赤い

ja-adj

赤(あか)い • (akai) -i (adverbial 赤(あか)く (akaku))

赤い (canonical)
akai (romanization)
赤く (adverbial)
赤かろ (imperfective stem)
あかかろ (imperfective stem)
akakaro (imperfective)
赤く (continuative stem)
あかく (continuative stem)
akaku (continuative)
赤い (stem terminative)
あかい (stem terminative)
akai (terminative)
赤い (attributive stem)
あかい (attributive stem)
akai (attributive)
赤けれ (hypothetical stem)
あかけれ (hypothetical stem)
akakere (hypothetical)
赤かれ (imperative stem)
あかかれ (imperative stem)
akakare (imperative)
赤くない (informal negative)
あかくない (informal negative)
akaku nai (informal negative)
赤かった (informal past)
あかかった (informal past)
akakatta (informal past)
赤くなかった (informal negative past)
あかくなかった (informal negative past)
akaku nakatta (informal negative past)
赤いです (formal)
あかいです (formal)
akai desu (formal)
赤くないです (formal negative)
あかくないです (formal negative)
akaku nai desu (formal negative)
赤かったです (formal past)
あかかったです (formal past)
akakatta desu (formal past)
赤くなかったです (formal negative past)
あかくなかったです (formal negative past)
akaku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
赤くて (conjunctive)
あかくて (conjunctive)
akakute (conjunctive)
赤ければ (conditional)
あかければ (conditional)
akakereba (conditional)
赤かったら (conditional past)
あかかったら (conditional past)
akakattara (conditional past)
赤かろう (volitional)
あかかろう (volitional)
akakarō (volitional)
赤く (adverbial)
あかく (adverbial)
akaku (adverbial)
赤さ (noun-from-adj)
あかさ (noun-from-adj)
akasa (noun-from-adj)

From the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of Early Middle Japanese adjective 赤し (akashi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out. Cognate with 明るい (akarui, “bright”).
Medial voiceless plosives, like /-k-/, underwent voicing, then spirantization, then gliding, then being dropped, before /-i, -u, -e, -o/. As this intervocalic sound-change did not occur before /-a/(Hamano, 2000), Middle Japanese /akaki/ became /akai/ 赤い.
⟨akaki₁⟩ → */akakʲi/ → */akaɡʲi/ → */akaɣi/ → */akaji/ → */akai/.

ja-adj-ku

Acai. アカイ (赤い) 赤い(もの).

1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 9:


丹

From Old Japanese, also used as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ni⟩.
Cognate with 土 (ni, “earth, ground”).


丹

From Middle Chinese 丹 (MC tan).
Used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ta⟩.

a yellowish-red pigment made from lead oxide, used, for example, in nihonga


紅

ja-pos

紅(くれない) • (Kurenai) ^(←くれなゐ (Kurenawi)?)

紅 (canonical)
Kurenai (romanization)
Kurenawi (romanization)
くれなゐ (hiragana historical)

⟨kure no₂ awi⟩ → /kurenawi/ → /kurenai/
From Old Japanese.
Shift from 呉の藍 (Kure no ai), itself a compound of 呉 (Kure, “China”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 藍 (ai, “indigo → dye”)). The safflower, from which the crimson dye was extracted, was brought to Japan from China.


紅

*/peni/ → /beni/
First attested in The Pillow Book, completed in 1002.
Shift from *heni, attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE) with the original sense of "rouge".
The ni is definitely 丹 (ni, “red earth, cinnabar”), while the initial pe/be remains uncertain.


紅

Alternative spelling for 赤 (aka, “red”).


紅

From 揉み (momi, “kneading”, stem form of verb momu), by extension from the kneading of cloth during the dyeing process.


紅

ja-pos

紅(こう) • (Kō)


紅色

ja-noun

紅(くれない)色(いろ) • (kurenaiiro) ^(←くれなゐいろ (kurenawiiro)?)

