不思議

ja-adj

不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ) • (fushigi) -na (adnominal 不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ)な (fushigi na), adverbial 不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ)に (fushigi ni))

不思議 (canonical)
fushigi (romanization)
不思議な (adnominal)
不思議に (adverbial)
不思議だろ (imperfective stem)
ふしぎだろ (imperfective stem)
fushigi daro (imperfective)
不思議で (continuative stem)
ふしぎで (continuative stem)
fushigi de (continuative)
不思議だ (stem terminative)
ふしぎだ (stem terminative)
fushigi da (terminative)
不思議な (attributive stem)
ふしぎな (attributive stem)
fushigi na (attributive)
不思議なら (hypothetical stem)
ふしぎなら (hypothetical stem)
fushigi nara (hypothetical)
不思議であれ (imperative stem)
ふしぎであれ (imperative stem)
fushigi de are (imperative)
不思議ではない (informal negative)
不思議じゃない (informal negative)
ふしぎではない (informal negative)
ふしぎじゃない (informal negative)
fushigi de wa nai (informal negative)
fushigi ja nai (informal negative)
不思議だった (informal past)
ふしぎだった (informal past)
fushigi datta (informal past)
不思議ではなかった (informal negative past)
不思議じゃなかった (informal negative past)
ふしぎではなかった (informal negative past)
ふしぎじゃなかった (informal negative past)
fushigi de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
fushigi ja nakatta (informal negative past)
不思議です (formal)
ふしぎです (formal)
fushigi desu (formal)
不思議ではありません (formal negative)
不思議じゃありません (formal negative)
ふしぎではありません (formal negative)
ふしぎじゃありません (formal negative)
fushigi de wa arimasen (formal negative)
fushigi ja arimasen (formal negative)
不思議でした (formal past)
ふしぎでした (formal past)
fushigi deshita (formal past)
不思議ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
不思議じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
ふしぎではありませんでした (formal negative past)
ふしぎじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
fushigi de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
fushigi ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
不思議で (conjunctive)
ふしぎで (conjunctive)
fushigi de (conjunctive)
不思議なら（ば） (conditional)
ふしぎなら（ば） (conditional)
fushigi nara (ba) (conditional)
不思議だったら (conditional past)
ふしぎだったら (conditional past)
fushigi dattara (conditional past)
不思議だろう (volitional)
ふしぎだろう (volitional)
fushigi darō (volitional)
不思議に (adverbial)
ふしぎに (adverbial)
fushigi ni (adverbial)
不思議さ (noun-from-adj)
ふしぎさ (noun-from-adj)
fushigisa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

不思議

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした

Contracted from 不可思議 (fuka shigi, literally “unfathomable”), equivalent to 不(ふ) (fu-) + 思議(しぎ) (shigi).

…弘誓深如海。歴劫不思議。侍多千億仏。発大清浄願…

406, Lotus Sutra (chapter 25, translation by Kumārajīva)

His great vow is as deep as the sea, unfathomable even after eons. Serving many hundreds of billions of buddhas, he has made a great pure vow.

…guzei jin nyo kai, ryakkō fushigi, ji ta sennoku butsu, hotsu dai-shōjō gan…

(Buddhism) Short for 不可思議 (fuka shigi): beyond human recognition or understanding; ineffable


未来

From Middle Chinese 未來 (MC mj+jH loj). Originally a Buddhist calque of Sanskrit अनागत (anāgata, “not yet come; future”, past participle), from अन्- (an-, “not”) + आगत (āgata, “what has come”), from the verb root आगम् (āgam, “to come”).

calque

(Buddhism) the future, one of the three existences


水瓶座

ja-pos

水(みず)瓶(がめ)座(ざ) • (Mizugame-za) ^(←みづがめざ (Midugameza)?)

水瓶座 (canonical)
Mizugame-za (romanization)
Midugameza (romanization)
みづがめざ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 水瓶 (mizugame, “water jug”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


焼く

ja-verb

焼(や)く • (yaku) transitive godan (stem 焼(や)き (yaki), past 焼(や)いた (yaita))

焼く (canonical)
yaku (romanization)
焼き (stem)
焼いた (past)
焼か
やか
yaka
焼き
やき
yaki
焼く
やく
yaku
焼け
やけ
yake
焼かれる (passive)
やかれる (passive)
yakareru (passive)
焼かせる (causative)
焼かす (causative)
やかせる (causative)
やかす (causative)
yakaseru (causative)
yakasu (causative)
焼ける (potential)
やける (potential)
yakeru (potential)
焼こう (volitional)
やこう (volitional)
yakō (volitional)
焼かない (negative)
やかない (negative)
yakanai (negative)
焼かず (continuative negative)
やかず (continuative negative)
yakazu (continuative negative)
焼きます (formal)
やきます (formal)
yakimasu (formal)
焼いた (perfective)
やいた (perfective)
yaita (perfective)
焼いて (conjunctive)
やいて (conjunctive)
yaite (conjunctive)
焼けば (conditional hypothetical)
やけば (conditional hypothetical)
yakeba (conditional hypothetical)
焼か (irrealis stem)
やか (irrealis stem)
yaka (irrealis)
焼き (continuative stem)
やき (continuative stem)
yaki (continuative)
焼く (stem terminative)
やく (stem terminative)
yaku (terminative)
焼く (attributive stem)
やく (attributive stem)
yaku (attributive)
焼け (realis stem)
やけ (realis stem)
yake (realis)
焼け (imperative stem)
やけ (imperative stem)
yake (imperative)
焼かず (negative)
やかず (negative)
yakazu (negative)
焼けど (contrastive)
やけど (contrastive)
yakedo (contrastive)
焼けば (causative)
やけば (causative)
yakeba (causative)
焼かば (conditional)
やかば (conditional)
yakaba (conditional)
焼きき (past)
やきき (past)
yakiki (past)
焼きけり (past)
やきけり (past)
yakikeri (past)
焼きつ (perfect)
やきつ (perfect)
yakitu (perfect)
焼きぬ (perfect)
やきぬ (perfect)
yakinu (perfect)
焼けり (continuative perfect)
焼きたり (continuative perfect)
やけり (continuative perfect)
やきたり (continuative perfect)
yakeri (continuative perfect)
yakitari (continuative perfect)
焼かむ (volitional)
やかむ (volitional)
yakamu (volitional)

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE, and in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE. From Proto-Japonic *yaku.

焼き上がる

to be finished baking, broiling, firing, printing, etc.

焼き上げる

to finish baking, broiling, firing, printing, etc. something

to change something by means of fire, light, chemicals, or other means:

[from 1908] (photography) to print a photograph by shining a light through a negative


茶の間

a room between the kitchen and inner room of a Japanese house, used as a parlour and family dining room

Short for 茶の間女 (chanoma-onna, “palourmaid”).


事典

ja-noun

事(じ)典(てん) or 事(こと)典(てん) • (jiten or kototen)

事典 (canonical)
事典 (canonical)
jiten (romanization)
kototen (romanization)

(literally) subject-book, such as a terminology dictionary, flower book, animal book and encyclopedia, etc.

百科事典

百科事典 ひゃっかじてん


漫画

漫(まん)画(が) or 漫画(マンガ) • (manga) ^(←まんぐわ (mangwa)?)

漫画 (canonical)
漫画 (canonical)
mangwa (romanization)
まんぐわ (hiragana historical)

→ Cantonese: 漫畫 /漫画 (maan⁶ waa⁶⁻²)

→ Danish: manga

desctree

→ English: manga, mangwa (obsolete)
→ Hindi: मांगा (māṅgā), माँगा (māṅgā), मैंगा (maiṅgā)

→ French: manga

→ German: Manga

→ Hakka: 漫畫 /漫画 (man-fa, mang-ká)

desc

→ Hokkien: 漫畫 /漫画 (bān-ōa, bān-ūi, bān-ōe, bàng-gà)

→ Khmer: ម៉ានហ្គា (maangaa)

→ Indonesian: manga

desctree

→ Korean: 만화 (manhwa)
→ English: manhwa
→ French: manhwa
→ Russian: ма́нхва (mánxva)
→ Ukrainian: ма́нхва (mánxva)

→ Macedonian: манга (manga)

→ Mandarin: 漫畫 /漫画 (mànhuà)

→ English: manhua

→ French: manhua

→ Russian: маньхуа́ (manʹxuá)

desc

→ Ukrainian: маньхуа́ (manʹxuá), ма́ньхва (mánʹxva)

→ Mongolian: манга (manga)

→ Portuguese: mangá, manga (Portugal)

desctree

→ Russian: ма́нга (mánga)
→ Bashkir: манга (manga)
→ Tatar: манга (manga)

→ Thai: มังงะ (mang-ngá)

→ Ukrainian: ма́нґа (mánga)

→ Vietnamese: mạn họa

→ Wu: 漫畫 /漫画 (⁶me-gho)

National Diet Library
Santō Kyōden
ja:国立国会図書館
ja:山東京伝
ja:鶴屋喜右衛門

/manɡwa/ → /manɡa/
Coined in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived elements, as a compound of 漫 (man, “as one pleases”) + 画 (ga, “picture”). First appears in 1798 in the foreword to Santō Kyōden's picture book 四時交加 (Shīshi Kōga) already using the modern simplified kanji spelling of 漫画.

compound

(drawing, painting) a drawing or painting made as one pleases without restraint, such as those by Hokusai

(art) a caricature (pictorial representation of someone or something for comic effect)


ヒ

From former logo of Twitter looking like character ヒ.


坊主

Wasei kango (和製漢語), from 坊(ぼう) (bō, “section of a town and its streets”) + 主(ず) (zu, “lord, master”). The kanji 坊 originally referred to, in Sinitic, a division of a town and the lanes surrounding it, and gradually shifted to refer to the workshops and other buildings that might be found in such a section, including temples. Thus, the term literally refers to a "temple master", i.e. a head (Buddhist) monk, eventually coming to refer to Buddhist monks in general in Japanese.
The "bald head" sense comes from the traditional shaved heads of Buddhist monks (known as 坊主刈(ぼうずが)り (bōzugari)), while the "kiddo" sense comes from the custom for young boys to have shaved heads à la said monks in traditional Japanese society.
The "monk" and "kiddo" meanings have been applied back to the constituent kanji 坊 in Japanese; see also 坊(ぼう)や (bōya) for an example.

ja-r

三日坊主: someone who cannot stick to anything

腕白坊主

腕白坊主 わんぱくぼうず

Hate the monk and you will hate his very robes.

坊主憎けりゃ袈裟まで憎い An idiom expressing the feeling that the speaker hates everything about the subject that is spoken about. lit.


大人

From Middle Chinese 大人 (dɑiᴴ ȵiɪn, literally “big, great + person”). Compare modern Hakka reading thai-ngìn.
The goon reading, so likely an earlier borrowing.


アクセント

Japanese pitch accent
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:アクセント

(fashion, design) an accessory, an accent piece


アパート

→ Hokkien: a-phá-tò

→ Korean: 아파트 (apateu)

Short for アパートメントハウス., borrowed from English apartment.

short for

Short for アパートメントハウス.


生け花

Compound of 生け (ike, “making something come alive”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 生ける (ikeru, “to make something live”)) + 花 (hana, “flower”). The hana changes to bana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


妊娠

The "Nintendo fanboy" sense is from a shortening of 任天堂(にんてんどう)信者(しんじゃ) (nintendō shinja, “Nintendo believer”), written with the kanji for "pregnancy" to carry an infantile nuance.

ja-r

にんてんどう% しんじゃ

(slang, derogatory, video games) a Nintendo fanboy, Nintendrone


印象

印象 (canonical)
inzō (romanization)
inzau (romanization)
いんざう (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) the act of a clear image or form appearing, as if impressed like a stamp; also refers to such a shape

(Buddhism) the act of printing an image of a Buddha (statue), or the printed image of a Buddha (statue) itself


走る

ja-verb

走(はし)る • (hashiru) intransitive godan (stem 走(はし)り (hashiri), past 走(はし)った (hashitta))

走る (canonical)
hashiru (romanization)
走り (stem)
走った (past)
走ら
はしら
hashira
走り
はしり
hashiri
走る
はしる
hashiru
走れ
はしれ
hashire
走られる (passive)
はしられる (passive)
hashirareru (passive)
走らせる (causative)
走らす (causative)
はしらせる (causative)
はしらす (causative)
hashiraseru (causative)
hashirasu (causative)
走れる (potential)
はしれる (potential)
hashireru (potential)
走ろう (volitional)
はしろう (volitional)
hashirō (volitional)
走らない (negative)
はしらない (negative)
hashiranai (negative)
走らず (continuative negative)
はしらず (continuative negative)
hashirazu (continuative negative)
走ります (formal)
はしります (formal)
hashirimasu (formal)
走った (perfective)
はしった (perfective)
hashitta (perfective)
走って (conjunctive)
はしって (conjunctive)
hashitte (conjunctive)
走れば (conditional hypothetical)
はしれば (conditional hypothetical)
hashireba (conditional hypothetical)
走ら (irrealis stem)
はしら (irrealis stem)
fasira (irrealis)
走り (continuative stem)
はしり (continuative stem)
fasiri (continuative)
走る (stem terminative)
はしる (stem terminative)
fasiru (terminative)
走る (attributive stem)
はしる (attributive stem)
fasiru (attributive)
走れ (realis stem)
はしれ (realis stem)
fasire (realis)
走れ (imperative stem)
はしれ (imperative stem)
fasire (imperative)
走らず (negative)
はしらず (negative)
fasirazu (negative)
走れど (contrastive)
はしれど (contrastive)
fasiredo (contrastive)
走れば (causative)
はしれば (causative)
fasireba (causative)
走らば (conditional)
はしらば (conditional)
fasiraba (conditional)
走りき (past)
はしりき (past)
fasiriki (past)
走りけり (past)
はしりけり (past)
fasirikeri (past)
走りつ (perfect)
はしりつ (perfect)
fasiritu (perfect)
走りぬ (perfect)
はしりぬ (perfect)
fasirinu (perfect)
走れり (continuative perfect)
走りたり (continuative perfect)
はしれり (continuative perfect)
はしりたり (continuative perfect)
fasireri (continuative perfect)
fasiritari (continuative perfect)
走らむ (volitional)
はしらむ (volitional)
fasiramu (volitional)


左側

左側 (canonical)
hidarigawa (romanization)

[çida̠ɾʲiɡa̠β̞a̠]

(fandom slang) top (referring to the order of names in pairings)


悪口

悪口 (canonical)
akku (romanization)
akuku (romanization)
あくく (hiragana historical)

From Buddhism, one of the 十(じゅう)悪(あく) (jūaku, “ten evils”).

(Buddhism) the evil from the mouth, the use of malicious gossip


温室

ja-noun

温(おん)室(しつ) • (onshitsu) ^(←をんしつ (wonsitu)?)

温室 (canonical)
onshitsu (romanization)
wonsitu (romanization)
をんしつ (hiragana historical)
温室 (canonical)
onshitsu (romanization)
wonsitu (romanization)
うんじつ (alternative hiragana)
unjitsu (Rōmaji)
をんしつ (hiragana historical)

[õ̞ɰ̃ɕi̥t͡sɨ]

[ɯ̟̃ɲ̟d͡ʑit͡sɨ]

a greenhouse (building in which plants are grown more quickly than outside)


言語

言語 (canonical)
gongo (romanization)
ごんご (hiragana historical)


天女

From Middle Chinese 天女 (MC then nrjoX|nrjoH, literally “heavenly female; deva female”).

ltc-l

(Chinese god, Japanese mythology) a female inhabitant of heaven; a heavenly female


芝居

芝居 (canonical)
shibai (romanization)
sibawi (romanization)
しばゐ (hiragana historical)

Hawaiian: shibai


地球

地球 (canonical)
Chikyū (romanization)
Tikiu (romanization)
ちきう (hiragana historical)

From Chinese 地球 (Dìqiú), coined by Matteo Ricci.

地球は24時間で１回自転します。

Chikyū wa nijūyo-jikan de ikkai jiten shimasu.

地球は太陽系の第３惑星です。

Chikyū wa taiyōkei no dai-san wakusei desu.

The Earth is the third planet of the Solar System.

