指す

ja-verb

指(さ)す • (sasu) transitive godan (stem 指(さ)し (sashi), past 指(さ)した (sashita))

指す (canonical)
sasu (romanization)
指し (stem)
指した (past)
指さ
ささ
sasa
指し
さし
sashi
指す
さす
sasu
指せ
させ
sase
指される (passive)
さされる (passive)
sasareru (passive)
指させる (causative)
指さす (causative)
ささせる (causative)
ささす (causative)
sasaseru (causative)
sasasu (causative)
指せる (potential)
させる (potential)
saseru (potential)
指そう (volitional)
さそう (volitional)
sasō (volitional)
指さない (negative)
ささない (negative)
sasanai (negative)
指さず (continuative negative)
ささず (continuative negative)
sasazu (continuative negative)
指します (formal)
さします (formal)
sashimasu (formal)
指した (perfective)
さした (perfective)
sashita (perfective)
指して (conjunctive)
さして (conjunctive)
sashite (conjunctive)
指せば (conditional hypothetical)
させば (conditional hypothetical)
saseba (conditional hypothetical)
指さ (irrealis stem)
ささ (irrealis stem)
sasa (irrealis)
指し (continuative stem)
さし (continuative stem)
sasi (continuative)
指す (stem terminative)
さす (stem terminative)
sasu (terminative)
指す (attributive stem)
さす (attributive stem)
sasu (attributive)
指せ (realis stem)
させ (realis stem)
sase (realis)
指せ (imperative stem)
させ (imperative stem)
sase (imperative)
指さず (negative)
ささず (negative)
sasazu (negative)
指せど (contrastive)
させど (contrastive)
sasedo (contrastive)
指せば (causative)
させば (causative)
saseba (causative)
指さば (conditional)
ささば (conditional)
sasaba (conditional)
指しき (past)
さしき (past)
sasiki (past)
指しけり (past)
さしけり (past)
sasikeri (past)
指しつ (perfect)
さしつ (perfect)
sasitu (perfect)
指しぬ (perfect)
さしぬ (perfect)
sasinu (perfect)
指せり (continuative perfect)
指したり (continuative perfect)
させり (continuative perfect)
さしたり (continuative perfect)
saseri (continuative perfect)
sasitari (continuative perfect)
指さむ (volitional)
ささむ (volitional)
sasamu (volitional)

(shogi, chess) play (the game or a move); move (a piece); make (a move)


俳句

haiku, a poem that usually consists of 5-7-5 morae


形声

From Middle Chinese compound 形聲 (MC heng syeng, literally “form, shape + sound”).
The kan'on, so likely a borrowing from later in the history of Middle Chinese.

ltc-l

One of the types of Han characters, containing those characters comprising a part that indicates the meaning, and a part that indicates the pronunciation.

指事: ideogram

六書 (rikusho): The six types of Han characters


ロボット

陸上戦闘ロボット。今はダメだが、海でも使えたらしい。

1999 September 23, “陸戦型 バグロス [Ground Assault Bugloth]”, in Vol.5, Konami

A robot for assault on the ground. It used to be used in the sea, too.

Rikujō sentō robotto. Ima wa dame da ga, umi de mo tsukaeta rashii.

超最先端技術により開発されたモンキータイプの自律型ロボット。非常にアクロバティックな動きをする。

2002 November 21, “アクロバットモンキー [Acrobat Monkey]”, in ガーディアンの力 [Power of the Guardians], Konami

An autonomous monkey-type robot developed through super-cutting-edge technology. It can pull some over-the-top acrobatic moves.

Chōsaisentan gijutsu ni yori kaihatsu sareta monkī taipu no jiritsugata robotto. Hijō ni akurobatikku na ugoki o suru.


指事

(Chinese character classification) ideogram, particularly in the sense of 六書 ideogram. One of the types of Han characters, containing those characters such as 上 (“above”) and 下 (“below”) that indicate an abstract idea with a non-arbitrary logogram.


ステンレススチール

[sɨᵝtẽ̞nɾe̞sɨᵝ sɨᵝt͡ɕiːɾɯ̟ᵝ]


ステンレス・スティール

[sɨᵝtẽ̞nɾe̞sɨᵝ sɨᵝtʲiːɾɯ̟ᵝ]


注意

注意 (canonical)
chūi (romanization)
tyuui (romanization)
ちゆうい (hiragana historical)


目覚まし時計

目覚まし時計 (canonical)
mezamashidokei (romanization)

Compound of 目覚まし (mezamashi, “waking, wakeup”, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 目覚(めざ)ます (mezamasu, “to wake someone up”).) + 時計 (tokei, “clock”). The tokei changes to dokei as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


囚人

ja-noun

囚(しゅう)人(じん) • (shūjin) ^(←しうじん (siuzin)?)

囚人 (canonical)
shūjin (romanization)
siuzin (romanization)
しうじん (hiragana historical)
囚人 (canonical)
meshiudo (romanization)
めしゅうど (alternative hiragana)
meshūdo (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)
めしうど (alternative hiragana historical)

[me̞ɕɨᵝːdo̞]

ハリー・ポッターとアズカバンの囚人

Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban


海賊

私は非道な海賊と同類にはなりたくなかったから‼ 私の大切な人の命を奪った 大嫌いな海賊と同類には…‼

1998 April 3, Eiichiro Oda, “第10話 酒場の一件 [Chapter 10: The Incident at the Bar]”, in One Piece, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, pages 43–44

Because I don't want to be like cruel pirates!! Like hateful pirates who took the life of my dear one...!!

