鍛冶屋

鍛冶屋 (canonical)
kajiya (romanization)
kadya (romanization)
かぢや (hiragana historical)

鍛冶(かじ) (kaji, “smithing”, jukujikun (熟字訓)) + 屋(や) (ya, “-ist”)

ja-compound

jukujikun (<i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">熟字訓</i>)

2007 October 20, Izawa, Hiroshi with Yamada, Kotaro, “最(さい)終(しゅう)話(わ) それぞれの道(みち)へ [Final Chapter: Epilog]”, in ファイアーエムブレム 覇者の剣 [Fire Emblem: Sword of Champions], Jump Remix edition, volume 5 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 354:

闇の鍛冶屋マグウ


お嬢さん

ja-noun

お嬢(じょう)さん • (ojōsan)

Of お (honorific prefix) + 嬢 (jō, “unmarried woman; daughter”) + さん (honorific suffix)

affix

そこのお嬢さん

excuse me, young lady (said to get her attention)


長子

Compound of 長 (“long; elder”) + 子 (“child”).


OL

→ English: OL

→ Chinese: OL

オフィスレディー オフィスレディー#Japanese

Initialism of オフィスレディー (ofisu redī, “office lady”) (female office worker responsible chiefly for menial, non-aspirational tasks)


ダニエル

[da̠ɲ̟ie̞ɾɯ̟]


ともがら

From 友(とも) (tomo, “friend”) + 柄(から) (kara, “kinship”). The kara changes to gara as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


ガード

ja-noun

ガード • (gādo)

1990 June 25 [1990 February 17], George Morikawa, “Round(ラウンド) ３(スリー) ファイティング・ポーズ [Round 3: Fighting Pose]”, in はじめの一(いっ)歩(ぽ) THE(ザ) FIGHTING(ファイティング)! [The First Step: The Fighting!], 3rd edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 104:

ガードをはじきとばしたぞォっ‼

guard (person who or thing that protects something)


美女

美女 (canonical)
bijo (romanization)
bidyo (romanization)
びぢよ (hiragana historical)

/bidjo/ → /bid͡ʑjo/ → /biʑo/
From Middle Chinese 美女 (MC mijX nrjoX). The kan'on, so likely a later borrowing.

美女と野獣


異国人

[iko̞kɯ̟ʑĩɴ]

異国 (ikoku, “foreign country”) + 人 (jin, “person”).

com

Icocujin. イコクジン 外国人、あるいは、他国の人

a person from a foreign country; an alien, a foreign national, a foreigner; a person who is not Japanese


匈奴

匈奴 (canonical)
匈奴 (canonical)
Funnu (romanization)
Fun (romanization)


凡僧

ja-noun

凡(ぼん)僧(そう) or 凡(ぼん)僧(ぞう) • (bonsō or bonzō)

凡僧 (canonical)
凡僧 (canonical)
bonsō (romanization)
bonzō (romanization)

→ Portuguese: bonzo

→ Spanish: bonzo

→ French: bonze

→ Dutch: bonze

→ English: bonze

→ German: Bonze

→ Hungarian: bonc

→ Romanian: bonz

→ Russian: бо́нза (bónza)

→ Ukrainian: бо́нза (bónza)

→ Italian: bonzo

→ Polish: bonza (both "monk" and "bigwig"), → bonzo ("bigwig") (most likely borrowed through at least one intermediary)

Bonzô ボンゾゥ (凡僧) すなわち、Curai naqi iyaxiqi sô. (位なき卑しき僧) 位のない普通の僧.

Bonzō, that is to say a lowly monk of low standing. An ordinary monk of low standing.


子女

子女 (canonical)
shijo (romanization)
sidyo (romanization)
しぢよ (hiragana historical)


阿呆

ja-adj

阿(あ)呆(ほう) • (ahō) ^(←あはう (afau)?)-na (adnominal 阿(あ)呆(ほう)な (ahō na), adverbial 阿(あ)呆(ほう)に (ahō ni))

阿呆 (canonical)
ahō (romanization)
afau (romanization)
阿呆な (adnominal)
阿呆に (adverbial)

[apau] → [aɸau] → [aɸoː] → [ahoː].
Kanji spelling is ateji (当て字)

Afǒna. アハゥナ (阿房な) 馬鹿な(者, または, こと).


阿呆

阿呆 (canonical)
ahō (romanization)
afau (romanization)
あはう (hiragana historical)

Afǒ. アハゥ (阿房) Vtçuqe(虚)に同じ. 愚かな人, 馬鹿者. ¶ また, 馬鹿なこと. ¶ Afǒuo yǔ.(阿房を言ふ) 馬鹿なことを言う.

1923–1927, 芥川龍之介, 侏儒の言葉, 青空文庫:

阿呆はいつも彼以外の人人を悉く阿呆と考えている。

Ahō wa itsumo kare igai no hitobito o kotogotoku ahō to kangaete iru.

A fool is always thinking that people other than him are all fools.


阿呆

阿(あ)呆(ほ) or 阿呆(アホ) • (aho) -na (adnominal 阿(あ)呆(ほ)な (aho na), adverbial 阿(あ)呆(ほ)に (aho ni))

阿呆 (canonical)
阿呆 (canonical)
aho (romanization)
阿呆な (adnominal)
阿呆に (adverbial)


阿呆

阿呆 (canonical)
阿呆 (canonical)
aho (romanization)


鬻女

A compound of the nominalization of the verb 鬻(ひさ)く (hisaku, “sell”) + 女(め) (me, “woman”).

ja-compound

俗云販婦比佐岐女、裨販也

938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 105:

Commonly called a female merchant- hisakime, she's a petty trader


鬻女

A compound of the nominalization of the verb 鬻(ひさ)ぐ (hisagu, “sell”) + 女(め) (me, “woman”).


鬻人

鬻人 (canonical)
hisakihito (romanization)

A compound of the nominalization of the verb 鬻(ひさ)く (hisaku, “to sell”) + 人(ひと) (hito, “person”).

師説裨販比佐岐比止


鬻人

鬻人 (canonical)
hisagibito (romanization)

A compound of the nominalization of the verb 鬻(ひさ)ぐ (hisagu, “sell”) + 人(ひと) (hito, “person”).


兄貴

兄貴 (canonical)
兄貴 (canonical)
aniki (romanization)

1993 April 16, “夫(ふう)婦(ふ)ゲンカはネコが食(く)う？ [Would a Cat Eat a Marital Dispute?]”, in みかん絵(え)日(にっ)記(き) [Mikan Picture Diary], episode 23, spoken by Tōjirō Kusanagi (Tarako as Mikan Kusanagi and Kenichi Ono), CBC, via TBS:

そりゃ兄貴だ。

そりゃ兄貴だ。

a big brother (someone who is considered one's senior)


おしゃぶり

[o̞ɕa̠bɯ̟ɾʲi]

御 (o-, honorific prefix) + しゃぶり (shaburi, stem of しゃぶる (shaburu, “to suck”)).

pre

stem of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">しゃぶる</i> (shaburu, “to suck”)


良民

ja-noun

良(りょう)民(みん) • (ryōmin) ^(←りやうみん (ryaumin)?)

良民 (canonical)
ryōmin (romanization)
ryaumin (romanization)
りやうみん (hiragana historical)


部屋子

Compound of 部屋 (heya, “room”) + 子 (ko, “child”).

a female servant working in a daimyō, ōoku, or other high-ranking house

a young kabuki apprentice entrusted to a mentor


巫女

Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Meiji Jingu
Miko
ja:巫女

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 神(み) (mi, “spirit, god”) + 子(こ) (ko, “child”), as suggested by the alternative spelling 神子.
Formerly spelled as 巫 on its own. The modern kanji spelling 巫女 appears to be jukujikun (熟字訓).

ja-compound

An unmarried woman who serves at a Shintō shrine, helping to receive visitors and performing 神楽 (kagura) dances at ceremonies, among other responsibilities. A shrine maid.


醜女

ja-noun

醜(ぶ)女(おんな) • (buonna) ^(←ぶをんな (bwonna)?)

醜女 (canonical)
buonna (romanization)
bwonna (romanization)
ぶをんな (hiragana historical)

Compound of 醜 (bu, “ugly”) + 女 (onna, “woman”).


醜女

Compound of 醜 (shiko, “ugly; ferocious”) + 女 (me, “woman”).


醜女

ja-noun

醜(しゅう)女(じょ) • (shūjo) ^(←しうぢよ (siudyo)?)

醜女 (canonical)
shūjo (romanization)
siudyo (romanization)
しうぢよ (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese compound 醜女／丑女 (tsyhuw^X nrjo^X, literally “ugly + woman”). Compare modern Mandarin reading chǒu nǚ.


品位

品位 (canonical)
hin'i (romanization)
fin'wi (romanization)
ひんゐ (hiragana historical)


婚約者

婚約者 (canonical)
kon'yakusha (romanization)

[kõ̞ɰ̃ja̠kɯ̟̊ɕa̠]

From 婚約 (kon'yaku, “marital engagement”) + 者 (-sha, “-er”).


岳父

(rare, literary) one's wife's father: a man's father-in-law


木工

/mokuku/ → /moku/
Old Japanese. A sequence of two identical syllables would commonly be collapsed into one syllable.


エンジニア

(engineering) engineer, a person qualified or professionally engaged in engineering


刑事

宇宙刑事ギャバン


グリーンランド人

グリーンランド人 (canonical)
gurīnrandojin (romanization)

(nationality) Greenlandic, a Greenlandic person


リーダー

ja-noun

リーダー • (rīdā)

2019, 大英図書館所蔵天草版『平家物語』『伊曽保物語』『金句集』画像:

大英図書館が所蔵する天草版『平家物語』『伊曽保物語』『金句集』は、16世紀の日本を訪れたキリスト教宣教師の日本語学習向けに編集された読本（リーダー）です。

Daiei Toshokan ga shozō suru Amakusaban “Heike Monogatari”“Isoho Monogatari”“Kinkushū” wa, jūroku-seiki no Nihon o otozureta Kirisutokyō senkyōshi no Nihongo gakushū muke ni henshū sareta dokuhon (rīdā) desu.

The British Library’s Amakusa edition of ‘Feiqe no monogatari’ [Heike monogatari], ‘Esopo no fabulas’ [Isoho monogatari] and ‘Qincuxu’ [Kinkushū] is a reader compiled to help Christian missionaries, who came to Japan in the 16th century, learn Japanese.


アラフォー

アラフォー • (arafō)

a person (especially a woman) who is between 35 and 45 years old


郎女

From いら (ira, “kinship”) + つ (tsu, genitive marker) + 女(め) (me, “female”).

ja-compound

大伴坂上郎女

(archaic, familiar) Synonym of 少女 (shōjo, “a young girl or woman”)


傭兵

鬣の傭兵クルザード


元帥

ja-noun

元(げん)帥(すい) • (gensui) ^(←ぐゑんすゐ (gwenswi)?)

元帥 (canonical)
gensui (romanization)
gwenswi (romanization)
ぐゑんすゐ (hiragana historical)

admiral of the fleet
admiral of the fleet


愛国者

愛国者 (canonical)
aikokusha (romanization)

愛国 (aikoku, “patriotism”) + 者 (-sha, “-ist; -ian”)

suf

2007 October 20, Izawa, Hiroshi with Kotaro, Yamada, “最(さい)終(しゅう)話(わ) それぞれの道(みち)へ [Final Chapter: Epilog]”, in ファイアーエムブレム 覇者の剣 [Fire Emblem: Sword of Champions], Jump Remix edition, volume 5 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 354:

日和見の愛国者マンセル＆ダナン

Hiyorimi no Aikokusha Manseru ando Danan

1893, Uchimura Kanzō, Kirisuto shinto no nagusame:

[…] 国のために神を愛し神のために国を愛し、国民挙て神聖なる愛国者となるべきなり、[…]

[…] kuni no tame ni kami o aishi kami no tame ni kuni o aishi, kokumin kozotte shinsei naru aikokusha to naru beki nari, […]

[…] we must love God for our country and our country for God, and the whole nation must become holy patriots, […]

a patriot (person who loves, supports and defends their country)


園長

ja-noun

園(えん)長(ちょう) • (enchō) ^(←ゑんちゃう (wentyau)?)

園長 (canonical)
enchō (romanization)
wentyau (romanization)
ゑんちゃう (hiragana historical)

[ẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ː]

person in charge of an 園 (en) – zoo (動物園), kindergarten (幼稚園), etc.


古兵

古(こ)兵(へい) or 古(ふる)兵(つわもの) • (kohei or furutsuwamono)

古兵 (canonical)
古兵 (canonical)
kohei (romanization)
furutsuwamono (romanization)


女友

女友 (canonical)
joyū (romanization)
dyoiu (romanization)
ぢよいう (hiragana historical)

Might be a borrowing from written Chinese 女友 (nǚyǒu, literally “woman + friend”), using the expected Japanese readings for the characters.
Not found in monolingual dictionaries.

bor

1912 [1881], Ishikawa Gian, Zangeroku, translation of Les Confessions by Jean Jacques Rousseau, page 467:

慕はしい女友はあつても、別に愛人がなくてはならぬ。

Shitawashii joyū wa atte mo, betsu ni aijin ga nakute wa naranu.

Even if one has a beloved female companion, one must have also a mistress.

1938 [1917], Kimura Kinji, Gēte, translation of Goethe by Georg Simmel, page 50:

ダルムシュタットの女友は、或るものは死し、或る者は結婚して同地を去つた。

Darumushutatto no joyū wa, aru mono wa shi shi, aru mono wa kekkon shite dōchi o satta.

Regarding his Darmstadt ladies, some died, while some married and left the area.

2011 July 31, “Kawashima Yoshiko no Chugoku Joyu wa Shō Kaiseki no supai [Chinese girlfriend of Yoshiko Kawashima was Chiang Kai-shek spy]”, in CNA:

In today's feature it is revealed that the female friend of world-dominating female spy Yoshiko Kawashima was Shanghai dancing queen Li Li, and that Li Li, who was Chinese, was a mistress of Chiang Kai-shek's direct subordinate, spy agency head Dai Li, according to China Times.

一世を風靡した女スパイの川島芳子の女友は上海のダンシングクイーンの李麗（リィリィ）で中国人のリィリィは蒋介石直属のスパイ機関の総元締め戴笠の情婦であったことを中国時報が今日のフィチャーで明らかにした。

Issei o fūbi shita onna supai no Kawashima Yoshiko no joyū wa Shanhai no danshingu kuīn no Ri Rei (Rī Rī) de Chūgokujin no Rī Rī wa Shō Kaiseki chokuzoku no supai kikan no sō motojime Tai Ryū no jōfu de atta koto o Chūgoku Jihō ga kyō no fichā de akiraka ni shita.

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:松村明


またいとこ

second cousin (grandnephew or grandniece of a grandparent)


公安

police officers responsible for matters of national security and counter-intelligence.


傀儡女

傀儡女 (canonical)
kugutsume (romanization)

From 傀儡 (kugutsu, “puppet; puppeteer; prostitute”) + 女 (me, “female”).

af

(historical) a female 傀儡子 (kugutsushi, “wandering street puppeteer”)

a prostitute; a female puppeteer who engaged in prostitution


盲人

盲人 (canonical)
mōjin (romanization)
mauzin (romanization)
まうじん (hiragana historical)


傀儡

[kɯ̟ɡɯ̟t͡sɨ]

Perhaps cognate with 裹 (kugutsu, “hand bag”). Wandering artisans would put their puppets in hand bags while traveling. Also compare Korean 꼭두 (kkokdu, “phantom”).

機関 木人 久々都

794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki, pages 39-40:

(historical) Clipping of 傀儡回し (kugutsumawashi, “wandering street puppeteer”).

傀儡回し

a prostitute; a female puppeteer who engages in prostitution


傀儡

ja-noun

傀(かい)儡(らい) • (kairai) ^(←くわいらい (kwairai)?)

傀儡 (canonical)
kairai (romanization)
kwairai (romanization)
くわいらい (hiragana historical)


上士

上士 (canonical)
jōshi (romanization)
zyausi (romanization)
じゃうし (hiragana historical)

a person of good upbringing and character


下士

non-commissioned officer
non-commissioned officer


運動員

[ɯ̟̃ndo̞ːĩɴ]

運動 (“to mobilize; to campaign”) + 員 (“-er”). Compare Chinese 運動員／运动员 (yùndòngyuán, “sportsperson”).

cog

選挙の運動員


間諜

[kã̠ɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ː]


紅一点

→ Korean: 홍일점 (hong'iljeom)

From a line in the Chinese 咏石榴花 (“Ode to a Pomegranate Flower”) by the Song dynasty poet Wang Anshi

der

A single red flower blooms amidst a field of greenery. No extra spring scenery is needed to make it more lovely.

Nónglǜ wàn zhī hóng yīdiǎn, dòngrén chūnsè bùxū duō.

