, “Australia”) + 英語 (Eigo, “English language”)

ja:オーストラリア英語


スコットランド英語

スコットランド英語 (canonical)
Sukottorando Eigo (romanization)

スコットランド (Sukottorando, “Britain”) + 英語 (Eigo, “English language”)

ja:スコットランド英語


フィリピン英語

フィリピン英語 (canonical)
Firipin Eigo (romanization)

フィリピン (Firipin, “Philippines”) + 英語 (Eigo, “English language”)


ニュージーランド英語

ja-pos

ニュー ジーランド えいご

ニュージーランド英語 (canonical)
Nyū Jīrando Eigo (romanization)

ニュージーランド (Nyū Jīrando, “New Zealand”) + 英語 (Eigo, “English language”)

compound

ja:ニュージーランド英語


スコットランド語

スコットランド語 (canonical)
Sukottorandogo (romanization)

スコットランド (Sukottorando, “Scotland”) + 語 (-go, “language”)


スコットランド・ゲール語

ja-noun

^スコットランド・^ゲール-ご

スコットランド・ゲール語(ご) • (Sukottorando Gēru-go)

スコットランド・ゲール語 (canonical)
Sukottorando Gēru-go (romanization)

スコットランド (Sukottorando, “Scotland”) + ゲール語 (Gēru-go, “Goidelic language”)

compound

ja:スコットランド・ゲール語


タイポグラフィ

Borrowed from English typography, from French typographie.


モーセ

ja-pos

モーセ • (Mōse)

(biblical) Moses (the biblical patriarch)


ベルゼブブ

[be̞ɾɯ̟ze̞bɯ̟bɯ̟]


唐詩

唐詩 (canonical)
tōshi (romanization)
tausi (romanization)
たうし (hiragana historical)


平声

ja-noun

平(ひょう)声(しょう) or 平(へい)声(せい) • (hyōshō or heisei)

平声 (canonical)
平声 (canonical)
hyōshō (romanization)
heisei (romanization)

(Chinese phonetics) the level tone (contrasting with the 仄声 (sokusei, “oblique tones”) among the 四声 (shisei, “four tones”) of Middle Chinese)


ルカ

ルカによる福音書


マルコ

マルコによる福音書


マタイ

Doublet of マティア (Matia, “Matthias”). Compare Mandarin 馬太／马太 (Mǎtài).

zh-l

馬太／马太 (Mǎtài)

マタイによる福音書


ヨハネ

洗礼者ヨハネ

使徒ヨハネ

ヨハネによる福音書


ヨハネの黙示録

ja-pos

^ヨハネ の ^もくしろく

ヨハネの黙(もく)示(し)録(ろく) • (Yohane no Mokushiroku)

ヨハネの黙示録 (canonical)
Yohane no Mokushiroku (romanization)

ヨハネ (Yohane, “John”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 黙示録 (Mokushiroku, “Apocalypse”)


ソロモン

[so̞ɾo̞mõ̞ɴ]


ジェー

The name of the Latin-script letter J/j.


デウス・エクス・マキナ

Learned borrowing from Latin deus ex māchinā

lbor

ja:デウス・エクス・マキナ


ブークモール

ja-noun

ブークモール • (būkumōru)

Borrowed from Norwegian Bokmål bokmål (“Book Language”).


ヨシュア

ヨシュア記

ja:ヨシュア (曖昧さ回避)


ヤコブ

1999 September 16, Motohiro Katou, “ヤコブの階(かい)段(だん) [Jacob’s Stairway]”, in Ｑ.(キュー)Ｅ.(イー)Ｄ.(ディー) 証(しょう)明(めい)終(しゅう)了(りょう) [Q.E.D. Quod Erat Demonstrandum], volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 184:

Jacob took God’s word and set out in search of the “Promised Land”, of themselves, of fertile soil…

ヤコブは神の言葉を受け「約束の地」を探して旅立った 自分達を 繁栄させる土地を‥‥

Yakobu wa Kami no kotoba o uke “Yakusoku no Chi” o sagashite tabidatta jibuntachi o han'ei saseru tochi o‥‥

主の兄弟ヤコブ

ゼベダイの子ヤコブ


コントラルト

[kõ̞nto̞ɾa̠ɾɯ̟to̞]


メッツォソプラノ

メゾソプラノ メゾソプラノ#Japanese


カウンターテナー

ja-noun

カウンターテナー • (kauntātenā)


南アジア語族

ja-pos

^みなみ ^アジア ごぞく

南(みなみ)アジア語(ご)族(ぞく) • (Minami Ajia gozoku)

南アジア語族 (canonical)
Minami Ajia gozoku (romanization)

南アジア (Minami Ajia, “South Asia”) + 語族 (gozoku, “language family”)

com

オーストロアジア語族 オーストロアジア語族#Japanese

Synonym of オーストロアジア語族


南島語族

ja-pos

南(なん)島(とう)語(ご)族(ぞく) • (Nantō gozoku) ^(←なんたうごぞく (Nantaugozoku)?)

南島語族 (canonical)
Nantō gozoku (romanization)
Nantaugozoku (romanization)
なんたうごぞく (hiragana historical)

Calque of Chinese 南島語系／南岛语系 (Nándǎo yǔxì)

cal

オーストロネシア語族 オーストロネシア語族#Japanese

Synonym of オーストロネシア語族


印欧語族

印欧語族 (canonical)
In'ō gozoku (romanization)

[ĩɰ̃o̞ː ɡo̞zo̞kɯ̟]

Calque of Chinese 印歐語系／印欧语系 (Yìn'ōuyǔxì)

インド・ヨーロッパ語族 インド・ヨーロッパ語族#Japanese

Synonym of インド・ヨーロッパ語族


間接話法

間接話法 (canonical)
kansetsu wahō (romanization)

[kã̠ɰ̃se̞t͡sɨβ̞a̠ho̞ː]

(grammar) reported speech, indirect speech (a form of speech used to express what another has said)

直接話法

直接話法 ちょくせつわほう


直接話法

ja-noun

直(ちょく)接(せつ)話(わ)法(ほう) • (chokusetsu wahō)

直接話法 (canonical)
chokusetsu wahō (romanization)

[t͡ɕo̞kɯ̟se̞t͡sɨβ̞a̠ho̞ː]

(grammar) direct speech (the writing of speech)

間接話法

間接話法 かんせつわほう


ラブレター

[ɾa̠bɯ̟ ɾe̞ta̠ː]

1996 February 20 [1988 February 15], Mitsuru Adachi, “テイク・オフ [Take Off]”, in SHORT(ショート) PROGRAM(プログラム) [SHORT PROGRAM], 25th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 126:

Two days later, I received a love letter from her.

２日後、彼女からラブレターが届いた。

Futsuka go, kanojo kara rabu retā ga todoita.


Visual rendering of Morse code for 、 (ideographic comma).


上代

上(じょう)代(だい) • (jōdai) ^(←じやうだい (zyaudai)?)

上代 (canonical)
jōdai (romanization)
zyaudai (romanization)
じやうだい (hiragana historical)

上代特殊仮名遣

ancient special kana usage, Old Japanese special kana usage

historical linguistics
historical linguistics

(history, especially literary history and historical linguistics) a period in Japanese history, usually the Nara period (corresponding to Old Japanese)


唐話

唐話 (canonical)
tōwa (romanization)
tauwa (romanization)
たうわ (hiragana historical)

(obsolete, Edo) spoken vernacular Chinese


知恵の書

知恵の書 (canonical)
Chie no Sho (romanization)

Compound of 知恵 (chie, “wisdom”) + の (no, “possessive particle”) + 書 (sho, “book”).


ソロモンの知恵

ソロモンの知恵 (canonical)
Soromon no Chie (romanization)

Compound of ソロモン (Soromon, “Solomon”) + の (no, “possessive particle”) + 知恵 (chie, “wisdom”).


倒置

倒置 (canonical)
tōchi (romanization)
tauti (romanization)
たうち (hiragana historical)


倒置

倒置する (canonical)
tōchi suru (romanization)
tauti (romanization)
倒置し (stem)
倒置した (past)
倒置し
とうちし
tōchi shi
倒置する
とうちする
tōchi suru
倒置すれ
とうちすれ
tōchi sure
倒置せよ (imperative literary)
倒置しろ (colloquial imperative)
とうちせよ (imperative literary)
とうちしろ (colloquial imperative)
tōchi seyo (imperative literary)
tōchi shiro (colloquial imperative)
倒置される (passive)
とうちされる (passive)
tōchi sareru (passive)
倒置させる (causative)
倒置さす (causative)
とうちさせる (causative)
とうちさす (causative)
tōchi saseru (causative)
tōchi sasu (causative)
倒置できる (potential)
とうちできる (potential)
tōchi dekiru (potential)
倒置しよう (volitional)
とうちしよう (volitional)
tōchi shiyō (volitional)
倒置しない (negative)
とうちしない (negative)
tōchi shinai (negative)
倒置せず (continuative negative)
とうちせず (continuative negative)
tōchi sezu (continuative negative)
倒置します (formal)
とうちします (formal)
tōchi shimasu (formal)
倒置した (perfective)
とうちした (perfective)
tōchi shita (perfective)
倒置して (conjunctive)
とうちして (conjunctive)
tōchi shite (conjunctive)
倒置すれば (conditional hypothetical)
とうちすれば (conditional hypothetical)
tōchi sureba (conditional hypothetical)


𥝱

A trillion trillion, 10²⁴, or a septillion of modern English in modern Japanese since 17th century.


used in transcriptions of Western proper names, as a "space" (similar to a middle dot ・), a "hyphen" or an "en dash"; usually substituted by the more accessible fullwidth equal sign


右側

[mʲiɡʲiɡa̠β̞a̠]

(fandom slang) bottom (referring to the order of names in pairings)


乎古止点

乎古止点 (canonical)
okototen (romanization)

marks to aid in reading Chinese classics


翻字

影印本の翻字を行う

to undertake a transcription of a scanned copy


翻字

翻字する (canonical)
honji suru (romanization)
翻字し (stem)
翻字した (past)
翻字し
ほんじし
honji shi
翻字する
ほんじする
honji suru
翻字すれ
ほんじすれ
honji sure
翻字せよ (imperative literary)
翻字しろ (colloquial imperative)
ほんじせよ (imperative literary)
ほんじしろ (colloquial imperative)
honji seyo (imperative literary)
honji shiro (colloquial imperative)
翻字される (passive)
ほんじされる (passive)
honji sareru (passive)
翻字させる (causative)
翻字さす (causative)
ほんじさせる (causative)
ほんじさす (causative)
honji saseru (causative)
honji sasu (causative)
翻字できる (potential)
ほんじできる (potential)
honji dekiru (potential)
翻字しよう (volitional)
ほんじしよう (volitional)
honji shiyō (volitional)
翻字しない (negative)
ほんじしない (negative)
honji shinai (negative)
翻字せず (continuative negative)
ほんじせず (continuative negative)
honji sezu (continuative negative)
翻字します (formal)
ほんじします (formal)
honji shimasu (formal)
翻字した (perfective)
ほんじした (perfective)
honji shita (perfective)
翻字して (conjunctive)
ほんじして (conjunctive)
honji shite (conjunctive)
翻字すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ほんじすれば (conditional hypothetical)
honji sureba (conditional hypothetical)


韻律

[ĩn̺ɾʲit͡sɨ]


修辞

修辞 (canonical)
shūji (romanization)
siuzi (romanization)
しうじ (hiragana historical)

映像の修辞


ライトセーバー

ja-noun

ライトセーバー • (raitosēbā)


統辞論

[to̞ːʑiɾõ̞ɴ]

Compound of 統辞 (tōji, “syntax”, less common on its own than synonym 構文 kōbun) + 論 (ron, “theory”).

compound

less common on its own than synonym <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">構文</i> kōbun

(linguistics) Synonym of 統語論 (tōgoron): syntax (as a field of study), syntactics


構文論

[ko̞ːbɯ̟̃n̺ɾõ̞ɴ]

Compound of 構文 (kōbun, “syntax”) + 論 (ron, “theory”).


古代教会スラヴ語

ja-pos

^こだい ^きょうかい ^スラヴ-ご

古(こ)代(だい)教(きょう)会(かい)スラヴ語(ご) • (Kodai Kyōkai Suravu-go)

古代教会スラヴ語 (canonical)
Kodai Kyōkai Suravu-go (romanization)

From 古代 (kodai, “ancient”) + 教会 (kyōkai, “church”) + スラヴ (Suravu, “Slavic”) + 語 (-go, “language”).


異化

異化 (canonical)
ika (romanization)
ikwa (romanization)
いくわ (hiragana historical)


題詞

From Middle Chinese 題詞 (MC dej zi, “foreword”).

(waka, traditional poetry) a brief preface note on the theme or circumstances of a poem


エホバ

Ehoba (romanization)
Wefoba (romanization)
ヱホバ (historical katakana)

From Biblical Hebrew יְהֹוָה (YHWH), which is often rendered as ヤハウェ (Yahawe) in Japanese texts. This version is influenced by versions of the name in Christian translations such as Portuguese Jeová, English Jehovah.
[jehoβa] → [ehoba]


市名

市名 (canonical)
shimei (romanization)
simei (romanization)
しめい (hiragana historical)


ホグワーツ

[ho̞ɡɯ̟β̞a̠ːt͡sɨ]

ホグワーツ魔法魔術学校

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry

ja:ホグワーツ魔法魔術学校


ユダ

イスカリオテのユダ


呉語

zh-l

吳語／吴语 (wúyǔ)

Wu (one of the families of the Chinese language)


粤語

粵語／粤语 (yuèyǔ)


バットマン

2015, バットマン アーカム・ナイト [Batman: Arkham Knight], spoken by Batman (Shinshū Fuji), Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, via Rocksteady Studios:

I am vengeance! I am the night! I am Batman!

私は「報復」！私は「夜」！私はバットマン！

Watashi wa “hōfuku”! Watashi wa “yoru”! Watashi wa Battoman!


イエス・キリスト

イエス (Iesu, “Jesus”) + キリスト (Kirisuto, “Christ”)


サムエル

[sa̠mɯ̟e̞ɾɯ̟]


キルギス語

キルギス語 (canonical)
Kirugisu-go (romanization)

[kʲiɾɯ̟ɡʲisɨɡo̞]

キルギス (Kirugisu, “Kyrgyzstan”) + 語 (-go, “language”)


国号

ja-noun

国(こく)号(ごう) • (kokugō) ^(←こくがう (kokugau)?)