Watashi wa hidō na kaizoku to dōrui ni wa naritaku nakatta kara‼ Watashi no taisetsu na hito no inochi o ubatta daikirai na kaizoku to dōrui ni wa…‼

(nautical) pirate (one who plunders at sea)


ランプ

ja:ランプ
ja:ランプ (道路)

ランプウェー ランプウェー#Japanese

Clipping of ランプウェー (ranpuwē, “rampway”).


ランプ

rump (a cut of meat from the rump of an animal)


歯医者

Compound of 歯 (ha, “tooth, teeth”) + 医者 (isha, “doctor”).


一輪車

一輪車 (canonical)
ichirinsha (romanization)

[it͡ɕiɾʲĩɰ̃ɕa̠]

一 (ichi, “one”) + 輪 (rin, “wheel”) + 車 (sha, “wheeled vehicle”)

com

五六台の一輪車


担保

(finance) Something that secures the fulfillment of an obligation; security; mortgage; collateral.


虫歯

Compound of 虫 (mushi, “worm, bug”) + 歯 (ha, “tooth”). The ha changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


無理心中

ja-noun

無(む)理(り)心(しん)中(じゅう) • (murishinjū) ^(←むりしんぢゆう (murisindyuu)?)

無理心中 (canonical)
murishinjū (romanization)
murisindyuu (romanization)
むりしんぢゆう (hiragana historical)

[mɯ̟ᵝɾʲiɕĩɲ̟d͡ʑɨᵝː]


同期転送モード

どうき てんそう モード

同(どう)期(き)転(てん)送(そう)モード • (dōki tensō mōdo)

同期転送モード (canonical)
dōki tensō mōdo (romanization)

非同期転送モード

非同期転送 ひどうきてんそう

同期 (dōki, “synchronous”) + 転送 (tensō, “transfer”) + モード (mōdo, “mode”)


非同期転送モード

ja-noun

ひどうき-てんそう-もーど

非同期転送(ひどうきてんそう)モード • (hidōki-tensō-mōdo)

非同期転送モード (canonical)
hidōki-tensō-mōdo (romanization)

同期転送モード

同期転送 どうきてんそう

非同期 (hidōki, “asynchronous”) + 転送 (tensō, “transfer”) + モード (mōdo, “mode”)

compound

asynchronous transfer mode
asynchronous transfer mode


自動変速機

ja-noun

自(じ)動(どう)変(へん)速(そく)機(き) • (jidō hensokuki)

自動変速機 (canonical)
jidō hensokuki (romanization)

automatic transmission
automatic transmission


天麩羅

天麩羅 (canonical)
天麩羅 (canonical)
tenpura (romanization)

→ Chinese: 天婦羅／天妇罗 (tiānfùluó), 甜不辣 (tiánbùlà), 天富羅／天富罗 (tiānfùluó)

→ English: tempura

→ Finnish: tempura

desc

→ Hebrew: טמפורה

→ Hebrew: טמפורה

→ Indonesian: tempura

→ Italian: tempura

→ Korean: 덴푸라 (denpura)

→ Polish: tempura

→ Portuguese: tempura, tempurá (Brazil)

→ Russian: тэ́мпура (tɛ́mpura), те́мпура (témpura)

→ Spanish: tempura

→ Tagalog: tempura

[tẽ̞mpɯ̟ᵝɾa̠]

Borrowed from Portuguese, ultimately from Latin. Different dictionaries link two different original terms:
* Portuguese tempero (“seasoning”) or tempera (third-person present singular or imperative tense of temperar (“to season, to temper”)), from Latin temperare (“to mix, to temper”).
* Portuguese têmpora (“Ember days”), from Latin tempora, plural of tempus (“time; period”). When Portuguese explorers (mostly Jesuit missionaries) arrived in Japan, they abstained from eating beef, pork, and poultry during the Ember days series of holidays. Instead, they ate fried vegetables and fish. This was the first contact of the Japanese with fried food, and since then they began associating Portuguese têmpora (IPA: /ˈtẽ.pu.ɾɐ/) with such food.
The kanji are ateji (当て字).

tempura: a Japanese dish made from seafood, chicken, or vegetables dipped in batter and deep fried

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Tempura
ja:天ぷら
ja:松村明


現金自動預払機

ja-noun

げんきん じどう あずけばらいき

現(げん)金(きん)自(じ)動(どう)預(あずけ)払(ばらい)機(き) • (genkin jidō azukebaraiki)

現金自動預払機 (canonical)
genkin jidō azukebaraiki (romanization)

From 現(げん)金(きん) (genkin, “cash”) + 自(じ)動(どう) (jidō, “automatic”) + 預(あず)け (azuke, “deposit”) + 払(はら)い (harai, “payment”) + 機(き) (ki, “machine”).

ja-compound

automated teller machine
automated teller machine#English

ja:現金自動預け払い機


条件

Chinese: 條件／条件 (tiáojiàn)

Korean: 조건 (jogeon)

Vietnamese: điều kiện

[d͡ʑo̞ːkẽ̞ɴ]

(law) terms, conditions, or requirements, as of a treaty or contract

発生条件


老婆

老婆 (canonical)
rōba (romanization)
rauba (romanization)
らうば (hiragana historical)


秩序

[t͡ɕi̥t͡sɨᵝʑo̞]


天気予報

天気予報 (canonical)
tenki yohō (romanization)

天気 (tenki, “weather”) + 予報 (yohō, “forecast”)


復活祭

ja-noun

復(ふっ)活(かつ)祭(さい) • (Fukkatsusai) ^(←ふくくわつさい (fukukwatusai)?)

