私生子

私生子 (canonical)
shiseishi (romanization)

bastard (person born to unmarried parents)


Indicating the lengthening of a pronunciation.


タイ

ja:タイ (音楽記号)


繁体字

From Chinese 繁體字／繁体字 (fántǐzì) (left: traditional / right: simplified).

Traditional Chinese character(s); Traditional Chinese


レンジ

(cooking) a cooker, a range, an oven or the like


国王

[ko̞kɯ̟ᵝo̞ː]


HDD

HDD (canonical)
eichi-dī-dī (romanization)

ハードディスクドライブ ハードディスクドライブ#Japanese


友達

From 友 (tomo, “friend”) + 達 (-tachi, pluralizing suffix). Originally plural, but also used in the singular sense in modern Japanese.


付立

(painting) a style of ink painting that avoids painting outlines, and requires a special brush called a tsuketatefude.

付立筆: a type of brush used in tsuketate-style ink painting


水墨画

水墨画 (canonical)
suibokuga (romanization)

[sɨᵝibo̞kɯ̟ᵝɡa̠]


宗教

ja-noun

宗(しゅう)教(きょう) • (shūkyō) ^(←しうけう (siukeu)?)

宗教 (canonical)
shūkyō (romanization)
siukeu (romanization)
しうけう (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 宗教 (zōngjiào)

→ Korean: 종교 (jonggyo)

→ Vietnamese: tôn giáo

From 宗 (shū, “sect”) + 教 (kyō, suffix for doctrine).


警察署

警察署 (canonical)
keisatsusho (romanization)

From 警察 (“keisatsu: police”) + 署 (“sho: station/office”).

compound

警察署長

警察署長 けいさつしょちょう


日本人

ja-noun

日(に)本(ほん)人(じん) or 日(にっ)本(ぽん)人(じん) • (nihonjin or nipponjin)

日本人 (canonical)
日 (にっ)本人 (canonical)
nihonjin (romanization)
nipponjin (romanization)

[ɲ̟ihõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]

[ɲ̟ip̚põ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]


火星

火星 (canonical)
Kasei (romanization)
Kwasei (romanization)
くわせい (hiragana historical)

/kwasei/ → /kaseː/
From Middle Chinese 火星 (MC xwaX seng, literally “fire star”).

ltc-l

火星の守護を受けた炎と情熱の戦士 セーラーマーズ！あなたもえらばれた戦士なのよ

2004 July 20 [2003 September 22], Naoko Takeuchi, “Act 3 レイ SAILORMARS [Act 3: Rei: SAILOR MARS]”, in [美少女戦士](Pretty Guardian)[セーラームーン](SAILORMOON) [Pretty Guardian SAILOR MOON], 5th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, page 122

The warrior of fire and passion under Mars, Sailor Mars! You’re also one of the chosen warriors

Kasei no shugo o uketa honō to jōnetsu no senshi Sērā Māzu! Anata mo erabareta senshi na no yo

The template Template:list:planets of the Solar System

ja does not use the parameter(s): Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.(planets of the Solar System) 太陽系の惑星


七月

七月 (canonical)
shichigatsu (romanization)

[ɕi̥t͡ɕiɡa̠t͡sɨᵝ]

七(しち) (shichi, “seven”) + 月(がつ) (gatsu, “month”)


ポルトガル語

ポルトガル語 (canonical)
porutogarugo (romanization)

[po̞ɾɯ̟ᵝto̞ɡa̠ɾɯ̟ᵝɡo̞]

ポルトガル (Porutogaru, “Portugal”) + 語 (-go, “language”)


LGBT

ja-noun

エル-ジー-ビー-ティー

LGBT (canonical)
eru-jī-bī-tī (romanization)

[e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝʑiːbʲiːtʲiː]

LGBTの権利

LGBTQ

LGBTQ エルジービーティーキュー


ラッパー

ラッパー • (rappā)

From English wrapper. Compare ラップ (ラップ).

Javaでは、int型やdouble型という基本データ型を、参照データ型に変換するために、ラッパークラスというものがjava.langパッケージで用意されています。

2007, Satō Shigeru, Hajimete no Java puroguramingu [Introduction to Java programming], page 227

In Java, basic data types such as int or double types are converted to reference data using what is called the wrapper class provided in the java.lang package.

Java de wa, int gata ya double gata to iu kihon dēta gata o, sanshō dēta gata ni henkan suru tame ni, rappā kurasu to iu mono ga java.lang pakkēji de yōi sarete-imasu.

(computing) wrapper (program element that mediates access to another element)


太陽系

ja-pos

太(たい)陽(よう)系(けい) • (Taiyōkei) ^(←たいやうけい (tayaukei)?)

太陽系 (canonical)
Taiyōkei (romanization)
tayaukei (romanization)
たいやうけい (hiragana historical)

本日は太陽系航宙社東京゠ネオ・ヴェネツィア便をご利用いただき まことにありがとうございます 当機はまもなく 惑星アクアの大気圏に突入します
Honjitsu wa Taiyōkei Kōchūsha Tōkyō-Neo Venetsia bin o goriyō itadaki Makoto ni arigatō gozaimasu Tōki wa mamonaku wakusei Akua no taikiken ni totsunyū shimasu
You have been on Solar System Spaceline’s Tokyo–New Venice flight. Thank you for using our services. We are about to enter the planet Aqua’s atmosphere.

[2001 August 27, Kozue Amano, “Navigation01 水の惑星 [Navigation 01: The Water Planet]”, in AQUA (AQUA) [AQUA], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Enix, page 5


少女

ja-noun

少(しょう)女(じょ) • (shōjo) ^(←せうぢよ (seudyo)?)

少女 (canonical)
shōjo (romanization)
seudyo (romanization)
せうぢよ (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese compound 少女 (MC syewX|syewH nrjoX|nrjoH). Compare modern Mandarin 少女 (shàonǚ).

少女歌劇

少女歌劇 しょうじょかげき

a kind of traditional Japanese light drama with no male actors and mostly young girls playing the parts

少女趣味

少女趣味 しょうじょしゅみ

hobbies or interest common to young girls

(anime, manga) a style of anime and manga made for young women, shojo


少女

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 乙 (oto, “young, little”) + 女 (me, “female, girl”). Compare 男 (otoko, “man”), originally meaning "young boy".

少女さび

behavior appropriate to an adult unmarried woman

a type of sea vegetable in order Ectocarpales

young woman who dances kagura at a shrine

少女文楽

少女文楽 おとめぶんらく

a kind of one-person puppet show performed by girls or young women

(mythology) a celestial maiden, a fairy, a nymph

(Shinto) a young woman dancer performing at the 五節 (Gosechi) ceremony in the eleventh lunar month


ICBM

ICBM (canonical)
aishībīemu (romanization)

[a̠iɕiːbʲiːe̞mɯ̟ᵝ]


HP

ホームページ ホームページ#Japanese


肛門

肛門 (canonical)
kōmon (romanization)
kaumon (romanization)
かうもん (hiragana historical)

/kaumon/ → /kɔːmon/ → /koːmon/
From Middle Chinese 肛門 (MC kaewng|xaewng mwon, literally “anus + gate”). Compare modern Cantonese reading gong¹ mun⁴, Mandarin gāngmén.

ltc-l

肛門括約筋

肛門括約筋 こうもんかつやくきん

肛門性交

肛門性交 こうもんせいこう

肛門裂創

肛門裂創 こうもんれっそう

人工肛門

人工肛門 じんこうこうもん


キセノン

Sound shift from older クセノン (kusenon), itself a borrowing from German Xenon.
Listed in some references as a borrowing from English xenon. An English derivation would have been borrowed with the initial xe- rendered as ゼ (ze) or ジ (ji), whereas クセ (kuse) and キセ (kise) instead point to Dutch or German as the source language.

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Xenon
ja:キセノン
ja:松村明


ニット

夜景が輝くホテルの部屋でのカットでは、赤いニットをまとい大人の美しさを感じさせる笑顔を披露している。

2020 May 21, “齋藤飛鳥の秘蔵グラビアに絶賛の声 圧倒的美しさの近距離カットに「彼女感すごい!」”, in ORICON NEWS [ORICON NEWS]

A shot taken in a nighttime hotel room with a glimmering night scenery backdrop shows her wrapped in red knitwear and with a smile that lets readers feel adult beauty.

Yakei ga kagayaku hoteru no heya de no katto de wa, akai nitto o matoi otona no utsukushisa o kanjisaseru egao o hirō shiteiru.


カリウム

[ka̠ɾʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]

Borrowed from New Latin kalium by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1837 in his book 舎密開宗 (Seimi Kaisō, “Introduction to Chemistry”). Later influenced by German Kalium.


語彙

語彙 (canonical)
goi (romanization)
gowi (romanization)
ごゐ (hiragana historical)

語(ご) (go, “word”) + 彙(い) (i, “collection”)

ja-compound

語彙力

strength (extent, size) of one's vocabulary


とる

ja-verb

とる • (toru) transitive godan (stem とり (tori), past とった (totta))

toru (romanization)
とり (stem)
とった (past)
とら
tora
とり
tori
とる
toru
とれ
tore
とられる (passive)
torareru (passive)
とらせる (causative)
とらす (causative)
toraseru (causative)
torasu (causative)
とれる (potential)
toreru (potential)
とろう (volitional)
torō (volitional)
とらない (negative)
toranai (negative)
とらず (continuative negative)
torazu (continuative negative)
とります (formal)
torimasu (formal)
とった (perfective)
totta (perfective)
とって (conjunctive)
totte (conjunctive)
とれば (conditional hypothetical)
toreba (conditional hypothetical)
とら (irrealis stem)
tora (irrealis stem)
とり (continuative stem)
tori (continuative stem)
とる (stem terminative)
toru (stem terminative)
とる (attributive stem)
toru (attributive stem)
とれ (realis stem)
tore (realis stem)
とれ (imperative stem)
tore (imperative stem)
とらず (negative)
torazu (negative)
とれど (contrastive)
toredo (contrastive)
とれば (causative)
toreba (causative)
とらば (conditional)
toraba (conditional)
とりき (past)
toriki (past)
とりけり (past)
torikeri (past)
とりつ (perfect)
toritu (perfect)
とりぬ (perfect)
torinu (perfect)
とれり (continuative perfect)
とりたり (continuative perfect)
toreri (continuative perfect)
toritari (continuative perfect)
とらむ (volitional)
toramu (volitional)


ベーコン

ja-noun

ベーコン • (bēkon)


豚肉

[bɯ̟ᵝta̠ɲ̟ikɯ̟ᵝ]


豚肉

[tõ̞ɲ̟ɲ̟ikɯ̟ᵝ]


To-kyo-

(rare) A romanization of the ー (long vowel mark).


ハム

Daijisen
ja:ハム (曖昧さ回避)
ja:ハム (聖書)
ja:松村明


ハム

ja:ハム (曖昧さ回避)

(electronics, telecommunications) noise emitted from a receiver or other equipment experiencing electrical interference


解決

解 (kai, “to solve”) + 決 (ketsu, “to decide”).

問題解決

問題解決 もんだいかいけつ

解決方法

解決方法 かいけつほうほう

解決手段

解決手段 かいけつしゅだん

(music) Progression from dissonance to consonance; a chord to which such progression is made; resolution


太陽

太陽 (canonical)
taiyō (romanization)
tayau (romanization)
たいやう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 太陽 (MC thajH yang, “sun”).


性交

性交する (canonical)
seikō suru (romanization)
seikau (romanization)
性交し (stem)
性交した (past)
性交し
せいこうし
seikō shi
性交する
せいこうする
seikō suru
性交すれ
せいこうすれ
seikō sure
性交せよ (imperative literary)
性交しろ (colloquial imperative)
せいこうせよ (imperative literary)
せいこうしろ (colloquial imperative)
seikō seyo (imperative literary)
seikō shiro (colloquial imperative)
性交される (passive)
せいこうされる (passive)
seikō sareru (passive)
性交させる (causative)
性交さす (causative)
せいこうさせる (causative)
せいこうさす (causative)
seikō saseru (causative)
seikō sasu (causative)
性交できる (potential)
せいこうできる (potential)
seikō dekiru (potential)
性交しよう (volitional)
せいこうしよう (volitional)
seikō shiyō (volitional)
性交しない (negative)
せいこうしない (negative)
seikō shinai (negative)
性交せず (continuative negative)
せいこうせず (continuative negative)
seikō sezu (continuative negative)
性交します (formal)
せいこうします (formal)
seikō shimasu (formal)
性交した (perfective)
せいこうした (perfective)
seikō shita (perfective)
性交して (conjunctive)
せいこうして (conjunctive)
seikō shite (conjunctive)
性交すれば (conditional hypothetical)
せいこうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
seikō sureba (conditional hypothetical)

/seikau/ → /seikɔː/ → /seːkoː/
Ultimately from Middle Chinese compound 性交 (sjengᴴ kæw, literally “sex + cross”). Compare modern Hakka sin-kâu or Cantonese sing³ gaau¹.
First cited to a text from 1912.


SCSI

[sɨ̥ᵝka̠ʑiː]


陰茎

矮小陰茎(わいしょういんけい) (waishō inkei): micropenis

巨根(きょこん) (kyokon): massive root; monster cock

デカチン (dekachin): huge dick; monster cock


私語

私語をするんじゃない！

whisper, whispering; private or secret talk


私語

私語する (canonical)
shigo suru (romanization)
私語し (stem)
私語した (past)
私語し
しごし
shigo shi
私語する
しごする
shigo suru
私語すれ
しごすれ
shigo sure
私語せよ (imperative literary)
私語しろ (colloquial imperative)
しごせよ (imperative literary)
しごしろ (colloquial imperative)
shigo seyo (imperative literary)
shigo shiro (colloquial imperative)
私語される (passive)
しごされる (passive)
shigo sareru (passive)
私語させる (causative)
私語さす (causative)
しごさせる (causative)
しごさす (causative)
shigo saseru (causative)
shigo sasu (causative)
私語できる (potential)
しごできる (potential)
shigo dekiru (potential)
私語しよう (volitional)
しごしよう (volitional)
shigo shiyō (volitional)
私語しない (negative)
しごしない (negative)
shigo shinai (negative)
私語せず (continuative negative)
しごせず (continuative negative)
shigo sezu (continuative negative)
私語します (formal)
しごします (formal)
shigo shimasu (formal)
私語した (perfective)
しごした (perfective)
shigo shita (perfective)
私語して (conjunctive)
しごして (conjunctive)
shigo shite (conjunctive)
私語すれば (conditional hypothetical)
しごすれば (conditional hypothetical)
shigo sureba (conditional hypothetical)


生殖器

生殖器 (canonical)
seishokuki (romanization)


原子核

原子核 (canonical)
genshikaku (romanization)

[ɡẽ̞ɰ̃ɕi̥ka̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Compound of 原子 (genshi, “atom, atomic”) + 核 (kaku, “core, nucleus”).

Atomic nucleus
Daijirin
Daijisen
ja:原子核
ja:松村明


原子

Korean: 원자 (原子, wonja)


WHO

ja-pos

ダブリュー-エッチ-オー

WHO (canonical)
Daburyū-Etchi-Ō (romanization)

世界保健機関 世界保健機関#Japanese

Synonym of 世界保健機関 (Sekai Hoken Kikan, “World Health Organization”); the WHO


アルファベット

[a̠ɾɯ̟ᵝɸa̠be̞t̚to̞]


家族

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 家族 (MC kae dzuwk). However, not attested until 1808, so possibly a borrowing from modern written Chinese 家族 (jiāzú) with the expected Japanese reading applied.

ぼくらは幸せな家族になるよぜったい！

2015 July 27, Åsa Ekström, “第１話 (Daiichiwa) ようこそ、ここへ (Yōkoso, Koko E) [Chapter 1: Welcome Here]”, in さよならセプテンバー (Sayonara Seputenbā) [Goodbye September], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Creek & River

Bokura wa shiawase na kazoku ni naru yo zettai!