国号 (canonical)
kokugō (romanization)
kokugau (romanization)
こくがう (hiragana historical)

[ko̞kɯ̟ɡo̞ː]


平仄

[ço̞ːso̞kɯ̟]

Derived from Middle Chinese 平仄 (MC bjien|bjaeng tsrik).

tonal patterns in classical Chinese poetry


時報

時報 (canonical)
jihō (romanization)
zifou (romanization)
じほう (hiragana historical)

(broadcasting) announcement of the current time

[…] Times (phrase used in newspaper names)


佳句

(literature) beautiful passage of literature


ダルマチア語

ダルマチア語 (canonical)
Darumachia-go (romanization)

ダルマチア (Darumachia, “Dalmatia”) + 語 (-go, “language”)


封神演義

封神演義 (canonical)
Hōshin Engi (romanization)

From Chinese 封神演義／封神演义 (Fēngshén Yǎnyì).


ゴッサム

[ɡo̞sːa̠mɯ̟]


長音

ja-noun

長(ちょう)音(おん) • (chōon) ^(←ちやうおん (tyauon)?)

長音 (canonical)
chōon (romanization)
tyauon (romanization)
ちやうおん (hiragana historical)


祖語

Appears to be a repurposing of the earlier Buddhist term as a calque of English proto-language.

(linguistics) a proto-language from which later daughter languages evolve


アルファ

From English alpha from Ancient Greek ἄλφα (álpha).


ガンマ

From English gamma or learned borrowing from Ancient Greek γάμμα (gámma).

lbor

ja:Γ
ja:ガンマ (曖昧さ回避)


アットマーク

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from at + mark


アスタリスク

an asterisk (symbol used to highlight words or sentences)


単価記号

単価記号 (canonical)
tanka kigō (romanization)

単価 (tanka, “unit price”) + 記号 (kigō, “sign”)


スーパーマン

ja-pos

スーパーマン • (Sūpāman)

[sɨːpa̠ːmã̠ɴ]

1987 March 20 [1987 February 20], Fujiko Fujio, “わが子・スーパーマン [My Son Is Superman]”, in カンビュセスの籤(くじ) [Cambyses’s Drawing] (藤子不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 1), 2nd edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第二章, page 473:

Come closer, I have something very important to tell you. This will shock you! So listen very carefully. Our son Tadashi… is Superman!!

重大な問題だ もっとこっちへ いいか驚くな！気をたしかにもって聞いてくれよ ウチのタダシはな……スーパーマンだ‼

Jūdai na mondai da Motto kotchi e Ii ka odoroku na! Ki o tashika ni motte kiite kure yo Uchi no Tadashi wa na…… Sūpāman da‼

1989 November 10 [1988 May 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “第一話 スーパーマン襲名 [Chapter 1: Taking on the Mantle of Superman]”, in 征地球論 [A Debate over Conquering Earth] (藤子・Ｆ・不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 3), 2nd edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第三章 中年スーパーマン左江内氏, page 365:

I am Superman. I am here to help you be Superman, too.

あたしやスーパーマンです あんたをスーパーマンにするためつけまわしておるのです

Atashi ya Sūpāman desu Anta o Sūpāman ni suru tame tsukemawashite oru no desu

1989 November 10 [1988 May 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “第二話 中年はもてる…か？ [Chapter 2: Can a Middle-Aged Man Still Be… Attractive?]”, in 征地球論 [A Debate over Conquering Earth] (藤子・Ｆ・不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 3), 2nd edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第三章 中年スーパーマン左江内氏, pages 382–383:

One of Superman’s powers is X-ray vision. I can see through at whatever level I want.

スーパーマンの超能力の一つに透視力もあるのだ 必要に応じ何段階にも透視できる

Sūpāman no chōnōryoku no hitotsu ni tōshiryoku mo aru no da Hitsuyō ni ōji nandankai ni mo tōshi dekiru


蛍光ペン

蛍光ペン (canonical)
keikō pen (romanization)

[ke̞ːko̞ː pẽ̞ɴ]

From 蛍(けい)光(こう) (keikō, “fluorescence”) + ペン (pen, “pen”). Compare Korean 형광펜 (hyeonggwangpen).


輪唱

輪唱する (canonical)
rinshō suru (romanization)
rinsyau (romanization)
輪唱し (stem)
輪唱した (past)
輪唱し
りんしょうし
rinshō shi
輪唱する
りんしょうする
rinshō suru
輪唱すれ
りんしょうすれ
rinshō sure
輪唱せよ (imperative literary)
輪唱しろ (colloquial imperative)
りんしょうせよ (imperative literary)
りんしょうしろ (colloquial imperative)
rinshō seyo (imperative literary)
rinshō shiro (colloquial imperative)
輪唱される (passive)
りんしょうされる (passive)
rinshō sareru (passive)
輪唱させる (causative)
輪唱さす (causative)
りんしょうさせる (causative)
りんしょうさす (causative)
rinshō saseru (causative)
rinshō sasu (causative)
輪唱できる (potential)
りんしょうできる (potential)
rinshō dekiru (potential)
輪唱しよう (volitional)
りんしょうしよう (volitional)
rinshō shiyō (volitional)
輪唱しない (negative)
りんしょうしない (negative)
rinshō shinai (negative)
輪唱せず (continuative negative)
りんしょうせず (continuative negative)
rinshō sezu (continuative negative)
輪唱します (formal)
りんしょうします (formal)
rinshō shimasu (formal)
輪唱した (perfective)
りんしょうした (perfective)
rinshō shita (perfective)
輪唱して (conjunctive)
りんしょうして (conjunctive)
rinshō shite (conjunctive)
輪唱すれば (conditional hypothetical)
りんしょうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
rinshō sureba (conditional hypothetical)


不思議の国のアリス症候群

ja-noun

^ふしぎ の ^くに の ^アリス しょうこうぐん

不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ)の国(くに)のアリス症(しょう)候(こう)群(ぐん) • (Fushigi no Kuni no Arisu shōkōgun)

不思議の国のアリス症候群 (canonical)
Fushigi no Kuni no Arisu shōkōgun (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟ɕiɡʲi no̞ kɯ̟ɲ̟i no̞ a̠ɾʲisɨ ɕo̞ːko̞ːɡɯ̟̃ɴ]

不思議の国のアリス (Fushigi no Kuni no Arisu, “Alice in Wonderland”) + 症候群 (shōkōgun, “syndrome”)

com

Alice in Wonderland syndrome
Alice in Wonderland syndrome

ja:不思議の国のアリス症候群


大母音推移

ja-pos

大(だい)母(ぼ)音(いん)推(すい)移(い) • (Dai Boin Suii)

大母音推移 (canonical)
Dai Boin Suii (romanization)

大 (dai, “great”) + 母音 (boin, “vowel”) + 推移 (suii, “transition”), calque of English Great Vowel Shift.


俗ラテン語

俗ラテン語 (canonical)
Zoku Raten-go (romanization)

俗 (zoku, “vulgar”) + ラテン語 (Raten-go, “Latin”). Calque of Latin sermo vulgaris.


シャーペン

ja-noun

シャーペン • (shāpen)

シャープペンシル シャープペンシル#Japanese

Clipping of シャープペンシル (shāpu penshiru, “mechanical pencil”).


英字

Compound of 英 (ei, “English”) + 字 (ji, “character, letter”).

compound

英字書類

(by extension) something written in the English language


再刊

再刊する (canonical)
saikan suru (romanization)
再刊し (stem)
再刊した (past)
再刊し
さいかんし
saikan shi
再刊する
さいかんする
saikan suru
再刊すれ
さいかんすれ
saikan sure
再刊せよ (imperative literary)
再刊しろ (colloquial imperative)
さいかんせよ (imperative literary)
さいかんしろ (colloquial imperative)
saikan seyo (imperative literary)
saikan shiro (colloquial imperative)
再刊される (passive)
さいかんされる (passive)
saikan sareru (passive)
再刊させる (causative)
再刊さす (causative)
さいかんさせる (causative)
さいかんさす (causative)
saikan saseru (causative)
saikan sasu (causative)
再刊できる (potential)
さいかんできる (potential)
saikan dekiru (potential)
再刊しよう (volitional)
さいかんしよう (volitional)
saikan shiyō (volitional)
再刊しない (negative)
さいかんしない (negative)
saikan shinai (negative)
再刊せず (continuative negative)
さいかんせず (continuative negative)
saikan sezu (continuative negative)
再刊します (formal)
さいかんします (formal)
saikan shimasu (formal)
再刊した (perfective)
さいかんした (perfective)
saikan shita (perfective)
再刊して (conjunctive)
さいかんして (conjunctive)
saikan shite (conjunctive)
再刊すれば (conditional hypothetical)
さいかんすれば (conditional hypothetical)
saikan sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(of a newspaper or magazine) to resume publishing


鞄語

[ka̠bã̠ŋɡo̞]

鞄 (kaban, “bag”) + 語 (go, “word”), calque of English portmanteau word.


達筆

skilful writing (of calligraphy, text, etc.)


エペソ人への手紙

ja-pos

^エペソびと へ の ^てがみ

エペソ人(びと)への手(て)紙(がみ) • (Epesobito e no Tegami)

エペソ人への手紙 (canonical)
Epesobito e no Tegami (romanization)

エペソ (Epeso, “Ephesus”) + 人 (hito, “human”) + へ (e, “to”) + の (no, “of”) + 手紙 (tegami, “letter”)


訓民正音

訓民正音 (canonical)
Kunmin Seion (romanization)

[kɯ̟̃mʲːiɰ̃ se̞ːõ̞ɴ]

(historical) Hunmin Jeongeum (document introducing the hangul script for Korean in 1446)


終止符

ja-noun

終(しゅう)止(し)符(ふ) • (shūshifu) ^(←しゆうしふ (syuusifu)?)

終止符 (canonical)
shūshifu (romanization)
syuusifu (romanization)
しゆうしふ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 終(しゅう)止(し) (shūshi, “stopping, termination”) + 符(ふ) (fu, “symbol, mark”).

ja-compound

終止符を打つ

句点: the 。 mark used in Japanese and Chinese


単音

(phonetics) a phone (speech segment that possesses distinct physical or perceptual properties)


悉曇

ja-pos

悉(しっ)曇(たん) • (Shittan) ^(←しつたん (Situtan)?)

悉曇 (canonical)
Shittan (romanization)
Situtan (romanization)
しつたん (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 悉曇 (MC sit dom), from Sanskrit सिद्धं (siddhaṃ).

Siddham, a Sanskrit writing system. Used (still occasionally today) in Japanese Buddhism.


ラケル

(biblical) Rachel (younger daughter of Laban)


淮南子

淮南子 (canonical)
Wainanshi (romanization)

(literature) The Huainanzi or Writings of the Masters South of the Huai River.


書き下し文

書き下し文 (canonical)
kakikudashi bun (romanization)

Classical Chinese (kanbun) texts read with kun'yomi and the Japanese word order


センテンス

[sẽ̞ntẽ̞ɰ̃sɨ]


両声類

両声類 (canonical)
ryōseirui (romanization)

Pun on 両生類(りょうせいるい) (ryōseirui, “amphibian”), swapping 生(せい) (sei, “living”) with 声(せい) (sei, “voice”): "both-voices-type".

(Internet slang) singer who can sing in both a masculine and a feminine voice


アレゴリー

[a̠ɾe̞ɡo̞ɾʲiː]


ボカロ

⇒ Chinese: 術力口／术力口 (Shùlìkǒu)

ボーカロイド ボーカロイド#Japanese


永字八法

ja-noun

永(えい)字(じ)八(はっ)法(ぽう) • (eiji happō) ^(←えいじはつぱふ (eizifatupafu)?)

永字八法 (canonical)
eiji happō (romanization)
eizifatupafu (romanization)
えいじはつぱふ (hiragana historical)

From 永字 (eiji, “永 kanji”) + 八 (hachi, “eight”) + 法 (hō, “principle”).
The hō changes to pō as an instance of rendaku (連濁)..

com

(calligraphy) the Eight Principles of Yǒng

側 (soku) or 点 (ten, literally “point”), the first

the Eight Principles of Yǒng
勒 (roku), the second

the Eight Principles of Yǒng
努 (do), the third

趯 (teki) or 跳ね (hane, literally “jump”), the fourth

the Eight Principles of Yǒng
策 (saku), the fifth

掠 (ryaku) or 左払い (hidari harai, literally “left sweep”), the sixth

the Eight Principles of Yǒng
啄 (taku), the seventh

磔 (taku), 捺 (natsu), or 右払い (migi harai, literally “right sweep”), the eighth


マグダラのマリア

ja-pos

^マグダラ の ^マリア

マグダラ (Magudara, “Magdala”) + の (no, “'s”) + マリア (Maria, “Mary”), calque of Latin Maria Magdalena.


季語

Kigo, a word associated with a particular season in traditional Japanese poetry.


国訓

ja-noun

国(こっ)訓(くん) • (kokkun) ^(←こくくん (kokukun)?)

国訓 (canonical)
kokkun (romanization)
kokukun (romanization)
こくくん (hiragana historical)

[ko̞k̚kɯ̟̃ɴ]

国 (koku, “national”) + 訓 (kun, “meaning reading”)

affix

(linguistics) a kun for a kanji that differs from the original Chinese meaning of the character


漢和辞典

漢和辞典 (canonical)
kanwajiten (romanization)

[kã̠ɰ̃β̞a̠ʑitẽ̞ɴ]

From 漢和 (“Chinese-Japanese”) + 辞典 (“dictionary”).

com

Chinese–Japanese character dictionary; dictionary of Chinese characters and character compounds with explanations in Japanese


之繞

しん (shin) + 繞 (nyō, “kanji component that occupies the left and bottom”).
The meaning of しん (shin) is debated. Theories include:
# 之 is an ateji (当て字); the 15th century Ainōshō (『壒嚢鈔』) says that it is derived from 四繞 (shinyō, literally “four-nyō”) since 辶 is written with 4 strokes.
# Kenji Emori (江守賢治) suggests that it is from 進 (shin), i.e. "the nyō of 進".
# Euphonic sound change (音便) from 之 (shi) to 之 (shin).

compound

The kanji component 辶, a form of the radical 辵.


二十四

ja-noun

二(に)十(じゅう)四(し) or 二(に)十(じゅう)四(よん) • (nijūshi or nijūyon)

二十四 (canonical)
二十四 (canonical)
nijūshi (romanization)
nijūyon (romanization)

[ɲ̟iʑɨːjõ̞ɴ]


爪冠

爪冠 (canonical)
tsumekanmuri (romanization)

[t͡sɨme̞kã̠mːɯ̟ɾʲi]

爪 (tsume, “claw”) + 冠 (kanmuri, “crown”)

affix

the form of the 爪 radical when it appears in the crown position (⺤) as in 受


爪繞

ja-noun

爪(そう)繞(にょう) • (sōnyō) ^(←さうねう (sauneu)?)