それでも地球は動く。

1988 July 30 [1984 July 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “世(せ)界(かい)名(めい)作(さく)童(どう)話(わ)第(だい)３(さん)巻(かん) うらしま太(た)郎(ろう) [World’s Renowned Fairy Tales Book 3: Urashima Tarō]”, in ポストの中の明日 [Post-Mid-Tomorrow] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 2), 10th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 117:

Meanwhile, Earth became the planet of the apes.

地球は、サルのわく星になっていましたとさ。

Chikyū wa, saru no wakusei ni natteimashita to sa.

1999 October 17, “異(い)次(じ)元(げん)からの侵(しん)略(りゃく)者(しゃ) [Invader from a Different Dimension]”, in Booster 5, Konami:

An alien that came to Earth from outside the Milky Way.

銀河系の外から地球にやってきた宇宙人。

Gingakei no soto kara Chikyū ni yattekita uchūjin.

地球昭

earthshine, illuminating the dark part of the Moon

地球環境モニタリングシステム: Global Environment Monitoring System

地球型惑星

terrestrial planet, an Earth-like planet

地球周回衛星

satellite orbiting the Earth, an Earth orbiter

planets of the Solar System: 太陽系の惑星: 水星 · 金星 · 地球 · 火星 · 木星 · 土星 · 天王星 · 海王星 [edit]

ガイア

Gaia or Gaea, the Greek goddess of the Earth


那由他

(Buddhism, historical) extremely large number, usually interpreted as the number 10²⁸


恒河沙

[ɡo̞ːɡa̠ɕa̠]

From Middle Chinese 恆河沙 (MC hong ha srae), calque of Sanskrit गंगानदी वालुका (gaṃgānadī vālukā, “sand of the Ganges River”).
The current usage as the number 10⁵² was first fixed by the Jinkōki (塵劫記), 1634.

cog

गंगानदी वालुका

(etymology, Buddhism) a metaphor of the extremely large number


救世主

ja-pos

救(きゅう)世(せい)主(しゅ) or 救世主(メシア) • (Kyūseishu or Meshia)

救世主 (canonical)
救世主 (canonical)
Kyūseishu (romanization)
Meshia (romanization)

[kʲɨːse̞ːɕɨ]


七つの大罪

七つの大罪 (canonical)
nanatsu no taizai (romanization)


法王

法王 (canonical)
hōō (romanization)
fofwau (romanization)
ほふわう (hiragana historical)

ローマ法王


法王

法王 (canonical)
-hōō (romanization)
-fofwau (romanization)
ほふわう (hiragana historical)

ダライ・ラマ法王

(religion) a religious Leader (Lit. "King of the Law (Dharma)")


いけ

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE. From Proto-Japonic *ikay.

池: (calligraphy) part of an inkstone where water is stored


一番

ja-noun

一(ひと)番(つがい) • (hitotsugai) ^(←ひとつがひ (fitotugafi)?)

一番 (canonical)
hitotsugai (romanization)
fitotugafi (romanization)
ひとつがひ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 一 (hito, “one”) + 番 (tsugai, “pair, couple, brace”, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 番う.).

compound

(gagaku, bugaku, dance) a style of performance consisting of pairs of left and right dances


作者

→ Chinese: 作者 (zuòzhě)

→ Korean: 작자 (jakja)

→ Vietnamese: tác giả

[sa̠kɯ̟̊ɕa̠]

1993 November 25 [1989 May 20], Mitsuru Adachi, “第(だい)27(にじゅうしち)話(わ) 直(なお)人(と)の想(おも)い [Chapter 27: What Naoto Wants]”, in スロー(SLOW)ステップ(STEP) [Slow Step], 11th edition, volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 74:

……作者思いだね

……作者思いだね

……作者思いだね

……作者思いだね

……作者思いだね

……作者思いだね

the creator of a work, such as an author, writer, poet, or artist


裁判所

ja-noun

裁(さい)判(ばん)所(しょ) • (saibansho) ^(←さいばんしよ (saibansyo)?)

裁判所 (canonical)
saibansho (romanization)
saibansyo (romanization)
さいばんしよ (hiragana historical)

[sa̠ibã̠ɰ̃ɕo̞]

Compound of 裁(さい)判(ばん) (saiban, “court”) + 所(しょ) (sho, “place”).

原裁判所

原裁判所 げんさいばんしょ


撮影

間接撮影

間接撮影 かんせつさつえい

特殊撮影

特殊撮影 とくしゅさつえい


撮影

撮影する (canonical)
satsuei suru (romanization)
撮影し (stem)
撮影した (past)
撮影し
さつえいし
satsuei shi
撮影する
さつえいする
satsuei suru
撮影すれ
さつえいすれ
satsuei sure
撮影せよ (imperative literary)
撮影しろ (colloquial imperative)
さつえいせよ (imperative literary)
さつえいしろ (colloquial imperative)
satsuei seyo (imperative literary)
satsuei shiro (colloquial imperative)
撮影される (passive)
さつえいされる (passive)
satsuei sareru (passive)
撮影させる (causative)
撮影さす (causative)
さつえいさせる (causative)
さつえいさす (causative)
satsuei saseru (causative)
satsuei sasu (causative)
撮影できる (potential)
さつえいできる (potential)
satsuei dekiru (potential)
撮影しよう (volitional)
さつえいしよう (volitional)
satsuei shiyō (volitional)
撮影しない (negative)
さつえいしない (negative)
satsuei shinai (negative)
撮影せず (continuative negative)
さつえいせず (continuative negative)
satsuei sezu (continuative negative)
撮影します (formal)
さつえいします (formal)
satsuei shimasu (formal)
撮影した (perfective)
さつえいした (perfective)
satsuei shita (perfective)
撮影して (conjunctive)
さつえいして (conjunctive)
satsuei shite (conjunctive)
撮影すれば (conditional hypothetical)
さつえいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
satsuei sureba (conditional hypothetical)


大学

1996 February 20 [1988 February 15], Mitsuru Adachi, “近況 [How It’s Going Now]”, in SHORT(ショート) PROGRAM(プログラム) [SHORT PROGRAM], 25th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 15:

Goes to a top-class university, lives in a condo in Aoyama, Tokyo. Plays on a rugby team, and on top of that, has a Merc.

一流大学、東京・青山マンション暮らし。ラグビー部、おまけにベンツ。

Ichiryū daigaku, Tōkyō Aoyama manshon gurashi. Ragubī-bu, omake ni Bentsu.


工場

ja-noun

工(こう)場(じょう) or 工(こう)場(ば) • (kōjō or kōba) ^(←こうぢやう (koudyau)?)

工場 (canonical)
工場 (canonical)
kōjō (romanization)
kōba (romanization)
koudyau (romanization)
こうぢやう (hiragana historical)

1996 September 15, Mitsuru Adachi, “帰リ道その２ [The Way Home 2]”, in SHORT(ショート) PROGRAM(プログラム) [Short Program], volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 271:

There will be a factory over here. And a department store on that vacant lot over there, with an amusement park on the rooftop. My dad told me so.

ここにはでっけえ工場ができんだよ。あっちの空き地はデパート、屋上は遊園地になるんだって父ちゃんいってたぜ。

Koko ni wa dekkē kōjō ga dekin da yo. Atchi no akichi wa depāto, okujō wa yūenchi ni naru n da tte tō-chan itteta ze.


こし

From Old Japanese. Cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
Theorized to be an extension of the hip sense from the way that upper storeys in older Japanese architecture were usually smaller, resulting in a hipped effect similar to the way that the waist may be narrower than the hips on a person's body.

(rare, possibly obsolete, architecture) a storey


布団

→ Arabic: فُوتُون (futūn)

→ Mandarin: 布團 /布团 (bùtuán)

→ English: futon

→ Finnish: futon

→ French: futon

→ German: Futon

→ Korean: 후톤 (huton)

→ Marathi: फुतोन (phuton)

→ Russian: футо́н (futón)

→ Spanish: futón

→ Welsh: ffŵton

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
futon
ja:布団

Borrowed from written Chinese, possibly early Mandarin 蒲團／蒲团 (pútuán), likely as part of the importation of Zen Buddhism, for which practice these were originally used. First cited in Japanese to a text from the early-mid 1200s with the "meditation cushion" sense.
Originally referred literally to a 蒲 (pú, “bulrush, cattail”) 團／团 (tuán, “ball”), from the way these were round cushions made from woven bulrush leaves.
After the term was borrowed, the usage and construction of these cushions changed and the connection with bulrushes was weakened, leading to the simpler character 布 (fu, “cloth”) being used as a replacement for 蒲 (fu, “bulrush, cattail”).

zh-l

蒲團／蒲团 (pútuán)

敷き布団

mattress, bedroll; spreading / lying-down futon

(Buddhism, specifically Zen) a round cushion made of woven bulrush leaves, used for zazen seated Zen meditation


浴室

浴室 (canonical)
yokushitsu (romanization)

bathroom (a room where baths or showers are taken)


書法

書法 (canonical)
shohō (romanization)
syofau (romanization)
しょはう (hiragana historical)


饕餮

(figuratively) a brutal or covetous person


草書

草書 (canonical)
sōsho (romanization)
sausyo (romanization)
さうしよ (hiragana historical)


孟子

孟子 (canonical)
Mōshi (romanization)
Mausi (romanization)
まうし (hiragana historical)

Four Books
w:Four Books and Five Classics


神学

theology (study of God, or a god, or gods)


神官

ja-noun

神(しん)官(かん) • (shinkan) ^(←しんくわん (sinkwan)?)

神官 (canonical)
shinkan (romanization)
sinkwan (romanization)
しんくわん (hiragana historical)


神父

(Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy) a father, a priest


神道

神(しん)道(とう) or 神(しん)道(どう) • (shintō or shindō) ^(←しんたう (sintau)?)

神道 (canonical)
神道 (canonical)
shintō (romanization)
shindō (romanization)
sintau (romanization)
しんたう (hiragana historical)

Daijisen
Nippo Jisho
Shinto
Shoku Nihongi
ja:松村明
ja:神道
神道

/sintau/ → /sintɔː/ → /sintoː/
Probably coined in Japan of components borrowed originally from Middle Chinese. Literally “the way of the gods”.
Attested at least since a portion of the Shoku Nihongi dated to 782.
May also be encountered with the reading shindō with rendaku. However, this reading is missing from some modern references, or is indicated as an alternative reading. The 1603 Nippo Jisho also only lists xintǒ without rendaku.

Shintō, a religion indigenous to Japan that worships spirits


神権

神(しん)権(けん) • (shinken) ^(←しんけん (sinken)?)

神権 (canonical)
shinken (romanization)
sinken (romanization)
しんけん (hiragana historical)


神主

神(かん)主(ぬし) • (kannushi) ^(←かむぬし (kamunusi)?)

神主 (canonical)
kannushi (romanization)
kamunusi (romanization)
しんしゅ (alternative hiragana)
shinshu (Rōmaji)
かむぬし (hiragana historical)


神通力

神(じん)通(つう)力(りき) or 神(じん)通(ずう)力(りき) • (jintsūriki or jinzūriki)

神通力 (canonical)
神通力 (canonical)
jintsūriki (romanization)
jinzūriki (romanization)

[d͡ʑĩnt͡sɨːɾʲikʲi]

[d͡ʑĩnd͡zɨːɾʲikʲi]

Compound of 神通 (jintsū, “superpower, divine or occult power or talent”, where jintsū is the older reading for modern jinzū) + 力 (riki, “power”).

compound

(by extension, occult) a superpower, a supernatural, divine, or occult power


神器

(Shinto) an item used in Shinto ceremonies to worship a god


畜生

ja-noun

畜(ちく)生(しょう) • (chikushō) ^(←ちくしやう (tikusyau)?)

畜生 (canonical)
chikushō (romanization)
tikusyau (romanization)
ちくしやう (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕi̥kɯ̟ɕo̞ː]

/tikusjau/ → /t͡ɕikusjoː/
From Middle Chinese 畜生 (MC trhjuwH sraeng, literally “livestock + livestock; sacrificial animal”), itself influenced by Sanskrit तिर्यञ्च् (tiryañc, “a beast; the organic world”) or Sanskrit तिर्यग्योनि (tiryagyoni, “animal creation”).

der

(Buddhism) a beast: a generic term for animals, birds, fish and insects, as the reincarnated form of one who had bad karma in a previous life


バス

(music) bass (the lower spectrum of sound of a singing voice or musical instrument)

コントラバス コントラバス#Japanese

(music) Clipping of コントラバス: a contrabass, a double bass, a bass


戦車

戦車 (canonical)
sensha (romanization)
台 (counter)


三味線

ja-noun

三(しゃ)味(み)線(せん) • (shamisen) ^(←しやみせん (syamisen)?)

三味線 (canonical)
shamisen (romanization)
syamisen (romanization)
しやみせん (hiragana historical)

→ English: shamisen

→ Finnish: shamisen

→ Spanish: shamisen

[ɕa̠mʲisẽ̞ɴ]

The instrument derives from the Okinawan 三線 (sanshin). Originally called 蛇皮線 (jabisen, literally “snakeskin strings”) in Japanese, so named for the way the Okinawan instrument's soundbox is traditionally covered in snakeskin. The traditional jabisen instrument was imported into the Sakai area of Osaka during the Eiroku era (1558–1570), then later modified by biwa luthiers to have the square-shaped shamisen soundbox of today.
The reading jabisen shifted over time to 蛇味線 (jamisen), replacing the 皮 (bi, “skin, leather”) character with 味 (mi) for phonetic reasons, i.e. as ateji (当て字). Then jamisen changed to shamisen, replacing the 蛇 (ja, “snake”) character with 三 (sha , usually read san, “three”) for semantic reasons. The sha reading for the 三 character is irregular.
The shamisen reading is first cited to a text from 1580.

a Japanese stringed instrument played by plucking, vaguely similar to a banjo

Capsella bursa-pastoris
Capsella bursa-pastoris#Translingual

short for 三味線草 (shamisen-gusa): the shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris


三味線

→ English: samisen

Sound shift from shamisen above, possibly influenced by the standard san reading of the initial 三 character.
This reading appears to be less common than shamisen.
First cited to a text from 1632.

(uncommon) a Japanese stringed instrument played by plucking, vaguely similar to a banjo


ラーメン

ラーメン • (rāmen)

(architecture, construction) rigid frame


大和言葉

大和言葉 (canonical)
Yamato-kotoba (romanization)

Originally a compound of 大和(やまと) (Yamato, “Japan”) + 言(こと)葉(ば) (kotoba, “word, language”).

ja-compound

Japanese songs or poetry (such as tanka)


RT

リツイート リツイート#Japanese

Abbreviation of リツイート (ritsuīto, “retweet”).


主人公

[shújíńꜜkòò]

From Middle Chinese 主人公 (MC tsyuX nyin kuwng).

この物語の主人公は蛙である。

Kono monogatari no shujinkō wa kaeru de aru.

The main character in this story is a frog.


ホテル

Borrowed from English hotel, from French hôtel.