乗り換える

ja-verb

乗(の)り換(か)える • (norikaeru) ^(←のりかへる (norikaferu)?)transitive ichidan (stem 乗(の)り換(か)え (norikae), past 乗(の)り換(か)えた (norikaeta))

乗り換える (canonical)
norikaeru (romanization)
norikaferu (romanization)
乗り換え (stem)
乗り換えた (past)
乗り換え
のりかえ
norikae
乗り換える
のりかえる
norikaeru
乗り換えれ
のりかえれ
norikaere
乗り換えよ (imperative literary)
乗り換えろ (colloquial imperative)
のりかえよ (imperative literary)
のりかえろ (colloquial imperative)
norikaeyo (imperative literary)
norikaero (colloquial imperative)
乗り換えられる (passive)
のりかえられる (passive)
norikaerareru (passive)
乗り換えさせる (causative)
乗り換えさす (causative)
のりかえさせる (causative)
のりかえさす (causative)
norikaesaseru (causative)
norikaesasu (causative)
乗り換えられる (potential)
乗り換えれる (colloquial potential)
のりかえられる (potential)
のりかえれる (colloquial potential)
norikaerareru (potential)
norikaereru (colloquial potential)
乗り換えよう (volitional)
のりかえよう (volitional)
norikaeyō (volitional)
乗り換えない (negative)
乗り換えぬ (negative)
乗り換えん (negative)
のりかえない (negative)
のりかえぬ (negative)
のりかえん (negative)
norikaenai (negative)
norikaenu (negative)
norikaen (negative)
乗り換えず (continuative negative)
のりかえず (continuative negative)
norikaezu (continuative negative)
乗り換えます (formal)
のりかえます (formal)
norikaemasu (formal)
乗り換えた (perfective)
のりかえた (perfective)
norikaeta (perfective)
乗り換えて (conjunctive)
のりかえて (conjunctive)
norikaete (conjunctive)
乗り換えれば (conditional hypothetical)
のりかえれば (conditional hypothetical)
norikaereba (conditional hypothetical)

[no̞ɾʲika̠e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Compound of 乗り (nori, “getting on, riding”, from verb 乗る noru “to ride, to be on top of”) + 換える (kaeru, “to exchange, to change”).

compound

transfer, change (e.g., a bus or a train)


着物

Danish: kimono c

Portuguese: quimono m

Russian: кимоно́ n (kimonó)

Compound of 着 (ki, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 着る (kiru, “to wear on the upper body”)) + 物 (mono, “thing”).

着物道楽

着物道楽 きものどうらく

wear many different kimono for fun, as a diversion or hobby

長着: a specific synonym for what is typically called 'kimono'

留袖

An expensive, formal kimono, worn by married women.

訪問着

A semiformal kimono worn on formal visits.

色無地

A single-coloured formal kimono that may be worn by married and unmarried women alike.

襦袢

a type of undershirt worn under a kimono

十二単, 十二単衣, 十二一重

a ceremonial twelve-layered kimono worn by women of the imperial court

千早, 襅

a kind of ceremonial overcoat with a long white hem worn by the sweeper or branch-holder in certain Shinto ceremonies


摩訶薩埵

摩訶薩埵 (canonical)
makasatta (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 摩訶薩埵 (MC ma xa sat twaX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit महासत्त्व (mahāsattva, “great creature; great being”).

bor

(Buddhism) Synonym of 摩訶薩 (makasatsu): a great bodhisattva


比丘

Borrowed from Pali bhikkhu, from Sanskrit भिक्षु (bhikṣu).


カーマ

ja-noun

カーマ • (kāma)


土星

From Middle Chinese 土星 (MC thuX seng, literally “earth, soil + star”). The do reading for 土 is the kan'yōon or "customary reading", indicating a shift after borrowing.

ltc-l

——わたしは死の淵よりの使者 破滅の星土星を守護に持つ沈黙の戦士セーラーサターン
——Watashi wa shi no fuchi yori no shisha Hametsu no Hoshi Dosei o shugo ni motsu chinmoku no senshi Sērā Satān

2009 February 13 [2004 March 23], Naoko Takeuchi, “Act 37 無限11 無限大——審判 [Act 37: Infinity 11: Infinity——Judgment]”, in [美少女戦士](Pretty Guardian)[セーラームーン](SAILORMOON) [Pretty Guardian SAILOR MOON], 5th edition, volume 8 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, pages 88–89

——I am the messenger from the depths of death, the keeper of Saturn the Devastation Planet, the silent warrior, Sailor Saturn


アニメ

→ English: anime

→ Spanish: anime, ánime

→ Portuguese: anime, animé, animê

→ Russian: аниме (anime)

→ Hindi: ऐनिमे (ainime)

→ Burmese: အာနီမေ (anime)

→ Turkish: anime

Anime
Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Momotaro's Divine Sea Warriors
ja:アニメ
ja:松村明

Clipping of アニメーション (animēshon), itself borrowed from English animation.
Not directly related to French animé (“animated”).

(animation, anime) anime, Japanese animation

テレビアニメ


菩薩

/bosatɨ/ → /bosatʉ/ → /bosat͡sʉ/ → /bosat͡su/
Shift from bosachi below, adopting the kan'on reading for the second character, possibly indicating a later borrowing or other influence from Middle Chinese. Ultimately from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, literally “enlightened existence”) or Pali bodhisatta.
Compare modern Cantonese 菩薩／菩萨 (pou⁴ saat³).

妙見菩薩

妙見菩薩 みょうけんぼさつ

(Buddhism) Short for 菩提薩埵 (bodai-satta): a bodhisattva


菩薩

/bosatɨ/ → /bosat͡ɕi/
From Middle Chinese 菩薩 (MC bu sat), an abbreviation of 菩提薩埵 (MC bu dej sat twaX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, literally “enlightened existence”) or Pali bodhisatta. Uses the goon for both characters, indicating an earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese than the bosatsu reading above.

阿彌陀仏けうしのほさちおのおの白たんしてつくり奉りたる...

c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Suzumushi)

Amida-butsu kyōshi no bosachi onoono byakutan shite tsukuri tatematsuritaru...

(Buddhism, obsolete) Short for 菩提薩埵 (bodai-satta): a bodhisattva


和尚

和尚 (canonical)
oshō (romanization)
wosyau (romanization)
をしやう (hiragana historical)

(Zen or Pure Land Buddhism) Buddhist priest

a Buddhist priest who is the head of a temple or in a higher rank.

住職

a Buddhist priest who is the head of the temple or in a higher rank

title and style for high ranked Buddhist priests.

a Buddhist priest master who gives instructions to other priests.


和尚

ja-noun

和(か)尚(しょう) • (kashō) ^(←くわしやう (kwasyau)?)

和尚 (canonical)
kashō (romanization)
kwasyau (romanization)
くわしやう (hiragana historical)

(Tendai or Kegon Buddhism) preceptor; high priest


和尚

和尚 (canonical)
wajō (romanization)
wazyau (romanization)
わじやう (hiragana historical)

(Shingon, Hosso, Ritsu or Shin Buddhism) preceptor; high priest


重水

重(じゅう)水(すい) • (jūsui) ^(←ぢゆうすい (dyuusui)?)

重水 (canonical)
jūsui (romanization)
dyuusui (romanization)
ぢゆうすい (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑɨᵝːsɨᵝi]


Ba

(music) Abbreviation of ベース (bē, “bass guitar (of a rock band)”).


麻雀

First attested around the late Meiji period.
Borrowed from Mandarin 麻將／麻将 (májiàng).
The kanji form is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 麻雀 (máquè, literally “sparrow”), the original name for the game that is retained in some southern Chinese dialects.


Pascal

Pascal (canonical)
Pasukaru (alternative)

[pa̠sɨ̥ᵝka̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]


Web

Web上の情報
webu-jō no jōhō
online information


TS

ちなみに、なぜ日本で「TS」が一般的になったかというと、私が「yaysの性転換の館」開始時に、性同一障害に関するサイトから「TS」という用語を拝借してきて盛んに使っていたのも一因かもしれません。

2000, Yaesu, 八重洲メディアリサーチ [Yaesu Media Research], archived from the original on 2000-09-19

By the way, as for why 'TS' became popular in Japan, it might be because when I started 'Yays Gender Transformation Mansion,' I borrowed the term 'TS' from websites related to gender dysphoria and used it extensively.

F氏「ＴＳの定義についての明記なんですが一体ＴＳの定義って・・・・？例の決まりあるあの一言でいいのかな？「このサイトは男性が女性、あるいは女性が男性に変化するようなことを主題として扱っているサイトです～」

2000 May 28, Mr. F, “TS学入門 [Introduction to TS Studies]”, in TS-WEEK, archived from the original on 2006-06-06

"Regarding specifying the definition of TS... what exactly is the definition of TS? Is it enough to have that one specified phrase like, 'This site deals with themes where men become women, or vice versa'?"

ＴＳＦという言葉が使われ始める前（１９９９，２０００年頃）には、Ｔｒａｎｓｓｅｘｕａｌの略語であるＴＳという言葉が、前述のＴＳＦの意味と同様の意味を表す言葉として用いられていました。この用法は、八重洲性転換の館（現：八重洲メディアリサーチ）の主催者である八重洲さんの提案によるものです。なお、今でも多くの人がＴＳＦと同じ意味でＴＳという言葉を使っています。

2015 June 4, F_TSF, “ＴＳＦとは [What is TSF?]”, in TSFのF [blog], archived from the original on 2015-08-10

Before the term TSF came into use, the abbreviation "TS," standing for Transsexual, was used to convey a similar meaning around 1999-2000. This usage was proposed by Yaesu-san, the organizer of Yaesu Gender Transformation Mansion (now: Yaesu Media Research). Many people still use the term "TS" with the same meaning as TSF.

(fiction) genderswap; genderbend; sex change


TS

TSする (canonical)
tī-esu suru (romanization)
TSし (stem)
TSした (past)
TSし
ティーエスし
tīesu shi
TSする
ティーエスする
tīesu suru
TSすれ
ティーエスすれ
tīesu sure
TSせよ (imperative literary)
TSしろ (colloquial imperative)
ティーエスせよ (imperative literary)
ティーエスしろ (colloquial imperative)
tīesu seyo (imperative literary)
tīesu shiro (colloquial imperative)
TSされる (passive)
ティーエスされる (passive)
tīesu sareru (passive)
TSさせる (causative)
TSさす (causative)
ティーエスさせる (causative)
ティーエスさす (causative)
tīesu saseru (causative)
tīesu sasu (causative)
TSできる (potential)
ティーエスできる (potential)
tīesu dekiru (potential)
TSしよう (volitional)
ティーエスしよう (volitional)
tīesu shiyō (volitional)
TSしない (negative)
ティーエスしない (negative)
tīesu shinai (negative)
TSせず (continuative negative)
ティーエスせず (continuative negative)
tīesu sezu (continuative negative)
TSします (formal)
ティーエスします (formal)
tīesu shimasu (formal)
TSした (perfective)
ティーエスした (perfective)
tīesu shita (perfective)
TSして (conjunctive)
ティーエスして (conjunctive)
tīesu shite (conjunctive)
TSすれば (conditional hypothetical)
ティーエスすれば (conditional hypothetical)
tīesu sureba (conditional hypothetical)

美少女にTSしたい。

(fiction) to undergo a genderswap, genderbend, or sex change


首相

ja-noun

首(しゅ)相(しょう) • (shushō) ^(←しゆしやう (syusyau)?)

首相 (canonical)
shushō (romanization)
syusyau (romanization)
しゆしやう (hiragana historical)

ドイツの首相


アウトバーン

アウトバーン • (autobān)

高速道路

高速道路 こうそくどうろ


HDTV

エッチディー ティーブイ

HDTV (canonical)
etchidī tībui (romanization)

高精細度テレビジョン 高精細度テレビジョン#Japanese

high-definition television
high-definition television#English

(television) Synonym of 高精細度テレビジョン (kōseisaido terebijon, “high-definition television”); HDTV


CG

From English CG (“computer graphics” or “computer generated”).

der

CG集

digital art, especially referring to a singular drawing


外国語

外国語 (canonical)
gaikokugo (romanization)

[ɡa̠iko̞kɯ̟ᵝɡo̞]

外国 (gaikoku, “foreign country”) + 語 (-go, “language, -ese”).

suffix

外国語を知らない者は自分自身の言語について何も知らない。

Those who do not know foreign languages know nothing about their own language.

Gaikokugo o shiranai mono wa jibun jishin no gengo ni tsuite nani mo shiranai .


海獺

From Middle Chinese 海獺／海獭 (xoj^X that, literally “sea + otter”). Compare modern Cantonese reading hoi² caat³.
Note that the meaning diverged in Japanese from the original Chinese sense. See umiuso above for more.


海獺

Rare variant of kaitatsu above, using the 慣用音 (kan'yōon) of datsu for the 獺 character.


十二支

ja-noun

十(じゅう)二(に)支(し) • (jūnishi) ^(←じふにし (zifunisi)?)

十二支 (canonical)
jūnishi (romanization)
zifunisi (romanization)
じふにし (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑɨᵝːɲ̟iɕi]

the twelve earthly branches (支) of the Chinese zodiac, which are represented each by an animal


EDM

[iːdʲiːe̞mɯ̟ᵝ]


DD

DD(ディーディー) • (dīdī)

誰でも大好き 誰でも大好き#Japanese

(often offensive, idol fandom) Short for 誰でも大好き (daredemo daisuki, “love everyone”).


新聞

lang

言(げん)泉(せん) : 日(にっ)本(ぽん)大(だい)辞(じ)典(てん). 第(だい)3(さん)巻(かん)

lj

􂀿言􂁀(げん)􂀿泉􂁀(せん) : 􂀿日􂁀(にっ)􂀿本􂁀(ぽん)􂀿大􂁀(だい)􂀿辞􂁀(じ)􂀿典􂁀(てん). 􂀿第􂁀(だい)􂀿3􂁀(さん)􂀿巻􂁀(かん)


P

From English producer. The VOCALOID sense may have arisen from an extension of the concept of producers in THE IDOLM@STER; both THE IDOLM@STER and VOCALOID were/are popular topics on the Niconico video sharing website.

プロデューサー プロデューサー#Japanese

(entertainment, music) Initialism of プロデューサー (purodyūsā, “producer”).

ささくれP
sasakure-pī
sasakureP

(more specifically) Used in the names of musicians who produce music featuring VOCALOID or adjacent software.


P

MS Pゴシック
Emuesu Pī-goshikku
MS PGothic

プロポーショナル プロポーショナル#Japanese

(typography, especially in typeface names) Initialism of プロポーショナル (puropōshonaru, “proportional”).


P

2Pカラー

プレイヤー プレイヤー#Japanese

(video games, only in compounds) Initialism of プレイヤー (pureiyā, “player”).


青海原

ja-noun

青海原(あおうなばら) • (aounabara) ^(←あをうなばら (awounabara)?)

青海原 (canonical)
aounabara (romanization)
awounabara (romanization)
あをうなばら (hiragana historical)

[a̠o̞ɯ̟ᵝna̠ba̠ɾa̠]

From Old Japanese.
From 青 (ao, “blue”) + 海原 (unabara, “wide ocean”).

com

c. 935, Ki no Tsurayuki, Tosa Nikki
あをうなばらふりさけ見れば春日なる三笠の山にいでし月かも
aounabara furisakemireba Kasuga naru Mikasa-no-yama ni ideshi tsuki ka mo
Gazing afar across the wide, blue ocean, the moon rises over Mount Mikasa in Kasuga.
[Note: The 406th poem of the Kokin Wakashū replaces aounabara with 天の原 (ama no hara, “plain of heaven”).]


M

From the initial letter of English masochism; compare English S&M.

(sexuality, euphemistic) masochism, masochist


U

(typography, newspapers) a unit in newspaper typesetting, equal to 11 mils, ¹¹⁄₁₀₀₀ in, ¹⁄₈ 倍 (bai) and ¹⁄₁₂₈ 段 (dan)


C++

ja-pos

シー %プラス %プラス

C(シー )+(プラス )+(プラス) or C(シー )+(プラ)+(プラ) or C(シー)+(プ)+(ラ) • (Shī Purasu Purasu or Shī Purapura or Shīpura)

C (シー ) + (プラス ) + (canonical)
C (シー ) ++ (canonical)
C++ (canonical)
Shī Purasu Purasu (romanization)
Shī Purapura (romanization)
Shīpura (romanization)

[ɕiː pɯ̟ᵝɾa̠sɨᵝ pɯ̟ᵝɾa̠sɨᵝ]

[ɕiː pɯ̟ᵝɾa̠pɯ̟ᵝɾa̠]

[ɕiːpɯ̟ᵝɾa̠]

programming language
programming language

(programming) C++ (programming language)


十干

[d͡ʑik̚kã̠ɴ]


RV

[a̠ːɾɯ̟ᵝbɯ̟ᵝi]

新製品開発によるものであり、トヨタやホンダではRV(レジャー用多目的車)が伸びたこと、家電ソニー（二七位）のミニディスクなどのデジタルAV
Shinseihin kaihatsu ni yoru mono deari, Toyota ya Honda de wa ārubui (rejā yō tamokuteki kuruma) ga nobita koto, kaden Sonī (nijūnanai) no Minidisuku nado no dejitaru ēbui

1998, Oyamada Ryōzō, Sekai o sasaeru Nihon gijutsu [Japanese products that sustain the world], page 21

This is due to the growth of new product development, such as SUVs (sport utility multipurpose vehicles) from Toyota and Honda, and home electronics such as Sony’s (27th place) minidisc digital audio player

sport utility vehicle
sport utility vehicle


S

English: S

(education) highest academic grading in the S-A-B-C-F scale

(chiefly video games) S, the highest rank or grade (above A) commonly used in ranking systems in video games


S

From English sadism; compare English S&M.


