脳

脳 (canonical)
nō (romanization)
nau (romanization)
なう (hiragana historical)

/nau/ → /nɔː/ → /noː/
From Middle Chinese 腦 (MC nawX).


脳

脳 (canonical)
nazuki (romanization)
naduki (romanization)
なづき (hiragana historical)

⟨naduki₁⟩ → */nadukʲi/ → /nad͡zuki/ → /nazuki/
From Old Japanese.
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 漬く (nazuku, “to be immersed in water (or other liquid)”).


BSE

bovine spongiform encephalopathy
bovine spongiform encephalopathy

(pathology, neurology) BSE, bovine spongiform encephalopathy


ADHD

ja-noun

ADHD(エーディーエッチディー) • (ēdīetchidī)

ADHD (canonical)
ēdīetchidī (romanization)

(neurology, pathology, psychiatry, psychology) ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder


アルツハイマー病

^アルツハイマー-びょう

アルツハイマー病 (canonical)
Arutsuhaimā-byō (romanization)

[a̠ɾɯ̟t͡sɨha̠ima̠ː bʲo̞ː]

アルツハイマー (Arutsuhaimā, from German Alzheimer) + 病 (byō, “illness”)

compound

from German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Alzheimer</i>

(pathology, neurology) Alzheimer's disease


クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病

ja-noun

クロイツフェルト・ヤコブびょう

クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病 (canonical)
Kuroitsuferuto-Yakobu-byō (romanization)

[kɯ̟ɾo̞it͡sɨ̥ɸe̞ɾɯ̟to̞]

クロイツフェルト (Kuroitsuferuto, from German Creutzfeldt) + ヤコブ (Yakobu, “Jacob”) + 病 (byō, “disease”)

com

from German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Creutzfeldt</i>

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

(pathology, neurology) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

ja:クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病


狂牛病

ja-noun

狂(きょう)牛(ぎゅう)病(びょう) • (kyōgyūbyō) ^(←きやうぎうびやう (kyaugiubyau)?)

狂牛病 (canonical)
kyōgyūbyō (romanization)
kyaugiubyau (romanization)
きやうぎうびやう (hiragana historical)

[kʲo̞ːɡʲɨːbʲo̞ː]

牛海綿状脳症 牛海綿状脳症#Japanese

Synonym of 牛海綿状脳症 (ushikaimenjō nōshō, “bovine spongiform encephalopathy”); mad cow disease


中脳

中(ちゅう)脳(のう) • (chūnō)


脳幹

脳幹 (canonical)
nōkan (romanization)
naukan (romanization)
なうかん (hiragana historical)


脳梗塞

脳(のう)梗(こう)塞(そく) • (nōkōsoku) ^(←なうかうそく (naukausoku)?)

脳梗塞 (canonical)
nōkōsoku (romanization)
naukausoku (romanization)
なうかうそく (hiragana historical)

cerebrovascular accident
cerebrovascular accident

cerebrovascular insult
cerebrovascular insult

(neurology, pathology) a stroke; a cerebrovascular accident; a cerebrovascular insult


中枢神経系

ちゅうすう しんけいけい

中(ちゅう)枢(すう)神(しん)経(けい)系(けい) • (chūsū shinkeikei)

中枢神経系 (canonical)
chūsū shinkeikei (romanization)

[t͡ɕɨːsɨː ɕĩŋke̞ːke̞ː]

中枢 (chūsū, “center”) + 神経系 (shinkeikei, “nervous system”)

com

central nervous system
central nervous system


小脳

ja-noun

小(しょう)脳(のう) • (shōnō)


大脳皮質

大脳皮質 (canonical)
dainōhishitsu (romanization)


尾状核

尾状 (bijō, “caudate”) + 核 (kaku, “nucleus”)


延髄

延髄 (canonical)
enzui (romanization)
えんずい (hiragana historical)


星状膠細胞

ja-noun

星(せい)状(じょう)膠(こう)細(さい)胞(ぼう) • (seijōkōsaibō)

星状膠細胞 (canonical)
seijōkōsaibō (romanization)


末梢神経系

まっしょう しんけいけい

末(まっ)梢(しょう)神(しん)経(けい)系(けい) • (masshō shinkeikei) ^(←まつせうしんけいけい (matuseu sinkeikei)?)

