界

From Middle Chinese 界 (MC keajH, “boundary”).
In Buddhist contexts, derived from the Middle Chinese term used as a translation of Sanskrit धातु (dhātu, “layer, stratum”).

(geology) a stratum corresponding to a geologic age


世

From Middle Chinese 世 (MC syejH). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.


岩

岩 (canonical)
iwa (romanization)
ifa (romanization)
いは (hiragana historical)

/ipa/ → /ifa/ → /iwa/
From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū finished some time after 759 CE.

1999 July 22, “岩(がん)窟(くつ)魔(ま)人(じん)オーガ・ロック [Cave Jinn Ogre Rock]”, in Vol.4, Konami:

Its defence is strong thanks to its rock body. Watch out for a swing of its massive arms.

体が岩のため守備は高い。太い腕のひと振りに注意。

Karada ga iwa no tame shubi wa takai. Futoi ude no hitofuri ni chūi.


海

⟨umi₁⟩ → */umij/ → /umi/
From Old Japanese, theorized as descending from Proto-Japonic *omi.
Has been thought to have been derived from a compound. There are two leading theories regarding the ultimate derivation:
* Shift from 大 (ō-, “big, great”) + 水 (mi, “water”, combining form).
: This is problematic phonetically because there is no known term having a related shift from /opo/ → /oː/ → /o/ → /u/, and semantically as there already exists a compound 大水 (ōmizu, “flood”).
* From う (u-, stem indicating “ocean”) + 水 (mi, “water”, combining form). The u- stem is evident in 魚 (uo, “fish”) and 潮 (ushio, “salt water; tide”), and in the 海 (una) element in various ancient terms (see below).

海を渡る

cross over the ocean → go to a foreign country

(planetology) a mare (dark surface of a celestial body, thought to appear like a sea)


濠

(abbreviation) (geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


石

Short for 石見国 (Iwami-no-kuni): Iwami Province


紀

ジュラ紀


オーストラリア

[o̞ːsɨ̥to̞ɾa̠ɾʲia̠]

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)

濠太剌利

濠太剌利 オーストラリア

アメリカ

北アメリカ (Kita Amerika; ), 南アメリカ (Minami Amerika, )


濠太剌利

ja-pos

濠太剌利(オーストラリア) • (Ōsutoraria)

濠太剌利 (canonical)
Ōsutoraria (romanization)

オーストラリア オーストラリア#Japanese


地震

地震 (canonical)
jishin (romanization)
disin (romanization)
ぢしん (hiragana historical)

地震雷火事親父

earthquake, thunder, fire, father → terms in order of fright

/di t͡ɕin/ → /d͡ʑiɕiɴ/
From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese compound 地震 (MC dijH tsyinH). First cited to a text from 734.


地震

地震 (canonical)
nai (romanization)
nawi (romanization)
なゐ (hiragana historical)

Early Middle Japanese
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki

/nawi/ → */nawʲi/ → /naji/ → /nai/
From Old Japanese. First cited to 720 in the Nihon Shoki.
Apparently this term semantically first referred to the ground, and was used most in constructions like ないふる (naifuru, “the ground shakes”). Over time, this shifted via metonymy to refer to the shaking itself.
May be a compound of 土(な) (na, “ground”, possibly an apophonic form of ni, "earth, soil") + 居(ゐ) (i, “being”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 居(ゐ)る (iru, “to be”, in a location; in modern Japanese, used of animate objects)).
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).

ja-compound

於弥能姑能耶賦能之魔柯枳始陀騰余瀰那為我與釐拠魔耶黎夢之魔柯枳 [Man'yōgana]
臣の子の八符の柴垣下動み地が震り来ば破れむ柴垣 [Modern spelling]

omi no ko no yafu no shibakaki shita-toyomi nai ga yorikoba yaremu shibakaki

於弥能姑能耶賦能之魔柯枳始陀騰余瀰 おみのこのやふのしばかきしたとよみ

我與釐拠魔耶黎夢之魔柯枳 がよりこばやれむしばかき

1212, Hōjōki
また、同じころかとよ、おびたゝしく大地震ふること侍き。… 恐れのなかに恐るべかりけるは、只地震なりけりとこそ覺え侍しか。… よのつね、驚くほどの地震、二三十度ふらぬ日はなし。
Mata, onaji koro ka to yo, obi-tatashiku ō-nai furu koto saburaki. ...osore no naka ni osoru-bekarikeru wa, tada nai narikeri to koso oboe-ji shi ka. ...yo no tsune, odoroku-hodo no nai, ni-san-jūdo furanu hi wa nashi.

(archaic, possibly obsolete or dialect) an earthquake


地震

Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nippo Jisho
Tokyo
ja:明治書院

/nawi/ → */nawʲi/ → /naji/ → /naje/ → /nae/
Appears in the Nippo Jisho.
Shift from nai, historical nawi (see above). First cited to the late 1400s.
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).

大きななえが来れば、恐ろしいよ。

If a big earthquake occurs, it will be terrifying.

Naye. ナエ(地震) 地震.Nayega yuru. (地震が揺る) 地震がする.


いわ

いわする (canonical)
iwa suru (romanization)
いわし (stem)
いわした (past)


火山

From Middle Chinese 火山 (huɑ^X ʃˠɛn, literally “flaming mountain”).

der

1999 February 4, “火(か)炎(えん)草(そう) [Fire Grass]”, in Vol.1, Konami:

A grass that grows near volcanoes. It breathes fire from its flowers.

火山の近くに生息する草。花から火炎を吹き攻撃する。

Kazan no chikaku ni seisoku suru kusa. Hana kara kaen o fuki kōgeki suru.


大陸

大陸斜面

大陸斜面 たいりくしゃめん

大陸移動

大陸移動 たいりくいどう

大陸国家

大陸国家 たいりくこっか

大陸横断鉄道

大陸横断鉄道 たいりくおうだんてつどう

アフリカ大陸


水晶

ja-noun

水(すい)晶(しょう) • (suishō) ^(←すいしやう (suisyau)?)

水晶 (canonical)
suishō (romanization)
suisyau (romanization)
すいしやう (hiragana historical)

水(すい) (sui, “water”) + 晶(しょう) (shō, “crystal”).


水成岩

水成岩 (canonical)
suiseigan (romanization)

[sɨise̞ːɡã̠ɴ]


活火山

ja-noun

活(かっ)火(か)山(ざん) or 活火山(かつかざん) • (kakkazan or katsukazan) ^(←くわつくわざん (kwatukwazan)?)

活火山 (canonical)
活火山 (canonical)
kakkazan (romanization)
katsukazan (romanization)
kwatukwazan (romanization)
くわつくわざん (hiragana historical)


ダイヤモンド

2000 July 13, “ダイヤモンド・ドラゴン [Diamond Dragon]”, in Pharaoh’s Servant －ファラオのしもべ－, Konami:

A dragon made entirely of diamond. The sparkling light from its body can dazzle enemies.

全身がダイヤモンドでできたドラゴン。まばゆい光で敵の目をくらませる。

Zenshin ga daiyamondo de dekita doragon. Mabayui hikari de teki no me o kuramaseru.


石灰岩

石(せっ)灰(かい)岩(がん) • (sekkaigan) ^(←せきくわいがん (sekikwaigan)?)

