教科書

教(きょう)科(か)書(しょ) • (kyōkasho) ^(←けうくわしよ (keukwasyo)?)

教科書 (canonical)
kyōkasho (romanization)
keukwasyo (romanization)
けうくわしよ (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 教科書／教科书 (jiàokēshū)

→ Korean: 교과서(敎科書) (gyogwaseo)


棺槨

ja-noun

棺(かん)槨(かく) • (kankaku) ^(←くわんくわく (kwankwaku)?)

棺槨 (canonical)
kankaku (romanization)
kwankwaku (romanization)
くわんくわく (hiragana historical)

[kã̠ŋka̠kɯ̟ᵝ]


ソーダ

ソーダ • (sōda)

Daijirin
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:NHK出版
ja:NHK放送文化研究所
ja:ソーダ

Borrowed from Dutch soda.
First cited to a work from 1833.


如是

Daijisen
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Sangyō Gisho
Shōbōgenzō
ja:三経義疏
ja:勝鬘経義疏
ja:松村明
ja:正法眼蔵

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 如是 (MC nyo dzyeX). Used to translate Sanskrit एवम् (evam, “such, thus”).
First cited to the Buddhist text 勝鬘経義疏 (Shōmangyō Gisho), part of the 三経義疏 (Sangyō Gisho) dated to 611. The text is written in 漢文 (kanbun), a kind of specialized Classical Chinese adapted slightly for Japanese readers. The first citation in a definitively Japanese-language text might not be until the 正法眼蔵 (Shōbōgenzō) compiled during the years 1231–53.

(Buddhism) short for 十如是 (jū-nyoze): the ten thusnesses of the Tendai sect

十如是

(Buddhism) expression of approval of something said by another person


吉日

吉日 (canonical)
kichijitsu (romanization)


吉日

吉日 (canonical)
kichinichi (romanization)


吉日

吉日 (canonical)
kitsujitsu (romanization)


暖簾

curtain hung in doorways, etc. typically found in shops

(business) goodwill, community standing (intangible benefits derived from a positive reputation)


人獣共通感染症

じんじゅう きょうつう かんせんしょう

人(じん)獣(じゅう)共(きょう)通(つう)感(かん)染(せん)症(しょう) • (jinjū kyōtsū kansenshō)

人獣共通感染症 (canonical)
jinjū kyōtsū kansenshō (romanization)

[d͡ʑĩɲ̟d͡ʑɨᵝː kʲo̞ːt͡sɨᵝː kã̠ɰ̃sẽ̞ɰ̃ɕo̞ː]

Compound of 人 (jin, “person”) + 獣 (jū, “beast, animal”) + 共通 (kyōtsū, “common, shared”) + 感染症 (kansenshō, “infectious disease”).

compound

しんじゅうきょうつうかんせんしょう'

(medicine) zoonosis, more specifically, amphixenosis: a disease that can infect both humans and animals

動物原性感染症

動物原性感染症 どうぶつげんせいかんせんしょう

人獣伝染病

人獣伝染病 じんじゅうでんせんびょう


フレンチトースト

[ɸɯ̟ᵝɾẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕi to̞ːsɨᵝto̞]


火鉢

→ English: hibachi

Compound of 火 (hi, “fire”) + 鉢 (hachi, “bowl”). The hachi changes to bachi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

金玉火鉢

金玉火鉢 きんたまひばち

宣徳火鉢

宣徳火鉢 せんとくひばち

辻番火鉢

辻番火鉢 つじばんひばち

雪丸火鉢

雪丸火鉢 ゆきまるひばち


定律

ボイルの定律
Boiru no teiritsu
Boyle's law

(sciences) a description of a natural phenomenon or principle, a physical law


慣性

ja-noun

慣(かん)性(せい) • (kansei) ^(←くわんせい (kwansei)?)

慣性 (canonical)
kansei (romanization)
kwansei (romanization)
くわんせい (hiragana historical)


阮咸

A long-necked fretted round-bodied plucked lute of Chinese origin, used in Japan since at least the Nara period.


辣油

辣油(ラーユ) • (rāyu)


指関節

指関節 (canonical)
shikansetsu (romanization)


共産党

日本共産党


長槍

From 長 (naga, “long”) + 槍 (yari, “spear”).

海底を支配していると言われる、海皇に仕える長槍兵。深く暗い海の底から襲いかかる長槍の連続攻撃は、深海魚たちに恐れられている。

2012 June 16, “海皇の長槍兵 [Pikeman of the Sea Lord]”, in STRUCTURE DECK 海皇の咆哮 [STRUCTURE DECK: Roar of the Sea Lord], Konami

These pikemen serves the Sea Lord who is said to reign over the depths. Deep-sea fish fear streams of pike attacks from the deep, gloomy sea floor.

Kaitei o shihai shite iru to iwareru, Kaiō ni tsukaeru nagayarihei. Fukaku kurai umi no soko kara osoikakaru nagayari no renzoku kōgeki wa, shinkaigyo-tachi ni osorerarete iru.


兄貴

兄貴 (canonical)
兄貴 (canonical)
aniki (romanization)

お父さん！髪長くてかっこいいね！すごく若々しい！
Otō-san! Kami nagakute kakkoī ne! Sugoku wakawakashii!
Dad! You looked so cool with long hair! And so young!
そりゃ兄貴だ。

1993 April 16, “夫婦ゲンカはネコが食う？ [Would a Cat Eat a Marital Dispute?]”, in みかん絵日記 (みかん絵日記) [Mikan Picture Diary], episode 23, spoken by Tōjirō Kusanagi (Tarako as Mikan Kusanagi and Kenichi Ono), CBC, via TBS

a big brother (someone who is considered one's senior)


兄貴

兄貴 (canonical)
兄貴 (canonical)
Aniki (romanization)

(informal) A nickname for older or muscular men, but especially including:

(Internet slang) Billy Herrington, gay porn actor


露出形

露出形 (canonical)
roshutsukei (romanization)

[ɾo̞ɕɨᵝt͡sɨᵝke̞ː]

Compound of 露出 (roshutsu, “exposure, exposed”) + 形 (-kei, “form”).

suffix

in Japanese morphology, a type of apophony found in word-final form caused by derivational suffixes


被覆形

被覆形 (canonical)
hifukukei (romanization)

Literally "embedded form". Compound of 被覆 (hifuku) and 形 (-kei).

in Japanese morphology, a type of apophony typically found in compounds: a bound form


異形態

(linguistics) a variant form of a morpheme; an allomorph


膠着語

ja-noun

膠(こう)着(ちゃく)語(ご) • (kōchakugo) ^(←かうちやくご (kautyakugo)?)

膠着語 (canonical)
kōchakugo (romanization)
kautyakugo (romanization)
かうちやくご (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ːt͡ɕa̠kɯ̟ᵝɡo̞]

膠着 (kōchaku, “adhesion”) + 語 (-go, “language”)


近代

modern times, variously described as encompassing the Renaissance, the Age of Discovery, the Reformation and the rise of modern capitalism; or from the Meiji Restoration to the end of the Pacific War, which is then followed by 現代 (gendai)


意訳

意訳する (canonical)
iyaku suru (romanization)
意訳し (stem)
意訳した (past)
意訳し
いやくし
iyaku shi
意訳する
いやくする
iyaku suru
意訳すれ
いやくすれ
iyaku sure
意訳せよ (imperative literary)
意訳しろ (colloquial imperative)
いやくせよ (imperative literary)
いやくしろ (colloquial imperative)
iyaku seyo (imperative literary)
iyaku shiro (colloquial imperative)
意訳される (passive)
いやくされる (passive)
iyaku sareru (passive)
意訳させる (causative)
意訳さす (causative)
いやくさせる (causative)
いやくさす (causative)
iyaku saseru (causative)
iyaku sasu (causative)
意訳できる (potential)
いやくできる (potential)
iyaku dekiru (potential)
意訳しよう (volitional)
いやくしよう (volitional)
iyaku shiyō (volitional)
意訳しない (negative)
いやくしない (negative)
iyaku shinai (negative)
意訳せず (continuative negative)
いやくせず (continuative negative)
iyaku sezu (continuative negative)
意訳します (formal)
いやくします (formal)
iyaku shimasu (formal)
意訳した (perfective)
いやくした (perfective)
iyaku shita (perfective)
意訳して (conjunctive)
いやくして (conjunctive)
iyaku shite (conjunctive)
意訳すれば (conditional hypothetical)
いやくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
iyaku sureba (conditional hypothetical)

to translate liberally, to translate the meaning


祝詞

ja-noun

祝詞(のりと) or 祝詞(のっと) or 祝詞(のと) • (norito or notto or noto)

祝詞 (canonical)
祝詞 (canonical)
祝詞 (canonical)
norito (romanization)
notto (romanization)
noto (romanization)

a prescribed set of formalized phrases offered before gods; a liturgy


風土記

[ɸɯ̟ᵝdo̞kʲi]

/ɸuːdoki/ → /ɸudoki/ → /fudoki/
Shift from earlier fūdoki.

a geographical text typically containing information about local history, customs, legends, etc.; compare English gazetteer


風土記

[ɸɯ̟ᵝdo̞kʲi]

(historical) common name for Nara-period topographical texts compiled by an imperial decree of Empress Genmei


十三

ja-pos

十(じゅう)三(さん) • (jūsan) ^(←じふさん (zifusan)?)

十三 (canonical)
jūsan (romanization)
zifusan (romanization)
じふさん (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑɨᵝːsã̠ɴ]

十三回忌

十三回忌 じゅうさんかいき

十三階段

十三階段 じゅうさんかいだん

十三経

十三経 じゅうさんぎょう


十三

十(じゅう)三(ぞう) • (Jūzō)

[d͡ʑɨᵝːzo̞ː]


おしゃぶり

[o̞ɕa̠bɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

御 (o-, honorific prefix) + しゃぶり (shaburi, stem of しゃぶる (shaburu, “to suck”)).

pre

stem of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">しゃぶる</i> (shaburu, “to suck”)


方丈

ja-noun

方(ほう)丈(じょう) • (hōjō) ^(←はうぢやう (faudyau)?)

方丈 (canonical)
hōjō (romanization)
faudyau (romanization)
はうぢやう (hiragana historical)

such a room or building; often inhabited by Buddhist monks


黄泉竈食い

黄泉(よもつ)竈(へ)食(ぐ)い • (yomotsuhegui) ^(←よもつへぐひ (yomotufegufi)?)

黄泉竈食い (canonical)
yomotsuhegui (romanization)
yomotufegufi (romanization)
よもつへぐひ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 黄泉(よも) (yomo) + つ (tsu, genitive marker) + 竈食(へぐ)い (hegui).

ja-compound

712: Kojiki
爾伊邪那美命答白、悔哉、不速來。吾者爲黄泉戸喫。

720: Nihon Shoki
吾已湌泉之竃矣。 [...] 湌泉之竃、此云譽母都俳遇比

eating food prepared from the kettle in the underworld; it is believed that once this food is eaten, the dead may never return to the land of the living


黄泉醜女

黄泉醜女 (canonical)
yomo tsu shikome (romanization)

Compound of 黄泉 (yomo, “underworld, land of the dead”, combining form) + つ (tsu, genitive marker) + 醜女 (shikome, “ferocious and ugly demoness who lives in the land of the dead”).

compound

712: Kojiki
於是伊邪那岐命、見畏而逃還之時、其妹伊邪那美命、言令見辱吾、即遣豫母都志許賣此六字以音。令追。

于時、伊奘冉尊恨曰、何不用要言、令吾恥辱、乃遣泉津醜女八人、一云、泉津日狹女、追留之。

ferocious and ugly demon women of the underworld


UMA

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from U + M + A, coined as an acronym of unidentified mysterious animal by analogy with UFO (yūfō).

pseudo-loan

……ただのビッグフットなんてこの世に存在しねェェェェ‼なんでこんな所に伝説のUMAが生息してんだァァ‼なんでビッグフットがスニーカーはいってんだァ！

2011 July 9, Hideaki Sorachi, “第三百四十五訓 かまくらはどんだけ頑張って作っても次の日にはどっかのクソガキに壊される [Lesson 345: Even When You Give Your All to Building a Quinzhee, There Will Be A Brat Destroying It the Next Day]”, in 銀魂 (銀魂) [Silver Soul], volume 40 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha

……There’s no such thing as Bigfoot!! Why would a legendary cryptid be living here!? And why would Bigfoot even wear sneakers for fudge’s sake?

……Tada no Biggufutto nan te kono yo ni sonzaishi neeeee‼ Nan de konna tokoro ni densetsu no yūma ga seisokushiten daaa‼ Nan de Biggufutto ga sunīkā haitten dā!


暗黒面

暗黒面 (canonical)
ankokumen (romanization)

[ã̠ŋko̞kɯ̟ᵝmẽ̞ɴ]

Compound of 暗黒(あんこく) (ankoku, “darkness”) + 面(めん) (men, “side, face”).


暗黒物質

ja-noun

暗(あん)黒(こく)物(ぶっ)質(しつ) • (ankoku busshitsu)

暗黒物質 (canonical)
ankoku busshitsu (romanization)

[ã̠ŋko̞kɯ̟ᵝ bɯ̟ᵝɕːi̥t͡sɨᵝ]

From 暗黒 (ankoku, “dark”) + 物質 (busshitsu, “matter”). Appears to be a calque of English dark matter.


良民

ja-noun

良(りょう)民(みん) • (ryōmin) ^(←りやうみん (ryaumin)?)

良民 (canonical)
ryōmin (romanization)
ryaumin (romanization)
りやうみん (hiragana historical)


Indicating the start of a part in a song.


十時

From 十(じゅう) (jū, “ten”) + 時(じ) (ji, “o'clock”).


七時

ja-noun

七(しち)時(じ) or 七時(ななじ) • (shichi-ji or nanaji)

七時 (canonical)
七時 (canonical)
shichi-ji (romanization)
nanaji (romanization)

From 七(しち) (shichi, “seven”) + 時(じ) (ji, “o'clock”).


八時

From 八(はち) (hachi, “eight”) + 時(じ) (ji, “o'clock”).


十一時

十一時 (canonical)
jūichi-ji (romanization)

[d͡ʑɨᵝːit͡ɕiʑi]

From 十一(じゅういち) (jūichi, “eleven”) + 時(じ) (ji, “o'clock”).


九時

From 九(く) (ku, “nine”) + 時(じ) (ji, “o'clock”).


五時

From 五(ご) (go, “five”) + 時(じ) (ji, “o'clock”).


六時

From 六(ろく) (roku, “six”) + 時(じ) (ji, “o'clock”).


十二時

[d͡ʑɨᵝːɲ̟iʑi]

From 十二(じゅうに) (jūni, “twelve”) + 時(じ) (ji, “o'clock”).


二時

From 二(に) (ni, “two”) + 時(じ) (ji, “o'clock”).


三時

From 三(さん) (san, “three”) + 時(じ) (ji, “o'clock”).


四時

ja-noun

四(し)時(じ) or 四(しい)時(じ) • (shiji or shīji)

四時 (canonical)
四 (しい)時 (canonical)
shiji (romanization)
shīji (romanization)
四時 (canonical)
yoji (romanization)


稲荷

/inanari/ → /inari/
Originally a compound of 稲 (ina, “rice plant”) + 生り (nari), the stem form of verb 生る (naru, “to fruit, to go to seed”).
The 荷 character is ateji, in reference to "bearing".

稲荷大神: God Inari

稲荷大神 いなりおおかみ

稲荷神社

稲荷神社 いなりじんじゃ

a shrine dedicated to the god Inari, usually with a statue of a fox in front

稲荷講: an Inari shrine association in Kyōto

(Shinto): god of harvests, fertility, rice, agriculture, foxes, industry, and worldly success


部屋子

Compound of 部屋 (heya, “room”) + 子 (ko, “child”).

an adult son residing with his parents; generally has not yet or can not come into family inheritance

a female servant working in a daimyō, ōoku, or other high-ranking house

a young kabuki apprentice entrusted to a mentor


鯖缶

鯖 (saba, “mackerel”), ateji (当て字) for サーバー (sābā, “server”) + 缶 (kan, “can”) ateji for 管理者 (kanrisha, “administrator”)


漬物

Compound of 漬 (tsuke, stem of verb 漬ける (tsukeru), “to pickle”) + 物 (mono, “thing”).

compound

漬物石

a big stone put on the cover of a barrel or jar of pickles


南蛮漬け

南蛮漬け (canonical)
nanbanzuke (romanization)

a Japanese dish similar to the South American escabeche, which consists of fried fish that is marinated in vinegar and other ingredients


(computing) abbreviation of NEC PC-9801, a type of laptop computer sold by NEC starting from 1982


(computing) Alternative spelling of PC98 (PC98): the NEC PC-9801


区点

(computing) row and cell identifying a character in JIS encodings


火器

火器 (canonical)
kaki (romanization)
kwaki (romanization)
くわき (hiragana historical)

/kwaki/ → /kaki/
From Middle Chinese compound 火器 (*xwa^X khijᴴ, literally “fire + vessel”). Compare modern Mandarin 火器 (huǒqì).