濃綠萬枝紅一點，動人春色不須多。

浓绿万枝红一点，动人春色不须多。

炎(ほのお)を操(あやつ)るＥ(エレメンタル)・ＨＥＲＯ(ヒーロー)の紅(こう)一(いっ)点(てん)。紅(ぐ)蓮(れん)の炎(ほのお)、バーストファイヤーが悪(あく)を焼(や)き尽(つ)くす。

2004 December 18, “Ｅ(エレメンタル)・ＨＥＲＯ(ヒーロー) バーストレディ [Elemental HERO Burstlady]”, in PREMIUM PACK 8, Konami:

The sole female member of the Elemental HEROes, and one who manipulates fire. Burstfire, her crimson fire attack, burns away evil.

Honō o ayatsuru Erementaru Hīrō no kōitten. Guren no honō, Bāsutofaiyā ga aku o yakitsukusu.

(figurative) a single woman among many men


ツァーリ

ja-noun

ツァーリ • (tsāri)

Borrowed from Russian царь (carʹ). Doublet of カエサル (Kaesaru), シーザー (Shīzā), ツァー (tsā).

ja-r

シーザー (Shīzā)


痴漢

Chikan (body contact)
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:痴漢

Appears to be a borrowing from written Chinese 痴漢／痴汉 (chīhàn, literally “stupid + man, guy”). First cited in Japanese in 1790 with the stupid guy sense.
The "Xbox fanboy" sense originates from a media interview of Akihabara retailer Messe Sanoh, where one customer stated his intention to purchase an Xbox in addition to the adult computer game Ryōjoku Chikan Jigoku.

bor

(slang, vulgar, derogatory, video games) an Xbox fanboy, Xbot


捕鯨

捕鯨 (canonical)
hogei (romanization)
fogei (romanization)
ほげい (hiragana historical)

(slang) Kankichi Ryotsu, and Shingo Katori who played him (from live-action TV series of KochiKame)


ひこ

hiko (romanization)
fiko (romanization)
ひこ (hiragana historical)

⟨pi₁ ko₁⟩ → */pʲikʷo/ → /fiko/ → /hiko/
From Old Japanese.
Originally a compound of 日 (hi, “sun”, prefix or appellation used in reference to the imperial family) + 子 (ko, “child”).

compound

(euphemistic, poetic) a boy, young man; especially:

3rd century: 魏志倭人伝 (page 105-106)
其大官曰卑狗、副曰卑奴母離
The great palace is called peek woah; it is also called peek woah modee.

(historical) a chieftain in ancient Japan

a boy, young man; especially:
a chieftain in ancient Japan


教員

ja-noun

教(きょう)員(いん) • (kyōin) ^(←けうゐん (keuwin)?)

教員 (canonical)
kyōin (romanization)
keuwin (romanization)
けうゐん (hiragana historical)


女王

女王 (canonical)
joō (romanization)
dyowau (romanization)
ぢよわう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 女王 (nrjo^X hjwang, literally “female + king”).

内親王

naishinnō, sister or daughter of the emperor

(historical) a Japanese prince's unmarried daughter who is descended from the reigning emperor through no more than five generations ("princes" include 親王 (shinnō) or 王 (ō))

典子女王

a Japanese prince's unmarried daughter who is descended from the reigning emperor through no more than three generations (thus, the emperor's granddaughter or niece; "princes" only include 親王 (shinnō))

善徳(女)王

女王エリザベス2世

アナと雪の女王

女王様とお呼び！


女王

ja-noun

女(じょう)王(おう) • (jōō) ^(←ぢようわう (dyouwau)?)

女王 (canonical)
jōō (romanization)
dyouwau (romanization)
ぢようわう (hiragana historical)


女王

女王 (canonical)
nyoō (romanization)
nyowau (romanization)
によわう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 女王 (nrjo^X hjwang, literally “female + king”). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.


大佐

大 (“grand”) + 佐 (“assistant”), likely modeled after 大将 (taishō, “general”). See 佐官 (sakan, “field officer”) for more. Compare North Korean 대좌 (daejwa) and Vietnamese đại tá (“senior colonel/captain”), North Korean 상좌 (sangjwa) and Vietnamese thượng tá (“army colonel; naval captain”), South Korean 대령 (daeryeong, “army colonel; naval captain”), and mainland Mandarin 大校 (dàxiào, “senior colonel/captain”).

ncog

ロイ・マスタング大佐

(military) a captain (naval officer with a rank between commander and commodore or rear admiral)


カナダ人

カナダ人 (canonical)
kanada-jin (romanization)


超人

ja-noun

超(ちょう)人(じん) • (chōjin) ^(←てうじん (teuzin)?)

超人 (canonical)
chōjin (romanization)
teuzin (romanization)
てうじん (hiragana historical)


ブラジル人

ブラジル人 (canonical)
burajirujin (romanization)


ハンガリー人

ハンガリー人 (canonical)
hangarījin (romanization)


親父

親(おや)父(じ) or 親父(オヤジ) or 親(や)父(じ) or 親父(ヤジ) • (oyaji or yaji) ^(←おやぢ (oyadi) or オヤヂ (oyadi) or やぢ (yadi) or ヤヂ (yadi)?)

親父 (canonical)
親父 (canonical)
親父 (canonical)
親父 (canonical)
oyaji (romanization)
yaji (romanization)
oyadi (romanization)
yadi (romanization)
おやぢ (hiragana historical)
オヤヂ (hiragana historical)
やぢ (hiragana historical)
ヤヂ (hiragana historical)

Perhaps from 親 (oya, “parent”) + 父 (chichi, “father”). The reading appears to be an alteration of an earlier form, oyachichi, perhaps under the influence of 爺 (chichi, jiji, jī, “old man”). The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓).


乳首

ja-noun

乳(にゅう)首(しゅ) • (nyūshu) ^(←にゆうしう (nyuusiu)?)

乳首 • (canonical)
乳首 • (canonical)
乳首 (canonical)
chikubi (romanization)
chichikubi (romanization)
nyūshu (romanization)
nyuusiu (romanization)
にゆうしう (hiragana historical)

乳 (chi, chichi, nyū, “breast”) + 首 (kubi, shu, “neck”)


伯爵

ja-noun

伯(はく)爵(しゃく) • (hakushaku) ^(←はくしやく (fakusyaku)?)

伯爵 (canonical)
hakushaku (romanization)
fakusyaku (romanization)
はくしやく (hiragana historical)

[ha̠kɯ̟̊ɕa̠kɯ̟]

伯 (“count”) + 爵 (“nobility title”). Originally, the third highest among the 五等爵 (Gotōshaku, “Five Ranks”) in China under the Zhou dynasty. Used as an equivalent to the concept of the European "count" after the Meiji Restoration, during the establishment of a new peerage system called 華族 (Kazoku).

Takeuchi, Ryōsuke with Miyoshi, Hikaru, “＃１｜緋(ひ)色(いろ)の瞳(ひとみ)(Ｔｈｅ Ｓｃａｒｌｅｔ Ｅｙｅｓ) [#1|The Scarlet Eyes]”, in 憂国のモリアーティ(Ｍｏｒｉａｒｔｙ ｔｈｅ Ｐａｔｒｉｏｔ) [Moriarty the Patriot], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, pages 66–67:

…Albert. Eldest son of the Earl Moriarty, Albert James Moriarty. And these are my brothers, William James Moriarty and Lewis James Moriarty.

……アルバート モリアーティ伯爵家長子 アルバート・ジェームズ・モリアーティ そしてその弟 ウィリアム・ジェームズ・モリアーティとルイス・ジェームズ・モリアーティです

……Arubāto Moriāti Hakushakuke chōshi Arubāto Jēmuzu Moriāti Soshite sono otōto Wiriamu Jēmuzu Moriāti to Ruisu Jēmuzu Moriāti desu


学士

a bachelor (person who has achieved bachelor's degree)


公主

Middle Chinese 公主 (kuŋ t͡ɕɨo^X, literally “her marriage is presided by the 三公 (“Three Ducal Ministers”)”)

der

her marriage is presided by the <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">三公</i> (“Three Ducal Ministers”)

(historical, monarchy) a non-Japanese East Asian princess


文豪

文豪 (canonical)
bungō (romanization)
bungau (romanization)
ぶんがう (hiragana historical)

eminent writer or author; literary giant


国務大臣

国務大臣 (canonical)
kokumudaijin (romanization)

Compound of 国務(こくむ) (kokumu) + 大臣(だいじん) (daijin)


著者

その本は同じ著者による。

That book is written by the same author.


画工

画工 (canonical)
gakō (romanization)
gwakou (romanization)
ぐわこう (hiragana historical)


画工

ja-noun

画(え)工(だくみ) • (edakumi) ^(←ゑだくみ (wedakumi)?)

画工 (canonical)
edakumi (romanization)
wedakumi (romanization)
ゑだくみ (hiragana historical)


会計士

会計士 (canonical)
kaikeishi (romanization)

彼女は会計士の資格を持っている。

Kanojo wa kaikeishi no shikaku o motteiru.


巫医

Someone who is both a shrine maiden and a doctor.


YouTuber

YouTuber (canonical)
yūchūbā (romanization)

[jɯ̟ːt͡ɕɨːba̠ː]


水兵

水 (“aqua-; hydro-”) + 兵 (“servicemember”)

pre

上等水兵

一等水兵

二等水兵


戦犯

戦犯 (canonical)
senpan (romanization)
人 (counter)

(slang) A person who is to blame for defeat, failure.


祖師

祖師 (canonical)
soshi (romanization)
sosi (romanization)
そし (hiragana historical)

浄土教の祖師


責任者

責任者 (canonical)
sekininsha (romanization)

[se̞kʲiɲ̟ĩɰ̃ɕa̠]

責任 (sekinin, “responsibility”) + 者 (-sha, “person”)

suf

2003 September 22, Akinobu Uraku, “第(だい)60(ろくじゅう)話(わ) ロウワータウン [Chapter 60: Lowertown]”, in 東(とう)京(きょう)アンダーグラウンド [Tokyo Underground], volume 11 (fiction), Tokyo: Enix, →ISBN, page 136:

Let me talk to whoever’s in charge, before it’s too late!!

責任者と話をさせろ 手遅れになる前に‼

Sekininsha to hanashi o sasero teokure ni naru mae ni‼

a person in charge; a person responsible


殺人者

殺人者 (canonical)
satsujinsha (romanization)

2008 April 8, Gosho Aoyama, “ＦＩＬＥ(ファイル).11(じゅういち) 隠(いん)滅(めつ) [File 11: Conceal]”, in 名(めい)探(たん)偵(てい)コナン [Legendary Detective Conan], volume 61 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN:

The one who let it slip was the murderer… That man…

自ら殺人者だと口を滑らせた…あの人が…

Mizukara satsujinsha da to kuchi o suberaseta… Ano hito ga…


寝取られ

寝取られ (canonical)
netorare (romanization)

→ Korean: 네토라레 (netorare)

→ Chinese: 寢取／寝取

From the passive stem of 寝取(ねと)る (netoru).

2008 July 23, TAGRO, “#05”, in 変ゼミ [Abnormal Physiology Seminar], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 83:

コムギは寝取られ⁽ᴺᵀᴿ⁾フェチなのさ

コムギは寝取られ⁽ᴺᵀᴿ⁾フェチなのさ

cuckoldry: the state of being cheated on by one's own spouse or lover; the state of being subjected to adultery or cheating

NTR

NTR エヌティーアール


寝取る

ja-verb

寝(ね)取(と)る • (netoru) transitive godan (stem 寝(ね)取(と)り (netori), past 寝(ね)取(と)った (netotta))

寝取る (canonical)
netoru (romanization)
寝取り (stem)
寝取った (past)
寝取ら
ねとら
netora
寝取り
ねとり
netori
寝取る
ねとる
netoru
寝取れ
ねとれ
netore
寝取られる (passive)
ねとられる (passive)
netorareru (passive)
寝取らせる (causative)
寝取らす (causative)
ねとらせる (causative)
ねとらす (causative)
netoraseru (causative)
netorasu (causative)
寝取れる (potential)
ねとれる (potential)
netoreru (potential)
寝取ろう (volitional)
ねとろう (volitional)
netorō (volitional)
寝取らない (negative)
ねとらない (negative)
netoranai (negative)
寝取らず (continuative negative)
ねとらず (continuative negative)
netorazu (continuative negative)
寝取ります (formal)
ねとります (formal)
netorimasu (formal)
寝取った (perfective)
ねとった (perfective)
netotta (perfective)
寝取って (conjunctive)
ねとって (conjunctive)
netotte (conjunctive)
寝取れば (conditional hypothetical)
ねとれば (conditional hypothetical)
netoreba (conditional hypothetical)
寝取ら (irrealis stem)
ねとら (irrealis stem)
netora (irrealis)
寝取り (continuative stem)
ねとり (continuative stem)
netori (continuative)
寝取る (stem terminative)
ねとる (stem terminative)
netoru (terminative)
寝取る (attributive stem)
ねとる (attributive stem)
netoru (attributive)
寝取れ (realis stem)
ねとれ (realis stem)
netore (realis)
寝取れ (imperative stem)
ねとれ (imperative stem)
netore (imperative)
寝取らず (negative)
ねとらず (negative)
netorazu (negative)
寝取れど (contrastive)
ねとれど (contrastive)
netoredo (contrastive)
寝取れば (causative)
ねとれば (causative)
netoreba (causative)
寝取らば (conditional)
ねとらば (conditional)
netoraba (conditional)
寝取りき (past)
ねとりき (past)
netoriki (past)
寝取りけり (past)
ねとりけり (past)
netorikeri (past)
寝取りつ (perfect)
ねとりつ (perfect)
netoritu (perfect)
寝取りぬ (perfect)
ねとりぬ (perfect)
netorinu (perfect)
寝取れり (continuative perfect)
寝取りたり (continuative perfect)
ねとれり (continuative perfect)
ねとりたり (continuative perfect)
netoreri (continuative perfect)
netoritari (continuative perfect)
寝取らむ (volitional)
ねとらむ (volitional)
netoramu (volitional)

From 寝 (ne, “sleep”) + 取る (toru, “to steal”).

妻を寝取られた男

a man whose wife has been stolen from him

to have sex with (someone else's spouse or lover); to be in cahoots with (an adulterous, cuckolding or cheating person)


寝る子は育つ

寝る子は育つ (canonical)
neru ko wa sodatsu (romanization)

a well-slept child is a well-kept child
a well-slept child is a well-kept child


魔法少女

ja-noun

魔(ま)法(ほう)少(しょう)女(じょ) • (mahō shōjo) ^(←まはふせうぢよ (mafafuseudyo)?)

魔法少女 (canonical)
mahō shōjo (romanization)
mafafuseudyo (romanization)
まはふせうぢよ (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese:

zh-l

馬猴燒酒／马猴烧酒 (mǎhóu shāojiǔ)

Mandarin: 馬猴燒酒／马猴烧酒 (mǎhóu shāojiǔ)

魔法少女 (mófǎ shàonǚ)

Mandarin: 魔法少女 (mófǎ shàonǚ)

→ Korean: 마법소녀(魔法少女) (mabeopsonyeo)

→ English: magical girl (calque)

From 魔法(まほう) (mahō) + 少女(しょうじょ) (shōjo).

(manga, anime) magical girl (a girl or young woman with magical abilities and engaged in magical adventures)


中学生

ja-noun

中(ちゅう)学(がく)生(せい) • (chūgakusei) ^(←ちゆうがくせい (tyuugakusei)?)

中学生 (canonical)
chūgakusei (romanization)
tyuugakusei (romanization)
ちゆうがくせい (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕɨːɡa̠kɯ̟̊se̞ː]

From 中(ちゅう)学(がく) (chūgaku, “middle school”) + 生(せい) (-sei, “student; pupil”).


まぐろおんな

ja-noun

まぐろおんな or マグロおんな • (maguro onna) ^(←まぐろをんな (magurowonna)?)

まぐろおんな (canonical)
マグロおんな (canonical)
maguro onna (romanization)
magurowonna (romanization)
まぐろをんな (hiragana historical)

[ma̠ɡɯ̟ɾo̞ õ̞nːa̠]

(sex, slang) dead fish, a woman who lies flat during sexual intercourse


スコットランドじん

スコットランド人 スコットランド人#Japanese

スコットランド人: Scot (a person born in or native to Scotland)


町長

町(ちょう)長(ちょう) • (chōchō) ^(←ちやうちやう (tyautyau)?)

町長 (canonical)
chōchō (romanization)
tyautyau (romanization)
ちやうちやう (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕo̞ːt͡ɕo̞ː]

From 町(ちょう) (chō, “town”) + 長(ちょう) (-chō, “head”).