石灰岩 (canonical)
sekkaigan (romanization)
sekikwaigan (romanization)
せきくわいがん (hiragana historical)


鉱物学

鉱(こう)物(ぶつ)学(がく) • (kōbutsugaku) ^(←くわうぶつがく (kwaubutugaku)?)

鉱物学 (canonical)
kōbutsugaku (romanization)
kwaubutugaku (romanization)
くわうぶつがく (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ːbɯ̟t͡sɨɡa̠kɯ̟]

From 鉱物(こうぶつ) (kōbutsu, “mineral”) + 学(がく) (-gaku, “-logy”).


カンラン岩

カンラン岩 (canonical)
kanrangan (romanization)


鉱物油

鉱物油 (canonical)
kōbutsuyu (romanization)


黒曜石

黒曜石 (canonical)
kokuyōseki (romanization)


斜長石

斜長石 (canonical)
shachōseki (romanization)


曹長石

曹長石 (canonical)
sōchōseki (romanization)


花崗岩

ja-noun

花(か)崗(こう)岩(がん) • (kakōgan) ^(←くわかうがん (kwakaugan)?)

花崗岩 (canonical)
kakōgan (romanization)
kwakaugan (romanization)
くわかうがん (hiragana historical)

[ka̠ko̞ːɡã̠ɴ]


正長石

正長石 (canonical)
seichōseki (romanization)


灰長石

灰長石 (canonical)
kaichōseki (romanization)


カンラン石

カンラン石 (canonical)
kanranseki (romanization)


橄欖石

橄欖石 (canonical)
kanranseki (romanization)

[kã̠n̺ɾã̠ɰ̃se̞kʲi]

From 橄(かん)欖(らん) (kanran, “Burseraceae, torchwood”) + 石(せき) (seki, “stone, rock”).


中性長石

ja-noun

中(ちゅう)性(せい)長(ちょう)石(せき) • (chūseichōseki)

中性長石 (canonical)
chūseichōseki (romanization)


雲母

雲(うん)母(も) or 雲(うん)母(ぼ) or 雲母(きらら) or 雲母(きら) • (unmo or unbo or kirara or kira)

雲母 (canonical)
雲母 (canonical)
雲母 (canonical)
雲母 (canonical)
unmo (romanization)
unbo (romanization)
kirara (romanization)
kira (romanization)


石綿

Compound of 石 (ishi, “stone”) + 綿 (wata, “cotton, batting”).
The first appearance of this term is unknown. The material was known in Japan at least as early as 1764, when Rangaku scholar Hiraga Gennai had asbestos cloth created based on Chinese techniques. However, he called this cloth 火浣布 (kakanpu, literally “fire + wash + cloth”).


石綿

May be a borrowing from Middle Chinese compound 石綿 /石绵 (dzyek miɛn, literally “stone + wool, cotton”). Compare modern Cantonese 石棉 (sek⁶ min⁴).
Alternatively, may have been coined in Japan as a wasei kango (和製漢語) from Middle Chinese-derived elements as a compound of 石 (seki, “stone”) + 綿 (men, “cotton, batting”).


輝安鉱

[kʲiã̠ŋko̞ː]


地質学

地質学 (canonical)
chishitsugaku (romanization)

[t͡ɕiɕi̥t͡sɨɡa̠kɯ̟]

地(ち)質(しつ) (chishitsu, “geological features”) + 学(がく) (-gaku, “-logy; -graphy”)


形態学

形態学 (canonical)
keitaigaku (romanization)

(geology, biology, linguistics) morphology


地形学

地形学 (canonical)
chikeigaku (romanization)

[t͡ɕi̥ke̞ːɡa̠kɯ̟]

地形 (chikei, “topography”) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy”)


真珠

真珠 (canonical)
Shinju (romanization)
真珠 (canonical)
Shinju (romanization)


蛍石

蛍石 (canonical)
hotaruishi (romanization)


蛍石

ja-noun

蛍(けい)石(せき) • (keiseki) ^(←けいせき (keiseki)?)

蛍石 (canonical)
keiseki (romanization)
けいせき (hiragana historical)


ルビー

ルビー • (rubī)


大陸棚

大陸棚 (canonical)
tairikudana (romanization)


大陸斜面

大陸斜面 (canonical)
tairiku-shamen (romanization)

From 大(たい)陸(りく) (tairiku, “continent”) + 斜(しゃ)面(めん) (shamen, “slope”).

(geology) The steep, narrow fringe separating the coastal zone from the deep ocean


石灰石

石(せっ)灰(かい)石(せき) • (sekkaiseki) ^(←せきくわいせき (sekikwaiseki)?)

石灰石 (canonical)
sekkaiseki (romanization)
sekikwaiseki (romanization)
せきくわいせき (hiragana historical)


小石

Compound of 小 (ko, “small, little”) + 石 (ishi, “stone, rock”).


小石

Also variously spelled as 子石, 小岩, 孕石, 輿石, 興石, 古石, 磊


化石

ja-noun

化(か)石(せき) • (kaseki) ^(←くわせき (kwaseki)?)

化石 (canonical)
kaseki (romanization)
kwaseki (romanization)
くわせき (hiragana historical)

化 (ka, “to change into”) + 石 (seki, “stone”)

compound

(metaphor, insult) out-of-date person, thing


琥珀

琥珀 (canonical)
kohaku (romanization)
kofaku (romanization)
こはく (hiragana historical)


休火山

[kʲɨːka̠zã̠ɴ]


土壌

土壌 (canonical)
dojō (romanization)
dozyau (romanization)
どじやう (hiragana historical)

1985, Michio Tomita, Pasokon Sōseiki [Genesis of Personal Computers]:

Utilities, or gadget software and languages for developing programs, were set up, and this environment also became the foundation for hackers such as Paul Allen, Bill Gates, and Tomio Gotō, who could handle the machines as if sucking on them.

プログラムを開発するためのユーティリティーと呼ばれる小道具ソフトや言語が整備され、こうした環境はマシンをしゃぶりつくすように使いこなすポール・アレンやビル・ゲイツ、そして後藤富雄のようなハッカーを育てる土壌ともなった。

Puroguramu o kaihatsu suru tame no yūtiritī to yobareru kodōgu sofuto ya gengo ga seibi sare, kōshita kankyō wa mashin o shaburitsukusu yō ni tsukaikonasu Pōru Aren ya Biru Geitsu, soshite Gotō Tomio no yō na hakkā o sodateru dojō to mo natta.

(figuratively) foundation, environment, or condition under which things occur or grow


石炭

石炭鉱区

石炭鉱区 せきたんこうく

石炭酸

phenol (caustic compound derived from benzene)


青金石

青金石 (canonical)
seikinseki (romanization)

From Middle Chinese compound 青金石 (*tseng kim dzyek, literally “blue-gold stone”). Compare modern Chinese 青金石 (qīngjīnshí).

(mineralogy, geology) lazurite, one of the main mineral components of lapis lazuli


オーストラリア大陸

ja-pos

オーストラリア たいりく

オーストラリア大(たい)陸(りく) • (Ōsutoraria Tairiku)

オーストラリア大陸 (canonical)
Ōsutoraria Tairiku (romanization)


誕生石

ja-noun

誕(たん)生(じょう)石(せき) • (tanjōseki) ^(←たんじやうせき (tanzyauseki)?)