文字

From Middle Chinese 文字 (MC mjun dziH, literally “writing + character”). Compare modern Cantonese reading man⁴ zi⁶.


文字

/mond͡ʑi/ → /mod͡ʑi/
Sound shift from monji above.

transfer through an inappropriate character set


百科事典

ja-noun

百(ひゃっ)科(か)事(じ)典(てん) • (hyakka jiten) ^(←ひやくくわじてん (fyakukwaziten)?)

百科事典 (canonical)
hyakka jiten (romanization)
fyakukwaziten (romanization)
ひやくくわじてん (hiragana historical)

[ça̠k̚ka̠ d͡ʑitẽ̞ɴ]

百科 (hyakka, “all categories”) + 事典 (jiten, “subject-book”)


ESP

[iːe̞sɨ̥ᵝpʲiː]

超感覚的知覚 超感覚的知覚#Japanese

extrasensory perception
extrasensory perception#English

Synonym of 超感覚的知覚 (chōkankakuteki chikaku, “extrasensory perception”); ESP


SSR

SSR (canonical)
esu-esu-āru (romanization)

[e̞sɨᵝe̞sɨᵝa̠ːɾɯ̟ᵝ]

(collectible card games, video games) super special rare, or any synonymous variations


AV

→ Chinese: AV (ēi-wēi), A片 (ēipiàn)

→ Korean: AV

→ English: JAV

お——こないだ観た ＡＶにそーゆーのあったあった
O—— Konaida mita ēbui ni sōyū no atta atta

2007 January 25, Yūji Shiozaki, “第七拾五話 [Chapter 75]”, in 一騎当千 [One vs. Thousands], volume 12 (fiction), Tokyo: Wani Books

Whoa... I saw this exact shit in a porno just the other day.

アダルトビデオ アダルトビデオ#Japanese

(pornography) アダルトビデオ: an adult video, a pornographic video


キリル文字

キリル文字 (canonical)
Kiriru moji (romanization)

[kʲiɾʲiɾɯ̟ᵝ mo̞ʑi]

キリル (Kiriru, Slavic given name Kirill, cognate of Cyril) + 文字 (moji, “letters, characters, script”). See キリル for more.


UNICEF

UNICEF (canonical)
Yunisefu (romanization)

国際連合児童基金 国際連合児童基金#Japanese

Synonym of 国際連合児童基金 (Kokusai Rengō Jidō Kikin, “United Nations Children's Emergency Fund”); the UNICEF


にゃ

→ English: nya

にゃあと鳴く


不思議

ja-adj

不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ) • (fushigi) -na (adnominal 不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ)な (fushigi na), adverbial 不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ)に (fushigi ni))

不思議 (canonical)
fushigi (romanization)
不思議な (adnominal)
不思議に (adverbial)
不思議だろ (imperfective stem)
ふしぎだろ (imperfective stem)
fushigi daro (imperfective)
不思議で (continuative stem)
ふしぎで (continuative stem)
fushigi de (continuative)
不思議だ (stem terminative)
ふしぎだ (stem terminative)
fushigi da (terminative)
不思議な (attributive stem)
ふしぎな (attributive stem)
fushigi na (attributive)
不思議なら (hypothetical stem)
ふしぎなら (hypothetical stem)
fushigi nara (hypothetical)
不思議であれ (imperative stem)
ふしぎであれ (imperative stem)
fushigi de are (imperative)
不思議ではない (informal negative)
不思議じゃない (informal negative)
ふしぎではない (informal negative)
ふしぎじゃない (informal negative)
fushigi de wa nai (informal negative)
fushigi ja nai (informal negative)
不思議だった (informal past)
ふしぎだった (informal past)
fushigi datta (informal past)
不思議ではなかった (informal negative past)
不思議じゃなかった (informal negative past)
ふしぎではなかった (informal negative past)
ふしぎじゃなかった (informal negative past)
fushigi de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
fushigi ja nakatta (informal negative past)
不思議です (formal)
ふしぎです (formal)
fushigi desu (formal)
不思議ではありません (formal negative)
不思議じゃありません (formal negative)
ふしぎではありません (formal negative)
ふしぎじゃありません (formal negative)
fushigi de wa arimasen (formal negative)
fushigi ja arimasen (formal negative)
不思議でした (formal past)
ふしぎでした (formal past)
fushigi deshita (formal past)
不思議ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
不思議じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
ふしぎではありませんでした (formal negative past)
ふしぎじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
fushigi de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
fushigi ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
不思議で (conjunctive)
ふしぎで (conjunctive)
fushigi de (conjunctive)
不思議なら（ば） (conditional)
ふしぎなら（ば） (conditional)
fushigi nara (ba) (conditional)
不思議だったら (conditional past)
ふしぎだったら (conditional past)
fushigi dattara (conditional past)
不思議だろう (volitional)
ふしぎだろう (volitional)
fushigi darō (volitional)
不思議に (adverbial)
ふしぎに (adverbial)
fushigi ni (adverbial)
不思議さ (noun-from-adj)
ふしぎさ (noun-from-adj)
fushigisa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

不思議

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした

[ɸɯ̟̊ᵝɕiɡʲi]

Contracted from 不可思議 (fuka shigi, literally “unfathomable”), equivalent to 不(ふ) (fu-) + 思議(しぎ) (shigi).

...弘誓深如海。歴劫不思議。侍多千億仏。発大清浄願...

406, Lotus Sutra (chapter 25, translation by Kumārajīva)

His great vow is as deep as the sea, unfathomable even after eons. Serving many hundreds of billions of buddhas, he has made a great pure vow.

...guzei jin nyo kai, ryakkō fushigi, ji ta sennoku butsu, hotsu dai-shōjō gan...

(Buddhism) Short for 不可思議 (fuka shigi): beyond human recognition or understanding; ineffable


不思議

[ɸɯ̟̊ᵝɕiɡʲi]


清一色

[t͡ɕĩɰ̃iːso̞ː]

(mahjong) a winning hand where all the tiles are of the same suit


オメガ

From English omega, or learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ὦ μέγα (ô méga).

lbor

ja:Ω
ja:オメガ (曖昧さ回避)


未来

From Middle Chinese 未來 (MC mj+jH loj). Originally a Buddhist calque of Sanskrit अनागत (anāgata, “not yet come; future”, past participle), from अन्- (an-, “not”) + आगत (āgata, “what has come”), from the verb root आगम् (āgam, “to come”).

calque

あっ まってっ‼ぼくの未来をかえせっ‼

1988 July 30 [1983 December 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “未来ドロボウ (未来ドロボウ) [The Future Thief]”, in ひとりぼっちの宇宙戦争 [The One-Man Cosmic War] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 1), 16th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 103

あの子の未来がどうなるか…………それはわからないが………、ただひとついえることは、これからの毎日を……、一日一日たいせつに、生きていってくれるだろうということ

1988 July 30 [1983 December 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “未来ドロボウ (未来ドロボウ) [The Future Thief]”, in ひとりぼっちの宇宙戦争 [The One-Man Cosmic War] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 1), 16th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 120

What does the future have in store for him?…………That is yet to be determined………, one thing for certain though, from now on……, he will treasure every single day of his life

Ano ko no mirai ga dō naru ka………… Sore wa wakaranai ga………, tada hitotsu ieru koto wa, kore kara no mainichi o……, ichinichi ichinichi taisetsu ni, ikiteitte kureru darō to iu koto

君が死ぬ未来が見えても…僕は…何も出来なかった… …未来は…変えられない…

2000 August 17, CLAMP, Ｘ (Ｘ) [X], volume 15 (fiction), Tokyo: Kadokawa Shoten, pages 16–17

Even though I could see the future in which you died… I… could do nothing… …The future… cannot be changed…

Kimi ga shinu mirai ga miete mo… boku wa… nani mo dekinakatta… …Mirai wa… kaerarenai…

(Buddhism) the future, one of the three existences


未来

Compound of 未 (mi, the on'yomi or Chinese-derived reading) + 来 (ku, the kun'yomi or native Japanese reading).


二十

二十 (canonical)
nijū (romanization)
nizifu (romanization)
にじふ (hiragana historical)


二十

Believed to be cognate with 果(は)て (hate, “end”), with 20 signifying the "limit" of one person's counting ability using two feet and two hands. Already in declining use by the Heian period in favour of 二十(にじゅう) (nijū). Note also Ainu ホッ (hot, “twenty”).

ja-r

二十(にじゅう) (nijū)


二十

ja-noun

二十(ふたそじ) • (futasoji) ^(←ふたそぢ (futasodi)?)

二十 (canonical)
futasoji (romanization)
futasodi (romanization)
ふたそぢ (hiragana historical)


お姉さん

[o̞ne̞ːsã̠ɴ]

姉:: Used to refer to one's own older sister when talking to someone else


水瓶座

ja-pos

水(みず)瓶(がめ)座(ざ) • (Mizugame-za) ^(←みづがめざ (midugameza)?)

水瓶座 (canonical)
Mizugame-za (romanization)
midugameza (romanization)
みづがめざ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 水瓶 (mizugame, “water jug”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


外来語

ja-noun

外(がい)来(らい)語(ご) • (gairaigo) ^(←ぐわいらいご (gwairaigo)?)

外来語 (canonical)
gairaigo (romanization)
gwairaigo (romanization)
ぐわいらいご (hiragana historical)

Compound of 外来 (gairai, “foreign”) + 語 (-go, “morpheme; word; expression”). First used by Ueda Kazutoshi in 1895, likely as a calque of German Fremdwort.

suf

「ググる」とは外来語だ。

(linguistics) a "recent" loanword, a Japanese word that has been borrowed since the modernization of Japan during the Meiji era from a modern foreign language, especially a European one; compare 借用語 (shakuyōgo)

Gairaigo
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:上田萬年
ja:外来語


ザーザー

ja-pos

ザーザー • (zāzā)


お父さん

Min Nan: 多桑 (tò-sàng) (Taiwanese)

[o̞to̞ːsã̠ɴ]

Originally a compound of 御 (o-, “honorific prefix”) + 父 (toto, “father”) + 様 (-sama, “honorific suffix”).
/ototosama/ → /otottsan/ → /otossan/
The /otossan/ → /otoosan/ progression was artificial; regular Japanese sound changes generally would not allow this shift. The /otoosan/ form first appears in the early Meiji period in educational materials mandated by the 文部省 (Monbushō, “Ministry of Education”).

父

only used to talk about one's own father


地図

地図 (canonical)
chizu (romanization)
tidu (romanization)
ちづ (hiragana historical)

地図を見る

ねえねえ、今の地図みた⁉
Nē nē, ima no chizu mita⁉
Hey, did you see that map!?
みた！いったいここはなんという国だろう。
Mita! Ittai koko wa nan to iu kuni darō.
I did! I wonder what country this is.
クニ？クニってなあに。
Kuni? Kuni tte nāni.
Country? What’s a country?
アメリカとか中国とかいろいろあるじゃない。
Amerika toka Chūgoku toka iroiro aru ja nai.
You know, countries. There are a bunch of them like America and China.
ぼくらは日本からきたんだけど…。
Bokura wa Nippon kara kita n da kedo….
We’re from Japan, by the way...
ニッポン？きいたことない。

1998 November 30 [1990 November 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, のび太とアニマル惑星 [Nobita and the Animal Planet] (大長編ドラえもん; 10), 22nd edition, volume 10 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 27

a map (visual representation of an area)


ルビ

Coordinate term: 親文字


電子メール

電子メール (canonical)
denshi mēru (romanization)

[dẽ̞ɰ̃ɕi me̞ːɾɯ̟ᵝ]

電子 (denshi, “electron”) + メール (mēru, “mail”), calque of English electronic mail.


お母さん

Min Nan: 卡桑 (khà-sàng) (Taiwanese)

[o̞ka̠ːsã̠ɴ]

お (o-, honorific prefix) + 母 (kā, “mother”) + さん (-san, honorific suffix).
/okakasama/ → /okkasama/ → /okaːsama/
/okakasan/ → /okkasama/ → /okaːsan/
Attested in Osaka and Kyoto, with rare use in Edo (Tokyo), from the late Edo period, especially among upper-middle class households in Osaka.
Usage became widespread in the 20th century after the Ministry of Education adopted お父(とう)さん (otōsan, “father”) and お母(かあ)さん for use in 尋常小学読本 (Jinjō shōgaku dokuhon “Standard elementary school reader”, 1903).


留学生

留学生 (canonical)
ryūgakusei (romanization)

[ɾʲɨᵝːɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝse̞ː]

international student, student studying abroad, (foreign) exchange student


地名

地名のない土地


振り仮名

振り仮名 (canonical)
furigana (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟ᵝɾʲiɡa̠na̠]

From 振り (furi, “assigning”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 振る (furu, “to assign, to stick on, to apportion”)) + 仮名 (kana). The kana changes to gana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First cited to 1813.

com

smaller kana printed next to (vertical) or above (horizontal) non-kana text as pronunciation guide


事典

ja-noun

事(じ)典(てん) or 事(こと)典(てん) • (jiten or kototen)

事典 (canonical)
事典 (canonical)
jiten (romanization)
kototen (romanization)

(literally) subject-book, such as a terminology dictionary, flower book, animal book and encyclopedia, etc.

百科事典

百科事典 ひゃっかじてん


漫画

漫(まん)画(が) or 漫画(マンガ) • (manga) ^(←まんぐわ (mangwa)?)

漫画 (canonical)
漫画 (canonical)
mangwa (romanization)
まんぐわ (hiragana historical)

→ Cantonese: 漫畫／漫画 (maan⁶ waa⁶⁻²)

→ Danish: manga

desctree

→ English: manga
→ Hindi: मांगा (māṅgā), माँगा (māṅgā); मैंगा (maiṅgā)

→ French: manga

→ German: Manga

→ Hakka: 漫畫／漫画 (man-fa, mang-ká)

desc

→ Hokkien: 漫畫／漫画 (bān-ōa, bān-ūi, bān-ōe, bàng-gà)

→ Khmer: ម៉ានហ្គា (maangaa)

→ Indonesian: manga

desctree

→ Korean: 만화 (manhwa)
→ English: manhwa
→ French: manhwa
→ Russian: ма́нхва (mánxva)
→ Ukrainian: ма́нхва (mánxva)

→ Macedonian: манга (manga)

→ Mandarin: 漫畫／漫画 (mànhuà)

→ English: manhua

→ French: manhua

→ Russian: маньхуа́ (manʹxuá)

desc

→ Ukrainian: маньхуа́ (manʹxuá), ма́ньхва (mánʹxva)

→ Mongolian: манга (manga)

→ Portuguese: mangá, manga (Portugal)

desctree

→ Russian: ма́нга (mánga)
→ Bashkir: манга (manga)
→ Tatar: манга (manga)

→ Thai: มังงะ (mang-ngá)

→ Ukrainian: ма́нґа (mánga)

→ Vietnamese: mạn họa

→ Wu: 漫畫／漫画 (⁶me-gho)

National Diet Library
Santō Kyōden
ja:国立国会図書館
ja:山東京伝
ja:鶴屋喜右衛門

/manɡwa/ → /manɡa/
Coined in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived elements, as a compound of 漫 (man, “as one pleases”) + 画 (ga, “picture”). First appears in 1798 in the foreword to Santō Kyōden's picture book 四時交加 (Shīshi Kōga) already using the modern simplified kanji spelling of 漫画.

compound

(drawing, painting) a drawing or painting made as one pleases without restraint, such as those by Hokusai Manga

(art) a caricature (pictorial representation of someone or something for comic effect)


母語

英語を母語として話す人。

母語と教科学習のいずれも犠牲にしない第二言語獲得の方式として世界各地に広まり、日本でも一部で、英語イマージョン教育が取り入れられています。

2009, Okada, Hideo [岡田英夫], 日本語教育能力検定試験に合格するための基礎知識 [Fundamentals for Passing the JLPT], revised edition, page 24

Around the world, and in some parts of Japan, English immersion is becoming a widespread method of second language acquisition which sacrifices neither one's mother tongue nor traditional education.