三蔵

(Buddhism) a high-ranking priest or monk who has mastered all of the Tripiṭaka canons


新語

(linguistics) neologism, new word, word of recent origin


ベクトル

(computer science) vector (a one-dimensional array)


竜胆

ja-noun

竜(りゅう)胆(たん) • (ryūtan) ^(←りうたん (riutan)?)

竜胆 (canonical)
ryūtan (romanization)
riutan (romanization)
りうたん (hiragana historical)

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(traditional Chinese medicine) rhizome of Gentiana scabra var. buergeri


巫女

Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Meiji Jingu
Miko
ja:巫女

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 神(み) (mi, “spirit, god”) + 子(こ) (ko, “child”), as suggested by the alternative spelling 神子.
Formerly spelled as 巫 on its own. The modern kanji spelling 巫女 appears to be jukujikun (熟字訓).

ja-compound

An unmarried woman who serves at a Shintō shrine, helping to receive visitors and performing 神楽 (kagura) dances at ceremonies, among other responsibilities. A shrine maid.


名乗り

(linguistics) nanori, Japanese readings of kanji characters that are used for names of people or places


木霊

Compound of 木(こ) (ko, “tree”) + 霊(たま) (tama, “spirit”). /ko/ is an older and apophonic form of /ki/ found in compounds.

a tree spirit; the protective deity of a tree


魑魅魍魎

ja-noun

魑(ち)魅(み)魍(もう)魎(りょう) • (chimimōryō) ^(←ちみまうりやう (timimauryau)?)

魑魅魍魎 (canonical)
chimimōryō (romanization)
timimauryau (romanization)
ちみまうりやう (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕimʲi mo̞ːɾʲo̞ː]

Borrowing from Chinese 魑魅魍魎／魑魅魍魉 (chīmèi wǎngliǎng), equivalent to 魑(ち)魅(み) (chimi, “mountain and forest monsters”) + 魍(もう)魎(りょう) (mōryō, “mountain, stream, and tree spirits”).

ja-compound

the various monsters and spirits (of the forests, mountains, and rivers)


醜女

ja-noun

醜(ぶ)女(おんな) • (buonna) ^(←ぶをんな (bwonna)?)

醜女 (canonical)
buonna (romanization)
bwonna (romanization)
ぶをんな (hiragana historical)

[bɯ̟ᵝõ̞nːa̠]

Compound of 醜 (bu, “ugly”) + 女 (onna, “woman”).


醜女

Compound of 醜 (shiko, “ugly; ferocious”) + 女 (me, “woman”).

compound

an ugly demon-woman or hag from the underworld


醜女

ja-noun

醜(しゅう)女(じょ) • (shūjo) ^(←しうぢよ (siudyo)?)

醜女 (canonical)
shūjo (romanization)
siudyo (romanization)
しうぢよ (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese compound 醜女／丑女 (tsyhuw^X nrjo^X, literally “ugly + woman”). Compare modern Mandarin reading chǒu nǚ.


半夏

name for Pinellia ternata used in Chinese medicine

See also: 夏安居 (keango)

(Buddhism) the 45th day of the 90 day summer retreat


乳香

乳(にゅう)香(こう) • (nyūkō) ^(←にうかう (niukau)?)

乳香 (canonical)
nyūkō (romanization)
niukau (romanization)
にうかう (hiragana historical)

[ɲ̟ɯ̟ᵝːko̞ː]


南沙参

南沙参 (canonical)
nanshashin (romanization)

the roots of 釣鐘人参 (tsuriganeninjin, “Adenophora triphylla var. japonica”), used in medicine


甘草

甘(かん)草(ぞう) or 甘草(カンゾウ) • (kanzō) ^(←かんざう (kanzau)?)

甘草 (canonical)
甘草 (canonical)
kanzō (romanization)
kanzau (romanization)
かんざう (hiragana historical)


紫菀

紫菀 (canonical)
Shion (romanization)
しおに (alternative hiragana)
Shioni (Rōmaji)
しをに (hiragana historical)
しえん (alternative hiragana)
Shien (Rōmaji)
しゑん (hiragana historical)

Alternative spelling of 紫苑: a female given name


木香

木(もっ)香(こう) or 木香(モッコウ) • (mokkō)

木香 (canonical)
木香 (canonical)
mokkō (romanization)

(traditional Chinese medicine) costus roots


香薷

香薷 (canonical)
koju (romanization)
kauzyu (romanization)
かうじゅ (hiragana historical)

薙刀香薷

薙刀香薷 なぎなたこうじゅ

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried 薙刀香薷 (naginata kōju) flower stems


暴雨

Compound of 群(むら) (mura, “gather”) + 雨(さめ) (same, “rain”). Literally rain that falls when clouds gather together.


暴雨

Compound of 速(はや) (haya, “fast”) + 雨(さめ) (same, “rain”).


弾頭

From Middle Chinese 彈頭 (MC danH duw, literally “shell, shot + head”).

ltc-l

(weaponry, archaic) the pointy end of an artillery shell


升麻

rhizomes of 晒菜升麻 (sarashinashōma, “baneberry”), used in traditional Chinese medicine

ja:ショウマ (植物の名)

晒菜升麻

晒菜升麻 さらしなしょうま

鳥足升麻

鳥足升麻 とりあししょうま

類葉升麻

類葉升麻 るいようしょうま


白芷

白芷 (canonical)
白芷 (canonical)
byakushi (romanization)

[bʲa̠kɯ̟ᵝɕi]

Angelica dahurica
Angelica dahurica#Translingual

Angelica dahurica, additionally, its root used in traditional Chinese medicine


SIer

ja-noun

SIer(エスアイヤー) or SIer(エスアイアー) • (esuaiyā or esuaiā)

SIer (canonical)
SIer (canonical)
esuaiyā (romanization)
esuaiā (romanization)

システムインテグレーター システムインテグレーター#Japanese

(technology) Short for システムインテグレーター (shisutemu integurētā, “system integrator”).


殺戮

殺戮の神、モーギス


殺戮

殺戮する (canonical)
satsuriku suru (romanization)
殺戮し (stem)
殺戮した (past)
殺戮し
さつりくし
satsuriku shi
殺戮する
さつりくする
satsuriku suru
殺戮すれ
さつりくすれ
satsuriku sure
殺戮せよ (imperative literary)
殺戮しろ (colloquial imperative)
さつりくせよ (imperative literary)
さつりくしろ (colloquial imperative)
satsuriku seyo (imperative literary)
satsuriku shiro (colloquial imperative)
殺戮される (passive)
さつりくされる (passive)
satsuriku sareru (passive)
殺戮させる (causative)
殺戮さす (causative)
さつりくさせる (causative)
さつりくさす (causative)
satsuriku saseru (causative)
satsuriku sasu (causative)
殺戮できる (potential)
さつりくできる (potential)
satsuriku dekiru (potential)
殺戮しよう (volitional)
さつりくしよう (volitional)
satsuriku shiyō (volitional)
殺戮しない (negative)
さつりくしない (negative)
satsuriku shinai (negative)
殺戮せず (continuative negative)
さつりくせず (continuative negative)
satsuriku sezu (continuative negative)
殺戮します (formal)
さつりくします (formal)
satsuriku shimasu (formal)
殺戮した (perfective)
さつりくした (perfective)
satsuriku shita (perfective)
殺戮して (conjunctive)
さつりくして (conjunctive)
satsuriku shite (conjunctive)
殺戮すれば (conditional hypothetical)
さつりくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
satsuriku sureba (conditional hypothetical)


夏枯草

(traditional Chinese medicine) flower spikes of self-heal used in medicine


玄参

玄参 (canonical)
玄参 (canonical)
genshin (romanization)

root of the figwort, especially Scrophularia buergeriana


射干

From Middle Chinese 射干 (MC yaeH kan), from Sanskrit सृगाल (sṛgāla, “jackal”).
Doublet of ジャッカル (jakkaru, “jackal”), via English jackal, Turkish çakal and Persian شغال (šağâl).

(Chinese mythology) a legendary evil beast similar to a fox

(theater) a Noh mask with the visage of the Chinese fox spirit


大黄

大(だい)黄(おう) or 大黄(ダイオウ) • (daiō)

大黄 (canonical)
大黄 (canonical)
daiō (romanization)


石菖蒲

石菖蒲 (canonical)
sekishōbu (romanization)

rhizome of the Japanese rush or Japanese sweet flag (Acorus gramineus, an herb in traditional Chinese medicine for treating coma and stroke symptoms.)


炭酸

From 炭 (tan, “coal”, also in 炭素 (tanso, “carbon”)) + 酸 (san, “acid”), calque of Dutch koolzuur, koolstofzuur (literally “carbon acid; coalstuff sour”). Coined by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1834 in his book 遠西医方名物考補遺 (“炭酸”).

af

also in <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">炭素</i> (tanso, “carbon”)


肉桂

ja-noun

肉(にっ)桂(けい) or 肉桂(ニッケイ) • (nikkei) ^(←にくけい (nikukei)?)

肉桂 (canonical)
肉桂 (canonical)
nikkei (romanization)
nikukei (romanization)
にくけい (hiragana historical)


牽牛子

(traditional Chinese medicine) morning glory seeds, used in medicine


茶碗蒸し

茶碗蒸し (canonical)
chawanmushi (romanization)


申し申し

ja-pos

申(もう)し申(もう)し • (mōshi mōshi) ^(←まうしまうし (mausimausi)?)

申し申し (canonical)
mōshi mōshi (romanization)
mausimausi (romanization)
まうしまうし (hiragana historical)

/mauɕi mauɕi/ → /mɔːɕi mɔːɕi/ → /moːɕi moːɕi/
Reduplication of 申し (mōshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 申す (mōsu, “to speak”, humble form). Mōshi mōshi literally means "speaking speaking", and was used in the first telephone experiment in Japan, quite similar to the English “checking, checking” or “testing, testing” used when testing audio equipment. In modern parlance, it is used more like English “hello”, only just on the telephone, or figuratively when trying to get through to someone.

(telephony) a common Japanese telephone greeting: hello; used when answering the telephone


サウンドトラック

[sa̠ɯ̟̃ᵝndo̞to̞ɾa̠k̚kɯ̟ᵝ]

(music, film, television) soundtrack (the sound (especially the music) component of a movie)


オーガズム

[o̞ːɡa̠zɨᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


グノーシス主義

グノーシス主義 (canonical)
gunōshisu shugi (romanization)

[ɡɯ̟ᵝno̞ːɕi̥sɨᵝ ɕɨᵝɡʲi]

From グノーシス (gunōshisu, “gnosis”) + 主義 (shugi, “ism”).


割り下

割り下 (canonical)
warishita (romanization)

(cooking) Japanese sauce usually made of sake, sugar and soy sauce, used for preparing various boiling water pot dishes, such as sukiyaki.


大黒柱

大黒柱 (canonical)
daikokubashira (romanization)

(construction, architecture) The large, central pillar that holds up a traditional Japanese house.


品切れ

品切れ (canonical)
shinagire (romanization)

From 品 (shina, “article of merchandise, goods”) + 切れ (kire, “expiration of, depletion of”).


カンナダ語

カンナダ語 (canonical)
Kannadago (romanization)


品位

品位 (canonical)
hin'i (romanization)
fin'wi (romanization)
ひんゐ (hiragana historical)


品位

品位 (canonical)
hon'i (romanization)
fon'wi (romanization)
ほんゐ (hiragana historical)

(history) a 律令 (ritsuryō) ranking system for 親王 (shinnō, “princes”) and 内親王 (naishinnō, “princesses”)


神籬

/hi₁boro₂ki₁/: [piborəki] → [piboroki] → [ɸiboroki] → [çiboroki]. From earlier himoroki. Medial bilabial -m- looses nasality and becomes a plosive -b-.

(Shinto), a holy area surrounded by a barrier of trees; used as a place to summon and worship gods


商標

ja-noun

商(しょう)標(ひょう) • (shōhyō) ^(←しやうへう (syaufeu)?)

商標 (canonical)
shōhyō (romanization)
syaufeu (romanization)
しやうへう (hiragana historical)


プロトアクチニウム

[pɯ̟ᵝɾo̞to̞a̠kɯ̟̊ᵝt͡ɕiɲ̟iɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]

ja:プロトアクチニウム


キュリウム

[kʲɨᵝɾʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


トリウム

[to̞ɾʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


ノーベリウム

[no̞ːbe̞ɾʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


ローレンシウム

[ɾo̞ːɾẽ̞ɰ̃ɕiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


ドブニウム

[do̞bɯ̟ᵝɲ̟iɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


ボーリウム

[bo̞ːɾʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


マイトネリウム

[ma̠ito̞ne̞ɾʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


フェルミウム

[ɸe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝmʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


メンデレビウム

[mẽ̞nde̞ɾe̞bʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


世界最古の職業

せかい さいこ の しょくぎょう

世(せ)界(かい)最(さい)古(こ)の職(しょく)業(ぎょう) • (sekai saiko no shokugyō)

世界最古の職業 (canonical)
sekai saiko no shokugyō (romanization)

Calque of English the world's oldest profession.

calque

world's oldest profession
world's oldest profession

(euphemistic) the world's oldest profession


コンドーム

[kõ̞ndo̞ːmɯ̟ᵝ]

Borrowed from German Kondom, from English condom, or from French condom.

a condom (flexible sleeve worn on the penis)

Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:コンドーム
ja:松村明


アンペア

Borrowed from English ampere, from French ampère.


懲罰

[t͡ɕo̞ːba̠t͡sɨᵝ]


懲罰

懲罰する (canonical)
chōbatsu suru (romanization)
懲罰し (stem)
懲罰した (past)
懲罰し
ちょうばつし
chōbatsu shi
懲罰する
ちょうばつする
chōbatsu suru
懲罰すれ
ちょうばつすれ
chōbatsu sure
懲罰せよ (imperative literary)
懲罰しろ (colloquial imperative)
ちょうばつせよ (imperative literary)
ちょうばつしろ (colloquial imperative)
chōbatsu seyo (imperative literary)
chōbatsu shiro (colloquial imperative)
懲罰される (passive)
ちょうばつされる (passive)
chōbatsu sareru (passive)
懲罰させる (causative)
懲罰さす (causative)
ちょうばつさせる (causative)
ちょうばつさす (causative)
chōbatsu saseru (causative)
chōbatsu sasu (causative)
懲罰できる (potential)
ちょうばつできる (potential)
chōbatsu dekiru (potential)
懲罰しよう (volitional)
ちょうばつしよう (volitional)
chōbatsu shiyō (volitional)
懲罰しない (negative)
ちょうばつしない (negative)
chōbatsu shinai (negative)
懲罰せず (continuative negative)
ちょうばつせず (continuative negative)
chōbatsu sezu (continuative negative)
懲罰します (formal)
ちょうばつします (formal)
chōbatsu shimasu (formal)
懲罰した (perfective)
ちょうばつした (perfective)
chōbatsu shita (perfective)
懲罰して (conjunctive)
ちょうばつして (conjunctive)
chōbatsu shite (conjunctive)
懲罰すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ちょうばつすれば (conditional hypothetical)
chōbatsu sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[t͡ɕo̞ːba̠t͡sɨᵝ]


元老院

ja-pos

元(げん)老(ろう)院(いん) • (Genrōin) ^(←げんらうゐん (genrawin)?)

元老院 (canonical)
Genrōin (romanization)
genrawin (romanization)
げんらうゐん (hiragana historical)

[ɡẽ̞nɾo̞ːĩɴ]

From 元老 (genrō, “elderly statesman”) + 院 (-in, “institution”).

suf

the Senate (Roman Senate; Japan's Senate; Canada's, the Philippines', France's, Spain's, Italy's, Thailand's and Malaysia's upper house)


上院

ja-noun

上(じょう)院(いん) • (jōin) ^(←じやうゐん (zyawin)?)

上院 (canonical)
jōin (romanization)
zyawin (romanization)
じやうゐん (hiragana historical)

Holonym: 議会

アメリカ合衆国上院


婚約者

婚約者 (canonical)
kon'yakusha (romanization)

[kõ̞ɰ̃ja̠kɯ̟̊ᵝɕa̠]

From 婚約 (kon'yaku, “marital engagement”) + 者 (-sha, “-er”).