単身赴任

単身赴任 (canonical)
tanshin funin (romanization)

a job transfer that takes an employee away from their family for an extended period of time


単身赴任

単身赴任する (canonical)
tanshin funin suru (romanization)
単身赴任し (stem)
単身赴任した (past)
単身赴任し
たんしんふにんし
tanshin funin shi
単身赴任する
たんしんふにんする
tanshin funin suru
単身赴任すれ
たんしんふにんすれ
tanshin funin sure
単身赴任せよ (imperative literary)
単身赴任しろ (colloquial imperative)
たんしんふにんせよ (imperative literary)
たんしんふにんしろ (colloquial imperative)
tanshin funin seyo (imperative literary)
tanshin funin shiro (colloquial imperative)
単身赴任される (passive)
たんしんふにんされる (passive)
tanshin funin sareru (passive)
単身赴任させる (causative)
単身赴任さす (causative)
たんしんふにんさせる (causative)
たんしんふにんさす (causative)
tanshin funin saseru (causative)
tanshin funin sasu (causative)
単身赴任できる (potential)
たんしんふにんできる (potential)
tanshin funin dekiru (potential)
単身赴任しよう (volitional)
たんしんふにんしよう (volitional)
tanshin funin shiyō (volitional)
単身赴任しない (negative)
たんしんふにんしない (negative)
tanshin funin shinai (negative)
単身赴任せず (continuative negative)
たんしんふにんせず (continuative negative)
tanshin funin sezu (continuative negative)
単身赴任します (formal)
たんしんふにんします (formal)
tanshin funin shimasu (formal)
単身赴任した (perfective)
たんしんふにんした (perfective)
tanshin funin shita (perfective)
単身赴任して (conjunctive)
たんしんふにんして (conjunctive)
tanshin funin shite (conjunctive)
単身赴任すれば (conditional hypothetical)
たんしんふにんすれば (conditional hypothetical)
tanshin funin sureba (conditional hypothetical)

be transferred far away from home, take a post far away from one's family


やもめ

Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki
The Tales of Ise

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of an uncertain element やも (yamo) + 女(め) (me, “woman”). The same element is also found in やもお (yamoo, “widower”, archaic), a compound with 男(お) (o, “man”).
The original sense of “widow” is first attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE, while the sense of “widower” arose later, in the 10th century, and is first recorded in the The Tales of Ise. See also やまめ (yamame), an archaic shift from yamome.


竹馬の友

竹馬の友 (canonical)
chikuba no tomo (romanization)

From 竹馬 (chikuba, “bamboo horse; childhood”) + の (no, attributive particle) + 友 (tomo, “friend”). Cognate to Korean 죽마고우 (jungmagou). Compare Chinese 青梅竹馬／青梅竹马 (qīngméizhúmǎ, “childhood sweethearts”, literally “green plums and bamboo horse”).


許婚

ja-noun

許婚(いいなずけ) • (iinazuke) ^(←いひなづけ (ifinaduke)?)

許婚 (canonical)
iinazuke (romanization)
ifinaduke (romanization)
いひなづけ (hiragana historical)

*/ipinaduke/ → /ifinad͡zuke/ → /iːnazuke/
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 言い名付く (iinazuku), modern 言い名付ける (iinazukeru, “to betroth someone, to engage someone to be married, to take someone as a fiancé / fiancée”, literally “to name someone out loud”).
The kanji compound is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 許婚／许婚 (xǔhūn).

(historical) an arranged engagement, wherein both sets of parents promise that their children shall wed; generally arranged while the children are still young


許婚

許婚する (canonical)
iinazuke suru (romanization)
ifinaduke (romanization)
許婚し (stem)
許婚した (past)
許婚し
いいなずけし
īnazuke shi
許婚する
いいなずけする
īnazuke suru
許婚すれ
いいなずけすれ
īnazuke sure
許婚せよ (imperative literary)
許婚しろ (colloquial imperative)
いいなずけせよ (imperative literary)
いいなずけしろ (colloquial imperative)
īnazuke seyo (imperative literary)
īnazuke shiro (colloquial imperative)
許婚される (passive)
いいなずけされる (passive)
īnazuke sareru (passive)
許婚させる (causative)
許婚さす (causative)
いいなずけさせる (causative)
いいなずけさす (causative)
īnazuke saseru (causative)
īnazuke sasu (causative)
許婚できる (potential)
いいなずけできる (potential)
īnazuke dekiru (potential)
許婚しよう (volitional)
いいなずけしよう (volitional)
īnazuke shiyō (volitional)
許婚しない (negative)
いいなずけしない (negative)
īnazuke shinai (negative)
許婚せず (continuative negative)
いいなずけせず (continuative negative)
īnazuke sezu (continuative negative)
許婚します (formal)
いいなずけします (formal)
īnazuke shimasu (formal)
許婚した (perfective)
いいなずけした (perfective)
īnazuke shita (perfective)
許婚して (conjunctive)
いいなずけして (conjunctive)
īnazuke shite (conjunctive)
許婚すれば (conditional hypothetical)
いいなずけすれば (conditional hypothetical)
īnazuke sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(historical) to arrange an engagement, whereby both sets of parents promise that their children shall wed; generally arranged while the children are still young


許婚

From Middle Chinese 許婚 (MC xjoX xwon, “permitted; betrothed + bride; to get married (said of a woman)”).


許婚

許婚する (canonical)
kyokon suru (romanization)
許婚し (stem)
許婚した (past)
許婚し
きょこんし
kyokon shi
許婚する
きょこんする
kyokon suru
許婚すれ
きょこんすれ
kyokon sure
許婚せよ (imperative literary)
許婚しろ (colloquial imperative)
きょこんせよ (imperative literary)
きょこんしろ (colloquial imperative)
kyokon seyo (imperative literary)
kyokon shiro (colloquial imperative)
許婚される (passive)
きょこんされる (passive)
kyokon sareru (passive)
許婚させる (causative)
許婚さす (causative)
きょこんさせる (causative)
きょこんさす (causative)
kyokon saseru (causative)
kyokon sasu (causative)
許婚できる (potential)
きょこんできる (potential)
kyokon dekiru (potential)
許婚しよう (volitional)
きょこんしよう (volitional)
kyokon shiyō (volitional)
許婚しない (negative)
きょこんしない (negative)
kyokon shinai (negative)
許婚せず (continuative negative)
きょこんせず (continuative negative)
kyokon sezu (continuative negative)
許婚します (formal)
きょこんします (formal)
kyokon shimasu (formal)
許婚した (perfective)
きょこんした (perfective)
kyokon shita (perfective)
許婚して (conjunctive)
きょこんして (conjunctive)
kyokon shite (conjunctive)
許婚すれば (conditional hypothetical)
きょこんすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kyokon sureba (conditional hypothetical)


球児

球児 (canonical)
kyūji (romanization)
kiuzi (romanization)
きうじ (hiragana historical)

高校球児

甲子園球児


球児

球児 (canonical)
Kyūji (romanization)
Kiuzi (romanization)
きうじ (hiragana historical)

藤川球児

Fujikawa Kyūji (pro baseball player who was coincidentally given this name at birth by his father)


次男

ja-pos

次(つぎ)男(お) or 次(つぐ)男(お) • (Tsugio or Tsuguo)

次男 (canonical)
次男 (canonical)
Tsugio (romanization)
Tsuguo (romanization)


子爵

ja-noun

子(し)爵(しゃく) • (shishaku) ^(←ししやく (sisyaku)?)

子爵 (canonical)
shishaku (romanization)
sisyaku (romanization)
ししやく (hiragana historical)

子 (“Chinese scholar; viscount”) + 爵 (“nobility title”). Originally, the fourth highest among the 五等爵 (Gotōshaku, “Five Ranks”) in China under the Zhou dynasty. Used as an equivalent to the concept of the European "viscount" after the Meiji Restoration, during the establishment of a new peerage system called 華族 (Kazoku).

suf

1994 September 25, Fujiko F. Fujio, のび太(た)と夢(む)幻(げん)三(さん)剣(けん)士(し) [Nobita and the Three Fantasy Swordsmen] (大長編ドラえもん; 14), volume 14 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 61:

Who’s Suneo? I am Viscount Sunemith the Renowned Swordsman.

スネ夫？われこそは天下の名剣士、スネミス子爵だぞ。

Suneo? Ware koso wa Tenka no Meikenshi, Sunemisu Shishaku da zo.


公爵

ja-noun

公(こう)爵(しゃく) • (kōshaku) ^(←こうしやく (kousyaku)?)

公爵 (canonical)
kōshaku (romanization)
kousyaku (romanization)
こうしやく (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ːɕa̠kɯ̟]

Learned borrowing from Chinese 公爵 (gōngjué). Used initially as a translation of European titles such as English duke or German Herzog.
First cited in Japanese to 1867.


売僧

corrupt (Buddhist) priests that sell items for profits


女史

Generic honorific suffix for women: Ms. / Miss / Mrs.


建築家

建築家 (canonical)
kenchikuka (romanization)


もやしっこ

ja-noun

もやしっこ • (moyashikko) ^(←もやしつこ (moyasituko)?)

moyashikko (romanization)
moyasituko (romanization)
もやしつこ (hiragana historical)

From 萌(も)やし (moyashi, “beansprout”) + っ (-'-) + 子(こ) (ko, “child”).


大学生

ja-noun

大(だい)学(がく)生(せい) • (daigakusei) ^(←だいがくせい (daigakusei)?)

大学生 (canonical)
daigakusei (romanization)
だいがくせい (hiragana historical)

大(だい)学(がく) (daigaku, “university”) + 生(せい) (-sei, “student; pupil”).


海女

Unknown, but the same as 海人 (ama, “male diver”). The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).

a female diver, especially for shellfish and seaweed


キッズ

(Can we date this quote?), “令和３年度 函館・大沼・噴火湾ルート 活動報告”, in 国土交通省 北海道開発局:

参加人数が多いプログラムは、キッズを対象としたものとなっている。

Sanka ninzū ga ōi puroguramu wa, kizzu o taishō to shita mono to natteiru.

The programs with high participation are programs targeting children.

(anglicism, chiefly in compounds) kids; children


皇女

ja-noun

皇(こう)女(じょ) • (kōjo) ^(←くわうぢよ (kwaudyo)?)

皇女 (canonical)
kōjo (romanization)
kwaudyo (romanization)
くわうぢよ (hiragana historical)

/kwaudʲo/ → /kwɔːd͡ʑo/ → /koːd͡ʑo/
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 皇女 (MC hwang nrjoX|nrjoH). First cited to the early 1300s.

an imperial princess of Japan (the Emperor's daughter)


皇女

皇女 (canonical)
ōjo (romanization)
waudyo (romanization)
わうぢよ (hiragana historical)

/waudʲo/ → /wɔːd͡ʑo/ → /oːd͡ʑo/
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 皇女 (MC hwang nrjoX|nrjoH).
The mixed use of the goon reading of /oː/ for the first kanji and the kan'on reading of /d͡ʑo/ for the second kanji may indicate a shift within Japanese after borrowing. The first appearance of this reading is unknown, but it would be some time after the appearance of the /koːd͡ʑo/ reading in the early 1300s.


三日坊主

三日坊主 (canonical)
mikkabōzu (romanization)

(idiomatic) someone who cannot stick to anything, someone who gives up easily


内祖母

paternal grandmother
paternal grandmother

(rare) paternal grandmother, father's mother


漁師

漁師 (canonical)
ryōshi (romanization)
refusi (romanization)
れふし (hiragana historical)

The spelling is likely from Middle Chinese compound 漁師／渔师 (ngjo srij, literally “fishing + master”). Compare modern Mandarin 漁師／渔师 (yúshī, “fisherman”).
The expected reading would be gyoshi. The kan'yōyomi (irregular but customary reading) of ryō for the 漁 character is from confusion with the 猟 character, usually read ryō in on'yomi contexts and meaning “hunt, hunting”, as used in the homophonic term 猟師 (ryōshi, “hunter”).

a fisherman, someone who fishes as a livelihood

釣り人

overtones of someone who fishes as a hobby


ペーパードライバー

ペーパードライバー • (pēpā doraibā)

→ English: paper driver

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from paper + driver

pseudo-loan

someone who has a driver's license but who never drives; a driver on paper only


シンガーソングライター

ja-noun

シンガー ソングライター


ファン

fan, an enthusiast (of a performer etc.)


ファン

野球ファン

映画ファン


慰安婦

慰(い)安(あん)婦(ふ) • (ianfu) ^(←ゐあんふ (wianfu)?)

慰安婦 (canonical)
ianfu (romanization)
wianfu (romanization)
ゐあんふ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 慰安 (ian, “consolation, comfort”) + 婦 (fu, “a woman”).

com

(more specifically) such a woman forced to serve the Japanese military during the Pacific War


主教

ja-noun

主(しゅ)教(きょう) • (shukyō) ^(←しゆけう (syukeu)?)

主教 (canonical)
shukyō (romanization)
syukeu (romanization)
しゆけう (hiragana historical)


摩耶

From Middle Chinese 摩耶 (MC ma yae), from Sanskrit माया (māyā́).

摩耶夫人

(Buddhism) Maya (mother of Gautama Buddha)

摩耶山

Maya (a mountain in Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


海人

Unknown. The spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).


ファラオ

Borrowed from English pharaoh.
First cited to a text from 1924.

a pharaoh (supreme ruler of ancient Egypt)

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kōjien
New Kingdom
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru
ja:ファラオ


母ちゃん

From 母 (kā, “mother”) + ちゃん (-chan, “familiar suffix”).


父ちゃん

父ちゃん (canonical)
tōchan (romanization)
とっちゃん (alternative hiragana)
totchan (Rōmaji)

[to̞ːt͡ɕã̠ɴ]

From 父 (tō, “father”) + ちゃん (-chan, “familiar suffix”).


セーラー

ja-noun

セーラー • (sērā)

セーラー服 セーラー服#Japanese


童子

(Buddhism) a boy between 8 and 20 years of age who studies scriptures and runs errands in a temple without actually being a practicing monk


肥後守

肥後守 (canonical)
Higo no Kami (romanization)

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Higo Province
Higonokami
Kumamoto Prefecture
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Ritsuryō
ja:肥後守

Compound of 肥後 (Higo, “Higo Province”, corresponding to modern Kumamoto Prefecture) + の (no, possessive particle) + 守 (kami, “governor (of a province)”). Coined as part of the Ritsuryō system of the late 600s and early 700s.
The knife sense arose from this term being used as a trademark for a specific brand of pocketknife, originally produced by former swordmakers in Kumamoto Prefecture. This brand name then became used for this style of pocketknife in general (compare usage of English kleenex or aspirin). This sense is first cited in 1931.

compound

(history, government) the Governor of Higo


伯母さん

伯母さん (canonical)
obasan (romanization)
wobasan (romanization)
をばさん (hiragana historical)


叔母さん

叔母さん (canonical)
obasan (romanization)
wobasan (romanization)
をばさん (hiragana historical)

an aunt who is younger than one's parent


縫工

ja-noun

縫(ほう)工(こう) • (hōkō)


めとる

ja-verb

めとる • (metoru) godan (stem めとり (metori), past めとった (metotta))

metoru (romanization)
めとり (stem)
めとった (past)
めとら
metora
めとり
metori
めとる
metoru
めとれ
metore
めとられる (passive)
metorareru (passive)
めとらせる (causative)
めとらす (causative)
metoraseru (causative)
metorasu (causative)
めとれる (potential)
metoreru (potential)
めとろう (volitional)
metorō (volitional)
めとらない (negative)
metoranai (negative)
めとらず (continuative negative)
metorazu (continuative negative)
めとります (formal)
metorimasu (formal)
めとった (perfective)
metotta (perfective)
めとって (conjunctive)
metotte (conjunctive)
めとれば (conditional hypothetical)
metoreba (conditional hypothetical)

Compound of 女 (me, “woman”) and 取る (toru, “to take”).


丸太

丸太 (canonical)
maruta (romanization)
まろた (alternative hiragana)
marota (Rōmaji)

desc

→ Korean: 마루타 (maruta, “human guinea pig”)

→ Mandarin: 馬路大／马路大 (mǎlùdà)

Compound of 丸 (maru, “circle; round”) + 太 (ta, “fat”, here possibly emphasizing the roundness).
First cited to a text from 1633.

丸太舟

a kind of boat made of logs and used mainly on Lake Biwa from the medieval period

丸太洗い

logs used to shore up the bottom of a reservoir pond or sewer outlet

feelings not getting through to another person

much as a tack will not go through a log

a log: unsawn lumber (UK) or timber (US), a section of a tree cut to a length and with the bark removed, but otherwise round and unfinished

the Pacific redfin, Pseudaspius brandtii

(historical, slang) during the Edo period, derogatory term for an unlicensed prostitute dressed as a Buddhist nun as a form of disguise from the authorities (from the way the shaven head looks a bit like a debarked log, and from the way that they both roll around)

(historical) human test subjects of Unit 731


新婚旅行

ja-noun

新(しん)婚(こん)旅(りょ)行(こう) • (shinkon ryokō) ^(←しんこんりよかう (sinkonryokau)?)