復活祭 (canonical)
Fukkatsusai (romanization)
fukukwatusai (romanization)
ふくくわつさい (hiragana historical)

[ɸɯ̟̊ᵝk̚ka̠t͡sɨ̥ᵝsa̠i]

復活 (fukkatsu, “resurrection”) + 祭 (sai, “festival”)


寝る

ja-verb

寝(ね)る • (neru) intransitive ichidan (stem 寝(ね) (ne), past 寝(ね)た (neta))

寝る (canonical)
neru (romanization)
寝 (stem)
寝た (past)
寝
ね
ne
寝る
ねる
neru
寝れ
ねれ
nere
寝よ (imperative literary)
寝ろ (colloquial imperative)
ねよ (imperative literary)
ねろ (colloquial imperative)
neyo (imperative literary)
nero (colloquial imperative)
寝られる (passive)
ねられる (passive)
nerareru (passive)
寝させる (causative)
寝さす (causative)
ねさせる (causative)
ねさす (causative)
nesaseru (causative)
nesasu (causative)
寝られる (potential)
寝れる (colloquial potential)
ねられる (potential)
ねれる (colloquial potential)
nerareru (potential)
nereru (colloquial potential)
寝よう (volitional)
ねよう (volitional)
neyō (volitional)
寝ない (negative)
寝ぬ (negative)
寝ん (negative)
ねない (negative)
ねぬ (negative)
ねん (negative)
nenai (negative)
nenu (negative)
nen (negative)
寝ず (continuative negative)
ねず (continuative negative)
nezu (continuative negative)
寝ます (formal)
ねます (formal)
nemasu (formal)
寝た (perfective)
ねた (perfective)
neta (perfective)
寝て (conjunctive)
ねて (conjunctive)
nete (conjunctive)
寝れば (conditional hypothetical)
ねれば (conditional hypothetical)
nereba (conditional hypothetical)

おまえ中井と寝たのか？

2003 April 22, Kenshi Hirokane, “ＳＴＥＰ２ さよならはダンスの後に [Step 2: Only Say Goodbye after the Dance]”, in ヤング島耕作 [Young Shima Kōsaku], volume 1 (fiction), Tōkyō: Kōdansha, page 42

(と～ (と～)) to sleep with, to have sexual intercourse with


挽歌

挽歌 (canonical)
banka (romanization)
ばんか (hiragana historical)


聖金曜日

聖金曜日 (canonical)
seikin'yōbi (romanization)

From 聖 (sei, ‘holy’) + 金曜日 (kin'yōbi, ‘Friday’), probably created as a translation from Romance languages.


暴力

[bo̞ːɾʲo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

暴力で言うことを聞かせる。


復活

ja-noun

復(ふっ)活(かつ) • (fukkatsu) ^(←ふくくわつ (fukukwatu)?)

復活 (canonical)
fukkatsu (romanization)
fukukwatu (romanization)
ふくくわつ (hiragana historical)

[ɸɯ̟̊ᵝk̚ka̠t͡sɨᵝ]


めくら

mekura (romanization)
めくら (hiragana historical)

[me̞kɯ̟ᵝɾa̠]

Compound of 目 (me, “eye”) + 暗 (kura, “darkness”).


言語中枢

言語中枢 (canonical)
gengo chūsū (romanization)

[ɡẽ̞ŋɡo̞ t͡ɕɨᵝːsɨᵝː]

Compound of 言(げん)語(ご) (gengo, “language, speech”) + 中(ちゅう)枢(すう) (chūsū, “center”).


候補者

candidate (a person who is running in an election or who is applying to a position for a job)


雪崩

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of the classical verb 傾る (nadaru), modern 雪崩れる, 傾れる (nadareru, “to slope, descend; of snow, to slide”).
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), borrowed from Chinese 雪崩 (xuěbēng).

an avalanche (large sliding mass of snow and ice), snowslide


号外

ja-noun

号(ごう)外(がい) • (gōgai) ^(←がうぐわい (gaugwai)?)

号外 (canonical)
gōgai (romanization)
gaugwai (romanization)
がうぐわい (hiragana historical)

「号外」「号外」と呼ぶ声。

1927, Kunio Kishida, Tsui ni, “Shiran” bunroku (Sanba)


飛ばす

ja-verb

飛(と)ばす • (tobasu) transitive godan (stem 飛(と)ばし (tobashi), past 飛(と)ばした (tobashita))

飛ばす (canonical)
tobasu (romanization)
飛ばし (stem)
飛ばした (past)
飛ばさ
とばさ
tobasa
飛ばし
とばし
tobashi
飛ばす
とばす
tobasu
飛ばせ
とばせ
tobase
飛ばされる (passive)
とばされる (passive)
tobasareru (passive)
飛ばさせる (causative)
飛ばさす (causative)
とばさせる (causative)
とばさす (causative)
tobasaseru (causative)
tobasasu (causative)
飛ばせる (potential)
とばせる (potential)
tobaseru (potential)
飛ばそう (volitional)
とばそう (volitional)
tobasō (volitional)
飛ばさない (negative)
とばさない (negative)
tobasanai (negative)
飛ばさず (continuative negative)
とばさず (continuative negative)
tobasazu (continuative negative)
飛ばします (formal)
とばします (formal)
tobashimasu (formal)
飛ばした (perfective)
とばした (perfective)
tobashita (perfective)
飛ばして (conjunctive)
とばして (conjunctive)
tobashite (conjunctive)
飛ばせば (conditional hypothetical)
とばせば (conditional hypothetical)
tobaseba (conditional hypothetical)