紅色 (canonical)
kurenaiiro (romanization)
kurenawiiro (romanization)
くれなゐいろ (hiragana historical)

From 紅(くれない) (kurenai, “crimson”) + 色(いろ) (iro, “color”).

ja-compound

桃花紅色尓々保比多流面輪乃宇知尓青柳乃細眉根乎咲麻我理朝影見都追𡢳嬬良我手尓取持有真鏡盖上山尓...

momo no hana kurenai-iro ni nioitaru omowa no uchi ni aoyagi no hosoki mayone o emi-magari asakage mitsutsu otomera ga te ni tori-motoru masokagami futagami-yama ni...

On Two-top Mountain―top of a mirror box, clear mirror in a maiden's hand reflecting her morning face, delicate green-willow eyebrows bent with smiles, face glowing rosy like peach blossoms...

the color crimson, a vivid red edging towards pink


紅色

From 紅(べに) (beni, “safflower”) + 色(いろ) (iro, “color”).


紅色

[ko̞ːɕo̞kɯ̟]


茜色

ja-noun

茜(あかね)色(いろ) • (akaneiro) ^(←あかねいろ (akaneiro)?)

茜色 (canonical)
akaneiro (romanization)
あかねいろ (hiragana historical)

茜色:


赤色

Compound of 赤 (aka, “red”) + 色 (iro, “color”).


深紅

深(しん)紅(こう) or 深紅(しんく) • (shinkō or shinku)

深紅 (canonical)
深紅 (canonical)
shinkō (romanization)
shinku (romanization)


臙脂

臙脂 (canonical)
enji (romanization)
燕脂 (alternative)
えんじ (alternative)
エンジ (alternative)
燕支 (alternative)
臙支 (alternative)

dark red; cochineal red or rouge (color)


朱色

朱(しゅ)色(いろ) • (shuiro) ^(←しゆいろ (syuiro)?)

朱色 (canonical)
shuiro (romanization)
syuiro (romanization)
しゆいろ (hiragana historical)


真っ赤

Compound of 真(ま)っ (ma'-, “true, pure”) + 赤(あか) (aka, “red”).
First cited to the mid-1400s.
The outright sense arose from the way that something purely red is obvious and clearly visible.


薔薇色

From 薔薇(ばら) (bara, “rose”) + 色(いろ) (iro, “color”).

バラ色の未来

(figuratively) bright, optimistic (future)


炎色

[ẽ̞ɰ̃ɕo̞kɯ̟]

炎色植物

炎色植物 えんしょくしょくぶつ

炎色反応

炎色反応 えんしょくはんのう


唐紅

ja-noun

唐(から)紅(くれない) • (kara-kurenai) ^(←からくれなゐ (karakurenawi)?)

唐紅 (canonical)
kara-kurenai (romanization)
karakurenawi (romanization)
からくれなゐ (hiragana historical)

From 唐 (Kara, “(Tang dynasty) China”) + 紅 (kurenai, “crimson”); contrasted with the alternative spelling 韓紅 (literally “Korean crimson”).

com

千早ぶる神世もきかず竜田川からくれなゐに水くくるとは

905, Kokin Wakashū, (book 5, poem 294; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 17)

I have not heard that, e'en in the age of the Mighty Gods the rivers draped in vivid (literally Chinese) red as is that of Tatsuta.

chihayaburu kamiyo mo kikazu Tatsuta-gawa Kara-kurenai ni mizu kukuru to wa


朱殷

2018, Mafumafu (lyrics and music), “朧月 [Hazy Moon]”:

For whom will I dance tonight?
I'm a hazy moon that's growing dim
The dark-red ends of the threads are reeling in
I wish they'll connect me with you

今宵は誰がために踊るのでしょう
霞む 私は朧月
手繰り寄せる 朱殷の糸口よ
貴方に続けと願う

Koyoi wa ta ga tame ni odoru no deshō
Kasumu watashi wa oborozuki
Taguriyoseru shuan no itoguchi yo
Anata ni tsuzuke to negau


蘇芳

ja-noun

蘇(す)芳(おう) or 蘇芳(スオウ) • (suō) ^(←すはう (sufau)?)

蘇芳 (canonical)
蘇芳 (canonical)
suō (romanization)
sufau (romanization)
すはう (hiragana historical)

Biancaea sappan
Biancaea sappan#Translingual


赤紫

赤紫 (canonical)
akamurasaki (romanization)

Compound of 赤(あか) (aka, “red”) + 紫(むらさき) (murasaki, “purple”).