岳父

(rare, literary) one's wife's father: a man's father-in-law


長ける

ja-verb

長(た)ける • (takeru) ichidan (stem 長(た)け (take), past 長(た)けた (taketa))

長ける (canonical)
takeru (romanization)
長け (stem)
長けた (past)

From earlier consonant stem 長く (taku); became vowel stem take- when the conclusive was overtaken by the attributive form which ultimately resulted in the shift from lower bigrade to lower monograde conjugation class. Cognate with 高 (taka, “height”), 高い (takai, “high, tall”), 丈 (take, “height”), 岳 (take, “peak”).

to rise high
to grow late; to come to an end


殿下

ja-noun

殿(でん)下(か) or 殿(てん)下(が) • (denka or tenga)

殿下 (canonical)
殿下 (canonical)
denka (romanization)
tenga (romanization)

皇太子殿下 / 皇嗣殿下

三笠宮殿下

敬宮殿下

Her Imperial Highness the Princess Toshi

秩父宮妃殿下

Her Imperial Highness the Princess (Consort) Chichibu

高松宮両殿下

Their Imperial Highnesses the Prince and Princess (Consort) Takamatsu

エディンバラ公フィリップ王配殿下

His Royal Highness the Prince (Consort) Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

(monarchy) Your Highness; His Highness; Her Highness


ドライバー

desc

→ Hakka: 多拉把 (tô-lai-pá, tô-lai-pà, tò-lái-pà)

→ Hokkien: 螺賴把／螺赖把 (lo͘-lài-bà)

(computing) driver, a program acting as interface between an application and hardware


歯石

歯石 (canonical)
shiseki (romanization)
siseki (romanization)
しせき (hiragana historical)


国民党

ja-pos

国(こく)民(みん)党(とう) • (Kokumintō) ^(←こくみんたう (kokumintau)?)

国民党 (canonical)
Kokumintō (romanization)
kokumintau (romanization)
こくみんたう (hiragana historical)

(politics) Japan Nation Party. See Wikipedia: Japan Nation Party


二極管

二極管 (canonical)
nikyokukan (romanization)

[ɲ̟ikʲo̞kɯ̟̊ᵝkã̠ɴ]


大地

大(たい)地(ち) or 大(だい)地(ち) • (Taichi or Daichi)

大地 (canonical)
大地 (canonical)
Taichi (romanization)
Daichi (romanization)


ラグビー

[ɾa̠ɡɯ̟ᵝbʲiː]

rugby (a sport where players can hold or kick an ovoid ball)

ja:ラグビー (曖昧さ回避)


刀子

刀子 (canonical)
tōsu (romanization)
tausu (romanization)
たうす (hiragana historical)
刀子 (canonical)
tōshi (romanization)
tausi (romanization)
たうし (hiragana historical)


木工

/mokuku/ → /moku/
Old Japanese. A sequence of two identical syllables would commonly be collapsed into one syllable.


水田

paddy field, especially one filled with water; rice paddy, paddy


エンジニア

(engineering) engineer, a person qualified or professionally engaged in engineering


デーヴァナーガリー

デーヴァナーガリー • (Dēvanāgarī)

[de̞ːba̠na̠ːɡa̠ɾʲiː]

From Sanskrit देवनागरी (devanāgarī), compound of देव (deva, “deity, divine”) + नगर (nagara, “town, city”).

Devanagari (abugida alphabet of India and Nepal)

ja:デーヴァナーガリー


刑事

宇宙刑事ギャバン


シャワー

ja-noun

シャワー • (shawā)

(physics) shower (a cascade of secondary particles produced when high-energy particles enter dense matter)


尿道

尿(にょう)道(どう) • (nyōdō) ^(←ねうだう (neudau)?)

尿道 (canonical)
nyōdō (romanization)
neudau (romanization)
ねうだう (hiragana historical)


正常位

正常 (seijō, “normal”) + 位 (i, “position”)


お手洗い

御(お) (o-, honorific prefix) + 手(て)洗(あら)い (tearai, “hand washing”)

ja-compound

お手洗いはどこですけえ。

a restroom, a toilet, a lavatory, a bathroom


二三

二三枚の葉が枯菊の茂みに落ちた

1905–06, Natsume Sōseki, I Am a Cat (text here)

a few leaves fell onto the thicket of withered chrysanthemum

nisan-mai no ha ga karegiku no shigemi ni ochita


霊気

ja-noun

霊(れい)気(き) or 霊(れい)気(ぎ) or 霊(りょう)気(げ) • (reiki or reigi or ryōge) ^(←りやうげ (ryauge)?)

霊気 (canonical)
霊気 (canonical)
霊気 (canonical)
reiki (romanization)
reigi (romanization)
ryōge (romanization)
ryauge (romanization)
りやうげ (hiragana historical)

a spiritual/spirit world aura/energy, the presence of a spirit or of the spirit world

(anime, manga) qi or life-force, spiritual power or energy


霊気

霊気 (canonical)
霊気 (canonical)
Reiki (romanization)

alternative medicine
alternative medicine#English

reiki (a Japanese technique of alternative medicine)


弓矢

弓(ゆみ)矢(や) or 弓(きゅう)矢(し) • (yumiya or kyūshi)

弓矢 (canonical)
弓矢 (canonical)
yumiya (romanization)
kyūshi (romanization)


コミカライズ

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from comic + -al + -ize; equivalent to English comicalize.

pseudo-loan

the adaptation of a work into a comic book form from another media, such as a light novel or anime.


グリーンランド人

グリーンランド人 (canonical)
gurīnrandojin (romanization)

(nationality) Greenlandic, a Greenlandic person


ソール

ja-noun

ソール • (sōru)


足下

Compound of 足 (ashi, “foot, feet”) + 元 (moto, “base; foundation; origin”). Note that the moto portion can be spelled variously as 元, 下, or 許.

compound

(theater) hakama, trousers, leg coverings in general

(theater) footlights in the backstage area to illuminate walkways


ソウル

[so̞ɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]

(religion, folklore) Synonym of 魂 (tamashī, “soul”)


ミーム学

ミーム学 (canonical)
mīmugaku (romanization)


デポジット

deposit, that is, money placed in an account

deposit, such as when renting an apartment; security money, guarantee


ひひ

ひひ (canonical)
ヒヒ (canonical)
hihi (romanization)


ジム

From English gym, shortened from gymnasium.


リーダー

ja-noun

リーダー • (rīdā)

a leader (principal article in a newspaper)

a leader (a piece of material at the beginning or end of a reel or roll to allow the material to be threaded or fed onto something, as a reel of film onto a projector or a roll of paper onto a rotary printing press)


リーダー

リーダー • (rīdā)

３点リーダー

(typography, printing) a leader (a row of dots, periods, or hyphens, used in tables of contents, etc., to lead the eye across a space to the right word or number)


リーダー

リーダー • (rīdā)

大英図書館が所蔵する天草版『平家物語』『伊曽保物語』『金句集』は、16世紀の日本を訪れたキリスト教宣教師の日本語学習向けに編集された読本（リーダー）です。
Daiei Toshokan ga shozō suru Amakusaban “Heike Monogatari”“Isoho Monogatari”“Kinkushū” wa, jūroku-seiki no Nihon o otozureta Kirisutokyō senkyōshi no Nihongo gakushū muke ni henshū sareta dokuhon (rīdā) desu.
The British Library’s Amakusa edition of ‘Feiqe no monogatari’ [Heike monogatari], ‘Esopo no fabulas’ [Isoho monogatari] and ‘Qincuxu’ [Kinkushū] is a reader compiled to help Christian missionaries, who came to Japan in the 16th century, learn Japanese.

2019, 大英図書館所蔵天草版『平家物語』『伊曽保物語』『金句集』画像


預金

deposit (money placed in an account); bank account


プロモーション

(marketing) promotion, advertising materials or messages intended to increase sales


放送

放送 (canonical)
hōsō (romanization)
fausou (romanization)
はうそう (hiragana historical)

Term attested in the mid-Taishō period.
Wasei-kango compound of 放(ほう) (hō, “release”) + 送(そう) (sō, “send”).

ja-compound

放送時間

broadcast (a radio or TV transmission on air)

放送大学

放送大学 ほうそうだいがく


放送

放送する (canonical)
hōsō suru (romanization)
放送し (stem)
放送した (past)
放送し
ほうそうし
hōsō shi
放送する
ほうそうする
hōsō suru
放送すれ
ほうそうすれ
hōsō sure
放送せよ (imperative literary)
放送しろ (colloquial imperative)
ほうそうせよ (imperative literary)
ほうそうしろ (colloquial imperative)
hōsō seyo (imperative literary)
hōsō shiro (colloquial imperative)
放送される (passive)
ほうそうされる (passive)
hōsō sareru (passive)
放送させる (causative)
放送さす (causative)
ほうそうさせる (causative)
ほうそうさす (causative)
hōsō saseru (causative)
hōsō sasu (causative)
放送できる (potential)
ほうそうできる (potential)
hōsō dekiru (potential)
放送しよう (volitional)
ほうそうしよう (volitional)
hōsō shiyō (volitional)
放送しない (negative)
ほうそうしない (negative)
hōsō shinai (negative)
放送せず (continuative negative)
ほうそうせず (continuative negative)
hōsō sezu (continuative negative)
放送します (formal)
ほうそうします (formal)
hōsō shimasu (formal)
放送した (perfective)
ほうそうした (perfective)
hōsō shita (perfective)
放送して (conjunctive)
ほうそうして (conjunctive)
hōsō shite (conjunctive)
放送すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ほうそうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
hōsō sureba (conditional hypothetical)

「先生、いまラジオが臨時ニュースを放送しています。

1939, 海野十三, 人造人間エフ氏

Teacher, they're giving a special newscast on the radio right now.

“Sensei, ima rajio ga rinji nyūsu o hōsō shite imasu.


征夷大将軍

ja-noun

せい.い たいしょうぐん

せい.い たいしやうぐん

征(せい)夷(い)大(たい)将(しょう)軍(ぐん) • (seii taishōgun) ^(←せいいたいしやうぐん (seii taisyaugun)?)

征夷大将軍 (canonical)
seii taishōgun (romanization)
seii taisyaugun (romanization)
せいいたいしやうぐん (hiragana historical)

[ta̠iɕo̞ːɡɯ̟̃ᵝɴ]

Compound of 征夷 (seii, “warring against barbarians”) + 大将軍 (taishōgun, “commander in chief”).

com

(military, historical) a commander of an expeditionary force sent to conquer and subdue the Emishi people

(military, politics, historical) a shogun, hereditary chief executive of a shogunate


雄黄

雄黄 (canonical)
yūō (romanization)
yuwau (romanization)
ゆうわう (hiragana historical)

/juːwau/ → /juːwɔː/ → /juːoː/
From Middle Chinese compound 雄黃／雄黄 (hjuwng hwang, literally “male + yellow”), indicating the mineral realgar, in contrast to 雌黄 (tsiɛ hwang, literally “female + yellow”), indicating the mineral orpiment.
Due to similarities between the two minerals, when the term was borrowed into Japanese, the meaning changed from realgar to orpiment.


雄黄

雄黄 (canonical)
oō (romanization)
wowau (romanization)
をわう (hiragana historical)

/wowau/ → /owɔː/ → /ooː/
Compound of 雄 (o, “male”, from Old Japanese) + 黄 (ō, “yellow”, from Middle Chinese).

compound

(rare, possibly obsolete) orpiment, an arsenic sulfide mineral


雄黄

From Old Japanese. Compound of 黄 (ki, “yellow”) + 丹 (ni, “earth, reddish earth”). The kanji are ateji, borrowed from the Chinese term.
Cognate and homophone of 雌黄 (kini, “orpiment”). Only differentiated by spelling.

(rare, possibly obsolete) realgar, an arsenic sulfide mineral


沙参

沙参 (canonical)
沙参 (canonical)
shashin (romanization)

the roots of 釣鐘人参 (tsuriganeninjin, “Adenophora triphylla var. japonica”), used in medicine


茉莉

From Middle Chinese 茉莉 (MC mat lej), from Sanskrit मालती (mālatī) or मल्लिका (mallikā).


茉莉

茉莉 (canonical)
茉莉 (canonical)
Mari (romanization)

Borrowed from English Mary. The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).


茉莉

ja-pos

茉莉(まりい) or 茉莉(マリー) • (Marī)

茉莉 (canonical)
茉莉 (canonical)
Marī (romanization)

Borrowed from English Marie. The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).


茉莉

茉莉(じゃすみん) or 茉莉(ジャスミン) or 茉莉(じゃずみん) or 茉莉(ジャズミン) • (Jasumin or Jazumin)

茉莉 (canonical)
茉莉 (canonical)
茉莉 (canonical)
茉莉 (canonical)
Jasumin (romanization)
Jazumin (romanization)

[d͡ʑa̠sɨᵝmʲĩɴ]

[d͡ʑa̠zɨᵝmʲĩɴ]

Borrowed from English Jasmine. The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).


生地

生地 (canonical)
kiji (romanization)
kidi (romanization)
きぢ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 生 (ki, “crude, pure, raw”) + 地 (ji, “earth; skin”).


かがみ

佳々実, 佳々美, 加々美, 加賀実, 輝命, 香美: a female given name


上座

(theater) the right side of the stage as viewed from the audience; stage left


上座

(religion) an experienced priest who leads a religious organization

(Buddhism) chief priest, senior priest; one of the sankō, the three priests who administer certain Buddhist temples

(Zen Buddhism) one of the ranks for monks in the Sōtō school of Zen Buddhism


瞑目

From Middle Chinese compound 瞑目 (meng? mjuwk, literally “closed eyes + eye”).
A mixed reading, using the kan'on for 瞑 (mei) and the goon for 目 (moku), so the reading likely shifted after the initial borrowing.
First cited to a work from 857.


重賞

ja-noun

重(じゅう)賞(しょう) • (jūshō)


紫陽花

Hydrangea macrophylla
Man'yōshū
Tōkyō
Wamyō Ruijushō
ja:アジサイ
man'yōgana

/adisawi/ → /ad͡ʑisai/
From Old Japanese. Recorded in the Man'yōshū of c. 759 CE with the phonetic man'yōgana spellings 味狭藍 (adisawi) and 安治佐為 (adisawi), and in the Wamyō Ruijushō dictionary of 938 CE with the phonetic spelling 阿豆佐為 (adusawi, atusawi).
Ultimate derivation unknown. Some sources suggest that this comes from 集真藍 (adi sa-awi, literally “gathering + pure indigo”). However, this is problematic phonetically, as there is no evidence for any classical or ancient verb 集 (adu, modern azu) that would conjugate to adi (modern aji). The closest with this meaning would be 厚 (atsu), stem of the adjective 厚い (atsui, “thick; packed together”) and root of the classical verb 集む (atsumu, “to gather together”), modern 集める (atsumeru, transitive) and 集まる (atsumaru, intransitive), and this atu (modern atsu) never showed signs of voicing to adu (modern azu), let alone shifting the final vowel from -u to -i. This theory is also problematic semantically, as the hydrangea's color range never includes colors as dark as pure indigo.
Alternatively, the initial adi may be from 味 (ancient adi, modern aji; literally “flavor”), also used as an adjective referring to something good, preferable, or favorable. The sawi may be from -s- as an ancient possessive infix (see also 春雨 (harusame, “spring rain”), 真っ青 (massao, “pure blue, really blue”), 荒稲 (arashine, “unhulled rice”)) and awi from 藍 (ancient awi, modern ai; “indigo”, also used in some contexts to simply mean “blue”).
The spelling is borrowed from Chinese 紫陽花／紫阳花 (zǐyánghuā), literally meaning “purple sun flower”, and is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).