誕生石 (canonical)
tanjōseki (romanization)
tanzyauseki (romanization)
たんじやうせき (hiragana historical)

[tã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑo̞ːse̞kʲi]

Compound of 誕生 (tanjō, “birth”) + 石 (seki, “stone”).

2007 March 15, Gosho Aoyama, “ゴールデン・アイの巻(まき)【前(ぜん)編(ぺん)】 [Golden Eye [First Chapter]]”, in まじっく快(かい)斗(と) [Magic Kaito], volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN:

You replied that your birthdays were close when she said her birthstone was sapphire

少女の誕生石をサファイアだと聞いてあなたは誕生日が近いと答えた

Shōjo no tanjōseki o safaia da to kiite anata wa tanjōbi ga chikai to kotaeta


地震学

地(じ)震(しん)学(がく) • (jishingaku) ^(←ぢしんがく (disingaku)?)

地震学 (canonical)
jishingaku (romanization)
disingaku (romanization)
ぢしんがく (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑiɕĩŋɡa̠kɯ̟]

地震 (jishin, “earthquake”) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy; -graphy”)


地殻プレート

地殻プレート (canonical)
chikaku purēto (romanization)

[t͡ɕika̠kɯ̟ pɯ̟ɾe̞ːto̞]


火山岩

[ka̠zã̠ŋɡã̠ɴ]


雄黄

雄黄 (canonical)
yūō (romanization)
yuuwau (romanization)
ゆうわう (hiragana historical)

/juːwau/ → /juːwɔː/ → /juːoː/
From Middle Chinese compound 雄黃 /雄黄 (hjuwng hwang, literally “male + yellow”), indicating the mineral realgar, in contrast to 雌黄 (tsiɛ hwang, literally “female + yellow”), indicating the mineral orpiment.
Due to similarities between the two minerals, when the term was borrowed into Japanese, the meaning changed from realgar to orpiment.


雄黄

雄黄 (canonical)
oō (romanization)
wowau (romanization)
をわう (hiragana historical)

/wowau/ → /owɔː/ → /ooː/
Compound of 雄 (o, “male”, from Old Japanese) + 黄 (ō, “yellow”, from Middle Chinese).

compound

(rare, possibly obsolete) orpiment, an arsenic sulfide mineral


雄黄

From Old Japanese. Compound of 黄 (ki, “yellow”) + 丹 (ni, “earth, reddish earth”). The kanji are ateji, borrowed from the Chinese term.
Cognate and homophone of 雌黄 (kini, “orpiment”). Only differentiated by spelling.

(rare, possibly obsolete) realgar, an arsenic sulfide mineral


紫水晶

ja-noun

紫(むらさき)水(ずい)晶(しょう) • (murasakizuishō) ^(←むらさきずいしゃう (murasakizuisyau)?)

紫水晶 (canonical)
murasakizuishō (romanization)
murasakizuisyau (romanization)
むらさきずいしゃう (hiragana historical)

紫(むらさき) (murasaki, “purple”) + 水(すい)晶(しょう) (suishō, “crystal”).


紫石英

紫石英 (canonical)
shisekiei (romanization)

紫(し) (shi, “purple”) + 石(せき)英(えい) (sekiei, “quartz”).


砂岩

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 砂岩 (MC srae ngaem, “sandstone”, literally “sand + rock”). Uses the kan'on reading, suggesting a later borrowing. Compare modern Cantonese reading saa¹ ngaam⁴.


砂岩

Appears to be a shift from sagan above. Less common. Uses the goon reading of sha for the 砂 character.


頁岩

[ke̞t͡sɨɡã̠ɴ]

含油頁岩

含油頁岩 がんゆけつがん

石油頁岩

石油頁岩 せきゆけつがん


月長石

月長石 (canonical)
getchōseki (romanization)


石榴石

石榴石 (canonical)
zakuroishi (romanization)

石(ざく)榴(ろ) (zakuro, “pomegranate”) + 石(いし) (ishi, “stone”).


フィヨルド

[ɸʲijo̞ɾɯ̟do̞]

From English fjord or probably from Swedish fjord.

(geology) fjord, a long, narrow, deep inlet between cliffs; fiord (NZ)


オパール

ja-noun

オパール • (opāru)

(mineralogy) opal, a mineral consisting, like quartz, of silica, but inferior to quartz in hardness and specific gravity


地球物理学

地(ち)球(きゅう)物(ぶつ)理(り)学(がく) • (chikyū butsurigaku) ^(←ちきうぶつりがく (tikiubuturigaku)?)

地球物理学 (canonical)
chikyū butsurigaku (romanization)
tikiubuturigaku (romanization)
ちきうぶつりがく (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕi̥kʲɨː bɯ̟t͡sɨɾʲiɡa̠kɯ̟]

地球 (chikyū, “globe”) + 物理学 (butsurigaku, “physics”)


瑪瑙

ja-noun

瑪(め)瑙(のう) or 瑪瑙(メノウ) • (menō) ^(←めなう (menau) or メナウ (menau)?)

瑪瑙 (canonical)
瑪瑙 (canonical)
menō (romanization)
menau (romanization)
めなう (hiragana historical)
メナウ (hiragana historical)

/menau/ → /menɔː/ → /menoː/
First attested in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).
From Middle Chinese 瑪瑙 (MC maeX nawX).


反転テクトニクス

反転テクトニクス (canonical)
hanten-tekutonikusu (romanization)


はんてんテクトニクス

反転テクトニクス 反転テクトニクス#Japanese


震源

千葉県北西部を震源とする地震

Chiba-ken hokuseibu o shingen to suru jishin

an earthquake with a hypocenter in northwestern Chiba Prefecture


地震学者

地(じ)震(しん)学(がく)者(しゃ) • (jishingakusha) ^(←ぢしんがくしや (disingakusya)?)

地震学者 (canonical)
jishingakusha (romanization)
disingakusya (romanization)
ぢしんがくしや (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑiɕĩŋɡa̠kɯ̟ɕa̠]

Could be interpreted as either 地震学 (jishingaku, “seismology”) + 者 (-sha, “-ist”) or 地震 (jishin, “earthquake”) + 学者 (gakusha, “scholar, -ologist”).


断層

Probably from Middle Chinese compound 斷層 /断层 (dwan^X dzong, literally “be cut in two + double; layer”). Compare modern Mandarin 斷層／断层 (duàncéng, “geologic fault”).


