海

⟨umi₁⟩ → */umij/ → /umi/
From Old Japanese, theorized as descending from Proto-Japonic *omi.
Has been thought to have been derived from a compound. There are two leading theories regarding the ultimate derivation:
* Shift from 大 (ō-, “big, great”) + 水 (mi, “water”, combining form).
: This is problematic phonetically because there is no known term having a related shift from /opo/ → /oː/ → /o/ → /u/, and semantically as there already exists a compound 大水 (ōmizu, “flood”).
* From う (u-, stem indicating “ocean”) + 水 (mi, “water”, combining form). The u- stem is evident in 魚 (uo, “fish”) and 潮 (ushio, “salt water; tide”), and in the 海 (una) element in various ancient terms (see below).

海を渡る

cross over the ocean → go to a foreign country

(calligraphy) in a 硯 (suzuri, “inkstone”), a reservoir where water is stored


穂

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *po.


行

行 (canonical)
gyō (romanization)
gyau (romanization)
ぎやう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 行 (MC haeng). First cited in Buddhist texts of the early 600s.
The goon pronunciation, so likely an earlier borrowing.
* For the "formations" definition, translation of Sanskrit संस्कार (saṃskāra)
* For "austerities", translation of Sanskrit चर्या (caryā)
* For "walking", translation of Sanskrit गमन (gamana)

(calligraphy) Abbreviation of 行書 (“semi-cursive script”).


ほ

ho (romanization)
fo (romanization)
ほ (hiragana historical)


字体

the form of a character that belongs to a system, such as "Old", "New", "Simplified", "Traditional", etc.; this concerns the major, systematic differences, such as which radicals to be used, or stroke counts; compare 字形 (jikei)


いけ

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE. From Proto-Japonic *ikay.

池: (calligraphy) part of an inkstone where water is stored


書法

書法 (canonical)
shohō (romanization)
syofau (romanization)
しょはう (hiragana historical)


草書

草書 (canonical)
sōsho (romanization)
sausyo (romanization)
さうしよ (hiragana historical)


楷書

ja-noun

楷(かい)書(しょ) • (kaisho) ^(←かいしよ (kaisyo)?)

楷書 (canonical)
kaisho (romanization)
kaisyo (romanization)
かいしよ (hiragana historical)

regular script: a style of Chinese characters that is square and straight-lined


払う

ja-verb

払(はら)う • (harau) ^(←はらふ (farafu)?)transitive godan (stem 払(はら)い (harai), past 払(はら)った (haratta))

払う (canonical)
harau (romanization)
farafu (romanization)
払い (stem)
払った (past)
払わ
はらわ
harawa
払い
はらい
harai
払う
はらう
harau
払え
はらえ
harae
払われる (passive)
はらわれる (passive)
harawareru (passive)
払わせる (causative)
払わす (causative)
はらわせる (causative)
はらわす (causative)
harawaseru (causative)
harawasu (causative)
払える (potential)
はらえる (potential)
haraeru (potential)
払おう (volitional)
はらおう (volitional)
haraō (volitional)
払わない (negative)
はらわない (negative)
harawanai (negative)
払わず (continuative negative)
はらわず (continuative negative)
harawazu (continuative negative)
払います (formal)
はらいます (formal)
haraimasu (formal)
払った (perfective)
はらった (perfective)
haratta (perfective)
払って (conjunctive)
はらって (conjunctive)
haratte (conjunctive)
払えば (conditional hypothetical)
はらえば (conditional hypothetical)
haraeba (conditional hypothetical)
払は (irrealis stem)
はらは (irrealis stem)
farafa (irrealis)
払ひ (continuative stem)
はらひ (continuative stem)
farafi (continuative)
払ふ (stem terminative)
はらふ (stem terminative)
farafu (terminative)
払ふ (attributive stem)
はらふ (attributive stem)
farafu (attributive)
払へ (realis stem)
はらへ (realis stem)
farafe (realis)
払へ (imperative stem)
はらへ (imperative stem)
farafe (imperative)
払はず (negative)
はらはず (negative)
farafazu (negative)
払へど (contrastive)
はらへど (contrastive)
farafedo (contrastive)
払へば (causative)
はらへば (causative)
farafeba (causative)
払はば (conditional)
はらはば (conditional)
farafaba (conditional)
払ひき (past)
はらひき (past)
farafiki (past)
払ひけり (past)
はらひけり (past)
farafikeri (past)
払ひつ (perfect)
はらひつ (perfect)
farafitu (perfect)
払ひぬ (perfect)
はらひぬ (perfect)
farafinu (perfect)
払へり (continuative perfect)
払ひたり (continuative perfect)
はらへり (continuative perfect)
はらひたり (continuative perfect)
faraferi (continuative perfect)
farafitari (continuative perfect)
払はむ (volitional)
はらはむ (volitional)
farafamu (volitional)

Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki
man'yōgana

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE, with the phonetic man'yōgana spelling 波羅賦.

Coordinate term: 止める

(calligraphy) to write as a sweeping stroke to the bottom right (㇏)


書道

書道 (canonical)
shodō (romanization)
syodau (romanization)
しよだう (hiragana historical)

書 (sho, “writing”) + 道 (-dō, “-manship”)


行書

ja-noun

行(ぎょう)書(しょ) • (gyōsho) ^(←ぎやうしよ (gyausyo)?)

行書 (canonical)
gyōsho (romanization)
gyausyo (romanization)
ぎやうしよ (hiragana historical)


清書

(calligraphy) rewriting in a cleaner hand


清書

清書する (canonical)
seisho suru (romanization)
清書し (stem)
清書した (past)
清書し
せいしょし
seisho shi
清書する
せいしょする
seisho suru
清書すれ
せいしょすれ
seisho sure
清書せよ (imperative literary)
清書しろ (colloquial imperative)
せいしょせよ (imperative literary)
せいしょしろ (colloquial imperative)
seisho seyo (imperative literary)
seisho shiro (colloquial imperative)
清書される (passive)
せいしょされる (passive)
seisho sareru (passive)
清書させる (causative)
清書さす (causative)
せいしょさせる (causative)
せいしょさす (causative)
seisho saseru (causative)
seisho sasu (causative)
清書できる (potential)
せいしょできる (potential)
seisho dekiru (potential)
清書しよう (volitional)
せいしょしよう (volitional)
seisho shiyō (volitional)
清書しない (negative)
せいしょしない (negative)
seisho shinai (negative)
清書せず (continuative negative)
せいしょせず (continuative negative)
seisho sezu (continuative negative)
清書します (formal)
せいしょします (formal)
seisho shimasu (formal)
清書した (perfective)
せいしょした (perfective)
seisho shita (perfective)
清書して (conjunctive)
せいしょして (conjunctive)
seisho shite (conjunctive)
清書すれば (conditional hypothetical)
せいしょすれば (conditional hypothetical)
seisho sureba (conditional hypothetical)


正体

(calligraphy, typography, of a Han character) the "standard", most recognized form


書き初め

書き初め (canonical)
kakizome (romanization)

kakizome, or the first calligraphy written at the beginning of a year


止める

ja-verb

止(と)める • (tomeru) transitive ichidan (stem 止(と)め (tome), past 止(と)めた (tometa))

止める (canonical)
tomeru (romanization)
止め (stem)
止めた (past)
止め
とめ
tome
止める
とめる
tomeru
止めれ
とめれ
tomere
止めよ (imperative literary)
止めろ (colloquial imperative)
とめよ (imperative literary)
とめろ (colloquial imperative)
tomeyo (imperative literary)
tomero (colloquial imperative)
止められる (passive)
とめられる (passive)
tomerareru (passive)
止めさせる (causative)
止めさす (causative)
とめさせる (causative)
とめさす (causative)
tomesaseru (causative)
tomesasu (causative)
止められる (potential)
止めれる (colloquial potential)
とめられる (potential)
とめれる (colloquial potential)
tomerareru (potential)
tomereru (colloquial potential)
止めよう (volitional)
とめよう (volitional)
tomeyō (volitional)
止めない (negative)
止めぬ (negative)
止めん (negative)
とめない (negative)
とめぬ (negative)
とめん (negative)
tomenai (negative)
tomenu (negative)
tomen (negative)
止めず (continuative negative)
とめず (continuative negative)
tomezu (continuative negative)
止めます (formal)
とめます (formal)
tomemasu (formal)
止めた (perfective)
とめた (perfective)
tometa (perfective)
止めて (conjunctive)
とめて (conjunctive)
tomete (conjunctive)
止めれば (conditional hypothetical)
とめれば (conditional hypothetical)
tomereba (conditional hypothetical)