最近ホテルが建てられた。

a hotel (establishment providing accommodation)

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:ホテル
ja:松村明


削る

ja-verb

削(けず)る • (kezuru) ^(←けづる (keduru)?)transitive godan (stem 削(けず)り (kezuri), past 削(けず)った (kezutta))

削る (canonical)
kezuru (romanization)
keduru (romanization)
削り (stem)
削った (past)
削ら
けずら
kezura
削り
けずり
kezuri
削る
けずる
kezuru
削れ
けずれ
kezure
削られる (passive)
けずられる (passive)
kezurareru (passive)
削らせる (causative)
削らす (causative)
けずらせる (causative)
けずらす (causative)
kezuraseru (causative)
kezurasu (causative)
削れる (potential)
けずれる (potential)
kezureru (potential)
削ろう (volitional)
けずろう (volitional)
kezurō (volitional)
削らない (negative)
けずらない (negative)
kezuranai (negative)
削らず (continuative negative)
けずらず (continuative negative)
kezurazu (continuative negative)
削ります (formal)
けずります (formal)
kezurimasu (formal)
削った (perfective)
けずった (perfective)
kezutta (perfective)
削って (conjunctive)
けずって (conjunctive)
kezutte (conjunctive)
削れば (conditional hypothetical)
けずれば (conditional hypothetical)
kezureba (conditional hypothetical)
削ら (irrealis stem)
けずら (irrealis stem)
kezura (irrealis)
削り (continuative stem)
けずり (continuative stem)
kezuri (continuative)
削る (stem terminative)
けずる (stem terminative)
kezuru (terminative)
削る (attributive stem)
けずる (attributive stem)
kezuru (attributive)
削れ (realis stem)
けずれ (realis stem)
kezure (realis)
削れ (imperative stem)
けずれ (imperative stem)
kezure (imperative)
削らず (negative)
けずらず (negative)
kezurazu (negative)
削れど (contrastive)
けずれど (contrastive)
kezuredo (contrastive)
削れば (causative)
けずれば (causative)
kezureba (causative)
削らば (conditional)
けずらば (conditional)
kezuraba (conditional)
削りき (past)
けずりき (past)
kezuriki (past)
削りけり (past)
けずりけり (past)
kezurikeri (past)
削りつ (perfect)
けずりつ (perfect)
kezuritu (perfect)
削りぬ (perfect)
けずりぬ (perfect)
kezurinu (perfect)
削れり (continuative perfect)
削りたり (continuative perfect)
けずれり (continuative perfect)
けずりたり (continuative perfect)
kezureri (continuative perfect)
kezuritari (continuative perfect)
削らむ (volitional)
けずらむ (volitional)
kezuramu (volitional)


劇場

[ɡe̞kʲiʑo̞ː]

Compound of 劇 (geki, “drama”) + 場 (jō, “place”).

theater (building where performances are given), playhouse


もれる

もれる • (moreru) ^(←もれる (moreru)?)intransitive ichidan (stem もれ (more), past もれた (moreta))

moreru (romanization)
もれ (stem)
もれた (past)
もれ
more
もれる
moreru
もれれ
morere
もれよ (imperative literary)
もれろ (colloquial imperative)
moreyo (imperative literary)
morero (colloquial imperative)
もれられる (passive)
morerareru (passive)
もれさせる (causative)
もれさす (causative)
moresaseru (causative)
moresasu (causative)
もれられる (potential)
もれれる (colloquial potential)
morerareru (potential)
morereru (colloquial potential)
もれよう (volitional)
moreyō (volitional)
もれない (negative)
もれぬ (negative)
もれん (negative)
morenai (negative)
morenu (negative)
moren (negative)
もれず (continuative negative)
morezu (continuative negative)
もれます (formal)
moremasu (formal)
もれた (perfective)
moreta (perfective)
もれて (conjunctive)
morete (conjunctive)
もれれば (conditional hypothetical)
morereba (conditional hypothetical)

招待から漏れた。

I was omitted from the invitation. → I was not invited.


宇宙人

ja-noun

宇(う)宙(ちゅう)人(じん) • (uchūjin) ^(←うちうじん (utiuzin)?)

宇宙人 (canonical)
uchūjin (romanization)
utiuzin (romanization)
うちうじん (hiragana historical)

[ɯ̟t͡ɕɨːʑĩɴ]

宇宙 (uchū, “outer space”) + 人 (-jin, “person”)

suf

宇宙飛行士 宇宙飛行士#Japanese

Synonym of 宇宙飛行士 (uchū hikōshi, “astronaut”) (member of the crew of a spaceship or other spacecraft, or someone trained for that purpose)


冥土

(Buddhism) Hades; underworld; the world of the dead


獅子

獅子 (canonical)
獅子 (canonical)
shishi (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 獅子 (MC srij tsiX, literally “lion + (diminutive suffix)”)

ltc-l

除夜の獅子 除夜の獅子#Japanese

short for 除夜の獅子 (joya no shishi, “New Year's lion”), a person dressed in costume as for a lion dance who goes door to door begging on New Year's Eve


お化け

From お (o-, general honorific prefix) + 化け (bake, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 化(ば)ける (bakeru, “to change oneself into”)).

pre

お化けが出る。

提灯お化け

chochinobake, a ghost that resembles a lantern; paper lantern ghost


反重力

反重力 (canonical)
hanjūryoku (romanization)

From 反(はん, han) (anti-) + 重力 (じゅうりょく, jūryoku) (gravity)


掘削機

掘削機 (canonical)
kussakuki (romanization)


老師

老師 (canonical)
rōshi (romanization)
rausi (romanization)
らうし (hiragana historical)

/rauɕi/ → /rɔːɕi/ → /roːɕi/
From Middle Chinese compound 老師 (MC lawX srij). Compare modern Mandarin 老師 /老师 (lǎoshī).

(Buddhism) an elderly monk, especially one who is learned and virtuous


辞典

ja-noun

辞(じ)典(てん) or 辞(ことば)典(てん) • (jiten or kotobaten)

辞典 (canonical)
辞典 (canonical)
jiten (romanization)
kotobaten (romanization)

Amis: citing

Kavalan: ziting

Sakizaya: zitin

Tsou: ziten


奇跡

From Middle Chinese compound 奇跡 /奇迹 (gje + tsjek, literally “strange + footprint, traces”).

奇跡を起こす


ゴキブリ

ゴキブリ (canonical)
ごきぶり (canonical)
gokiburi (romanization)
匹 (counter)

[ɡo̞kʲibɯ̟ɾʲi]

From 御器噛り (gokikaburi), a compound of 御器 (goki, “dish”) + 齧り (kaburi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 齧る (kaburu), “to bite, nibble”). This original form persisted up until the Meiji period.
Due to typographical errors, the か (ka) was omitted, while its original form still exists today in certain dialects. Variations of the word across dialects exist as well.
The "Sony fanboy" sense originates from "GK", an initialism of "Gate Keeper", a proxy server used by Sony and its various companies. Overzealous Sony fans were thus referred to as "GK-buri", or "GK-esque", which was ultimately corrupted into "gokiburi".

com

(slang, derogatory, video games) a Sony fanboy, Sony pony


タイムアタック

→ English: time attack (calque)

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from time + attack, equivalent to タイム (taimu) + アタック (atakku).

pseudo-loan

(cycling, motor racing, video games) a time trial; a race against the clock

(video games, by extension) a speedrun, including tool-assisted speedruns


タイムアタック

タイムアタックする (canonical)
taimu atakku suru (romanization)
タイムアタックし (stem)
タイムアタックした (past)


大根

On'yomi form of the native Japanese word 大根(おおね) (ōne).

ja-r

大根(おおね) (ōne)

(acting) a ham, an actor known for an exaggerated, over-wrought style


銀行

ja-noun

銀(ぎん)行(こう) • (ginkō) ^(←ぎんかう (ginkau)?) (counter 行)

銀行 (canonical)
ginkō (romanization)
ginkau (romanization)
行 (counter)
ぎんかう (hiragana historical)

→ Sakizaya: gingku

銀 (gin, “medium of exchange; money”) + 行 (kō, “business establishment; firm”)

compound

一六銀行

一六銀行 いちろくぎんこう

角膜銀行

角膜銀行 かくまくぎんこう

仮想銀行

仮想銀行 かそうぎんこう

為替銀行

為替銀行 かわせぎんこう

眼球銀行

眼球銀行 がんきゅうぎんこう

巨大銀行

巨大銀行 きょだいぎんこう

血液銀行

血液銀行 けつえきぎんこう

興業銀行

興業銀行 こうぎょうぎんこう

国立銀行

国立銀行 こくりつぎんこう

市中銀行

市中銀行 しちゅうぎんこう

正金銀行

正金銀行 しょうきんぎんこう

商業銀行

商業銀行 しょうぎょうぎんこう

信託銀行

信託銀行 しんたくぎんこう

準備銀行

準備銀行 じゅんびぎんこう

人材銀行

人材銀行 じんざいぎんこう

住友銀行

住友銀行 すいともぎんこう

世界銀行

世界銀行 せかいぎんこう

善意銀行

善意銀行 ぜんいぎんこう

相互銀行

相互銀行 そうごぎんこう

兌換銀行

兌換銀行 だかんぎんこう

地方銀行

地方銀行 ちほうぎんこう

中央銀行

中央銀行 ちゅうおうぎんこう

中国銀行

中国銀行 ちゅうごくぎんこう

日本銀行

日本銀行 にっぽんぎんこう


題目

From Middle Chinese 題目 (MC dej|dejH mjuwk).

南無妙法蓮華経 南無妙法蓮華経#Japanese

妙法蓮華経 妙法蓮華経#Japanese

(Buddhism) in Nichiren Buddhism, the chanting of the 南無妙法蓮華経 (Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō, “Glory to the Lotus Sutra”) and the 妙法蓮華経 (Myōhō Renge Kyō, “Lotus Sutra”)


彫刻

ja-noun

彫(ちょう)刻(こく) • (chōkoku) ^(←てうこく (teukoku)?)

彫刻 (canonical)
chōkoku (romanization)
teukoku (romanization)
てうこく (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕo̞ːko̞kɯ̟]


彫刻

彫刻する (canonical)
chōkoku suru (romanization)
teukoku (romanization)
彫刻し (stem)
彫刻した (past)
彫刻し
ちょうこくし
chōkoku shi
彫刻する
ちょうこくする
chōkoku suru
彫刻すれ
ちょうこくすれ
chōkoku sure
彫刻せよ (imperative literary)
彫刻しろ (colloquial imperative)
ちょうこくせよ (imperative literary)
ちょうこくしろ (colloquial imperative)
chōkoku seyo (imperative literary)
chōkoku shiro (colloquial imperative)
彫刻される (passive)
ちょうこくされる (passive)
chōkoku sareru (passive)
彫刻させる (causative)
彫刻さす (causative)
ちょうこくさせる (causative)
ちょうこくさす (causative)
chōkoku saseru (causative)
chōkoku sasu (causative)
彫刻できる (potential)
ちょうこくできる (potential)
chōkoku dekiru (potential)
彫刻しよう (volitional)
ちょうこくしよう (volitional)
chōkoku shiyō (volitional)
彫刻しない (negative)
ちょうこくしない (negative)
chōkoku shinai (negative)
彫刻せず (continuative negative)
ちょうこくせず (continuative negative)
chōkoku sezu (continuative negative)
彫刻します (formal)
ちょうこくします (formal)
chōkoku shimasu (formal)
彫刻した (perfective)
ちょうこくした (perfective)
chōkoku shita (perfective)
彫刻して (conjunctive)
ちょうこくして (conjunctive)
chōkoku shite (conjunctive)
彫刻すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ちょうこくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
chōkoku sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[t͡ɕo̞ːko̞kɯ̟]


獅子舞

獅(し)子(し)舞(まい) • (shishimai) ^(←ししまひ (sisimafi)?)

獅子舞 (canonical)
shishimai (romanization)
sisimafi (romanization)
ししまひ (hiragana historical)

lion dance (traditional Chinese dance where performers mimic a lion's movements in a lion costume)


空想

空想 (canonical)
kūsō (romanization)
kuusau (romanization)
くうさう (hiragana historical)

Meiji era
Mohe Zhiguan
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Rangaku

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 空想 (kʰuŋ sɨɐŋ^X, literally “fictional, fabricated + think, thought”).
The sense of fantasy is first cited in Japanese to 1886, and probably reflects a Rangaku and Meiji era style of repurposing older terminology to translate unfamiliar Western concepts.
The Buddhist sense is older, and was borrowed into Japanese along with various Chinese Buddhist texts. This term is included in the 摩訶止観 (Maka Shikan), better known in English by its Chinese pronunciation, the Mohe Zhiguan, completed some time in the early 600s.

der

(Buddhism) thought that exhibits attachment to sunyata


空想

空想する (canonical)
kūsō suru (romanization)
kuusau (romanization)
空想し (stem)
空想した (past)
空想し
くうそうし
kūsō shi
空想する
くうそうする
kūsō suru
空想すれ
くうそうすれ
kūsō sure
空想せよ (imperative literary)
空想しろ (colloquial imperative)
くうそうせよ (imperative literary)
くうそうしろ (colloquial imperative)
kūsō seyo (imperative literary)
kūsō shiro (colloquial imperative)
空想される (passive)
くうそうされる (passive)
kūsō sareru (passive)
空想させる (causative)
空想さす (causative)
くうそうさせる (causative)
くうそうさす (causative)
kūsō saseru (causative)
kūsō sasu (causative)
空想できる (potential)
くうそうできる (potential)
kūsō dekiru (potential)
空想しよう (volitional)
くうそうしよう (volitional)
kūsō shiyō (volitional)
空想しない (negative)
くうそうしない (negative)
kūsō shinai (negative)
空想せず (continuative negative)
くうそうせず (continuative negative)
kūsō sezu (continuative negative)
空想します (formal)
くうそうします (formal)
kūsō shimasu (formal)
空想した (perfective)
くうそうした (perfective)
kūsō shita (perfective)
空想して (conjunctive)
くうそうして (conjunctive)
kūsō shite (conjunctive)
空想すれば (conditional hypothetical)
くうそうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kūsō sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(Buddhism) to think in a way that exhibits attachment to sunyata


江湖

江湖 (canonical)
kōko (romanization)
kauko (romanization)
かうこ (hiragana historical)


江湖

江湖 (canonical)
gōko (romanization)
gauko (romanization)
がうこ (hiragana historical)


教会

ja-noun

教(きょう)会(かい) • (kyōkai) ^(←けうくわい (keukwai)?)

教会 (canonical)
kyōkai (romanization)
keukwai (romanization)
けうくわい (hiragana historical)

→ Yami: kiokay

→ Sakizaya: kiwkay

全能神教会


賛美歌

賛美 (sanbi, “praise”) + 歌 (ka, “song”)
賛 is a daiyōji replacing 讃.


鸞鏡

(music) the 9th note in the Japanese chromatic scale, close to Western A sharp.


ピアノ

From Italian piano, possibly via English piano. Some sources derive this as a clipping of ピアノフォルテ (pianoforute, “pianoforte”), itself borrowed from Italian pianoforte.


霞む

霞む (canonical)
kasumu (romanization)
霞め (irrealis stem)
かすめ (irrealis stem)
kasume (irrealis)
霞め (continuative stem)
かすめ (continuative stem)
kasume (continuative)
霞む (stem terminative)
かすむ (stem terminative)
kasumu (terminative)
霞むる (attributive stem)
かすむる (attributive stem)
kasumuru (attributive)
霞むれ (realis stem)
かすむれ (realis stem)
kasumure (realis)
霞めよ (imperative stem)
かすめよ (imperative stem)
kasumeyo (imperative)
霞めず (negative)
かすめず (negative)
kasumezu (negative)
霞むれど (contrastive)
かすむれど (contrastive)
kasumuredo (contrastive)
霞むれば (causative)
かすむれば (causative)
kasumureba (causative)
霞めば (conditional)
かすめば (conditional)
kasumeba (conditional)
霞めき (past)
かすめき (past)
kasumeki (past)
霞めけり (past)
かすめけり (past)
kasumekeri (past)
霞めつ (perfect)
かすめつ (perfect)
kasumetu (perfect)
霞めぬ (perfect)
かすめぬ (perfect)
kasumenu (perfect)
霞めたり (continuative perfect)
かすめたり (continuative perfect)
kasumetari (continuative perfect)
霞めむ (volitional)
かすめむ (volitional)
kasumemu (volitional)

From Old Japanese.
From stem kasu-, cognate with classical adjective 幽し (kasukeshi, “faint”), adjective 微か (kasuka, “faint, dim”), and adverb かすかす (kasukasu, “barely”).

(theater, archaic) in kabuki, for the 下座 (geza) musicians to play weakly and quietly


本屋

[hõ̞ɰ̃o̞kɯ̟]


尺八

尺八 (canonical)
shakuhachi (romanization)

→ Korean: 사까시 (sakkasi, “fellatio”)

From 尺(しゃく) (shaku, archaic measure of length approximately equal to 30.3 cm) + 八(はち) (hachi, “eight”, as in 八(はち)寸(すん) (hachi sun), one 寸(すん) (sun) is about 3.03 cm).

ja-compound

時代劇では、虚無僧が尺八を吹きながら現れる。

Jidaigeki de wa, komusō ga shakuhachi o fukinagara arawareru.

In Japanese historical drama, mendicant Zen priests show up while playing shakuhachi.