だんそう

ja-noun

だんそう • (dansō)


橄欖岩

橄欖岩 (canonical)
kanrangan (romanization)


瑠璃

Daijirin
Lapis lazuli
Qing Dynasty
ja:瑠璃

Shortened from 吠(べい)瑠(る)璃(り) (beiruri), itself from Middle Chinese 吠瑠璃 (MC bjojH lje), a phonetic transcription of Sanskrit वैडूर्य (vaiḍūrya, “cat's eye, beryl”). Some scholars suggest that the source term might instead have been Pali veḷuriya (“precious stone, maybe lapis lazuli”).

der

瑠璃貝: pelagic marine snail of genus Janthina

瑠璃瓦

a kawara tile with a glossy blue glaze, commonly used in roofing in Japan

瑠璃観音: one of the 33 manifestation of Kannon

depicted standing on a lotus leaf floating in the water

with incense in her right hand and a lotus blossom in her left hand

瑠璃釉

a slip containing powdered cobalt and applied to ceramics to achieve a deep blue color after firing

瑠璃紺: a deep blue and glossy piece of lapis lazuli

瑠璃草: navelwort: a flowering plant of genus Omphalodes in family Boraginaceae

native to the mountainous regions of Honshū and Hokkaidō

瑠璃灯: a kind of hexagonal lamp used in the Ōbaku sect of Zen

covered in thin silk and containing a candela made of lapis lazuli

瑠璃溝隠: a flowering herbaceous perennial plant

瑠璃実の樹

an evergreen shrub of genus Lasianthus, native to the Izu Peninsula

a perennial bulbous plant native to Eurasia

lapis lazuli's shine is brought out by polishing

瑠璃の光も磨きがら: → inborn talent is no substitute for hard work and practice

lazuli and crystal sparkle when you shine a light on them

瑠璃も玻璃も照らせば光かる: → even if two things are different

illumination can make their excellent qualities clear

you can tell lazuli and crystal by shining a light on them

瑠璃も玻璃も照らせば分かる: → the true nature of similar things can be discerned by different means

瑠璃は脆し: → a metaphor for the fragility of beautiful things

瑠璃も曇る: → a metaphor for how even the most excellent things lose value over time

(more specific)


スター

ja-noun

スター • (sutā)


雌黄

雌黄 (canonical)
shiō (romanization)
siwau (romanization)
しわう (hiragana historical)

/siːwau/ → /ɕiːwɔː/ → /ɕiːoː/
From Middle Chinese compound 雌黄 (tsiɛ hwang, literally “female + yellow”), indicating the mineral orpiment, in contrast to 雄黃 /雄黄 (hjuwng hwang, literally “male + yellow”), indicating the mineral realgar.
Cognate and homophone of 雄黄 (kini, “realgar”). Only differentiated by spelling.


雌黄

Probably from Old Japanese [Term?]. Compound of 黄 (ki, “yellow”) + 丹 (ni, “earth, reddish earth”).
The spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), ultimately from Middle Chinese 雌黃.


金剛石

金剛石 (canonical)
kongōseki (romanization)

[kõ̞ŋɡo̞ːse̞kʲi]

Compound of 金剛 (kongō, “adamant, extremely strong”) + 石 (seki, “stone”).


カルデラ

Internationalism, ultimately from Spanish caldera; see English caldera.


火口

火口 (canonical)
kakō (romanization)
kwakou (romanization)
くわこう (hiragana historical)

Compound of 火 (ka, “fire”) + 口 (kō, “hole”).

中央火口丘

中央火口丘 ちゅうおうかこうきゅう

爆裂火口

爆裂火口 ばくれつかこう


火口

Compound of 火 (hi, “fire”) + 口 (kuchi, “hole”). The kuchi changes to guchi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


溶岩

溶岩 (canonical)
yōgan (romanization)
yougan (romanization)
ようがん (hiragana historical)


雪花石膏

雪花石膏 (canonical)
sekka sekkō (romanization)

Compound of 雪花(せっか) (sekka, “snowflake”) + 石膏(せっこう) (sekkō, “gypsum”).


古生物学

古生物学 (canonical)
koseibutsugaku (romanization)

[ko̞se̞ːbɯ̟t͡sɨɡa̠kɯ̟]


隆起

(geology) tectonic uplift, usually the ocean floor


燐灰石

ja-noun

燐(りん)灰(かい)石(せき) • (rinkaiseki) ^(←りんくわいせき (rinkwaiseki)?)

燐灰石 (canonical)
rinkaiseki (romanization)
rinkwaiseki (romanization)
りんくわいせき (hiragana historical)


緑柱石

緑柱石 (canonical)
ryokuchūseki (romanization)


菫青石

菫青石 (canonical)
kinseiseki (romanization)


鍾乳石

鍾乳石 (canonical)
shōnyūseki (romanization)


石筍

鍾乳石

鍾乳石 しょうにゅうせき


フィールド

フィールド • (fīrudo)

[ɸʲiːɾɯ̟do̞]


鶏冠石

鶏(けい)冠(かん)石(せき) • (keikanseki) ^(←けいくわんせき (keikwanseki)?)

鶏冠石 (canonical)
keikanseki (romanization)
keikwanseki (romanization)
けいくわんせき (hiragana historical)

From 鶏冠 (keikan, “cockscomb”) + 石 (seki, “stone”), possibly referring to its color.


三畳紀

ja-pos

三(さん)畳(じょう)紀(き) • (Sanjōki) ^(←さんでふき (Sandefuki)?)

三畳紀 (canonical)
Sanjōki (romanization)
Sandefuki (romanization)
さんでふき (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 三疊紀 /三叠纪 (Sāndié Jì)

[sã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑo̞ːkʲi]

Calque of German Trias, first used in 1888.


二畳紀

二(に)畳(じょう)紀(き) • (Nijōki) ^(←にでふき (Nidefuki)?)

二畳紀 (canonical)
Nijōki (romanization)
Nidefuki (romanization)
にでふき (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 二疊紀 /二叠纪 (Èrdié Jì)

[ɲ̟iʑo̞ːkʲi]

Calque of German Dyasformation, first appears in 1888 book 二十万分の一東京図幅地質説明書.

lang

二十万分の一東京図幅地質説明書

二十万分の一東京図幅地質説明書


ペルム紀

ペルム紀 (canonical)
Perumu-ki (romanization)

[pe̞ɾɯ̟mɯ̟ kʲi]


リフト

ja:リフト
ja:リフト (地質)

[ɾʲiɸɯ̟̊to̞]


白亜紀

白亜 (hakua, “white chalk”) + 紀 (-ki, “period”); appears no later than 1883 (in the book 地学要略), but the precise time is unknown.
亜 is a daiyōji replacing 堊.

suf

2002 September 30 [1996 September 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, のび太(た)と銀(ぎん)河(が)超特急(エクスプレス) [Nobita and the Galaxy Express] (大長編ドラえもん; 16), 20th edition, volume 16 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 126:

Ornithomimus: Ostrich-like dinosaurs of the late Cretaceous. These are extremely fast runners. They are also omnivores. They eat fruit and other things.

「オルニトミムス」白亜紀後半のダチョウ型恐竜。猛スピードで走りまわる。雑食性。木の実などなんでも食べる。

“Orunitomimusu” Hakuaki kōhan no dachōgata kyōryū. Mō-supīdo de hashirimawaru. Zasshokusei. Ko no mi nado nan demo taberu.


黄土

黄土 (canonical)
ōdo (romanization)
waudo (romanization)
わうど (hiragana historical)


黄土

黄土 (canonical)
kōdo (romanization)
kwaudo (romanization)
くわうど (hiragana historical)


成層火山

成層火山 (canonical)
seisōkazan (romanization)


岩漿

ja-noun

岩(がん)漿(しょう) • (ganshō) ^(←がんしやう (gansyau)?)

岩漿 (canonical)
ganshō (romanization)
gansyau (romanization)
がんしやう (hiragana historical)

(geology) Synonym of マグマ (maguma, “magma”)


角礫岩

角礫岩 (canonical)
kakurekigan (romanization)


凝灰岩

凝(ぎょう)灰(かい)岩(がん) • (gyōkaigan) ^(←ぎようくわいがん (gyoukwaigan)?)