爪繞 (canonical)
sōnyō (romanization)
sauneu (romanization)
さうねう (hiragana historical)

爪 (sō, “claw”) + 繞 (nyō, “"L"-position radical”)


走繞

ja-noun

走(そう)繞(にょう) • (sōnyō) ^(←そうねう (souneu)?)

走繞 (canonical)
sōnyō (romanization)
souneu (romanization)
そうねう (hiragana historical)

走 (sō, “to run”) + 繞 (nyō, “"L"-position radical”)


季刊

a quarterly, a newsletter or magazine that comes out quarterly


はしご高

はしご高 (canonical)
hashigodaka (romanization)

梯子 (hashigo, “ladder”) + 高 (taka). The taka changes to daka as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The term is in reference to the way the central top portion of the 旧字体 (kyūjitai, “old form”, prior to various writing reforms) of the character looks a bit like a ladder. Compare the two forms:
* 髙 as the 旧字体 (kyūjitai, “old form”) and "ladder" version
* 高 as the 新字体 (shinjitai, “new form”)

a nickname for the 髙 character, a variant of 高


フラマン語

フラマン語 (canonical)
Furaman-go (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟ɾa̠ma̠ŋ ɡo̞]

From French flamand + 語 (-go, “language”).


宋朝体

ja-noun

宋(そう)朝(ちょう)体(たい) • (sōchōtai) ^(←そうてうたい (souteutai)?)

宋朝体 (canonical)
sōchōtai (romanization)
souteutai (romanization)
そうてうたい (hiragana historical)


明朝体

明(みん)朝(ちょう)体(たい) • (Minchōtai) ^(←みんてうたい (minteutai)?)

明朝体 (canonical)
Minchōtai (romanization)
minteutai (romanization)
みんてうたい (hiragana historical)

[mʲĩɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ːta̠i]

明朝 (Minchō, “Ming dynasty”) + 体 (-tai, “calligraphic style”)

suf

源ノ明朝

the Ming typographic style of East Asian scripts (Han, hangul, kana), equivalent to the Western serif style


アンチック

[ã̠ɲ̟t͡ɕi̥k̚kɯ̟]

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru

Borrowed from French antique.
First cited to 1930.

(typography) antique: a typeface featuring kana in serif Mincho type (with slightly heavier weight) and kanji in sans serif Gothic type, typically used for normal dialog in manga


立心偏

立心偏 (canonical)
risshinben (romanization)

[ɾʲiɕːĩmbẽ̞ɴ]

立 (ritsu, “standing”) + 心 (shin, “heart”) + 偏 (hen, “left radical”)


傍線

傍線 (canonical)
bōsen (romanization)
bausen (romanization)
ばうせん (hiragana historical)

(typography) sideline (vertical-text equivalent of the underline)


リメリック

リムリック リムリック#Japanese

Alternative form of リムリック (Rimurikku, “Limerick”)


指小辞

ja-noun

指(し)小(しょう)辞(じ) • (shishōji) ^(←しせうじ (siseuzi)?)

指小辞 (canonical)
shishōji (romanization)
siseuzi (romanization)
しせうじ (hiragana historical)


トカラ語

トカラ語 (canonical)
Tokara-go (romanization)


字音仮名遣い

字(じ)音(おん)仮(か)名(な)遣(づか)い • (jion kanazukai) ^(←じおんかなづかひ (zion kanadukafi)?)

字音仮名遣い (canonical)
jion kanazukai (romanization)
zion kanadukafi (romanization)
じおんかなづかひ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 字音 (jion, “kanji pronunciation borrowed from Chinese”) + 仮名遣い (kanazukai, “kana usage”).

com

(linguistics) kanji pronunciation based on Middle Chinese borrowings


濁り

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ninkəri.

(typography) dakuten (voicing mark used in Japanese kana writing)


慣用句

ja-noun

慣(かん)用(よう)句(く) • (kan'yōku) ^(←くわんようく (kwan'youku)?)

慣用句 (canonical)
kan'yōku (romanization)
kwan'youku (romanization)
くわんようく (hiragana historical)

[kã̠ɰ̃jo̞ːkɯ̟]


リリック

[ɾʲiɾʲik̚kɯ̟]

(poetry) Synonym of 抒情詩 (jojōshi, “lyric poetry; lyric poem”)


へへののもへじ

へのへのもへじ へのへのもへじ#Japanese


喉音

Literary Chinese 喉音 (hóuyīn, literally “throaty sound”)

der

(traditional Chinese phonology) a guttural onset consonant, any of the group of consonants represented by the Middle Chinese pronunciation the following (母 (literally “mother”) means "base sound"; the character before it is the one that bears the onset consonant): 影母 (/ʔ/), 曉母 (/x/), 匣母 (/ɦ/) and 喻母 (/j/)

(phonetics) Synonym of 声門音 (seimon'on, “glottal sound”)


ファルセット

[ɸa̠ɾɯ̟se̞t̚to̞]


オー

The name of the Latin-script letter O/o.


ケー

The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.


ヴィ

The katakana syllable ヴィ (vi). Its equivalent in hiragana is ゔぃ (vi).


敵役

敵役 (canonical)
katakiyaku (romanization)


ニックネーム

[ɲ̟ik̚kɯ̟ne̞ːmɯ̟]

2013 April 9, ONE with Murata, Yusuke, “17(じゅうしち)撃(げき)目(め) 手(て)合(あわ)せ [17th Hit: A Face-Off]”, in ONEPUNCH-MAN(【ワンパンマン】) [ONE-PUNCH MAN], volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 33:

おい その名付け方だと俺は『ハゲマント』とかに

Oi Sono nazukekata da to ore wa “Hage Manto” toka ni

Wait, by that naming standard, mine would be ‘Caped Baldy’.

おい その名付け方だと俺は『ハゲマント』とかに

おい その名付け方だと俺は『ハゲマント』とかに

おい その名付け方だと俺は『ハゲマント』とかに


歯偏

a kanji radical at left which is the same as the kanji for tooth, namely 歯


ボーイズラブ

→ English: boys' love, BL

→ Chinese: BL

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from boys + love


うかんむり

ja-noun

うかんむり • (u-kanmuri) ^(←うかんむり (u-kanmuri)?)

u-kanmuri (romanization)
うかんむり (hiragana historical)

[ɯ̟ kã̠mːɯ̟ɾʲi]

ウ (u, katakana syllable), in reference to its shape, + 冠(かんむり) (kanmuri).

the kanji component 宀, known as the “roof” radical in English, found in 宇, 字, etc.


VOCALOID

VOCALOID (canonical)
Bōkaroido (romanization)

VOCALOID (the singing voice synthesizer engine/software developed by YAMAHA, which has gathered a substantial online following since 2007)


逐語訳

逐語訳 (canonical)
chikugoyaku (romanization)

[t͡ɕikɯ̟ɡo̞ja̠kɯ̟]

literal translation; word-for-word translation


インマヌエル

[ĩmːa̠nɯ̟e̞ɾɯ̟]


ヨエル

ヨエル書


レター

レター • (retā)

(orthography) a letter (letter of the alphabet)


仄声

仄(そく)声(せい) or 仄(そく)声(しょう) • (sokusei or sokushō)

仄声 (canonical)
仄声 (canonical)
sokusei (romanization)
sokushō (romanization)

(Chinese phonetics) an oblique tone (the 上声 (jōshō, “rising tone”), the 去声 (kyoshō, “departing tone”) or the 入声 (nisshō, “entering tone”), contrasting with the 平声 (hyōshō, “level tone”) among the 四声 (shisei, “four tones”) of Middle Chinese)


タイプフェイス

(typography) Synonym of 書体 (shotai, “typeface”)


ゴシック体

ゴシック体 (canonical)
goshikku-tai (romanization)

ゴシック (goshikku, “gothic”) + 体 (-tai, “calligraphic style”)

suf

源ノ角ゴシック

the gothic typographic style of East Asian scripts (Han, hangul, kana), equivalent to the Western sans serif style


デスク

(mass media, newspapers) a subeditor; a copy editor


真書

(Chinese calligraphy) Synonym of 楷書 (kaisho, “regular script”)


真書

(Chinese calligraphy) fine brush used for writing Chinese characters in the regular script


カタルーニャ語

カタルーニャ語 (canonical)
Katarūnyago (romanization)

[ka̠ta̠ɾɯ̟ːɲ̟a̠ɡo̞]


沖つ白波

沖つ白波 (canonical)
oki tsu shiranami (romanization)

From Old Japanese: 沖(おき) (oki, “open sea”) + つ (tsu, archaic possessive particle) + 白波(しらなみ) (shiranami, “whitecaps, white-crested waves”).

ja-compound

風吹けば沖つ白波たつた山夜半にや君がひとり越ゆらむ

905, Kokin Wakashū (book 18, poem 994; also Ise Monogatari, episode 23; Yamato Monogatari, episode 149)

as the howling winds keep white waves in the offing in the deep of night[,] is my lord crossing Tatsuta Mountain alone[?]

kaze fukeba oki tsu shiranami Tatsuta-yama yowa ni ya kimi ga hitori koyu ran

(poetry) a 序詞 (jokotoba), associated with the above meaning:

立田山 (Tatsuta-yama, “Mount Tatsuta”), pun on 立つ (tatsu, “to stand”)

淡海々奥白浪雖不知妹所云七日越来

Ōmi-no-umi oki tsu shiranami shirazu tomo imogari to iwaba nanuka koe kon

Even if I don't know (where you live), sounding like the white waves in the offing of the [Ōmi] sea, if you tell me (where) your house (is), (even if it would take me) seven days to cross (the hills), I will come!


Visual rendering of Morse code for 。 (“ideographic full stop”).


テナー

ja-noun

テナー • (tenā)


ファン・フィクション

[ɸa̠ɰ̃ ɸʲikɯ̟ɕõ̞ɴ]


used for emphasis, or to set off metaphors, neologisms and the like.


八母音説

八母音説 (canonical)
hachiboinsetsu (romanization)

(linguistics) the theory that Old Japanese had eight vowels: /a/, /i₁/, /i₂/, /u/, /e₁/, /e₂/, /o/.


抒情詩

抒(じょ)情(じょう)詩(し) • (jojōshi) ^(←じよじやうし (zyozyausi)?)

抒情詩 (canonical)
jojōshi (romanization)
zyozyausi (romanization)
じよじやうし (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑo̞ʑo̞ːɕi]

From 抒情 (jojō, “lyricism”) + 詩 (shi, “poetry; poem”).


上代特殊仮名遣

ja-noun

じょうだい とくしゅ かなづかい

上(じょう)代(だい)特(とく)殊(しゅ)仮(か)名(な)遣(づかい) • (jōdai tokushu kanazukai)

上代特殊仮名遣 (canonical)
jōdai tokushu kanazukai (romanization)

上代 (jōdai, “ancient times”, sometimes used to refer to Old Japanese) + 特殊 (tokushu, “special”) + 仮名遣い (kanazukai, “kana usage”)
Literally, “special kana usage of ancient times”.

lit

distinctions in the usage of man'yōgana in Old Japanese works that were quickly lost


くるわ

kuruwa (romanization)
kurwa (romanization)
くるわ (hiragana historical)

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Edo period
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

[kɯ̟ɾɯ̟β̞a̠]

Compound of くる (kuru, “going around”, consider adverbs くるくる (kurukuru), くるり (kururi, “spinningly; turningly”), verb 繰る (kuru, “to spin, to wind (a thread); to turn (a page)”)) + わ (wa, “loop? enclosure?”, the same element appearing in other words in kanji as 曲・回 (“sharp bend, loop, or bight, as in a river or coastline”), and as 輪・環 (“a ring, a loop; a hoop (as for a barrel); a circle, a round; a wheel”)), referring to a wall, palisade, moat (often dry), or natural waterway surrounding a castle or other fortification.
First appears in the late 1500s in reference to such a wall or moat. Later used to refer to the area bounded by such a feature, and then used periphrastically to refer to a red-light district, which was usually divided from the rest of a town by such a wall or fence.

郭通い

frequently visiting a red-light district

郭言葉

the argot of the red-light district during the Edo period

郭沙汰

the rumor and stories of the red-light district

郭三界

the area or neighborhood of a red-light district

郭住まい

residing in a red-light district; the lifestyle of a prostitute

郭勤め

working in a red-light district; someone working in a red-light district, more specifically as a prostitute

郭模様

the fashionable patterns of clothing popular in the red-light district

郭様

the manners and customs of the red-light district

(poetry, haiku) in 俳諧 (haikai, “vulgar haiku”), the general realm of subject matter used for the opening line


漢訳

[kã̠ɰ̃ja̠kɯ̟]


漢訳

漢訳する (canonical)
kan'yaku suru (romanization)
漢訳し (stem)
漢訳した (past)
漢訳し
かんやくし
kan'yaku shi
漢訳する
かんやくする
kan'yaku suru
漢訳すれ
かんやくすれ
kan'yaku sure
漢訳せよ (imperative literary)
漢訳しろ (colloquial imperative)
かんやくせよ (imperative literary)
かんやくしろ (colloquial imperative)
kan'yaku seyo (imperative literary)
kan'yaku shiro (colloquial imperative)
漢訳される (passive)
かんやくされる (passive)
kan'yaku sareru (passive)
漢訳させる (causative)
漢訳さす (causative)
かんやくさせる (causative)
かんやくさす (causative)
kan'yaku saseru (causative)
kan'yaku sasu (causative)
漢訳できる (potential)
かんやくできる (potential)
kan'yaku dekiru (potential)
漢訳しよう (volitional)
かんやくしよう (volitional)
kan'yaku shiyō (volitional)
漢訳しない (negative)
かんやくしない (negative)
kan'yaku shinai (negative)
漢訳せず (continuative negative)
かんやくせず (continuative negative)
kan'yaku sezu (continuative negative)
漢訳します (formal)
かんやくします (formal)
kan'yaku shimasu (formal)
漢訳した (perfective)
かんやくした (perfective)
kan'yaku shita (perfective)
漢訳して (conjunctive)
かんやくして (conjunctive)
kan'yaku shite (conjunctive)
漢訳すれば (conditional hypothetical)
かんやくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kan'yaku sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[kã̠ɰ̃ja̠kɯ̟]


助辞

(grammar) an auxiliary word or affix, a function word

(grammar) Synonym of 助詞 (joshi): a particle


テモテ

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Τιμόθεος (Timótheos). The route of borrowing and the reason for the phonetic transition to Temote is unclear.