物語

物語 (canonical)
monogatari (romanization)

源氏物語

指輪物語

パイの物語

1998 December 18 [1977 August 15], Fyodor Dostoyevsky with Tezuka, Osamu, 罪と罰 [Crime and Punishment], 10th edition (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 8:

This story takes place on the eve of a revolution, in the town of Petersburg where there is but decadence and poverty under the rule of the Russian monarchy…

この物語は革命前夜の帝政ロシアにおいて退廃と貧困にあけくれたぺテルブルグの町に起こった……

Kono monogatari wa kakumei zen'ya no teisei Roshia ni oite taihan to hinkon ni akekureta Peteruburugu no machi ni okotta……


乙姫

乙 (oto, “young girl; youngest girl”) + 姫 (hime, “daughter or young lady of noble or gentle birth; princess”)

compound

Otohime, princess of Ryūgū Castle in the tale of Urashima Tarō

リュウグウノオトヒメノモトユイノキリハズシ

Zostera marina; cutting of the hairtie of Otohime of Ryūgū

浦島太郎: Urashima Tarō

浦島太郎 うらしまたろう


仙人

From sen (仙, supernatural being, hermit) + nin (人, human being).

(Taoism) immortal mountain fairy or wizard.


灯台

灯台下暗し

灯台下暗 とうだいもとくら


天国

[tẽ̞ŋɡo̞kɯ̟]

行きたい天国？

1995 June 1 [1993 April 17], Yōzaburō Kanari with Satō, Fumiya, “オペラ座(ざ)館(かん)殺(さつ)人(じん)事(じ)件(けん)⑥(ろく) [The Opera House Murder Case #6]”, in 金(きん)田(だ)一(いち)少(しょう)年(ねん)の事(じ)件(けん)簿(ぼ) [The Kindaichi Case Files], 14th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN:

...Don’t... I don’t want help... I... didn’t mean to kill Ogata-sensei... She had nothing to do with all this... I can go where Fuyuko is now... Then again... there’s no way I’ll make it to heaven like this, is there...

‥いらん‥助かりたくない 俺は‥‥ 関係のない緒方先生まで手にかけてしまったんだ‥‥このまま冬子のいる所へ‥‥‥‥といっても‥こんな俺が天国なんて行けるわけねえか‥‥

‥Iran‥ Tasukaritaku nai Ore wa‥‥ kankei no nai Ogata Sensei made te ni kakete shimatta n da‥‥ Kono mama Fuyuko no iru tokoro e‥‥ ‥‥To itte mo‥ konna ore ga tengoku nante ikeru wake nē ka‥‥

2000 August 10, Yūma Andō with Asaki, Masashi, “BREAK(ブレイク).41(よんじゅういち) ケンカの神(かみ)様(さま) [Break 41: God of the Brawl]”, in サイコメトラーEIJI(エイジ) [Psychometrer Eiji], volume 24 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN:

そうだ 満足か？

そうだ 満足か？

そうだ 満足か？

そうだ 満足か？

そうだ 満足か？

そうだ 満足か？

そうだ 満足か？


古琴

古琴を弾く

古琴を奏でる


仏語

[bɯ̟t͡sɨɡo̞]

仏 (Butsu, “Buddha”) + 語 (-go, “words, speech”).

suffix

ja:仏語 (曖昧さ回避)


創世記

ja-pos

創(そう)世(せい)記(き) • (Sōseiki) ^(←さうせいき (Sauseiki)?)

創世記 (canonical)
Sōseiki (romanization)
Sauseiki (romanization)
さうせいき (hiragana historical)

From 創世 (sōsei, “world creation”) + 記 (-ki, “chronicle”).

suf

Holonym: モーセ五書


石膏

ja-noun

石(せっ)膏(こう) • (sekkō) ^(←せきかう (sekikau)?)

石膏 (canonical)
sekkō (romanization)
sekikau (romanization)
せきかう (hiragana historical)


神話

建国神話

a myth of the national foundation, a founding myth

1999 July 5, “ヨルムンガルド [Jormungarde]”, in BOOSTER 3, Konami:

An unfathomably long serpent from the world of mythology.

神話の世界に出てくるヘビ。非常に長い。

Shinwa no sekai ni detekuru hebi. Hijō ni nagai.

2000 April 20, “ヴァルキリー [Valkyrie]”, in Magic Ruler －魔法の支配者－, Konami:

A fighting angel featured in mythology. She passes down divine punishment with the spear in her hand.

神話に出てくる闘いの天使。手にする槍で天罰を下す。

Shinwa ni detekuru tatakai no tenshi. Te ni suru yari de tenbatsu o kudasu.


神話学

神話学 (canonical)
shinwagaku (romanization)

[ɕĩɰ̃β̞a̠ɡa̠kɯ̟]

神(しん)話(わ) (shinwa, “myth”) + 学(がく) (-gaku, “-ology”).


変化

変 (hen, “abnormal”) + 化 (ke, “change oneself into”)

妖怪変化: a

妖怪変化 ようかいへんげ


仏教

ja-pos

仏(ぶっ)教(きょう) • (bukkyō) ^(←ぶつけう (butukeu)?)

仏教 (canonical)
bukkyō (romanization)
butukeu (romanization)
ぶつけう (hiragana historical)

[bɯ̟k̚ʲkʲo̞ː]

From 仏 (Butsu, “Buddha”) + 教 (-kyō, “religion”)

suf

2008 July 16 [2008 January 23], Hikaru Nakamura, “その２ 最聖珍道中 [Chapter 2: The Ultimate Holy Journey]”, in [聖](セイント)☆おにいさん [Saint☆Young Men], 6th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha:

Buddha, the Enlightened. Jesus, Son of God. They are widely regarded as the founders of Buddhism and Christianity, respectively.

目覚めた人ブッダ 神の子イエス 言わずと知れた仏教とキリスト教の祖である

Mezameta hito Budda Kami no ko Iesu Iwazu to shireta Bukkyō to Kirisuto-kyō no so de aru

鎌倉新仏教

new schools of Japanese Buddhism founded during the Kamakura period


水神

Probably from Middle Chinese 水神 (MC sywijX zyin, literally “water god”).

ltc-l

There are numerous such kami.

(mythology, Shinto): a Japanese god of water


学院

ja-noun

学(がく)院(いん) • (gakuin) ^(←がくゐん (gakwin)?)

学院 (canonical)
gakuin (romanization)
gakwin (romanization)
がくゐん (hiragana historical)

From 学 (gaku, “study”) + 院 (-in, “institute”).

suf

an academy (specialized school; college or university)


我慢

Gaman (term)
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:我慢


阿修羅

ja-noun

阿(あ)修(しゅ)羅(ら) or 阿(あ)修(す)羅(ら) or 阿修羅(アスラ) • (ashura or asura)

阿修羅 (canonical)
阿修羅 (canonical)
阿修羅 (canonical)
ashura (romanization)
asura (romanization)

From Chinese 阿修羅 /阿修罗 (āxiūluó), from Sanskrit असुर (asura).

ja:アスラ ja:阿修羅


後生

後生 (canonical)
goshō (romanization)
gosyau (romanization)
ごしやう (hiragana historical)

後生だから。


心地

心(しん)地(じ) or 心(しん)地(ち) • (shinji or shinchi) ^(←しんぢ (sindi)?)

心地 (canonical)
心地 (canonical)
shinji (romanization)
shinchi (romanization)
sindi (romanization)
しんぢ (hiragana historical)

/siːm diː/ → /simdi/ → /ɕimd͡ʑi/ → /ɕiɲd͡ʑi/
From Middle Chinese 心地 (MC sim dijH).

(Buddhism)
(Buddhism)
(Buddhism)
(Zen Buddhism)


心眼

心(しん)眼(げん) • (shingen) ^(←しんげん (singen)?)

心眼 (canonical)
shingen (romanization)
singen (romanization)
しんげん (hiragana historical)


飛竜

飛(ひ)竜(りゅう) or 飛竜(ひりょう) • (hiryū or hiryō)

飛竜 (canonical)
飛竜 (canonical)
hiryū (romanization)
hiryō (romanization)

ワイバーン ワイバーン#Japanese


女子

女子 (canonical)
onago (romanization)
wonago (romanization)
をなご (hiragana historical)

1984 February 15, Motoka Murakami, “歓(かん)迎(げい)会(かい)の〝突(つ)き〞の巻(まき) [A "Tsuki" at the Welcome Party]”, in 六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)の剣(けん) [Musashi’s Sword], volume 13 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 110:

お…おなごじゃあ‼めんごいおなごさおるぞ！


天皇

ja-pos

天(てん)皇(こう) • (Tenkō) ^(←てんくわう (Tenkwau)?)

天皇 (canonical)
Tenkō (romanization)
Tenkwau (romanization)
てんくわう (hiragana historical)

/ten kʷau/ → /tenkʷɔː/ → /tenkɔː/ → /tenkoː/
From Middle Chinese 天皇 (MC then hwang).
The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.

(Chinese mythology) the first of the Three Sovereigns, possibly 伏羲 (Fukki, “Fu Xi”)


楽譜

楽譜 (canonical)
gakufu (romanization)
がくふ (hiragana historical)

[ɡa̠kɯ̟̊ɸɯ̟]


文学

[bɯ̟̃ŋɡa̠kɯ̟]


作曲家

ja-noun

作(さっ)曲(きょく)家(か) • (sakkyokuka) (counter 人)

作曲家 (canonical)
sakkyokuka (romanization)
人 (counter)


作曲

作曲する (canonical)
sakkyoku suru (romanization)
作曲し (stem)
作曲した (past)
作曲し
さっきょくし
sakkyoku shi
作曲する
さっきょくする
sakkyoku suru
作曲すれ
さっきょくすれ
sakkyoku sure
作曲せよ (imperative literary)
作曲しろ (colloquial imperative)
さっきょくせよ (imperative literary)
さっきょくしろ (colloquial imperative)
sakkyoku seyo (imperative literary)
sakkyoku shiro (colloquial imperative)
作曲される (passive)
さっきょくされる (passive)
sakkyoku sareru (passive)
作曲させる (causative)
作曲さす (causative)
さっきょくさせる (causative)
さっきょくさす (causative)
sakkyoku saseru (causative)
sakkyoku sasu (causative)
作曲できる (potential)
さっきょくできる (potential)
sakkyoku dekiru (potential)
作曲しよう (volitional)
さっきょくしよう (volitional)
sakkyoku shiyō (volitional)
作曲しない (negative)
さっきょくしない (negative)
sakkyoku shinai (negative)
作曲せず (continuative negative)
さっきょくせず (continuative negative)
sakkyoku sezu (continuative negative)
作曲します (formal)
さっきょくします (formal)
sakkyoku shimasu (formal)
作曲した (perfective)
さっきょくした (perfective)
sakkyoku shita (perfective)
作曲して (conjunctive)
さっきょくして (conjunctive)
sakkyoku shite (conjunctive)
作曲すれば (conditional hypothetical)
さっきょくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
sakkyoku sureba (conditional hypothetical)


テレビ

→ Korean: 텔레비 (tellebi)

テレビ東京

1994 July 16, Isao Takahata, 平成狸合戦ぽんぽこ [Heisei Raccoon Dog War Ponpoko], spoken by the main narrator (Sandaimoku Kokontei Shinchō), Toho:

However, the installation of the TV has helped spread the unforeseen interests.

しかし、テレビの設置は思わぬ波紋を広げた。

Shikashi, terebi no setchi wa omowanu hamon o hirogeta.

1996 September 15, Mitsuru Adachi, “帰リ道その２ [The Way Home 2]”, in SHORT(ショート) PROGRAM(プログラム) [SHORT PROGRAM], volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 260:

I’m not really panicking right now. Of course this is the first time I’ve been in this situation, but this sort of thing happens on telly and in comics all the time, and it’s called time travel or something.

ぼくは、別にあわててはいなかった。もちろん初めての経験だったけど、ＴＶやまんがではよく起きることだし、タイムスリップや、タイムトリップとかいう言葉も知っていた。

Boku wa, betsu ni awatete wa inakatta. Mochiron hajimete no keiken datta kedo, terebi ya manga de wa yoku okiru koto dashi, taimu surippu ya, taimu torippu to ka iu kotoba mo shitteita.

テレビジョン テレビジョン#Japanese

Clipping of テレビジョン (terebijon, “television”); a TV


教室

教(きょう)室(しつ) • (kyōshitsu) ^(←けうしつ (keusitu)?)

教室 (canonical)
kyōshitsu (romanization)
keusitu (romanization)
けうしつ (hiragana historical)

[kʲo̞ːɕi̥t͡sɨ]


儒学

[d͡ʑɨɡa̠kɯ̟]


儒教

ja-pos

儒(じゅ)教(きょう) • (jukyō) ^(←じゆけう (zyukeu)?) (uncountable)

儒教 (canonical)
jukyō (romanization)
zyukeu (romanization)
じゆけう (hiragana historical)


邪魔

Originally a Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.
From Middle Chinese 邪魔 (*zia *mɑ, literally “wrong, evil, perverse” + “devil, demon”). Compare modern Mandarin 邪魔 (xiémó).

ja-etym-buddhist

(Buddhism) a demon or devil of perversity, a hindrance to the practice of Buddhism


弟子

From Middle Chinese 弟子 (MC dejX tsiX). Probably the initial borrowing.

(Buddhism) on a mala or Buddhist rosary, the ten small beads closest to the end of the portion that hangs free from the largest bead


仏陀

ja-pos

仏(ぶつ)陀(だ) or 仏陀(ブッダ) • (Butsuda or Budda)

仏陀 (canonical)
仏陀 (canonical)
Butsuda (romanization)
Budda (romanization)

Borrowed from Pali buddha or Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddhá). The kanji is ateji (当て字), from Chinese 佛陀 (Fótuó).

目覚めた人ブッダ 神の子イエス 言わずと知れた仏教とキリスト教の祖である


交響楽団

交響楽団 (canonical)
kōkyōgakudan (romanization)


太鼓

Sino-Japanese compound of 太 (tai, “big, fat, thick”) + 鼓 (ko, “drum”).


火車

火車 (canonical)
kasha (romanization)
kwasya (romanization)
くわしや (hiragana historical)

/kua t͡ɕia/ → /kʷaɕʲa/ → /kaɕa/
From Middle Chinese compound 火車 (MC xwaX tsyhae).
The "steam locomotive" sense is a semantic loan from modern Chinese 火車 /火车 (huǒchē).

(Buddhism) a fiery chariot that brings sinners to hell; by extension, a form of torture using this vehicle

(folklore) a yōkai that steals the corpses of those who have died as a result of accumulating evil deeds


真実

[ɕĩɲ̟d͡ʑit͡sɨ]

真実一路

真実一路 しんじついちろ

(Buddhism) Synonym of 真如 (shinnyo, “suchness”)


餓鬼

餓鬼 (canonical)
餓鬼 (canonical)
gaki (romanization)

Borrowing from Middle Chinese compound 餓鬼 (MC ngaH kjw+jX, “hungry + ghost”). Compare modern Min Nan reading gō-kúi. The Chinese term derives from the importation of Buddhism into China, as a translation of Sanskrit प्रेत (preta).

(Buddhism) short for 餓鬼道 (gakidō): the hungry ghost realm, one of the six realms of reincarnation in Buddhist cosmology

餓鬼道

(Buddhism) a preta: the spirit of a jealous or greedy person who, as punishment for mortal vices, has been cursed with insatiable hunger

(Buddhism) the souls of the dead who languish in oblivion without any surviving relatives to pray for their peace


作詞家

作詞家 (canonical)
sakushika (romanization)
人 (counter)


作詞者

ja-noun

作(さく)詞(し)者(しゃ) • (sakushisha) (counter 人)

作詞者 (canonical)
sakushisha (romanization)
人 (counter)


編曲者

編(へん)曲(きょく)者(しゃ) • (henkyokusha) (counter 人)

編曲者 (canonical)
henkyokusha (romanization)
人 (counter)

[hẽ̞ŋʲkʲo̞kɯ̟ɕa̠]


恋人

恋(こい)人(びと) • (koibito) ^(←こひびと (kofibito)?)