紫陽花

ja-pos

紫陽花(しょうこ) or 紫陽花(しよか) or 紫陽花(はるか) • (Shōko or Shiyoka or Haruka)

紫陽花 (canonical)
紫陽花 (canonical)
紫陽花 (canonical)
Shōko (romanization)
Shiyoka (romanization)
Haruka (romanization)


病状

ja-noun

病(びょう)状(じょう) • (byōjō)

(medicine) symptom (of an illness); condition of a patient


花弁

花弁 (canonical)
kaben (romanization)
kwaben (romanization)
くわべん (hiragana historical)


起毛

起毛 (canonical)
kimō (romanization)
kimou (romanization)
きもう (hiragana historical)


起毛

起毛する (canonical)
kimō suru (romanization)
kimou (romanization)
起毛し (stem)
起毛した (past)
起毛し
きもうし
kimō shi
起毛する
きもうする
kimō suru
起毛すれ
きもうすれ
kimō sure
起毛せよ (imperative literary)
起毛しろ (colloquial imperative)
きもうせよ (imperative literary)
きもうしろ (colloquial imperative)
kimō seyo (imperative literary)
kimō shiro (colloquial imperative)
起毛される (passive)
きもうされる (passive)
kimō sareru (passive)
起毛させる (causative)
起毛さす (causative)
きもうさせる (causative)
きもうさす (causative)
kimō saseru (causative)
kimō sasu (causative)
起毛できる (potential)
きもうできる (potential)
kimō dekiru (potential)
起毛しよう (volitional)
きもうしよう (volitional)
kimō shiyō (volitional)
起毛しない (negative)
きもうしない (negative)
kimō shinai (negative)
起毛せず (continuative negative)
きもうせず (continuative negative)
kimō sezu (continuative negative)
起毛します (formal)
きもうします (formal)
kimō shimasu (formal)
起毛した (perfective)
きもうした (perfective)
kimō shita (perfective)
起毛して (conjunctive)
きもうして (conjunctive)
kimō shite (conjunctive)
起毛すれば (conditional hypothetical)
きもうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kimō sureba (conditional hypothetical)


紫石英

紫石英 (canonical)
shisekiei (romanization)

紫(し) (shi, “purple”) + 石(せき)英(えい) (sekiei, “quartz”).


ホワイトホール

[ho̞ɰᵝa̠ito̞ ho̞ːɾɯ̟ᵝ]


紫水晶

ja-noun

紫(むらさき)水(ずい)晶(しょう) • (murasakizuishō) ^(←むらさきずいしゃう (murasakizuisyau)?)

紫水晶 (canonical)
murasakizuishō (romanization)
murasakizuisyau (romanization)
むらさきずいしゃう (hiragana historical)

[mɯ̟ᵝɾa̠sa̠kʲizɨᵝiɕo̞ː]

紫(むらさき) (murasaki, “purple”) + 水(すい)晶(しょう) (suishō, “crystal”).


サ行変格活用

ja-noun

さ-ぎょう へんかく かつよう

さ-ぎやう へんかく くわつよう

サ行変格活用(ぎょうへんかくかつよう) • (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō) ^(←さぎやうへんかくくわつよう (sa-gyau fenkaku kwatuyou)?)

サ行変格活用 (canonical)
sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō (romanization)
sa-gyau fenkaku kwatuyou (romanization)
さぎやうへんかくくわつよう (hiragana historical)

さぎょーへんかくかつよー

[sa̠ɡʲo̞ː hẽ̞ŋka̠kɯ̟ᵝ ka̠t͡sɨᵝjo̞ː]

Compound of サ行 (sa-gyō, “sa-row”) + 変格活用 (henkaku katsuyō, “irregular conjugation”).

com

(grammar) a verbal conjugation class in which the verb stem ends in s-

上一段活用

一段活用 いちだんかつよう


カ行変格活用

ja-noun

か-ぎょう へんかく かつよう

か-ぎやう へんかく くわつよう

カ行変格活用(ぎょうへんかくかつよう) • (ka-gyō henkaku katsuyō) ^(←かぎやうへんかくくわつよう (ka-gyau fenkaku kwatuyou)?)

カ行変格活用 (canonical)
ka-gyō henkaku katsuyō (romanization)
ka-gyau fenkaku kwatuyou (romanization)
かぎやうへんかくくわつよう (hiragana historical)

かぎょーへんかくかつよー

かぎょーへんかくかつよー

[ka̠ɡʲo̞ː hẽ̞ŋka̠kɯ̟ᵝ ka̠t͡sɨᵝjo̞ː]

Compound of カ行 (kagyō, “ka-row”) + 変格活用 (henkaku katsuyō, “irregular conjugation”).

com

(grammar) a verbal conjugation class in which the verb stem ends in k-, with minor historical changes

サ行変格活用

行変格活用 ぎょうへんかくかつよう

ナ行変格活用

行変格活用 ぎょうへんかくかつよう

ラ行変格活用

行変格活用 ぎょうへんかくかつよう


ラ行変格活用

ja-noun

ら-ぎょう へんかく かつよう

ら-ぎやう へんかく くわつよう

ラ行変格活用(ぎょうへんかくかつよう) • (ra-gyō henkaku katsuyō) ^(←らぎやうへんかくくわつよう (ra-gyau fenkaku kwatuyou)?)

ラ行変格活用 (canonical)
ra-gyō henkaku katsuyō (romanization)
ra-gyau fenkaku kwatuyou (romanization)
らぎやうへんかくくわつよう (hiragana historical)

らぎょーへんかくかつよー

らぎょーへんかくかつよー

[ɾa̠ɡʲo̞ː hẽ̞ŋka̠kɯ̟ᵝ ka̠t͡sɨᵝjo̞ː]

Compound of ラ行 (ra-gyō, “ra-row”) + 変格活用 (henkaku katsuyō, “irregular conjugation”).

com

(Classical Japanese grammar) a verbal conjugation class in which the verb stem ends in r- with four irregular bases: -a, -i, -u, and -e


五段活用

ja-noun

五(ご)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) • (godan katsuyō) ^(←ごだんくわつよう (godan kwatuyou)?)

五段活用 (canonical)
godan katsuyō (romanization)
godan kwatuyou (romanization)
ごだんくわつよう (hiragana historical)

[ɡo̞dã̠ŋ ka̠t͡sɨᵝjo̞ː]

Compound of 五段 (godan, “quintigrade, five-grade”) + 活用 (katsuyō, “conjugation”).
Literally, 五段 (godan, “five grades”) refers to how the inflected endings are located in the gojūon table. It means five vowels are involved, since each 段 (dan, “row”) of the table contains one vowel. Thus, this can be understood as "five-voweled conjugation".

com

An extension of the earlier 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”) class.

The fifth base, -o, is a pseudo-base derived from the suffix う (-u) attaching to the irrealis conjugation stem that ends in -a, resulting in あう (-au), which phonologically regularly elides into [oː].

(grammar) a verbal conjugation class consisting of five alternating bases: -a, -i, -u, -e, and -o


上二段活用

ja-noun

上(かみ)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) • (kami nidan katsuyō) ^(←かみにだんくわつよう (kaminidankwatuyou)?)

上二段活用 (canonical)
kami nidan katsuyō (romanization)
kaminidankwatuyou (romanization)
かみにだんくわつよう (hiragana historical)

Compound of 上 (kami, “upper”) + 二段活用 (nidan katsuyō, “bigrade conjugation”).
Literally, 上二段 (kami nidan, “upper bigrade”) refers to how the inflected endings are located in the gojūon table. 上 (kami, “upper”) means the vowel イ (i), which is written above the vowel エ (e), the other inflection-related vowel. 二段 (nidan, “two grades”) means two vowels are involved, since each 段 (dan, “row”) of the table contains one vowel. Thus this can be understood as “two-voweled conjugation in i”.

com

(Classical Japanese grammar) a verbal conjugation class which has the following inflections: -i/-i/-u/-uru/-ure/-i[yo]


下一段活用

ja-noun

しも いちだん かつよう

下(しも)一(いち)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) • (shimo ichidan katsuyō) ^(←しもいちだんくわつよう (simoitidankwatuyou)?)

下一段活用 (canonical)
shimo ichidan katsuyō (romanization)
simoitidankwatuyou (romanization)
しもいちだんくわつよう (hiragana historical)

Compound of 下 (shimo, “lower”) + 一段活用 (ichidan katsuyō, “monograde conjugation”).
Literally, 下一段 (shimo ichidan) refers to how the inflected endings are located in the gojūon table. 下 (shimo) means the vowel e, which is written beneath the vowel i, the other inflection-related vowel. 一段 (ichidan, “one grade”) means only one vowel is involved, since each 段 (dan, “row”) of the table contains one vowel. Thus, this can be understood as "one-voweled conjugation in e".

com

(grammar) a verbal conjugation class in which the stem ends in -e:


下二段活用

ja-noun

下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) • (shimo nidan katsuyō) ^(←しもにだんくわつよう (simonidankwatuyou)?)

下二段活用 (canonical)
shimo nidan katsuyō (romanization)
simonidankwatuyou (romanization)
しもにだんくわつよう (hiragana historical)

[ɕimo̞ ɲ̟idã̠ŋ ka̠t͡sɨᵝjo̞ː]

Compound of 下 (shimo, “lower”) + 二段活用 (nidan katsuyō, “bigrade conjugation”).
Literally, 下二段 (shimo nidan, “lower bigrade”) refers to how the inflected endings are located in the gojūon table. 下 (shimo, “lower”) means the vowel e, which is written “below” the vowel i, the other inflection-related vowel. 二段 (nidan, “two grades”) means two vowels are involved, since each 段 (dan, “row”) of the table contains one vowel. Thus this can be understood as “two-voweled conjugation in e”.

com

(Classical Japanese grammar) a verbal conjugation class with the following inflections: -e/-e/-u/-uru/-ure/-e[yo]


四段活用

ja-noun

四(よ)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) • (yodan katsuyō) ^(←よだんくわつよう (yodankwatuyou)?)

四段活用 (canonical)
yodan katsuyō (romanization)
yodankwatuyou (romanization)
よだんくわつよう (hiragana historical)

Compound of 四段 (yodan, “quadrigrade, four-grade”) + 活用 (katsuyō, “conjugation”).

com

(Classical Japanese grammar) a verbal conjugation class consisting of four alternating bases: -a, -i, -u, and -e


上一段活用

ja-noun

かみ いちだん かつよう

上(かみ)一(いち)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) • (kami ichidan katsuyō) ^(←かみいちだんくわつよう (kamiitidankwatuyou)?)

上一段活用 (canonical)
kami ichidan katsuyō (romanization)
kamiitidankwatuyou (romanization)
かみいちだんくわつよう (hiragana historical)

Compound of 上 (kami, “upper”) + 一段活用 (ichidan katsuyō, “monograde conjugation”).
Literally, 上一段 (kami ichidan, “upper monograde”) refers to how the inflected endings are located in the gojūon table. 上 (kami, “upper”) means the vowel i, which is written above the vowel e, the other inflection-related vowel. 一段 (ichidan, “one grade”) means only one vowel is involved, since each 段 (dan, “row”) of the table contains one vowel. Thus this can be understood as “one-voweled conjugation in i”.

com

(grammar) a verbal conjugation class in which the verb stem ends in -i and consists of four alternating bases: -i, -iru, -ire, and -iyo/-iro


ナ行変格活用

ja-noun

な-ぎょう へんかく かつよう

なぎやうへんかくくわつよう

ナ行変格活用(ぎょうへんかくかつよう) • (na-gyō henkaku katsuyō) ^(←なぎやうへんかくくわつよう (nagyaufenkakukwatuyou)?)

ナ行変格活用 (canonical)
na-gyō henkaku katsuyō (romanization)
nagyaufenkakukwatuyou (romanization)
なぎやうへんかくくわつよう (hiragana historical)

なぎょーへんかくかつよー

なぎょーへんかくかつよー

[na̠ɡʲo̞ː hẽ̞ŋka̠kɯ̟ᵝ ka̠t͡sɨᵝjo̞ː]

Compound of ナ行 (na-gyō, “na-row”) + 変格活用 (henkaku katsuyō, “irregular conjugation”).

com

(Classical Japanese grammar) a verbal conjugation class in which the verb stem ends in n-


立夏

立夏 (canonical)
Rikka (romanization)
Rituka (romanization)
りつか (hiragana historical)

First day of summer, beginning of summer (one of the solar terms)

立春

二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring

小満

二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer

立秋

二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Autumn

立冬

二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Winter


火砲

ja-noun

火(か)砲(ほう) • (kahō) ^(←くわはう (kwafau)?) (counter 門)

火砲 (canonical)
kahō (romanization)
kwafau (romanization)
門 (counter)
くわはう (hiragana historical)


再来週

[sa̠ɾa̠iɕɨᵝː]

Compound of 再 (“re-”) + 来週 (“next week”).


ジェームス

ja-pos

ジェームス • (Jēmusu)

A transliteration of the English male given name James


馬頭

馬頭 (canonical)
Mezu (romanization)
medu (romanization)
めづ (hiragana historical)

Calque of Sanskrit अश्वशीर्ष (aśvaśīrṣa).

cal

(Buddhism, Chinese mythology, Japanese mythology) Horse-Head, one of the two guardians of hell


笑む

ja-verb

笑(え)む • (emu) ^(←ゑむ (wemu)?)intransitive godan (stem 笑(え)み (emi), past 笑(え)んだ (enda))

笑む (canonical)
emu (romanization)
wemu (romanization)
笑み (stem)
笑んだ (past)
笑ま
えま
ema
笑み
えみ
emi
笑む
えむ
emu
笑め
えめ
eme
笑まれる (passive)
えまれる (passive)
emareru (passive)
笑ませる (causative)
笑ます (causative)
えませる (causative)
えます (causative)
emaseru (causative)
emasu (causative)
笑める (potential)
えめる (potential)
emeru (potential)
笑もう (volitional)
えもう (volitional)
emō (volitional)
笑まない (negative)
えまない (negative)
emanai (negative)
笑まず (continuative negative)
えまず (continuative negative)
emazu (continuative negative)
笑みます (formal)
えみます (formal)
emimasu (formal)
笑んだ (perfective)
えんだ (perfective)
enda (perfective)
笑んで (conjunctive)
えんで (conjunctive)
ende (conjunctive)
笑めば (conditional hypothetical)
えめば (conditional hypothetical)
emeba (conditional hypothetical)
笑ま (irrealis stem)
ゑま (irrealis stem)
wema (irrealis)
笑み (continuative stem)
ゑみ (continuative stem)
wemi (continuative)
笑む (stem terminative)
ゑむ (stem terminative)
wemu (terminative)
笑む (attributive stem)
ゑむ (attributive stem)
wemu (attributive)
笑め (realis stem)
ゑめ (realis stem)
weme (realis)
笑め (imperative stem)
ゑめ (imperative stem)
weme (imperative)
笑まず (negative)
ゑまず (negative)
wemazu (negative)
笑めど (contrastive)
ゑめど (contrastive)
wemedo (contrastive)
笑めば (causative)
ゑめば (causative)
wemeba (causative)
笑まば (conditional)
ゑまば (conditional)
wemaba (conditional)
笑みき (past)
ゑみき (past)
wemiki (past)
笑みけり (past)
ゑみけり (past)
wemikeri (past)
笑みつ (perfect)
ゑみつ (perfect)
wemitu (perfect)
笑みぬ (perfect)
ゑみぬ (perfect)
weminu (perfect)
笑めり (continuative perfect)
笑みたり (continuative perfect)
ゑめり (continuative perfect)
ゑみたり (continuative perfect)
wemeri (continuative perfect)
wemitari (continuative perfect)
笑まむ (volitional)
ゑまむ (volitional)
wemamu (volitional)


果汁

果汁 (canonical)
kajū (romanization)
kwazifu (romanization)
くわじふ (hiragana historical)

/kwazipu/ → /kwazifu/ → /kwaziwu/ → /kwaziu/ → /kwaʑjuː/ → /kad͡ʑjuː/
From Middle Chinese compound 果汁 (kwa^X tsyip, literally “fruit + juice”).

濃縮果汁還元

濃縮果汁還元 のうしゅくかじゅうかんげん


プログラム

[pɯ̟ᵝɾo̞ɡɯ̟ᵝɾa̠mɯ̟ᵝ]

プログラム学習

puroguramu gakushū, “puroguramu gakushū”

programmed learning, programmed instruction

(broadcasting) a program (performance of a show or other broadcast on radio or television)

ロキ 人工生命は意志を持って動いてるわけじゃない そう見えるだけだよ あれは ただ規則に従うプログラムだ

1999 September 16, Motohiro Katou, “ヤコブの階段 [Jacob’s Stairway]”, in [Ｑ.](キュー)[Ｅ.](イー)[Ｄ.](ディー) [証](しょう)[明](めい)[終](しゅう)[了](りょう) ([Ｑ.](キュー)[Ｅ.](イー)[Ｄ.](ディー) [証](しょう)[明](めい)[終](しゅう)[了](りょう)) [Q.E.D. Quod Erat Demonstrandum], volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, page 190

Loki, artificial life doesn’t have will or a sense of purpose. Much as it looks as though it did, it’s merely following rules as it’s programmed to.