新婚旅行 (canonical)
shinkon ryokō (romanization)
sinkonryokau (romanization)
しんこんりよかう (hiragana historical)

[ɕĩŋko̞n̺ ɾʲo̞ko̞ː]

Compound of 新婚 (shinkon, “newlywed”) + 旅行 (ryokō, “trip”).

com

a honeymoon (trip taken by a newlywed married couple)


長女

Compound of 長 (“long; elder”) + 女 (“woman; female”).

the eldest of all of a family's daughters


長男

[t͡ɕo̞ːnã̠ɴ]


土人

土人 (canonical)
dojin (romanization)
dozin (romanization)
どじん (hiragana historical)

北海道旧土人保護法

Hokkaido Former Aborigines Protection Act (Japanese law enforcing cultural assimilation of Ainu people)

大辞林 w:ja:大辞林

(slightly derogatory) native; aborigine; aboriginal person; indigenous person


神人

From Middle Chinese compound 神人 (MC zyin nyin). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.


一見

unannounced first patronage of a shop or restaurant


日雇い

ja-noun

日(ひ)雇(やと)い • (hiyatoi) ^(←ひやとひ (fyatofi)?)

日雇い (canonical)
hiyatoi (romanization)
fyatofi (romanization)
ひやとひ (hiragana historical)


エルフ

1999 March 18, “エルフの剣(けん)士(し) [Elvish Swordsman]”, in Starter(スターター) Box(ボックス), Konami:

An elf who learned swordsmanship. He trifles with his enemies with his swift attacks.

剣術を学んだエルフ。素早い攻撃で敵を翻弄する。

Kenjutsu o mananda erufu. Subayai kōgeki de teki o honrō suru.

1999 March 27, “ホーリー・エルフ [Holy Elf]”, in Vol.2, Konami:

As delicate as she may be, this elf has formidable defense strength and holy power to protect herself with.

かよわいエルフだが、聖なる力で身を守りとても守備が高い。

Kayowai erufu da ga, sei naru chikara de mi o mamori totemo shubi ga takai.

1999 July 22, “エンシェント・エルフ [Ancient Elf]”, in Vol.4, Konami:

An elf who has lived for thousands of years. She attacks with her army of spirits.

何千年も生きているエルフ。精霊をあやつり攻撃をする。

Nansennen mo ikiteiru erufu. Seirei o ayatsuri kōgeki o suru.

1999 August 26, “ヂェミナイ・エルフ [Jemini Elves]”, in BOOSTER 4, Konami:

Elvish twin sisters who attack simultaneously.

交互に攻撃を仕掛けてくる、エルフの双子姉妹。

Kōgo ni kōgeki o shikaketekuru, erufu no futago shimai.

2008 February 1, “エルフの戦(せん)士(し) [Elvish Warrior]”, in Morningtide(モーニングタイド), Wizards of the Coast:

Elvish warriors are as graceful as a deer leaping a stream and as deadly as the wolf waiting in ambush on the other side. They are the eyes of the forest as well as its unsheathed claws.

エルフの戦士は小川を飛び越える鹿のように優雅であり、それを反対側で待ち受ける狼のように危険だ。彼らは森の眼であり、むき出しの爪なのだ。

Erufu no senshi wa ogawa o tobikoeru shika no yō ni yūga de ari, sore o hantaigawa de machiukeru ōkami no yō ni kiken da. Karera wa mori no me de ari, mukidashi no tsume na no da.


船長

船(せん)長(ちょう) • (senchō) ^(←せんちやう (sentyau)?)

船長 (canonical)
senchō (romanization)
sentyau (romanization)
せんちやう (hiragana historical)

[sẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ː]

2017 September 29, “板(いた)歩(ある)きの刑(けい) [Walk the Plank]”, in イクサラン [Ixalan], Wizards of the Coast:

When Captain Brandis adds a new ship to his fleet, he gives the crew a simple choice. Follow him, or fall in the sea.

船長ブランディスが船を艦隊に加えるときには、その船の船員に簡単な選択肢を示す。従うか、海に落ちるか。

Senchō Burandisu ga fune o kantai ni kuwaeru toki ni wa, sono fune no sen'in ni kantan na sentakushi o shimesu. Shitagau ka, umi ni ochiru ka.


母体

Likely a coinage in Japanese of Middle Chinese-derived elements, as a compound of 母 (bo, “mother”) + 体 (tai, “body”).
First cited to 1910.

母体血清マーカー

母体死亡率

母体免疫

母体保護法


女教皇

女(じょ)教(きょう)皇(おう) • (jokyōō)

Compound of 女 (jo, “woman, female”) + 教皇 (kyōō, “high priest, hierophant”).


黒巫女

黒巫女 (canonical)
kuro miko (romanization)


黒神子

黒神子 (canonical)
kuro miko (romanization)


教皇

ja:教皇 (タロット)

ja-pos

教(きょう)皇(こう) • (Kyōkō) ^(←けうくわう (Keukwau)?)

教皇 (canonical)
Kyōkō (romanization)
Keukwau (romanization)
けうくわう (hiragana historical)

From 教 (kyō, “teaching; religion”) + 皇 (kō, ō, “emperor”).


付き

Nominative form of 付(つ)く (tsuku, “attached to”)

(usually prefixed as お付き) attendant, assistant


泥棒

ja-noun

泥(どろ)棒(ぼう) • (dorobō) ^(←どろばう (dorobau)?)

泥棒 (canonical)
dorobō (romanization)
dorobau (romanization)
どろばう (hiragana historical)

噓つきは泥棒の始まり

Someone who can lie with ease will not think theft is bad.

火事場泥棒

looter at the scene of a fire; someone who takes advantage of confusion for dishonest personal gain

税金泥棒

tax parasite (e.g. public servant, politician, welfare recipient, etc.); tax thief

説教泥棒

burglar who preach at the victim about the method of prevent similar crime


海兵

From 海 (kai, “sea”) + 兵 (hei, “soldier”).


凡人

From Middle Chinese compound 凡人 (bjom nyin). Compare modern Hakka reading fàm-ngìn.
The goon, so likely the initial borrowing.

凡夫

Buddhist overtones; used more in writing


凡人

[bõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]

Shift in pronunciation from bonnin above, using the kan'on reading of jin for 人.


凡人

[hã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]

Shift in pronunciation from bonnin or bonjin above, using the kan'on reading for both characters.
This reading appears in use by the 有職家 (yūsokuka, “people well acquainted with the rites and ceremonies of the imperial court and nobility”).

(rare, possibly obsolete) an ordinary person, a commoner


神楽女

An unmarried woman who serves at a Shintō shrine, helping to receive visitors and performing 神楽 (kagura) dances at ceremonies, among other responsibilities.

An unmarried woman who serves a deity as a medium to convey oracles.


蜜月

蜜月 (canonical)
mitsugetsu (romanization)

Compound of 蜜 (mitsu, “honey”) + 月 (getsu, “moon, month”), calque of English honeymoon.
First cited to 1903.

compound

a honeymoon (period of time immediately following a marriage)

新婚旅行

新婚旅行 しんこんりょこう


投資家

投(とう)資(し) (tōshi, “investing”) + 家(か) (-ka, “specialist”)


魚類学者

魚類学者 (canonical)
gyoruigakusha (romanization)

[ɡʲo̞ɾɯ̟iɡa̠kɯ̟ɕa̠]

Compound of 魚類 (gyorui, “fish, as a type of animal in biology”) + 学者 (gakusha, “scholar, -ologist”).


セフレ

Short for セックスフレンド (sekkusu furendo), wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from sex + friend. Compare French sex friend.

pseudo-loan

friend with benefits
friend with benefits

(informal) friend with benefits, fuck buddy (friend as a casual sexual partner)


アルキメデス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀρχιμήδης (Arkhimḗdēs)


ロッカー

ja-noun

ロッカー • (rokkā)

a rocker (musician who plays rock music)


ニューハーフ

ニューハーフ • (nyūhāfu)

English: newhalf

[ɲ̟ɨːha̠ːɸɯ̟]

Daijirin
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:ニューハーフ

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from new + half


職人

ja-noun

職(しょく)人(にん) • (shokunin) ^(←しよくにん (syokunin)?)

職人 (canonical)
shokunin (romanization)
syokunin (romanization)
しよくにん (hiragana historical)

[ɕo̞kɯ̟ɲ̟ĩɴ]

家具職人

寿司職人

AA職人

職人歌合

職人歌合 しょくにんうたあわせ

職人気質

職人気質 しょくにんかたぎ

職人尽絵

職人尽絵 しょくにんづくしえ


床屋

From 床(とこ) (toko, “raised floor”) + 屋(や) (ya, “shop”), due to how barbershops were historically often 床店(とこみせ) (tokomise, “stall with a raised floor used as a store”).


素人

ja-noun

素(しろ)人(うと) or 素(しろ)人(と) or 素(しら)人(びと) • (shirōto or shiroto or shirabito)

素人 (canonical)
素人 (canonical)
素人 (canonical)
shirōto (romanization)
shiroto (romanization)
shirabito (romanization)

Compound of 素(しろ) (shiro, “plain, undecorated”) + 人(うと) (uto, “person”).
The term 人 (hito, “person”) appears in various older compounds with a root form of 人 (*puto → *buto → *udo, *puto → *futo → *uto). This form is never seen in isolation, and it often undergoes further phonetic changes to combine with preceding vowels. Compare the formation of 仲人 (nakōdo), from naka + udo; 旅人 (tabiudo), from tabi + udo.


スチュワーデス

[sɨ̥t͡ɕɨβ̞a̠ːde̞sɨ]

(slightly dated) a stewardess (female flight attendant)


別嬪

[be̞p̚ʲpʲĩɴ]


鍋奉行

鍋奉行 (canonical)
nabe bugyō (romanization)

person in charge of fixing and serving nabe


お手伝いさん

お手伝いさん (canonical)
otetsudaisan (romanization)


草分け

ja-noun

草(くさ)分(わ)け • (kusawake) ^(←くさわけ (kusawake)?)

草分け (canonical)
kusawake (romanization)
くさわけ (hiragana historical)

From 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass”) + 分(わ)け (wake, “dividing”, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 分(わ)ける (wakeru)).


女中

ja-noun

女(じょ)中(ちゅう) • (jochū) ^(←ぢょちゅう (dyotyuu)?)

女中 (canonical)
jochū (romanization)
dyotyuu (romanization)
ぢょちゅう (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑo̞t͡ɕɨː]


悪党

悪党 (canonical)
akutō (romanization)
akutau (romanization)
あくたう (hiragana historical)


ゴールイン

ゴールインする (canonical)
gōru in suru (romanization)
ゴールインし (stem)
ゴールインした (past)

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from goal + in


ディスクジョッキー

[dʲisɨ̥kɯ̟ d͡ʑo̞k̚ʲkʲiː]

Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:ディスクジョッキー
ja:松村明


スーツアクター

ja-noun

スーツアクター • (sūtsu akutā)

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from suit + actor


良妻賢母

良妻賢母 (canonical)
ryōsaikenbo (romanization)


気違い

ja-noun

気(き)違(ちが)い or 気違(キチガ)い • (kichigai) ^(←きちがひ (kitigafi)?)

気違い (canonical)
気違い (canonical)
kichigai (romanization)
kitigafi (romanization)
きちがひ (hiragana historical)

Verbal noun of 気(き)が違(ちが)う (ki ga chigau, “to be mad”). Analyzable as 気 (ki, “mind, temperament, character; mood, spirit”) + 違い (chigai, “difference; mistake”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 違う (chigau, “to differ; to be mistaken”)).

compound

(possibly offensive, derogatory) madman, lunatic

2003, Edward Elmer Smith, ファースト・レンズマン (Fāsuto Renzuman) [First Lensman], →ISBN:

“I mean, your new boss was a real nut for angling!”, Molly said, giggling.

「だからあなたの新しいボスは釣り気違いだったのよ！」モリーはくすくす笑いながら言った。

“Da kara anata no atarashii bosu wa tsuri kichigai datta no yo!” Morī wa kusukusu warainagara itta.


門外漢

門外漢 (canonical)
mongaikan (romanization)


暴れん坊

暴れん坊 (canonical)
abarenbo (romanization)


輔弼

counsel to the emperor on matters of state


海千山千

海千山千 (canonical)
umisen yamasen (romanization)

[ɯ̟mʲise̞ɰ̃ ja̠ma̠sẽ̞ɴ]

Yojijukugo (四字熟語). According to legends, a 蛇 (ja, “snake”) who lived in the 海 (umi, “sea”) for a 千年 (sennen, “thousand years”) and in the 山 (yama, “mountains”) a thousand years could turn into a 竜 (ryū, “dragon”). See also the Classic of Mountains and Seas.


チアガール

[t͡ɕia̠ɡa̠ːɾɯ̟]

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from cheer + girl.

pseudo-loan

a female cheerleader (person who encourages applause)


腐女子

→ English: fujoshi, fujo

zh-l

腐女子 (fǔnǚzǐ)

→ Chinese: 腐女 (fǔnǚ), 腐女子 (fǔnǚzǐ)

→ Vietnamese: hủ nữ (腐女)

Korean: 부녀자(腐女子) (bunyeoja)

腐 (fu, “rotten”) + 女子 (joshi, “woman”), a pun on homophonous 婦女子 (fujoshi, “women”).


腕白坊主

腕白坊主 (canonical)
wanpakubōzu (romanization)

[β̞ã̠mpa̠kɯ̟ bo̞ːzɨ]

腕白(わんぱく) (wanpaku, “mischievous”) + 坊主(ぼうず) (bōzu, “young boy”)


馬鹿者

バカモノ〰〰ッ ポッポが大きくなるまで待てないのか〰〰‼

1986 July 5 [1985 October 18], Makoto Kobayashi, “Ｖｏｌ.26 マイケルの初夜 [Vol.26 Michael’s First Night]”, in What’s(ホワッツ) Michael(マイケル)? [What’s Michael], 10th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 30:

You imbecile‼ Can’t you at least wait ‘til Poppo grows up⁉

Bakamono〰〰h Poppo ga ōkiku naru made matenai no ka〰〰‼

a jackass; a dumbass; a moron; an imbecile


アイスランド人

アイスランド人 (canonical)
Aisurando-jin (romanization)

[a̠isɨɾã̠ndo̞d͡ʑĩɴ]


バッハ

A transliteration of the German surname Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach, German organist and composer


シングルマザー

[ɕĩŋɡɯ̟ɾɯ̟ ma̠za̠ː]

single mother (a woman raising a child on her own)


ベビー

ja-noun

ベビー • (bebī)

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:NHK出版
ja:NHK放送文化研究所
ja:松村明


童貞

素人童貞

素人童貞 しろうとどうてい

童貞卒業

童貞卒業 どうていそつぎょう

童貞を殺す服

clothing that kills virgins (Internet meme)


修道院長

修(しゅう)道(どう)院(いん)長(ちょう) • (shūdōinchō) ^(←しうだうゐんちやう (siudauwintyau)?)

修道院長 (canonical)
shūdōinchō (romanization)
siudauwintyau (romanization)
しうだうゐんちやう (hiragana historical)

abbot, abbess (superior or head of an abbey or monastery)


アイソーポス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Αἴσωπος (Aísōpos).


工匠

ja-noun

工(こう)匠(しょう) • (kōshō) ^(←こうしやう (kousyau)?)

工匠 (canonical)
kōshō (romanization)
kousyau (romanization)
こうしやう (hiragana historical)


アレクサンダー

From English Alexander, from Latin Alexander, from Ancient Greek Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros). Doublet of アレクサンドロス (Arekusandorosu).


オールドミス

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from old + miss


ベビーブーマー

ja-noun

ベビーブーマー • (bebī būmā)


ベビーシッター

ベビーシッター • (bebīshittā)


野球選手

野球選手 (canonical)
yakyū senshu (romanization)


キャリアウーマン

Korean: 커리어 우먼 (keorieo umeon)

[kʲa̠ɾʲia̠ɯ̟ːmã̠ɴ]

Borrowed from English careerwoman, equivalent to キャリア (kyaria) + ウーマン (ūman).
First cited in 1981.

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
en:kyariaūman
ja:キャリアウーマン


問題児

問題(もんだい) (mondai, “problem”) + 児(じ) (ji, “child”)


バッター

ja-noun

バッター • (battā)

→ Korean: 빠따 (ppatta)

(baseball, softball) Synonym of 打者 (dasha, “batter”)


バラモン

[ba̠ɾa̠mõ̞ɴ]

Perhaps from Sanskrit ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa) via Chinese 婆羅門／婆罗门 (póluómén).