恋人 (canonical)
koibito (romanization)
kofibito (romanization)
こひびと (hiragana historical)

From 恋(こい) (koi, “love”) + 人(ひと) (hito, “person”). The hito changes to bito as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

ja:恋人
ja:恋人 (タロット)

(tarot) The Lovers, the sixth trump or major arcana card in most traditional Tarot decks


無心

(Buddhism) setting free one's mind from distracting thoughts


ケンタウルス

[kẽ̞nta̠ɯ̟ɾɯ̟sɨ]

Learned borrowing from Latin centaurus, from Ancient Greek κένταυρος (kéntauros)

ケンタウロス ケンタウロス#Japanese

(Roman mythology) Alternative form of ケンタウロス (kentaurosu, “centaur”)


旧約聖書

ja-pos

旧(きゅう)約(やく)聖(せい)書(しょ) • (Kyūyaku Seisho) ^(←きうやくせいしょ (Kiuyakuseisyo)?)

旧約聖書 (canonical)
Kyūyaku Seisho (romanization)
Kiuyakuseisyo (romanization)
きうやくせいしょ (hiragana historical)

旧 (kyū-, “paleo-; old”) + 約 (yaku, “contract”) + 聖書 (Seisho, “Bible”)


火星人

[ka̠se̞ːʑĩɴ]

(science fiction) a Martian (inhabitant of Mars)


金星人

金星人 (canonical)
kinseijin (romanization)

[kʲĩɰ̃se̞ːʑĩɴ]

金星 (Kinsei, “Venus”) + 人 (-jin, “human”)

suf

(science fiction) a Venusian (inhabitant of Venus)


枢機卿

ja-noun

枢(すう)機(き)卿(きょう) or 枢機卿(すうきけい) • (sūkikyō or sūkikei)

枢機卿 (canonical)
枢機卿 (canonical)
sūkikyō (romanization)
sūkikei (romanization)


クリスチャン

[kɯ̟ɾʲisɨt͡ɕã̠ɴ]

キリシタン

generally in reference to the early period of Catholicism in Japan


福音書

福音書 (canonical)
fukuinsho (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟̊kɯ̟ĩɰ̃ɕo̞]

From 福音 (fukuin, “good news”) + 書 (-sho, “book”).


ゴスペル

[ɡo̞sɨ̥pe̞ɾɯ̟]

Church of England
Daijisen
Michael Buckworth Bailey
ja:松村明

Borrowed from English gospel.
First cited in 1867, in the first edition of the 万国新聞紙 (Bankoku Shinbun-shi, “All-Nations Newspaper”), published by Church of England missionary Michael Buckworth Bailey.
The gospel music sense arose sometime after 1966, the date when full term ゴスペルソング (gosuperu songu) is first attested.

the Gospels: all or any of the first four books of the New Testament, Matthew, Mark, Luke or John

ゴスペルソング ゴスペルソング#Japanese

short for ゴスペルソング (gosuperu songu, “gospel music, gospel song”)


おうし座

おうし座 (canonical)
Oushiza (romanization)
Wousiza (romanization)
をうしざ (hiragana historical)

牡牛 (oushi, “bull”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


天の川

ja-pos

天(あま)の川(がわ) • (Amanogawa) ^(←あまのがは (Amanogafa)?)

天の川 (canonical)
Amanogawa (romanization)
Amanogafa (romanization)
あまのがは (hiragana historical)

From 天 (ama, “heaven”) + の (no, possessive/attributive particle) + 川 (kawa, “river”).

af

(folklore) the Milky Way (where Orihime could meet Hikoboshi on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month)


天の川

ja-pos

天(てん)の川(かわ) • (Ten no Kawa) ^(←てんのかは (Ten no Kafa)?)

天の川 (canonical)
Ten no Kawa (romanization)
Ten no Kafa (romanization)
てんのかは (hiragana historical)

From 天 (ten, “heaven”) + の (no, possessive/attributive particle) + 川 (kawa, “river”).


ポケモン

desc

→ Arabic: بوكيمون

→ Arabic: بوكيمون

→ Belarusian: Покемон (Pokjemon)

→ English: Pokémon

→ Greek: Πόκεμον (Pókemon)

→ Hebrew: פוקימון

→ Hebrew: פוקימון

→ Hindi: पोकेमोन (pokemon)

→ Korean: 포켓몬 (pokenmon)

→ Mandarin: 寶可夢 /宝可梦 (Bǎokèmèng)

→ Cantonese: 寶可夢 /宝可梦 (bou² ho² mung⁶)

→ Russian: Покемон (Pokemon)

→ Tamil: போகெமொன் (pōkemoṉ)

→ Thai: โปเกมอน

→ Thai: โปเกมอน

→ Telugu: పోకెమొన్ (pōkemon)

→ Urdu: پوکیمون (pokemon)

→ Ukrainian: Покемон (Pokemon)

ポケットモンスター ポケットモンスター#Japanese

Clipping of ポケットモンスター (Poketto Monsutā, “Pocket Monster”); a Pokémon


多神教

ja-noun

多(た)神(しん)教(きょう) • (tashinkyō) ^(←たしんけう (tasinkeu)?)

多神教 (canonical)
tashinkyō (romanization)
tasinkeu (romanization)
たしんけう (hiragana historical)

[ta̠ɕĩŋʲkʲo̞ː]

From 多 (ta-, “poly-; multi-”) + 神 (shin, “god”) + 教 (-kyō, “religion”).


二神教

二神教 (canonical)
nishinkyō (romanization)

(religion) ditheism (a belief in two gods)


一神教

一(いっ)神(しん)教(きょう) • (isshinkyō) ^(←いつしんけう (itusinkeu)?)

一神教 (canonical)
isshinkyō (romanization)
itusinkeu (romanization)
いつしんけう (hiragana historical)

[iɕːĩŋʲkʲo̞ː]

From 一 (itsu-, “mono-; uni-”) + 神 (shin, “god”) + 教 (-kyō, “religion”).


楽器

楽器 (canonical)
gakki (romanization)
gakuki (romanization)
がくき (hiragana historical)


バイオリン

[ba̠io̞ɾʲĩɴ]


木琴

木(もっ)琴(きん) • (mokkin) ^(←もくきん (mokukin)?)

木琴 (canonical)
mokkin (romanization)
mokukin (romanization)
もくきん (hiragana historical)

[mo̞k̚ʲkʲĩɴ]

木琴を叩く

木琴を演奏する


鉄琴

[te̞k̚ʲkʲĩɴ]


胡弓

kokyū (Japanese bowed lute with three or four strings)


ギター

ギター • (gitā)

→ Hakka: 吉他 (kí-tá)

→ Min Nan: 吉他 (gì-tà, gih-tah)

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (kĭthắrā)bor.
Aramaic קיתראbor.
Arabic قِيثَارَة (qīṯāra)bor.
Old Spanish guitarra
Spanish guitarrabor.
English guitarbor.
Japanese ギター
Borrowed from English guitar.

etymon

ギターを弾く

Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:ギター
ja:松村明


エレクトーン

(music) electone (a kind of electric piano)


トロンボーン

[to̞ɾõ̞mbõ̞ːɴ]

From English trombone, from Italian trombone.


フルート

[ɸɯ̟ɾɯ̟ːto̞]


サクソフォン

[sa̠kɯ̟̊so̞ɸõ̞ɴ]


バスーン

ja-noun

バスーン • (basūn)


タンバリン

[tã̠mba̠ɾʲĩɴ]

From English tambourine, from French tambourin.


コントラバス

contrabass; double bass; bass (musical instrument)

Daijirin
Daijisen
Double bass
ja:コントラバス
ja:松村明


ウクレレ

[ɯ̟kɯ̟ɾe̞ɾe̞]

Borrowed from American English ukulele, ultimately from Hawaiian ʻukulele.


演奏家

[ẽ̞ɰ̃so̞ːka̠]

演奏 (playing the instrument) + 家 (professional)


寝室

寝室 (canonical)
shinshitsu (romanization)

[ɕĩɰ̃ɕit͡sɨ]


トイレ

Clipping of トイレット (toiretto), borrowed from English toilet.


演奏者

[ẽ̞ɰ̃so̞ːɕa̠]

演奏 (ensō, “playing the instrument”) + 者 (-sha, “person”)


クリスマスケーキ

Borrowed from English Christmas cake.
(unmarried woman): An allusion to the difficulty of selling Christmas cakes when the festive occasion has passed.


サンタクロース

[sã̠nta̠ kɯ̟ɾo̞ːsɨ]


クリスマスツリー

[kɯ̟ɾʲisɨma̠sɨ̥ t͡sɨɾʲiː]

Christmas tree (a tree used during the Christmas holiday season)


管楽器

ja-noun

管(かん)楽(がっ)器(き) • (kangakki) ^(←くわんがくき (kwangakuki)?)

管楽器 (canonical)
kangakki (romanization)
kwangakuki (romanization)
くわんがくき (hiragana historical)

[kã̠ŋɡa̠k̚ʲkʲi]


アイシャドー

アイシャドー • (aishadō)


口紅

[kɯ̟̊t͡ɕibe̞ɲ̟i]


リップスティック

[ɾʲip̚pɯ̟sɨ̥tʲik̚kɯ̟]

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:松村明


化粧

化粧 (canonical)
keshō (romanization)
kesyau (romanization)
けしやう (hiragana historical)

化粧裏板

化粧裏板 けしょううらいた

化粧金具

化粧金具 けしょうかなぐ

化粧合板

化粧合板 けしょうごうはん

化粧木舞

化粧木舞 けしょうこまい

化粧石鹸

化粧石鹸 けしょうせっけん

化粧垂木

化粧垂木 けしょうだるき

化粧箪笥

化粧箪笥 けしょうだんす

化粧目貫

化粧目貫 けしょうめぬき

化粧元結

化粧元結 けしょうもとゆい

化粧屋根裏

化粧屋根裏 けしょうやねうら

化粧煉瓦

化粧煉瓦 けしょうれんが

化粧化粧

化粧化粧 けわいけしょう


七つの美徳

七つの美徳 (canonical)
nanatsu no bitoku (romanization)


食堂

食(じき)堂(どう) • (jikidō) ^(←じきだう (zikidau)?)

食堂 (canonical)
jikidō (romanization)
zikidau (romanization)
じきだう (hiragana historical)

/d͡ʑikidau/ → /d͡ʑikidɔː/ → /d͡ʑikidoː/
From Middle Chinese 食堂 (MC zyik dang). First attested in 747.

(Buddhism) refectory in a Buddhist temple


国歌

国歌 (canonical)
kokka (romanization)
kokuka (romanization)
こくか (hiragana historical)

ソビエト連邦の国歌


漫画家

漫(まん)画(が)家(か) or 漫画家(マンガか) • (mangaka) ^(←まんぐわか (mangwaka)?)

漫画家 (canonical)
漫画家 (canonical)
mangaka (romanization)
mangwaka (romanization)
まんぐわか (hiragana historical)

→ English: mangaka

→ French: mangaka

desctree

→ Korean: 만화가(漫畫家) (manhwaga)
→ English: manhwaga

→ Mandarin: 漫畫家 /漫画家 (mànhuàjiā)

→ English: manhuajia

→ Russian: манга́ка (mangáka)

[mã̠ŋɡa̠ka̠]

2007 July 23, Mitsuru Adachi, “メモリーオフ 前編 [Memory Off: First Chapter]”, in SHORT(ショート) PROGRAM(プログラム) [SHORT PROGRAM], volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 112:

White… All over the place, endless white… So this is the otherworld. A true paradise for comics artists. So quiet… I can't hear a thing.

白い……どこもかしこも、まっ白だ……これがあの世なのか。漫画家にとっては本当の天国だな。静かだ……何も聞こえない。

Shiroi…… Doko mo kashiko mo, masshiro da…… Kore ga ano yo na no ka. Mangaka ni totte wa hontō no tengoku da na. Shizuka da…… Nani mo kikoenai.


バレエ

ja-noun

バレエ • (barē)


踊り

踊り (canonical)
odori (romanization)
wodori (romanization)
をどり (hiragana historical)


ダンス

→ Hokkien: làng-suh


ビショップ

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:松村明


キリスト教

キリスト教 (canonical)
Kirisuto-kyō (romanization)

キリスト (Kirisuto, “Christ”) + 教 (-kyō, “religion”)

suf

目覚めた人ブッダ 神の子イエス 言わずと知れた仏教とキリスト教の祖である


大司教

大司教 (canonical)
daishikyō (romanization)


幽霊

幽霊 (canonical)
yūrei (romanization)
iurei (romanization)
いうれい (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese compound 幽靈 /幽灵 (ʔjiw leng, literally “dark + supernatural”). Compare modern Mandarin reading yōulíng, Min Nan iu-lêng.

死霊, 死霊

a spirit of the dead, a ghost, a departed soul

幽霊会社: a phantom company: a paper company

phantom stock: company stock that has not actually been traded

幽霊人口 ゆうれいじんこう

幽霊人口: phantom population: population figures that are artificially inflated from fraudulent paperwork

幽霊文字

ghost characters, Chinese characters of unknown origin or meaning

幽霊屋敷

幽霊屋敷 ゆうれいやしき


楷書

ja-noun

楷(かい)書(しょ) • (kaisho) ^(←かいしよ (kaisyo)?)

楷書 (canonical)
kaisho (romanization)
kaisyo (romanization)
かいしよ (hiragana historical)

regular script: a style of Chinese characters that is square and straight-lined


美術館

美(び)術(じゅつ)館(かん) • (bijutsukan) ^(←びじゆつくわん (bizyutukwan)?)

美術館 (canonical)
bijutsukan (romanization)
bizyutukwan (romanization)
びじゆつくわん (hiragana historical)

[bʲiʑɨt͡sɨkã̠ɴ]

Compound of 美(び)術(じゅつ) (bijutsu, “art”) + 館(かん) (kan, “public building”).


博物館

ja-noun

博(はく)物(ぶつ)館(かん) • (hakubutsukan) ^(←はくぶつくわん (fakubutukwan)?)

博物館 (canonical)
hakubutsukan (romanization)
fakubutukwan (romanization)
はくぶつくわん (hiragana historical)

[ha̠kɯ̟bɯ̟t͡sɨ̥kã̠ɴ]

博物 (hakubutsu, “wide learning”) + 館 (kan, “building”)


ピエロ

2000 January 27, “マーダーサーカス・ゾンビ [Murder Circus Zombie]”, in Vol.7, Konami:

A clown revived by dark forces. It will send you to your grave with its mad dance.

闇の力で生き返ったピエロ。フラフラとした踊りで死へといざなう。

Yami no chikara de ikikaetta piero. Furafura to shita odori de shi e to izanau.

Synonym of 道化師 (dōkeshi, “clown”) (performance artist working in a circus); Pierrot


市役所

市役所 (canonical)
shiyakusho (romanization)

[ɕija̠kɯ̟̊ɕo̞]


消防署

ja-noun

消(しょう)防(ぼう)署(しょ) • (shōbōsho) ^(←せうばうしよ (seubausyo)?)

消防署 (canonical)
shōbōsho (romanization)
seubausyo (romanization)
せうばうしよ (hiragana historical)

[ɕo̞ːbo̞ːɕo̞]

From 消防 (しょうぼう, shōbō, “fire fighting”) + 署 (ショ, sho, “station, office”).

compound

しょうぼう, shōbō

The local shōbōsho (消防署, fire station) usually sends someone over to talk about the emergency backpack [...]

2015 September 14, Kaori Shoji, “When disaster strikes in Japan, keep calm and carry a diaper”, in The Japan Times, retrieved 2023-04-11:

(firefighting) fire station, fire department, firehouse


トレース

トレースする (canonical)
torēsu suru (romanization)
トレースし (stem)
トレースした (past)
トレースし
torēsu shi
トレースする
torēsu suru
トレースすれ
torēsu sure
トレースせよ (imperative literary)
トレースしろ (colloquial imperative)
torēsu seyo (imperative literary)
torēsu shiro (colloquial imperative)
トレースされる (passive)
torēsu sareru (passive)
トレースさせる (causative)
トレースさす (causative)
torēsu saseru (causative)
torēsu sasu (causative)
トレースできる (potential)
torēsu dekiru (potential)
トレースしよう (volitional)
torēsu shiyō (volitional)
トレースしない (negative)
torēsu shinai (negative)
トレースせず (continuative negative)
torēsu sezu (continuative negative)
トレースします (formal)
torēsu shimasu (formal)
トレースした (perfective)
torēsu shita (perfective)
トレースして (conjunctive)
torēsu shite (conjunctive)
トレースすれば (conditional hypothetical)
torēsu sureba (conditional hypothetical)


琵琶

琵琶 (canonical)
Biwa (romanization)
Bifa (romanization)
びは (hiragana historical)

/bipa/ → /bifa/ → /biwa/
Borrowing from Middle Chinese 琵琶 (MC bjij bae). The sound change of /f/ → /w/ is unusual in Sino-Japanese vocabulary.