凝灰岩 (canonical)
gyōkaigan (romanization)
gyoukwaigan (romanization)
ぎようくわいがん (hiragana historical)

[ɡʲo̞ːka̠iɡã̠ɴ]

緑色凝灰岩

緑色凝灰岩 りょくしょくぎょうかいがん


細石

細石 (canonical)
sazareishi (romanization)


蝋石

蝋(ろう)石(せき) • (rōseki) ^(←らふせき (rafuseki)?)

蝋石 (canonical)
rōseki (romanization)
rafuseki (romanization)
らふせき (hiragana historical)


霞石

霞石 (canonical)
kasumiishi (romanization)


鋭錐石

鋭錐石 (canonical)
eisuiseki (romanization)


玻璃長石

玻璃長石 (canonical)
harichōseki (romanization)


蛇紋石

蛇紋石 (canonical)
jamonseki (romanization)

葉蛇紋石

葉蛇紋石 ようじゃもんせき


葉蛇紋石

葉蛇紋石 (canonical)
yōjamonseki (romanization)


葉蝋石

葉(よう)蝋(ろう)石(せき) • (yōrōseki) ^(←えふらふせき (efurafuseki)?)

葉蝋石 (canonical)
yōrōseki (romanization)
efurafuseki (romanization)
えふらふせき (hiragana historical)


明礬石

明礬石 (canonical)
myōbanseki (romanization)


上国石

上国石 (canonical)
jōkokuseki (romanization)


閃緑岩

閃緑岩 (canonical)
senryokugan (romanization)

花崗閃緑岩

花崗閃緑岩 かこうせんりょくがん


花崗閃緑岩

花(か)崗(こう)閃(せん)緑(りょく)岩(がん) • (kakōsenryokugan) ^(←くわかうせんりょくがん (kwakausenryokugan)?)

花崗閃緑岩 (canonical)
kakōsenryokugan (romanization)
kwakausenryokugan (romanization)
くわかうせんりょくがん (hiragana historical)

[ka̠ko̞ːsẽ̞n̺ɾʲo̞kɯ̟ɡã̠ɴ]


斑糲岩

斑糲岩 (canonical)
hanreigan (romanization)


緑泥石

緑泥石 (canonical)
ryokudeiseki (romanization)


孔雀石

孔雀石 (canonical)
kujakuseki (romanization)

亜鉛孔雀石

亜鉛孔雀石 あえんくじゃくせき

擬孔雀石

擬孔雀石 ぎくじゃくせき

珪孔雀石

珪孔雀石 けいくじゃくせき


珪孔雀石

珪孔雀石 (canonical)
keikujakuseki (romanization)


擬孔雀石

擬孔雀石 (canonical)
gikujakuseki (romanization)


亜鉛孔雀石

亜(あ)鉛(えん)孔(く)雀(じゃく)石(せき) • (aenkujakuseki)

亜鉛孔雀石 (canonical)
aenkujakuseki (romanization)


曹灰硼石

曹灰硼石 (canonical)
sōkaihōseki (romanization)


葉理

葉理 (canonical)
yōri (romanization)
efuri (romanization)
えふり (hiragana historical)

(geology) lamination (small scale sequence of fine layers that occurs in sedimentary rocks)


葉層

葉層 (canonical)
yōsō (romanization)
efusou (romanization)
えふそう (hiragana historical)

(geology) lamina (fine layer that occurs in sedimentary rocks)


片岩

結晶片岩

結晶片岩 けっしょうへんがん

結晶片岩

結晶片岩 けっしょうへんがん

緑色片岩

緑色片岩 りょくしょくへんがん


泥板岩

泥板岩 (canonical)
deibangan (romanization)

[de̞ːbã̠ŋɡã̠ɴ]

From Middle Chinese 泥板岩 (nei pˠan^X ŋˠam).


鱗珪石

鱗珪石 (canonical)
rinkeiseki (romanization)


鱗石英

鱗石英 (canonical)
rinsekiei (romanization)


鶏冠

鶏(けい)冠(かん) • (keikan) ^(←けいくわん (keikwan)?)

鶏冠 (canonical)
keikan (romanization)
keikwan (romanization)
けいくわん (hiragana historical)

/kei kʷan/ → /keːkan/
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 雞冠 (MC kej kwan).

(mineralogy, colloquial) Short for 鶏冠石 (keikanseki): realgar


岩石学

岩石学 (canonical)
gansekigaku (romanization)

[ɡã̠ɰ̃se̞kʲiɡa̠kɯ̟]


葡萄石

葡(ぶ)萄(どう)石(せき) • (budōseki) ^(←ぶだうせき (budauseki)?)

葡萄石 (canonical)
budōseki (romanization)
budauseki (romanization)
ぶだうせき (hiragana historical)


石炭紀

石炭紀 (canonical)
Sekitanki (romanization)

石炭 (sekitan, “coal”) + 紀 (-ki, “period”)

suf

1987 May 1 [1987 March 20], Fujiko Fujio, “創世日記 [Diary of Genesis]”, in みどりの守り神 [Green Guardian God] (藤子不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 2), 2nd edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第一章, page 23:

August 19, 300 million years ago. Huge Carboniferous forests. The age of the dinosaurs is drawing near.

八月十九日三億年前 石炭紀の大森林 恐竜時代はもう近い

Hachigatsu jūkunichi san'okunen mae Sekitanki no daishinrin Kyōryū jidai wa mō chikai

1987 May 1 [1987 March 20], Fujiko Fujio, “うちの石炭紀 [My Carboniferous]”, in みどりの守り神 [Green Guardian God] (藤子不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 2), 2nd edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第三章, page 576:

Our ancestors emerged on this Earth 300 million years ago, in the Paleozoic Carboniferous. Given that human history has only spanned 2.5 million years, our species is about 120 times older.

三億年前古生代石炭紀の地球にわれわれの先祖は現れた人類の歴史を二百五十万年とすればそのざっと百二十倍の昔だ

San'okunen mae Koseidai Sekitanki no Chikyū ni wareware no senzo wa arawareta Jinrui no rekishi o nihyakugojū-mannen to sureba Sono zatto hyakunijūbai no mukashi da


緑簾石

緑簾石 (canonical)
ryokurenseki (romanization)

[ɾʲo̞kɯ̟ɾẽ̞ɰ̃se̞kʲi]


苦土

菱苦土石: magnesite

菱苦土石 りょうくどせき


大気圏

Compound of 大気 (taiki, “the air, the atmosphere”) + 圏 (ken, “sphere, area, realm”).

compound

2001 August 27, Kozue Amano, “Navigation(ナビゲーション)01(れいいち) 水(みず)の惑(わく)星(せい) [Navigation 01: The Water Planet]”, in AQUA(アクア) [AQUA], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Enix, →ISBN, page 5:

You have been on Solar System Spaceline’s Tokyo–New Venice flight. Thank you for using our services. We are about to enter the planet Aqua’s atmosphere.