母乳

赤ちゃんを母乳で育てる

I breastfeed my baby. (lit. "I nurture the baby with breast milk.")


小使いさん

小使いさん (canonical)
kozukaisan (romanization)


嬰児

嬰児 (canonical)
eiji (romanization)
みどりご (alternative hiragana)
midorigo (Rōmaji)


レズビアン

[ɾe̞zɨbʲiã̠ɴ]

Borrowed from English lesbian or English Lesbian.


フェミニスト

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:NHK出版
ja:NHK放送文化研究所
ja:フェミニスト
ja:松村明


児童虐待

児(じ)童(どう)虐(ぎゃく)待(たい) • (jidō gyakutai) ^(←じどうぎやくだい (zidou gyakudai)?)

児童虐待 (canonical)
jidō gyakutai (romanization)
zidou gyakudai (romanization)
じどうぎやくだい (hiragana historical)

Compound of 児(じ)童(どう) (jidō) + 虐待(ぎゃくたい) (gyakutai).


幼年

幼年時代の記憶

幼年時代 ようねんじだい


ミケランジェロ

ミケランジェロ・ディ・ロドヴィーコ・ブオナローティ・シモーニ

Mikeranjero di Rodovīko Buonarōti Shimōni

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni

ja:ミケランジェロ・ブオナローティ


落とし子

落とし子 (canonical)
otoshigo (romanization)


ツァー

Borrowed from English tsar, from Russian царь (carʹ), ultimately from Latin Caesar (a surname).


やや

yaya (romanization)
やや (hiragana historical)


少尉

少尉 (canonical)
shōi (romanization)
seuwi (romanization)
せうゐ (hiragana historical)

少 (“younger; lesser; junior”) + 尉. See 尉官 (ikan, “junior officer”) for more.

(military, of the Imperial Japanese Navy) a sub-lieutenant second class (equivalent to ensign)


ゲスト

結婚式のゲスト

ゲスト出演

今日のゲストは、なんと、○○役の○○さんです！

Kyō no gesuto wa, nanto,○○-yaku no ○○-san desu!

Our guest today is none other than X who plays Y!


騎兵

*The abbreviations are only used as a typographical convention. They are pronounced the same as their full names.

(Kawanakajima shogi) A piece in Kawanakajima shōgi

cavalryman
A piece in Kawanakajima shōgi


カトリック

Either from Dutch katholiek or French catholique


ため

ため (canonical)
タメ (canonical)
tame (romanization)

Originally referred to two dice with the same number.


公家

/kuᵑ ke/ → /kuɡe/
From Middle Chinese 公家 (MC kuwng kae). Compare modern Mandarin 公家 (gōngjiā, “the state, the public”).
The meaning in Japanese developed from “great house, great family” to then signify “the imperial family”, then by extension the courtiers, and again the nobility.


トマス

使徒トマス


マリア

Hikaru Nakamura, “その89(はちじゅうきゅう) ママ友(とも)会(かい)in(イン)立(たち)川(かわ) [Chapter 89: Moms’ club in Tachikawa]”, in 聖(セイント)☆おにいさん [Saint☆Young Men], volume 13 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha:

What, Mary? The Dark Lord is my mother!?

待ってマリアさん 暗黒卿ってうちの母さん⁉

Matte Maria-san Ankokukyō tte uchi no kā-san⁉

ja:イエスの母マリア ja:マリア ja:聖母マリア


親王

ja-noun

親(しん)王(のう) • (shinnō) ^(←しんわう (sin'wau)?)

親王 (canonical)
shinnō (romanization)
sin'wau (romanization)
しんわう (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese, borrowed from Middle Chinese 親王 (t͡sʰiɪn ɦʉɐŋ), in turn a compound of 親 (“very familiar; very close”) + 王 (“king”, in ancient Japan, this term was also used to refer to an imperial prince), so called because of the closeness to the reigning emperor. The ō reading for 王 changes to nō as an instance of renjō (連声).
First cited in Japanese to a text from 718 CE.

王

ō, specific to the Japanese imperial family, refers to any grandson, great-grandson

a specific rank granted to certain male members of the imperial family:

an East Asian imperial prince who is either brother or son to the reigning emperor


士官

士官 (canonical)
shikan (romanization)
sikwan (romanization)
しくわん (hiragana historical)

士 (“scholar”) + 官 (“official; mandarin; courtier”)

af

File:Frank Toovey Lakes Grave 1.jpg
英国士官レキの墓
Eikoku shikan Reki no haka
grave of the British Officer Lake

commissioned officer
commissioned officer#English

a commissioned officer
A piece in Kawanakajima shōgi


家老

(history) a major retainer or vassal of a samurai clan


騎手

騎 (ki, “animal riding”) + 手 (-shu, “-ist; -er”)

suf

a jockey (one who rides racehorses competitively)


ライバル

[ɾa̠iba̠ɾɯ̟]

2008 February 9, Hideaki Sorachi, “第(だい)百(ひゃく)九(きゅう)十(じゅう)三(さん)訓(くん) 『プリズンブレイク シーズン２(ツー)』ってアレ もうプリズンをブレイクしてるからプリズンブレイクじゃなくね？ [Lesson 193: Is There Even a Prison Break in Prison Break Season 2 If You’ve Already Broken out of Prison in Season 1?]”, in 銀(ぎん)魂(たま) [Silver Soul], volume 22 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:

That’s right. That’s what you came for, my dear frenemy

それでいいのよ それでこそ 私の親友

Sore de ii no yo Sore de koso watashi no raibaru

それでいいのよ それでこそ 私の親友

それでいいのよ それでこそ 私の親友

a rival (competitor with the same objective)


中将

ja-noun

中(ちゅう)将(じょう) • (chūjō) ^(←ちゆうじやう (tyuuzyau)?)

中将 (canonical)
chūjō (romanization)
tyuuzyau (romanization)
ちゆうじやう (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 中將／中将 (zhōngjiàng)

→ Korean: 중장 (jungjang)

→ Vietnamese: trung tướng


狩人

狩人(かりゅうど) • (karyūdo) ^(←かりうど (kariudo)?)

狩(かり)人(うど) or 狩(かり)人(びと) • (kariudo or karibito)

狩人 • ^ (canonical)
狩人 (canonical)
狩人 (canonical)
karyūdo (romanization)
kariudo (romanization)
karibito (romanization)
かりうど (hiragana historical)

[ka̠ɾʲɨːdo̞]

From 狩り (kari, stem of 狩る (karu, “to hunt”)) + 人 (hito, “person”).

af

stem of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">狩る</i> (karu, “to hunt”)

2000 February 17, Maekawa, Takeshi, “新(あら)たなる巨(きょ)大(だい)な壁(かべ)の巻(まき) [A New Giant Obstacle Has Arrived]”, in 新(しん)鉄(てっ)拳(けん)チンミ [New Ironfist Chinmi], volume 8 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 147:

One of us will die here. That’s how every hunt is supposed to end‥‥ Either the hunted or the hunter, one must die.

ここでどちらかが必ず死ぬ 狩りの終わりとは常にそういうものだ‥‥死ぬのは獲物か狩人か

Koko de dochira ka ga kanarazu shinu Kari no owari to wa tsune ni sō iu mono da‥‥ Shinu no wa emono ka karyūdo ka


少将

ja-noun

少(しょう)将(しょう) • (shōshō) ^(←せうしやう (seusyau)?)

少将 (canonical)
shōshō (romanization)
seusyau (romanization)
せうしやう (hiragana historical)

少 (“younger; lesser; junior”) + 将 (“general; commander”)


ウタリ

utari (romanization)
ウタリ (historical katakana)

『若きウタリに』

To Young Utari (collection of poems by Yaeko Batchelor)


こいがたき

ja-noun

こいがたき • (koigataki) ^(←こひがたき (kofigataki)?)

koigataki (romanization)
kofigataki (romanization)
こひがたき (hiragana historical)

From 恋(こい) (koi, “love”) + 敵(かたき) (kataki, “enemy”). The kataki changes to gataki as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


スーパーモデル

ja-noun

スーパーモデル • (sūpāmoderu)

[sɨːpa̠ːmo̞de̞ɾɯ̟]


下士官

[ka̠ɕi̥kã̠ɴ]

From 下 (ka-, “under-; nether-”) + 士官 (shikan, “commissioned officer”).


アシスタント

漫画家のアシスタント

ja:アシスタント
ja:アシスタント (漫画)


ヒーロー

ja-noun

ヒーロー • (hīrō)

1997 July 9, Kazuki Takahashi, “遊闘(バトル)23(にじゅうさん) アメリカン・ヒーロー〈後(こう)編(へん)〉 [Battle 23: American Hero ‹Last Chapter›]”, in [遊](ゆう)☆[戯](ぎ)☆[王](おう) [King of Games], volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 81:

Tomoya… I was wrong…… Under this mask… the face that took a beating for friends, was the true face of a hero…

友也…パパは間違っていたよ……このマスクに隠れていた…友達のために傷ついた顔こそが本当のヒーローの顔だったんだね…

Tomoya… papa wa machigatte ita yo…… Kono masuku ni kakurete ita… tomodachi no tame ni kizutsuita kao koso ga hontō no hīrō no kao datta n da ne…

2009 August 24 [2006 November 7], Naoyuki Kageyama, “Ｇ(ジー)Ｘ(エックス)－２(ツー) その名(な)は万(まん)城(じょう)目(め)‼ [GX-2: That Name is Manjōme!!]”, in [遊](ゆう)☆[戯](ぎ)☆[王](おう)[Ｇ](ジー)[Ｘ](エックス) [King of Games GX], 22nd edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo, →ISBN, page 49:

I summon Elemental HERO Airman in Attack Mode!!

Ｅ・ＨＥＲＯ エアーマンを攻撃表示で召喚‼

Erementaru Hīrō Eāman o Kōgeki Hyōji de shōkan‼

2013 April 7 [2012 December 9], ONE with Murata, Yusuke, “１(いち)撃(げき)目(め) 一(いち)撃(げき) [1st Hit: One Hit]”, in [ONEPUNCH-MAN](【ワンパンマン】) [One-Punch Man], 6th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, pages 17–19:

なんだその適当な設定は…

なんだその適当な設定は…

なんだその適当な設定は…

2016, ライフ イズ ストレンジ [Life Is Strange], spoken by Chloe Price (Lynn), Square Enix, via Dontnod Entertainment:

マックスはあたしのヒーローだ


少佐

少佐 (canonical)
shōsa (romanization)
seusa (romanization)
せうさ (hiragana historical)

少 (“younger; lesser; junior”) + 佐 (“assistant”), likely modeled after 少将 (shōshō, “major general”). See 佐官 (sakan, “field officer”) for more.

pre

lieutenant commander
lieutenant commander


スカウト

a scout (one who identifies promising talent)


スカウト

スカウトする (canonical)
sukauto suru (romanization)
スカウトし (stem)
スカウトした (past)
スカウトし
sukauto shi
スカウトする
sukauto suru
スカウトすれ
sukauto sure
スカウトせよ (imperative literary)
スカウトしろ (colloquial imperative)
sukauto seyo (imperative literary)
sukauto shiro (colloquial imperative)
スカウトされる (passive)
sukauto sareru (passive)
スカウトさせる (causative)
スカウトさす (causative)
sukauto saseru (causative)
sukauto sasu (causative)
スカウトできる (potential)
sukauto dekiru (potential)
スカウトしよう (volitional)
sukauto shiyō (volitional)
スカウトしない (negative)
sukauto shinai (negative)
スカウトせず (continuative negative)
sukauto sezu (continuative negative)
スカウトします (formal)
sukauto shimasu (formal)
スカウトした (perfective)
sukauto shita (perfective)
スカウトして (conjunctive)
sukauto shite (conjunctive)
スカウトすれば (conditional hypothetical)
sukauto sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(specifically) to recruit into the sex industry


三男

Compound of 三 (“three”) + 男 (“man; male”).


王妃

王妃 (canonical)
ōhi (romanization)
waufi (romanization)
わうひ (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese *王妃 (MC hjwang|hjwangH phj+j|phwojH), from 王 (ō, “king; East Asian sovereign or imperial prince”) + 妃 (hi, “consort; concubine”).

af

the princess consort of an East Asian 王 (“prince”); compare 親王妃


大尉

大尉 (canonical)
taii (romanization)
taiwi (romanization)
たいゐ (hiragana historical)

大 (“grand”) + 尉. See 尉官 (ikan, “junior officer”) for more. Compare a similarly constructed title in feudal China, 太尉 (tàiwèi).

(military) a captain (army or air force officer with a rank between the most senior grade of lieutenant and major)

(military) a lieutenant (naval officer whose rank is above that of ensign in the Navy and below that of a lieutenant commander)


イエス

Learned borrowing from Latin Iēsus. Appears from around the Meiji period, superseding older ゼス (Zesu) and ゼズス (Zezusu).

……あっ その前(まえ)にそ(・)れ(・)なんとかして隠(かく)して イエス！福(ふく)引(び)きでもらった仏(ふつ)像(ぞう)……変(へん)な宗(しゅう)教(きょう)団(だん)体(たい)か強(きょう)烈(れつ)なナルシストだと思(おも)われるから‼

2008 July 16 [2008 January 23], Hikaru Nakamura, “その５(ご) Oh(オー) my(マイ) ホビー [Chapter 5: Oh my hobby]”, in [聖](セイント)☆おにいさん [Saint Young Men], 6th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha:

…Oh! We gotta hide THAT thing first, Jesus! The Buddha statue I won from that raffle… I don’t want her to think I’m some sorta freaky denomination member or enthusiastic narcissist!!

…A'! Sono mae ni SORE nan toka shite kakushite, Iesu! Fukubiki de moratta Futsuzō… Hen na shūkyō dantai ka kyōretsu na narushisuto da to omowareru kara!!


役者

ja-noun

役(やく)者(しゃ) • (yakusha) ^(←やくしや (yakusya)?)

役者 (canonical)
yakusha (romanization)
yakusya (romanization)
やくしや (hiragana historical)

[ja̠kɯ̟̊ɕa̠]


スターリン

Ста́лин Сталин#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian surname Ста́лин (Stálin), Stalin


外野手

外(がい)野(や)手(しゅ) • (gaiyashu) ^(←ぐわいやしゆ (gwaiyasyu)?)

外野手 (canonical)
gaiyashu (romanization)
gwaiyasyu (romanization)
ぐわいやしゆ (hiragana historical)

外野 (gaiya, “outfield”) + 手 (-shu, “-er”), calque of English outfielder


ムスリム

[mɯ̟sɨɾʲimɯ̟]


中佐

中 (“mid-”) + 佐 (“to assist; assistant”), perhaps modeled after 中将 (chūjō, “senior deputy of the 近衛府 (Konoefu, “Bodyguard”); lieutenant general; vice admiral”). See 佐官 (sakan, “field officer”) for more.

2014 November 11, Bungie, 343 Industries, quoting Fleet Admiral Lord Terrence Hood, Halo 2: Anniversary, Xbox Game Studios, Xbox One, level/area: Cairo Station:

ミランダキーズ中佐 父君の勇気ある行動は、誇り高きわが軍の伝統そのものだった

Miranda Kīzu Chūsa Chichigimi no yūki aru kōdō wa, hokoritakaki waga gun no dentō sono mono datta

Commander Miranda Keyes. Your father’s actions were in keeping with the highest traditions of military service.

(military) a commander (naval officer whose rank is above that of a lieutenant commander and below that of captain)


嫡男

[t͡ɕa̠kɯ̟nã̠ɴ]

By surface analysis, 嫡 (chaku, “legitimate wife”) + 男 (nan, “son”), literally “legitimate wife's son”.

surf

清盛嫡男たるによって、其跡をつぐ。

Kiyomori chakunan taru ni yotte, sono ato o tsugu.

As Kiyomori was the first legitimate son, he inherited that stead.

1330, 平家物語 [The Tale of the Heike / Heike Monogatari]:


イラストレーター

ja-noun

イラストレーター • (irasutorētā)

[iɾa̠sɨ̥to̞ɾe̞ːta̠ː]


代官

代(だい)官(かん) • (daikan) ^(←だいくわん (daikwan)?)

代官 (canonical)
daikan (romanization)
daikwan (romanization)
だいくわん (hiragana historical)

(historical) local official in the Edo period


ホスト

a host (person who receives or entertains a guest)

a host (paid male companion offering conversation)


ハンター

ja-pos

ハンター • (Hantā)

A transliteration of the English surname Hunter


王家

王家 (canonical)
ōke (romanization)
wauke (romanization)
わうけ (hiragana historical)


中尉

中尉 (canonical)
chūi (romanization)
tyuuwi (romanization)
ちゆうゐ (hiragana historical)

中 (“mid-”) + 尉, likely modeled after 中将 (chūjō, “lieutenant general”). See 尉官 (ikan, “junior officer”) for more.

lieutenant junior grade
lieutenant junior grade

(military, of the Imperial Japanese Navy) a sub-lieutenant first class (equivalent to sub-lieutenant or lieutenant junior grade)


ガール

ja-noun

ガール • (gāru)

From English girl. Doublet of ギャル (gyaru).