Bogo to kyōka gakushū no izure mo gisei ni shinai daini gengo kakutoku no hōshiki to shite sekai kakuchi ni hiromari, Nihon de mo ichibu de, Eigo imājon kyōiku ga toriirerarete imasu.

a first language, a mother tongue, a native tongue, a native language


母語

Calque of French langue mère, or of German Ursprache.

(linguistics, uncommon) a proto-language, a mother language (from which later daughter languages evolve)


焼く

ja-verb

焼(や)く • (yaku) transitive godan (stem 焼(や)き (yaki), past 焼(や)いた (yaita))

焼く (canonical)
yaku (romanization)
焼き (stem)
焼いた (past)
焼か
やか
yaka
焼き
やき
yaki
焼く
やく
yaku
焼け
やけ
yake
焼かれる (passive)
やかれる (passive)
yakareru (passive)
焼かせる (causative)
焼かす (causative)
やかせる (causative)
やかす (causative)
yakaseru (causative)
yakasu (causative)
焼ける (potential)
やける (potential)
yakeru (potential)
焼こう (volitional)
やこう (volitional)
yakō (volitional)
焼かない (negative)
やかない (negative)
yakanai (negative)
焼かず (continuative negative)
やかず (continuative negative)
yakazu (continuative negative)
焼きます (formal)
やきます (formal)
yakimasu (formal)
焼いた (perfective)
やいた (perfective)
yaita (perfective)
焼いて (conjunctive)
やいて (conjunctive)
yaite (conjunctive)
焼けば (conditional hypothetical)
やけば (conditional hypothetical)
yakeba (conditional hypothetical)
焼か (irrealis stem)
やか (irrealis stem)
yaka (irrealis)
焼き (continuative stem)
やき (continuative stem)
yaki (continuative)
焼く (stem terminative)
やく (stem terminative)
yaku (terminative)
焼く (attributive stem)
やく (attributive stem)
yaku (attributive)
焼け (realis stem)
やけ (realis stem)
yake (realis)
焼け (imperative stem)
やけ (imperative stem)
yake (imperative)
焼かず (negative)
やかず (negative)
yakazu (negative)
焼けど (contrastive)
やけど (contrastive)
yakedo (contrastive)
焼けば (causative)
やけば (causative)
yakeba (causative)
焼かば (conditional)
やかば (conditional)
yakaba (conditional)
焼きき (past)
やきき (past)
yakiki (past)
焼きけり (past)
やきけり (past)
yakikeri (past)
焼きつ (perfect)
やきつ (perfect)
yakitu (perfect)
焼きぬ (perfect)
やきぬ (perfect)
yakinu (perfect)
焼けり (continuative perfect)
焼きたり (continuative perfect)
やけり (continuative perfect)
やきたり (continuative perfect)
yakeri (continuative perfect)
yakitari (continuative perfect)
焼かむ (volitional)
やかむ (volitional)
yakamu (volitional)

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE, and in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE. From Proto-Japonic *yaku.

焼き上がる

to be finished baking, broiling, firing, printing, etc.

焼き上げる

to finish baking, broiling, firing, printing, etc. something

to change something by means of fire, light, chemicals, or other means:

[from 720] to use heat or flame to prepare something for eating or using:

[from 1908] (photography) to print a photograph by shining a light through a negative


寿司

Daijirin Daijisen Shōgakukan Sushi Tōkyō ja:寿司 ja:松村明

From 酸し (sushi, “sour”), the archaic し (shi) terminal-form conjugation of modern 酸い (sui, “sour”).
Originally, sushi was a form of fish that had been salted and fermented for preservation without refrigeration. The fish was sometimes packed with rice or rice mixed with vinegar in order to speed the fermentation process. In the Edo period, this was also known as hayazushi (早鮨, 早鮓) when packed in layers, pressed, and fermented for just one night. Something similar is still prepared today as narezushi (馴鮨, 熟鮨) that relies on fermentation with no added vinegar.
The kanji are an example of ateji (当て字).

sushi: vinegared rice served with fish or vegetables, etc.

押し寿司

soft-pressed sushi topped with ingredients


寿司

From classical adjective 久(ひさ)し (hisashi, whence modern 久(ひさ)しい (hisashī, “long-lasting, persisting for a long time”)).

ja-r

whence modern 久(ひさ)しい (hisashī</span>, “long-lasting, persisting for a long time”)


国家

国家 (canonical)
kokka (romanization)
kokuka (romanization)
こくか (hiragana historical)

此時ヨリノ天皇ハ純然タル政治的中心ノ意義ヲ有シ、此ノ國民運動ノ指揮者タリシ以來現代民主國ノ總代表トシテ國家ヲ代表スル者ナリ。

Since this era, the Emperor has had the significance of a purely political center, and since the time when he was the leader of this national movement, he has represented the nation as the general representative of a modern democratic country.

Kono toki yori no Tennō wa junzen taru seijiteki chūshin no igi o yūshi, kono kokumin undō no shikisha tarishi irai gendai minshukoku no sōdaihyō to shite kokka o daihyō suru mono nari.


ゆめ

Appears to be 夢 (yume, “dream”), but using only the hiragana spelling.


電子

電子オルガン

(music) an electronic organ, a synthesizer

電子情報収集

報収集 ほうしゅうしゅう


二人

[ɸɯ̟ᵝta̠ɾʲi]

From Old Japanese.
* The most likely derivation is from 二 (futa, “2, two”) + 人 (-ri, counter for persons).
* Alternatively, from 二 (fu, “2, two”, short-form) + 人 (-tari, counter for persons).
* Yet another probable derivation would be a shift from 二 (futa, “2, two”) + 人 (-tari):
*: /puta tari/ → */put̚tari/ → /putari/ → /futari/

suffix

私と二人きり

二人とも凄いですね

those two are remarkable, aren't they / you two are remarkable, aren't you


憂鬱

ja-adj

憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ) • (yūutsu) ^(←いううつ (iuutu)?)-na (adnominal 憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ)な (yūutsu na), adverbial 憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ)に (yūutsu ni))

憂鬱 (canonical)
yūutsu (romanization)
iuutu (romanization)
憂鬱な (adnominal)
憂鬱に (adverbial)
憂鬱だろ (imperfective stem)
ゆううつだろ (imperfective stem)
yūutsu daro (imperfective)
憂鬱で (continuative stem)
ゆううつで (continuative stem)
yūutsu de (continuative)
憂鬱だ (stem terminative)
ゆううつだ (stem terminative)
yūutsu da (terminative)
憂鬱な (attributive stem)
ゆううつな (attributive stem)
yūutsu na (attributive)
憂鬱なら (hypothetical stem)
ゆううつなら (hypothetical stem)
yūutsu nara (hypothetical)
憂鬱であれ (imperative stem)
ゆううつであれ (imperative stem)
yūutsu de are (imperative)
憂鬱ではない (informal negative)
憂鬱じゃない (informal negative)
ゆううつではない (informal negative)
ゆううつじゃない (informal negative)
yūutsu de wa nai (informal negative)
yūutsu ja nai (informal negative)
憂鬱だった (informal past)
ゆううつだった (informal past)
yūutsu datta (informal past)
憂鬱ではなかった (informal negative past)
憂鬱じゃなかった (informal negative past)
ゆううつではなかった (informal negative past)
ゆううつじゃなかった (informal negative past)
yūutsu de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
yūutsu ja nakatta (informal negative past)
憂鬱です (formal)
ゆううつです (formal)
yūutsu desu (formal)
憂鬱ではありません (formal negative)
憂鬱じゃありません (formal negative)
ゆううつではありません (formal negative)
ゆううつじゃありません (formal negative)
yūutsu de wa arimasen (formal negative)
yūutsu ja arimasen (formal negative)
憂鬱でした (formal past)
ゆううつでした (formal past)
yūutsu deshita (formal past)
憂鬱ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
憂鬱じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
ゆううつではありませんでした (formal negative past)
ゆううつじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
yūutsu de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
yūutsu ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
憂鬱で (conjunctive)
ゆううつで (conjunctive)
yūutsu de (conjunctive)
憂鬱なら（ば） (conditional)
ゆううつなら（ば） (conditional)
yūutsu nara (ba) (conditional)
憂鬱だったら (conditional past)
ゆううつだったら (conditional past)
yūutsu dattara (conditional past)
憂鬱だろう (volitional)
ゆううつだろう (volitional)
yūutsu darō (volitional)
憂鬱に (adverbial)
ゆううつに (adverbial)
yūutsu ni (adverbial)
憂鬱さ (noun-from-adj)
ゆううつさ (noun-from-adj)
yūutsusa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

憂鬱

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした

[jɯ̟ᵝːɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

/iu utu/ → /jɨuːt͡su/ → /juːut͡su/
From Middle Chinese compound 憂鬱 (MC 'juw 'jut, literally “worry + melancholy”).

ltc-l

身体の調子が悪くて憂鬱だ。


憂鬱

憂鬱 (canonical)
yūutsu (romanization)
iuutu (romanization)
いううつ (hiragana historical)

[jɯ̟ᵝːɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

涼宮ハルヒの憂鬱
Suzumiya Haruhi no Yūutsu
The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya

depression, dejection, gloom, melancholy


セ

Initial of セントラル・リーグ


ヒ

From former logo of Twitter looking like character ヒ.


水泳

水泳部


水泳

水泳する (canonical)
suiei suru (romanization)
水泳し (stem)
水泳した (past)
水泳し
すいえいし
suiei shi
水泳する
すいえいする
suiei suru
水泳すれ
すいえいすれ
suiei sure
水泳せよ (imperative literary)
水泳しろ (colloquial imperative)
すいえいせよ (imperative literary)
すいえいしろ (colloquial imperative)
suiei seyo (imperative literary)
suiei shiro (colloquial imperative)
水泳される (passive)
すいえいされる (passive)
suiei sareru (passive)
水泳させる (causative)
水泳さす (causative)
すいえいさせる (causative)
すいえいさす (causative)
suiei saseru (causative)
suiei sasu (causative)
水泳できる (potential)
すいえいできる (potential)
suiei dekiru (potential)
水泳しよう (volitional)
すいえいしよう (volitional)
suiei shiyō (volitional)
水泳しない (negative)
すいえいしない (negative)
suiei shinai (negative)
水泳せず (continuative negative)
すいえいせず (continuative negative)
suiei sezu (continuative negative)
水泳します (formal)
すいえいします (formal)
suiei shimasu (formal)
水泳した (perfective)
すいえいした (perfective)
suiei shita (perfective)
水泳して (conjunctive)
すいえいして (conjunctive)
suiei shite (conjunctive)
水泳すれば (conditional hypothetical)
すいえいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
suiei sureba (conditional hypothetical)


坊主

Wasei kango (和製漢語), from 坊(ぼう) (bō, “section of a town and its streets”) + 主(ず) (zu, “lord, master”). The kanji 坊 originally referred to, in Sinitic, a division of a town and the lanes surrounding it, and gradually shifted to refer to the workshops and other buildings that might be found in such a section, including temples. Thus, the term literally refers to a "temple master", i.e. a head (Buddhist) monk, eventually coming to refer to Buddhist monks in general in Japanese.
The "bald head" sense comes from the traditional shaved heads of Buddhist monks (known as 坊主刈(ぼうずが)り (bōzugari)), while the "kiddo" sense comes from the custom for young boys to have shaved heads à la said monks in traditional Japanese society.
The "monk" and "kiddo" meanings have been applied back to the constituent kanji 坊 in Japanese; see also 坊(ぼう)や (bōya) for an example.

ja-r

三日坊主: someone who cannot stick to anything

腕白坊主

腕白坊主 わんぱくぼうず


自然科学

ja-noun

自(し)然(ぜん)科(か)学(がく) • (shizen kagaku) ^(←しぜんくわがく (sizenkwagaku)?)

自然科学 (canonical)
shizen kagaku (romanization)
sizenkwagaku (romanization)
しぜんくわがく (hiragana historical)

[ɕizẽ̞ŋ ka̠ɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

自然 (shizen, “nature”) + 科学 (kagaku, “science”)


数学

[sɨᵝːɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

From 数 (sū, “number”) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy; -graphy”).


天文学

天文学 (canonical)
tenmongaku (romanization)

[tẽ̞mːõ̞ŋɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

天文 (tenmon, “astronomy”) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy; -graphy”)


子供

子供 (canonical)
kodomo (romanization)
人 (counter)

From Old Japanese, though at the time it was exclusively plural. From 子 (ko, “child”) + 共 (-domo, plural suffix).

アンタ…か 記憶が戻った今となってはちょっと惜しい気もするよな
Anta… ka Kioku ga modotta ima to natte wa chotto oshii ki mo suru yo na
Man, it kinda bums me out now that your memories have recovered.
ハァ？
Hā?
Why?
ルミナさんって呼んで子供の様に無邪気で可愛かったのに
Rumina-santte yonde kodomo no yō ni mujaki de kawaikatta no ni
’Cos you were so cute and innocent, like a child. You even called me Rumina-san.
…な……子供……か
…Na… …Kodomo…… ka
…Wha… Like a child…?
そうね…まさに目も耳も塞いで怯えた子供

2003 September 22, Akinobu Uraku, “第63話 幼い記憶 [Chapter 63: Childish Memories]”, in 東京アンダーグラウンド [Tokyo Underground], volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, page 100

Yeah… a child who shut her eyes and covered her ears every time she got scared.

Sō ne… Masa ni me mo mimi mo fusaide obieta kodomo

だからこそ私は忘れない被験者の存在を！当時地下世界で広く実施されていたメディカルチェックを基に条件を満たす10人の子供を集めた 彼等は我々の期待に応えプロジェクトを成功に導いた

2003 September 22, Akinobu Uraku, “第63話 幼い記憶 [Chapter 63: Childish Memories]”, in 東京アンダーグラウンド [Tokyo Underground], volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, pages 109–110

That’s why I could never forget them, the subjects! At the time, we set up medical checks all over the Underground. And we managed to gather ten children that met the original requirements. They helped guide our project to the success we had hoped.

Dakara koso watashi wa wasurenai hikensha no sonzai o! Tōji Andāguraundo de hiroku jisshi sarete ita medikaru chekku o moto ni jōken o mitasu jū-nin no kodomo o atsumeta Karera wa wareware no kitai ni kotae purojekuto o seikō ni michibiita

地下世界 アンダーグラウンド

こどもドラゴンとあなどってはいけない。うちに秘める力は計り知れない。

2011 August 13, “ベビードラゴン [Baby Dragon]”, in Beginner's Edition 1, Konami

He’s not just a baby dragon, as his potentials are immeasurable.

Kodomo doragon to anadotte wa ikenai. Uchi ni himeru chikara wa hakarishirenai.


自然数

[ɕizẽ̞ɰ̃sɨᵝː]

自然 (shizen, “nature”) + 数 (sū, “number”)


物理学

物理学 (canonical)
butsurigaku (romanization)

[bɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝɾʲiɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Compound of 物理 (butsuri, “physics, physical”) + 学 (gaku, “-ology, area of study”).


包帯

包帯 (canonical)
hōtai (romanization)
fautai (romanization)
はうたい (hiragana historical)

→ Palauan: hotai


アイスクリーム

→ Hokkien: ăi-sīr-khu-lìn-mù

[a̠isɨ̥ᵝ kɯ̟ᵝɾʲiːmɯ̟ᵝ]

Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:アイスクリーム
ja:松村明


赤ん坊

ja-noun

赤(あか)ん坊(ぼう) • (akanbō) ^(←あかんばう (akanbau)?)

赤ん坊 (canonical)
akanbō (romanization)
akanbau (romanization)
あかんばう (hiragana historical)

Attested from the 19th century. Sound shift from slightly earlier 赤坊 (akabō), from 赤 (aka, “red”) + 坊 (-bō, “little”). Compare 赤ちゃん (aka-chan) and 赤子 (akago), both of which also allude to the reddish complexion of a newborn.


水曜日

水(すい)曜(よう)日(び) • (suiyōbi) ^(←すいえうび (suieubi)?)

水曜日 (canonical)
suiyōbi (romanization)
suieubi (romanization)
すいえうび (hiragana historical)

/suieubi/ > /suijoːbi/.
Compound of 水曜 (suiyō, “Mercury (the planet)”, in reference also to the day for that planet, as originally imported from Chinese astrology in the Heian period) + 日 (hi, “day”).
The compound form suffixed with 日 (hi, “day”) appears in common use from the Meiji period with the promulgation of the Gregorian calendar. See also Names of the days of the week on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

pedia

Names of the days of the week#East Asian tradition

Daijirin
Daijisen
Gregorian calendar
Heian period
Meiji period
ja:松村明


火曜日

ja-noun

火(か)曜(よう)日(び) • (kayōbi) ^(←くわえうび (kwaeubi)?)