Coordinate term: 払う

(calligraphy) to write as a thrown stroke to the bottom right (㇔)


みずいれ

mizuire (romanization)
miduire (romanization)
みづいれ (hiragana historical)

tray for holding water that will be used on an inkstone


カリグラフィー

[ka̠ɾʲiɡɯ̟ɾa̠ɸʲiː]

Borrowed from English calligraphy, from French calligraphie, from Ancient Greek καλλιγραφία (kalligraphía).

der

calligraphy (art of writing with decorative strokes)


達筆

skilful writing (of calligraphy, text, etc.)


永字八法

ja-noun

永(えい)字(じ)八(はっ)法(ぽう) • (eiji happō) ^(←えいじはつぱふ (eizifatupafu)?)

永字八法 (canonical)
eiji happō (romanization)
eizifatupafu (romanization)
えいじはつぱふ (hiragana historical)

From 永字 (eiji, “永 kanji”) + 八 (hachi, “eight”) + 法 (hō, “principle”).
The hō changes to pō as an instance of rendaku (連濁)..

com

(calligraphy) the Eight Principles of Yǒng

側 (soku) or 点 (ten, literally “point”), the first

the Eight Principles of Yǒng
勒 (roku), the second

the Eight Principles of Yǒng
努 (do), the third

趯 (teki) or 跳ね (hane, literally “jump”), the fourth

the Eight Principles of Yǒng
策 (saku), the fifth

掠 (ryaku) or 左払い (hidari harai, literally “left sweep”), the sixth

the Eight Principles of Yǒng
啄 (taku), the seventh

磔 (taku), 捺 (natsu), or 右払い (migi harai, literally “right sweep”), the eighth


真書

(Chinese calligraphy) Synonym of 楷書 (kaisho, “regular script”)


真書

(Chinese calligraphy) fine brush used for writing Chinese characters in the regular script


江戸文字

江戸文字 (canonical)
Edo moji (romanization)

From 江戸(えど) (Edo, “Edo”) + 文字(もじ) (moji, “characters”).

ja-compound

(calligraphy and typography) "Edo characters", distinctive calligraphic (and later, typographic) styles that were born in the Edo period


運筆

the way in which a calligrapher moves the brush


花押

花押 (canonical)
kaō (romanization)
kwaafu (romanization)
くわあふ (hiragana historical)


五体

Meronyms: 行書 (gyōsho, “semicursive”), 真書 (shinsho, “regular”), 草書 (sōsho, “cursive”), 篆書 (tensho, “seal”), 隷書 (reisho, “clerical”)

Meronyms: 古文 (kobun, “ancient”), 小篆 (shōten, “small seal”), 大篆 (daiten, “large seal”), 八分 (happun, “bafen”), 隷書

(calligraphy, typography) the five principal East Asian calligraphic/typographic styles of Chinese origin


すずりばこ

→ English: suzuribako, suzuri-bako

From 硯(すずり) (suzuri, “inkstone”) + 箱(はこ) (hako, “box”).


余白

余白 (canonical)
yohaku (romanization)
yofaku (romanization)
よはく (hiragana historical)


花字

花字 (canonical)
kaji (romanization)
kwazi (romanization)
くわじ (hiragana historical)


筆脈

筆脈 (canonical)
hitsumyaku (romanization)

(calligraphy) the flow between two disconnected strokes


悪筆

ja-noun

悪(あく)筆(ひつ) • (akuhitsu) ^(←あくひつ (akufitu)?)

悪筆 (canonical)
akuhitsu (romanization)
akufitu (romanization)
あくひつ (hiragana historical)


書写体

書写体 (canonical)
shoshatai (romanization)

(calligraphy) non-standard character forms (旧字体, 異体字, 変体仮名, etc.) used in calligraphy


連綿体

連(れん)綿(めん)体(たい) • (renmentai) ^(←れんめんたい (renmentai)?)

連綿体 (canonical)
renmentai (romanization)
れんめんたい (hiragana historical)

[ɾẽ̞mːẽ̞nta̠i]

en:Cursive script (East Asia)#Styles
ja:連綿体


衣毛

(calligraphy) white decorative bristles on a brush surrounding the main bristles