本日は太陽系航宙社東京゠ネオ・ヴェネツィア便をご利用いただき まことにありがとうございます 当機はまもなく 惑星アクアの大気圏に突入します

Honjitsu wa Taiyōkei Kōchūsha Tōkyō-Neo Venetsia bin o goriyō itadaki Makoto ni arigatō gozaimasu Tōki wa mamonaku wakusei Akua no taikiken ni totsunyū shimasu

2011 April 9, Hideaki Sorachi, “第(だい)三(さん)百(びゃく)三(さん)十(じゅう)六(ろく)訓(くん) 忘(ぼう)年(ねん)会(かい)でも忘(わす)れちゃいけないものがある [Lesson 336: There Are Things You Can’t Forget Even at a Forgetting-Last-Year Party]”, in 銀(ぎん)魂(たま) [Silver Soul], volume 39 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:

F…Forget the K-point, I just ejected right through the freaking atmosphere!!

けっ…Ｋ点どころか 大気圏ブチ抜いたァァァァァァ‼

Ke'…Kē-ten dokoroka taikiken buchi nuitaaaaaaa‼

(meteorology) an atmosphere (gases surrounding an astronomical body)

Atmosphere
Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:大気圏
ja:松村明


松脂岩

松脂岩 (canonical)
shōshigan (romanization)

[ɕo̞ːɕiɡã̠ɴ]


間欠泉

間欠泉 (canonical)
kanketsusen (romanization)

→ Chinese: 間歇泉 /间歇泉 (jiànxiēquán)

→ Korean: 간헐천 (ganheolcheon)

[kã̠ŋke̞t͡sɨ̥sẽ̞ɴ]

間欠 (kanketsu, “intermittent”) + 泉 (sen, “spring”)
欠 is a daiyōji replacing 歇.

com

(planetology, geology, volcanology) a geyser


猫目石

猫目石 (canonical)
nekomeishi (romanization)


キャッツアイ

2007 March 15, Gosho Aoyama, “ゴールデン・アイの巻(まき)【前(ぜん)編(ぺん)】 [Golden Eye [First Chapter]]”, in まじっく[快](かい)[斗](と) [Magic Kaito], volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 110:

Having white lights inside that amber look… This golden cat's eye is one of a kind!!

金褐色の中に一筋の白い光…まさに黄金の猫目石‼

Kinkasshoku no naka ni hitosuji no shiroi hikari… Masa ni ōgon no kyattsu ai‼


猫睛石

ja-noun

猫(びょう)睛(せい)石(せき) • (byōseiseki) ^(←べうせいせき (beuseiseki)?)

猫睛石 (canonical)
byōseiseki (romanization)
beuseiseki (romanization)
べうせいせき (hiragana historical)


営力

[e̞ːɾʲo̞kɯ̟]

外的営力

外的営力 がいてきえいりょく

内的営力

内的営力 ないてきえいりょく


エメラルド

[e̞me̞ɾa̠ɾɯ̟do̞]


冥王代

ja-pos

冥(めい)王(おう)代(だい) • (Meiōdai) ^(←めいわうだい (Meiwaudai)?)

冥王代 (canonical)
Meiōdai (romanization)
Meiwaudai (romanization)
めいわうだい (hiragana historical)

冥王 (Meiō, “King of the Underworld”) + 代 (-dai, “era”)


始生代

始生代 (canonical)
Shiseidai (romanization)


原始生代

原始生代 (canonical)
Genshiseidai (romanization)


古始生代

古始生代 (canonical)
Koshiseidai (romanization)


中始生代

中始生代 (canonical)
Chūshiseidai (romanization)


新始生代

新始生代 (canonical)
Shinshiseidai (romanization)


先カンブリア時代

ja-pos

せん-カンブリア じだい

先(せん)カンブリア時(じ)代(だい) • (Sen-Kanburia Jidai)

先カンブリア時代 (canonical)
Sen-Kanburia Jidai (romanization)

先 (sen, “pre-; fore-”) + カンブリア (Kanburia, “Cambria”) + 時代 (jidai, “age”)


原生代

原生代 (canonical)
Genseidai (romanization)

[ɡẽ̞ɰ̃se̞ːda̠i]


古原生代

古原生代 (canonical)
Kogenseidai (romanization)


中原生代

中原生代 (canonical)
Chūgenseidai (romanization)


新原生代

新原生代 (canonical)
Shingenseidai (romanization)


顕生代

顕生代 (canonical)
Kenseidai (romanization)


カンブリア紀

カンブリア紀 (canonical)
Kanburia-ki (romanization)

カンブリア (Kanburia, “Cambria”) + 紀 (-ki, “period”)

suf

August 16, 600 million years ago, early Cambrian seas started to become full of life

八月十六日六億年前 カンブリア紀初期の海 ずいぶんにぎやかになってきたな

Hachikatsu jūrokunichi rokuokunen mae Kanburia-ki shoki no umi zuibun nigiyaka ni natte kita na


オルドビス紀

オルドビス紀 (canonical)
Orudobisu-ki (romanization)

August 17, 500 million years ago, the Ordovician. Plants started to grow on land, too!!

八月十七日五億年前 オルドビス紀 陸上にも植物が現れはじめた‼

Hachigatsu jūshichinichi gookunen mae Orudobisu-ki rikujō ni mo shokubutsu ga arawarehajimeta‼


シルル紀

シルル紀 (canonical)
Shiruru-ki (romanization)

[ɕiɾɯ̟ɾɯ̟kʲi]

シルル + 紀 (“period”). Compare German Silur.


デボン紀

デボン紀 (canonical)
Debon-ki (romanization)

デボン (Debon, “Devon”) + 紀 (-ki, “period”). Compare German Devon.


中生代

中生代 (canonical)
Chūseidai (romanization)


トリアス紀

トリアス紀 (canonical)
Toriasu-ki (romanization)

トリアス + 紀 (“period”). Compare German Trias.


ジュラ紀

[d͡ʑɨɾa̠kʲi]

ジュラ (“Jura”) + 紀 (“period”). Compare German Jura.


新生代

新生代 (canonical)
Shinseidai (romanization)

[ɕĩɰ̃se̞ːda̠i]


古第三紀

古第三紀 (canonical)
Kodaisanki (romanization)

古 (ko-, “old”) + 第三紀 (Daisanki, “Tertiary period”)


新第三紀

新第三紀 (canonical)
Shindaisanki (romanization)

新 (shin-, “new”) + 第三紀 (Daisanki, “Tertiary period”)


第四紀

ja-pos

第(だい)四(よん)紀(き) or 第(だい)四(し)紀(き) • (Daiyonki or Daishiki)

第四紀 (canonical)
第四紀 (canonical)
Daiyonki (romanization)
Daishiki (romanization)

第四 (daiyon, “fourth”) + 紀 (-ki, “period”)


第三紀

第三 (daisan, “third”) + 紀 (-ki, “period”)


太古代

太古 (taiko, “ancient times”) + 代 (-dai, “era”)


パール

ja-noun

パール • (pāru)


ローズクォーツ

ローズクォーツ • (rōzu kwōtsu)

[ɾo̞ːzɨ kᵝo̞ːt͡sɨ]


黝簾石

黝(ゆう)簾(れん)石(せき) • (yūrenseki) ^(←いうれんせき (iurenseki)?)

黝簾石 (canonical)
yūrenseki (romanization)
iurenseki (romanization)
いうれんせき (hiragana historical)

[jɯ̟ːɾẽ̞ɰ̃se̞kʲi]

斜黝簾石

斜黝簾石 しゃゆうれんせき


斜黝簾石

斜黝簾石 (canonical)
shayūrenseki (romanization)

[ɕa̠jɯ̟ːɾẽ̞ɰ̃se̞kʲi]

斜灰簾石

斜灰簾石 しゃかいれんせき


灰簾石

灰(かい)簾(れん)石(せき) • (kairenseki) ^(←くわいれんせき (kwairenseki)?)