伸ばす

ja-verb

伸(の)ばす • (nobasu) transitive godan (stem 伸(の)ばし (nobashi), past 伸(の)ばした (nobashita))

伸ばす (canonical)
nobasu (romanization)
伸ばし (stem)
伸ばした (past)
伸ばさ
のばさ
nobasa
伸ばし
のばし
nobashi
伸ばす
のばす
nobasu
伸ばせ
のばせ
nobase
伸ばされる (passive)
のばされる (passive)
nobasareru (passive)
伸ばさせる (causative)
伸ばさす (causative)
のばさせる (causative)
のばさす (causative)
nobasaseru (causative)
nobasasu (causative)
伸ばせる (potential)
のばせる (potential)
nobaseru (potential)
伸ばそう (volitional)
のばそう (volitional)
nobasō (volitional)
伸ばさない (negative)
のばさない (negative)
nobasanai (negative)
伸ばさず (continuative negative)
のばさず (continuative negative)
nobasazu (continuative negative)
伸ばします (formal)
のばします (formal)
nobashimasu (formal)
伸ばした (perfective)
のばした (perfective)
nobashita (perfective)
伸ばして (conjunctive)
のばして (conjunctive)
nobashite (conjunctive)
伸ばせば (conditional hypothetical)
のばせば (conditional hypothetical)
nobaseba (conditional hypothetical)
伸ばさ (irrealis stem)
のばさ (irrealis stem)
nobasa (irrealis)
伸ばし (continuative stem)
のばし (continuative stem)
nobasi (continuative)
伸ばす (stem terminative)
のばす (stem terminative)
nobasu (terminative)
伸ばす (attributive stem)
のばす (attributive stem)
nobasu (attributive)
伸ばせ (realis stem)
のばせ (realis stem)
nobase (realis)
伸ばせ (imperative stem)
のばせ (imperative stem)
nobase (imperative)
伸ばさず (negative)
のばさず (negative)
nobasazu (negative)
伸ばせど (contrastive)
のばせど (contrastive)
nobasedo (contrastive)
伸ばせば (causative)
のばせば (causative)
nobaseba (causative)
伸ばさば (conditional)
のばさば (conditional)
nobasaba (conditional)
伸ばしき (past)
のばしき (past)
nobasiki (past)
伸ばしけり (past)
のばしけり (past)
nobasikeri (past)
伸ばしつ (perfect)
のばしつ (perfect)
nobasitu (perfect)
伸ばしぬ (perfect)
のばしぬ (perfect)
nobasinu (perfect)
伸ばせり (continuative perfect)
伸ばしたり (continuative perfect)
のばせり (continuative perfect)
のばしたり (continuative perfect)
nobaseri (continuative perfect)
nobasitari (continuative perfect)
伸ばさむ (volitional)
のばさむ (volitional)
nobasamu (volitional)


イスラエル

[isɨɾa̠e̞ɾɯ̟]

(biblical) Israel (A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)

(historical) Israel (an ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel)

(historical) Israel (an ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah)

ミカエル（Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌ）
ユダヤ教(きょう)・キリスト教(きょう)・イスラム教(きょう)の天(てん)使(し)の名(な)。旧(きゅう)約(やく)聖(せい)書(しょ)ではイスラエルの守(しゅ)護(ご)天(てん)使(し)とされ、新(しん)約(やく)聖(せい)書(しょ)ではサタンとの闘(たたか)いを指(し)揮(き)する
その役(やく)割(わり)から武(ぶ)装(そう)した青(せい)年(ねん)の姿(すがた)をとって描(ねが)かれることが多(おお)い

1996 June 15 [1995 October 10], Narita, Minako, “ＳＣＥＮＥ.１ ミカエルという名(な)の生(い)き物(もの) [SCENE.1 A Living Namesake of Archangel Michael]”, in ＮＡＴＵＲＡＬ(ナチュラル), 3rd edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Hakusensha, →ISBN, page 100:

Michael
The name of an angel in Judaism, Christianity and Islam. He is regarded as the Guardian Angel of Israel as per the Old Testament, and he is said to have commanded the forces against Satan as per the New Testament
As such, he is commonly depicted as an armed young man

Mikaeru (Michael)
Yudaya-kyō, Kirisuto-kyō, Isuramu-kyō no tenshi no na. Kyūyaku Seisho de wa Isuraeru no Shugo Tenshi to sare, Shin’yaku Seisho de wa Satan to no tatakai o shikisuru
Sono yakuwari kara busōshita seinen no sugata o totte negakareru koto ga ōi


三弦

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 三弦 (sānxián).

三弦協奏曲

協奏曲 きょうそうきょく

Synonym of 三味線 (shamisen): a three-stringed musical instrument similar to a banjo played by plucking with a plectrum

三味線

a sanxian (fretless lute with three strings used in traditional Chinese music)

any other three-stringed musical instrument similar to the Chinese sanxian, Okinawan sanshin, or Japanese shamisen

the three types of lute used in 雅楽 (gagaku) music: the 琵琶 (biwa), 箏 (sō) , and 和琴 (wagon)


落ちる

ja-verb

落(お)ちる • (ochiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 落(お)ち (ochi), past 落(お)ちた (ochita))

落ちる (canonical)
ochiru (romanization)
落ち (stem)
落ちた (past)
落ち
おち
ochi
落ちる
おちる
ochiru
落ちれ
おちれ
ochire
落ちよ (imperative literary)
落ちろ (colloquial imperative)
おちよ (imperative literary)
おちろ (colloquial imperative)
ochiyo (imperative literary)
ochiro (colloquial imperative)
落ちられる (passive)
おちられる (passive)
ochirareru (passive)
落ちさせる (causative)
落ちさす (causative)
おちさせる (causative)
おちさす (causative)
ochisaseru (causative)
ochisasu (causative)
落ちられる (potential)
落ちれる (colloquial potential)
おちられる (potential)
おちれる (colloquial potential)
ochirareru (potential)
ochireru (colloquial potential)
落ちよう (volitional)
おちよう (volitional)
ochiyō (volitional)
落ちない (negative)
落ちぬ (negative)
落ちん (negative)
おちない (negative)
おちぬ (negative)
おちん (negative)
ochinai (negative)
ochinu (negative)
ochin (negative)
落ちず (continuative negative)
おちず (continuative negative)
ochizu (continuative negative)
落ちます (formal)
おちます (formal)
ochimasu (formal)
落ちた (perfective)
おちた (perfective)
ochita (perfective)
落ちて (conjunctive)
おちて (conjunctive)
ochite (conjunctive)
落ちれば (conditional hypothetical)
おちれば (conditional hypothetical)
ochireba (conditional hypothetical)

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kojiki
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru

/otu/ → /ot͡su/ → /ot͡ɕiru/
Regular development from classical verb form 落つ (otsu, “to fall; to decline; to come to an end”). In turn, from Old Japanese 落つ (otu) of the same meaning, from Proto-Japonic *ətu.
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru. For the Old / Classical form, see the 落つ entry.
First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.
Via root ot-, cognate with 劣る (otoru, “to fail, to lose; to be of lower rank”, intransitive) and 落とす (otosu, “to drop something”, transitive). Additionally, cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *ote (“to fall”).

猿も木から落ちる: → even the experts make mistakes

(Internet slang, chat, video games, etc., of a person) to leave; to sign off; to drop off; to drop


妖精

妖精 (canonical)
yōsei (romanization)
eusei (romanization)
えうせい (hiragana historical)

1999 August 26, “フェアリー・ドラゴン [Fairy Dragon]”, in BOOSTER 4, Konami:

A very pretty dragon fairy that is surprisingly strong for a fairy.

妖精の中では意外と強い、とてもきれいなドラゴンの妖精。

Yōsei no naka de wa igai to tsuyoi, totemo kirei na doragon no yōsei.

Kore Yamazaki, “第1篇 April showers bring May flowers. [Composition 1: April showers bring May flowers.]”, in 魔法使いの嫁(The Ancient Magus Bride) [The Ancient Magus’ Bride], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Mag Garden, page 23:

True true! Call us ‘neighbors’ or ‘good friends’ instead.

そうそう！《お隣さん》とか《良い友達》とか

そうそう！《お隣さん》とか《良い友達》とか

そうそう！《お隣さん》とか《良い友達》とか


陰陽師

ja-noun

陰(おん)陽(みょう)師(じ) • (onmyōji) ^(←おんみやうじ (onmyauzi)?)

陰陽師 (canonical)
onmyōji (romanization)
onmyauzi (romanization)
おんみやうじ (hiragana historical)

[õ̞mʲːo̞ːʑi]

/omjauzi/ → */omʉjauzi/ → /omɨjauzi/ → /omʲːauʑi/ → /oɴmjɔːʑi/ → /oɴmjoːʑi/
Attested in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).
Shift from on'yōji below.
The yō reading for 陽 changes to myō as an instance of renjō (連声).

ja-renjō

a practitioner of 陰陽道 (onmyōdō, “esoteric cosmology based on Chinese philosophy and traditional Japanese occult practices”)


陰陽師

ja-noun

陰(おん)陽(よう)師(じ) • (on'yōji) ^(←おんやうじ (on'yauzi)?)

陰陽師 (canonical)
on'yōji (romanization)
on'yauzi (romanization)
おんやうじ (hiragana historical)
おみょうじ (alternative hiragana)
omyōji (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)
おみやうじ (alternative hiragana historical)

[õ̞ɰ̃jo̞ːʑi]

From 陰陽 (on'yō, “yin-yang”) + 師 (-shi, “-ian, -ist”).
The shi changes to ji as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
There is also a variant spelling: /omjauzi/ → */omʉjauzi/ → /omɨjauzi/ → /omjauzi/ → /omjɔːʑi/ → /omjɔːʑi/

suf

a practitioner of 陰陽道 (on'yōdō, “esoteric cosmology based on Chinese philosophy and traditional Japanese occult practices”)


雑誌

雑誌 (canonical)
zasshi (romanization)
冊 (counter)

→ Chinese: 雜誌 /杂志 (zázhì)

→ Korean: 잡지 (japji)

→ Vietnamese: tạp chí

雑 (zatsu, “miscellaneous”) + 誌 (shi, “record”)

af

医学雑誌

SF 雑誌

科学雑誌

学術雑誌

同人雑誌

婦人雑誌

1988 July 30 [1985 July 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “山(やま)寺(でら)グラフィティ [Mountain Temple Graffiti]”, in 宇宙船製造法 [How to Build a Spaceship] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 3), 6th edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 119:

I managed to get cutting and illustrating jobs for magazines and things like that.

カットやさし絵が、雑誌などにのるようになった。

Katto ya sashie ga, zasshi nado ni noru yō ni natta.


弾薬庫

弾薬庫 (canonical)
dan'yakuko (romanization)

[dã̠ɰ̃ja̠kɯ̟̊ko̞]

ammunition storehouse, ammunition chamber, magazine


お玉杓子

ja-noun

お玉(たま)杓(じゃく)子(し) or お玉杓子(タマジャクシ) • (otamajakushi)

お玉杓子 (canonical)
お玉杓子 (canonical)
otamajakushi (romanization)

御(お) (o, honorific prefix) + 玉(たま) (tama, “ball”) + 杓子(しゃくし) (shakushi, “bamboo ladle”)

ja-compound

ja:お玉杓子 ja:オタマジャクシ


キリスト教徒

キリスト教徒 (canonical)
kirisuto kyōto (romanization)

Compound of キリスト (Kirisuto, “Christ”) + 教(きょう)徒(と) (kyōto, “religious believer”).

(Christianity) a Christian person, Christian people


ハーモニカ

→ Sakizaya: hamunika


アコースティックギター

ja-noun

アコースティック ギター

アコースティックギター • (akōsutikku gitā)

[a̠ko̞ːsɨ̥tʲik̚kɯ̟ ɡʲita̠ː]

ja:アコースティックギター


打楽器

percussion instrument
percussion instrument


俳句

haiku, a poem that usually consists of 5-7-5 morae


囚人

囚(しゅう)人(じん) • (shūjin) ^(←しうじん (siuzin)?)

囚人 (canonical)
shūjin (romanization)
siuzin (romanization)
しうじん (hiragana historical)

ハリー・ポッターとアズカバンの囚人

Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban


復活祭

復(ふっ)活(かつ)祭(さい) • (Fukkatsusai) ^(←ふくくわつさい (fukukwatusai)?)

復活祭 (canonical)
Fukkatsusai (romanization)
fukukwatusai (romanization)
ふくくわつさい (hiragana historical)

[ɸɯ̟̊k̚ka̠t͡sɨ̥sa̠i]

復活 (fukkatsu, “resurrection”) + 祭 (sai, “festival”)


復活

ja-noun

復(ふっ)活(かつ) • (fukkatsu) ^(←ふくくわつ (fukukwatu)?)

復活 (canonical)
fukkatsu (romanization)
fukukwatu (romanization)
ふくくわつ (hiragana historical)

[ɸɯ̟̊k̚ka̠t͡sɨ]


挽歌

挽歌 (canonical)
banka (romanization)
ばんか (hiragana historical)


聖金曜日

聖金曜日 (canonical)
seikin'yōbi (romanization)

From 聖 (sei, ‘holy’) + 金曜日 (kin'yōbi, ‘Friday’), probably created as a translation from Romance languages.


号外

号(ごう)外(がい) • (gōgai) ^(←がうぐわい (gaugwai)?)

号外 (canonical)
gōgai (romanization)
gaugwai (romanization)
がうぐわい (hiragana historical)

1927, Kunio Kishida, Tsui ni, “Shiran” bunroku (Sanba):

「号外」「号外」と呼ぶ声。


聖霊降臨

聖霊降臨 (canonical)
Seirei Kōrin (romanization)


皇帝

皇(こう)帝(てい) • (kōtei) ^(←くわうてい (kwautei)?)

皇帝 (canonical)
kōtei (romanization)
kwautei (romanization)
くわうてい (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 皇帝 (ɦwɑŋ teiᴴ). See also 三皇五帝 (Sankō Gotei) and 始皇帝 (Shikōtei).


国教

国(こっ)教(きょう) • (kokkyō) ^(←こくけう (kokukeu)?)

国教 (canonical)
kokkyō (romanization)
kokukeu (romanization)
こくけう (hiragana historical)


無神論

無神論 (canonical)
mushinron (romanization)

[mɯ̟ɕĩn̺ɾõ̞ɴ]

無 (mu-, “un-; -less”) + 神 (shin, “god”) + 論 (-ron, “theory”)

af

無神論は東欧によく広がっています。

mushinron wa Tōō ni yoku hirogatteimasu.

Atheism is spreading well on Eastern Europe.


借地

ja-noun

借(しゃく)地(ち) or 借(かり)地(ち) • (shakuchi or karichi)

借地 (canonical)
借地 (canonical)
shakuchi (romanization)
karichi (romanization)


大師

(Buddhism, formal) Great teacher; great or silent master.


聖誕節

聖誕節 (canonical)
Seitansetsu (romanization)

クリスマス クリスマス#Japanese

Synonym of クリスマス (Kurisumasu, “Christmas”) (Christian holiday)


京劇

京(きょう)劇(げき) • (kyōgeki) ^(←きやうげき (kyaugeki)?)