怪しいページに飛ばされる


眠い

ja-adj

眠(ねむ)い • (nemui) -i (adverbial 眠(ねむ)く (nemuku))

眠い (canonical)
nemui (romanization)
眠く (adverbial)
眠かろ (imperfective stem)
ねむかろ (imperfective stem)
nemukaro (imperfective)
眠く (continuative stem)
ねむく (continuative stem)
nemuku (continuative)
眠い (stem terminative)
ねむい (stem terminative)
nemui (terminative)
眠い (attributive stem)
ねむい (attributive stem)
nemui (attributive)
眠けれ (hypothetical stem)
ねむけれ (hypothetical stem)
nemukere (hypothetical)
眠かれ (imperative stem)
ねむかれ (imperative stem)
nemukare (imperative)
眠くない (informal negative)
ねむくない (informal negative)
nemuku nai (informal negative)
眠かった (informal past)
ねむかった (informal past)
nemukatta (informal past)
眠くなかった (informal negative past)
ねむくなかった (informal negative past)
nemuku nakatta (informal negative past)
眠いです (formal)
ねむいです (formal)
nemui desu (formal)
眠くないです (formal negative)
ねむくないです (formal negative)
nemuku nai desu (formal negative)
眠かったです (formal past)
ねむかったです (formal past)
nemukatta desu (formal past)
眠くなかったです (formal negative past)
ねむくなかったです (formal negative past)
nemuku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
眠くて (conjunctive)
ねむくて (conjunctive)
nemukute (conjunctive)
眠ければ (conditional)
ねむければ (conditional)
nemukereba (conditional)
眠かったら (conditional past)
ねむかったら (conditional past)
nemukattara (conditional past)
眠かろう (volitional)
ねむかろう (volitional)
nemukarō (volitional)
眠く (adverbial)
ねむく (adverbial)
nemuku (adverbial)
眠さ (noun-from-adj)
ねむさ (noun-from-adj)
nemusa (noun-from-adj)

眠くなる

眠そうな目で見る

「だってあたし眠くないの」


聖霊降臨

聖霊降臨 (canonical)
Seirei Kōrin (romanization)


場所

→ Chinese: 場所／场所 (chǎngsuǒ)

→ Korean: 장소 (jangso)

→ Palauan: basio


投票

投票する (canonical)
tōhyō suru (romanization)
toufeu (romanization)
投票し (stem)
投票した (past)
投票し
とうひょうし
tōhyō shi
投票する
とうひょうする
tōhyō suru
投票すれ
とうひょうすれ
tōhyō sure
投票せよ (imperative literary)
投票しろ (colloquial imperative)
とうひょうせよ (imperative literary)
とうひょうしろ (colloquial imperative)
tōhyō seyo (imperative literary)
tōhyō shiro (colloquial imperative)
投票される (passive)
とうひょうされる (passive)
tōhyō sareru (passive)
投票させる (causative)
投票さす (causative)
とうひょうさせる (causative)
とうひょうさす (causative)
tōhyō saseru (causative)
tōhyō sasu (causative)
投票できる (potential)
とうひょうできる (potential)
tōhyō dekiru (potential)
投票しよう (volitional)
とうひょうしよう (volitional)
tōhyō shiyō (volitional)
投票しない (negative)
とうひょうしない (negative)
tōhyō shinai (negative)
投票せず (continuative negative)
とうひょうせず (continuative negative)
tōhyō sezu (continuative negative)
投票します (formal)
とうひょうします (formal)
tōhyō shimasu (formal)
投票した (perfective)
とうひょうした (perfective)
tōhyō shita (perfective)
投票して (conjunctive)
とうひょうして (conjunctive)
tōhyō shite (conjunctive)
投票すれば (conditional hypothetical)
とうひょうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
tōhyō sureba (conditional hypothetical)

/touheu/: *[toupeu] > [touɸeu] > [toːɸyoː] > [toːhyoː].


けんし

拳士, 健史, 玄師, 研之, 憲史, 健士, 健嗣: a male given name


睡眠

睡眠不足

睡眠不足 すいみんぶそく


国法

ja-noun

国(こく)法(ほう) • (kokuhō) ^(←こくはふ (kokufafu)?)

国法 (canonical)
kokuhō (romanization)
kokufafu (romanization)
こくはふ (hiragana historical)

constitution (a document that is the legal foundation of a country)


剣術

剣(けん)術(じゅつ) • (kenjutsu) ^(←けんじゆつ (kenzyutu)?)

剣術 (canonical)
kenjutsu (romanization)
kenzyutu (romanization)
けんじゆつ (hiragana historical)

[kẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

Appears to be a coinage in Japanese based on Middle Chinese-derived elements, as a compound of 剣 (ken, “sword”) + 術 (jutsu, “technique”). First cited to a text from 1577.

compound

外敵に備えて軍事力の強化講武所には剣術、槍術、砲術、弓術の四科があり、...