テモテへの手紙一

テモテへの手紙二


舌尖音

舌尖音 (canonical)
zessen'on (romanization)

[d͡ze̞sːẽ̞ɰ̃õ̞ɴ]


和訳

和訳する (canonical)
wayaku suru (romanization)
wayaku (romanization)
和訳し (stem)
和訳した (past)
和訳し
わやくし
wayaku shi
和訳する
わやくする
wayaku suru
和訳すれ
わやくすれ
wayaku sure
和訳せよ (imperative literary)
和訳しろ (colloquial imperative)
わやくせよ (imperative literary)
わやくしろ (colloquial imperative)
wayaku seyo (imperative literary)
wayaku shiro (colloquial imperative)
和訳される (passive)
わやくされる (passive)
wayaku sareru (passive)
和訳させる (causative)
和訳さす (causative)
わやくさせる (causative)
わやくさす (causative)
wayaku saseru (causative)
wayaku sasu (causative)
和訳できる (potential)
わやくできる (potential)
wayaku dekiru (potential)
和訳しよう (volitional)
わやくしよう (volitional)
wayaku shiyō (volitional)
和訳しない (negative)
わやくしない (negative)
wayaku shinai (negative)
和訳せず (continuative negative)
わやくせず (continuative negative)
wayaku sezu (continuative negative)
和訳します (formal)
わやくします (formal)
wayaku shimasu (formal)
和訳した (perfective)
わやくした (perfective)
wayaku shita (perfective)
和訳して (conjunctive)
わやくして (conjunctive)
wayaku shite (conjunctive)
和訳すれば (conditional hypothetical)
わやくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
wayaku sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[β̞a̠ja̠kɯ̟]


題知らず

題知らず (canonical)
dai shirazu (romanization)

Literally “topic unknown”.
Some scholars actually translate this as “circumstances unknown”.

(poetry) a 詞書 (kotobagaki, “explanatory note”) stating that the topic, theme, or occasion of a selected waka poem is unknown; also, the poem with the unknown topic, theme, or occasion


オリキャラ

[o̞ɾʲikʲa̠ɾa̠]

オリジナルキャラクター オリジナルキャラクター#Japanese

Short for オリジナルキャラクター (orijinaru kyarakutā): original character (a fan-created character in a fanwork)


現代語

From 現代 (gendai, “modern; contemporary”) + 語 (-go, “language”).


ペーパーバック

ja-noun

ペーパーバック • (pēpābakku)


ソフトカバー

ペーパーバック ペーパーバック#Japanese

Synonym of ペーパーバック (pēpābakku, “paperback”); a softcover


(笑)

Used at the end of a phrase to indicate that the audience is laughing.

(manga) Used at the end of a phrase to indicate that the speaker is laughing.


ハードカバー

ハードカバー • (hādokabā)


ら抜き言葉

ら抜き言葉 (canonical)
ra-nuki kotoba (romanization)

(Japanese grammar) dropping the ら (ra) in the potential form of verbs formed with られる (-rareru)


ら抜き

ら抜き言葉 ら抜き言葉#Japanese

(grammar) Synonym of ら抜き言葉 (ra-nuki kotoba)


音素文字

音素文字 (canonical)
onso moji (romanization)

[õ̞ɰ̃so̞ mo̞ʑi]

phonemic script; phonetic writing; alphabet


読み下し

読み下し (canonical)
yomikudashi (romanization)

reading a Classical Chinese text as Japanese (using the kanbun kundoku technique)


読み下す

ja-verb

読(よ)み下(くだ)す • (yomikudasu) transitive godan (stem 読(よ)み下(くだ)し (yomikudashi), past 読(よ)み下(くだ)した (yomikudashita))

読み下す (canonical)
yomikudasu (romanization)
読み下し (stem)
読み下した (past)
読み下さ
よみくださ
yomikudasa
読み下し
よみくだし
yomikudashi
読み下す
よみくだす
yomikudasu
読み下せ
よみくだせ
yomikudase
読み下される (passive)
よみくだされる (passive)
yomikudasareru (passive)
読み下させる (causative)
読み下さす (causative)
よみくださせる (causative)
よみくださす (causative)
yomikudasaseru (causative)
yomikudasasu (causative)
読み下せる (potential)
よみくだせる (potential)
yomikudaseru (potential)
読み下そう (volitional)
よみくだそう (volitional)
yomikudasō (volitional)
読み下さない (negative)
よみくださない (negative)
yomikudasanai (negative)
読み下さず (continuative negative)
よみくださず (continuative negative)
yomikudasazu (continuative negative)
読み下します (formal)
よみくだします (formal)
yomikudashimasu (formal)
読み下した (perfective)
よみくだした (perfective)
yomikudashita (perfective)
読み下して (conjunctive)
よみくだして (conjunctive)
yomikudashite (conjunctive)
読み下せば (conditional hypothetical)
よみくだせば (conditional hypothetical)
yomikudaseba (conditional hypothetical)

to read a Classical Chinese text as Japanese (using the kanbun kundoku technique)


読み下し文

読み下し文 (canonical)
yomikudashi-bun (romanization)

the result of rendering Classical Chinese text into Japanese using kanbun kundoku


筆押さえ

筆押さえ (canonical)
fudeosae (romanization)

From 筆 (fude, “writing brush”) + 押さえ (osae, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 押(お)さえる (osaeru).).

af

(typography) flourish at the beginning or end of a stroke


可能動詞

可能動詞 (canonical)
kanō dōshi (romanization)

Compound of 可能 (kanō, “capable, potential, possible”) + 動詞 (dōshi, “verb”).

compound

(grammar) a potential verb (indicates that something is possible)


同音語

[do̞ːõ̞ŋɡo̞]

From 同音 (dōon, “homophonous”) + 語 (-go, “utterance”).

af

同音異義語 同音異義語#Japanese

(linguistics) Synonym of 同音異義語 (dōon igigo, “homophone”) (words with the same pronunciation)


欽定訳聖書

ja-pos

欽(きん)定(てい)訳(やく)聖(せい)書(しょ) • (Kinteiyaku Seisho)

欽定訳聖書 (canonical)
Kinteiyaku Seisho (romanization)

[kʲĩnte̞ːja̠kɯ̟̊ se̞ːɕo̞]

Calque of British English Authorized Version


同人雑誌

同人雑誌 (canonical)
dōjin zasshi (romanization)

From 同人 (dōjin, “like-minded people; cohorts”) + 雑誌 (zasshi, “magazine”).

af

indie self-published booklet; fan magazine; fanzine


三十六計

ja-pos

三(さん)十(じゅう)六(ろっ)計(けい) • (Sanjūrokkei) ^(←さんじふろくけい (Sanzifurokukei)?)

三十六計 (canonical)
Sanjūrokkei (romanization)
Sanzifurokukei (romanization)
さんじふろくけい (hiragana historical)

[sã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑɨːɾo̞k̚ke̞ː]


ペトロ

シモン・ペトロ


活用形

ja-noun

活(かつ)用(よう)形(けい) • (katsuyōkei) ^(←くわつようけい (kwatuyoukei)?)

活用形 (canonical)
katsuyōkei (romanization)
kwatuyoukei (romanization)
くわつようけい (hiragana historical)

Compound of 活(かつ)用(よう) (katsuyō, “inflection”) + 形(けい) (-kei, “form”).


倍角

Compound of 倍 (bai, “double; multiple”) + 角 (kaku, “angle; square”), as in the square ボディ (bodi, “body”) or the 仮想ボディ (kasō bodi, “em square”, literally “imaginary body”) of a CJK glyph.

compound

倍角文字

(attributive, computing, typography, of an East Asian character or glyph) double-width or double-height as compared to 全角 (zenkaku, “fullwidth/-height”)


振り漢字

振り漢字 (canonical)
furikanji (romanization)

From 振り (furi, “assigning”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 振る (furu, “to assign, to stick on, to apportion”)) + 漢字 (kanji).

com

smaller kanji historically used as a pronunciation guide, similar to modern furigana


字音

Compound of 字(じ) (ji, “character”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).

ja-compound

(linguistics) a pronunciation of a certain character or letter

(linguistics) a reading of a kanji character borrowed from Chinese


仮名遣い

ja-noun

仮(か)名(な)遣(づか)い • (kanazukai) ^(←かなづかひ (kanadukafi)?)

仮名遣い (canonical)
kanazukai (romanization)
kanadukafi (romanization)
かなづかひ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 仮名(かな) (kana, “kana”) + 遣(つか)い (tsukai, “use”).
The tsukai changes to zukai as an instance of rendaku (連濁)

ja-compound

上代特殊仮名遣い

(linguistics) how letters or characters are read or pronounced ("used")


スケッチブック

[sɨ̥ke̞t̚t͡ɕibɯ̟k̚kɯ̟]


集韻

ja-pos

集(しゅう)韻(いん) • (Shūin) ^(←しふゐん (Sifwin)?)

集韻 (canonical)
Shūin (romanization)
Sifwin (romanization)
しふゐん (hiragana historical)


付け文

付け文 (canonical)
tsukebumi (romanization)


補助動詞

補助動詞 (canonical)
hojo dōshi (romanization)

Coordinate term: 補助形容詞

a free Japanese verb (自立語 (jiritsugo)) that can be grammaticalized by being attached to an inflectional form of another 用言 (yōgen, “inflected word”)


写真植字

ja-noun

写(しゃ)真(しん)植(しょく)字(じ) • (shashin shokuji)

写真植字 (canonical)
shashin shokuji (romanization)

[ɕa̠ɕiɰ̃ ɕo̞kɯ̟ʑi]

Compound of 写真 (shashin, “photograph”) + 植字 (shokuji, “typesetting”)


クエスチョンマーク

[kɯ̟e̞sɨt͡ɕo̞m ma̠ːkɯ̟]


ナタン

ja:ナタン (預言者)


𛀆

Obsolete form of い (the current form of the Hiragana syllable i). Simplified from 以.

(linguistics) The hiragana syllable 𛀆 (yi). Its equivalent in katakana is 𛄠 (yi).


母音調和

ja-noun

母(ぼ)音(いん)調(ちょう)和(わ) • (boin chōwa) ^(←ぼいんてうわ (bointeuwa)?)

母音調和 (canonical)
boin chōwa (romanization)
bointeuwa (romanization)
ぼいんてうわ (hiragana historical)

[bo̞iɲ̟ t͡ɕo̞ːβ̞a̠]

From 母音(ぼいん) (boin, “vowel”) + 調和(ちょうわ) (chōwa, “harmonization; harmony”).


訳し上げる

ja-verb

訳(やく)し上(あ)げる • (yakushiageru) ichidan (stem 訳(やく)し上(あ)げ (yakushiage), past 訳(やく)し上(あ)げた (yakushiageta))

訳し上げる (canonical)
yakushiageru (romanization)
訳し上げ (stem)
訳し上げた (past)
訳し上げ
やくしあげ
yakushiage
訳し上げる
やくしあげる
yakushiageru
訳し上げれ
やくしあげれ
yakushiagere
訳し上げよ (imperative literary)
訳し上げろ (colloquial imperative)
やくしあげよ (imperative literary)
やくしあげろ (colloquial imperative)
yakushiageyo (imperative literary)
yakushiagero (colloquial imperative)
訳し上げられる (passive)
やくしあげられる (passive)
yakushiagerareru (passive)
訳し上げさせる (causative)
訳し上げさす (causative)
やくしあげさせる (causative)
やくしあげさす (causative)
yakushiagesaseru (causative)
yakushiagesasu (causative)
訳し上げられる (potential)
訳し上げれる (colloquial potential)
やくしあげられる (potential)
やくしあげれる (colloquial potential)
yakushiagerareru (potential)
yakushiagereru (colloquial potential)
訳し上げよう (volitional)
やくしあげよう (volitional)
yakushiageyō (volitional)
訳し上げない (negative)
訳し上げぬ (negative)
訳し上げん (negative)
やくしあげない (negative)
やくしあげぬ (negative)
やくしあげん (negative)
yakushiagenai (negative)
yakushiagenu (negative)
yakushiagen (negative)
訳し上げず (continuative negative)
やくしあげず (continuative negative)
yakushiagezu (continuative negative)
訳し上げます (formal)
やくしあげます (formal)
yakushiagemasu (formal)
訳し上げた (perfective)
やくしあげた (perfective)
yakushiageta (perfective)
訳し上げて (conjunctive)
やくしあげて (conjunctive)
yakushiagete (conjunctive)
訳し上げれば (conditional hypothetical)
やくしあげれば (conditional hypothetical)
yakushiagereba (conditional hypothetical)

to translate in accordance with native word order


訳し下げる

訳(やく)し下(さ)げる • (yakushisageru) ichidan (stem 訳(やく)し下(さ)げ (yakushisage), past 訳(やく)し下(さ)げた (yakushisageta))

訳し下げる (canonical)
yakushisageru (romanization)
訳し下げ (stem)
訳し下げた (past)
訳し下げ
やくしさげ
yakushisage
訳し下げる
やくしさげる
yakushisageru
訳し下げれ
やくしさげれ
yakushisagere
訳し下げよ (imperative literary)
訳し下げろ (colloquial imperative)
やくしさげよ (imperative literary)
やくしさげろ (colloquial imperative)
yakushisageyo (imperative literary)
yakushisagero (colloquial imperative)
訳し下げられる (passive)
やくしさげられる (passive)
yakushisagerareru (passive)
訳し下げさせる (causative)
訳し下げさす (causative)
やくしさげさせる (causative)
やくしさげさす (causative)
yakushisagesaseru (causative)
yakushisagesasu (causative)
訳し下げられる (potential)
訳し下げれる (colloquial potential)
やくしさげられる (potential)
やくしさげれる (colloquial potential)
yakushisagerareru (potential)
yakushisagereru (colloquial potential)
訳し下げよう (volitional)
やくしさげよう (volitional)
yakushisageyō (volitional)
訳し下げない (negative)
訳し下げぬ (negative)
訳し下げん (negative)
やくしさげない (negative)
やくしさげぬ (negative)
やくしさげん (negative)
yakushisagenai (negative)
yakushisagenu (negative)
yakushisagen (negative)
訳し下げず (continuative negative)
やくしさげず (continuative negative)
yakushisagezu (continuative negative)
訳し下げます (formal)
やくしさげます (formal)
yakushisagemasu (formal)
訳し下げた (perfective)
やくしさげた (perfective)
yakushisageta (perfective)
訳し下げて (conjunctive)
やくしさげて (conjunctive)
yakushisagete (conjunctive)
訳し下げれば (conditional hypothetical)
やくしさげれば (conditional hypothetical)
yakushisagereba (conditional hypothetical)

to translate piecemeal without regard for native word order


楷書体

楷書体 (canonical)
kaisho-tai (romanization)

From 楷書(かいしょ) (kaisho, “regular script”) + 体(たい) (tai).