京劇 (canonical)
kyōgeki (romanization)
kyaugeki (romanization)
きやうげき (hiragana historical)


舞う

ja-verb

舞(ま)う • (mau) ^(←まふ (mafu)?)intransitive godan (stem 舞(ま)い (mai), past 舞(ま)った (matta))

舞う (canonical)
mau (romanization)
mafu (romanization)
舞い (stem)
舞った (past)
舞わ
まわ
mawa
舞い
まい
mai
舞う
まう
mau
舞え
まえ
mae
舞われる (passive)
まわれる (passive)
mawareru (passive)
舞わせる (causative)
舞わす (causative)
まわせる (causative)
まわす (causative)
mawaseru (causative)
mawasu (causative)
舞える (potential)
まえる (potential)
maeru (potential)
舞おう (volitional)
まおう (volitional)
maō (volitional)
舞わない (negative)
まわない (negative)
mawanai (negative)
舞わず (continuative negative)
まわず (continuative negative)
mawazu (continuative negative)
舞います (formal)
まいます (formal)
maimasu (formal)
舞った (perfective)
まった (perfective)
matta (perfective)
舞って (conjunctive)
まって (conjunctive)
matte (conjunctive)
舞えば (conditional hypothetical)
まえば (conditional hypothetical)
maeba (conditional hypothetical)


はなよめ

From 花 (hana, “flower”) + 嫁 (yome, “bride”).

花嫁介添人

花嫁介添人 はなよめかいぞえにん

花嫁学校

花嫁学校 はなよめがっこう

写真花嫁

写真花嫁 しゃしんはなよめ


シャッター

ja-noun

シャッター • (shattā)


天狗

desc

→ Chinese: 天狗 (tiāngǒu) (reborrowed for the Japanese sense)

→ English: tengu

→ French: tengu

→ Korean: 텐구 (ten'gu)

→ Russian: тэ́нгу (tɛ́ngu)

Nihon Shoki
Shugendō
Tengu
Tiangou
ja:天狗

From Middle Chinese 天狗 (MC then kuwX, “heaven + dog”). First appears in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).
The Chinese version of tengu (Tiangou) was originally more of a dog-like spirit or falling star. As the term and idea were imported into Japanese, the character became associated with 修験道 (“Shugendō, a kind of syncretism of Buddhist and native Japanese elements”), and the Japanese tengu changed to resemble either a long-nosed 山伏 (yamabushi, “mountain monk”, a practitioner of Shugendō) with bright-red skin, or a crow.

天狗蝙蝠: Murina hilgendorfi

天狗蝙蝠 てんぐこうもり

天狗星

a kind of shooting star, one that includes a loud sound and a bright light

a place on a tree where many small branch grow

a microbial infection of cherry and other trees that causes a cluster of many small branch and knot

1999 September 23, “カラス天(てん)狗(ぐ) [Crow Tengu]”, in Vol.5, Konami:

An omniscient tengu. They say it uses divine power.

様々なことを知っている天狗。神通力が使えるという。

Samazama na koto o shitte iru tengu. Jintsūriki ga tsukaeru to iu.

(Japanese mythology, Shinto, folklore) a tengu, a mythical Japanese creature, typically birdlike and having a long nose


撥音

From 撥(ばち) (bachi, “pick”) + 音(おと) (oto, “sound”).

ja-compound

the sound made when playing an instrument with a pick or a drumstick


地蔵

地蔵 (canonical)
Jizō (romanization)
Dizau (romanization)
ぢざう (hiragana historical)

/dizau/ → /d͡ʑizɔː/ → /d͡ʑizoː/
Calque of Sanskrit क्षितिगर्भ (Kṣitigarbha, literally “earth womb”).

calque

(Buddhism) Short for 地蔵菩薩 (Jizō Bosatsu): Ksitigarbha, the bodhisattva who looks over children, pregnant women, travelers, and the underworld


払う

ja-verb

払(はら)う • (harau) ^(←はらふ (farafu)?)transitive godan (stem 払(はら)い (harai), past 払(はら)った (haratta))

払う (canonical)
harau (romanization)
farafu (romanization)
払い (stem)
払った (past)
払わ
はらわ
harawa
払い
はらい
harai
払う
はらう
harau
払え
はらえ
harae
払われる (passive)
はらわれる (passive)
harawareru (passive)
払わせる (causative)
払わす (causative)
はらわせる (causative)
はらわす (causative)
harawaseru (causative)
harawasu (causative)
払える (potential)
はらえる (potential)
haraeru (potential)
払おう (volitional)
はらおう (volitional)
haraō (volitional)
払わない (negative)
はらわない (negative)
harawanai (negative)
払わず (continuative negative)
はらわず (continuative negative)
harawazu (continuative negative)
払います (formal)
はらいます (formal)
haraimasu (formal)
払った (perfective)
はらった (perfective)
haratta (perfective)
払って (conjunctive)
はらって (conjunctive)
haratte (conjunctive)
払えば (conditional hypothetical)
はらえば (conditional hypothetical)
haraeba (conditional hypothetical)
払は (irrealis stem)
はらは (irrealis stem)
farafa (irrealis)
払ひ (continuative stem)
はらひ (continuative stem)
farafi (continuative)
払ふ (stem terminative)
はらふ (stem terminative)
farafu (terminative)
払ふ (attributive stem)
はらふ (attributive stem)
farafu (attributive)
払へ (realis stem)
はらへ (realis stem)
farafe (realis)
払へ (imperative stem)
はらへ (imperative stem)
farafe (imperative)
払はず (negative)
はらはず (negative)
farafazu (negative)
払へど (contrastive)
はらへど (contrastive)
farafedo (contrastive)
払へば (causative)
はらへば (causative)
farafeba (causative)
払はば (conditional)
はらはば (conditional)
farafaba (conditional)
払ひき (past)
はらひき (past)
farafiki (past)
払ひけり (past)
はらひけり (past)
farafikeri (past)
払ひつ (perfect)
はらひつ (perfect)
farafitu (perfect)
払ひぬ (perfect)
はらひぬ (perfect)
farafinu (perfect)
払へり (continuative perfect)
払ひたり (continuative perfect)
はらへり (continuative perfect)
はらひたり (continuative perfect)
faraferi (continuative perfect)
farafitari (continuative perfect)
払はむ (volitional)
はらはむ (volitional)
farafamu (volitional)

Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki
man'yōgana

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE, with the phonetic man'yōgana spelling 波羅賦.

Coordinate term: 止める

(calligraphy) to write as a sweeping stroke to the bottom right (㇏)


アニメーション

[a̠ɲ̟ime̞ːɕõ̞ɴ]

From English animation, from Latin animātiō, from animāre.


初心

From 初 (sho, “beginning stages”) + 心 (shin, “heart”).

(Buddhism) open, eager attitude to learning, as if one is a beginner


羯磨

*/kɨatɨ mʷa/ → /katuma/ → /kat͡suma/
From Middle Chinese 羯磨 (MC kjot ma), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman, literally “act, action”).
This pronunciation is prevalent in many Japanese schools of Buddhism, Tendai and Jōdo-shū to name a few.

bor

(Buddhism) karma:
a person's actions, deeds, works, etc.

confessions and/or vows to follow Buddhist precepts

(Buddhism) karma:
Short for 羯磨金剛 (katsuma kongō):


羯磨

(Shingon Buddhism) karma: same as 羯磨(かつま) (katsuma) above


レガート

[ɾe̞ɡa̠ːto̞]


剪紙

zh-l

剪紙／剪纸 (jiǎnzhǐ)


箴言

From Middle Chinese compound 箴言 (tsyim + ngjon, literally “admonish + speech”).


巫術

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 巫術 (MC mju zywit). Formerly read with the kan'on as bujutsu. Compare modern Min Nan reading bû-su̍t.
First attested in a portion of the Shoku Nihongi completed in 717.


大使館

ja-noun

大(たい)使(し)館(かん) • (taishikan) ^(←たいしくわん (taisikwan)?)

大使館 (canonical)
taishikan (romanization)
taisikwan (romanization)
たいしくわん (hiragana historical)


日本画

Japanese-style painting - Japanese paintings based on Japonism


高祖

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 高祖 (MC kaw tsuX).
First cited in Japanese in 1120.

玄孫: a descendant four generations down: a great-great-grandchild


禁錮

禁錮 (canonical)
kinko (romanization)
きんこ (hiragana historical)


禁錮

禁錮する (canonical)
kinko suru (romanization)
kinko (romanization)
禁錮し (stem)
禁錮した (past)
禁錮し
きんこし
kinko shi
禁錮する
きんこする
kinko suru
禁錮すれ
きんこすれ
kinko sure
禁錮せよ (imperative literary)
禁錮しろ (colloquial imperative)
きんこせよ (imperative literary)
きんこしろ (colloquial imperative)
kinko seyo (imperative literary)
kinko shiro (colloquial imperative)
禁錮される (passive)
きんこされる (passive)
kinko sareru (passive)
禁錮させる (causative)
禁錮さす (causative)
きんこさせる (causative)
きんこさす (causative)
kinko saseru (causative)
kinko sasu (causative)
禁錮できる (potential)
きんこできる (potential)
kinko dekiru (potential)
禁錮しよう (volitional)
きんこしよう (volitional)
kinko shiyō (volitional)
禁錮しない (negative)
きんこしない (negative)
kinko shinai (negative)
禁錮せず (continuative negative)
きんこせず (continuative negative)
kinko sezu (continuative negative)
禁錮します (formal)
きんこします (formal)
kinko shimasu (formal)
禁錮した (perfective)
きんこした (perfective)
kinko shita (perfective)
禁錮して (conjunctive)
きんこして (conjunctive)
kinko shite (conjunctive)
禁錮すれば (conditional hypothetical)
きんこすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kinko sureba (conditional hypothetical)


聖人

聖(しょう)人(にん) • (shōnin) ^(←しやうにん (syaunin)?)

聖人 (canonical)
shōnin (romanization)
syaunin (romanization)
しやうにん (hiragana historical)
せいじん (alternative hiragana)
seijin (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)

From 聖 (shō, sei, “holy; sacred”) + 人 (nin, jin, “person”), from Chinese 聖人 /圣人 (shèngrén).

af

(Buddhism) a term used to refer to Buddha or a bodhisattva


帷子

Compound of 片 (kata, “side; one-sided”) + 枚 (hira, “layer, thin flat thing”).
The kanji for this word are an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), from 帷 (tobari, “curtain”) and 子 (ko, “small thing”).

compound

(Buddhism) a special white kimono used to dress the dead for a Buddhist funeral, inscribed with the person's honorary name, an excerpt from a sutra, or a portion of a chant


摩天楼

[ma̠tẽ̞n̺ɾo̞ː]

摩 (ma, “scraping”) + 天 (ten, “sky”) + 楼 (rō, “building with two or more stories”), calque of English skyscraper.


和室

[β̞a̠ɕit͡sɨ]

Japanese-style room (as opposed to a Western-style room in a Japanese home or building)


天人

(Buddhism, mythology) heavenly spirits from Buddhist heaven


大奥

大(おお) (ō) + 奥(おく) (oku), literally "great interior".

(historical) The inner chamber (inner quarters) of the Edo Castle where the shōgun's consort, concubines, and ladies in waiting resided. Other than the shōgun, no other men were permitted entrance. Male children were raised in Ooku until the age of 7 at which time they had to move out and reside in other parts of the castle.


妖法

ja-noun

妖(よう)法(ほう) • (yōhō)


ファッション

Borrowed from English fashion.
First cited to 1886.

fashion (current (constantly changing) trend, favored for frivolous rather than practical, logical, or intellectual reasons)

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:ファッション


落窪

落窪 (canonical)
落窪 (canonical)
ochikubo (romanization)

A compound of 落(お)ち (ochi, “fallen”) + 窪(くぼ) (kubo, “depression”).

ja-compound

a place within a house lower than the regular floor, a depressed, recessed location


司馬

Holonym: 三公

(historical, government, religion, military) a position in feudal China, responsible for certain bureaucratic, religious and military affairs


体操

体操 (canonical)
taisō (romanization)
taisau (romanization)
たいさう (hiragana historical)

→ Indonesian: taiso

Apparently coined in Japanese from Middle Chinese-derived elements, as a compound of 体 (tai, “body”) + 操 (sō, “control, manipulate”). First cited in education-related materials from the early Meiji Period in the early 1870s, as part of educational reforms that included the addition of physical education to school curricula.

医療体操

医療体操 いりょうたいそう

器械体操

器械体操 きかいたいそう

国民保健体操

国民保健体操 こくみんほけんたいそう

柔軟体操

柔軟体操 じゅうなんたいそう

手具体操

手具体操 しゅぐたいそう

体操競技

体操競技 たいそうきょうぎ

徒手体操

徒手体操 としゅたいそう

美容体操

美容体操 びようたいそう

兵式体操

兵式体操 へいしきたいそう

律動体操

律動体操 りつどうたいそう

(archaic, education) physical education, PE (replaced by the term 体育 (taiiku))


月刊

monthly publication (such as a magazine)


Gt

(music) Abbreviation of ギター (gitā, “guitar (of a rock band)”).


下手

Compound of 下 (shimo, “lower”) + 手 (te, “hand”).

(theater) downstage, specifically the left side of the stage as viewed from the audience


オーケストラ

Borrowed from English orchestra, from Latin orchēstra, from Ancient Greek ὀρχήστρα (orkhḗstra).

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Orchestra
ja:オーケストラ
ja:松村明

管弦楽団

管弦楽団 かんげんがくだん


真人

(Taoism, mostly used in titles) one who has attained the Tao; immortal; true man


自行

自行 (canonical)
jigyō (romanization)
zigyau (romanization)
じぎやう (hiragana historical)


いれずみ

いれずみする (canonical)
irezumi suru (romanization)
いれずみし (stem)
いれずみした (past)
いれずみし
irezumi shi
いれずみする
irezumi suru
いれずみすれ
irezumi sure
いれずみせよ (imperative literary)
いれずみしろ (colloquial imperative)
irezumi seyo (imperative literary)
irezumi shiro (colloquial imperative)
いれずみされる (passive)
irezumi sareru (passive)
いれずみさせる (causative)
いれずみさす (causative)
irezumi saseru (causative)
irezumi sasu (causative)
いれずみできる (potential)
irezumi dekiru (potential)
いれずみしよう (volitional)
irezumi shiyō (volitional)
いれずみしない (negative)
irezumi shinai (negative)
いれずみせず (continuative negative)
irezumi sezu (continuative negative)
いれずみします (formal)
irezumi shimasu (formal)
いれずみした (perfective)
irezumi shita (perfective)
いれずみして (conjunctive)
irezumi shite (conjunctive)
いれずみすれば (conditional hypothetical)
irezumi sureba (conditional hypothetical)

入(い)れ (ire, continuative form of 入(い)れる (ireru, “to put in”)) + 墨(すみ) (sumi, “ink”). The sumi changes to zumi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

1948, 野村胡堂, 銭形平次捕物控 怪盗系図, 青空文庫:

身体は華奢な方ですが、二の腕に賽の目の三が入墨してあるところを見ると、間違いなく斑組六人男の一人でなければなりません。

斑組六人男 まだらぐみろくにんおとこ

Karada wa kyasha na hō desu ga, ni no ude ni sai no me no san ga irezumi shite aru tokoro o miru to, machigai naku Madara-gumi rokunin otoko no hitori de nakereba narimasen.

He is of slender build, but considering the fact that he has a three face of a die tattooed on his upper arm, he must be, without a doubt, one of the six men of the Madara ring.


鬼神

ja-noun

鬼(き)神(じん) or 鬼(き)神(しん) • (kijin or kishin)

鬼神 (canonical)
鬼神 (canonical)
kijin (romanization)
kishin (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 鬼神 (MC kjw+jX zyin, “devil, devilish + god, spirit”).

ltc-l

all of the spirits and souls and gods of the world

(Buddhism) someone with superhuman power or ability, such as Śakra, the ruler of heaven, or a rakshasa or demon


鬼神

Compound of 鬼 (oni, “devil, demon, malevolent spirit”) + 神 (kami, “spirit, god”). The kami changes to gami as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The term may have arisen as the native-Japanese reading of the Middle Chinese derived term kijin above. Found in the Kokin Wakashū, published in roughly 905 CE.

compound

an invisible spirit, particularly a fierce one


聴衆

ja-noun

聴(ちょう)衆(じゅ) or 聴衆(ちょうしゅ) • (chōju or chōshu) ^(←ちやうじゆ (tyauzyu)?)