Roki jinkō seimei wa ishi o motte ugoiteru wake ja nai Sō mieru dake da yo are wa tada kisoku ni shitagau puroguramu da

(computing) a program (software application)


プログラム

プログラムする (canonical)
puroguramu suru (romanization)
プログラムし (stem)
プログラムした (past)
プログラムし
puroguramu shi
プログラムする
puroguramu suru
プログラムすれ
puroguramu sure
プログラムせよ (imperative literary)
プログラムしろ (colloquial imperative)
puroguramu seyo (imperative literary)
puroguramu shiro (colloquial imperative)
プログラムされる (passive)
puroguramu sareru (passive)
プログラムさせる (causative)
プログラムさす (causative)
puroguramu saseru (causative)
puroguramu sasu (causative)
プログラムできる (potential)
puroguramu dekiru (potential)
プログラムしよう (volitional)
puroguramu shiyō (volitional)
プログラムしない (negative)
puroguramu shinai (negative)
プログラムせず (continuative negative)
puroguramu sezu (continuative negative)
プログラムします (formal)
puroguramu shimasu (formal)
プログラムした (perfective)
puroguramu shita (perfective)
プログラムして (conjunctive)
puroguramu shite (conjunctive)
プログラムすれば (conditional hypothetical)
puroguramu sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[pɯ̟ᵝɾo̞ɡɯ̟ᵝɾa̠mɯ̟ᵝ]

(computing) to program (to write code, to enter a program or other instructions into a computer)


吸血鬼

ja-noun

吸(きゅう)血(けつ)鬼(き) • (kyūketsuki) ^(←きふけつき (kifuketuki)?)

吸血鬼 (canonical)
kyūketsuki (romanization)
kifuketuki (romanization)
きふけつき (hiragana historical)

[kʲɨᵝːke̞t͡sɨ̥ᵝkʲi]


アラフォー

アラフォー • (arafō)

a person (especially a woman) who is between 35 and 45 years old


東風

*⟨ko₁ti⟩ → */kʷoti/*⟨ko₂ti⟩ → */kəti/ → /kot͡ɕi/
From Old Japanese.
The final chi is cognate with the -te in 疾風 (hayate, “gale”).


東風

Compound of 東風 (kochi, see above) + 風 (kaze, “wind”).


東風

東風 (canonical)
higashikaze (romanization)

Compound of 東 (higashi, “east”) + 風 (kaze, “wind”).


東風

ja-noun

東(とう)風(ふう) • (tōfū)

From Middle Chinese 東風 (MC tuwng pjuwng).


轆轤

[ɾo̞kɯ̟ᵝɾo̞]

「２基の轆轤を、土の種類によって使い分けています。」https://web.archive.org/web/20120201235939/http://www.ccn2.aitai.ne.jp/~nagatobo/newpage40-2.html


頸静脈

頸(けい)静(じょう)脈(みゃく) • (keijōmyaku) ^(←けいじやうみやく (keizyaumyaku)?)

頸静脈 (canonical)
keijōmyaku (romanization)
keizyaumyaku (romanization)
けいじやうみやく (hiragana historical)

[ke̞ːʑo̞ːmʲa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]


永劫

永劫 (canonical)
eigō (romanization)
eigofu (romanization)
えいごふ (hiragana historical)

eiɡopu > eiɡoɸu > *eiɡowu > eiɡou > eiɡoː

永劫に続く

永劫回帰


永劫

永劫 (canonical)
yōgō (romanization)
yaugofu (romanization)
やうごふ (hiragana historical)

jauɡopu > jauɡoɸu > *jauɡowu > jauɡou > joːɡoː


ポート

ポート • (pōto)

(computing) port, a logical or physical construct into and from which data are transferred


呪縛

呪縛を解く

a metaphorical spell: a myth or misbelief that prevents a person from thinking or acting freely


呪縛

呪縛する (canonical)
jubaku suru (romanization)
呪縛し (stem)
呪縛した (past)
呪縛し
じゅばくし
jubaku shi
呪縛する
じゅばくする
jubaku suru
呪縛すれ
じゅばくすれ
jubaku sure
呪縛せよ (imperative literary)
呪縛しろ (colloquial imperative)
じゅばくせよ (imperative literary)
じゅばくしろ (colloquial imperative)
jubaku seyo (imperative literary)
jubaku shiro (colloquial imperative)
呪縛される (passive)
じゅばくされる (passive)
jubaku sareru (passive)
呪縛させる (causative)
呪縛さす (causative)
じゅばくさせる (causative)
じゅばくさす (causative)
jubaku saseru (causative)
jubaku sasu (causative)
呪縛できる (potential)
じゅばくできる (potential)
jubaku dekiru (potential)
呪縛しよう (volitional)
じゅばくしよう (volitional)
jubaku shiyō (volitional)
呪縛しない (negative)
じゅばくしない (negative)
jubaku shinai (negative)
呪縛せず (continuative negative)
じゅばくせず (continuative negative)
jubaku sezu (continuative negative)
呪縛します (formal)
じゅばくします (formal)
jubaku shimasu (formal)
呪縛した (perfective)
じゅばくした (perfective)
jubaku shita (perfective)
呪縛して (conjunctive)
じゅばくして (conjunctive)
jubaku shite (conjunctive)
呪縛すれば (conditional hypothetical)
じゅばくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
jubaku sureba (conditional hypothetical)


アイコン

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(graphical user interface) an icon, a small image indicating a user element

(Christianity) an icon, a religious image of a saint


マラソン

→ Hakka: 馬拉松／马拉松 (mà-la-sóng)

[ma̠ɾa̠sõ̞ɴ]

From English marathon, from Ancient Greek Μᾰρᾰθών (Marathṓn).


マケドニア語

マケドニア語 (canonical)
Makedoniago (romanization)


サーバー

サーバー • (sābā)

(sports) someone who serves a ball in a sport such as tennis

(computing) server (a computer or software which provides services to other programs or users)


ハブ

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:ハブ

(computer hardware) hub, a computer networking device


パートナー

パートナー • (pātonā)

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:パートナー

Borrowed from English partner.
First cited to 1888.

partner, someone who is associated with another in a common activity or interest


訴訟

(law) lawsuit (a case where a court is needed to resolve differences)


ボールペン

[bo̞ːɾɯ̟ᵝpẽ̞ɴ]


ブロードバンド

(computing) broadband, a high-capacity internet connection


悪阻

悪阻 (canonical)
tsuwari (romanization)
tufari (romanization)
つはり (hiragana historical)

[t͡sɨᵝɰᵝa̠ɾʲi]

tupari > tuɸari > tuwari. The adverbial form of the verb つわる (tsuwaru, “to have morning sickness”) nominalized. The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓).


悪阻

悪阻 (canonical)
oso (romanization)
woso (romanization)
をそ (hiragana historical)


魚介類

魚介類 (canonical)
gyokairui (romanization)

[ɡʲo̞ka̠iɾɯ̟ᵝi]

seafood, marine products, fish and shellfish


アップロード

[a̠p̚pɯ̟ᵝɾo̞ːdo̞]


アップロード

アップロードする (canonical)
appurōdo suru (romanization)
アップロードし (stem)
アップロードした (past)
アップロードし
appurōdo shi
アップロードする
appurōdo suru
アップロードすれ
appurōdo sure
アップロードせよ (imperative literary)
アップロードしろ (colloquial imperative)
appurōdo seyo (imperative literary)
appurōdo shiro (colloquial imperative)
アップロードされる (passive)
appurōdo sareru (passive)
アップロードさせる (causative)
アップロードさす (causative)
appurōdo saseru (causative)
appurōdo sasu (causative)
アップロードできる (potential)
appurōdo dekiru (potential)
アップロードしよう (volitional)
appurōdo shiyō (volitional)
アップロードしない (negative)
appurōdo shinai (negative)
アップロードせず (continuative negative)
appurōdo sezu (continuative negative)
アップロードします (formal)
appurōdo shimasu (formal)
アップロードした (perfective)
appurōdo shita (perfective)
アップロードして (conjunctive)
appurōdo shite (conjunctive)
アップロードすれば (conditional hypothetical)
appurōdo sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[a̠p̚pɯ̟ᵝɾo̞ːdo̞]


郎女

/iratume₁/ → /iratume/. Compound of いら (ira, “kinship”), つ (tsu, genitive marker), and 女 (me₁, “female”).

大伴坂上郎女
-
Ōtomo no Sakanoue no Iratsume
(literally, “Lady of the Sakanoue of the Ōtomo”)

(archaic, familiar) Synonym of 少女 (shōjo, “a young girl or woman”)


ボット

(computing) bot, a piece of software for doing repetitive tasks


カリホルニウム

[ka̠ɾʲiho̞ɾɯ̟ᵝɲ̟iɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


輸精管

ja-noun

輸(ゆ)精(せい)管(かん) • (yuseikan) ^(←ゆせいくゎん (yuseikwan)?)

輸精管 (canonical)
yuseikan (romanization)
yuseikwan (romanization)
ゆせいくゎん (hiragana historical)

[jɯ̟ᵝse̞ːkã̠ɴ]

輸 (“to carry”) + 精 (“sperm”) + 管 (“pipe; tube; duct”)

af

(anatomy) Synonym of 精管 (seikan, “vas deferens”)


雪隠

[se̞t͡sɨᵝĩɴ]

(obsolete) Synonym of 便所 (benjō, “toilet”)


雪隠

[se̞t̚t͡ɕĩɴ]

/seQiN/ [set̚iɴ] → /seQtiN/ [set̚t͡ɕin]
The in reading for 隠 changes to chin as an instance of renjō (連声).


傭兵

鬣の傭兵クルザード

2007 October 20, Izawa, Hiroshi with Yamada, Kotaro, “最終話 それぞれの道へ [Final Chapter: Epilog]”, in ファイアーエムブレム 覇者の剣 [Fire Emblem: Sword of Champions], Jump Remix edition, volume 5 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, page 354


羊膜

ja-noun

羊(よう)膜(まく) • (yōmaku) ^(←やうまく (yaumaku)?)

羊膜 (canonical)
yōmaku (romanization)
yaumaku (romanization)
やうまく (hiragana historical)


羊羹

羊羹 (canonical)
yōkan (romanization)
yaukan (romanization)
やうかん (hiragana historical)

→ Cantonese: 羊羹 (joeng⁴ gang¹)

→ English: yokan, youkan

→ Hakka: 羊羹 (yòng-kâng, yô-kháng)

desc

→ Korean: 양갱(羊羹) (yanggaeng), 요캉 (yokang)

→ Mandarin: 羊羹 (yánggēng)

→ Min Nan: 羊羹 (iő-káng, io-kàng)

/yaukan/ → /yɔːkan/ → /yoːkan/
Originally from Middle Chinese compound 羊羹 (yang kæng, literally “sheep + soup, broth”). The gelatin meaning arose from the way that sheep meat or other parts would be boiled down to produce gelatin.

yokan, a thick jellied dessert made of adzuki (red bean paste), agar, and sugar


元帥

ja-noun

元(げん)帥(すい) • (gensui) ^(←ぐゑんすゐ (gwenswi)?)

元帥 (canonical)
gensui (romanization)
gwenswi (romanization)
ぐゑんすゐ (hiragana historical)

admiral of the fleet
admiral of the fleet


生涯

生(しょう)涯(がい) • (shōgai) ^(←しゃうがい (syaugai)?)

生涯 (canonical)
shōgai (romanization)
syaugai (romanization)
しゃうがい (hiragana historical)

the interval when one is alive; a lifetime


チャルメラ

From Portuguese charamela. Later reintroduced via China.

(music) a classical woodwind instrument belonging to the oboe family; a shawm

(music) a double reeded woodwind instrument with eight holes that opens like a trumpet; popularly used outside restaurants to attract customers; a surnai or suona


弓道

弓(きゅう)道(どう) • (kyūdō) ^(←きゆうだう (kyuudau)?)

弓道 (canonical)
kyūdō (romanization)
kyuudau (romanization)
きゆうだう (hiragana historical)


煉獄

[ɾẽ̞ŋɡo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

煉 (ren, “to refine”) + 獄 (goku, “prison”)

compound

まるで煉獄。

2003, Enrico Maxwell- page 76 in Chapter 42 ("Aubird Force") of Hellsing volume 6


ユニコーン

[jɯ̟ᵝɲ̟ikõ̞ːɴ]


夜叉

夜叉 (canonical)
yasha (romanization)
yasya (romanization)
やしや (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 夜叉 (yæᴴ cha?), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit यक्ष (yakṣa).

夜叉竹

Semiarundinaria yashadake, a type of bamboo

夜叉柄杓

夜叉柄杓 ヤシャビシャク

Ribes ambiguum, a type of flowering plant related to currant and gooseberry

夜叉が馬を見たよう: → an expression of extreme happiness

(Buddhism) in Buddhism, yakshas are held to be followers of 毘沙門天 (Bishamonten, “Vaiśravaṇa, the chief of the Four Heavenly Kings”), and guardians of the north


一角獣

ja-noun

一(いっ)角(かく)獣(じゅう) • (ikkakujū) ^(←いつかくじう (itukakuziu)?)

一角獣 (canonical)
ikkakujū (romanization)
itukakuziu (romanization)
いつかくじう (hiragana historical)

[ik̚ka̠kɯ̟ᵝʑɨᵝː]

一角 (ikkaku, “one horn”) + 獣 (jū, “beast”).
/ikkakuziu/ → /ikkakuzjuː/

af

ユニコーン ユニコーン#Japanese

(mythology) Synonym of ユニコーン (yunikōn, “unicorn”)

(rare, mythology, Chinese mythology) Synonym of 麒麟 (kirin, “qilin”)


舎利

Borrowed from Literary Chinese 舍利, from Sanskrit शरीर (śarīra, “body”).


愛国者

愛国者 (canonical)
aikokusha (romanization)

[a̠iko̞kɯ̟̊ᵝɕa̠]

愛国 (aikoku, “patriotism”) + 者 (-sha, “-ist; -ian”)

suf

日和見の愛国者マンセル＆ダナン
Hiyorimi no Aikokusha Manseru ando Danan

2007 October 20, Izawa, Hiroshi with Kotaro, Yamada, “最終話 それぞれの道へ [Final Chapter: Epilog]”, in ファイアーエムブレム 覇者の剣 [Fire Emblem: Sword of Champions], Jump Remix edition, volume 5 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, page 354

[…] 国のために神を愛し神のために国を愛し、国民挙て神聖なる愛国者となるべきなり、[…]
[…] kuni no tame ni kami o aishi kami no tame ni kuni o aishi, kokumin kozotte shinsei naru aikokusha to naru beki nari, […]

1893, Uchimura Kanzō, Kirisuto shinto no nagusame

[…] we must love God for our country and our country for God, and the whole nation must become holy patriots, […]

a patriot (person who loves, supports and defends their country)


総選挙

(politics) an election held when the term for a member of the house ends or when the Diet is dissolved; a general election

議会制民主主義

議会制民主主義 ぎかいせいみんしゅしゅぎ

政党政治

政党政治 せいとうせいじ

国政選挙

国政選挙 こくせいせんきょ

国会議員

国会議員 こっかいぎいん


覚醒剤

覚醒剤 (canonical)
kakuseizai (romanization)

Compound of 覚醒 (kakusei, “awakening”) + 剤 (-zai, “drug, medicine”).

ヒロポン

Philopon; Hiropon, former brand name for methamphetamine, prior to it becoming legally restricted in 1951

(more specifically) a stimulating drug in the amine family, such as amphetamine or methamphetamine


ナポリ語

ナポリ語 (canonical)
Napori-go (romanization)

ナポリ (Napori, “Naples”) + 語 (-go, “language”)


糞袋

糞袋 (canonical)
kusobukuro (romanization)

Compound of 糞(くそ) (kuso, “feces”) + 袋(ふくろ) (fukuro, “bag”). Literally "bag of feces".


雛尖

(anatomy) clitoris; a small protrusion in the female reproductive system


糞嚢

糞嚢 (canonical)
kusobukuro (romanization)

Compound of 糞(くそ) (kuso, “feces”) + 嚢(ふくろ) (fukuro, “bag”). Literally "bag of feces".


陰嚢

[ɸɯ̟ᵝɡɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru

*/fukuri/*/fuɡuri/ → /fuɡuri/
Likely related to 袋 (fukuro, “bag, sack”). Appears in one text from 1532 with the unvoiced pronunciation fukuri.
First cited to roughly 900.


陰嚢

陰嚢 (canonical)
innō (romanization)
innau (romanization)
いんなう (hiragana historical)

/innau/ → /innoː/
Probably a learned borrowing from Chinese 陰嚢／阴嚢. First cited to a text from 1421.


フットボール

[ɸɯ̟̊ᵝt̚to̞bo̞ːɾɯ̟ᵝ]

日本フットボールリーグ

高い守備能力を誇るサイボーグ。元々はフットボールマシンとして開発されたという。

2010 March 20, “バトルフットボーラー [Battle Footballer]”, in STARTER DECK, Konami

A cyborg proud of his great defense capability. They say he was originally developed as a football machine.