2010 October 1, “講武所剣術師範役 (Kōbusho Kenjutsu Shihan Yaku, “Office of Military School Kenjutsu Teachers”)”, in お江戸の役人 面白なんでも事典 (O-Edo no Yakunin: Omoshiro Nandemo Jiten, “Edo Government Officials: Everything Interesting Dictionary”), PHP研究所 (PHP Kenkyūsho, “PHP Institute, Inc.”), page 94

In the military schools for bolstering military power against external enemies, there were the four main subjects of swordsmanship, spearmanship, gunnery, and bowmanship...

Gaiteki ni sonaete gunjiryoku no kyōka kōbusho ni wa kenjutsu, sōjutsu, hōjutsu, kyūjutsu no shika ga ari,


軍港

[ɡɯ̟̃ᵝŋko̞ː]


死語

From 死 (shi, “death, dead”) + 語 (go, “language”).
The first sense is a calque of English dead language.

com

(linguistics) a dead language (language that no longer has native speakers)

(lexicography) an obsolete word, paleologism


来週

ja-noun

来(らい)週(しゅう) • (raishū) ^(←らいしう (raisiu)?)

来週 (canonical)
raishū (romanization)
raisiu (romanization)
らいしう (hiragana historical)

From 来 (rai-, “coming..., next...”) + 週 (shũ, “week”).

prefix

来週月曜日に会いましょう。 ― ^raishū getsuyōbi ni aimashō. ― Let’s meet Monday next week. / Let’s meet this coming [week on] Monday.


語源

語源俗界

語源俗界 ごげんぞっかい


大帝

大 (tai-, “great; grand”) + 帝 (tei, “emperor”)

pre

明治大帝

カール/チャールズ大帝

ピョートル大帝

ロムルス大帝

(monarchy) a "great emperor" (used in the titles of some monarchs, and also as a translation of English "the Great")


国教

ja-noun

国(こっ)教(きょう) • (kokkyō) ^(←こくけう (kokukeu)?)

国教 (canonical)
kokkyō (romanization)
kokukeu (romanization)
こくけう (hiragana historical)


半濁音

半濁音 (canonical)
handakuon (romanization)

[hã̠nda̠kɯ̟ᵝõ̞ɴ]

半濁音とは、本音を半濁りて呼ぶものにて、子音の中、波行の五音のみに限れり。この音を示すには、本音の假字の肩に、圈點一個を加ふ。卽ち、左の如し。

1893 March, 宗司 大宮, “第三章 濁音 半濁音及その文字 [Chapter 3: Muddy Sounds, Semi-Muddy Sounds and How to Write Them]”, in 日本辭林 [A Japanese Dictionary], Tokyo: Hakubunkan, page 11

Semi-muddy sounds are the five base child sounds of, specifically, the ha-row, being partially muddied up when they are pronounced. To note these sounds, a circle is added on the shoulders of the kana for the base sounds, as shown on the left.

Handakuon to wa, hon’on o hannigorite yobu mono nite, shion no naka, hagyō no goon nomi ni kagireri. Kono on o shimesu ni wa, hon’on no kana no kata ni, kenten ikko o kuwau. Sunawachi, hidari no gotoshi.

濁音がある故に、之に對して淸音をも作らねばならず、半濁音（次淸音）と云ふものもあることになる。
ぱ ぴ ぷ ぺ ぽ
の一行五音の半濁音（一名次淸音）として、アカサタナハマヤラワ十行五十音が淸音と云はれて居る。
Dakuon ga aru yue ni, kore ni taishite seion o mo tsukarane ba narazu, handakuon (jiseion) to iu mono mo aru koto ni naru.
pa pi pu pe po
no ichigyō goon no handakuon (ichimei jiseion) to shite, a ka sa ta na ha ma ya ra wa jūgyō gojūon ga seion to iwarete iru.
Since there are muddy sounds, it follows that there must also be the opposite, ‘clear sounds’, and additionally what are known as ‘semi-muddy sounds’ (‘quasi-clear sounds’). These five sounds, arranged in one row, are known as ‘semi-muddy sounds’ (i.e. ‘quasi-clear sounds’):

1902, Hirano, Hidekichi, “第十九章 淸音濁音半濁音 [Chapter 19: Clear Sounds, Muddy Sounds and Semi-Muddy Sounds]”, in 國語聲音學 [The Phonetics of the National Language], 國光社, page 152

Then, the fifty sounds arranged in ten rows, a, ka, sa, ta, na, ha, ma, ya, ra and wa, are called ‘clear sounds’.

半濁音は、假字の右肩に一箇の圈點（゜）を附して、半濁音の符となす、次ぎの例を見る可し、
handakuon wa, kana no migikata ni ikko no kenten (゜) o fushite, handakuon no fu to nasu, tsugi no rei o miru beshi,
A ‘semi-muddy sound’ is noted by attaching a circle (゜) to the right shoulder of a kana, as seen in the following examples,

1905 June, 黃山 片岡, “半濁音の符 [Noting Semi-Muddy Sounds]”, in 黃山著作集, Saitama: Suharaya, page 26

(traditional Japanese phonology) a mora of the ぱ行 (pagyō, “pa-row”), with the onset obstruent /p/


国防

国(こく)防(ぼう) • (kokubō) ^(←こくばう (kokubau)?)