末梢神経系 (canonical)
masshō shinkeikei (romanization)
matuseu sinkeikei (romanization)
まつせうしんけいけい (hiragana historical)

[ma̠ɕːo̞ː ɕĩŋke̞ːke̞ː]

末梢 (masshō, “periphery”) + 神経系 (shinkeikei, “nervous system”)

com

peripheral nervous system
peripheral nervous system


顆粒細胞

顆粒細胞 (canonical)
karyūsaibō (romanization)

A compound of 顆粒 (karyū, “granule”) + 細胞 (saibō, “cell”)


坐骨神経

坐骨神経 (canonical)
zakotsushinkei (romanization)

坐骨神経痛

坐骨神経痛 ざこつしんけいつう


坐骨神経痛

ja-noun

坐(ざ)骨(こつ)神(しん)経(けい)痛(つう) • (zakotsushinkeitsū)

坐骨神経痛 (canonical)
zakotsushinkeitsū (romanization)

[d͡za̠ko̞t͡sɨɕĩŋke̞ːt͡sɨː]


嗅神経

嗅(きゅう)神(しん)経(けい) • (kyūshinkei) ^(←きうしんけい (kiusinkei)?)

嗅神経 (canonical)
kyūshinkei (romanization)
kiusinkei (romanization)
きうしんけい (hiragana historical)

[kʲɨːɕĩŋke̞ː]


髄鞘

髄(ずい)鞘(しょう) • (zuishō) ^(←ずいせう (zuiseu)?)

髄鞘 (canonical)
zuishō (romanization)
zuiseu (romanization)
ずいせう (hiragana historical)


扁桃核

扁桃核 (canonical)
hentōkaku (romanization)


脳症

脳(のう)症(しょう) • (nōshō) ^(←なうしやう (nausyau)?)

脳症 (canonical)
nōshō (romanization)
nausyau (romanization)
なうしやう (hiragana historical)


神経痛

神経痛 (canonical)
shinkeitsū (romanization)

[ɕĩŋke̞ːt͡sɨː]


灰白質

灰(かい)白(はく)質(しつ) • (kaihakushitsu) ^(←くわいはくしつ (kwaifakusitu)?)

灰白質 (canonical)
kaihakushitsu (romanization)
kwaifakusitu (romanization)
くわいはくしつ (hiragana historical)

灰白 (kaihaku, “gray”) + 質 (shitsu, “matter”)


白質

白質 (canonical)
hakushitsu (romanization)

白 (haku, “white”) + 質 (shitsu, “matter”)


嗅脳

ja-noun

嗅(きゅう)脳(のう) • (kyūnō) ^(←きうなう (kiunau)?)

嗅脳 (canonical)
kyūnō (romanization)
kiunau (romanization)
きうなう (hiragana historical)


自律神経系

自(じ)律(りつ)神(しん)経(けい)系(けい) • (jiritsu shinkeikei)

自律神経系 (canonical)
jiritsu shinkeikei (romanization)

自律 (jiritsu, “autonomy”) + 神経系 (shinkeikei, “nervous system”)

com

autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system


神経系

神経系 (canonical)
shinkeikei (romanization)

[ɕĩŋke̞ːke̞ː]

神経 (shinkei, “nerve”) + 系 (-kei, “system”)


牛海綿状脳症

ja-noun

うしかいめんじょう のうしょう

牛(うし)海(かい)綿(めん)状(じょう)脳(のう)症(しょう) • (ushikaimenjō nōshō)

牛海綿状脳症 (canonical)
ushikaimenjō nōshō (romanization)

うしかいめんじょーのーしょー

[ɯ̟ɕika̠imẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑo̞ːno̞ːɕo̞ː]

牛 (ushi, “cattle”) + 海綿状 (kaimenjō, “spongiform”) + 脳症 (nōshō, “encephalopathy”)


パーキンソン病

パーキンソン病 (canonical)
Pākinson-byō (romanization)

[pa̠ːkʲĩɰ̃so̞m bʲo̞ː]

パーキンソン (Pākinson, “Parkinson”) + 病 (-byō, “disease”), calque of English Parkinson's disease

suf

(pathology, neurology) Parkinson's disease


筋萎縮性側索硬化症

ja-noun

きんいしゅくせい そくさく こうかしょう

筋(きん)萎(い)縮(しゅく)性(せい)側(そく)索(さく)硬(こう)化(か)症(しょう) • (kin'ishukusei sokusaku kōkashō)