灰簾石 (canonical)
kairenseki (romanization)
kwairenseki (romanization)
くわいれんせき (hiragana historical)

斜灰簾石

斜灰簾石 しゃかいれんせき


斜灰簾石

斜灰簾石 (canonical)
shakairenseki (romanization)

[ɕa̠ka̠iɾẽ̞ɰ̃se̞kʲi]

斜黝簾石

斜黝簾石 しゃゆうれんせき


ラピスラズリ

[ɾa̠pʲisɨ ɾa̠zɨɾʲi]

Possibly borrowed from English lapis lazuli. From Medieval Latin lapis (“stone”) + lazulī (“of heaven, of the sky”, genitive singular of lazulum).

compound

genitive singular of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">lazulum</i>


マグマ

Borrowed from English magma.
First cited to a text from 1929.

1999 March 6, “マグマン [Magman]”, in Starter(スターター) Box(ボックス), Konami:

A monster born in magma. It dissolves anything nearby with its scorching heat.

マグマの中から生まれたモンスター。ものすごい熱で近づくものは溶ける。

Maguma no naka kara umareta monsutā. Monosugoi netsu de chikazuku mono wa tokeru.


榴輝岩

ja-noun

榴(りゅう)輝(き)岩(がん) • (ryūkigan) ^(←りうきがん (riukigan)?)

榴輝岩 (canonical)
ryūkigan (romanization)
riukigan (romanization)
りうきがん (hiragana historical)

[ɾʲɨːkʲiɡã̠ɴ]


河床

河床 (canonical)
kashō (romanization)
kasyau (romanization)
かしやう (hiragana historical)


同化作用

同(どう)化(か)作(さ)用(よう) • (dōka sayō) ^(←どうくわさよう (doukwa sayou)?)

同化作用 (canonical)
dōka sayō (romanization)
doukwa sayou (romanization)
どうくわさよう (hiragana historical)

(geology, biology, linguistics) assimilation; metabolism; anabolism


火打石

火打石 (canonical)
hiuchiishi (romanization)


魚眼石

魚眼石 (canonical)
gyoganseki (romanization)

[ɡʲo̞ɡã̠ɰ̃se̞kʲi]

魚眼 (gyogan, “fish eye”) + 石 (seki, “stone”)


海溝

海溝 (canonical)
kaikō (romanization)
kaikou (romanization)
かいこう (hiragana historical)


緑色片岩

ja-noun

緑(りょく)色(しょく)片(へん)岩(がん) • (ryokushoku hengan)

緑色片岩 (canonical)
ryokushoku hengan (romanization)

[ɾʲo̞kɯ̟ɕo̞kɯ̟ hẽ̞ŋɡã̠ɴ]

緑色 (ryokushoku, “green”) + 片岩 (hengan, “schist”)


緑色凝灰岩

ja-noun

りょくしょく ぎょうかいがん

りよくしよくぎようくわいがん

緑(りょく)色(しょく)凝(ぎょう)灰(かい)岩(がん) • (ryokushoku gyōkaigan) ^(←りよくしよくぎようくわいがん (ryokusyokugyoukwaigan)?)

緑色凝灰岩 (canonical)
ryokushoku gyōkaigan (romanization)
ryokusyokugyoukwaigan (romanization)
りよくしよくぎようくわいがん (hiragana historical)

りょくしょくぎょーかいがん

[ɾʲo̞kɯ̟ɕo̞kɯ̟ ɡʲo̞ːka̠iɡã̠ɴ]

緑色 (ryokushoku, “green”) + 凝灰岩 (gyōkaigan, “tuff”)

affix

りょくしょくぎょうかいがん


グリーンタフ

[ɡɯ̟ɾʲiːn ta̠ɸɯ̟]

緑色凝灰岩

緑色凝灰岩 りょくしょくぎょうかいがん


宝石学

宝石学 (canonical)
hōsekigaku (romanization)

宝石 (hōseki, “gem”) + 学 (-gaku, “-graphy; -logy”)


黄鉄鉱

ja-noun

黄(おう)鉄(てっ)鉱(こう) • (ōtekkō) ^(←わうてつくわう (wautetukwau)?)

黄鉄鉱 (canonical)
ōtekkō (romanization)
wautetukwau (romanization)
わうてつくわう (hiragana historical)


沈降

沈(ちん)降(こう) • (chinkō) ^(←ちんかう (tinkau)?)

沈降 (canonical)
chinkō (romanization)
tinkau (romanization)
ちんかう (hiragana historical)


沈降

沈降する (canonical)
chinkō suru (romanization)
tinkau (romanization)
沈降し (stem)
沈降した (past)
沈降し
ちんこうし
chinkō shi
沈降する
ちんこうする
chinkō suru
沈降すれ
ちんこうすれ
chinkō sure
沈降せよ (imperative literary)
沈降しろ (colloquial imperative)
ちんこうせよ (imperative literary)
ちんこうしろ (colloquial imperative)
chinkō seyo (imperative literary)
chinkō shiro (colloquial imperative)
沈降される (passive)
ちんこうされる (passive)
chinkō sareru (passive)
沈降させる (causative)
沈降さす (causative)
ちんこうさせる (causative)
ちんこうさす (causative)
chinkō saseru (causative)
chinkō sasu (causative)
沈降できる (potential)
ちんこうできる (potential)
chinkō dekiru (potential)
沈降しよう (volitional)
ちんこうしよう (volitional)
chinkō shiyō (volitional)
沈降しない (negative)
ちんこうしない (negative)
chinkō shinai (negative)
沈降せず (continuative negative)
ちんこうせず (continuative negative)
chinkō sezu (continuative negative)
沈降します (formal)
ちんこうします (formal)
chinkō shimasu (formal)
沈降した (perfective)
ちんこうした (perfective)
chinkō shita (perfective)
沈降して (conjunctive)
ちんこうして (conjunctive)
chinkō shite (conjunctive)
沈降すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ちんこうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
chinkō sureba (conditional hypothetical)


プレートテクトニクス

[pɯ̟ɾe̞ːto̞ te̞kɯ̟̊to̞ɲ̟ikɯ̟̊sɨ]

ja:プレートテクトニクス


アレキサンドライト

2015 March 21, “アレキサンドライドラゴン [Alexandridragon]”, in デュエリストエントリーデッキVS(バーサス) [Duelist Entry Deck VS], Konami:

An extremely rare dragon who bears alexandrite scales. These magnificent scales have the names of ancient kings on them, and they symbolize mysticality.
―Whosoever finds him has already gained great fortune whether they know it or not.

アレキサンドライトのウロコを持った、非常に珍しいドラゴン。その美しいウロコは古の王の名を冠し、神秘の象徴とされる。
――それを手にした者は大いなる幸運を既につかんでいる事に気づいていない。

Arekisandoraito no uroko o motta, hijō ni mezurashii doragon. Sono utsukushii uroko wa inishie no ō no na o kan shi, shinpi no shōchō to sareru.
――Sore o te ni shita mono wa ōi naru kōun o sude ni tsukande iru koto ni kizuite inai.

ja:アレキサンドライト


震央

震(しん)央(おう) • (shin'ō) ^(←しんあう (sin'au)?)