火曜日 (canonical)
kayōbi (romanization)
kwaeubi (romanization)
くわえうび (hiragana historical)

/kaeubi/ → /kajoːbi/
Compound of 火曜 (kayō, “Mars (the planet)”, in reference also to the day for that planet, as originally imported from Chinese astrology in the Heian period) + 日 (hi, “day”).
The compound form suffixed with 日 (hi, “day”) appears in common use from the Meiji period with the promulgation of the Gregorian calendar. See also Names of the days of the week on Wikipedia.Wikipedia


月曜日

ja-noun

月(げつ)曜(よう)日(び) • (getsuyōbi) ^(←げつえうび (getueubi)?)

月曜日 (canonical)
getsuyōbi (romanization)
getueubi (romanization)
げつえうび (hiragana historical)

/getueubi/ > /getuyoːbi/.
Compound of 月曜 (getsuyō, “moon”, in reference also to the day for that celestial body, as originally imported from Chinese astrology in the Heian period) + 日 (hi, “day”).
The compound form suffixed with 日 (hi, “day”) appears in common use from the Meiji period with the promulgation of the Gregorian calendar. See also Names of the days of the week on Wikipedia.Wikipedia


直線

[t͡ɕo̞kɯ̟̊ᵝsẽ̞ɴ]


鳴く

ja-verb

鳴(な)く • (naku) godan (stem 鳴(な)き (naki), past 鳴(な)いた (naita))

鳴く (canonical)
naku (romanization)
鳴き (stem)
鳴いた (past)
鳴か
なか
naka
鳴き
なき
naki
鳴く
なく
naku
鳴け
なけ
nake
鳴かれる (passive)
なかれる (passive)
nakareru (passive)
鳴かせる (causative)
鳴かす (causative)
なかせる (causative)
なかす (causative)
nakaseru (causative)
nakasu (causative)
鳴ける (potential)
なける (potential)
nakeru (potential)
鳴こう (volitional)
なこう (volitional)
nakō (volitional)
鳴かない (negative)
なかない (negative)
nakanai (negative)
鳴かず (continuative negative)
なかず (continuative negative)
nakazu (continuative negative)
鳴きます (formal)
なきます (formal)
nakimasu (formal)
鳴いた (perfective)
ないた (perfective)
naita (perfective)
鳴いて (conjunctive)
ないて (conjunctive)
naite (conjunctive)
鳴けば (conditional hypothetical)
なけば (conditional hypothetical)
nakeba (conditional hypothetical)
鳴か (irrealis stem)
なか (irrealis stem)
naka (irrealis)
鳴き (continuative stem)
なき (continuative stem)
naki (continuative)
鳴く (stem terminative)
なく (stem terminative)
naku (terminative)
鳴く (attributive stem)
なく (attributive stem)
naku (attributive)
鳴け (realis stem)
なけ (realis stem)
nake (realis)
鳴け (imperative stem)
なけ (imperative stem)
nake (imperative)
鳴かず (negative)
なかず (negative)
nakazu (negative)
鳴けど (contrastive)
なけど (contrastive)
nakedo (contrastive)
鳴けば (causative)
なけば (causative)
nakeba (causative)
鳴かば (conditional)
なかば (conditional)
nakaba (conditional)
鳴きき (past)
なきき (past)
nakiki (past)
鳴きけり (past)
なきけり (past)
nakikeri (past)
鳴きつ (perfect)
なきつ (perfect)
nakitu (perfect)
鳴きぬ (perfect)
なきぬ (perfect)
nakinu (perfect)
鳴けり (continuative perfect)
鳴きたり (continuative perfect)
なけり (continuative perfect)
なきたり (continuative perfect)
nakeri (continuative perfect)
nakitari (continuative perfect)
鳴かむ (volitional)
なかむ (volitional)
nakamu (volitional)

From Old Japanese, derived from 音 (na, “(emotional) sound, voice”, bound form) + く (-ku, verb suffix). Cognate with 泣(な)く (naku).

窓の外で小鳥が鳴いた。

(of an animal) to call, to make noise; e.g., a bird's singing


アクセント

[a̠kɯ̟̊ᵝsẽ̞nto̞]

Japanese pitch accent
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:アクセント

(linguistics) accent (stronger articulation)

大辞泉 w:ja:大辞泉

(fashion, design) an accessory, an accent piece

京阪式アクセント

Kansai pitch accent, Kyoto-Osaka type accent

(linguistics) accent (regional pronunciation)


遊び

→ Chinese: 阿搜比 (āsōubǐ)

連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 遊(あそ)ぶ (asobu).


小さい

ja-adj

小(ちい)さい • (chīsai) ^(←ちひさい (tifisai)?)-i (adverbial 小(ちい)さく (chīsaku))

小さい (canonical)
chīsai (romanization)
tifisai (romanization)
小さく (adverbial)
小さかろ (imperfective stem)
ちいさかろ (imperfective stem)
chīsakaro (imperfective)
小さく (continuative stem)
ちいさく (continuative stem)
chīsaku (continuative)
小さい (stem terminative)
ちいさい (stem terminative)
chīsai (terminative)
小さい (attributive stem)
ちいさい (attributive stem)
chīsai (attributive)
小さけれ (hypothetical stem)
ちいさけれ (hypothetical stem)
chīsakere (hypothetical)
小さかれ (imperative stem)
ちいさかれ (imperative stem)
chīsakare (imperative)
小さくない (informal negative)
ちいさくない (informal negative)
chīsaku nai (informal negative)
小さかった (informal past)
ちいさかった (informal past)
chīsakatta (informal past)
小さくなかった (informal negative past)
ちいさくなかった (informal negative past)
chīsaku nakatta (informal negative past)
小さいです (formal)
ちいさいです (formal)
chīsai desu (formal)
小さくないです (formal negative)
ちいさくないです (formal negative)
chīsaku nai desu (formal negative)
小さかったです (formal past)
ちいさかったです (formal past)
chīsakatta desu (formal past)
小さくなかったです (formal negative past)
ちいさくなかったです (formal negative past)
chīsaku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
小さくて (conjunctive)
ちいさくて (conjunctive)
chīsakute (conjunctive)
小さければ (conditional)
ちいさければ (conditional)
chīsakereba (conditional)
小さかったら (conditional past)
ちいさかったら (conditional past)
chīsakattara (conditional past)
小さかろう (volitional)
ちいさかろう (volitional)
chīsakarō (volitional)
小さく (adverbial)
ちいさく (adverbial)
chīsaku (adverbial)
小ささ (noun-from-adj)
ちいささ (noun-from-adj)
chīsasa (noun-from-adj)

*/tipisasi/ → /tifisasi/ → /t͡ɕihisaɕi/ → /t͡ɕiːsaɕi/ → /t͡ɕiːsai/
Ultimate derivation uncertain.
The initial chi element appears in other words with similar meanings of small, such as ちょっと (chotto, “a little bit”, adverb), from ちっと (chitto), from even earlier ちと (chito).
Possibly related to ちび (chibi, “small and round”, often with overtones of cuteness), itself apparently derived from 粒 (tsubu, “small round thing”, such as a grain of rice).

ᵗᵉˣᵗ
教師は二人だ。大きい奴と、小さい奴だ。

There were two teachers. A big one, and a little one.

Kyōshi wa futari da. Ōkii yatsu to, chīsai yatsu da.


金曜日

ja-noun

金(きん)曜(よう)日(び) • (kin'yōbi) ^(←きんえうび (kin'eubi)?)

金曜日 (canonical)
kin'yōbi (romanization)
kin'eubi (romanization)
きんえうび (hiragana historical)

[kʲĩɰ̃jo̞ːbʲi]

/kiɴeubi/ → /kiɴjoːbi/
Compound of 金曜 (kin'yō, “Venus (the planet)”, in reference also to the day for that planet, as originally imported from Chinese astrology in the Heian period) + 日 (hi, “day”).
The compound form suffixed with 日 (hi, “day”) appears in common use from the Meiji period with the promulgation of the Gregorian calendar. See also Names of the days of the week on Wikipedia.Wikipedia


土曜日

ja-noun

土(ど)曜(よう)日(び) • (doyōbi) ^(←どえうび (doeubi)?)

土曜日 (canonical)
doyōbi (romanization)
doeubi (romanization)
どえうび (hiragana historical)

/doeubi/ > /dojoːbi/
Compound of 土曜 (doyō, “Saturn (the planet)”, in reference also to the day for that planet, as originally imported from Chinese astrology in the Heian period) + 日 (hi, “day”). The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The compound form suffixed with 日 (hi, “day”) appears in common use from the Meiji period with the promulgation of the Gregorian calendar. See also Names of the days of the week on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

compound

Daijisen
Gregorian calendar
Heian period
Meiji period
ja:松村明


治安

ja-pos

治(じ)安(あん) or 治(ち)安(あん) • (Jian or Chian)

治安 (canonical)
治安 (canonical)
Jian (romanization)
Chian (romanization)


当たり

当たり (canonical)
当たり (canonical)
atari (romanization)

Conjunctive or noun form (連用形) of the verb 当たる.

(go) atari, a situation where a stone or group of stones is threatened with capture on the next move

アタリがあったら合わせる


明くる日

明くる日 (canonical)
akuru hi (romanization)

[a̠kɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ çi]

あくる日は前日同様の快晴で、やはり暑い日だった。

1930, 浜尾四郎, 彼は誰を殺したか

The next day had clear weather like the previous and it was a hot one too.

Akuru hi wa zenjitsu dōyō no kaisei de, yahari atsui hi datta.

前日同様 ぜんじつどうよう


あし

あし (canonical)
アシ (canonical)
ashi (romanization)
asi (romanization)
あし (hiragana historical)

Phragmites australis
Phragmites australis#Translingual


いがく

医学: medicine, medical science, the study of medicine


あらし

荒らし: (Internet) trolling, vandalism; a troll, a vandal


アナウンサー

ja-noun

アナウンサー • (anaunsā)

[a̠na̠ɯ̟̃ᵝɰ̃sa̠ː]

a media announcer, a TV or radio presenter

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:NHK出版
ja:NHK放送文化研究所
ja:松村明


愛情

愛(あい)情(じょう) • (aijō) ^(←あいじやう (aizyau)?)

愛情 (canonical)
aijō (romanization)
aizyau (romanization)
あいじやう (hiragana historical)


あぶら

Ultimately derived from Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *anpura. As a surface analysis, this is identical to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 炙る (aburu, “to warm, to toast”); while this term and the verb are clearly related, whether the mizenkei is the actual derivation of the noun is as yet unclear.

アブラにまみれて 黙り込んだあいつ

1996, “田園”, 玉置浩二 (lyrics), performed by 玉置浩二

the silent fellow covered in sweat (oily perspiration)


学生

[ɡa̠kɯ̟̊ᵝse̞ː]

From Middle Chinese 學生 (MC haewk sraeng). The use of the 呉音 (go'on, literally “Wu sound”) reading for the first character and the 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading for the second character suggests either an innovation within Japanese, or later influence from another dialect of Chinese.

a student (usually of a university, sometimes of a high school)

小学生

primary (elementary, grade) school student


アパート

→ Hokkien: a-phá-tò

→ Korean: 아파트 (apateu)

Short for アパートメントハウス.

short for

Short for アパートメントハウス.


科学

ja-noun

科(か)学(がく) • (kagaku) ^(←くわがく (kwagaku)?)

科学 (canonical)
kagaku (romanization)
kwagaku (romanization)
くわがく (hiragana historical)

[ka̠ɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

/kʷaɡaku/ → /kaɡaku/
First attested in the mid-Meiji period as a translation of English science.
Coined in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived elements 科 (ka, “field”) + 学 (-gaku, “school, study”).

suffix

帝京科学大学


生き物

生き (iki, stem of 生きる (ikiru, “to live”)) + 物 (mono, “thing”)

af

stem of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">生きる</i> (ikiru, “to live”)

Synonym of 生物 (seibutsu, “organism; life form”)


生け花

Compound of 生け (ike, “making something come alive”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 生ける (ikeru, “to make something live”)) + 花 (hana, “flower”). The hana changes to bana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


アレルギー

[a̠ɾe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝɡʲiː]

Allergy
Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:アレルギー
ja:松村明


試験

試験 (canonical)
shiken (romanization)
siken (romanization)
しけん (hiragana historical)

→ Yami: siking


明後日

/asate/ → /asat̚te/
Shift from earlier asate (see Etymology 2 below).
The kanji spelling is from myōgonichi (see Etymology 3 below).


明後日

/asu sarite/ → /asːarʉte/ → /asate/
Apparently recorded in the 名語記 (Myōgoki) etymology dictionary of 1263 as a shift from asusate, in turn from 明日去りて (asu sarite), itself a compound of 明日 (asu, “tomorrow”) + 去りて (sarite, modern 去って (satte), the conjunctive form of 去る (saru), “to pass”).
The kanji spelling is from myōgonichi (see Etymology 3).

あさてばかりになりて、例のやうにいたくもふかさで渡りたまへり。

c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Akashi)

Asate bakari ni narite, rei no yō ni itaku mo fukasa de watari-tamaeri.


明後日

ja-noun

明(みょう)後(ご)日(にち) • (myōgonichi) ^(←みやうごにち (myaugoniti)?)

明後日 (canonical)
myōgonichi (romanization)
myaugoniti (romanization)
みやうごにち (hiragana historical)

[mʲo̞ːɡo̞ɲ̟it͡ɕi]

From 明後 (myōgo-, “the ... after next ...”) + 日 (nichi, “day”).


家具

収納家具

収納家具 しゅうのうかぐ


痛み

Nominalization of 痛(いた)む (itamu, “to cause pain, hurt”).


いっさくじつ

day before yesterday
day before yesterday


化学

ja-noun

化(か)学(がく) • (kagaku) ^(←くわがく (kwagaku)?)

化学 (canonical)
kagaku (romanization)
kwagaku (romanization)
くわがく (hiragana historical)

[ka̠ɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Chemistry
Kawamoto Kōmin
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru
Wang Tao (19th century)
ja:化学
ja:川本幸民

table
Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 化學／化学 (huàxué, literally “change + study”).
Apparently first cited anywhere in an 1855 text in Chinese, in the diary of noted intellectual Wang Tao. First cited in Japanese in an 1860 translation of a Dutch text by 川本幸民 (Kawamoto Kōmin).
Superseded older term 舎密 (seimi).

obor

化学熱力学

学熱力学 がくねつりきがく

化学反応式

学反応式 がくはんのうしき

化学伝達物質

学伝達物質 がくでんたつぶっしつ


化学

Chemistry
Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Tomie Ōhara
ja:化学
ja:大原富枝

table
Reanalysis of 化学 (kagaku), as a compound of 化け (bake, stem of 化ける (bakeru, “to transform”)) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy; -graphy”). Alternative reading sometimes used to differentiate from phonetically identical 科学 (kagaku, “science”).
First cited to a 1967 novel by 大原富枝 (Ōhara Tomie).

suf

stem of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">化ける</i> (bakeru, “to transform”)


いき

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *Eki.

息をする


いっしゅうかん

ja-noun

いっしゅうかん • (isshūkan)


一昨年

一(いっ)昨(さく)年(ねん) or 一昨(おと)年(とし) • (issakunen or ototoshi) ^(←をととし (wototosi)?)

一昨年 (canonical)
一昨年 (canonical)
issakunen (romanization)
ototoshi (romanization)
wototosi (romanization)
をととし (hiragana historical)


一週間

[iɕːɯ̟ᵝːkã̠ɴ]


椅子

椅子 (canonical)
isu (romanization)
脚 (counter)

/isi/ → /isɨ/ → /isu/
Originally 倚子 (ishi), referring to seats with or without rests used by higher court officials. With the arrival of Zen Buddhism to Japan, possibly a later borrowing from Middle Chinese 椅子 (MC 'jeX tsiX) or directly from Mandarin 椅子 (yǐzi, literally "chair" + diminutive suffix), the meaning shifted to wooden seats used by priests.


外人

ja-noun

外(がい)人(じん) • (gaijin) ^(←ぐゎいじん (gwaizin)?)

外人 (canonical)
gaijin (romanization)
gwaizin (romanization)
ぐゎいじん (hiragana historical)

/gwaizin/ > /gaizin/ [gaidʑin]. Literally outside person. From the late 19th on also used for foreigners.