外祖父

maternal grandfather
maternal grandfather


巫術士

巫術士 (canonical)
fujutsushi (romanization)


巫術師

巫術師 (canonical)
fujutsushi (romanization)

Compound of 巫術 (fujutsu, “magic, sorcery, thaumaturgy”) + 師 (shi, “expert, master, practitioner”).


歌姫

From 歌 (uta, “song”) + 姫 (hime, “princess; lady”).

com

a female music artist; a diva, a songstress, a female musician, etc.


ワイフ

→ English: waifu

Borrowed from English wife.
First cited to a text from 1860.


革命家

革命家 (canonical)
kakumeika (romanization)

From 革命(かくめい) (kakumei, “revolution”) + 家(か) (-ka, “-ary”).


エキスパート

2015 March 21, “デーモン・ソルジャー [Daemon Soldier]”, in デュエリストエントリーデッキVS(バーサス) [Duelist Entry Deck VS], Konami:

A combat expert who belongs to a crack daemon unit. He’s famous because he always gets the job done.

デーモンの中でも精鋭だけを集めた部隊に所属する戦闘のエキスパート。与えられた任務を確実にこなす事で有名。

Dēmon no naka de mo seiei dake o atsumeta butai ni shozoku suru sentō no ekisupāto. Ataerareta ninmu o kakujitsu ni konasu koto de yūmei.


デンマーク人

デンマーク人 (canonical)
denmākujin (romanization)

Compound of デンマーク (Denmāku, “Denmark”) + 人(じん) (jin, “person, people”).

Dane (person from Denmark or of Danish descent)


リフォーマー

ja-noun

リフォーマー • (rifōmā)

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from reform + -er.

pseudo-loan

reformer (one who reforms, or who works for reform)


吟遊詩人

ja-noun

吟(ぎん)遊(ゆう)詩(し)人(じん) • (gin'yū shijin) ^(←ぎんいうしじん (gin'iu sizin)?)

吟遊詩人 (canonical)
gin'yū shijin (romanization)
gin'iu sizin (romanization)
ぎんいうしじん (hiragana historical)

[ɡʲĩɰ̃jɯ̟ː ɕiʑĩɴ]


始皇帝

ja-pos

始(し)皇(こう)帝(てい) • (Shikōtei) ^(←しくわうてい (Sikwautei)?)

始皇帝 (canonical)
Shikōtei (romanization)
Sikwautei (romanization)
しくわうてい (hiragana historical)

From Chinese 始皇帝 (Shǐhuángdì, literally “First Huangdi; First "Emperor"”).

der

始皇帝陵


変人

ja-noun

変(へん)人(じん) • (henjin) ^(←へんじん (fenzin)?)

変人 (canonical)
henjin (romanization)
fenzin (romanization)
へんじん (hiragana historical)

[hẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]

eccentric, weirdo (person who does not behave like others)


編集者

編(へん)集(しゅう)者(しゃ) • (henshūsha) ^(←へんしふしや (fensifusya)?)

編集者 (canonical)
henshūsha (romanization)
fensifusya (romanization)
へんしふしや (hiragana historical)

[hẽ̞ɰ̃ɕɨːɕa̠]

Compound of 編集 (henshū, “editing”) + 者 (-sha, “-er”)


感染者

ja-noun

感(かん)染(せん)者(しゃ) • (kansensha) ^(←かんせんしや (kansensya)?)

感染者 (canonical)
kansensha (romanization)
kansensya (romanization)
かんせんしや (hiragana historical)

[kã̠ɰ̃sẽ̞ɰ̃ɕa̠]

infected person; sufferer of an infection


牧人

これ等の男女は、いずれも牧人でした。

1951, 小川未明, 月と海豹

Korera no danjo wa, izure mo bokujin deshita.


シスターボーイ

シスターボーイ • (shisutā bōi)

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from sister + boy


シスター

Borrowed from English sister.
Compare Korean 시스터 (siseuteo).

(humorous, ironic, colloquial) sister, sis (older or younger)


次女

Compound of 次 (“next”) + 女 (“woman; female”).


子役

子役 (canonical)
koyaku (romanization)
こやく (hiragana historical)

人形のように白く塗った男の子役の顔が岸本の眼に映った。

1938, 島崎藤村, 新生

Kishimoto saw the face of the boy actor which was painted white like a doll's.

ningyō no yō ni shiroku nutta otoko no koyaku no kao ga Kishimoto no me ni utsutta.


聖母

From 聖 (sei-, “holy”) + 母 (bo, “mother”).

聖母マリア


館長

ja-noun

館(かん)長(ちょう) • (kanchō) ^(←くわんちやう (kwantyau)?)

館長 (canonical)
kanchō (romanization)
kwantyau (romanization)
くわんちやう (hiragana historical)

[kã̠ɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ː]

chief of a 館 (kan) – director; curator (of a museum 美術館); head librarian (of a library 図書館), etc.


ご主人

ご主人 (canonical)
go-shujin (romanization)

(honorific) husband (referring to someone else's husband, not one's own)


五毛党

Borrowed from Chinese 五毛黨／五毛党 (wǔmáodǎng).

zh-l

五毛黨／五毛党 (wǔmáodǎng)

(neologism, derogatory) 50 cent army, wumao


未確認飛行物体

ja-noun

みかくにん ひこう ぶったい

みかくにん ひかう ぶつたい

未(み)確(かく)認(にん)飛(ひ)行(こう)物(ぶっ)体(たい) • (mikakunin hikō buttai) ^(←みかくにんひかうぶつたい (mikakunin fikau bututai)?)

未確認飛行物体 (canonical)
mikakunin hikō buttai (romanization)
mikakunin fikau bututai (romanization)
みかくにんひかうぶつたい (hiragana historical)

みかくにんひこーぶったい

[mʲika̠kɯ̟ɲ̟iɰ̃ çi̥ko̞ː bɯ̟t̚ta̠i]

From 未確認 (mikakunin, “unidentified”) + 飛行 (hikō, “flying”) + 物体 (buttai, “object”), calque of English unidentified flying object.

cal

unidentified flying object
unidentified flying object


老爺

老爺 (canonical)
rōya (romanization)
rauya (romanization)
らうや (hiragana historical)


高校生

ja-noun

高(こう)校(こう)生(せい) • (kōkōsei) ^(←かうかうせい (kaukausei)?)

高校生 (canonical)
kōkōsei (romanization)
kaukausei (romanization)
かうかうせい (hiragana historical)

高(こう)校(こう) (kōkō, “high school”) + 生(せい) (-sei, “student; pupil”).


土匪

土匪 (canonical)
dohi (romanization)
dofi (romanization)
どひ (hiragana historical)


刺客

ja-noun

刺(し)客(かく) or 刺(せっ)客(かく) or 刺(し)客(きゃく) • (shikaku or sekkaku or shikyaku) ^(←せきかく (sekikaku)?)

刺客 (canonical)
刺客 (canonical)
刺客 (canonical)
shikaku (romanization)
sekkaku (romanization)
shikyaku (romanization)
sekikaku (romanization)
せきかく (hiragana historical)

[ɕi̥kʲa̠kɯ̟]

2003 August 12, CLAMP, “Chapitre(シャピトル).2(に) 記(き)憶(おく)の対(たい)価(か) [Chapitre 2: The Cost of Memory]”, in ツバサ ＲＥＳＥＲＶｏｉｒ ＣＨＲｏＮｉＣＬＥ [Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 68:

Ha——Hahahah! Too weak! Too weak! And you call yourselves hit men⁉

は——はははっ！弱ぇ！弱ぇ！てめぇら！仮にも刺客だろ⁉

Ha——hahaha'! Yoē! Yoē! Temēra! Kari ni mo shikaku daro⁉


獨身主義

獨身主義 (canonical)
dokushinshugi (romanization)


ホーチミン

Ho Chi Minh (Vietnamese communist revolutionary leader)

Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh City (largest city of Vietnam)


美男子

[bʲidã̠ɰ̃ɕi]


達磨

Bodhidharma
Daijirin
Daijisen
Daruma doll
ja:だるま
ja:松村明
ja:達磨

Ultimately from Sanskrit धर्म (dharma, “law; morality; code”), either via Middle Chinese 達磨 (MC dat ma) as a transliteration of the Sanskrit, or as a clipping of 菩提達磨 (Bodaidaruma), in turn from Middle Chinese 菩提達磨 (MC bu dej dat ma) as a transliteration from Sanskrit.

der

a daruma: a hollow, round, Japanese traditional doll modeled after Bodhidharma, the founder of the Zen sect of Buddhism


達磨

Dharma, clipping of 菩提達磨 (Bodaidaruma, “Bodhidharma”)


女魔法師

女魔法師 (canonical)
onna mahōshi (romanization)

Compound of 女 (onna, “female”) + 魔法 (mahō, “magic, sorcery”) + 師 (shi, “master, practitioner”).

compound

女魔法士

女魔法士 おんなまほうし


女魔法師

Compound of 女 (onna, “female”) + 魔 (ma, “evil”) + 法師 (hōshi, “priestess, nun”).

女魔法士: an evil priestess

女魔法士 おんなまほうし

nun

女魔法士 おんなまほうし


下女

ja-noun

下(しも)女(おんな) • (shimoonna) ^(←しもをんな (simowonna)?)

下女 (canonical)
gejo (romanization)
gedyo (romanization)
げぢょ (hiragana historical)
下女 (canonical)
shimoonna (romanization)
simowonna (romanization)
しもをんな (hiragana historical)


ルームメイト

[ɾɯ̟ːmɯ̟me̞ːto̞]


修道女

修(しゅう)道(どう)女(じょ) • (shūdōjo)


ウエーター

ウエーター • (uētā)


前頭

前(まえ)頭(がしら) • (maegashira) ^(←まへがしら (mafegasira)?)

前頭 (canonical)
maegashira (romanization)
mafegasira (romanization)
まへがしら (hiragana historical)


金槌

Compound of 金 (kana, “metal”) + 槌 (tsuchi, “hammer, mallet”). The tsuchi changes to zuchi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

compound

(figurative) someone who cannot swim at all (as a metal hammer sinks quickly in water)


錦織

錦織 (canonical)
nishikiori (romanization)

Compound of 錦(にしき) (nishiki, “brocade”) + 織(お)り (ori, “weaving”)


孫息子

孫息子 (canonical)
magomusuko (romanization)

From 孫 (mago, “grandchild”) + 息子 (musuko, “son”, jukujikun (熟字訓)).

af

jukujikun (<i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">熟字訓</i>)


孫娘

孫娘 (canonical)
magomusume (romanization)

From 孫 (mago, “grandchild”) + 娘 (musume, “daughter”).


韓国人

韓国人 (canonical)
kankokujin (romanization)

[kã̠ŋko̞kɯ̟ʑĩɴ]


朝鮮人

朝鮮人 (canonical)
chōsenjin (romanization)

[t͡ɕo̞ːsẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]

Compound of 朝鮮 (Chōsen, “the Korean peninsula; North Korea”) + 人 (-jin, “person, person from a particular country”).
First cited to a text from 1635.

suffix

(more specifically) a North Korean (person)


孫子

From 孫 (mago, “grandchild”) + 子 (ko, “child”).

af

Synonym of 子孫 (shison, “grandchildren and children; descendants”)


太皇太后

太皇太后 (canonical)
taikōtaigō (romanization)


尻もどき

尻もどき (canonical)
ketsumodoki (romanization)

尻 (“buttocks, ass”) + もどき (“like something”), literally means "resembling an ass".

(vulgar, derogatory, offensive) fag, faggot, poofter (homosexual)


相模

→ Chinese: 相模

→ English: Sagami

⟨saɡamu⟩ → */saɡamʉ/ → /saɡami/
Shift from Old Japanese 相模 (Sagamu), attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).

恨みわびほさぬ袖だにあるものを恋に朽ちなむ名こそ惜しけれ

Uramiwabi hosanu sode dani aru mono o koi ni kuchinan na koso oshikere

Weary of feeling resentment―never mind these sleeves that have yet to dry, but I would certainly resent the fame of rotting from love.

Sagami: a Japanese female waka poet of the Heian period (11th century)


チンギス・カン

From Mongolian ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ
ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (činggis qaɣan).

bor

ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ


大主教

ja-noun

大(だい)主(しゅ)教(きょう) • (daishukyō) ^(←だいしゆけう (daisyukeu)?)

大主教 (canonical)
daishukyō (romanization)
daisyukeu (romanization)
だいしゆけう (hiragana historical)

[da̠iɕɨ̥kʲo̞ː]

大 (dai-, “arch-”) + 主教 (shukyō, “bishop”)


従軍慰安婦

ja-noun

従(じゅう)軍(ぐん)慰(い)安(あん)婦(ふ) • (jūgun'ianfu)

従軍慰安婦 (canonical)
jūgun'ianfu (romanization)

[d͡ʑɨːɡɯ̟̃ɰ̃iã̠ɰ̃ɸɯ̟]

Compound of 従(じゅう)軍(ぐん) (jūgun, “military campaign”) + 慰(い)安(あん)婦(ふ) (ianfu, “comfort woman”).

ja-compound

(historical) comfort woman in the context of a military campaign


ハズ

(humble, colloquial) husband, hubby (male partner in marriage)


ユダヤ人

ユダヤ人 (canonical)
Yudaya-jin (romanization)

[jɯ̟da̠ja̠ d͡ʑĩɴ]

ユダヤ (Yudaya, “Judea”) + 人 (-jin, “person; people”)

suf

20世紀までユダヤ人は世界中に散り散りになって過ごしていた。

Nijusseiki made Yudaya-jin wa sekaijū ni chirijiri ni natte sugoshiteita.

Before the 20th century, the Jews lived scattered all over the world.


耶蘇基督

耶蘇基督 (canonical)
Iesu Kirisuto (romanization)

The kanji spelling is ateji (当て字), from Chinese 耶穌基督／耶稣基督 (Yēsū Jīdū).

zh-l

耶穌基督／耶稣基督 (Yēsū Jīdū)


旅行者

[ɾʲo̞ko̞ːɕa̠]


兄弟姉妹

兄弟姉妹 (canonical)
kyōdai shimai (romanization)
けいてい しまい (alternative hiragana)
keitei shimai (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)

兄弟 (kyōdai; keitei, “brothers”) + 姉妹 (shimai, “sisters”)


悪戯者

ja-noun

悪戯(いたずら)者(もの) or 悪戯者(イタズラもの) • (itazuramono)

悪戯者 (canonical)
悪戯者 (canonical)
itazuramono (romanization)

悪戯(いたずら) (itazura, “prank”) + 者(もの) (mono, “person”)


司令官

ja-noun

司(し)令(れい)官(かん) • (shireikan) ^(←しれいくわん (sireikwan)?)

司令官 (canonical)
shireikan (romanization)
sireikwan (romanization)
しれいくわん (hiragana historical)

[ɕiɾe̞ːkã̠ɴ]


大元帥

大(だい)元(げん)帥(すい) • (daigensui) ^(←だいぐゑんすゐ (daigwenswi)?)

大元帥 (canonical)
daigensui (romanization)
daigwenswi (romanization)
だいぐゑんすゐ (hiragana historical)

[da̠iɡẽ̞ɰ̃sɨi]

大 (dai-, “great”) + 元帥 (gensui, “marshal”)


きこり

kikori (romanization)
きこり (hiragana historical)


仏人

仏 (Futsu, “France”) + 人 (-jin, “person”)


木偶の坊

木偶の坊 (canonical)
dekunobō (romanization)

Phrase consisting of 木偶 (deku, “wooden puppet”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 坊 (bō, term of endearment). The deku portion is of unknown origin and may have arisen as a standalone term later than as a part of a compound. Theories include:
* Alteration from 出狂坊／出来坊 (dekurubō), used synonymously, in turn from 出狂坊 (dekuruibō), literally "little one who has gone mad".
* From 手 (te, “hand”) + 傀儡 (kugutsu, “puppet”) + の + 坊, through dekurubō.
* From Sino-Japanese 泥偶 (deigū, “clay doll”) + の + 坊.
The third theory is problematic semantically and does not account for the intermediary dekurubō pronunciation.


海鷲

海鷲 (canonical)
海鷲 (canonical)
umiwashi (romanization)

[ɯ̟mʲiβ̞a̠ɕi]

海鷲四千機


狙撃手

狙撃手 (canonical)
sogekishu (romanization)

狙撃 (sogeki, “sniping”) + 手 (-shu, “-er”)


ギャル

→ English: gyaru

Daijisen
Gyaru
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:ギャル
ja:松村明

Borrowed from American English gal. Compare the English pronunciation spelling gyal. Doublet of ガール (gāru).
First cited to a text from 1931, although rarely used until the late Shōwa period.
Popularised during the mid-to-late 1980s and early 1990s, originally to refer to ボディコン (bodikon, “body conscious”), an earlier style trend and the predecessor of today’s gyaru.