拡張新字体

ja-noun

拡(かく)張(ちょう)新(しん)字(じ)体(たい) • (kakuchō shinjitai)

拡張新字体 (canonical)
kakuchō shinjitai (romanization)

From 拡張(かくちょう) (kakuchō, “extension”) + 新字体(しんじたい) (shinjitai, “shinjitai”).

ja-compound

extended shinjitai (unofficial shinjitai)


丸ゴシック体

丸ゴシック体 (canonical)
maru-goshikku-tai (romanization)

From 丸(まる) (maru, “round”) + ゴシック (goshikku) + 体(たい) (tai).


江戸文字

江戸文字 (canonical)
Edo moji (romanization)

From 江戸(えど) (Edo, “Edo”) + 文字(もじ) (moji, “characters”).

(calligraphy and typography) "Edo characters", distinctive calligraphic (and later, typographic) styles that were born in the Edo period


人名用漢字

ja-noun

人(じん)名(めい)用(よう)漢(かん)字(じ) • (jinmei-yō kanji)

人名用漢字 (canonical)
jinmei-yō kanji (romanization)

[d͡ʑĩmːe̞ːjo̞ː kã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑi]

From 人名(じんめい) (jinmei, “name of a person”) + 用(よう) (-yō, “for its use”) + 漢字(かんじ) (kanji, “kanji”).

ja-compound

kanji approved for use in names registered in the 戸籍(こせき) (koseki, “family register”)


勘亭流

勘亭流 (canonical)
Kantei-ryū (romanization)

[kã̠nte̞ːɾʲɨː]

The style is said to have been created by 岡崎屋(おかざきや)勘六(かんろく) (Okazakiya Kanroku, calligrapher, 1746–1805), whose pen-name (号(ごう)) was 勘亭(かんてい) (Kantei).

ja-r

^おかざきや% ^かんろく

江戸文字(えどもじ) 江戸文字#Japanese

(callligraphy and typography) Kantei-ryū, a type of 江戸文字(えどもじ) (Edo moji) usually associated with kabuki signage and characterized by thick, flowing, and rounded strokes


運筆

the way in which a calligrapher moves the brush


簡易慣用字体

ja-noun

かんい かんよう じたい

簡(かん)易(い)慣(かん)用(よう)字(じ)体(たい) • (kan'i kan'yō jitai)

簡易慣用字体 (canonical)
kan'i kan'yō jitai (romanization)

From 簡易(かんい) (kan'i, “simple”) + 慣用(かんよう) (kan'yō, “common usage”) + 字体(じたい) (jitai, “form of a character”).

ja-compound

印刷標準字体 印刷標準字体#Japanese

variant kanji whose use in place of the 印刷標準字体 (insatsu hyōjun jitai) has been approved


印刷標準字体

ja-noun

いんさつ ひょうじゅん じたい

いんさつ へうじゆん じたい

印(いん)刷(さつ)標(ひょう)準(じゅん)字(じ)体(たい) • (insatsu hyōjun jitai) ^(←いんさつへうじゆんじたい (insatu feuzyun zitai)?)

印刷標準字体 (canonical)
insatsu hyōjun jitai (romanization)
insatu feuzyun zitai (romanization)
いんさつへうじゆんじたい (hiragana historical)

From 印刷(いんさつ) (insatsu, “printing”) + 標準(ひょうじゅん) (hyōjun, “standard”) + 字体(じたい) (jitai, “form of a character”).

ja-compound

standard form of a 表外漢字 (hyōgai kanji) used in printing; Publishing Standard Glyphs


教科書体

教科書体 (canonical)
kyōkasho-tai (romanization)

From 教(きょう)科(か)書(しょ) (kyōkasho, “schoolbook”) + 体(たい) (-tai, “calligraphic style”).

(typography) a style reminiscent of 楷(かい)書(しょ)体(たい) (kaishotai) written using a pen, used in pedagogy


康熙字典

ja-pos

康(こう)熙(き)字(じ)典(てん) • (Kōkijiten) ^(←かうきじてん (Kaukiziten)?)

康熙字典 (canonical)
Kōkijiten (romanization)
Kaukiziten (romanization)
かうきじてん (hiragana historical)

the Kangxi Dictionary (dictionary and cross reference of Chinese characters, first published in 1716 at the behest of the Kangxi emperor, and used to the present day).


和習

和習 (canonical)
washū (romanization)
wasifu (romanization)
わしふ (hiragana historical)

変体漢文

変体漢文 へんたいかんぶん

Japanism that appears in Literary Chinese composed by a Japanese person


変体漢文

変体漢文 (canonical)
hentai kanbun (romanization)

From 変体(へんたい) (hentai, “variant”) + 漢文(かんぶん) (kanbun, “Literary Chinese”).

ja-compound

pseudo-Literary Chinese that records the Japanese language


漢文訓読

漢文訓読 (canonical)
kanbun kundoku (romanization)

[kã̠mbɯ̟ŋ kɯ̟̃ndo̞kɯ̟]

From 漢文 (kanbun, “Literary Chinese”) + 訓読 (kundoku, “native reading of kanji”).

com

(orthography) the Japanese reading of Literary Chinese by a literal translation


推量形

ja-noun

推(すい)量(りょう)形(けい) • (suiryōkei) ^(←すいりやうけい (suiryaukei)?)

推量形 (canonical)
suiryōkei (romanization)
suiryaukei (romanization)
すいりやうけい (hiragana historical)

[sɨiɾʲo̞ːke̞ː]


トゥルーエンド

トゥルーエンド • (turū endo)

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from true + end.

pseudo-loan

(gaming) "true" ending of a storyline with multiple endings (as decided by the game's creator), which is usually the most idyllic and ideal


命令法

[me̞ːɾe̞ːho̞ː]

By surface analysis, 命令 (meirei, “order, command”) + 法 (hō, “mood”).


表外漢字

表外漢字 (canonical)
hyōgai kanji (romanization)

[ço̞ːɡa̠ikã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑi]

Kanji characters outside of the jōyō kanji and jinmeiyō kanji lists. For example, 攪.


常用外漢字

ja-noun

常(じょう)用(よう)外(がい)漢(かん)字(じ) • (jōyōgai kanji)

常用外漢字 (canonical)
jōyōgai kanji (romanization)

[d͡ʑo̞ːjo̞ːɡa̠i kã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑi]

From 常用 (jōyō, “general use”) + 外 (-gai, “outside”) + 漢字 (kanji, “Chinese character”).


常用漢字

ja-noun

常(じょう)用(よう)漢(かん)字(じ) • (jōyō kanji) ^(←じやうようかんじ (zyauyoukanzi)?)

常用漢字 (canonical)
jōyō kanji (romanization)
zyauyoukanzi (romanization)
じやうようかんじ (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑo̞ːjo̞ː kã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑi]

From 常用 (jōyō, “general use”) + 漢字 (kanji, “Chinese character”).

com

文部科学省 文部科学省#Japanese

Ministry of Education
ministry of education

kanji approved for regular use by the 文部科学省 (Monbu-kagaku-shō, “Japanese Ministry of Education”)


次様

ja-noun

次(つぎ)様(ざま) or 次(つぎ)様(さま) • (tsugizama or tsugisama)

次様 (canonical)
次様 (canonical)
tsugizama (romanization)
tsugisama (romanization)


ワンダーウーマン

ja-pos

ワンダーウーマン • (Wandā Ūman)

[β̞ã̠nda̠ː ɯ̟ːmã̠ɴ]


文字組み

文字組み (canonical)
mojikumi (romanization)

From 文字 (moji, “character”) + 組み (kumi, “composition”).

af

Holonym: 植字 (shokuji)

(typography) character composition (arrangement and spacing of characters so that they are distributed in a body of text correctly, according to typographic rules)


多義性

(linguistics, semantics) polysemy, ambiguity, the quality of having more than one meaning


うちなーぐち

ja-noun

うちなーぐち or ウチナーグチ • (uchināguchi)

うちなーぐち (canonical)
ウチナーグチ (canonical)
uchināguchi (romanization)

[ɯ̟t͡ɕina̠ːɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]

Unadapted borrowing from Okinawan 沖縄口(うちなーぐち) (uchināguchi).


大和口

大和口 (canonical)
yamatoguchi (romanization)

Orthographic borrowing from Okinawan 大和(やまとぅ)口(ぐち) (Yamatuguchi).


古訓

古訓 (canonical)
kokun (romanization)
こくん (hiragana historical)

『日本書紀』古訓

(linguistics) kun-reading of a text or phrase from ancient times


多義語

2018 December 4 (last accessed), “Dai-nana kai, Tagigo wa gogen kara semeru [#7, Tackle polysemy from word roots]”, in Ei-tango no osae doko:

皆さん、capitalという単語を知っていますか。これは、俗にいう、多義語と呼ばれる単語になります。

Mina-san, kyapitaru to iu tango o shitteimasu ka. Kore wa, zoku ni iu, tagigo to yobareru tango ni narimasu.

Everyone, do you know the word capital? This is what is called a polysemous word.

(linguistics, semantics) a polyseme, a word or expression with more than one meaning


否定形

From 否定(ひてい) (hitei, “denial, negation”) + 形(けい) (kei, “form”).


原義

原義 (canonical)
gengi (romanization)
げんぎ (hiragana historical)

original meaning (of a word or phrase); primary meaning


転注

(linguistics) figurative extension of meaning

指事: ideogram

六書 (rikusho): The six types of Han characters


カ変

カ行変格活用 カ行変格活用#Japanese

(grammar) Short for カ行変格活用 (ka-gyō henkaku katsuyō): k-irregular conjugation


勅撰和歌集

ja-noun

勅(ちょく)撰(せん)和(わ)歌(か)集(しゅう) • (chokusen wakashū) ^(←ちよくせんわかしふ (tyokusen'wakasifu)?)

勅撰和歌集 (canonical)
chokusen wakashū (romanization)
tyokusen'wakasifu (romanization)
ちよくせんわかしふ (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕo̞kɯ̟se̞ɰ̃ β̞a̠ka̠ɕɨː]

勅撰 (chokusen, “imperial compilation”) + 和歌 (waka, “classical Japanese poem”) + 集 (shū, “collection”).

com

an anthology of poetry commissioned by order of an Emperor of Japan


古今和歌集

ja-pos

古(こ)今(きん)和(わ)歌(か)集(しゅう) • (Kokin Wakashū) ^(←こきんわかしふ (Kokin Wakasifu)?)

古今和歌集 (canonical)
Kokin Wakashū (romanization)
Kokin Wakasifu (romanization)
こきんわかしふ (hiragana historical)

[ko̞kʲiɰ̃ β̞a̠ka̠ɕɨː]

From 古今 (kokin, “ancient and modern”) + 和歌 (waka, “classical Japanese poem”) + 集 (shū, “collection”).

com

勅撰和歌集 勅撰和歌集#Japanese

the first of the 勅撰和歌集 (chokusen wakashū, “imperial waka anthologies”), compiled in 905-914 CE

Ariwara no Motokata
Fujiwara no Toshiyuki


新勅撰和歌集

ja-pos

しんちょくせん わかしゅう

新(しん)勅(ちょく)撰(せん)和(わ)歌(か)集(しゅう) • (Shinchokusen Wakashū)

新勅撰和歌集 (canonical)
Shinchokusen Wakashū (romanization)

From 新 (shin-, “new”) + 勅撰和歌集 (chokusen wakashū, “poem collection by order of an emperor”).

prefix

the ninth imperial waka anthology, compiled in 1232-35


新古今和歌集

ja-pos

しん こきん わかしゅう

^しん ^こきん ^わかしふ

新(しん)古(こ)今(きん)和(わ)歌(か)集(しゅう) • (Shin Kokin Wakashū) ^(←しんこきんわかしふ (Sin Kokin Wakasifu)?)

新古今和歌集 (canonical)
Kokin Wakashū (Shin)
Sin Kokin Wakasifu (romanization)
しんこきんわかしふ (hiragana historical)

From 新 (shin-, “new”) + 古今和歌集 (Kokin Wakashū, waka anthology compiled in 905 CE).
Literally the “New Collection of Ancient and Modern Poems”.

prefix

waka anthology compiled in 905 <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>

勅撰和歌集 勅撰和歌集#Japanese

the eighth of the 勅撰和歌集 (chokusen wakashū, “imperial waka anthologies”), compiled in 1201-05


小倉百人一首

ja-pos

おぐら ひゃくにん いっしゅ

^をぐら ^ひやくにん ^いつしゆ

小(お)倉(ぐら)百(ひゃく)人(にん)一(いっ)首(しゅ) • (Ogura Hyakunin Isshu) ^(←をぐらひやくにんいつしゆ (Wogura Fyakunin Itusyu)?)

小倉百人一首 (canonical)
Ogura Hyakunin Isshu (romanization)
Wogura Fyakunin Itusyu (romanization)
をぐらひやくにんいつしゆ (hiragana historical)

From 小倉 (Ogura, a district in Kyoto) + 百人一首 (hyakunin isshu, “one hundred poems by one hundred poets anthology”).

com

the famous of the “one hundred poems by one hundred poets” anthologies, compiled by Fujiwara no Teika in c. 1235, used in the basis of certain card games

Emperor Juntoku
Emperor Tenji
Gosen Wakashū
Princess Shikishi
Shokugosen Wakashū


後撰和歌集

ja-pos

後(ご)撰(せん)和(わ)歌(か)集(しゅう) • (Gosen Wakashū) ^(←ごせんわかしふ (Gosen'wakasifu)?)

後撰和歌集 (canonical)
Gosen Wakashū (romanization)
Gosen'wakasifu (romanization)
ごせんわかしふ (hiragana historical)

From 後 (go, “later”) + 撰 (sen, “collection, compilation”) + 和歌 (waka, “classical Japanese poem”) + 集 (shū, “collection”).

com

勅撰和歌集 勅撰和歌集#Japanese

the second of the 勅撰和歌集 (chokusen wakashū, “imperial waka anthologies”), compiled in c. 951-953 CE


エータ

From English eta or learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἦτα (êta).