国防 (canonical)
kokubō (romanization)
kokubau (romanization)
こくばう (hiragana historical)


楊梅

Morella rubra
Morella rubra#Translingual

Myrica rubra (⇒ Morella rubra); yangmei, Japanese bayberry; Chinese bayberry


戦争

戦争 (canonical)
sensō (romanization)
sensau (romanization)
せんさう (hiragana historical)

ja:戦争
ja:戦争 (トランプゲーム)


死刑

極刑:

severest punishment; i.e. capital punishment


進化論

進化論 (canonical)
shinkaron (romanization)


濁音

[da̠kɯ̟ᵝõ̞ɴ]

Literary Chinese 濁音 (zhuóyīn, literally “muddy sound”)

der

(traditional Chinese phonology) a voiced onset obstruent

五十音の外に、また、一種の熟音あり。これを濁音、及び、半濁音といふ。濁音とは、本音を濁りて呼ぶものにて、子音の中、加、佐、多、波、の四行の諸音をいふ。この音を示すには別に、その文字なく、本音の假字の肩に、二個の小點を加ふ。卽ち、左の如し。

1893 March, 宗司 大宮, “第三章 濁音 半濁音及その文字 [Chapter 3: Muddy Sounds, Semi-Muddy Sounds and How to Write Them]”, in 日本辭林 [A Japanese Dictionary], Tokyo: Hakubunkan, page 10

Outside the fifty sounds, there is yet another class of complex sounds. These are called ‘muddy sounds’ and ‘semi-muddy sounds’. Muddy sounds are the base child sounds of the four rows ka, sa, ta and ha, being muddied up when they are pronounced. There are no letters to specifically note these sounds, so two small dots are added on the shoulders of the kana for the base sounds, as shown on the left.

Gojūon no soto ni, mata, isshu no jukuon ari. Kore o dakuon, oyobi, handakuon to iu. Dakuon to wa, hon’on o nigorite yobu mono nite, shion no naka, ka, sa, ta, ha, no shigyō no shoon o iu. Kono on o shimesu ni wa betsu ni, sono moji naku, hon’on no kana no kata ni, niko no shōten o kuwau. Sunawachi, hidari no gotoshi.

舊來の音韻では濁音といふものがあって、
が ぎ ぐ げ ご
ざ じ ず ぜ ぞ
だ ぢ づ で ど
ば び ぶ べ ぼ
の四行二十音を之に充てゝ居る。
Kyūrai no on’in de wa dakuon to iu mono ga atte,
ga gi gu ge go
za ji zu ze zo
da ji zu de do
ba bi bu be bo
no shigyō nijūon o kore ni atete iru.
In traditional phonology, ‘muddy sounds’ are the twenty sounds arranged in four rows as follows:
ga gi gu ge go
za ji zu ze zo
da ji zu de do

1902, Hirano, Hidekichi, “第十九章 淸音濁音半濁音 [Chapter 19: Clear Sounds, Muddy Sounds and Semi-Muddy Sounds]”, in 國語聲音學 [The Phonetics of the National Language], 國光社, page 151

濁音は假字の右肩に二箇の點（゛）を附して濁音符とおす、次ぎの例を見るべし、
Dakuon wa kana no migikata ni niko no ten (゛) o fushite dakuonpu to osu, tsugi no rei o miru beshi,
A ‘muddy sound’ is noted by attaching two dots (゛) to the right shoulder of a kana, as seen in the following examples,

1905 June, 黃山 片岡, “濁音の符 [Noting Muddy Sounds]”, in 黃山著作集, Saitama: Suharaya, page 22

(traditional Japanese phonology) a mora with a voiced onset obstruent


哲学

[te̞t͡sɨᵝɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

哲 (tetsu, “clear, wise, sage”) + 学 (gaku, “study”). Coined by Nishi Amane in his 1874 百一新論 as a translation of English philosophy.


口吻

口吻 (canonical)
kōfun (romanization)
koufun (romanization)
こうふん (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ːɸɯ̟̃ᵝɴ]

チョウの口吻


借地

ja-noun

借(しゃく)地(ち) or 借(かり)地(ち) • (shakuchi or karichi)

借地 (canonical)
借地 (canonical)
shakuchi (romanization)
karichi (romanization)


皇帝

皇(こう)帝(てい) • (kōtei) ^(←くわうてい (kwautei)?)

皇帝 (canonical)
kōtei (romanization)
kwautei (romanization)
くわうてい (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 皇帝 (ɦwɑŋ teiᴴ). See also 三皇五帝 (Sankō Gotei) and 始皇帝 (Shikōtei).

則天大聖皇帝
Sokuten Taisei Kōtei
Great Sage Empress Zetian


メタン

Borrowed from German Methan. Listed as a borrowing from English methane by some sources, but this seems less likely considering the phonology.
First cited to a text from 1914.