荘子

ja-pos

荘(そう)子(じ) or 荘(そう)子(し) • (Sōji or Sōshi)

荘子 (canonical)
Sōshi (romanization)
荘子 (canonical)
荘子 (canonical)
Sōji (romanization)
Sōshi (romanization)


パートタイム

パートタイムの仕事

パートタイム労働者

1988 July 30 [1985 July 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “アン子(こ) 大(おお)いに怒(いか)る （赤(あか)毛(げ)のアン子(こ) 改(かい)題(だい)） [When Anko Really Gets Mad (originally titled Redheaded Anko)]”, in 宇宙船製造法 [How to Build a Spaceship] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 3), 6th edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 50:

And I’ve also been looking around for a pantomime job. Dad doesn’t know about that, though. Anyway, good night, mom. Oh, actually I meant part-time, not pantomime.

それでね、パントマイムでもやろうと思ってあちこちさがしてるの。おとうさんにはないしょよ。じゃ、おやすみなさい。ただ今、パントマイムいったのはパートタイムのあやまりでした。

Sore de ne, pantomaimu de mo yarō to omotte achikochi sagashiteru no. Otō-san ni wa naisho yo. Ja, oyasuminasai. Tada ima, pantomaimu itta no wa pāto-taimu no ayamari deshita.

(attributive) the state of being part-time


忍び

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of the verb 忍ぶ (shinobu, “to put up with, to bear quietly, to endure; to hide, to conceal oneself; to sneak, to move quietly and secretly”).

the act of putting up with, enduring, bearing

Clipping of 忍びの術 (shinobi no jutsu, “stealth technique”). Synonym of 忍術 (“ninjutsu”).

忍びの術

Clipping of 忍びの者 (shinobi no mono, “stealthy one”). Synonym of 忍者 (“ninja”).


フィアンセ

[ɸʲiã̠ɰ̃se̞]

Synonym of 婚約者 (kon'yakusha, “fiancé; fiancée”)


新婚

新婚旅行

新婚旅行 しんこんりょこう


菜食主義者

ja-noun

菜(さい)食(しょく)主(しゅ)義(ぎ)者(しゃ) • (saishokushugisha)

菜食主義者 (canonical)
saishokushugisha (romanization)

[sa̠iɕo̞kɯ̟̊ɕɨɡʲiɕa̠]

菜(さい)食(しょく)主(しゅ)義(ぎ) (saishokushugi, “vegetarianism”) + 者(しゃ) (-sha, “-er”)

com-ja

絶対菜食主義者: vegan

絶対菜食主義者 ぜったいさいしょくしゅぎしゃ


ナルシスト

[na̠ɾɯ̟ɕi̥sɨ̥to̞]


教唆犯

ja-noun

教(きょう)唆(さ)犯(はん) • (kyōsahan) ^(←けうさはん (keusafan)?)

教唆犯 (canonical)
kyōsahan (romanization)
keusafan (romanization)
けうさはん (hiragana historical)

[kʲo̞ːsa̠hã̠ɴ]


俗人

layperson, laity (as opposed to the priesthood)


ビューティー

ビューティー • (byūtī)


父の日

父の日 (canonical)
chichi no hi (romanization)

父 (chichi, “father”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 日 (hi, “day”)


母の日

母の日 (canonical)
haha no hi (romanization)

母 (haha, “mother”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 日 (hi, “day”)


訳者

ja-noun

訳(やく)者(しゃ) • (yakusha) ^(←やくしや (yakusya)?)

訳者 (canonical)
yakusha (romanization)
yakusya (romanization)
やくしや (hiragana historical)

[ja̠kɯ̟̊ɕa̠]


マニア

音楽マニア

fervent enthusiast of something; geek; nerd; maniac


強者

強(きょう)者(しゃ) • (kyōsha) ^(←きやうしゃ (kyausya)?)

強者 (canonical)
kyōsha (romanization)
kyausya (romanization)
きやうしゃ (hiragana historical)

2017 January 20, “英(えい)雄(ゆう)的(てき)介(かい)入(にゅう) [Heroic Intervention]”, in 霊気紛争 [Aether Revolt], Wizards of the Coast:

“Whenever the strong would trample over the weak, I will be there.”

「強者が弱者を蹂躙するとき、そこに私がいるだろう。」

“Kyōsha ga jakusha o jūrinsuru toki, soko ni watashi ga iru darō.”


やらみそ

やらみそ (canonical)
ヤラミソ (canonical)
yaramiso (romanization)

From やらず (yarazu, negative form of やる “do”) + みそじ (misoji, “thirty years of age”). Attested in print from 1980.

ja-compound

2019 December 28, “Yaramiso joshi no tokuyō to tayami to wa? [What are the characteristics and problems of yaramiso women?]”, in Noel, archived from the original on 2024-06-11:

We can estimate the proportion of women without sexual experience at around 30%, based on the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research’s “15th Basic Survey on Fertility Trends” (Gendai Nihon no kekkon to shussan).

やらみそ女子の割合は、国立社会保障・人口問題研究所「第15回出生動向基本調査（現代日本の結婚と出産）」から約3割と予想することができます。

Yaramiso joshi no wariai wa, Kokuritsu Shakai Hoshō Jinkō Mondai Kenkyū jo “Dai jūgo kai Shusshō Dōkō Kihon Chōsa (Gendai Nihon no kekkon to shussan)” kara yaku san wari to yosō suru koto ga dekimasu.

(colloquial, informal) a person who has had no sexual experience before the age of 30; being sexually inexperienced at 30


ロリ

A transliteration of the English female given name Laurie

A transliteration of the English female given name Laury

A transliteration of the English female given name Lori


村長

ja-noun

村(そん)長(ちょう) • (sonchō) ^(←そんちやう (sontyau)?)

村長 (canonical)
sonchō (romanization)
sontyau (romanization)
そんちやう (hiragana historical)

[sõ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ː]

From 村 (son, “village”) + 長 (-chō, “head”).


前夫

one's ex-husband, former husband separated by divorce


うp主

zh-l

阿婆主 (āpózhǔ)

→ Chinese: up主 (àpu-zhǔ), 阿婆主 (āpózhǔ)

[ɯ̟pɯ̟nɯ̟ɕi]

A compound of up (a clipping of English upload; the unconventional spelling is a result of directly typing "up" into a Japanese IME) and 主(ぬし) (nushi, “proprietor”).


玄奘

ja-pos

玄(げん)奘(じょう) • (Genjō) ^(←げんじやう (Genzyau)?)

玄奘 (canonical)
Genjō (romanization)
Genzyau (romanization)
げんじやう (hiragana historical)

[ɡẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑo̞ː]

Xuanzang, Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, and translator who described the interaction between China and India in the early Tang dynasty


女学生

ja-noun

女(じょ)学(がく)生(せい) • (jogakusei) ^(←ぢよがくせい (dyogakusei)?)

女学生 (canonical)
jogakusei (romanization)
dyogakusei (romanization)
ぢよがくせい (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑo̞ɡa̠kɯ̟̊se̞ː]


黄人

黄(こう)人(じん) • (kōjin) ^(←くゎうじん (kwauzin)?)

黄人 (canonical)
kōjin (romanization)
kwauzin (romanization)
くゎうじん (hiragana historical)

(rare) Synonym of 黄色人 (kōshokujin, “yellow person; mongoloid”)


ラブライバー

Blend of Japanese ラブライブ！ (Rabu Raibu!, “Love Live!”) and English -er; equivalent to Love-Liver.

noncog

(neologism) A fan of the Love Live! franchise.


科学者

ja-noun

科(か)学(がく)者(しゃ) • (kagakusha) ^(←くわがくしや (kwagakusya)?)

科学者 (canonical)
kagakusha (romanization)
kwagakusya (romanization)
くわがくしや (hiragana historical)

[ka̠ɡa̠kɯ̟̊ɕa̠]

From 科学(かがく) (kagaku, “science”) + 者(しゃ) (-sha, “-ist”).


康熙

康熙 (canonical)
Kōki (romanization)
Kauki (romanization)
かうき (hiragana historical)

Kangxi (one of the emperors of the Qing dynasty)


焼き豚

char siu, a style of barbecue pork wherein the meat is trussed, marinated, skewered, and then roasted

(slang, derogatory or self-deprecatory) person with an extreme love for baseball


田舎者

田舎者 (canonical)
inakamono (romanization)


姉貴

elder sister (respectful or as a form of endearment)


篝屋

Compound of 篝(かがり) (kagari, “brazier; watchfire”) + 屋(や) (ya, “house”).

ja-com

guardhouse for the Kamakura defenders during the Kamakura period, where watchfires were lit at intersections in the night; warrior stationed at the guardhouse


ウェディングドレス

[β̞e̞dʲĩŋɡɯ̟ do̞ɾe̞sɨ]


ウエディングドレス

[ɯ̟e̞dʲĩŋɡɯ̟ do̞ɾe̞sɨ]


プロポーズ

プロポーズする (canonical)
puropōzu suru (romanization)
プロポーズし (stem)
プロポーズした (past)
プロポーズし
puropōzu shi
プロポーズする
puropōzu suru
プロポーズすれ
puropōzu sure
プロポーズせよ (imperative literary)
プロポーズしろ (colloquial imperative)
puropōzu seyo (imperative literary)
puropōzu shiro (colloquial imperative)
プロポーズされる (passive)
puropōzu sareru (passive)
プロポーズさせる (causative)
プロポーズさす (causative)
puropōzu saseru (causative)
puropōzu sasu (causative)
プロポーズできる (potential)
puropōzu dekiru (potential)
プロポーズしよう (volitional)
puropōzu shiyō (volitional)
プロポーズしない (negative)
puropōzu shinai (negative)
プロポーズせず (continuative negative)
puropōzu sezu (continuative negative)
プロポーズします (formal)
puropōzu shimasu (formal)
プロポーズした (perfective)
puropōzu shita (perfective)
プロポーズして (conjunctive)
puropōzu shite (conjunctive)
プロポーズすれば (conditional hypothetical)
puropōzu sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[pɯ̟ɾo̞po̞ːzɨ]

Synonym of 求婚 (kyūkon, “to propose”) (to ask for one's hand in marriage)


黒電話

黒電話 (canonical)
kurodenwa (romanization)

[kɯ̟ɾo̞dẽ̞ɰ̃β̞a̠]


クレオール

[kɯ̟ɾe̞o̞ːɾɯ̟]

From English Creole, creole, from French créole, from Spanish criollo, from Portuguese crioulo.

a Creole (descendant of white settlers born in colonized country)


ピタゴラス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Πυθαγόρας (Puthagóras)

lbor

Pythagoras (Ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher)


ガボン人

ガボン人 (canonical)
gabonjin (romanization)

[ɡa̠bõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]


すけっと

suketto (romanization)
suketuto (romanization)
すけつと (hiragana historical)


絵師

絵師 (canonical)
eshi (romanization)
wesi (romanization)
ゑし (hiragana historical)


刀鍛冶

ja-noun

刀(かたな)鍛冶(かじ) • (katanakaji) ^(←かたなかぢ (katanakadi)?)

刀鍛冶 (canonical)
katanakaji (romanization)
katanakadi (romanization)
かたなかぢ (hiragana historical)

刀(かたな) (katana, “sword”) + 鍛冶(かじ) (kaji, “smith”).


呆け

呆け (canonical)
呆け (canonical)
boke (romanization)


惚け

惚け (canonical)
惚け (canonical)
boke (romanization)

(comedy) a funnyman (character who does or says stupid things and is called out by a straight man)


足軽

→ Chinese: 足輕／足轻 (zúqīng)

[a̠ɕiɡa̠ɾɯ̟]

2006 November 7, Hideaki Sorachi, “第(だい)百(ひゃく)二(に)十(じゅう)八(はち)訓(くん) 運(うん)に身(み)分(ぶん)は関(かん)係(けい)ない [Lesson 128: Luck Has Nothing to Do with Social Status]”, in 銀(ぎん)魂(たま) [Silver Soul], volume 15 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:

We’re screwed! He heard me again! Our heads are gonna be put on display!

ヤベーよ きこえてたよ もう確実に打ち首獄門だよ

Yabē yo Kikoeteta yo Mō kakujitsu ni uchikubigokumon da yo

ヤベーよ きこえてたよ もう確実に打ち首獄門だよ

ヤベーよ きこえてたよ もう確実に打ち首獄門だよ

(history) an ashigaru, a type of foot soldier in feudal Japan


マヨラー

From マヨネーズ (mayonēzu, “mayonnaise”) and ler (ler).


鰥夫

鰥夫 (canonical)
kanpu (romanization)
kwanpu (romanization)
くわんぷ (hiragana historical)


レア

ja:レア
ja:レア (旧約聖書)


卒乳

[so̞t͡sɨɲ̟ɨː]


女郎

女郎 (canonical)
jorō (romanization)
dyorau (romanization)
ぢよらう (hiragana historical)
じょろ (alternative hiragana)
joro (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)
ぢよろ (alternative hiragana historical)
じょうろ (alternative hiragana)
jōro (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)
ぢようろ (alternative hiragana historical)
めろう (alternative hiragana)
merō (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)
めらう (alternative hiragana historical)


モダンガール

[mo̞da̠ŋ ɡa̠ːɾɯ̟]

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from modern + girl

pseudo-loan

(obsolete, slang) a "modern girl"; a young woman dressed in exotic Western fashions


モダンボーイ

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from modern + boy

(obsolete, slang) a "modern boy"; a young man dressed in exotic Western fashions


箕作

New Latin: Mitsukurinidae, Mitsukurina


ダビデ

2001 March 10 [1998 December 16], Motohiro Katou, “ミネルヴァの梟(ふくろう) [Owl of Minerva]”, in Ｑ(キュー).Ｅ(イー).Ｄ(ディー). 証(しょう)明(めい)終(しゅう)了(りょう) [Q.E.D. Quod Erat Demonstrandum], 9th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 102:

For example, the king of spades is King David of Israel

例えばスペードのＫはイスラエルのダビデ王

Tatoeba supēdo no kingu wa Isuraeru no Dabide Ō


女形

ja-noun

女(おんな)形(がた) • (onnagata) ^(←をんながた (wonnagata)?)

女形 (canonical)
onnagata (romanization)
wonnagata (romanization)
をんながた (hiragana historical)

[õ̞nːa̠ɡa̠ta̠]

Compound of 女 (onna, “woman”) + 形 (kata, “form”). The kata changes to gata as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

male actor who plays female roles in kabuki theater: onnagata


女形

女形 (canonical)
oyama (romanization)
woyama (romanization)
をやま (hiragana historical)

Appears from the early Edo period, around the mid to late 1600s, originally in reference to doll figurines of courtesans made by Oyama Jirōsaburō (小山次郎三郎).


士師

(historical) a type of judge in China under the Zhou dynasty

士師記


ファッションデザイナー

ファッション デザイナー

ja:ファッションデザイナー


産業スパイ

産業スパイ (canonical)
sangyō supai (romanization)

From 産業(さんぎょう) (sangyō, “industry”) + スパイ (supai, “spy”).


トランスジェンダー

[to̞ɾã̠ɰ̃sɨʑẽ̞nda̠ː]


千里眼

[sẽ̞n̺ɾʲiɡã̠ɴ]

Literary Chinese 千里眼 (qiānlǐyǎn, literally “thousand-mile eyes”)

der

(Chinese god) Qianliyan (god with extremely far vision, alongside 順風耳 (Junpūji))


モーセ

ja-pos

モーセ • (Mōse)

(biblical) Moses (the biblical patriarch)


剣闘士

From 剣 (ken, “sword”) + 闘士 (tōshi, “fighter”).

com

グラディアトル グラディアトル#Japanese

(historical) Synonym of グラディアトル (guradiatoru): a gladiator


妹婿

妹婿 (canonical)
imōto-muko (romanization)


阿育王

ja-pos

阿(あ)育(いく)王(おう) • (Aikuō) ^(←あいくわう (Aikwau)?)

阿育王 (canonical)
Aikuō (romanization)
Aikwau (romanization)
あいくわう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 阿育王 (MC 'a yuwk hjwang|hjwangH), from Sanskrit अशोक (aśoka).