Takai shubi nōryoku o hokoru saibōgu. Motomoto wa futtobōru mashin to shite kaihatsu sareta to iu.

football: soccer, American football, rugby, etc.


魔羅

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Ryōiki
Shinmura Izuru
Tōkai–Tōsan dialect

Transcription of Sanskrit मार (Māra, “the Destroyer, the Evil One”). The kanji are ateji (当て字).
The shift from "Buddhist evil demon" to "penis" was originally slang use among monks, in reference to sexual desires distracting one from the path to enlightenment.
Some sources link this term to 放る (maru, “to excrete”). However, the verb maru refers to "excreting" bodily wastes in general, not just urination but also defecation, and some sources also list flatulation as an included sense. In addition, other nouns attested from Old Japanese that derive from verbs and end in -a appear to be the result of the action of the verb, which does not fit this case. Ultimately, the proposed connection between Sanskrit-derived mara ("penis") and Japonic-derived maru ("to excrete") appears to be a folk etymology, likely arising from the superficial similarity in forms.
First attested in the Nihon Ryōiki, in a section dated to the early 800s.

der

(Buddhism) Mara: a Buddhist demon that personifies the "death" of spiritual life


骨盤

[ko̞t͡sɨᵝbã̠ɴ]

Meronyms: 寛骨 (kankotsu), 坐骨 (zakotsu), 恥骨 (chikotsu)


オペレーティングシステム

ja-noun

オペレーティング システム

オペレーティングシステム

[o̞pe̞ɾe̞ːtʲĩŋɡɯ̟ᵝ ɕisɨ̥ᵝte̞mɯ̟ᵝ]

ja:オペレーティングシステム


杏子

杏子 (canonical)
Kyōko (romanization)
杏子 (canonical)
Momoko (romanization)


工具

tools (especially for craftsmanship or carpentry)


インターリングア

Interlingua (interlanguage based on Romance languages)


終楽章

終楽章 (canonical)
shūgakushō (romanization)

[ɕɨᵝːɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝɕo̞ː]


ストライク

[sɨ̥ᵝto̞ɾa̠ikɯ̟ᵝ]

Borrowed from English strike. Doublet of ストライキ.


レアル

real, former unit of currency of Spain and Spain's colonies


アインスタイニウム

[a̠ĩɰ̃sɨ̥ᵝta̠iɲ̟iɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]

ja:アインスタイニウム


レントゲニウム

[ɾẽ̞nto̞ɡe̞ɲ̟iɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


チルダ

From Spanish tilde, from Latin titulus (“title”). Doublet of タイトル (taitoru) from English title, from titulus.


フィクション

[ɸʲikɯ̟̊ᵝɕõ̞ɴ]

Borrowed from English fiction.
First cited to the 1885 novel 当世書生気質 (Tōsei Shosei Katagi, “Portraits of Contemporary Students”) by 坪内逍遥 (Tsubouchi Shōyō).

★この作品はフィクションです。実在の人物・団体・事件などには、いっさい関係ありません。
★ Kono sakuhin wa fikushon desu. Jitsuzai no jinbutsu dantai jiken nado ni wa, issai kankei arimasen.
★ This is a work of fiction. It has no connection whatsoever to any actual persons, groups or events.

2004 July 7, Hideaki Sorachi, [銀](ぎん)[魂](たま) ([銀](ぎん)[魂](たま)) [Silver Soul], volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha


月長石

月長石 (canonical)
getchōseki (romanization)


石榴石

石榴石 (canonical)
zakuroishi (romanization)

石(ざく)榴(ろ) (zakuro, “pomegranate”) + 石(いし) (ishi, “stone”).


頁岩

[ke̞t͡sɨᵝɡã̠ɴ]

含油頁岩

含油頁岩 がんゆけつがん

石油頁岩

石油頁岩 せきゆけつがん


砂岩

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 砂岩 (MC srae ngaem, “sandstone”, literally “sand + rock”). Uses the kan'on reading, suggesting a later borrowing. Compare modern Cantonese reading saa¹ ngaam⁴.


砂岩

Appears to be a shift from sagan above. Less common. Uses the goon reading of sha for the 砂 character.


口中

ja-noun

口(こう)中(ちゅう) • (kōchū)


スーザフォン

スーザフォン • (sūzafon)


仙骨

[sẽ̞ŋko̞t͡sɨᵝ]

仙 (“Chinese hermit/immortal”) + 骨 (“bone; character”). Compare Latin os sacrum (literally “sacred bone”).

ncog

the unworldly appearance or character of a Chinese hermit/immortal

Holonym: 脊柱 (sekichū)

Meronym: 仙椎 (sentsui)


不在者投票

ja-noun

不(ふ)在(ざい)者(しゃ)投(とう)票(ひょう) • (fuzaisha tōhyō)

不在者投票 (canonical)
fuzaisha tōhyō (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟ᵝza̠iɕa̠ to̞ːço̞ː]

Compound of 不在者(ふざいしゃ) (fuzaisha, “absentee”) and 投票(とうひょう) (tōhyō, “vote”).

a method of casting a voting ballot without attending an official place of voting; absentee voting


濃音

(in regard to Korean) a tense or fortis sound


パッチム

二重パッチム
nijū patchimu
double batchim (as in 닭)


平音

(in regard to Korean) an unaspirated sound


激音

(phonetics) (in regard to Korean) an aspirated sound


マニフェスト

(politics) particularly, such a declaration of a political party; a party platform


チヂミ

From Gyeongsang Korean 지짐이 (jijimi). While チヂミ is the most common spelling, prescriptively the spelling チジミ is considered correct.

jeon, a pancake-like Korean dish made of flour and eggs with vegetable or seafood toppings


ハングル

[hã̠ŋɡɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]

(proscribed, nonstandard) the Korean language


期日前投票

期(き)日(じつ)前(ぜん)投(とう)票(ひょう) • (kijitsuzen tōhyō)

期日前投票 (canonical)
kijitsuzen tōhyō (romanization)

[kʲiʑit͡sɨᵝzẽ̞n to̞ːço̞ː]

Compound of 期日(きじつ) (kijitsu, “date”) + 前(ぜん) (zen, “before”) + 投票(とうひょう) (tōhyō, “vote”).

ja-compound

casting a voting ballot prior to the established date of voting; early voting


期日前投票

ja-noun

期(き)日(じつ)前(まえ)投(とう)票(ひょう) • (kijitsumae tōhyō)

期日前投票 (canonical)
kijitsumae tōhyō (romanization)

Compound of 期日(きじつ) (kijitsu, “date”) + 前(まえ) (mae, “before”) + 投票(とうひょう) (tōhyō, “vote”).


表外字

[ço̞ːɡa̠iʑi]

Compound of 表(ひょう) (hyō, “chart”) + 外(がい) (gai, “outside”) + 字(じ) (ji, “letter; written character”), literally "a character outside the chart".

Kanji characters outside of the jōyō kanji and jinmeiyō kanji lists. For example, 攪 and its shinjitai form, 撹.


源氏名

ja-noun

源(げん)氏(じ)名(な) • (Genji-na) ^(←げんじな (genzina)?)

源氏名 (canonical)
Genji-na (romanization)
genzina (romanization)
げんじな (hiragana historical)

[ɡẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑina̠]

nickname, historically used by courtesan and prostitutes and today also used by women who work in bars and nightclubs


機械学習

機械学習 (canonical)
kikai gakushū (romanization)


最急降下法

最(さい)急(きゅう)降(こう)下(か)法(ほう) • (saikyū kōkahō)

最急降下法 (canonical)
saikyū kōkahō (romanization)

steepest descent method
steepest descent method

(computer science) steepest descent method


計算機言語学

計(けい)算(さん)機(き)言(げん)語(ご)学(がく) • (keisanki gengogaku)

計算機言語学 (canonical)
keisanki gengogaku (romanization)

computational linguistics
computational linguistics

計算言語学

計算言語学 けいさんげんごがく


決定木

決定 (kettei, “decision”) + 木 (ki, “tree”)


情報検索

情報検索 (canonical)
jōhō kensaku (romanization)

[d͡ʑo̞ːho̞ː kẽ̞ɰ̃sa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Compound of 情(じょう)報(ほう) (jōhō, “information”) + 検(けん)索(さく) (kensaku, “retrieval”).

ja-compound

information retrieval
information retrieval


フィボナッチ数列

ja-noun

^フィボナッチ すうれつ

フィボナッチ数列 (canonical)
Fibonatchi sūretsu (romanization)


数列

[sɨᵝːɾe̞t͡sɨᵝ]

(mathematics) a sequence of numbers, especially one that shows or is created under a certain pattern


調和平均

調(ちょう)和(わ)平(へい)均(きん) • (chōwaheikin) ^(←てうわへいきん (tewafeikin)?)

調和平均 (canonical)
chōwaheikin (romanization)
tewafeikin (romanization)
てうわへいきん (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕo̞ːɰᵝa̠he̞ːkʲĩɴ]

調(ちょう)和(わ) (chōwa, “harmony”) + 平(へい)均(きん) (heikin, “average”)


線形計画法

ja-noun

線(せん)形(けい)計(けい)画(かく)法(ほう) • (senkei keikakuhō)

線形計画法 (canonical)
senkei keikakuhō (romanization)

[sẽ̞ŋke̞ː ke̞ːka̠kɯ̟ᵝho̞ː]

(operations, mathematics) linear programming


自然対数

自然対数 (canonical)
shizen taisū (romanization)

Compound of 自然 (shizen, “natural”) + 対数 (taisū, “logarithm”)

com

常用対数

常用対数 じょうようたいすう


自然言語処理

ja-noun

自(し)然(ぜん)言(げん)語(ご)処(しょ)理(り) • (shizen gengo shori)

自然言語処理 (canonical)
shizen gengo shori (romanization)

[ɕizẽ̞ŋ ɡẽ̞ŋɡo̞ ɕo̞ɾʲi]

Compound of 自然言語 (shizen gengo, “natural language”) + 処理 (shori, “processing”), as a calque of English natural language processing.

calque

natural language processing
natural language processing

(computing) natural language processing, NLP

Daijisen
Natural language processing
ja:松村明
ja:自然言語処理


隕石

ja-noun

隕(いん)石(せき) • (inseki) ^(←ゐんせき (winseki)?)

隕石 (canonical)
inseki (romanization)
winseki (romanization)
ゐんせき (hiragana historical)


あぐり

After previous births of female children, a name given to a female child in the hope that she will be the last female child and next will be a male child. Later, by extension, a name given to either male or female children to express that he or she will be the last child. Etymology is unknown, but dialectal forms equivalent to 溢れる (afuru, “overflow”) and 余り (amari, “surplus”) have been proposed.


口蓋音化

口蓋音化 (canonical)
kōgai onka (romanization)

the process in which a sound becomes palatal; palatalization


語順

the order in which words are laid out in a phrase; word order


フィヨルド

[ɸʲijo̞ɾɯ̟ᵝdo̞]

From English fjord or probably from Swedish fjord.

(geology) fjord, a long, narrow, deep inlet between cliffs; fiord (NZ)


閉鎖音

Compound of 閉鎖 (heisa, “closing”) + 音 (on, “sound”).


有声音化

有声音化する (canonical)
yūseionka suru (romanization)
有声音化し (stem)
有声音化した (past)
有声音化し
ゆうせいおんかし
yūseionka shi
有声音化する
ゆうせいおんかする
yūseionka suru
有声音化すれ
ゆうせいおんかすれ
yūseionka sure
有声音化せよ (imperative literary)
有声音化しろ (colloquial imperative)
ゆうせいおんかせよ (imperative literary)
ゆうせいおんかしろ (colloquial imperative)
yūseionka seyo (imperative literary)
yūseionka shiro (colloquial imperative)
有声音化される (passive)
ゆうせいおんかされる (passive)
yūseionka sareru (passive)
有声音化させる (causative)
有声音化さす (causative)
ゆうせいおんかさせる (causative)
ゆうせいおんかさす (causative)
yūseionka saseru (causative)
yūseionka sasu (causative)
有声音化できる (potential)
ゆうせいおんかできる (potential)
yūseionka dekiru (potential)
有声音化しよう (volitional)
ゆうせいおんかしよう (volitional)
yūseionka shiyō (volitional)
有声音化しない (negative)
ゆうせいおんかしない (negative)
yūseionka shinai (negative)
有声音化せず (continuative negative)
ゆうせいおんかせず (continuative negative)
yūseionka sezu (continuative negative)
有声音化します (formal)
ゆうせいおんかします (formal)
yūseionka shimasu (formal)
有声音化した (perfective)
ゆうせいおんかした (perfective)
yūseionka shita (perfective)
有声音化して (conjunctive)
ゆうせいおんかして (conjunctive)
yūseionka shite (conjunctive)
有声音化すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ゆうせいおんかすれば (conditional hypothetical)
yūseionka sureba (conditional hypothetical)


閉塞音

閉塞音 (canonical)
heisokuon (romanization)

[he̞ːso̞kɯ̟ᵝõ̞ɴ]

Compound of 閉塞(へいそく) (heisoku, “blockade”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).


高雄

高雄 (canonical)
Takao (romanization)
takawo (romanization)
たかを (hiragana historical)

From earlier 高(たか)尾(お) (takao), in which 尾 is short for 尾根(おね) (one), thus literally “high mountain ridge”.


クリミア・タタール語

クリミア・タタール語 (canonical)
Kurimia Tatārugo (romanization)

ja:クリミア・タタール語


園長

ja-noun

園(えん)長(ちょう) • (enchō) ^(←ゑんちゃう (wentyau)?)

園長 (canonical)
enchō (romanization)
wentyau (romanization)
ゑんちゃう (hiragana historical)

[ẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ː]

person in charge of an 園 (en) – zoo (動物園), kindergarten (幼稚園), etc.


アメコミ

アメリカンコミック アメリカンコミック#Japanese

Clipping of アメリカンコミック (Amerikan komikku): American comic(s)


射精

From Middle Chinese compound 射精 (zyæᴴ tsjeng, literally “emit, discharge, shoot+ semen”). Compare modern Cantonese reading se⁶ zing¹, Mandarin shèjīng.

ejaculation, an emission or discharge of semen


射精

射精する (canonical)
shasei suru (romanization)
射精し (stem)
射精した (past)
射精し
しゃせいし
shasei shi
射精する
しゃせいする
shasei suru
射精すれ
しゃせいすれ
shasei sure
射精せよ (imperative literary)
射精しろ (colloquial imperative)
しゃせいせよ (imperative literary)
しゃせいしろ (colloquial imperative)
shasei seyo (imperative literary)
shasei shiro (colloquial imperative)
射精される (passive)
しゃせいされる (passive)
shasei sareru (passive)
射精させる (causative)
射精さす (causative)
しゃせいさせる (causative)
しゃせいさす (causative)
shasei saseru (causative)
shasei sasu (causative)
射精できる (potential)
しゃせいできる (potential)
shasei dekiru (potential)
射精しよう (volitional)
しゃせいしよう (volitional)
shasei shiyō (volitional)
射精しない (negative)
しゃせいしない (negative)
shasei shinai (negative)
射精せず (continuative negative)
しゃせいせず (continuative negative)
shasei sezu (continuative negative)
射精します (formal)
しゃせいします (formal)
shasei shimasu (formal)
射精した (perfective)
しゃせいした (perfective)
shasei shita (perfective)
射精して (conjunctive)
しゃせいして (conjunctive)
shasei shite (conjunctive)
射精すれば (conditional hypothetical)
しゃせいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
shasei sureba (conditional hypothetical)

to ejaculate, to emit or discharge semen


野球拳

野(や)球(きゅう)拳(けん) • (yakyūken) ^(←やきうけん (yakiuken)?)

野球拳 (canonical)
yakyūken (romanization)
yakiuken (romanization)
やきうけん (hiragana historical)

[ja̠kʲɨᵝːkẽ̞ɴ]

Compound of 野球(やきゅう) (yakyū, “baseball”) + 拳(けん) (ken, literally “fist”).

ja-compound

yakyuken or strip rock paper scissors (a version of Rock-Paper-Scissors where the loser has to remove an article of clothing, accompanied with a song and dance)

脱衣花札

脱衣花札 だついはなふだ

脱衣麻雀

脱衣麻雀 だついマージャン


ブルートゥース

ja-pos

ブルートゥース • (Burūtūsu)

[bɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝːtɯ̟ᵝːsɨᵝ]

Borrowed from English Bluetooth, calqued from Old Norse Blátǫnn. See there for more.

(networking) Bluetooth (personal area wireless network)


八紘

ja-noun

八(はっ)紘(こう) • (hakkō) ^(←はっくゎう (fakkwau)?)