メタン系炭化水素

系炭化水素 けいたんかすいそ


大王

大王 (canonical)
daiō (romanization)
daiwau (romanization)
だいわう (hiragana historical)

大 (dai-, “great”) + 王 (ō, “king”), from Chinese 大王

アレクサンドロス大王

クラブのＫはマケドニアのアレクサンダー大王

2001 March 10 [1998 December 16], Motohiro Katou, “ミネルヴァの梟 [Owl of Minerva]”, in Ｑ.Ｅ.Ｄ. 証明終了 (Ｑ.Ｅ.Ｄ. 証明終了) [Q.E.D. Quod Erat Demonstrandum], 9th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, page 102

The king of clubs is Alexander the Great of Macedonia

Kurabu no kingu wa Makedonia no Arekusandā Daiō

(monarchy) a "great king" (used in the titles of or as the term of address for some kings, and also as a translation of English "the Great")

(monarchy) a "great prince" (used in the titles of some ruling princes)


無神論

無神論 (canonical)
mushinron (romanization)

[mɯ̟ᵝɕĩnɾõ̞ɴ]

無 (mu-, “un-; -less”) + 神 (shin, “god”) + 論 (-ron, “theory”)

af

無神論は東欧によく広がっています。

Atheism is spreading well on Eastern Europe.

mushinron wa Tōō ni yoku hirogatteimasu.


潜水艦

潜水艦 (canonical)
sensuikan (romanization)

[sẽ̞ɰ̃sɨᵝikã̠ɴ]


正則

正則行列

正則数

(mathematics) regularity; making regular sequences or finite fractions


太い

ja-adj

太(ふと)い • (futoi) -i (adverbial 太(ふと)く (futoku))

太い (canonical)
futoi (romanization)
太く (adverbial)
太かろ (imperfective stem)
ふとかろ (imperfective stem)
futokaro (imperfective)
太く (continuative stem)
ふとく (continuative stem)
futoku (continuative)
太い (stem terminative)
ふとい (stem terminative)
futoi (terminative)
太い (attributive stem)
ふとい (attributive stem)
futoi (attributive)
太けれ (hypothetical stem)
ふとけれ (hypothetical stem)
futokere (hypothetical)
太かれ (imperative stem)
ふとかれ (imperative stem)
futokare (imperative)
太くない (informal negative)
ふとくない (informal negative)
futoku nai (informal negative)
太かった (informal past)
ふとかった (informal past)
futokatta (informal past)
太くなかった (informal negative past)
ふとくなかった (informal negative past)
futoku nakatta (informal negative past)
太いです (formal)
ふといです (formal)
futoi desu (formal)
太くないです (formal negative)
ふとくないです (formal negative)
futoku nai desu (formal negative)
太かったです (formal past)
ふとかったです (formal past)
futokatta desu (formal past)
太くなかったです (formal negative past)
ふとくなかったです (formal negative past)
futoku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
太くて (conjunctive)
ふとくて (conjunctive)
futokute (conjunctive)
太ければ (conditional)
ふとければ (conditional)
futokereba (conditional)
太かったら (conditional past)
ふとかったら (conditional past)
futokattara (conditional past)
太かろう (volitional)
ふとかろう (volitional)
futokarō (volitional)
太く (adverbial)
ふとく (adverbial)
futoku (adverbial)
太さ (noun-from-adj)
ふとさ (noun-from-adj)
futosa (noun-from-adj)

large (of size):
(archery) wide distance of a bow


カルボン酸

カルボン酸 (canonical)
karubon-san (romanization)

[ka̠ɾɯ̟ᵝbõ̞ɰ̃sã̠ɴ]


日中

[ɲ̟it̚t͡ɕɨᵝː]

From Sinitic 日中. Date of borrowing unknown.


サラリーマン

→ English: salaryman

→ Korean: 샐러리맨 (saelleorimaen)

[sa̠ɾa̠ɾʲiːmã̠ɴ]

First cited to 1924.
Although often described as wasei eigo (和製英語), this appears to derive from English phrase salaried man, which appears in print at least as early as 1828.
The resulting Japanese term was then re-imported into English.
Analyzable as サラリー (sararī) + マン (-man).

Daijisen
Salaryman
ja:サラリーマン
ja:松村明
wasei eigo


病原体

ja-noun

病(びょう)原(げん)体(たい) • (byōgentai) ^(←びやうげんたい (byaugentai)?)

病原体 (canonical)
byōgentai (romanization)
byaugentai (romanization)
びやうげんたい (hiragana historical)

病原 (byōgen, “causal agent”) + 体 (tai, “body”)


八角形

八角形 (canonical)
hachikakukei (romanization)
はちかっけい (alternative hiragana)
hachikakkei (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)
はっかくけい (alternative hiragana)
hakkakukei (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)
はっかっけい (alternative hiragana)
hakkakkei (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)


疱疹

ja-noun

疱(ほう)疹(しん) • (hōshin) ^(←はうしん (fausin)?)

疱疹 (canonical)
hōshin (romanization)
fausin (romanization)
はうしん (hiragana historical)


淋病

淋(りん)病(びょう) • (rinbyō) ^(←りんびやう (rinbyau)?)

淋病 (canonical)
rinbyō (romanization)
rinbyau (romanization)
りんびやう (hiragana historical)


肝炎

肝(かん) (kan, “liver”) + 炎(えん) (en, “-itis”).


唐手

Orthographic borrowing from Okinawan 唐手(とーでぃー) (tōdī), compound of 唐 (kara, “Tang Dynasty; China”) + 手 (te, “hand”), as the art was originally transmitted from China to Okinawa, and thence to mainland Japan.

ryu-r

唐手(とーでぃー) (tōdī)


大師

(Buddhism, formal) Great teacher; great or silent master.