イオタ

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἰῶτα (iôta). Compare Greek γιώτα (gióta).


クシー

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ξῖ (xî).


ミュー

From English mu or learned borrowing from Ancient Greek μῦ (mû).


ラムダ

From English lambda, from Ancient Greek λᾰ́μβδᾰ (lámbda).


オミクロン

[o̞mʲikɯ̟ɾõ̞ɴ]

From English omicron or learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ὂ μικρόν (ò mikrón).


ロー

From English rho or learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ῥῶ (rhô).


フィー

Learned borrowing from Latin phi, from Ancient Greek φεῖ (pheî).


タウ

From English tau or learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ταῦ (taû).


シグマ

From English sigma from Ancient Greek σῖγμᾰ (sîgma).

ja:Σ
ja:シグマ (曖昧さ回避)


プシー

Learned borrowing from Latin psi, from Ancient Greek ψεῖ (pseî).


ゼータ

ja-noun

ゼータ • (zēta)

Borrowed from English zeta. Doublet of ゼット (zetto).


インテル

ja:インテル (印刷)
ja:インテル (曖昧さ回避)

インテルを入れる

インテルを取る ― interu o toru ― to unlead


ソマリ語

ソマリ語 (canonical)
Somari-go (romanization)

From ソマリ (Somari, “Somali”) + 語 (-go, “language”).


金剛経

ja-pos

金(こん)剛(ごう)経(きょう) • (Kongō-kyō) ^(←こんがうきやう (Kongau-kyau)?)

金剛経 (canonical)
Kongō-kyō (romanization)
Kongau-kyau (romanization)
こんがうきやう (hiragana historical)

[kõ̞ŋɡo̞ːkʲo̞ː]

金剛般若波羅蜜多経 金剛般若波羅蜜多経#Japanese

Clipping of 金剛般若波羅蜜多経 (Kongō Hannya Haramita-kyō): the Diamond-cutter Perfection of Wisdom Sutra


金剛般若波羅蜜多経

^こんごう ^はんにゃ ^はらみた-きょう

^こんがう ^はんにや ^はらみた-きやう

金(こん)剛(ごう)般(はん)若(にゃ)波(は)羅(ら)蜜(み)多(た)経(きょう) • (Kongō Hannya Haramita-kyō) ^(←こんがうはんにやはらみたきやう (Kongau Fannya Faramita-kyau)?)

金剛般若波羅蜜多経 (canonical)
Kongō Hannya Haramita-kyō (romanization)
Kongau Fannya Faramita-kyau (romanization)
こんがうはんにやはらみたきやう (hiragana historical)

Partial calque of Sanskrit वज्रच्छेदिकाप्रज्ञापारमितासूत्र (Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra).
Equivalent to 金(こん)剛(ごう) (kongō, “vajra → diamond”) + 般(はん)若(にゃ)波(は)羅(ら)蜜(み)多(た) (hannya haramita, “perfection of wisdom (prajnaparamita)”) + 経(きょう) (kyō, “sutra”).

semi-calque

वज्रच्छेदिकाप्रज्ञापारमितासूत्र

ja-compound

はん%にゃ は%ら%み%た

(Buddhism) the Diamond-cutter Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra


造語

造語 (canonical)
zōgo (romanization)
zaugo (romanization)
ざうご (hiragana historical)

Compound of 造(ぞう) (zō, “to create”) + 語(ご) (-go, “words”).


造語

造語する (canonical)
zōgo suru (romanization)
zaugo (romanization)
造語し (stem)
造語した (past)
造語し
ぞうごし
zōgo shi
造語する
ぞうごする
zōgo suru
造語すれ
ぞうごすれ
zōgo sure
造語せよ (imperative literary)
造語しろ (colloquial imperative)
ぞうごせよ (imperative literary)
ぞうごしろ (colloquial imperative)
zōgo seyo (imperative literary)
zōgo shiro (colloquial imperative)
造語される (passive)
ぞうごされる (passive)
zōgo sareru (passive)
造語させる (causative)
造語さす (causative)
ぞうごさせる (causative)
ぞうごさす (causative)
zōgo saseru (causative)
zōgo sasu (causative)
造語できる (potential)
ぞうごできる (potential)
zōgo dekiru (potential)
造語しよう (volitional)
ぞうごしよう (volitional)
zōgo shiyō (volitional)
造語しない (negative)
ぞうごしない (negative)
zōgo shinai (negative)
造語せず (continuative negative)
ぞうごせず (continuative negative)
zōgo sezu (continuative negative)
造語します (formal)
ぞうごします (formal)
zōgo shimasu (formal)
造語した (perfective)
ぞうごした (perfective)
zōgo shita (perfective)
造語して (conjunctive)
ぞうごして (conjunctive)
zōgo shite (conjunctive)
造語すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ぞうごすれば (conditional hypothetical)
zōgo sureba (conditional hypothetical)


パーリ語

[pa̠ːɾʲi ɡo̞]


かたこと

かたこと (canonical)
カタコト (canonical)
katakoto (romanization)

片言（の）日本語


借用語

借用語 (canonical)
shakuyōgo (romanization)

[ɕa̠kɯ̟jo̞ːɡo̞]

Compound of 借用 (shakuyō, “borrow (for purposes of using)”) + 語 (-go, “word, expression”).

suf

外来語

modern loanword, usually of European origin


四書五経

ja-pos

四(し)書(しょ)五(ご)経(きょう) • (Shisho Gokyō) ^(←ししよごきやう (Sisyo Gokyau)?)

四書五経 (canonical)
Shisho Gokyō (romanization)
Sisyo Gokyau (romanization)
ししよごきやう (hiragana historical)

[ɕi̥ɕo̞ ɡo̞kʲo̞ː]

From Literary Chinese 四書五經 (Sìshūwǔjīng).


冗言

[d͡ʑo̞ːɡẽ̞ɴ]


男性語

[dã̠ɰ̃se̞ːɡo̞]

(linguistics) men's language; men's speech


女性語

[d͡ʑo̞se̞ːɡo̞]

(linguistics) women's language; women's speech


ネパール語

ネパール語 (canonical)
Nepāru-go (romanization)

[ne̞pa̠ːɾɯ̟ ɡo̞]

From ネパール (Nepāru, “Nepal”) + 語 (-go, “language”).


死者の書

死者の書 (canonical)
Shisha no Sho (romanization)

Calque of German Todtenbuch (modern spelling: Totenbuch), equivalent to 死者 (shisha, “dead person”) + の (no, possessive/attributive particle) + 書 (sho, “book”)


三国志

三国志 (canonical)
Sangokushi (romanization)

(history) the Records of the Three Kingdoms


三国志演義

ja-pos

三(さん)国(ごく)志(し)演(えん)義(ぎ) • (Sangokushi Engi)

三国志演義 (canonical)
Sangokushi Engi (romanization)

From Chinese 三國志演義／三国志演义 (Sānguózhì Yǎnyì).


スター・ウォーズ

スター・ウォーズ • (Sutā Wōzu)

[sɨta̠ː β̞o̞ːzɨ]


甲骨文字

甲骨文字 (canonical)
kōkotsu moji (romanization)


北京官話

ja-noun

北京官話(ペキンかんわ) • (Pekin kanwa) ^(←ペキンくわんわ (Pekin kwan'wa)?)

北京官話 (canonical)
Pekin kanwa (romanization)
Pekin kwan'wa (romanization)
ペキンくわんわ (historical katakana)

[pe̞kʲiŋ kã̠ɰ̃β̞a̠]

(standard) Mandarin (literally: Beijing Mandarin)


スロヴァキア語

スロヴァキア語 (canonical)
surovakiago (romanization)


借訓

[ɕa̠k̚kɯ̟̃ɴ]

Example: using 竜 (tatsu, “dragon”) to represent 立つ (tatsu, “to stand”)

using the 訓読(くんよ)み (kun'yomi, “native Japanese reading”) of kanji to represent 大和(やまと)言(こと)葉(ば) (yamato kotoba, “native Japanese words”), irrespective of the kanji's actual meaning


シュトゥルム・ウント・ドラング

^シュトゥルム・ウント・^ドラング

シュトゥルム・ウント・ドラング • (Shuturumu unto Dorangu)

シュトゥルムウントドラング

[ɕɨ̥tɯ̟ɾɯ̟mɯ̟ ɯ̟̃nto̞ do̞ɾã̠ŋɡɯ̟]

From English Sturm und Drang, from German Sturm und Drang.

(literature, music, theater) Sturm und Drang

ja:シュトゥルム・ウント・ドラング


ジョージア語

ジョージア語 (canonical)
jōjiago (romanization)

[d͡ʑo̞ːʑia̠ɡo̞]


グルジア語

グルジア語 (canonical)
gurujiago (romanization)

[ɡɯ̟ɾɯ̟ʑia̠ɡo̞]


密室殺人

密(みっ)室(しつ)殺(さつ)人(じん) • (misshitsu satsujin)

密室殺人 (canonical)
misshitsu satsujin (romanization)

From 密室 (misshitsu, “room locked from the inside”) + 殺人 (satsujin, “murder”).

af

1995 June 1 [1993 February 17], Yōzaburō Kanari with Satō, Fumiya, “オペラ座(ざ)館(かん)殺(さつ)人(じん)事(じ)件(けん)②(に) [The Opera House Murder Case #2]”, in 金(きん)田(だ)一(いち)少(しょう)年(ねん)の事(じ)件(けん)簿(ぼ) [Young Kindaichi Case Files], 14th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 100:

〝密室殺人〟⁉

〝密室殺人〟⁉

a locked-room murder (murder in a room locked from the inside)


エデン

エデンの園

1995 June 1 [1993 April 17], Yōzaburō Kanari with Fumiya Satō, “異(い)人(じん)館(かん)村(むら)殺(さつ)人(じん)事(じ)件(けん)⑪(じゅういち) [The Western-Style Village Murder Case #11]”, in 金(きん)田(だ)一(いち)少(しょう)年(ねん)の事(じ)件(けん)簿(ぼ) [The Kindaichi Case Files], 14th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN:

The Apple of Eden started to burn — along with greed, hatred and sorrow. Everything was engulfed in the red flames.

禁断の果実が燃えてゆく——欲望も憎悪も悲しみも すべてが赤い炎につつまれて‥‥

Eden no Ringo ga moete yuku—— Yokubō mo zōo mo kanashimi mo Subete ga akai honō ni tsutsumarete‥‥


エデンの園

From エデン (“Eden”) + の (no, attributive particle) + 園 (sono, “garden”).


禁断の果実

ja-noun

禁(きん)断(だん)の果(か)実(じつ) • (kindan no kajitsu)

禁断の果実 (canonical)
kindan no kajitsu (romanization)

Calque of English forbidden fruit, from a compound of 禁断 (kindan, “forbidden”) + の (no, attributive particle) + 果実 (kajitsu, “fruit”).


シェイクスピア

2002 February 18, Inokuma, Shinobu, “LAST(ラスト) PART(パート) サラダデイズは永(えい)遠(えん)に… [Last Part: Forever Salad Days…]”, in SALAD(サラダ) DAYS(デイズ) [Salad Days], volume 18 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, pages 187–188:

A quote from Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra. Cleopatra said that when she was looking back at her past. We have some… "salad days", too, kinda like them.

シェイクスピアのね、「アントニーとクレオパトラ」の中の一節。過去をふり返ってクレオパトラが言う台詞だよ。あの二人は私たちの…〝サラダデイズ〟だわ。

Sheikusupia no ne,“Antonī to Kureopatora” no naka no issetsu. Kako o furikaette Kureopatora ga iu serifu da yo. Ano futari wa watashitachi no…〝sarada deizu〟da wa.


已然

已然 (canonical)
izen (romanization)
いぜん (hiragana historical)

(chiefly grammar) already being so (see 已然形)


故実読み

故実読み (canonical)
kojitsuyomi (romanization)

Example: reading 和田信賢 (Wada Nobukata) as 和田信賢 (Wada Shinken)

(linguistics) special reading of kanji; especially, reading given names using the 音読み (on'yomi)


有職読み

ja-noun

有(ゆう)職(そく)読(よ)み • (yūsokuyomi) ^(←いうそくよみ (iusokuyomi)?)

有職読み (canonical)
yūsokuyomi (romanization)
iusokuyomi (romanization)
いうそくよみ (hiragana historical)


使役動詞

使役動詞 (canonical)
shieki dōshi (romanization)

From 使役 (shieki, “setting to work, causative”) + 動詞 (dōshi, “verb”).


新撰万葉集

ja-pos

しんせん まんようしゅう

新(しん)撰(せん)万(まん)葉(よう)集(しゅう) • (Shinsen Man'yōshū) ^(←しんせんまんえふしふ (Sinsenman'efusifu)?)

新撰万葉集 (canonical)
Shinsen Man'yōshū (romanization)
Sinsenman'efusifu (romanization)
しんせんまんえふしふ (hiragana historical)

From 新撰 (shinsen, “new compilation/selection”) + 万葉集 (Man'yōshū, oldest anthology of poems compiled in c. 759 CE).

com

oldest anthology of poems compiled in c. 759 <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>

私撰和歌集 私撰和歌集#Japanese

a 私撰和歌集 (shisen wakashū, “privately-compiled anthology of poems”) in two volumes, thought to be compiled by Sugawara no Michizane around 893–913 CE, with the poems completely written in 万葉仮名 (man'yōgana)


花押

花押 (canonical)
kaō (romanization)
kwaafu (romanization)
くわあふ (hiragana historical)


現在完了

現在完了 (canonical)
genzai kanryō (romanization)

From 現在 (genzai, “present”) + 完了 (kanryō, “completion”).

compound

完了時制: perfect tense

完了時制 かんりょうじせい


完了形

完了形 (canonical)
kanryōkei (romanization)

From 完了 (kanryō, “completion”) + 形 (kei, “shape, form”).

完了時制

完了時制 かんりょうじせい


完了時制

完了時制 (canonical)
kanryō jisei (romanization)

From 完了 (kanryō, “completion”) + 時制 (jisei, “grammatical tense”).


源氏物語

ja-pos

源(げん)氏(じ)物(もの)語(がたり) • (Genji Monogatari)

源氏物語 (canonical)
Genji Monogatari (romanization)

Chinese: 源氏物語／源氏物语 (Yuánshì Wùyǔ)

From 源氏 (Genji, short for 光源氏 (Hikaru Genji), its titular protagonist) + 物語 (monogatari, “story, tale”).

com

short for <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">光源氏</i> (Hikaru Genji), its titular protagonist

The Tale of Genji (novel by Murasaki Shikibu)


手弱女振り

ja-noun

手弱女振(たおやめぶ)り • (taoyameburi) ^(←たをやめぶり (tawoyameburi)?)