口畔懸河渉漢深。春杉拭盞就花陰。外人傾耳猶添愛、況是堂中父母心。

995-999: Fusōshū (volume 9; Gunsho Ruijū volume 8, page 578)

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

しかるに其恩をわすれて、外人もなき所に兵具をとゝのへ、軍兵をかたらひをき、其營みの他は他事なし。

c. 13th century: Heike Monogatari (volume 1, page 123)

但、外人など上手おほからむ座にては、聊か斟酌すべし

外人 (グワイジン)

外人 (グワイジン) 他人也

(obsolete) outsider; an estranged, unfamiliar person

譬えば頑固なる士民は外国人を悪むを以て常とせり。又学者流の人にても少しく見識ある者は外人の挙動を見て決して心酔するに非ず，之を悦ばざるの心は彼の頑民に異なることなしと云うも可なり。

(sometimes derogatory) alien, foreigner; especially foreigner in Japan


大人

ja-adj

大人(おとな) • (otona) -na (adnominal 大人(おとな)な (otona na), adverbial 大人(おとな)に (otona ni))

大人 (canonical)
otona (romanization)
大人な (adnominal)
大人に (adverbial)

Appears in sources from the Heian period. Derivation unknown.

大人な感じのお店

大人な対応


大人

From Middle Chinese 大人 (dɑiᴴ ȵiɪn, literally “big, great + person”). Compare modern Hakka reading thai-ngìn.
The goon reading, so likely an earlier borrowing.


地下

(history) a common courtier (a courtier who didn't get access to the imperial palace)

地下に潜る

go underground (as in a political movement)


一度

一度食べれば味が解る。

If you eat it once, you'll know its taste.


意識

意識する (canonical)
ishiki suru (romanization)
意識し (stem)
意識した (past)
意識し
いしきし
ishiki shi
意識する
いしきする
ishiki suru
意識すれ
いしきすれ
ishiki sure
意識せよ (imperative literary)
意識しろ (colloquial imperative)
いしきせよ (imperative literary)
いしきしろ (colloquial imperative)
ishiki seyo (imperative literary)
ishiki shiro (colloquial imperative)
意識される (passive)
いしきされる (passive)
ishiki sareru (passive)
意識させる (causative)
意識さす (causative)
いしきさせる (causative)
いしきさす (causative)
ishiki saseru (causative)
ishiki sasu (causative)
意識できる (potential)
いしきできる (potential)
ishiki dekiru (potential)
意識しよう (volitional)
いしきしよう (volitional)
ishiki shiyō (volitional)
意識しない (negative)
いしきしない (negative)
ishiki shinai (negative)
意識せず (continuative negative)
いしきせず (continuative negative)
ishiki sezu (continuative negative)
意識します (formal)
いしきします (formal)
ishiki shimasu (formal)
意識した (perfective)
いしきした (perfective)
ishiki shita (perfective)
意識して (conjunctive)
いしきして (conjunctive)
ishiki shite (conjunctive)
意識すれば (conditional hypothetical)
いしきすれば (conditional hypothetical)
ishiki sureba (conditional hypothetical)


漢文

[kã̠mbɯ̟̃ᵝɴ]

漢文訓読

漢文訓読 かんぶんくんどく

annotating Literary Chinese so that it can be read using Japanese grammatical structure

変体漢文

変体漢文 へんたいかんぶん

Literary Chinese with heavy Japanese-language influence


一日

From Middle Chinese 一日 (ʔiɪt̚ ȵiɪt̚, literally “one + day”). Compare modern Hakka reading yit-ngit.
The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

一日経

dead memorial service where many gather to transcribe a sutra in one day

ローマは一日にして成らず


半角

[hã̠ŋka̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

半 (“half-”) + 角 (“square”), modeled after 全角 (zenkaku)

半角クワタ

半角スペース

半角ダッシュ

半角文字
hankaku moji
an halfwidth/en-width/single-byte character

(attributive, computing, typography, of an East Asian character or glyph) the state of being halfwidth which, in early computer encoding, occupies 1 byte, and in modern typography, visually either equals 1 en or proportional


外字

外字 (canonical)
gaiji (romanization)
gwaizi (romanization)
ぐわいじ (hiragana historical)

A character not included in a standard set of characters, such as JIS or Unicode. Often found in names of Japanese people and places.


遺伝子

ja-noun

遺(い)伝(でん)子(し) • (idenshi) ^(←ゐでんし (widensi)?)

遺伝子 (canonical)
idenshi (romanization)
widensi (romanization)
ゐでんし (hiragana historical)

遺伝子銀行

遺伝子銀行 いでんしぎんこう

遺伝子工学

遺伝子工学 いでんしこうがく

遺伝子診断

遺伝子診断 いでんししんだん

遺伝子操作

遺伝子操作 いでんしそうさ

遺伝子治療

遺伝子治療 いでんしちりょう

遺伝子導入

遺伝子導入 いでんしどうにゅう

遺伝子突然変異

遺伝子突然変異 いでんしとうぜんへんい

核外遺伝子

核外遺伝子 かくがいいでんし

癌抑制遺伝子

癌抑制遺伝子 がんよくせいいでんし

構造遺伝子

構造遺伝子 こうぞういでんし

対立遺伝子

対立遺伝子 たいりついでんし

致死遺伝子

致死遺伝子 ちしいでんし

調節遺伝子

調節遺伝子 ちょうせついでんし

重複遺伝子

重複遺伝子 ちょうふくいでんし

同義遺伝子

同義遺伝子 どうぎいでんし

複対立遺伝子

複対立遺伝子 ふくたいりついでんし

補足遺伝子

補足遺伝子 ほそくいでんし

免疫応答遺伝子

免疫応答遺伝子 めんえきおうとういでんし

利己的遺伝子説

利己的遺伝子説 りこてきいでんしせつ


平仮名

Compound of 平 (hira, “flat, smooth”) + 仮名 (kana). The kana changes to gana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


一昨日

一昨日 (canonical)
issakujitsu (romanization)

[isːa̠kɯ̟ᵝʑit͡sɨᵝ]

Compound of 一昨 (issaku-, “the previous... before...”) + 日 (jitsu, “day”).
First cited to a text from 1275.

com

(formal) the day before yesterday, two days ago


一昨日

ja-noun

一昨(おとと)日(い) • (ototoi) ^(←をととひ (wototofi)?)

一昨日 (canonical)
ototoi (romanization)
wototofi (romanization)
をととひ (hiragana historical)

/wotot͡sufi/ → /wototofi/ → /wototowi/ → /ototoi/
First cited to a text from roughly 953.
Shift from Old Japanese ototsui (see Etymology 3 below).
The kanji spelling is from issakujitsu (see Etymology 1 above).

かくてつかはしたりければ、千里見侍りて、まことにをととひなんかへりまうてこしかど、心地のなやましくてなむありつる、とはかりいひをくりてはべりければ、かさねてつかはしける

c. 951–953, Gosen Wakashū (book 14, introduction to poem 872)

Kakute tsukawashi-tarikereba, Chisato mihaberite, makoto ni ototoi nan kaeri mōte koshikado, kokochi no nayamashikutenan aritsuru, towakari ii okurite haberikereba, kasanete tsukawashikeru.

一昨日御出で

go away and don't ever come back; come here the day before yesterday


一昨日

一昨(おとつ)日(い) • (ototsui) ^(←をとつひ (wototufi)?)

一昨日 (canonical)
ototsui (romanization)
wototufi (romanization)
をとつひ (hiragana historical)

⟨woto₂ tu pi₁⟩ → */wotətupʲi/ → /wotot͡sufi/ → /otot͡suwi/ → /otot͡sui/
First attested in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).
Originally a compound of 遠 (oto, “distant, distant past”) + つ (tsu, Old Japanese case-marker particle) + 日 (hi, “day”).
The kanji spelling is from issakujitsu (see Etymology 1 above).


片仮名

Compound of 片 (kata, “part”) + 仮名 (kana). 片 is in turn a cognate with 方 (kata).

カタカナ語 カタカナ語#Japanese

Katakana, a set of Japanese syllabary characters, secondary to hiragana, derived from portions of Chinese characters whose sounds approximate the Japanese sound being represented. Chiefly thought of as being used for loanwords (cf. カタカナ語 (“loanword”, literally “katakana word”)), it has a number of other uses too, complementing hiragana; see Katakana on Wikipedia.Wikipedia


いろ

倚廬: temporary housing in which an emperor resides during the period of mourning following the death of the emperor's father


いね

Ine (romanization)
ine (romanization)
いね (hiragana historical)

⟨i₁ne⟩ → /ine/
From Old Japanese. Attested in the Man'yōshū of circa 759 CE. In turn, from Proto-Japonic *inay.


居眠り

居眠りする (canonical)
inemuri suru (romanization)
居眠りし (stem)
居眠りした (past)
居眠りし
いねむりし
inemuri shi
居眠りする
いねむりする
inemuri suru
居眠りすれ
いねむりすれ
inemuri sure
居眠りせよ (imperative literary)
居眠りしろ (colloquial imperative)
いねむりせよ (imperative literary)
いねむりしろ (colloquial imperative)
inemuri seyo (imperative literary)
inemuri shiro (colloquial imperative)
居眠りされる (passive)
いねむりされる (passive)
inemuri sareru (passive)
居眠りさせる (causative)
居眠りさす (causative)
いねむりさせる (causative)
いねむりさす (causative)
inemuri saseru (causative)
inemuri sasu (causative)
居眠りできる (potential)
いねむりできる (potential)
inemuri dekiru (potential)
居眠りしよう (volitional)
いねむりしよう (volitional)
inemuri shiyō (volitional)
居眠りしない (negative)
いねむりしない (negative)
inemuri shinai (negative)
居眠りせず (continuative negative)
いねむりせず (continuative negative)
inemuri sezu (continuative negative)
居眠りします (formal)
いねむりします (formal)
inemuri shimasu (formal)
居眠りした (perfective)
いねむりした (perfective)
inemuri shita (perfective)
居眠りして (conjunctive)
いねむりして (conjunctive)
inemuri shite (conjunctive)
居眠りすれば (conditional hypothetical)
いねむりすれば (conditional hypothetical)
inemuri sureba (conditional hypothetical)

電車で居眠りするサラリーマン達

a group of office workers dozing on the train


ハート

ja-noun

ハート • (hāto)

Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:ハート
ja:ハート (シンボル)
ja:松村明

欲しいのはハートだけずっと狙っているから。

2018, Y.O.G., KEN THE 390, TAKESHI UEDA (lyrics and music), “Beautiful Beast”, in Beautiful Beast, performed by DEVIL NO ID, track 1

Hoshīnoha hātodake zutto neratteirukara.

(anatomy, cardiology) Synonym of 心臓 (shinzō, “heart”)

Synonym of 心 (kokoro, “heart”) (emotions or kindness)

心

ハートのＫはイギリスのチャールズ一世

2001 March 10 [1998 December 16], Motohiro Katou, “ミネルヴァの梟 [Owl of Minerva]”, in Ｑ.Ｅ.Ｄ. 証明終了 (Ｑ.Ｅ.Ｄ. 証明終了) [Q.E.D. Quod Erat Demonstrandum], 9th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, page 102

The king of hearts is Charles I of England

Hāto no kingu wa Igirisu no Chāruzu Issei


違反

違反する (canonical)
ihan suru (romanization)
wifan (romanization)
違反し (stem)
違反した (past)
違反し
いはんし
ihan shi
違反する
いはんする
ihan suru
違反すれ
いはんすれ
ihan sure
違反せよ (imperative literary)
違反しろ (colloquial imperative)
いはんせよ (imperative literary)
いはんしろ (colloquial imperative)
ihan seyo (imperative literary)
ihan shiro (colloquial imperative)
違反される (passive)
いはんされる (passive)
ihan sareru (passive)
違反させる (causative)
違反さす (causative)
いはんさせる (causative)
いはんさす (causative)
ihan saseru (causative)
ihan sasu (causative)
違反できる (potential)
いはんできる (potential)
ihan dekiru (potential)
違反しよう (volitional)
いはんしよう (volitional)
ihan shiyō (volitional)
違反しない (negative)
いはんしない (negative)
ihan shinai (negative)
違反せず (continuative negative)
いはんせず (continuative negative)
ihan sezu (continuative negative)
違反します (formal)
いはんします (formal)
ihan shimasu (formal)
違反した (perfective)
いはんした (perfective)
ihan shita (perfective)
違反して (conjunctive)
いはんして (conjunctive)
ihan shite (conjunctive)
違反すれば (conditional hypothetical)
いはんすれば (conditional hypothetical)
ihan sureba (conditional hypothetical)


一生

一(いっ)生(しょう) • (isshō) ^(←いっしやう (issyau)?)

一生 (canonical)
isshō (romanization)
issyau (romanization)
いっしやう (hiragana historical)

一生の仕事
いっしょうのしごと
isshō no shigoto
one's life's work

汚れた一生を送る
けがれたいっしょうをおくる
kegareta isshō o okuru
lead a sinful (dirty) life


ウイスキー

ウイスキー • (uisukī)

[ɯ̟ᵝisɨᵝkʲiː]

[ɯ̟ᵝisɨ̥ᵝkʲiː]


温度

温度 (canonical)
ondo (romanization)
wondo (romanization)
をんど (hiragana historical)

Compound of 温(おん) (on, “warm”) + 度(ど) (do, “degree”).
Appeared in 舎密開宗 (Seimi Kaisō) of 1837-1847.

lw

国立国会図書館#国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション

国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション

国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション (“National Diet Library Digital Collections”)

National Diet Library#National Diet Library Digital Collections


走る

ja-verb

走(はし)る • (hashiru) intransitive godan (stem 走(はし)り (hashiri), past 走(はし)った (hashitta))

走る (canonical)
hashiru (romanization)
走り (stem)
走った (past)
走ら
はしら
hashira
走り
はしり
hashiri
走る
はしる
hashiru
走れ
はしれ
hashire
走られる (passive)
はしられる (passive)
hashirareru (passive)
走らせる (causative)
走らす (causative)
はしらせる (causative)
はしらす (causative)
hashiraseru (causative)
hashirasu (causative)
走れる (potential)
はしれる (potential)
hashireru (potential)
走ろう (volitional)
はしろう (volitional)
hashirō (volitional)
走らない (negative)
はしらない (negative)
hashiranai (negative)
走らず (continuative negative)
はしらず (continuative negative)
hashirazu (continuative negative)
走ります (formal)
はしります (formal)
hashirimasu (formal)
走った (perfective)
はしった (perfective)
hashitta (perfective)
走って (conjunctive)
はしって (conjunctive)
hashitte (conjunctive)
走れば (conditional hypothetical)
はしれば (conditional hypothetical)
hashireba (conditional hypothetical)
走ら (irrealis stem)
はしら (irrealis stem)
fasira (irrealis)
走り (continuative stem)
はしり (continuative stem)
fasiri (continuative)
走る (stem terminative)
はしる (stem terminative)
fasiru (terminative)
走る (attributive stem)
はしる (attributive stem)
fasiru (attributive)
走れ (realis stem)
はしれ (realis stem)
fasire (realis)
走れ (imperative stem)
はしれ (imperative stem)
fasire (imperative)
走らず (negative)
はしらず (negative)
fasirazu (negative)
走れど (contrastive)
はしれど (contrastive)
fasiredo (contrastive)
走れば (causative)
はしれば (causative)
fasireba (causative)
走らば (conditional)
はしらば (conditional)
fasiraba (conditional)
走りき (past)
はしりき (past)
fasiriki (past)
走りけり (past)
はしりけり (past)
fasirikeri (past)
走りつ (perfect)
はしりつ (perfect)
fasiritu (perfect)
走りぬ (perfect)
はしりぬ (perfect)
fasirinu (perfect)
走れり (continuative perfect)
走りたり (continuative perfect)
はしれり (continuative perfect)
はしりたり (continuative perfect)
fasireri (continuative perfect)
fasiritari (continuative perfect)
走らむ (volitional)
はしらむ (volitional)
fasiramu (volitional)


妊娠

The "Nintendo fanboy" sense is from a shortening of 任天堂(にんてんどう)信者(しんじゃ) (nintendō shinja, “Nintendo believer”), written with the kanji for "pregnancy" to carry an infantile nuance.

ja-r

にんてんどう% しんじゃ

(slang, derogatory, video games) a Nintendo fanboy, Nintendrone


妊娠

妊娠する (canonical)
ninshin suru (romanization)
妊娠し (stem)
妊娠した (past)
妊娠し
にんしんし
ninshin shi
妊娠する
にんしんする
ninshin suru
妊娠すれ
にんしんすれ
ninshin sure
妊娠せよ (imperative literary)
妊娠しろ (colloquial imperative)
にんしんせよ (imperative literary)
にんしんしろ (colloquial imperative)
ninshin seyo (imperative literary)
ninshin shiro (colloquial imperative)
妊娠される (passive)
にんしんされる (passive)
ninshin sareru (passive)
妊娠させる (causative)
妊娠さす (causative)
にんしんさせる (causative)
にんしんさす (causative)
ninshin saseru (causative)
ninshin sasu (causative)
妊娠できる (potential)
にんしんできる (potential)
ninshin dekiru (potential)
妊娠しよう (volitional)
にんしんしよう (volitional)
ninshin shiyō (volitional)
妊娠しない (negative)
にんしんしない (negative)
ninshin shinai (negative)
妊娠せず (continuative negative)
にんしんせず (continuative negative)
ninshin sezu (continuative negative)
妊娠します (formal)
にんしんします (formal)
ninshin shimasu (formal)
妊娠した (perfective)
にんしんした (perfective)
ninshin shita (perfective)
妊娠して (conjunctive)
にんしんして (conjunctive)
ninshin shite (conjunctive)
妊娠すれば (conditional hypothetical)
にんしんすれば (conditional hypothetical)
ninshin sureba (conditional hypothetical)

にんてんどう% しんじゃ


信号

信号処理

信号処理 しんごうしょり

電気信号

電気信号 でんきしんごう

交通信号

交通信号 こうつうしんごう


曜日

曜日 (canonical)
yōbi (romanization)
eubi (romanization)
えうび (hiragana historical)

Back-formation of 月曜日(げつようび) (getsuyōbi), 火曜日(かようび) (kayōbi), etc.