Ashoka (Indian emperor revered by Chinese Buddhists for his patronage of the religion)


ルカ

ルカによる福音書


マルコ

マルコによる福音書


マタイ

Doublet of マティア (Matia, “Matthias”). Compare Mandarin 馬太／马太 (Mǎtài).

zh-l

馬太／马太 (Mǎtài)

マタイによる福音書


ヨハネ

洗礼者ヨハネ

使徒ヨハネ

ヨハネによる福音書


おによめ

oniyome (romanization)
onyome (romanization)
おによめ (hiragana historical)

cruel wife, termagant wife, wife from hell


銃士

三銃士


ピグミー

a pygmy (a member of various African peoples)


ピュグマイオイ

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πυγμαῖοι (Pugmaîoi).


国際連合児童基金

ja-pos

こくさい れんごう じどう ききん

こくさいれんがふじどうききん

国(こく)際(さい)連(れん)合(ごう)児(じ)童(どう)基(き)金(きん) • (Kokusai Rengō Jidō Kikin) ^(←こくさいれんがふじどうききん (Kokusairengafuzidoukikin)?)

国際連合児童基金 (canonical)
Kokusai Rengō Jidō Kikin (romanization)
Kokusairengafuzidoukikin (romanization)
こくさいれんがふじどうききん (hiragana historical)

Calque of English United Nations Children's Fund, equivalent to 国際連合 (Kokusai Rengō, “United Nations”) + 児童 (jidō, “child”) + 基金 (kikin, “fund”).
連 is a daiyōji replacing 聯.

ja-daiyouji

こくさいれんがふじどうききん


チアリーダー

ja-noun

チアリーダー • (chiarīdā)

[t͡ɕia̠ɾʲiːda̠ː]

cheerleader (person (usually female) who encourages applause)


高祖父

[ko̞ːso̞ɸɯ̟]

great-great-grandfather (the father of someone's great-grandparent)


ヤコブ

主の兄弟ヤコブ

ゼベダイの子ヤコブ


スタントマン

[sɨ̥tã̠nto̞mã̠ɴ]


内親王

内(ない)親(しん)王(のう) • (naishinnō) ^(←ないしんわう (naisin'wau)?)

内親王 (canonical)
naishinnō (romanization)
naisin'wau (romanization)
ないしんわう (hiragana historical)

内 (nai-, “inside (the palace); indoor”) + 親王 (shinnō, emperor's brother or son). The ō reading for 王 changes to nō as an instance of renjō (連声).

ja-renjō

愛子内親王

an East Asian imperial princess who is either unmarried sister or daughter to the reigning emperor


プラトン

[pɯ̟ɾa̠tõ̞ɴ]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Πλάτων (Plátōn).


ソクラテス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Σωκράτης (Sōkrátēs).


メンヘラ

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from mental health + -er. See also メンヘル (menheru, “mental health”). Originates from 2channel.

pseudo-loan

(Internet slang) a person suffering from mental health issues


支那通

支那通 (canonical)
shina-tsū (romanization)

支那通として青木宣純の後継者となり、中国併呑論を主張した。

2004, 坂西利八郎 (Rihachirō Banzai) in 20世紀日本人名事典. Nichigai Associates, Inc. https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%9D%82%E8%A5%BF%20%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AB%E9%83%8E-1653137

As a China hand he was a successor of Nobuzumi Aoki and espoused the idea of annexation of China.

Shina-tsū to shite Aoki Nobuzumi no kōkeisha to nari, Chūgoku heidon-ron o shuchō shita.

(obsolete) China expert or sinologue; China hand


クチュリエ

[kɯ̟t͡ɕɨɾʲie̞]


仕立屋

仕立屋 (canonical)
shitateya (romanization)

仕立て (shitate, “tailoring, dressmaking”) + 屋 (-ya, “-er”)


ドレスメーカー

ja-noun

ドレスメーカー • (doresumēkā)


レズ

(often derogatory, vulgar) lesbo; lesbian


モブキャラクター

[mo̞bɯ̟ kʲa̠ɾa̠kɯ̟ta̠ː]

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from mob + character.

pseudo-loan

(fiction) generic bystander character, extra


下人

ja-noun

下(げ)人(にん) or 下(しも)人(びと) or 下(しも)人(うど) • (genin or shimobito or shimōdo)

下人 (canonical)
下人 (canonical)
下人 (canonical)
genin (romanization)
shimobito (romanization)
shimōdo (romanization)

a servant (one who is hired to perform regular household or other duties, and receives compensation)


ノストラダムス

Learned borrowing from New Latin Nostradamus


都民

From 都 (“capital”) + 民 (“people, populace”).

A citizen or inhabitant of Tokyo, a Tokyoite; the population of Tokyo.


東京人

東京 (Tōkyō, “Tokyo”) + 人 (-jin, “person”)


上等兵

ja-noun

上(じょう)等(とう)兵(へい) • (jōtōhei) ^(←じゃうとうへい (zyautoufei)?)

上等兵 (canonical)
jōtōhei (romanization)
zyautoufei (romanization)
じゃうとうへい (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑo̞ːto̞ːhe̞ː]

(military) a superior private (enlisted rank below sergeant and above private first class in the Imperial Japanese Army)


眼鏡っ娘

眼鏡っ娘 (canonical)
meganekko (romanization)

English: meganekko

Chinese: 眼鏡娘／眼镜娘 (yǎnjìngniáng)


ハネムーン

[ha̠ne̞mɯ̟̃ːɴ]

a honeymoon (period of time immediately following a marriage)


主犯

主(しゅ)犯(はん) • (shuhan) ^(←しゆはん (syufan)?)

主犯 (canonical)
shuhan (romanization)
syufan (romanization)
しゆはん (hiragana historical)

(including figuratively) prime culprit; principal criminal or offender


准将

准(じゅん)将(しょう) • (junshō) ^(←じゆんしやう (zyunsyau)?)

准将 (canonical)
junshō (romanization)
zyunsyau (romanization)
じゆんしやう (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑɨ̃ɰ̃ɕo̞ː]


兄ちゃん

[ã̠ɲ̟t͡ɕã̠ɴ]

Of 兄 (ani, “older brother”) + ちゃん (-chan), with sound shift from ani to an.

近所の兄ちゃん

(familiar, informal) a young man, boy, lad


義姉

義 (gi, “nonconsanguineous relationship”) + 姉 (shi, “elder sister”)

affix

sister-in-law (spouse's elder sister or elder brother's wife)


清教徒

ja-noun

清(せい)教(きょう)徒(と) • (seikyōto) ^(←せいけうと (seikeuto)?)

清教徒 (canonical)
seikyōto (romanization)
seikeuto (romanization)
せいけうと (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 清教徒 (qīngjiàotú)

→ Korean: 청교도 (cheonggyodo)

ピューリタン ピューリタン#Japanese


ボーイ

Clipping of ベルボーイ (berubōi), borrowed from English bellboy.


土方

ja-pos

土(ひじ)方(かた) • (Hijikata) ^(←ひぢかた (Fidikata)?)

土方 (canonical)
Hijikata (romanization)
Fidikata (romanization)
ひぢかた (hiragana historical)


継父

ja-noun

継(けい)父(ふ) or 継(まま)父(ちち) • (keifu or mamachichi)

継父 (canonical)
継父 (canonical)
keifu (romanization)
mamachichi (romanization)


義妹

義 (gi, “nonconsanguineous relationship”) + 妹 (mai, “younger sister”)

affix

sister-in-law (spouse's younger sister or younger brother's wife)


義弟

brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband)


賤民

貴族あれば賤民あり。


大公

From 大 (tai-, “grand”) + 公 (kō, “duke”).


ユダ

イスカリオテのユダ


コンシエルジュ

[kõ̞ɰ̃ɕie̞ɾɯ̟ʑɨ]


ロリータ

A transliteration of the English female given name Lolita


ヨセフ

ナザレのヨセフ

アリマタヤのヨセフ


イエス・キリスト

イエス (Iesu, “Jesus”) + キリスト (Kirisuto, “Christ”)


耶輸陀羅

耶輸陀羅 (canonical)
Yashudara (romanization)

Ultimately from Sanskrit यशोधरा (yaśodharā)


釈迦

From Middle Chinese 釋迦 (MC syek kae), itself from Sanskrit शाक्य (Śākya).

(Buddhism) Clipping of 釈迦牟尼 (Shakamuni): Sakyamuni

(historical) Short for 釈迦族 (Shaka-zoku): an ancient north Indian tribe to which Sakyamuni once belonged


釈迦

(theater) a gold-lacquered Noh mask used to depict the Buddha


サムエル

[sa̠mɯ̟e̞ɾɯ̟]


バッツマン

(cricket) Synonym of 打者 (dasha, “batsman”)


琴瑟

ja-noun

琴(きん)瑟(しつ) • (kinshitsu) ^(←きんしつ (kinsitu)?)

琴瑟 (canonical)
kinshitsu (romanization)
kinsitu (romanization)
きんしつ (hiragana historical)

[kʲĩɰ̃ɕit͡sɨ]


ボウラー

ボウラー • (bōrā)


良心の囚人

りょうしん の しゅうじん

りやうしん の しうじん

良(りょう)心(しん)の囚(しゅう)人(じん) • (ryōshin no shūjin) ^(←りやうしんのしうじん (ryausin no siuzin)?)

良心の囚人 (canonical)
ryōshin no shūjin (romanization)
ryausin no siuzin (romanization)
りやうしんのしうじん (hiragana historical)

Compound of 良(りょう)心(しん) (ryōshin, “conscience”) + の (no, “of”) + 囚(しゅう)人(じん) (shūjin, “prisoner”).

ja-com

prisoner of conscience
prisoner of conscience


オタサーの姫

オタサーの姫 (canonical)
otasā no hime (romanization)

オタサー (otasā, “otaku circle; group of otaku”) + の (no) + 姫 (“princess”)

com

(neologism, slang) lone girl in a group of male otaku


オリュンピアス

[o̞ɾʲɨ̃mpʲia̠sɨ]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ὀλυμπιάς (Olumpiás)

lbor

(history) Olympias (mother of Alexander the Great)


代将

ja-noun

代(だい)将(しょう) • (daishō) ^(←だいしやう (daisyau)?)

代将 (canonical)
daishō (romanization)
daisyau (romanization)
だいしやう (hiragana historical)


准士官

准(じゅん)士(し)官(かん) • (junshikan) ^(←じゆんしくわん (zyunsikwan)?)

准士官 (canonical)
junshikan (romanization)
zyunsikwan (romanization)
じゆんしくわん (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑɨ̃ɰ̃ɕi̥kã̠ɴ]

[d͡ʑɨ̃ɰ̃ɕikã̠ɴ]

准 (“quasi-”) + 士官 (“commissioned officer”)

pre

(military, as a category of ranks) a warrant officer


将官

ja-noun

将(しょう)官(かん) • (shōkan) ^(←しやうくわん (syaukwan)?)

将官 (canonical)
shōkan (romanization)
syaukwan (romanization)
しやうくわん (hiragana historical)

将 (“general; commander”) + 官 (“official; mandarin; courtier”). 将 likely comes from the old kanji spellings used in titles in the military or guard under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system, particularly the imperial guard known as the 近衛府 (Konoefu).


佐官

佐官 (canonical)
sakan (romanization)
sakwan (romanization)
さくわん (hiragana historical)

佐 (“assistant”) + 官 (“official; mandarin; courtier”). 佐 likely comes from the old kanji spellings used in titles in the military or guard under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system, particularly the second-in-command of the 兵衛府 (Hyōefu) or the 衛門府 (Emonfu), although it was read as すけ (suke) instead, and it was merely a specialized spelling of 次官 (suke). 佐官 was not used under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system, but it was the etymological source of the reading of the Ritsuryō rank of 主典 (sakan, “fourth-in-command”). North Korea and Vietnam use the same element, 佐, as in North Korean 좌 (chwa) and Vietnamese tá, for their senior/field ranks, while both Chinas use 校 and South Korea uses 령 (ryeong, from 領) instead. North Korea and Vietnam coined an additional rank, 상좌 (sangjwa)/thượng tá (“army colonel; naval captain”, in Han characters, 上佐), as an equivalent to Japanese 大佐 (taisa), while shifting their own cognates of 大佐 one rank higher, as in 대좌 (daejwa)/đại tá (“army senior colonel; naval senior captain”).


准尉

ja-noun

准(じゅん)尉(い) • (jun'i) ^(←じゆんゐ (zyun'wi)?)

准尉 (canonical)
jun'i (romanization)
zyun'wi (romanization)
じゆんゐ (hiragana historical)

五等准尉

(military, in specific rank names, of an army, including the Imperial Japanese Army) a warrant officer


尉官

尉官 (canonical)
ikan (romanization)
wikwan (romanization)
ゐくわん (hiragana historical)

尉 + 官 (“official; mandarin; courtier”). 尉 is a rather non-specific Chinese word, used of government positions as low as "warden" and as high as "marshal" (see 廷尉 (tíngwèi), 縣尉／县尉 (xiànwèi), 太尉 (tàiwèi), 都尉 (dūwèi), 校尉 (jiàowèi)). In Japan, however, 尉 likely comes from the old kanji spellings used in titles in the military or guard under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system, particularly the third-in-command of the 兵衛府 (Hyōefu) or the 衛門府 (Emonfu), although it was read as じょう (jō) instead, and it was merely a specialized spelling of 判官 (jō).


強姦犯

[ɡo̞ːkã̠ɰ̃hã̠ɴ]


ホメーロス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ὅμηρος (Hómēros)


ラファエロ

[ɾa̠ɸa̠e̞ɾo̞]

ラファエロ・サンティ

ja:ラファエロ・サンティ


ショートストップ

[ɕo̞ːto̞sɨ̥to̞p̚pɯ̟]

(baseball, softball) Synonym of 遊撃手 (yūgekishu, “shortstop”)


内野手

内野 (naiya, “infield”) + 手 (-shu, “-er”), calque of English infielder


クォーターバック

ja-noun

クォーターバック • (kwōtābakku)

(American football, Canadian football) a quarterback


ウェイター

ウェイター • (weitā)

a waiter (a male server in a restaurant or similar)


乳幼児突然死症候群

にゅうようじ とつぜんし しょうこうぐん

乳(にゅう)幼(よう)児(じ)突(とつ)然(ぜん)死(し)症(しょう)候(こう)群(ぐん) • (nyūyōji totsuzenshi shōkōgun)

乳幼児突然死症候群 (canonical)
nyūyōji totsuzenshi shōkōgun (romanization)

乳幼児 (nyūyōji, “infant”) + 突然死 (totsuzenshi, “cardiac arrest”) + 症候群 (shōkōgun, “syndrome”)

com

sudden infant death syndrome
sudden infant death syndrome

ja:乳幼児突然死症候群


不思議の国のアリス症候群

ja-noun

^ふしぎ の ^くに の ^アリス しょうこうぐん

不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ)の国(くに)のアリス症(しょう)候(こう)群(ぐん) • (Fushigi no Kuni no Arisu shōkōgun)

不思議の国のアリス症候群 (canonical)
Fushigi no Kuni no Arisu shōkōgun (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟ɕiɡʲi no̞ kɯ̟ɲ̟i no̞ a̠ɾʲisɨ ɕo̞ːko̞ːɡɯ̟̃ɴ]

不思議の国のアリス (Fushigi no Kuni no Arisu, “Alice in Wonderland”) + 症候群 (shōkōgun, “syndrome”)

com

Alice in Wonderland syndrome
Alice in Wonderland syndrome

ja:不思議の国のアリス症候群


庶子

非嫡出子

非嫡出子 ひちゃくしゅつし


ジョッキー

ja-noun

ジョッキー • (jokkī)

[d͡ʑo̞k̚ʲkʲiː]

Synonym of 騎手 (kishu, “jockey”) (one who rides racehorses competitively)


私生

illegitimacy (being born out of wedlock)


ケモナー

From ケモノ (kemono, “furry”) and er (er). Might have been originated or popularized in one of the installments of the .hack//G.U. video game series.


腐男子

→ English: fudanshi

[ɸɯ̟dã̠ɰ̃ɕi]


家出人

[ie̞de̞ɲ̟ĩɴ]


やさぐれ

[ja̠sa̠ɡɯ̟ɾe̞]


ドビュッシー

[do̞bʲɨɕːiː]

A transliteration of the French surname Debussy


グリーグ

[ɡɯ̟ɾʲiːɡɯ̟]

A transliteration of the Norwegian surname Grieg


ベートーヴェン

ja-pos

ベートーヴェン • (Bētōven)

[be̞ːto̞ːbẽ̞ɴ]


腰抜け

腰抜け (canonical)
koshinuke (romanization)

Compound of 腰 (koshi) + 抜け (nuke, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 抜ける (nukeru)). From the phrase 腰が抜ける (koshi ga nukeru, “to be unable to stand up”).


わすれんぼう

ja-noun

わすれんぼう • (wasurenbō) ^(←わすれんばう (wasurenbau)?)

wasurenbō (romanization)
wasurenbau (romanization)
わすれんばう (hiragana historical)

[β̞a̠sɨɾẽ̞mbo̞ː]