手弱女振り (canonical)
taoyameburi (romanization)
tawoyameburi (romanization)
たをやめぶり (hiragana historical)

Coined by Kamo no Mabuchi.
Compound of 手弱女 (taoyame, “virtuous, beautiful lady”) + 振り (-buri, “style”).

suffix

古今和歌集 古今和歌集#Japanese

(poetry) a feminine poetic style exhibited in poetry anthologies after the 古今和歌集 (Kokin Wakashū)


素性

素性 (canonical)
sosei (romanization)
そせい (hiragana historical)

ja:弁別的素性 ja:文法範疇#屈折素性


懐剣

ja-noun

懐(かい)剣(けん) • (kaiken) ^(←くわいけん (kwaiken)?)

懐剣 (canonical)
kaiken (romanization)
kwaiken (romanization)
くわいけん (hiragana historical)

/kwaiken/ → /kaiken/
Appears to be a coinage in Japanese of Middle Chinese-derived roots, as a compound of 懐 (kai, “bosom; the chest area of a kimono above the 帯 (obi, “sash”) and inside the collar”) + 剣 (ken, “sword”). Appears in texts from the 1300s.

compound

bosom; the chest area of a kimono above the <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">帯</i> (obi, “sash”) and inside the collar

(poetry) working on possible response lines for a 連歌 (renga, “linked poem”), 俳諧 (haikai, “amusing style of waka Japanese poetry”), or similar call and response style of performed poetry, prior to a performance; any lines prepared before such a performance


ピリオド

(orthography, in languages using European writing systems) full stop; period


逆接

逆接 (canonical)
gyakusetsu (romanization)

1991, Michio Ōnishi, Tansakubun no jugyō [Short-essay instruction], page 108:

記述量がふえてきている。逆接と順接の接続助詞の使用が目立つ。

Kijutsu ryō ga fuetekiteiru. Gyakusetsu to junsetsu no setsuzoku joshi no shiyō ga medatsu.

There is increasing description. The use of contrastive and resultative particles is noteable.

(grammar) adversative, contrastive; a particle or conjunction that joins two phrases and indicates that their meanings contrast or differ from one another or from expectation


順接

記述量がふえてきている。逆接と順接の接続助詞の使用が目立つ。

(grammar) resultative, a particle or conjunction that joins two phrases or clauses and indicates that the first is the cause and the second is the result


順接

順接する (canonical)
junsetsu suru (romanization)
順接し (stem)
順接した (past)

2004, Hajime Takamizawa, Shin hajimete no Nihongo kyōiku [New beginning Japanese textbook], connective particle, page 100:

「優しくてきれい」「映画を見なりテニスをしたりした」「頭が痛いしせきも出る」の中の「て、たり、し、ながら、つつ」のように文を順接するものや、「夏は涼しいが、冬は暖かい」の中の「が、けれど、のに」のように逆接の意味を表す

“yasashikute kirei” “eiga o minari tenisu o shitari shita” “atama ga itai shi seki mo deru” no naka no “te, tari, shi, nagara, tsutsu” no yō ni bun o junsetsu suru mono ya, “natsu wa suzushī ga, fuyu wa atatakai” no naka no “ga, keredo, noni” no yō ni gyakusetsu no imi o arawasu

In phrases such as “gentle and lovely”, “was watching movies and playing tennis”, “a headache and coughing”, words such as “te, tari, shi, nagara, tsutsu” that connect meanings, or in “cool summer but warm winter”, words such as “ga, keredo, noni” that express contrast in meaning

(grammar) to connect two or more predicates, to indicate cause and effect, to specify a result


ハ行転呼音

ja-noun

ハ-ぎょう てんこ.おん

ハ行(ぎょう)転(てん)呼(こ)音(おん) • (ha-gyō tenkoon)

ハ行転呼音 (canonical)
ha-gyō tenkoon (romanization)

From ハ行 (ha-gyō, “ha-row”) + 転呼音 (tenkoon, “historical sound shift”).

com

(linguistics) a historical consonantal shift of the Japanese language involving the kana は/ハ (ha), ひ/ヒ (hi), ふ/フ (fu), へ/ヘ (he), and ほ/ホ (ho)


ハ行転呼

ハ行転呼 (canonical)
ha-gyō tenko (romanization)

[ha̠ɡʲo̞ː tẽ̞ŋko̞]

Compound of ハ行 (ha-gyō, “ha-row”) + 転呼 (tenko, “pronunciation shift”, specific to how a kana character may take on an irregular pronunciation in certain contexts). So called for the way this particular pronunciation shift affected the set of morae in Japanese that began with the /f/ sound at that time, represented by the kana in the row starting with は or ハ (ha) in the modern pronunciation and ordering.

compound

だが私は、『寂』や『昆』におけるハ行転呼の注記というものはもっと大まかなものであろうと考えている。

1972, 秋永一枝, 古今和歌集声点本の研究: 硏究篇

平安末ければならないはずであるが、九条家本『法華経音』のフ入声が特立された時点で、すでにハ行転呼の現象によって、音であったかは直接関係がないとされた。

1988, 奥村三雄, 奥村三雄教授退官記念国語学論叢

ひひらく(ぐ)のように第二音節がハ行転呼を起こさない語形も考えられる。

1994, 小学館, 小学館古語大辞典

(linguistics) a specific historical consonantal shift of the Japanese language during the Heian Period, wherein many word-medial /f/ sounds changed to /w/ sounds


沖縄語

ja-noun

沖(おき)縄(なわ)語(ご) • (okinawago) ^(←おきなはご (okinafago)?)

沖縄語 (canonical)
okinawago (romanization)
okinafago (romanization)
おきなはご (hiragana historical)

From 沖縄 (Okinawa, “Okinawa”) + 語 (-go, “language”).


憎悪表現

憎悪表現 (canonical)
zōohyōgen (romanization)

[d͡zo̞ːo̞ço̞ːɡẽ̞ɴ]

憎(ぞう)悪(お) (zōo, “hatred”) + 表(ひょう)現(げん) (hyōgen, “expression”).


く゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable く゚ (ngu). Its equivalent in katakana is ク゚ (ngu).


け゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable け゚ (nge). Its equivalent in katakana is ケ゚ (nge).


か゚

The character か (ka) with a 半濁点 (handakuten, “half-voiced mark”).

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable か゚ (nga). Its equivalent in katakana is カ゚ (nga).


ケ゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The katakana syllable ケ゚ (nge). Its equivalent in hiragana is け゚ (nge).

Halfwidth katakana characters ｱｧ ｲｨ ｳｩ ｴｪ ｵｫ ｶ ｷ ｸ ｹ ｺ ｻ ｼ ｽ ｾ ｿ ﾀ ﾁ ﾂｯ ﾃ ﾄ ﾅ ﾆ ﾇ ﾈ ﾉ ﾊ ﾋ ﾌ ﾍ ﾎ ﾏ ﾐ ﾑ ﾒ ﾓ ﾔｬ ﾕｭ ﾖｮ ﾗ ﾘ ﾙ ﾚ ﾛ ﾜ ｦ ﾝ

Taiwanese kana tone signs 𚿰 𚿱 𚿲 𚿳 𚿵 𚿶 𚿷 𚿸 𚿹 𚿺 𚿻 𚿽 𚿾


き゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable き゚ (ngi). Its equivalent in katakana is キ゚ (ngi).


ク゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The katakana syllable ク゚ (ngu). Its equivalent in hiragana is く゚ (ngu).


キ゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The katakana syllable キ゚ (ngi). Its equivalent in hiragana is き゚ (ngi).


コ゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The katakana syllable コ゚ (ngo). Its equivalent in hiragana is こ゚ (ngo).


鼻濁音

[bʲida̠kɯ̟õ̞ɴ]

鼻 (bi, “nose, nasal”) + 濁音 (dakuon, “voiced sound”), i.e. a nasalised voiced consonant

compound

(linguistics) The allophonic variation of [ŋ] for /ɡ/ in the Japanese language.

か゚

The characters used to represent [ŋ] allophonically


カ゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The katakana syllable カ゚ (nga). Its equivalent in hiragana is か゚ (nga).


点画

ja-noun

点(てん)画(かく) • (tenkaku) ^(←てんくわく (tenkwaku)?)

点画 (canonical)
tenkaku (romanization)
tenkwaku (romanization)
てんくわく (hiragana historical)

[tẽ̞ŋka̠kɯ̟]


パワーワード

パワーワード • (pawā wādo)

[pa̠β̞a̠ː β̞a̠ːdo̞]

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from power word.

pseudo-loan

(Internet slang) word or phrase that has a powerful and intimidating energy


ロジバン

From Lojban lojban., from rafsi loj (logji (“logic”)) + ban (bangu (“language”)).

artificial language
artificial language#English


長歌

長歌 (canonical)
chōka (romanization)
tyauka (romanization)
ちやうか (hiragana historical)

/tɨau ka/ → /t͡ɕauka/ → /t͡ɕɔːka/ → /t͡ɕoːka/
Compound of Middle Chinese-derived elements 長 (chō, “long”) + 歌 (ka, “poem, song”).

lang

夜知富許能迦微能美許登波夜斯麻久爾都麻麻岐迦泥弖登富登富斯故志能久邇邇佐加志賣遠阿理登岐加志弖久波志賣遠阿理登伎許志弖佐用婆比爾阿理多多斯用婆比邇阿理加用婆勢多知賀遠母伊麻陀登迦受弖淤須比遠母伊麻陀登加泥婆遠登賣能那須夜伊多斗遠淤曾夫良比和何多多勢禮婆比許豆良比和何多多勢禮婆阿遠夜麻邇奴延波那伎奴佐怒都登理岐芸斯波登與牟爾波都登理迦祁波那久宇禮多久母那久那留登理加許能登理母宇知夜米許世泥　伊斯多布夜阿麻波勢豆加比許登能加多理其登母許遠婆

八千矛の神の命は八島国妻まきかねて遠遠し高志の国に賢し女を有りと聞かして麗し女を有りと聞こしてさ婚ひに有り立たし婚ひに有り通はせ大刀が緒もいまだ解かずて襲をもいまだ解かねば乙女の寝すや板戸を押そぶらひ我が立たせれば引こづらひ我が立たせれば青山にぬえは鳴きぬさ野つ鳥雉はとよむ庭つ鳥鶏は鳴く心痛くも鳴くなる鳥かこの鳥も打ち止めこせね　いしたふや天馳使ひ事の語り言もこをば

逢ふことの稀なる色に思ひそめわが身は常に天雲の晴るる時なく富士の嶺の燃えつつとはに思へども逢ふことかたし何しかも人をうら見むわたつ海の沖を深めて思ひてし思ひは今はいたづらになりぬべらなり行く水の絶ゆる時なくかくなわに思ひ乱れて降る雪の消なば消ぬべく思へども閻浮の身なればなほやまず思ひは深しあしひきの山下水の木隠れてたぎつこころを誰にかも相語らはむ色にいでば人知りぬべみすみぞめの夕べになればひとりゐてあはれあはれと嘆きあまりせむすべなみに庭にいでて立ちやすらへば白妙の衣のそでに置く露の消なば消ぬべく思へどもなほ嘆かれぬ春霞よそにもひとに逢はむと思えへば

(poetry) a long waka that follows the rule of alternating 5-7 morae and ending in 7-7 morae

(poetry) a tanka poem that is, for unknown circumstances, erroneously labeled a chōka


長歌

From 長 (naga-, “long”) + 歌 (uta, “poem, song”).

prefix

(poetry, archaic) a long waka that follows the rule of alternating 5-7 morae and ending in 7-7 morae

(poetry, archaic) a mijikauta poem that is, for unknown circumstances, erroneously labeled a nagauta

a long epic or folk song with a shamisen accompaniment developed in Edo during the 元禄 (Genroku) era


過去形

Compound of 過(か)去(こ) (kako, “past”) + 形(けい) (kei, “form”).

com-ja

“do”の過去形は“did”だ。


ウイグル語

ウイグル語 (canonical)
uigurugo (romanization)

[ɯ̟iɡɯ̟ɾɯ̟ɡo̞]


混植

[kõ̞ɰ̃ɕo̞kɯ̟]

2015 March 5, 稲本喜則, “イベントレポート：ハングルセミナー「韓(かん)国(こく)の文(も)字(じ)、いろいろと。」 (Ibento Repōto: Hanguru seminā “Kankoku no Moji, Iroiro to.”)”, in type.center, archived from the original on 2016-04-04:

混植については、たとえば、国際的な商品においてハングル書体と多国語書体でデザインを合わせる必要性が高まってきている。ただし、ハングル書体と日本語書体を一緒に組むと一般的に日本語が大きく見えるため、日本語書体のサイズを少し小さくする必要があるという。

Konshoku ni tsuite wa, tatoeba, kokusaiteki na shōhin ni oite Hanguru shotai to takokugo shotai de dezain o awaseru hitsuyōsei ga takamattekiteiru. Tadashi, Hanguru shotai to Nihongo shotai o issho ni kumu to ippanteki ni Nihongo ga ōkiku mieru tame, Nihongo shotai no saizu o sukoshi chīsaku suru hitsuyō ga aru to iu.

Noh also spoke about multilingual typesetting. For example, the need to coordinate design using Hangeul fonts and multilingual fonts is increasing in international products. However, when pairing Hangeul fonts with Japanese fonts, because Japanese typically appears to be larger, there is a need to make the size of the Japanese font a little bit smaller.

(typography) typesetting different languages or fonts side-by-side


混植

混植する (canonical)
konshoku suru (romanization)
混植し (stem)
混植した (past)
混植し
こんしょくし
konshoku shi
混植する
こんしょくする
konshoku suru
混植すれ
こんしょくすれ
konshoku sure
混植せよ (imperative literary)
混植しろ (colloquial imperative)
こんしょくせよ (imperative literary)
こんしょくしろ (colloquial imperative)
konshoku seyo (imperative literary)
konshoku shiro (colloquial imperative)
混植される (passive)
こんしょくされる (passive)
konshoku sareru (passive)
混植させる (causative)
混植さす (causative)
こんしょくさせる (causative)
こんしょくさす (causative)
konshoku saseru (causative)
konshoku sasu (causative)
混植できる (potential)
こんしょくできる (potential)
konshoku dekiru (potential)
混植しよう (volitional)
こんしょくしよう (volitional)
konshoku shiyō (volitional)
混植しない (negative)
こんしょくしない (negative)
konshoku shinai (negative)
混植せず (continuative negative)
こんしょくせず (continuative negative)
konshoku sezu (continuative negative)
混植します (formal)
こんしょくします (formal)
konshoku shimasu (formal)
混植した (perfective)
こんしょくした (perfective)
konshoku shita (perfective)
混植して (conjunctive)
こんしょくして (conjunctive)
konshoku shite (conjunctive)
混植すれば (conditional hypothetical)
こんしょくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
konshoku sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[kõ̞ɰ̃ɕo̞kɯ̟]

(typography) to typeset different languages or fonts side-by-side


道徳経

ja-pos

道(どう)徳(とく)経(きょう) • (Dōtokukyō) ^(←だうとくきやう (Dautokukyau)?)