聴衆 (canonical)
聴衆 (canonical)
chōju (romanization)
chōshu (romanization)
tyauzyu (romanization)
ちやうじゆ (hiragana historical)


嫌い

/kiraɸi/ → /kirawi/ → /kirai/
The 連用形 (ren’yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 嫌う (kirau, “to detest, dislike, hate”).

(poetry) in 俳諧 (haikai) and 連歌 (renga), arrangement of verses that tend to be avoided or otherwise disliked


中道

中(ちゅう)道(どう) • (chūdō) ^(←ちゆうだう (tyuudau)?)

中道 (canonical)
chūdō (romanization)
tyuudau (romanization)
ちゆうだう (hiragana historical)

ja:中道 ja:中道政治


般若

般若 (canonical)
般若 (canonical)
hannya (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 般若 (MC pan nyaeX) or 般若 (MC paen nyaeX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā) or Pali paññā (“wisdom”).

般若湯

hannyatō, obscure Buddhist priest jargon for

(Buddhism) prajñā, Buddhist transcendental wisdom


魔女

魔女 (canonical)
majo (romanization)
madyo (romanization)
まぢよ (hiragana historical)

Appears to be from Middle Chinese 魔女 (MC ma nrjoX|nrjoH).

1988 July 30 [1985 July 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “アン子(こ) 大(おお)いに怒(いか)る （赤(あか)毛(げ)のアン子(こ) 改(かい)題(だい)） [When Anko Really Gets Mad (originally titled Redheaded Anko)]”, in 宇宙船製造法 [How to Build a Spaceship] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 3), 6th edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 71:

Anko. As for the mysterious power you displayed…. It’s of a kind that has been running in your mother’s bloodline for generations since ancient times. Your ancestors seem to have come from Thessaly, Greece. They immigrated to Salem, America in the 18th century. That bloodline… basically it was…. A noted line of true witches.

アン子。きみがみせたふしぎな力はね…。きみのおかあさんの家系に、遠い昔から代だい受けつがれてきた血すじによるものだ。御先祖は、ギリシアのテッサリア地方の出らしい。18世紀にアメリカのサレムに移住している。この家系は、………つまりなんというか………。ゆいしょ正しい魔女の名門なんだよ。

Anko. Kimi ga miseta fushigi na chikara wa ne…. Kimi no okā-san no kakei ni, tōi mukashi kara daidai uketsugarete kita chisuji ni yoru mono da. Go-senzo wa, Girishia no Tessaria chihō no de rashii. Jūhasseiki ni Amerika no Saremu ni ijū shite iru. Kono kakei wa,………tsumari nan to iu ka………. Yuisho tadashii majo no meimon na n da yo.

1999 May 25, “エンジェル・魔(ま)女(じょ) [Angel-Witch]”, in BOOSTER 2, Konami:

An angel who became an aspiring witch even though she was destined to be a full-fledged angel.

天使になる運命を背負っていたが、あこがれの魔女になった天使。

Tenshi ni naru unmei o seotte ita ga, akogare no majo ni natta tenshi.

2012 May 4, “獰(どう)猛(もう)さの勝(しょう)利(り) [Triumph of Ferocity]”, in アヴァシンの帰還 [Avacyn’s Return], Wizards of the Coast:

Rid me of this curse, witch. Or go down with me.

魔女よ、この呪いを解け。でなければ道連れにしてやる。

Majo yo, kono noroi o toke. De nakereba michizure ni shite yaru.


魔法

Apparently from Middle Chinese compound 魔法 (MC ma pjop, literally “devil, magic + law, method”). Compare modern Min Nan reading mô͘-hoat.

魔法少女

魔法少女 まほうしょうじょ

The arts of magic, spellcraft, witchcraft, wizardry, sorcery.


番組

[bã̠ŋɡɯ̟mʲi]

Compound of 番(ばん) (ban, “turn”) and 組(くみ) (kumi, “set (of items)”), with the latter voiced as it is used as a suffix.

新番組


八音

ja-noun

八(はち)音(おん) or 八(はっ)音(とん) or 八(はち)音(いん) or 八(はっ)音(ちん) • (hachion or hatton or hachiin or hatchin)

八音 (canonical)
八音 (canonical)
八音 (canonical)
八音 (canonical)
hachion (romanization)
hatton (romanization)
hachiin (romanization)
hatchin (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 八音. The on reading for 音 changes to ton as an instance of renjō (連声). The in reading for 音 changes to chin as an instance of renjō (連声).

ja-renjo

(music) an ancient Chinese system of classifying musical instruments into eight materials


一切

Compound of 一 (hito, “one”) + 切り (kiri, “cut, cutting”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 切る kiru, “to cut”).

compound

the <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 切る kiru, “to cut”

(theater, performing arts) one act, one scene


オカルト

オカルト研究会／オカ研


孔子

孔子 (canonical)
孔子 (canonical)
Kōshi (romanization)
Kuji (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 孔子 (MC khuwngX tsiX).


能管

ja-noun

能(のう)管(かん) • (nōkan) ^(←のうくわん (noukwan)?)

能管 (canonical)
nōkan (romanization)
noukwan (romanization)
のうくわん (hiragana historical)

/noːkwan/ → /noːkan/
Compound of 能 (nō, “noh theater”) + 管 (kan, “pipe; wind instrument”).

compound

a transverse flute used to accompany a Japanese noh theater performance: a nohkan


鉦鼓

鉦鼓 (canonical)
shōko (romanization)
syauko (romanization)
しやうこ (hiragana historical)
鉦鼓 (canonical)
shōgo (romanization)
syaugo (romanization)
しやうご (hiragana historical)

a small gong used in the gagaku music of Japan


トンコリ

(music) peg tuned zither of the Ainu people of Hokkaido, Japan


三線

From 三 (san, “three”) + 線 (sen, “string”).

Synonym of 三味線 (shamisen): a Japanese plucked string instrument played similarly to a banjo


龍笛

Compound of 龍(りゅう) (ryū, “dragon”) + 笛(てき) (teki, “flute”)

ja-compound

(music) a dragon flute, a 40cm seven-holed transverse bamboo flute used in gagaku


篠笛

Compound of 篠 (shino, “a type of bamboo”) + 笛 (fue, “flute”). The fue changes to bue as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

compound

(music) bamboo transverse flute used in Japanese folk music


篳篥

a cylindrical double reed wind instrument used in the gagaku music of Japan


羯鼓

Five Barbarians
Jie people
Kakko (instrument)
Nara period
ja:羯鼓

Appears to be a coinage in Japanese from Middle Chinese-derived components, as a compound of 羯 (katsu, “the Jie people, part of the Five Barbarians confederation in antiquity”) + 鼓 (ko, “drum”). So called for the putative origins of the drum design, introduced to Japan during the Nara period.

(music) a small double-headed drum struck with two sticks, used in the gagaku and noh music of Japan

(Noh theater) a 羯鼓舞 (kakko mai), a kind of dance as part of a noh play, performed while playing a kakko drum held to one's chest

囃子

more generally, “[[musical]] [[accompaniment]] during a [[noh]] play”

(Noh theater) a lively kakko drum performance played during such a noh dance

(Noh theater) a 羯鼓物 (kakko mono), the fourth act in a noh play, consisting of such a dance

(dance) a 羯鼓踊り (kakko odori), a kind of folk dance performed with a kakko drum hung in front from one's neck


横笛

Compound of 横 (yoko, “sideways; horizontal”) + 笛 (fue, “flute”). The fue changes to bue as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Compare 縦笛 (tatebue), which refers to an end-blown flute held vertically.

(specifically) a kind of bamboo transverse flute used to play traditional Japanese court music


コロン

Borrowed from English cologne, from French Cologne. Doublet of ケルン (Kerun), コローニュ (Korōnyu), and コローニェ (Korōnye).


アキレス

アキレウス アキレウス#Japanese

(Roman mythology) Alternative form of アキレウス (Akireusu, “Achilles”)


アキレウス

[a̠kʲiɾe̞ɯ̟sɨ]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀχιλλεύς (Akhilleús)


フェニックス

[ɸe̞ɲ̟ik̚kɯ̟sɨ̥]


しらべ

shirabe (romanization)
sirabe (romanization)
しらべ (hiragana historical)


呪い

呪い (canonical)
noroi (romanization)
norofi (romanization)
のろひ (hiragana historical)

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 呪う (norou, “to curse someone or something”).

(fantasy, occult) a curse (supernatural detriment)


呪い

ja-noun

呪(まじな)い • (majinai) ^(←まじなひ (mazinafi)?)

呪い (canonical)
majinai (romanization)
mazinafi (romanization)
まじなひ (hiragana historical)

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 呪う (majinau, “to use a charm, to use magic”).

2007, 新時代日漢辭典 /新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局 /大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:

呪いで病気を治す

(fantasy, occult) incantation, magic spell


変ホ長調

変ホ長調 (canonical)
henhochōchō (romanization)

Compound of 変 (hen) + ホ (ho, “mi, musical note”) + 長調 (chōchō, “major key”)


不可知論

不可知論 (canonical)
fukachiron (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟̊ka̠t͡ɕiɾõ̞ɴ]

不可知 (fukachi, “unknowable”) + 論 (-ron, “theory”)


キーボード

ja-noun

キーボード • (kībōdo)


ロック

インディー・ロック・バンド


出エジプト記

ja-pos

^しゅつ-^エジプト-き

出エジプト記 (canonical)
Shutsu-Ejiputo-ki (romanization)

出 (shutsu, “ex-; out-”) + エジプト (Ejiputo, “Egypt”) + 記 (ki, “-graphy; record”)

af

Holonym: モーセ五書

Exodus (book of Torah and Old Testament)


民数記

Holonym: モーセ五書


ヨーク

ja-pos

ヨーク • (Yōku)


ホワイトハウス

the White House (official residence of the President of the United States of America)


般若波羅蜜多

ja-noun

般(はん)若(にゃ)波(は)羅(ら)蜜(みっ)多(た) or 般若波羅蜜多(はんにゃはらみた) • (hannya haramitta or hannya haramita)

般若波羅蜜多 (canonical)
般若波羅蜜多 (canonical)
hannya haramitta (romanization)
hannya haramita (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 般若波羅蜜多, itself a transcription from Sanskrit प्रज्ञापारमिता (prajñāpāramitā).

der

प्रज्ञापारमिता

観自在菩薩。行深般若波羅蜜多時。照見五蘊皆空。度一切苦厄。...

The Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, while dwelling in the deep Perfection of Wisdom, sees clearly that the five skandhas are all empty and is thus freed from all suffering.

Kanjizai Bosatsu gyō jin hannya haramitta ji shōken goun kai kū do issai kuyaku...

(Buddhism) prajnaparamita: the Perfection of (Transcendent) Wisdom

(Buddhism) the body of sutras relating to this subject


ムックリ

[mɯ̟k̚kɯ̟ɾʲi]

a kind of bamboo Jew's harp used by the Ainu people


道場

ja-noun

道(どう)場(じょう) • (dōjō) ^(←だうぢやう (daudyau)?)

道場 (canonical)
dōjō (romanization)
daudyau (romanization)
だうぢやう (hiragana historical)

English: dojo

French: dojo

Polish: dojo

/daudiau/ → /dɔːd͡ʑɔː/ → /doːʑoː/
From Middle Chinese 道場 (MC dawX drjang, literally “way + place”), itself originally a translation of Sanskrit बोधिमण्ड (bodhimaṇḍa, “seat of wisdom”).

der

place where a buddha has achieved enlightenment

a building or facility for ascetic training

(Buddhism) Short for 菩提道場 (bodai-dōjō):
(by extension) a Buddhist temple

Short for 菩提道場 (bodai-dōjō):
a Buddhist temple


箜篌

箜篌 (canonical)
箜篌 (canonical)
kugo (romanization)
kūgo (romanization)

From Old Japanese. First attested in a text from 780.
Also found with the lengthened reading kūgo. This appears to be less commonly used.

(music) a konghou, a kind of ancient Chinese harp


月琴

[ɡe̞k̚ʲkʲĩɴ]

月(げつ) (getsu, “moon”) + 琴(きん) (kin, “stringed instrument”)

ja-compound

a short-necked fretted plucked lute with a round wooden body, derived from the Chinese yueqin and formerly used in the traditional music of Japan


和声

ja-noun

和(わ)声(せい) or 和(か)声(せい) • (wasei or kasei)

和声 (canonical)
和声 (canonical)
wasei (romanization)
kasei (romanization)


喇叭

Short for 喇叭飲み (rappa-nomi, “drinking directly from the bottle”).


ロードショー

ロードショー • (rōdoshō)

From English roadshow, from the tradition of theatrical productions playing in a different city prior to officially premiering.

(film) a premiere; the first showing of a movie to a general audience


神通

神通 (canonical)
jinzū (romanization)
zinduu (romanization)
じんづう (hiragana historical)
神通 (canonical)
jintsū (romanization)

[d͡ʑĩnd͡zɨː]

From Middle Chinese 神通. First cited to a work from 810.

(Buddhism) a superpower, a divine or special talent or power, specifically one of the six abhijñā (“supernatural powers”) gained through Buddhist practice


雲鑼

From Middle Chinese compound 雲鑼 /云锣 (yúnluó, literally “cloud + gong”).

(music) yunluo, a set of gongs on a frame


軟派

Compound of 軟(なん) (nan, “soft; gentle”) + 派(は) (ha, “faction, school”). Literally, “the soft school”. The ha changes to pa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-com

(journalism) journalist who writes articles on culture, entertainment, and social relations


提琴

From Middle Chinese 提琴 (MC dej gim). Compare modern Min Nan reading thê-khîm, Cantonese tai⁴ kam⁴.

Depending on time period and region, this term may refer to the two-stringed tiqin or yehu, or to a sihu with four strings. Generally larger and with a lower range than the erhu.

a kind of traditional Chinese stringed instrument played with a bow


協奏曲

ja-noun

協(きょう)奏(そう)曲(きょく) • (kyōsōkyoku) ^(←けふそうきよく (kefusoukyoku)?)

協奏曲 (canonical)
kyōsōkyoku (romanization)
kefusoukyoku (romanization)
けふそうきよく (hiragana historical)

[kʲo̞ːso̞ːkʲo̞kɯ̟]


散調

[sã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑo̞]

(music) sanjo, a genre of traditional Korean instrumental music


排簫

排(はい)簫(しょう) • (haishō) ^(←はいせう (faiseu)?)

排簫 (canonical)
haishō (romanization)
faiseu (romanization)
はいせう (hiragana historical)


観音

ja-pos

観(かん)音(のん) • (Kannon) ^(←くわんおん (Kwan'on)?)

観音 (canonical)
Kannon (romanization)
Kwan'on (romanization)
くわんおん (hiragana historical)

English: Kannon, Kwannon

/kwan.omʉ/ → /kwan.on/ → /kwanːon/ → /kanːoɴ/
From Middle Chinese 觀音 (kwan ʔim). The on reading for 音 changes to non as an instance of renjō (連声).
Origianlly a shortening of 観世音 (Kanzeon, literally “perceiver of the world's sounds”), itself a calque of Sanskrit अवलोकितेश्वर (Avalokiteśvara).

calque

अवलोकितेश्वर

観世音菩薩 観世音菩薩#Japanese

(Buddhism) Short for 観世音菩薩 (Kanzeon Bosatsu): Avalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva of compassion; also known in some cultures as Guanyin, the goddess of mercy


上座部

[d͡ʑo̞ːza̠bɯ̟]


指名

nomination, designation, choosing a person


川柳

ja-noun

川(せん)柳(りゅう) • (senryū) ^(←せんりう (senriu)?)

川柳 (canonical)
senryū (romanization)
senriu (romanization)
せんりう (hiragana historical)

/senriu/ → /senriʲuː/ → /senrjuː/
Named after Karai Senryū (1718-1790), its creator.


川柳

川(かわ)柳(やなぎ) or 川柳(カワヤナギ) • (kawayanagi) ^(←かはやなぎ (kafayanagi) or カハヤナギ (kafayanagi)?)

川柳 (canonical)
川柳 (canonical)
kawayanagi (romanization)
kafayanagi (romanization)
かはやなぎ (hiragana historical)
カハヤナギ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 川(かわ) (kawa, “river, stream, brook”) + 柳(やなぎ) (yanagi, “willow”).