アイ

The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.


アース

From a transliteration of British English earth.

(electronics) (US) ground, (UK) earth, a connection electrically to the ground


アース

アースする (canonical)
āsu suru (romanization)
アースし (stem)
アースした (past)
アースし
āsu shi
アースする
āsu suru
アースすれ
āsu sure
アースせよ (imperative literary)
アースしろ (colloquial imperative)
āsu seyo (imperative literary)
āsu shiro (colloquial imperative)
アースされる (passive)
āsu sareru (passive)
アースさせる (causative)
アースさす (causative)
āsu saseru (causative)
āsu sasu (causative)
アースできる (potential)
āsu dekiru (potential)
アースしよう (volitional)
āsu shiyō (volitional)
アースしない (negative)
āsu shinai (negative)
アースせず (continuative negative)
āsu sezu (continuative negative)
アースします (formal)
āsu shimasu (formal)
アースした (perfective)
āsu shita (perfective)
アースして (conjunctive)
āsu shite (conjunctive)
アースすれば (conditional hypothetical)
āsu sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(electronics) to connect an electrical conductor to the ground


左側

左側 (canonical)
hidarigawa (romanization)

[çida̠ɾʲiɡa̠ɰᵝa̠]

(fandom slang) top (referring to the order of names in pairings)


ベリリウム

[be̞ɾʲiɾʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]

Beryllium
Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:ベリリウム
ja:松村明


ヘリウム

[he̞ɾʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]

Borrowed from English helium, German Helium, from New Latin helium.

ヘリウム気球

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:ヘリウム
ja:松村明


リチウム

[ɾʲit͡ɕiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]

Borrowed from New Latin lithium by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1837 in his book 舎密開宗 (Seimi Kaisō, “Introduction to Chemistry”). Later influenced by German Lithium, English lithium.

Daijisen
Kōjien
Lithium
Shinmura Izuru
ja:リチウム
ja:松村明


計算機言語

ja-noun

計(けい)算(さん)機(き)言(げん)語(ご) • (keisanki gengo)

計算機言語 (canonical)
keisanki gengo (romanization)

[ke̞ːsã̠ŋʲkʲi ɡẽ̞ŋɡo̞]

From 計(けい)算(さん)機(き) (keisanki, “computer”) + 言(げん)語(ご) (gengo, “language”).


ホウ素

ホウ素 (canonical)
hōso (romanization)
fauso (romanization)
はうそ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 硼 (hō, “borax”) + 素 (so, “element”). First used by Ishiguro Tadanori in Kagaku Kunmō in 1870, probably from 蓬(ほう)砂(しゃ)素(そ) (hōshaso) in Seimi Kaisō by Udagawa Yōan, which is a calque of Dutch boraxstof.

lang

日本各地の明治中期の理科授業筆記の発見と当時の元素教育

日本各地の明治中期の理科授業筆記の発見と当時の元素教育

Boron
Daijirin
Ishiguro Tadanori
Udagawa Yōan
ja:ホウ素


フッ素

Daijirin
Daijisen
Udagawa Yōan
ja:フッ素
ja:松村明

Compound of 弗 (futsu, used phonetically) + 素 (so, “chemical element”). First used by Morisaburō Ichikawa in Rika Nikki (1872). 弗 (futsu) was chosen for the initial fu, used by Udagawa Yōan in Seimi Kaisō (1837-1847) as 弗律阿里涅(フリュオリネ) from New Latin fluorine (not used today), and by Heijirō Takehara in Kagaku Nyūmon (1867-1870) as 弗律阿𠌃母(フリュオリウム) from New Latin fluorium. Other sources say it is from English fluorine but the Dutch translations predate English ones.

lang

弗律阿里涅(フリュオリネ)

furigana/ja

弗律阿里涅(フリュオリネ)

lang

弗律阿𠌃母(フリュオリウム)

furigana/ja

弗律阿𠌃母(フリュオリウム)

(dentistry, ellipsis) fluoride to prevent cavities such as sodium fluoride.


藍色

藍色 (canonical)
aiiro (romanization)
awiiro (romanization)
あゐいろ (hiragana historical)


悪口

悪口 (canonical)
akku (romanization)
akuku (romanization)
あくく (hiragana historical)

From Buddhism, one of the 十悪(じゅうあく) (jūaku, “ten evils”).

(Buddhism) the evil from the mouth, the use of malicious gossip


紅茶

紅茶を入れる

紅茶を飲む


マグネシウム

[ma̠ɡɯ̟ᵝne̞ɕiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]

Named for the magnesium ore in talc found in the Magnesia region of Greece, as given by English chemist Davy in the first half of the 19th century


食パン

→ Hakka: 削胖 (sio̍k-pháng)

→ Min Nan: 俗麭／俗𮮆 (sio̍k-pháng)

→ Korean: 식빵 (食빵, sikppang) (calque)

[ɕo̞kɯ̟̊ᵝpã̠ɴ]

食パンを１つ買った。

朝、食パンをトーストにして食べました。

This morning, I ate a slice of toasted bread.

Asa, shokupan o tōsuto ni shite tabemashita.

pullman loaf, sandwich loaf, pain de mie, a loaf or a slice


ナトリウム

[na̠to̞ɾʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]

Borrowed from German Natrium, from New Latin natrium.


原子価

From 原子 (genshi, “atom”) + 価 (ka, “value”).


菊花茶

ja-noun

菊(きく)花(か)茶(ちゃ) • (kikukacha) ^(←きくくわちゃ (kikukwatya)?)

菊花茶 (canonical)
kikukacha (romanization)
kikukwatya (romanization)
きくくわちゃ (hiragana historical)


菊花茶

菊(きっ)花(か)茶(ちゃ) • (kikkacha) ^(←きくくわちゃ (kikukwatya)?)

菊花茶 (canonical)
kikkacha (romanization)
kikukwatya (romanization)
きくくわちゃ (hiragana historical)


アルミニウム

[a̠ɾɯ̟ᵝmʲiɲ̟iɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]

Borrowed from British English aluminium.


同位元素

同位元素 (canonical)
dōigenso (romanization)


アルゴン

[a̠ɾɯ̟ᵝɡõ̞ɴ]


原子番号

原子番号 (canonical)
genshibangō (romanization)

原子 (genshi, “atom”) + 番号 (bangō, “number”)


カルシウム

[ka̠ɾɯ̟ᵝɕiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]

From Dutch calcium or English calcium, from New Latin calcium.

calcium (chemical element of atomic number 20)


スカンジウム

[sɨ̥ᵝkã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


同位体

ja-noun

同(どう)位(い)体(たい) • (dōitai) ^(←どうゐたい (dowitai)?)

同位体 (canonical)
dōitai (romanization)
dowitai (romanization)
どうゐたい (hiragana historical)


希土類

From 希(き) (ki, “rare”) + 土(ど) (do, “soil”) + 類(るい) (rui, “class”).

ja-compound

希土類元素

希土類元素 きどるいげんそ


バナジウム

[ba̠na̠ʑiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


番号

番号 (canonical)
bangō (romanization)
bangau (romanization)
ばんがう (hiragana historical)

number (sequence of digits and letters used to register people, automobiles, and various other items)

暗証番号

暗証番号 あんしょうばんごう

原子番号

原子番号 げんしばんごう

電話番号

電話番号 でんわばんごう

郵便番号

郵便番号 ゆうびんばんごう


希土類元素

ja-noun

希(き)土(ど)類(るい)元(げん)素(そ) • (kidorui genso)

希土類元素 (canonical)
kidorui genso (romanization)

[kʲido̞ɾɯ̟ᵝi ɡẽ̞ɰ̃so̞]

From 希(き)土(ど)類(るい) (kidorui, “rare earth”) + 元(げん)素(そ) (genso, “chemical element”).


マンガン

From Dutch mangaan. Already used by Udagawa Yōan in Seimi Kaisō (1837).

ruby

􂀿以􂁀(イ)􂀿呂􂁀(ロ)􂀿波􂁀(ハ)

以(イ)呂(ロ)波(ハ)

􂀿麻􂁀(マ)􂀿倔􂁀(ク)􂀿涅􂁀(子)􂀿叟􂁀(シウ゚)􂀿母􂁀(ム)

麻(マ)倔(ク)涅(子)叟(シウ゚)母(ム)

􂀿滿􂁀(マン)􂀿瓦􂁀(ガ)􂀿紐􂁀(ニュ)􂀿母􂁀(ム)

滿(マン)瓦(ガ)紐(ニュ)母(ム)


ニッケル

[ɲ̟ik̚ke̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]


テクネチウム

[te̞kɯ̟ᵝne̞t͡ɕiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


イットリウム

[it̚to̞ɾʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


ルテニウム

[ɾɯ̟ᵝte̞ɲ̟iɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


ロジウム

rojiumu (romanization)
rodiumu (romanization)
ロヂウム (historical katakana)

[ɾo̞ʑiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


ジルコニウム

[d͡ʑiɾɯ̟ᵝko̞ɲ̟iɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


クリプトン

[kɯ̟ᵝɾʲipɯ̟̊ᵝtõ̞ɴ]


柚子

yuzu or Japanese citron, a citrus fruit similar to a grapefruit, Citrus junos


電磁気学

電磁気学 (canonical)
denjikigaku (romanization)

(a field of physics) electromagnetism, electromagnetics


モリブデン

[mo̞ɾʲibɯ̟ᵝdẽ̞ɴ]


ガリウム

[ɡa̠ɾʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]

From English gallium, from New Latin gallium.


統計力学

統計力学 (canonical)
tōkei rikigaku (romanization)

From 統計(とうけい) (tōkei, “statistic”) + 力学(りきがく) (rikigaku, “mechanics”).

ja-compound

statistical mechanics
statistical mechanics


貴金属

貴金属 (canonical)
kikinzoku (romanization)

From 貴 (ki, “precious”) + 金属 (kinzoku, “metal”).


光学

ja-noun

光(こう)学(がく) • (kōgaku) ^(←くわうがく (kwaugaku)?)

光学 (canonical)
kōgaku (romanization)
kwaugaku (romanization)
くわうがく (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ːɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

From 光 (kō-, “photo-”) + 学 (-gaku, “-graphy; -logy”).


解析力学

ja-noun

解(かい)析(せき)力(りき)学(がく) • (kaiseki rikigaku)

解析力学 (canonical)
kaiseki rikigaku (romanization)

From 解析 (kaiseki, “analysis”) + 力学 (rikigaku, “mechanics”).


クロム

[kɯ̟ᵝɾo̞mɯ̟ᵝ]

クロム酸混液

potassium dichromate sulfuric acid solution


量子色力学

ja-noun

量(りょう)子(し)色(いろ)力(りき)学(がく) • (ryōshi irorikigaku)

量子色力学 (canonical)
ryōshi irorikigaku (romanization)

量子 (ryōshi, “quantum”) + 色力学 (irorikigaku, “chromodynamics”)

compound

quantum chromodynamics
quantum chromodynamics


ルビジウム

[ɾɯ̟ᵝbʲiʑiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


ストロンチウム

[sɨ̥ᵝto̞ɾõ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


セシウム

[se̞ɕiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


パラジウム

ja-noun

パラジウム • (parajiumu) ^(←パラヂウム (paradiumu)?)

parajiumu (romanization)
paradiumu (romanization)
パラヂウム (historical katakana)

[pa̠ɾa̠ʑiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


サマリウム

[sa̠ma̠ɾʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


エルビウム

[e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝbʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


熱力学

熱力学 (canonical)
netsurikigaku (romanization)

[ne̞t͡sɨᵝɾʲikʲiɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

From 熱 (netsu, “heat”) + 力学 (rikigaku, “mechanics”).


プラセオジム

[pɯ̟ᵝɾa̠se̞o̞ʑimɯ̟ᵝ]


ランタノイド

Internationalism; see English lanthanoid.

(inorganic chemistry) lanthanide; lanthanoid


金属

From Middle Chinese compound 金屬／金属 (kim dzyowk, literally “metal + be attached to; category”).

鉄は有用な金属です。


ツリウム

[t͡sɨᵝɾʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


沸点

[ɸɯ̟ᵝt̚tẽ̞ɴ]


コバルト

Cobalt
Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Udagawa Yōan
ja:コバルト
ja:松村明

Borrowed from Dutch kobalt. Already used by Udagawa Yōan in Seimi Kaisō (1837). Later influenced by German Kobalt, English cobalt.

ruby

􂀿以􂁀(イ)􂀿呂􂁀(ロ)􂀿波􂁀(ハ)

以(イ)呂(ロ)波(ハ)

􂀿箇􂁀(コ)􂀿拔􂁀(バ)􂀿爾􂁀(ル)􂀿丢􂁀(テュ)􂀿母􂁀(ム)

箇(コ)拔(バ)爾(ル)丢(テュ)母(ム)

􂀿格􂁀(コ)􂀿綸􂁀(リュム)􂀿彪􂁀(ビウ)􂀿母􂁀(ム)

格(コ)綸(リュム)彪(ビウ)母(ム)


ガドリニウム

[ɡa̠do̞ɾʲiɲ̟iɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


インジウム

[ĩɲ̟d͡ʑiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


カドミウム

[ka̠do̞mʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]

Borrowed from New Latin cadmium by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1837 in his book 舎密開宗 (Seimi Kaisō, “Introduction to Chemistry”).


イッテルビウム

[it̚te̞ɾɯ̟ᵝbʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


プロメチウム

[pɯ̟ᵝɾo̞me̞t͡ɕiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


セリウム

[se̞ɾʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


ジスプロシウム

[d͡ʑisɨ̥ᵝpɯ̟ᵝɾo̞ɕiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


テルビウム

[te̞ɾɯ̟ᵝbʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


タングステン

[tã̠ŋɡɯ̟ᵝsɨ̥ᵝtẽ̞ɴ]


ハフニウム

[ha̠ɸɯ̟ᵝɲ̟iɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


タンタル

[tã̠nta̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]


元素

元 (gen, “element”) + 素 (so, “element”). Calque of Dutch hoofdstof.

四大元素: the four classical chemical elements


希ガス

From 希 (ki, “rare”) + ガス (gasu, “gas”). Compare Chinese 稀有氣體／稀有气体 (xīyǒu qìtǐ), Vietnamese khí hiếm (literally “rare gas”).
希 is a daiyōji replacing 稀.


遷移金属

遷移金属 (canonical)
sen'i kinzoku (romanization)

[sẽ̞ɰ̃i kʲĩnd͡zo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

From 遷移 (sen'i, “transition”) + 金属 (kinzoku, “metal”).


遷移元素

遷移元素 (canonical)
sen'i genso (romanization)

From 遷移 (sen'i, “transition”) + 元素 (genso, “chemical element”).