筋萎縮性側索硬化症 (canonical)
kin'ishukusei sokusaku kōkashō (romanization)

[kʲĩɰ̃iɕɨkɯ̟se̞ː so̞kɯ̟sa̠kɯ̟ ko̞ːka̠ɕo̞ː]

From 筋萎縮性 (“amyotrophic”) + 側索 + 硬化症 (“sclerosis”).

af

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

(neurology, pathology) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis


ニューロン

ja-noun

ニューロン • (nyūron)

(cytology, neurology) Synonym of 神経細胞 (shinkei saibō, “nerve cell”); a neuron


神経細胞

神(しん)経(けい)細(さい)胞(ぼう) • (shinkei saibō) ^(←しんけいさいばう (sinkeisaibau)?)

神経細胞 (canonical)
shinkei saibō (romanization)
sinkeisaibau (romanization)
しんけいさいばう (hiragana historical)

From 神経 (shinkei, “nerve”) + 細胞 (saibō, “cell”).


ダウン症候群

ja-noun

^ダウン しょうこうぐん

ダウン症候群 (canonical)
Daun shōkōgun (romanization)

[da̠ɯ̟ɰ̃ ɕo̞ːko̞ːɡɯ̟̃ɴ]

Partial calque of English Down syndrome.


神経解剖学

神(しん)経(けい)解(かい)剖(ぼう)学(がく) • (shinkei kaibōgaku)

神経解剖学 (canonical)
shinkei kaibōgaku (romanization)

From 神経 (shinkei, “nerve”) + 解剖学 (kaibōgaku, “anatomy”).


ミエリン鞘

ja-noun

ミエリン鞘(しょう) • (mierin-shō) ^(←ミエリンせう (mierinseu)?)

ミエリン鞘 (canonical)
mierin-shō (romanization)
mierinseu (romanization)
ミエリンせう (historical katakana)

[mʲie̞ɾʲĩɰ̃ɕo̞ː]


弓状束

弓状束 (canonical)
kyūjōsoku (romanization)

[kʲɨːʑo̞ːso̞kɯ̟]

Apparently formed of 弓(きゅう)状(じょう) (kyūjō, “arched”) + 束(そく) (soku, “bundle”); compare Latin fasciculus arcuatus (literally “curved bundle”).

cog

2007, “Hankyū nai ridan shōkōgun [Intra-hemisphere dissection syndrome]”, in Kotobank, retrieved 2021-09-14, Sekai Daihyakka Jiten:

Destruction of the left arcuate fasciculus results in conduction aphasia, and is associated with bilateral visual agnosia, presumably due to damage to the interior longitudinal fasciculus.

左弓状束破壊によって生ずる伝導失語，両側下縦束損傷による連合型視覚失認などが想定されている。

Hidari kyūjōsoku hakai niyotte shōzuru dendō shitsugo, ryōgawa-ka jūsoku sonshō niyoru rengō-gata shikaku shitsunin nado ga sōtei sareteiru.

2015, Kikunori Shinohara, Nō kagaku ga oshiete kureta oboerareu wasurenai! Kioku jutsu [Remember and don’t forget neuroscience you’ve been taught! Mnemonic devices], page 26:

Then, connecting Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area is a bundle of interlocking neurons called the arcuate fasciculus, which form a phonological loop within working memory, supporting the linking of sounds with memories.

そして、このブローカ野とウェルニッケ野の連動、弓状束と呼ばれる神経の束による連動が、ワーキングメモリの音韻ループ、音による記憶を支えています。

Soshite, kono Burōka no to Werunikke no no rendō, kyūjōsoku to yobareru shinkei no soku niyoru rendō ga, wākingu memori no on'in rūpu, oto niyoru kioku o sasaeteimasu.

(neuroanatomy) arcuate fasciculus (a bundle of neurons connecting Broca's area and Wernicke's area)


血液脳関門

ja-noun

血(けつ)液(えき)脳(のう)関(かん)門(もん) • (ketsuekinōkanmon) ^(←けつえきなうくわんもん (ketuekinaukwanmon)?)

血液脳関門 (canonical)
ketsuekinōkanmon (romanization)
ketuekinaukwanmon (romanization)
けつえきなうくわんもん (hiragana historical)