八紘 (canonical)
hakkō (romanization)
fakkwau (romanization)
はっくゎう (hiragana historical)

/patɨkwau/ > /pakkwau/ > /ɸakkwau /> /hakkwau/ > /hakkwoː/ > /hakkoː/. Literally a net that stretches over and connects in eight directions. The eight directions are north, south, east, west, northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest and is a reference to the land as a whole.

八紘一宇

八紘一宇 はっこういちう


八紘一宇

八(はっ)紘(こう)一(いち)宇(う) • (hakkō ichiu) ^(←はっくゎういちう (fakkwauitiu)?)

八紘一宇 (canonical)
hakkō ichiu (romanization)
fakkwauitiu (romanization)
はっくゎういちう (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 八紘一宇／八纮一宇 (bāhóngyīyǔ)

→ Korean: 팔굉일우 (palgoeng'iru)

八紘 (hakkō, “eight corners”) + 一宇 (ichiu, “one roof”) ≅ “the eight corners of the earth [united] under a single roof”
The concept originates from a passage in the Nihon Shoki (720): 兼六合以開都、 掩八紘一而為宇, in which Emperor Jimmu declares Kashihara to be the capital of the lands. Originally limited to context of Japan as a whole, but in 1903 Tanaka Chigaku first used it in reference to world unification. Widely used around 1937 during the Sino-Japanese War, the phrase was later included in the July 26, 1940 national policy known as Kihon Kokusaku Yōkō (基本国策要綱) during the Fumimaro Konoe administration.

during World War II, used as a nationalistic slogan to rationalize overseas expansion


事象の地平面

じしょう の ちへいめん

事(じ)象(しょう)の地(ち)平(へい)面(めん) • (jishō no chiheimen)

事象の地平面 (canonical)
jishō no chiheimen (romanization)

事象 (jishō, “event”) + の (no, attributive particle) + 地平面 (chiheimen, “horizontal plane”)


怪盗

ja-noun

怪(かい)盗(とう) • (kaitō) ^(←くわいたう (kwaitau)?)

怪盗 (canonical)
kaitō (romanization)
kwaitau (romanization)
くわいたう (hiragana historical)

Uncertain. May be from Middle Chinese 怪盜 (kˠuɛiᴴ dɑuᴴ, literally “peculiar thief”), or alternatively may be a coinage in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived elements as a compound of 怪 (kai, “phantom”) + 盗 (tō, “stealing, thievery; thief”).

compound

黒いマントをはおるキザな怪盗。杖を振って、相手を魅了する。

1999 March 27, “魅惑の怪盗 [The Bewitching Phantom Thief]”, in Vol.2, Konami

A smug phantom thief in a black cape. He mesmerizes his opponents with a mere cane swing.

Kuroi manto o haoru kiza na kaitō. Tsue o futte, aite o miryō suru.

パリじゃ評判になってるよ…フランスの怪盗黒猫が日本で君と対決するとね…

2007 March 15, Gosho Aoyama, “ゴールデン・アイの巻【前編】 [Golden Eye (First Chapter)]”, in まじっく快斗 (まじっく快斗) [Magic Kaito], volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan

News of the showdown in Japan… between the French phantom thief Chat Noir and you is spreading all over Paris…

Pari ja hyōban ni natteru yo… Furansu no kaitō Sha Nowāru ga Nippon de kimi to taiketsu suru to ne…

a mysterious "phantom thief" in Japanese fiction, who excels at theatrics and evading capture and who steals for thrill rather than for personal gain


電磁場

electromagnetic field
electromagnetic field


伝染病

伝染病 (canonical)
densenbyō (romanization)


クラブ

[kɯ̟ᵝɾa̠bɯ̟ᵝ]

Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:クラブ
ja:クラブ (シンボル)
ja:松村明

クラブのＫはマケドニアのアレクサンダー大王

2001 March 10 [1998 December 16], Motohiro Katou, “ミネルヴァの梟 [Owl of Minerva]”, in Ｑ.Ｅ.Ｄ. 証明終了 (Ｑ.Ｅ.Ｄ. 証明終了) [Q.E.D. Quod Erat Demonstrandum], 9th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, page 102

The king of clubs is Alexander the Great of Macedonia

Kurabu no kingu wa Makedonia no Arekusandā Daiō


エンジン

(engineering) an engine, a mechanical device


強姦

強姦致死傷罪

(crime of) rape (or attempted rape) resulting in death or injury


切断

[se̞t͡sɨᵝdã̠ɴ]

From 切 (setsu, “cut; sever”) + 断 (dan, “detach by severing”).

cutting, cutting off, severance, amputation


切除

切 (setsu, “cut, sever”) + 除 (jo, “rid of, clear away”)


伝導帯

(physics) conduction band; a range of electron energies in an insulator or semiconductor in which electrons can move freely and transport charge.


算法

ja-noun

算(さん)法(ぽう) • (sanpō) ^(←さんぱふ (sanpafu)?)

算法 (canonical)
sanpō (romanization)
sanpafu (romanization)
さんぱふ (hiragana historical)


励起子

From 励起(れいき) (reiki, “exciting”) + 子(し) (shi, “object”).


純正律

純正律 (canonical)
junseiritsu (romanization)


禁制帯

禁制帯 (canonical)
kinseitai (romanization)

(physics) valence band; a highest range of electron energies in an insulator or semiconductor that can be populated; it corresponds to the valence electrons of the constituent atoms


競売

競(きょう)売(ばい) • (kyōbai) ^(←きやうばい (kyaubai)?)

競売 (canonical)
kyōbai (romanization)
kyaubai (romanization)
きやうばい (hiragana historical)
けいばい (alternative hiragana)
keibai (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)


運動エネルギー

運動エネルギー (canonical)
undō enerugī (romanization)

[ɯ̟̃ᵝndo̞ː e̞ne̞ɾɯ̟ᵝɡʲiː]

運動 (undō, “movement”) + エネルギー (enerugī, “energy”)


代理店

From 代理 (dairi, “represent”) + 店 (ten, “shop”).

(business) distributor; agency; official reseller


フェチ

フェティシズム フェティシズム#Japanese

(sex) Clipping of フェティシズム (“fetishism”).

フェティシスト フェティシスト#Japanese

(sex) Clipping of フェティシスト (“fetishist”).


ガソリン

[ɡa̠so̞ɾʲĩɴ]


爪切り

爪切り (canonical)
tsumekiri (romanization)

Korean: 쓰메끼리 (sseumekkiri)

Compound of 爪 (tsume, “nails, claws”) + 切り (kiri, “cutting, cutter”, stem of verb 切る, kiru, “to cut”).

stem of verb <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">切る</i>, kiru, “to cut”


橙色

ja-noun

橙(だいだい)色(いろ) or 橙(とう)色(しょく) • (daidaiiro or tōshoku) ^(←たうしょく (tausyoku)?)

橙色 (canonical)
橙色 (canonical)
daidaiiro (romanization)
tōshoku (romanization)
tausyoku (romanization)
たうしょく (hiragana historical)

[to̞ːɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]


短歌

tanka; a form of Japanese verse in five lines of 5-7-5-7-7 syllables.


万年筆

万(まん)年(ねん)筆(ひつ) or 万(まん)年(ねん)筆(ふで) • (mannenhitsu or mannenfude) (counter 本)

万年筆 (canonical)
万年筆 (canonical)
mannenhitsu (romanization)
mannenfude (romanization)
本 (counter)

[mã̠nːẽ̞ɰ̃ɸɯ̟ᵝde̞]

[mã̠nːẽ̞ɰ̃çi̥t͡sɨᵝ]

万年 (mannen, “ten thousand years; eternity”) + 筆 (hitsu, fude, “pen”)


接見

接見する (canonical)
sekken suru (romanization)
接見し (stem)
接見した (past)
接見し
せっけんし
sekken shi
接見する
せっけんする
sekken suru
接見すれ
せっけんすれ
sekken sure
接見せよ (imperative literary)
接見しろ (colloquial imperative)
せっけんせよ (imperative literary)
せっけんしろ (colloquial imperative)
sekken seyo (imperative literary)
sekken shiro (colloquial imperative)
接見される (passive)
せっけんされる (passive)
sekken sareru (passive)
接見させる (causative)
接見さす (causative)
せっけんさせる (causative)
せっけんさす (causative)
sekken saseru (causative)
sekken sasu (causative)
接見できる (potential)
せっけんできる (potential)
sekken dekiru (potential)
接見しよう (volitional)
せっけんしよう (volitional)
sekken shiyō (volitional)
接見しない (negative)
せっけんしない (negative)
sekken shinai (negative)
接見せず (continuative negative)
せっけんせず (continuative negative)
sekken sezu (continuative negative)
接見します (formal)
せっけんします (formal)
sekken shimasu (formal)
接見した (perfective)
せっけんした (perfective)
sekken shita (perfective)
接見して (conjunctive)
せっけんして (conjunctive)
sekken shite (conjunctive)
接見すれば (conditional hypothetical)
せっけんすれば (conditional hypothetical)
sekken sureba (conditional hypothetical)


踏み切る

ja-verb

踏(ふ)み切(き)る • (fumikiru) transitive godan (stem 踏(ふ)み切(き)り (fumikiri), past 踏(ふ)み切(き)った (fumikitta))

踏み切る (canonical)
fumikiru (romanization)
踏み切り (stem)
踏み切った (past)
踏み切ら
ふみきら
fumikira
踏み切り
ふみきり
fumikiri
踏み切る
ふみきる
fumikiru
踏み切れ
ふみきれ
fumikire
踏み切られる (passive)
ふみきられる (passive)
fumikirareru (passive)
踏み切らせる (causative)
踏み切らす (causative)
ふみきらせる (causative)
ふみきらす (causative)
fumikiraseru (causative)
fumikirasu (causative)
踏み切れる (potential)
ふみきれる (potential)
fumikireru (potential)
踏み切ろう (volitional)
ふみきろう (volitional)
fumikirō (volitional)
踏み切らない (negative)
ふみきらない (negative)
fumikiranai (negative)
踏み切らず (continuative negative)
ふみきらず (continuative negative)
fumikirazu (continuative negative)
踏み切ります (formal)
ふみきります (formal)
fumikirimasu (formal)
踏み切った (perfective)
ふみきった (perfective)
fumikitta (perfective)
踏み切って (conjunctive)
ふみきって (conjunctive)
fumikitte (conjunctive)
踏み切れば (conditional hypothetical)
ふみきれば (conditional hypothetical)
fumikireba (conditional hypothetical)

From 踏む (fumu, "step on," "tread on," "stamp") + 切る (kiru, "perform an action boldly").


母艦

Compound of 母 (bo, “mother”) + 艦 (kan, “warship”), calque of English mother ship. First used during the Meiji period (1868–1912).

「本隊ノ六隻第二遊撃隊ノ六隻本隊附属八重山、天城ノ二艦（磐城ハ本隊ト行違ニ淺水灣ニ赴ケルモノ、如シ近江丸ハ本日佐世保ヨリ到着ノ見込）外ニ第一遊撃隊ノ秋津洲、水雷艇隊ノ母艦山城丸」
Hontai no rokuseki daini yūgekitai no rokuseki hontai fuzoku Yaeyama, Amagi no nikan (Iwaki wa hontai to yukichigai ni Sensui-wan ni omomukeru mono, gotoshi Ōmi-maru wa honjitsu Sasebo yori tōchaku no mikomi) gai ni daiichi yūgekitai no Akitsushima, suiraitei-tai no bokan Yamashiro-maru
Aside from two warships belonging to Yaeyama and Amagi, attached to six ships of the second floating column, six ships of the main force (the Iwaki to miss the main force and head to Repulse Bay, likewise the Ōmi-maru expected to arrive from Sasebo today), the first floating column's Akitsushima and the torpedo-boat squad mothership [tender] Yamashiro-maru

1894, 大本營海軍參謀部 (Dai Hon'ei Kaigun Sanbō-bu, “Imperial HQ, Navy Staff Section”), 聯合艦隊出征報告 (Rengō Kantai Shussei Hōkoku, “Report on Combined Fleet Campaigns”), page 183


月見

Compound of 月 (tsuki, “moon”) + 見 (mi, “viewing, seeing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 見る miru “to see, to watch”).

compound

the <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 見る miru “to see, to watch”

moon viewing, generally of the full moon

a type of cuisine, with one egg in the center of the dish, either raw or sunny-side up, with the yolk representing the full moon


仕切る

ja-verb

仕(し)切(き)る • (shikiru) transitive godan (stem 仕(し)切(き)り (shikiri), past 仕(し)切(き)った (shikitta))

仕切る (canonical)
shikiru (romanization)
仕切り (stem)
仕切った (past)
仕切ら
しきら
shikira
仕切り
しきり
shikiri
仕切る
しきる
shikiru
仕切れ
しきれ
shikire
仕切られる (passive)
しきられる (passive)
shikirareru (passive)
仕切らせる (causative)
仕切らす (causative)
しきらせる (causative)
しきらす (causative)
shikiraseru (causative)
shikirasu (causative)
仕切れる (potential)
しきれる (potential)
shikireru (potential)
仕切ろう (volitional)
しきろう (volitional)
shikirō (volitional)
仕切らない (negative)
しきらない (negative)
shikiranai (negative)
仕切らず (continuative negative)
しきらず (continuative negative)
shikirazu (continuative negative)
仕切ります (formal)
しきります (formal)
shikirimasu (formal)
仕切った (perfective)
しきった (perfective)
shikitta (perfective)
仕切って (conjunctive)
しきって (conjunctive)
shikitte (conjunctive)
仕切れば (conditional hypothetical)
しきれば (conditional hypothetical)
shikireba (conditional hypothetical)

[ɕi̥kʲiɾɯ̟ᵝ]

From 仕(し) (shi, “do”) + 切(き)る (kiru, “cut off by a partition”).


急行

ja-noun

急(きゅう)行(こう) • (kyūkō) ^(←きふかう (kifukau)?)

急行 (canonical)
kyūkō (romanization)
kifukau (romanization)
きふかう (hiragana historical)

オリエント急行の殺人

express (quick mode of transportation, particularly of trains)

特別急行

特別急行 とくべつきゅうこう

特急, 特別急行

特別急行 とくべつきゅうこう

超特急

超特急 ちょうとっきゅう


平日

Compound of 平(ひら) (hira, “broad, flat”) + 日(ひ) (hi, “day”). The hi of 日 changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


平日

From Middle Chinese compound 平日 (MC bjaeng nyit).


カレーライス

[ka̠ɾe̞ː ɾa̠isɨᵝ]


車輪の再発明

ja-noun

しゃりん の さいはつめい

車(しゃ)輪(りん)の再(さい)発(はつ)明(めい) • (sharin no saihatsumei)

車輪の再発明 (canonical)
sharin no saihatsumei (romanization)

reinventing the wheel
reinvent the wheel

(idiomatic, computing) reinventing the wheel


飲み会

Compound of 飲み (nomi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 飲む (nomu, “to drink”)) + 会 (kai, “meeting; party”).


英会話

ja-noun

英(えい)会(かい)話(わ) • (eikaiwa) ^(←えいくゎいわ (eikwaiwa)?)

英会話 (canonical)
eikaiwa (romanization)
eikwaiwa (romanization)
えいくゎいわ (hiragana historical)

流暢な英会話

英会話の先生

英会話学校

a school for teaching conversation in English

(especially education) conversation in English


ハヤシライス

Disputed. One theory holds that the dish was named for Hayashi Yūteki, a Japanese educator, politician, and businessman. An alternate theory derives the name from ハヤシ (hayashi) + ライス (raisu), from English hash and rice.

a dish popular in Japan that usually contains beef, onions, and button mushrooms in a thick demi-glace sauce which often contains red wine and tomato sauce, over rice

Hayashi rice
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:ハヤシライス


汚職

汚職事件で逮捕された。


キャバクラ

[kʲa̠ba̠kɯ̟ᵝɾa̠]

Blend of キャバレー (kyabarē, “cabaret”) + クラブ (kurabu, “club”).

blend

キャバクラ嬢

キャバレー キャバレー#Japanese

Clipping of キャバレークラブ (kyabarē kurabu, “cabaret club”).


獣耳

獣耳 (canonical)
獣耳 (canonical)
kemonomimi (romanization)

Compound of 獣 (kemono, “animal, beast”) + 耳 (mimi, “ear”).

compound

(neologism) animal ears, as worn or possessed by a human or humanoid


くさい

ja-adj

くさい • (kusai) -i (adverbial くさく (kusaku))

Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai
Nihon Shoki
Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 logographically as 臰, and in the Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki of 794 as 久佐之. In turn, from Proto-Japonic *kusa. Cognate with 糞(くそ) (kuso, “feces, arse, shit”) and 腐(くさ)る (kusaru, “to rot”).

stinking, smelly, pungent; giving off a bad smell


アイオーン

ja-noun

アイオーン • (aiōn)


ピッコロ

Borrowed from English piccolo, from Italian piccolo (“small”).