道徳経 (canonical)
Dōtokukyō (romanization)
Dautokukyau (romanization)
だうとくきやう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 道德經 (MC dawX tok keng|kengH). Analyzable as a compound of 道徳 (dōtoku, “morality”) + 経 (kyō, “sutra, scripture”).

Daijirin
Daijisen
Tao Te Ching
ja:松村明
ja:老子道徳経


ウズベク語

ウズベク語 (canonical)
uzubekugo (romanization)

[ɯ̟zɨbe̞kɯ̟ɡo̞]


解題

解題する (canonical)
kaidai suru (romanization)
解題し (stem)
解題した (past)
解題し
かいだいし
kaidai shi
解題する
かいだいする
kaidai suru
解題すれ
かいだいすれ
kaidai sure
解題せよ (imperative literary)
解題しろ (colloquial imperative)
かいだいせよ (imperative literary)
かいだいしろ (colloquial imperative)
kaidai seyo (imperative literary)
kaidai shiro (colloquial imperative)
解題される (passive)
かいだいされる (passive)
kaidai sareru (passive)
解題させる (causative)
解題さす (causative)
かいだいさせる (causative)
かいだいさす (causative)
kaidai saseru (causative)
kaidai sasu (causative)
解題できる (potential)
かいだいできる (potential)
kaidai dekiru (potential)
解題しよう (volitional)
かいだいしよう (volitional)
kaidai shiyō (volitional)
解題しない (negative)
かいだいしない (negative)
kaidai shinai (negative)
解題せず (continuative negative)
かいだいせず (continuative negative)
kaidai sezu (continuative negative)
解題します (formal)
かいだいします (formal)
kaidai shimasu (formal)
解題した (perfective)
かいだいした (perfective)
kaidai shita (perfective)
解題して (conjunctive)
かいだいして (conjunctive)
kaidai shite (conjunctive)
解題すれば (conditional hypothetical)
かいだいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kaidai sureba (conditional hypothetical)


辞書形

Compound of 辞書 (jisho, “dictionary”) + 形 (kei, “form”)


ナリ活用

ja-noun

ナリ活用(かつよう) • (nari katsuyō) ^(←なりくわつよう (narikwatuyou)?)

ナリ活用 (canonical)
nari katsuyō (romanization)
narikwatuyou (romanization)
なりくわつよう (hiragana historical)

From なり (nari, “to be”, archaic) + 活用 (katsuyō, “declension, inflection”).
The classical verb nari itself is a contraction of particle に (ni) and classical verb あり (ari).

com

(Classical Japanese grammar) an adjective inflection class with the following inflections: -nara/-nari (or ni)/-nari/-naru/-nare/-nare


タリ活用

ja-noun

タリ活用(かつよう) • (tari katsuyō) ^(←たりくわつよう (tarikwatuyou)?)

タリ活用 (canonical)
tari katsuyō (romanization)
tarikwatuyou (romanization)
たりくわつよう (hiragana historical)

From たり (tari, “to be”, archaic) + 活用 (katsuyō, “declension, inflection”).
The classical verb tari itself is a contraction of particle と (to) and classical verb あり (ari).

com

(Classical Japanese grammar) an adjective inflection class with the following inflections: -tara/-tari (or to)/-tari/-taru/-tare/-tare


遺著

遺著 (canonical)
icho (romanization)
wityo (romanization)
ゐちょ (hiragana historical)


ク活用

ja-noun

ク活用(かつよう) • (ku katsuyō) ^(←くくわつよう (kukwatuyou)?)

ク活用 (canonical)
ku katsuyō (romanization)
kukwatuyou (romanization)
くくわつよう (hiragana historical)

From く (-ku, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of adjectival suffix し (-shi)) + 活用 (katsuyō, “declension, inflection”).

com

(Classical Japanese grammar) an adjective inflection class for some classical adjectives ending in -shi:


シク活用

ja-noun

シク活用(かつよう) • (shiku katsuyō) ^(←しくくわつよう (sikukwatuyou)?)

シク活用 (canonical)
shiku katsuyō (romanization)
sikukwatuyou (romanization)
しくくわつよう (hiragana historical)

From しく (-shiku, variant 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of adjectival suffix し (-shi)) + 活用 (katsuyō, “declension, inflection”).


死に神

死に神 (canonical)
shinigami (romanization)

English: shinigami

First attested in the mid-Edo period, cited to a text in 1709.
Compound of 死に (shini, “dying”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 死ぬ (shinu), “to die”) + 神 (kami, “god, spirit”). The kami changes to gami as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


死に神

死に神 (canonical)
Shinigami (romanization)

the Grim Reaper (personification of death)

a rakugo loosely based on the opera Crispino e la comare and revolves around an impoverished man meeting a shinigami


規範字

[kʲihã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑi]

zh-m

規範字／规范字 (guīfànzì)

standardized Chinese characters that are used to write Simplified Chinese

簡化字

(standardized) Simplified Chinese characters

正体字

standardized Traditional Chinese characters (chiefly Taiwan)


類語

(linguistics) synonym, parasynonym (word that has a similar meaning to another, but is not interchangeable)


反歌

From Middle Chinese-derived elements 反 (han, “reflect, return”) + 歌 (ka, “poem”).

com

(poetry) a 短歌 (tanka, “short poem”) following a 長歌 (chōka, “long poem”) as a reflection or reply to the latter; compare English envoi


東歌

ja-noun

東(あずま)歌(うた) • (azuma uta) ^(←あづまうた (adumauta)?)

東歌 (canonical)
azuma uta (romanization)
adumauta (romanization)
あづまうた (hiragana historical)

From 東 (azuma, “east, lands east of the imperial capital”) + 歌 (uta, “poem, song”).

com

古今和歌集 古今和歌集#Japanese

(poetry, historical) poems from the eastern regions of Japan, especially those in the titular fourteenth volume of the 万葉集 (Man'yōshū) or the twentieth volume of the 古今和歌集 (Kokin Wakashū)

(poetry) a Kantō-style 狂歌 (kyōka, “comical tanka”)


揚音符号

揚音符号 (canonical)
yōonfugō (romanization)


鋭アクセント

鋭アクセント (canonical)
ei akusento (romanization)

Compound of 鋭 (ei, “sharp”, likely a gloss or calque of Ancient Greek οξεία (oxeía, “sharp; acute”)) + アクセント (akusento, “accent”).

compound

likely a gloss or calque of Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">οξεία</i> (oxeía, “sharp; acute”)

(orthography, uncommon) an acute accent ( ´ )


アクサンテギュ

[a̠kɯ̟sã̠nte̞ɡʲɨ]

揚音符号

揚音符号 ようおんふごう


強弱アクセント

ja-noun

きょうじゃく アクセント

きゃうじゃく アクセント

強(きょう)弱(じゃく)アクセント • (kyōjaku akusento) ^(←きゃうじゃくアクセント (kyauzyaku akusento)?)

強弱アクセント (canonical)
kyōjaku akusento (romanization)
kyauzyaku akusento (romanization)
きゃうじゃくアクセント (hiragana historical)

[kʲo̞ːʑa̠kɯ̟ a̠kɯ̟̊sẽ̞nto̞]

From 強弱 (kyōjaku, “strong and weak”) + アクセント (akusento, “accent”).

af

Coordinate term: 高低アクセント


揚音符

揚音符号

揚音符号 ようおんふごう


高低アクセント

ja-noun

高(こう)低(てい)アクセント • (kōtei akusento) ^(←かうていアクセント (kautei akusento)?)

高低アクセント (canonical)
kōtei akusento (romanization)
kautei akusento (romanization)
かうていアクセント (hiragana historical)

From 高低 (kōtei, “high and low”) + アクセント (akusento, “accent”).

af

Coordinate term: 強弱アクセント

(phonology) accent that relies on the highs and lows of pitch, such as pitch accent in Japanese or tonal accent in Chinese


五体

Meronyms: 行書 (gyōsho, “semicursive”), 真書 (shinsho, “regular”), 草書 (sōsho, “cursive”), 篆書 (tensho, “seal”), 隷書 (reisho, “clerical”)

Meronyms: 古文 (kobun, “ancient”), 小篆 (shōten, “small seal”), 大篆 (daiten, “large seal”), 八分 (happun, “bafen”), 隷書

(calligraphy, typography) the five principal East Asian calligraphic/typographic styles of Chinese origin


オーバーシュート

ja-noun

オーバーシュート • (ōbāshūto)

[o̞ːba̠ːɕɨːto̞]

From English overshoot. The “sudden increase” sense is Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism).

(typography) an overshoot, the extension of a character higher or lower than other comparably sized characters


口語形

Compound of 口語 (“spoken language”) + 形 (“form”)

(linguistics) word form primarily used in spoken language


文語形

[bɯ̟̃ŋɡo̞ke̞ː]

Compound of 文語 (“written language”) + 形 (“form”)

(linguistics) word form used in literary language


すずりばこ

→ English: suzuribako, suzuri-bako

From 硯(すずり) (suzuri, “inkstone”) + 箱(はこ) (hako, “box”).


二の字点

二の字点 (canonical)
ni no jiten (romanization)

[ɲ̟i no̞ d͡ʑitẽ̞ɴ]

二 + の (genitive/attributive particle) + 字 (“character; letter”) + 点 (“point; dot; mark”), literally “the mark of the character 二 (“two”)”, from which it derives.

af

the mark of the character <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">二</i> (“two”)

(typography) the iteration mark 〻, used to repeat kanji, historically mostly kanji with kun'yomi


擬情語

[ɡʲiʑo̞ːɡo̞]

1994, Sakurai Yumi, “Gijōgo no keitaiteki bunrui no kokoromi [An attempt at a morphological classification of ideophones]”, in Gengo bunka to Nihongo kyōiku, page 26:

Examples include iraira suru [be angry], ukiuki suru [be cheerful], harahara suru [be anxious] and so on. In everyday speech, use of such ideophones is ubiquitous. Furthermore, it is known that gijōgo ideophones, like emotion-related adjectives, have a restriction on the person of the subject.

いわゆる、イライラスル・ウキウキスル・ハラハラスル、などであるが、日常的にはこの擬情語を使った感情表現が多く見られる。そしてこの擬情語は、感情形容詞と同じように主語の人称に制限があることが知られている。

Iwayuru, iraira suru ukiuki suru harahara suru, nado de aru ga, nichijōteki ni wa kono gijōgo o tsukatta kanjō hyōgen ga ōku mirareru. Soshite kono gijōgo wa, kanjō keiyōshi to onaji yō ni shugo no ninshō ni seigen ga aru koto ga shirarete iru.

an ideophone that represents human emotion; a psychomime


(震え声)

→ Chinese: (震聲)／(震声)

(2channel slang, Internet slang) Used at the end of a phrase to indicate that the speaker is speaking with a trembling voice.


馬偏

2005, ラーメンズ (Rāmenzu) [Rahmens], 不思議の国のニポン (Fushigi no kuni no Nipon), in ALICE (ALICE) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enoUCj-WNCI
飛騨。飛ぶ……何次の字。……馬偏に「単」。
Hida. Tobu……nani tsugi no ji.……Umahen ni “tan”.
Hida. Flying…… what is up with the next character? ……Horse + tan.


ら゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable ら゚ (la). Its equivalent in katakana is ラ゚ (la).


り゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable り゚ (li). Its equivalent in katakana is リ゚ (li).


ラ゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The katakana syllable ラ゚ (la). Its equivalent in hiragana is ら゚ (la).


リ゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The katakana syllable リ゚ (li). Its equivalent in hiragana is り゚ (li).


き゚ゃ

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable き゚ゃ (ngya). Its equivalent in katakana is キ゚ャ (ngya).


き゚ゅ

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable き゚ゅ (ngyu). Its equivalent in katakana is キ゚ュ (ngyu).


き゚ょ

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable き゚ょ (ngyo). Its equivalent in katakana is キ゚ョ (ngyo).


翻刻

[hõ̞ŋko̞kɯ̟]


翻刻

翻刻する (canonical)
honkoku suru (romanization)
翻刻し (stem)
翻刻した (past)
翻刻し
ほんこくし
honkoku shi
翻刻する
ほんこくする
honkoku suru
翻刻すれ
ほんこくすれ
honkoku sure
翻刻せよ (imperative literary)
翻刻しろ (colloquial imperative)
ほんこくせよ (imperative literary)
ほんこくしろ (colloquial imperative)
honkoku seyo (imperative literary)
honkoku shiro (colloquial imperative)
翻刻される (passive)
ほんこくされる (passive)
honkoku sareru (passive)
翻刻させる (causative)
翻刻さす (causative)
ほんこくさせる (causative)
ほんこくさす (causative)
honkoku saseru (causative)
honkoku sasu (causative)
翻刻できる (potential)
ほんこくできる (potential)
honkoku dekiru (potential)
翻刻しよう (volitional)
ほんこくしよう (volitional)
honkoku shiyō (volitional)
翻刻しない (negative)
ほんこくしない (negative)
honkoku shinai (negative)
翻刻せず (continuative negative)
ほんこくせず (continuative negative)
honkoku sezu (continuative negative)
翻刻します (formal)
ほんこくします (formal)
honkoku shimasu (formal)
翻刻した (perfective)
ほんこくした (perfective)
honkoku shita (perfective)
翻刻して (conjunctive)
ほんこくして (conjunctive)
honkoku shite (conjunctive)
翻刻すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ほんこくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
honkoku sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[hõ̞ŋko̞kɯ̟]


列火

列火 (canonical)
rekka (romanization)
rekkwa (romanization)
れっくわ (hiragana historical)

the name of the bottom "fire" radical (灬), e.g. 烋


連火

連火 (canonical)
renga (romanization)
rengwa (romanization)
れんぐわ (hiragana historical)