遷移金属

遷移金属 せんいきんぞく


ユウロピウム

[jɯ̟ᵝːɾo̞pʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


バリウム

[ba̠ɾʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]

Borrowed from New Latin barium by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1837 in his book 舎密開宗 (Seimi Kaisō, “Introduction to Chemistry”).


打つ

ja-verb

打(う)つ • (utsu) transitive godan (stem 打(う)ち (uchi), past 打(う)った (utta))

打つ (canonical)
utsu (romanization)
打ち (stem)
打った (past)
打た
うた
uta
打ち
うち
uchi
打つ
うつ
utsu
打て
うて
ute
打たれる (passive)
うたれる (passive)
utareru (passive)
打たせる (causative)
打たす (causative)
うたせる (causative)
うたす (causative)
utaseru (causative)
utasu (causative)
打てる (potential)
うてる (potential)
uteru (potential)
打とう (volitional)
うとう (volitional)
utō (volitional)
打たない (negative)
うたない (negative)
utanai (negative)
打たず (continuative negative)
うたず (continuative negative)
utazu (continuative negative)
打ちます (formal)
うちます (formal)
uchimasu (formal)
打った (perfective)
うった (perfective)
utta (perfective)
打って (conjunctive)
うって (conjunctive)
utte (conjunctive)
打てば (conditional hypothetical)
うてば (conditional hypothetical)
uteba (conditional hypothetical)
打た (irrealis stem)
うた (irrealis stem)
uta (irrealis)
打ち (continuative stem)
うち (continuative stem)
uti (continuative)
打つ (stem terminative)
うつ (stem terminative)
utu (terminative)
打つ (attributive stem)
うつ (attributive stem)
utu (attributive)
打て (realis stem)
うて (realis stem)
ute (realis)
打て (imperative stem)
うて (imperative stem)
ute (imperative)
打たず (negative)
うたず (negative)
utazu (negative)
打てど (contrastive)
うてど (contrastive)
utedo (contrastive)
打てば (causative)
うてば (causative)
uteba (causative)
打たば (conditional)
うたば (conditional)
utaba (conditional)
打ちき (past)
うちき (past)
utiki (past)
打ちけり (past)
うちけり (past)
utikeri (past)
打ちつ (perfect)
うちつ (perfect)
utitu (perfect)
打ちぬ (perfect)
うちぬ (perfect)
utinu (perfect)
打てり (continuative perfect)
打ちたり (continuative perfect)
うてり (continuative perfect)
うちたり (continuative perfect)
uteri (continuative perfect)
utitari (continuative perfect)
打たむ (volitional)
うたむ (volitional)
utamu (volitional)

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *utu. Cognate with Miyako 打つぃ (utsï).

ヒットを打つ

ホームランを打つ

キーボードを打つ

長文を打つ

文字を打つ

うどんを打つ

手打ちうどん

注射を打つ


ルテチウム

[ɾɯ̟ᵝte̞t͡ɕiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


ホルミウム

[ho̞ɾɯ̟ᵝmʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]

Daijirin Daijisen Holmium ja:ホルミウム ja:松村明


量子力学

ja-noun

量(りょう)子(し)力(りき)学(がく) • (ryōshi rikigaku) ^(←りやうしりきがく (ryausirikigaku)?)

量子力学 (canonical)
ryōshi rikigaku (romanization)
ryausirikigaku (romanization)
りやうしりきがく (hiragana historical)

[ɾʲo̞ːɕi ɾʲikʲiɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

量子 (ryōshi, “quantum”) + 力学 (rikigaku, “mechanics”)


プラズマ

[pɯ̟ᵝɾa̠zɨᵝma̠]

Borrowing from English plasma, French plasma, or German Plasma.

Synonym of 原形質 (genkei-shitsu, “protoplasm”)


証明終わり

証明終わり (canonical)
shōmei owari (romanization)

quod erat demonstrandum
quod erat demonstrandum

(mathematics) quod erat demonstrandum (that which was to be proved)


亜鉛

First appears in Japanese in the 1713 edition of the 和漢三才図会 (Wakan Sansai Zue, “Illustrated Sino-Japanese Encyclopedia”). Appears to be a Japanese coinage as 亜 (a, “next, sub-”) + 鉛 (en, “lead”, the metal), probably from the way that zinc is often found together with lead in ores. Probably influenced by early Hokkien 倭鉛／倭铅 (e-iân), early Mandarin 倭鉛／倭铅 (wōqiān, literally “Japanese lead”).


温室

ja-noun

温(おん)室(しつ) • (onshitsu) ^(←をんしつ (wonsitu)?)

温室 (canonical)
onshitsu (romanization)
wonsitu (romanization)
をんしつ (hiragana historical)
温室 (canonical)
onshitsu (romanization)
wonsitu (romanization)
うんじつ (alternative hiragana)
unjitsu (Rōmaji)
をんしつ (hiragana historical)

[õ̞ɰ̃ɕi̥t͡sɨᵝ]

[ɯ̟̃ᵝɲ̟d͡ʑit͡sɨᵝ]

a greenhouse (building in which plants are grown more quickly than outside)


ポロニウム

[po̞ɾo̞ɲ̟iɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


中性子

中性子 (canonical)
chūseishi (romanization)

[t͡ɕɨᵝːse̞ːɕi]

From 中性 (chūsei, “neutrality”) + 子 (-shi, “particle”).


レニウム

[ɾe̞ɲ̟iɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


陽子

陽子 (canonical)
yōshi (romanization)
yausi (romanization)
やうし (hiragana historical)

陽 (yō, “yang; positivity”) + 子 (-shi, “particle”)


陽子

陽子 (canonical)
陽子 (canonical)
Yōko (romanization)
Haruko (romanization)


アスタチン

[a̠sɨᵝta̠t͡ɕĩɴ]


タリウム

[ta̠ɾʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


イリジウム

ja-noun

イリジウム • (irijiumu) ^(←イリヂウム (iridiumu)?)

irijiumu (romanization)
iridiumu (romanization)
イリヂウム (historical katakana)

[iɾʲiʑiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]

Borrowed from New Latin iridium by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1837 in his book 舎密開宗 (Seimi Kaisō, “Introduction to Chemistry”).


オスミウム

[o̞sɨᵝmʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]

Borrowed from New Latin osmium by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1837 in his book 舎密開宗 (Seimi Kaisō, “Introduction to Chemistry”).


証明

証明する (canonical)
shōmei suru (romanization)
証明し (stem)
証明した (past)
証明し
しょうめいし
shōmei shi
証明する
しょうめいする
shōmei suru
証明すれ
しょうめいすれ
shōmei sure
証明せよ (imperative literary)
証明しろ (colloquial imperative)
しょうめいせよ (imperative literary)
しょうめいしろ (colloquial imperative)
shōmei seyo (imperative literary)
shōmei shiro (colloquial imperative)
証明される (passive)
しょうめいされる (passive)
shōmei sareru (passive)
証明させる (causative)
証明さす (causative)
しょうめいさせる (causative)
しょうめいさす (causative)
shōmei saseru (causative)
shōmei sasu (causative)
証明できる (potential)
しょうめいできる (potential)
shōmei dekiru (potential)
証明しよう (volitional)
しょうめいしよう (volitional)
shōmei shiyō (volitional)
証明しない (negative)
しょうめいしない (negative)
shōmei shinai (negative)
証明せず (continuative negative)
しょうめいせず (continuative negative)
shōmei sezu (continuative negative)
証明します (formal)
しょうめいします (formal)
shōmei shimasu (formal)
証明した (perfective)
しょうめいした (perfective)
shōmei shita (perfective)
証明して (conjunctive)
しょうめいして (conjunctive)
shōmei shite (conjunctive)
証明すれば (conditional hypothetical)
しょうめいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
shōmei sureba (conditional hypothetical)


対消滅

対消滅 (canonical)
tsui shōmetsu (romanization)


対消滅

対消滅する (canonical)
tsui shōmetsu suru (romanization)
対消滅し (stem)
対消滅した (past)
対消滅し
ついしょうめつし
tsui shōmetsu shi
対消滅する
ついしょうめつする
tsui shōmetsu suru
対消滅すれ
ついしょうめつすれ
tsui shōmetsu sure
対消滅せよ (imperative literary)
対消滅しろ (colloquial imperative)
ついしょうめつせよ (imperative literary)
ついしょうめつしろ (colloquial imperative)
tsui shōmetsu seyo (imperative literary)
tsui shōmetsu shiro (colloquial imperative)
対消滅される (passive)
ついしょうめつされる (passive)
tsui shōmetsu sareru (passive)
対消滅させる (causative)
対消滅さす (causative)
ついしょうめつさせる (causative)
ついしょうめつさす (causative)
tsui shōmetsu saseru (causative)
tsui shōmetsu sasu (causative)
対消滅できる (potential)
ついしょうめつできる (potential)
tsui shōmetsu dekiru (potential)
対消滅しよう (volitional)
ついしょうめつしよう (volitional)
tsui shōmetsu shiyō (volitional)
対消滅しない (negative)
ついしょうめつしない (negative)
tsui shōmetsu shinai (negative)
対消滅せず (continuative negative)
ついしょうめつせず (continuative negative)
tsui shōmetsu sezu (continuative negative)
対消滅します (formal)
ついしょうめつします (formal)
tsui shōmetsu shimasu (formal)
対消滅した (perfective)
ついしょうめつした (perfective)
tsui shōmetsu shita (perfective)
対消滅して (conjunctive)
ついしょうめつして (conjunctive)
tsui shōmetsu shite (conjunctive)
対消滅すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ついしょうめつすれば (conditional hypothetical)
tsui shōmetsu sureba (conditional hypothetical)


量子

量(りょう)子(し) • (ryōshi) ^(←りやうし (ryausi)?)

量子 (canonical)
ryōshi (romanization)
ryausi (romanization)
りやうし (hiragana historical)

量子物理学

量子物理学 りょうしぶつりがく

音響量子

音響量子 おんきょうりょうし

作用量子

作用量子 さくようりょうし

量子色力学

量子色力学 りょうしいろりきがく

量子化学

量子化学 りょうしかがく

量子仮説

量子仮説 りょうしかせつ

量子電磁力学

量子電磁力学 りょうしでんじりきがく

量子統計力学

量子統計力学 りょうしとうけいりきがく

量子力学

量子力学 りょうしりきがく


力学

[ɾʲikʲiɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

力 (riki, “force”) + 学 (-gaku, “-ics; -graphy; -logy”)


遷移

遷移する (canonical)
sen'i suru (romanization)
sen'i (romanization)
遷移し (stem)
遷移した (past)
遷移し
せんいし
sen'i shi
遷移する
せんいする
sen'i suru
遷移すれ
せんいすれ
sen'i sure
遷移せよ (imperative literary)
遷移しろ (colloquial imperative)
せんいせよ (imperative literary)
せんいしろ (colloquial imperative)
sen'i seyo (imperative literary)
sen'i shiro (colloquial imperative)
遷移される (passive)
せんいされる (passive)
sen'i sareru (passive)
遷移させる (causative)
遷移さす (causative)
せんいさせる (causative)
せんいさす (causative)
sen'i saseru (causative)
sen'i sasu (causative)
遷移できる (potential)
せんいできる (potential)
sen'i dekiru (potential)
遷移しよう (volitional)
せんいしよう (volitional)
sen'i shiyō (volitional)
遷移しない (negative)
せんいしない (negative)
sen'i shinai (negative)
遷移せず (continuative negative)
せんいせず (continuative negative)
sen'i sezu (continuative negative)
遷移します (formal)
せんいします (formal)
sen'i shimasu (formal)
遷移した (perfective)
せんいした (perfective)
sen'i shita (perfective)
遷移して (conjunctive)
せんいして (conjunctive)
sen'i shite (conjunctive)
遷移すれば (conditional hypothetical)
せんいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
sen'i sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(physics, chemistry) to transit, to undergo transition, such as phase transition


有効

ja-noun

有(ゆう)効(こう) • (yūkō)

(judo) yuko, the points awarded for a type of move in a judo match or the judge's call of yuko


しゅく

shuku (romanization)
syuku (romanization)
しゆく (hiragana historical)

(historical) shuku, a class of outcast in medieval and pre-modern Kinki region


左手

From Old Japanese.
From 左 (hidari, “left”) + 手 (te, “hand”).


左手

From Middle Chinese 左手 (MC tsaX|tsaH syuwX).


ベータ

ベータ • (bēta)

From English beta or learned borrowing from Ancient Greek βῆτα (bêta).


ベータ粒子

ベータ粒子 (canonical)
bēta ryūshi (romanization)

[be̞ːta̠ ɾʲɨᵝːɕi]

Compound of ベータ (bēta, “beta”) + 粒子 (ryūshi, “particle”), as a calque of English beta particle.


ヘルツ

[he̞ɾɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]


外国人

ja-noun

外(がい)国(こく)人(じん) • (gaikokujin) ^(←ぐゎいこくじん (gwaikokuzin)?)

外国人 (canonical)
gaikokujin (romanization)
gwaikokuzin (romanization)
ぐゎいこくじん (hiragana historical)

→ English: gaikokujin

[ɡa̠iko̞kɯ̟ᵝʑĩɴ]

gwaikokujin > gaikokujin. Literally 外国 (“foreign country”) + 人 (“person”).

予、在宋ノ時、天童淨和尚、侍者ニ請ズルニ云ク、「外國人タリトイヘドモ、元子器量人ナリ。」ト云テコレヲ請ズ。予、堅ク是ヲ辭ス。其故ハ、「和國ニキコヱンタメモ、學道ノ稽古ノタメモ大切ナレドモ、衆中ニ具眼ノ人アリテ、外國人トシテ大叢林ノ侍者タランコト、國ニ人ナキガ如シト難ズルコトアラン、尤モハヅベシ。」トイヽテ[...]

a foreigner, a person from a foreign country; an alien, a foreign national


白金

Compound of 白 (shiro, “white”) + 金 (kin, “gold”). The use of the kun'yomi for the first character and the on'yomi for the second character points to a more recent derivation.


天女

From Middle Chinese 天女 (MC then nrjoX|nrjoH, literally “heavenly female; deva female”).

ltc-l

(Chinese god, Japanese mythology) a female inhabitant of heaven; a heavenly female


時間

→ Chinese: 時間／时间 (shíjiān)

→ Korean: 시간(時間) (sigan)

→ Vietnamese: thời gian

Daijirin
Inoue Tetsujirō
Meiji period
University of Tokyo
ja:時間

Probably originally borrowed from Middle Chinese compound 時間 (dzyi kɛn, literally “time interval”). Repurposed in the early Meiji period as a translation of the western term time in relation to philosophy in the 1881 publication of 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Philosophy Dictionary”) compiled by Inoue Tetsujirō. The meaning "hour" can be analyzed as a compound of 時(じ) (-ji, “o'clock”) + 間(かん) (-kan, time interval suffix). Compare other terms formed with the suffix 間(かん) (-kan) like 三(さん)分(ぷん)間(かん) (sanpunkan) and 三日(みっか)間(かん) (mikkakan).
The reading is a mix of the goon reading ji and the kan'on reading kan, suggesting either that the reading changed after borrowing (from the expected goon pronunciation of jiken or the expected kan'on pronunciation of shikan), or that this term was independently coined in Japanese after the constituent terms 時(じ) (ji) and 間(かん) (kan) were borrowed.

ja-compound

時間はありますか？

時間はいつでも大丈夫です。
Jikan wa itsu de mo daijōbu desu.
Any time works for me.

literally, “As for time, whenever is fine.”

もうこんな時間！
Mō konna jikan!
My, will you look at the time!

literally, “[it's] already this sort of time!”

時間にルーズ
jikan ni rūzu
never on time
(literally, “lax about time”)

時間と空間の関係

試験時間に遅れた
shiken jikan ni okureta
was late for the exam
(literally, “late to the time of the exam”)

営業時間は月火水、午前 ９時から午後 ２時までです。

Business hours are Monday to Wednesday, 9 AM to 2 PM.

Eigyō jikan wa getsu-ka-sui, gozen ku-ji kara gogo ni-ji made desu.

開館時間

時間です！
Jikan desu!
Time's up!

閉園の時間です！
Heien no jikan desu!
We're closing now!

あまり時間がなくてすみません

sorry for not having the time [to do something]

目覚めの時間だ

2002 July 27, Mashiba, Shin, “第壱夜 下リ階段 [Night 1: Downward Stairway]”, in [夢](ゆめ)[喰](くい)[見](けん)[聞](ぶん) ([夢](ゆめ)[喰](くい)[見](けん)[聞](ぶん)) [The Dream-Eating Inspector], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Square Enix, page 21

the hours or time when something happens