暗室

[ã̠ɰ̃ɕi̥t͡sɨᵝ]

a darkroom (dark room where photographs are developed)


ノイズ

noise on a television signal, radio signal, or telephone connection caused by random fluctuations


唐揚げ

Japanese-style fried meat (usually chicken) or food in general; karaage.


水道水

水道 (“tap, water service”) + 水 (“water”).


軍艦

→ Yami: gengkang

[ɡɯ̟̃ᵝŋkã̠ɴ]


私立大学

私立大学 (canonical)
shiritsudaigaku (romanization)

私立(しりつ) (shiritsu) + 大学(だいがく) (daigaku).


オパール

オパール • (opāru)

(mineralogy) opal, a mineral consisting, like quartz, of silica, but inferior to quartz in hardness and specific gravity


マフラー

mafurā (romanization)
枚 (counter)
本 (CJK)

[ma̠ɸɯ̟ᵝɾa̠ː]

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Muffler
Scarf
ja:NHK出版
ja:NHK放送文化研究所
ja:マフラー (原動機)
ja:松村明
ja:襟巻き

(clothing) a scarf, a muffler (a neckwarmer)

(automotive) a muffler (a device attached to a vehicle's exhaust to reduce the sound)


ダイヤグラム

[da̠ija̠ɡɯ̟ᵝɾa̠mɯ̟ᵝ]

(rail transport) diagram: posted schedule for a form of transportation such as a train or airplane


黄金比

黄(おう)金(ごん)比(ひ) • (ōgonhi) ^(←わうごんひ (waugonfi)?)

黄金比 (canonical)
ōgonhi (romanization)
waugonfi (romanization)
わうごんひ (hiragana historical)

[o̞ːɡõ̞ɰ̃çi]

From 黄金 (ōgon, “gold”) + 比 (hi, “ratio”).


任天堂

ja-pos

任(にん)天(てん)堂(どう) • (Nintendō) ^(←にんてんだう (Nintendau)?)

任天堂 (canonical)
Nintendō (romanization)
Nintendau (romanization)
にんてんだう (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 任天堂 (Rèntiāntáng)

→ English: Nintendo

According to Hiroshi Yamauchi, the company name derived from the phrase 運を天に任せる (un o ten ni makaseru, literally “leave luck to heaven”).
Other sources suggest the word 天 (ten, literally “heaven”) is the first character of 天狗 (tengu), a kind of monster in Japanese folklore which is sometimes connected to gambling and may therefore be a reference to the company’s initial product of hanafuda cards, thus yielding an interpretation of the company name as a “temple of trusted cards”.


コルセット

Corset Daijirin ja:NHK出版 ja:NHK放送文化研究所 ja:コルセット


トマトジュース

From English tomato juice, equivalent to トマト (tomato, “tomato”) + ジュース (jūsu, “juice”).

compound

寝汗もベトベトじゃ アレ？まっ赤じゃ…あートマトジュース飲んだから

2004 November 9, Hideaki Sorachi, “第二十六訓 旅にはパンツは忘れてもUNOは忘れるな [Lesson 26: Never Forget to Bring UNO on a Trip Even If You Might Forget Your Underwear]”, in 銀魂 (銀魂) [Silver Soul], volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha

I’m all sticky with all this sweat. What? It’s crimson… Oh, must’ve been the tomato juice I drank

Nease mo betobeto ja Are? Makka ja… Ā tomato jūsu nonda kara


胚盤葉

胚盤葉 (canonical)
haiban'yō (romanization)


乳酸

[ɲ̟ɯ̟ᵝːsã̠ɴ]


教育学

ja-noun

教(きょう)育(いく)学(がく) • (kyōikugaku) ^(←けういくがく (keuikugaku)?)

教育学 (canonical)
kyōikugaku (romanization)
keuikugaku (romanization)
けういくがく (hiragana historical)

[kʲo̞ːikɯ̟ᵝɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

From 教育 (kyōiku, “education”) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy”).

suf

(education) pedagogy (activities of educating, teaching or instructing)


狂犬病

ja-noun

狂(きょう)犬(けん)病(びょう) • (kyōkenbyō) ^(←きやうけびあゆ (kyaukebiayu)?)

狂犬病 (canonical)
kyōkenbyō (romanization)
kyaukebiayu (romanization)
きやうけびあゆ (hiragana historical)

[kʲo̞ːkẽ̞mbʲo̞ː]

From 狂犬 (kyōken, “rabid dog”) + 病 (-byō, “illness”).


手淫

手淫する (canonical)
shuin suru (romanization)
手淫し (stem)
手淫した (past)
手淫し
しゅいんし
shuin shi
手淫する
しゅいんする
shuin suru
手淫すれ
しゅいんすれ
shuin sure
手淫せよ (imperative literary)
手淫しろ (colloquial imperative)
しゅいんせよ (imperative literary)
しゅいんしろ (colloquial imperative)
shuin seyo (imperative literary)
shuin shiro (colloquial imperative)
手淫される (passive)
しゅいんされる (passive)
shuin sareru (passive)
手淫させる (causative)
手淫さす (causative)
しゅいんさせる (causative)
しゅいんさす (causative)
shuin saseru (causative)
shuin sasu (causative)
手淫できる (potential)
しゅいんできる (potential)
shuin dekiru (potential)
手淫しよう (volitional)
しゅいんしよう (volitional)
shuin shiyō (volitional)
手淫しない (negative)
しゅいんしない (negative)
shuin shinai (negative)
手淫せず (continuative negative)
しゅいんせず (continuative negative)
shuin sezu (continuative negative)
手淫します (formal)
しゅいんします (formal)
shuin shimasu (formal)
手淫した (perfective)
しゅいんした (perfective)
shuin shita (perfective)
手淫して (conjunctive)
しゅいんして (conjunctive)
shuin shite (conjunctive)
手淫すれば (conditional hypothetical)
しゅいんすれば (conditional hypothetical)
shuin sureba (conditional hypothetical)


尿道球腺液

ja-noun

にょうどうきゅうせんえき

尿(にょう)道(どう)球(きゅう)腺(せん)液(えき) • (nyōdōkyūsen'eki)

尿道球腺液 (canonical)
nyōdōkyūsen'eki (romanization)

[ɲ̟o̞ːdo̞ːkʲɨᵝːsẽ̞ɰ̃e̞kʲi]


メンバー

メンバー • (menbā)

(programming) member in object-oriented programming


古時計

古時計 (canonical)
furudokei (romanization)

From 古(ふる)い (furui, “old”) + 時計(とけい) (tokei, “clock”). The tokei changes to dokei as an instance of rendaku (連濁)..


パイ

From English pi, ultimately from Ancient Greek πεῖ (peî).


週刊

ja-noun

週(しゅう)刊(かん) • (shūkan) ^(←しうかん (siukan)?)

週刊 (canonical)
shūkan (romanization)
siukan (romanization)
しうかん (hiragana historical)

weekly (publication that is published once a week)


広島

Hiroshima (the capital city of Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


ハック

ハックする (canonical)
hakku suru (romanization)
ハックし (stem)
ハックした (past)
ハックし
hakku shi
ハックする
hakku suru
ハックすれ
hakku sure
ハックせよ (imperative literary)
ハックしろ (colloquial imperative)
hakku seyo (imperative literary)
hakku shiro (colloquial imperative)
ハックされる (passive)
hakku sareru (passive)
ハックさせる (causative)
ハックさす (causative)
hakku saseru (causative)
hakku sasu (causative)
ハックできる (potential)
hakku dekiru (potential)
ハックしよう (volitional)
hakku shiyō (volitional)
ハックしない (negative)
hakku shinai (negative)
ハックせず (continuative negative)
hakku sezu (continuative negative)
ハックします (formal)
hakku shimasu (formal)
ハックした (perfective)
hakku shita (perfective)
ハックして (conjunctive)
hakku shite (conjunctive)
ハックすれば (conditional hypothetical)
hakku sureba (conditional hypothetical)


デリバティブ

derivative (financial instrument whose value depends on the valuation of an underlying instrument)


ファ

(music) fa, the fourth note of a major scale


エルニーニョ

[e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ ɲ̟iːɲ̟o̞]

Borrowed from Spanish El Niño (“The Boy”).

ja:エルニーニョ・南方振動


フーガ

フーガ • (fūga)


封建制度

封建制度 (canonical)
hōkenseido (romanization)

封建(ほうけん) (hōken, “feudalism”) + 制度(せいど) (seido, “system”).


紋章学

ja-noun

紋(もん)章(しょう)学(がく) • (monshōgaku) ^(←もんしやうがく (monsyaugaku)?)

紋章学 (canonical)
monshōgaku (romanization)
monsyaugaku (romanization)
もんしやうがく (hiragana historical)

[mõ̞ɰ̃ɕo̞ːɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

From 紋章 (monshō, “crest”) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy; -graphy”).

suf

heraldry (the profession of devising and blazoning arms)


古兵

ja-noun

古(こ)兵(へい) or 古(ふる)兵(つわもの) • (kohei or furutsuwamono)

古兵 (canonical)
古兵 (canonical)
kohei (romanization)
furutsuwamono (romanization)


風車

From Middle Chinese 風車 (MC pjuwng tsyhae, “wind + wheel”).


風車

風車 (canonical)
kazaguruma (romanization)

[ka̠za̠ɡɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝma̠]

Clematis patens
Pinwheel (toy)
ja:カザグルマ
ja:風車 (将棋)

Compound of 風 (kaza, “wind”, the older combining form) + 車 (kuruma, “wheel”). The kuruma changes to guruma as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

com

ね、風が吹いているよ、風車を回そう。

Hey, the wind's blowing, let's spin pinwheels.

Ne, kaze ga fuite iru yo, kazaguruma o mawasō.

a pinwheel, a toy that spins in the wind

a crest in the shape of a windmill or pinwheel


記紀

Abbreviation of 古事記 (Kojiki, “Records of Ancient Matters”) and 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki, “Chronicles of Japan”).

abbrev

記紀歌謡 ― ^kiki kayō ― Kiki poetry

記紀神話 ― ^kiki shinwa ― Kiki mythology

the Records of Ancient Matters and the Chronicles of Japan (the two oldest book of Japanese history)


シチリア語

シチリア語 (canonical)
Shichiriago (romanization)


ライフル

ライフル射撃競技

射撃競技 しゃげききょうぎ


かつおぶし

ja-noun

かつおぶし • (katsuobushi) ^(←かつをぶし (katwobusi)?)

katsuobushi (romanization)
katwobusi (romanization)
かつをぶし (hiragana historical)

→ English: katsuobushi

→ Korean: 가쓰오부시 (gasseuobusi)

[ka̠t͡sɨᵝo̞bɯ̟ᵝɕi]

From 鰹 (katsuo, “skipjack tuna”) + 節 (fushi, “part, section”). The fushi changes to bushi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

com

katsuobushi (dried, fermented, and smoked skipjack tuna)


性指向

abbreviation of 性的指向 (seiteki shikō, “sexual orientation”)


味醂

(cooking) mirin, a type of Japanese sake used for cooking


弱視

ja-noun

弱(じゃく)視(し) • (jakushi) ^(←じやくし (zyakusi)?)

弱視 (canonical)
jakushi (romanization)
zyakusi (romanization)
じやくし (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑa̠kɯ̟ᵝɕi]


八橋

八橋 (canonical)
yatsuhashi (romanization)

The name is thought to either derive from the shape, resembling a koto in memory of Yatsuhashi Kengyō, an early-Edo period musician who started the modern tradition of koto music; or from the location where it was first prepared, which was close to Mikawa-no-kuni Yatsuhashi, an area in modern-day Chiba Prefecture.

a Japanese confectionery which is a famous regional food of Kyoto


エリンギ

From Italian eryngi (“Pleurotus eryngii”).

Pleurotus eryngii
Pleurotus eryngii#Translingual


筑子

a Japanese percussion instrument made from wooden slats


王朝

王朝 (canonical)
ōchō (romanization)
wauteu (romanization)
わうてう (hiragana historical)


土笛

土(つち) (tsuchi, “earth”) + 笛(ふえ) (fue, “bamboo flute”)


法竹

an end-blown vertical bamboo flute used in traditional Japanese music, similar to the shakuhachi; hotchiku


拍子木

From 拍子 (hyōshi, “beat”) + 木 (ki, “wood”).

(music) a Japanese percussion instrument made of two pieces of hardwood or bamboo that are tied together with a rope and struck together


編木

Compound of 編 (bin, irregular reading; possibly refers to the way the instrument is bound together) + 簓 (ささら, “bamboo whisk or broom”, which this instrument resembles). The sasara changes to zasara as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

compound

(music) a Japanese percussion instrument made of wooden slats


逮捕

逮捕状


逮捕

逮捕する (canonical)
taiho suru (romanization)
逮捕し (stem)
逮捕した (past)
逮捕し
たいほし
taiho shi
逮捕する
たいほする
taiho suru
逮捕すれ
たいほすれ
taiho sure
逮捕せよ (imperative literary)
逮捕しろ (colloquial imperative)
たいほせよ (imperative literary)
たいほしろ (colloquial imperative)
taiho seyo (imperative literary)
taiho shiro (colloquial imperative)
逮捕される (passive)
たいほされる (passive)
taiho sareru (passive)
逮捕させる (causative)
逮捕さす (causative)
たいほさせる (causative)
たいほさす (causative)
taiho saseru (causative)
taiho sasu (causative)
逮捕できる (potential)
たいほできる (potential)
taiho dekiru (potential)
逮捕しよう (volitional)
たいほしよう (volitional)
taiho shiyō (volitional)
逮捕しない (negative)
たいほしない (negative)
taiho shinai (negative)
逮捕せず (continuative negative)
たいほせず (continuative negative)
taiho sezu (continuative negative)
逮捕します (formal)
たいほします (formal)
taiho shimasu (formal)
逮捕した (perfective)
たいほした (perfective)
taiho shita (perfective)
逮捕して (conjunctive)
たいほして (conjunctive)
taiho shite (conjunctive)
逮捕すれば (conditional hypothetical)
たいほすれば (conditional hypothetical)
taiho sureba (conditional hypothetical)

警察は容疑者を逮捕した。


脱衣麻雀

ja-noun

脱衣麻雀(だついマージャン) • (datsui mājan)

脱衣麻雀 (canonical)
datsui mājan (romanization)

Compound of 脱衣 (datsui, “removing clothing, undressing, stripping”) + 麻雀 (mājan, “mahjong”).

compound

(games) strip mahjong, a Japanese tile game based on mahjong, whereby the loser has to remove an item of clothing.

脱衣花札

脱衣花札 だついはなふだ


脱衣花札

脱衣花札 (canonical)
datsui hanafuda (romanization)

Compound of 脱衣 (datsui, “removing clothing, undressing, stripping”) + 花札 (hanafuda, “flower cards”, traditional Japanese playing cards).

(card games) strip hanafuda, a Japanese card game similar to strip poker played with hanafuda playing cards, whereby the loser has to remove an item of clothing

脱衣麻雀

脱衣麻雀 だついマージャン


スクーター

ja-noun

スクーター • (sukūtā)

[sɨ̥ᵝkɯ̟ᵝːta̠ː]

しかし、いよいよバイクを買おうとしたタイミングでバイクとスクーターの違いが分からず、どれを買えば良いか分からなくなってしまう方がいるかもしれません。

2018 October 23, “‘Baiku’ to ‘sukūtā’ no chigai tte nani? [What’s the difference between a ‘motorbike’ and a ‘motor scooter’?]”, in Naps On Magazine

But, when it comes time to buy a bike, without knowing the difference between a motorbike and a scooter, there are probably those who won’t be able to decide which to buy.

Shikashi, iyoiyo baiku o kaō to shita taimingu de baiku to sukūtā no chigai ga wakarazu, dore o kaeba ii ka wakaranakunatte shimau kata ga iru kamoshiremasen.


ジョックストラップ

ja:ジョックストラップ


カラクン

Synonym of 七面鳥 (shichimenchō, “turkey”) (bird)


カラクン鳥

カラクン鳥 (canonical)
karakunchō (romanization)

カラクン (karakun, “turkey”) + 鳥 (chō, “bird”)


バッテリー

(electronics) Synonym of 電池 (denchi, “battery”) (device storing electricity)

電池

(baseball, softball) a battery (the catcher and the pitcher together)

(weaponry) a battery (coordinated group of artillery)