震央 (canonical)
shin'ō (romanization)
sin'au (romanization)
しんあう (hiragana historical)


轟石

轟(とどろき)石(せき) or 轟(とどろき)石(いし) • (todorokiseki or todorokiishi)

轟石 (canonical)
轟石 (canonical)
todorokiseki (romanization)
todorokiishi (romanization)

After Todoroki Mine (轟鉱山) in Shiribeshi, Hokkaido where it was discovered.


不凍港

[ɸɯ̟to̞ːko̞ː]

Compound of 不(ふ)凍(とう) (futō, “nonfreezing”) + 港(こう) (kō, “port”).

com-ja

(geology, politics) ice-free port; warm-water port


珪化

珪化 (canonical)
keika (romanization)
keikwa (romanization)
けいくわ (hiragana historical)


珪化

珪化する (canonical)
keika suru (romanization)
keikwa (romanization)
珪化し (stem)
珪化した (past)
珪化し
けいかし
keika shi
珪化する
けいかする
keika suru
珪化すれ
けいかすれ
keika sure
珪化せよ (imperative literary)
珪化しろ (colloquial imperative)
けいかせよ (imperative literary)
けいかしろ (colloquial imperative)
keika seyo (imperative literary)
keika shiro (colloquial imperative)
珪化される (passive)
けいかされる (passive)
keika sareru (passive)
珪化させる (causative)
珪化さす (causative)
けいかさせる (causative)
けいかさす (causative)
keika saseru (causative)
keika sasu (causative)
珪化できる (potential)
けいかできる (potential)
keika dekiru (potential)
珪化しよう (volitional)
けいかしよう (volitional)
keika shiyō (volitional)
珪化しない (negative)
けいかしない (negative)
keika shinai (negative)
珪化せず (continuative negative)
けいかせず (continuative negative)
keika sezu (continuative negative)
珪化します (formal)
けいかします (formal)
keika shimasu (formal)
珪化した (perfective)
けいかした (perfective)
keika shita (perfective)
珪化して (conjunctive)
けいかして (conjunctive)
keika shite (conjunctive)
珪化すれば (conditional hypothetical)
けいかすれば (conditional hypothetical)
keika sureba (conditional hypothetical)


溶岩円頂丘

ja-noun

ようがん えんちょうきゅう

溶(よう)岩(がん)円(えん)頂(ちょう)丘(きゅう) • (yōgan enchōkyū) ^(←ようがんゑんちやうきう (yougan'wentyaukiu)?)

溶岩円頂丘 (canonical)
yōgan enchōkyū (romanization)
yougan'wentyaukiu (romanization)
ようがんゑんちやうきう (hiragana historical)

よーがんえんちょーきゅう

[jo̞ːɡã̠ɰ̃ẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ːkʲɨː]


スカルン

[sɨka̠ɾɯ̟̃ɴ]


半化石

半化石 (canonical)
hankaseki (romanization)


大磐石

大(だい)磐(ばん)石(じゃく) • (daibanjaku) ^(←だいばんじやく (daibanzyaku)?)

大磐石 (canonical)
daibanjaku (romanization)
daibanzyaku (romanization)
だいばんじやく (hiragana historical)

[da̠ibã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑa̠kɯ̟]


活断層

活(かつ)断(だん)層(そう) • (katsudansō) ^(←くわつだんそう (kwatudansou)?)

活断層 (canonical)
katsudansō (romanization)
kwatudansou (romanization)
くわつだんそう (hiragana historical)

[ka̠t͡sɨdã̠ɰ̃so̞ː]


地殻

地殻 (canonical)
chikaku (romanization)
tikaku (romanization)
ちかく (hiragana historical)


示準化石

示(し)準(じゅん)化(か)石(せき) • (shijun kaseki) ^(←しじゆんくわせき (sizyunkwaseki)?)

示準化石 (canonical)
shijun kaseki (romanization)
sizyunkwaseki (romanization)
しじゆんくわせき (hiragana historical)

標準化石

標準化石 ひょうじゅんかせき


燐葉石

燐葉石 (canonical)
rin'yōseki (romanization)

[ɾʲĩɰ̃jo̞ːse̞kʲi]

ja:フォスフォフィライト


フォスフォフィライト

[ɸo̞sɨɸo̞ɸʲiɾa̠ito̞]

ja:フォスフォフィライト


東北地方太平洋沖地震

ja-pos

^とうほく-ちほう ^たいへいよう-おき ^じしん

東(とう)北(ほく)地(ち)方(ほう)太(たい)平(へい)洋(よう)沖(おき)地(じ)震(しん) • (Tōhoku-chihō Taiheiyō-oki Jishin)

東北地方太平洋沖地震 (canonical)
Tōhoku-chihō Taiheiyō-oki Jishin (romanization)

(seismology) the Tōhoku earthquake of March 11, 2011

ja:東北地方太平洋沖地震


氷柱石

氷柱石 (canonical)
tsuraraishi (romanization)

(geology) Synonym of 鍾乳石 (shōnyūseki, “stalactite”)


熱雲

ja-noun

熱(ねつ)雲(うん) • (netsuun) ^(←ねつうん (netuun)?)

熱雲 (canonical)
netsuun (romanization)
netuun (romanization)
ねつうん (hiragana historical)

[ne̞t͡sɨ̃ːɴ]

(volcanology) glowing cloud; small-scale pyroclastic flow


パールグレー

パールグレー • (pāru gurē)

[pa̠ːɾɯ̟ ɡɯ̟ɾe̞ː]


パールホワイト

[pa̠ːɾɯ̟ ho̞β̞a̠ito̞]


シマ

Blend of シリコン (shirikon, “silicon”) + マグネシウム (maguneshiumu, “magnesium”).

ja-blend

ja:シマ (地球科学)


激震

ja-noun

激(げき)震(しん) • (gekishin) ^(←げきしん (gekisin)?)

激震 (canonical)
gekishin (romanization)
gekisin (romanization)
げきしん (hiragana historical)

(seismology) earthquake of intensity 7 (JMA scale); violent earthquake


烈震

烈(れっ)震(しん) • (resshin) ^(←れつしん (retusin)?)

烈震 (canonical)
resshin (romanization)
retusin (romanization)
れつしん (hiragana historical)

(seismology) earthquake of intensity 6 (JMA scale)


マグニチュード

[ma̠ɡɯ̟ɲ̟it͡ɕɨːdo̞]


若林鉱

若林鉱 (canonical)
wakabayashikō (romanization)

From 若林 (Wakabayashi, surname) + 鉱 (kō, “mineral”), named after Japanese mineralogist 若林弥一郎 (Wakabayashi Yaichiro).


黄銅鉱

ja-noun

黄(おう)銅(どう)鉱(こう) • (ōdōkō)


毛鉱

毛(もう)鉱(こう) • (mōkō)


方鉛鉱

方(ほう)鉛(えん)鉱(こう) • (hōenkō)

[ho̞ːẽ̞ŋko̞ː]


閃亜鉛鉱

閃亜鉛鉱 (canonical)
sen'aenkō (romanization)

[sẽ̞ɰ̃a̠ẽ̞ŋko̞ː]