聖誕節

聖誕節 (canonical)
Seitansetsu (romanization)

クリスマス クリスマス#Japanese

Synonym of クリスマス (Kurisumasu, “Christmas”) (Christian holiday)


ホームページ

ja-noun

ホームページ • (hōmu pēji)

[ho̞ːmɯ̟ᵝ pe̞ːʑi]

File:2013 Marlboro Ice Blast open.jpg
詳細については、厚生労働省のホーム・ページをご参照ください。
Shosai ni tsuite wa, Kōsei-rōdō-shō no hōmu pēji o go-sanshō kudasai.
For details, please see the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare's home page.


傍点

傍点 (canonical)
bōten (romanization)
bauten (romanization)
ばうてん (hiragana historical)

傍 (“side”) + 点 (“dot”), because emphasis dots are placed to the right side of vertical text


幹細胞

幹(かん)細(さい)胞(ぼう) • (kansaibō) ^(←かんさいばう (kansaibau)?)

幹細胞 (canonical)
kansaibō (romanization)
kansaibau (romanization)
かんさいばう (hiragana historical)


時代

南北朝時代

period of the northern and southern dynasties

魏晋南北朝時代

Wei, Jin, Southern, Northern Dynasties period

徳川政府の時代じゃあるまいし」と云った。

1907, 夏目漱石, 野分

"This isn't the Tokugawa era, after all" he said.

Tokugawa seifu no jidai ja aru mai shi” to itta.

徳川政府 とくがわせいふ

これも時代のせいだろう。

1909, 夏目漱石, 永日小品

It's another example of the times we live in.

青年は情の時代だ。

1908, 夏目漱石, 坑夫

Youth is a passionate time in one's life.

a time in one's life, one's days (in college etc.)


轟音

轟音 (canonical)
gōon (romanization)
gauon (romanization)
がうおん (hiragana historical)


血液型占い

血液型占(けつえきがたうらな)い • (ketsuekigata uranai) ^(←けつえきがたうらなひ (ketuekigata uranafi)?)

血液型占い (canonical)
ketsuekigata uranai (romanization)
ketuekigata uranafi (romanization)
けつえきがたうらなひ (hiragana historical)


はなよめ

From 花 (hana, “flower”) + 嫁 (yome, “bride”).

花嫁介添人

花嫁介添人 はなよめかいぞえにん

花嫁学校

花嫁学校 はなよめがっこう

写真花嫁

写真花嫁 しゃしんはなよめ


京劇

京(きょう)劇(げき) • (kyōgeki) ^(←きやうげき (kyaugeki)?)

京劇 (canonical)
kyōgeki (romanization)
kyaugeki (romanization)
きやうげき (hiragana historical)


怖い

ja-adj

怖(こわ)い • (kowai) ^(←こはい (kofai)?)-i (adverbial 怖(こわ)く (kowaku))

怖い (canonical)
kowai (romanization)
kofai (romanization)
怖く (adverbial)
怖かろ (imperfective stem)
こわかろ (imperfective stem)
kowakaro (imperfective)
怖く (continuative stem)
こわく (continuative stem)
kowaku (continuative)
怖い (stem terminative)
こわい (stem terminative)
kowai (terminative)
怖い (attributive stem)
こわい (attributive stem)
kowai (attributive)
怖けれ (hypothetical stem)
こわけれ (hypothetical stem)
kowakere (hypothetical)
怖かれ (imperative stem)
こわかれ (imperative stem)
kowakare (imperative)
怖くない (informal negative)
こわくない (informal negative)
kowaku nai (informal negative)
怖かった (informal past)
こわかった (informal past)
kowakatta (informal past)
怖くなかった (informal negative past)
こわくなかった (informal negative past)
kowaku nakatta (informal negative past)
怖いです (formal)
こわいです (formal)
kowai desu (formal)
怖くないです (formal negative)
こわくないです (formal negative)
kowaku nai desu (formal negative)
怖かったです (formal past)
こわかったです (formal past)
kowakatta desu (formal past)
怖くなかったです (formal negative past)
こわくなかったです (formal negative past)
kowaku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
怖くて (conjunctive)
こわくて (conjunctive)
kowakute (conjunctive)
怖ければ (conditional)
こわければ (conditional)
kowakereba (conditional)
怖かったら (conditional past)
こわかったら (conditional past)
kowakattara (conditional past)
怖かろう (volitional)
こわかろう (volitional)
kowakarō (volitional)
怖く (adverbial)
こわく (adverbial)
kowaku (adverbial)
怖さ (noun-from-adj)
こわさ (noun-from-adj)
kowasa (noun-from-adj)

Semantic shift from Classical Japanese 強し (kofashi, “stiff; strong; tough”), modern 強い (kowai). A folk etymology from the Ehon Hyaku Monogatari derives it from 狐者異 (kowai, literally “ghost of a glutton”).

幽霊は怖い。

あとが怖い

どうした 怖いのか？

2015, バットマン アーカム・ナイト [Batman: Arkham Knight], spoken by Batman (Shinshū Fuji), Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, via Rocksteady Studios

習慣とは怖いものだ。
Shūkan to wa kowai mono da.
Habits can be scary.


舞う

ja-verb

舞(ま)う • (mau) ^(←まふ (mafu)?)intransitive godan (stem 舞(ま)い (mai), past 舞(ま)った (matta))

舞う (canonical)
mau (romanization)
mafu (romanization)
舞い (stem)
舞った (past)
舞わ
まわ
mawa
舞い
まい
mai
舞う
まう
mau
舞え
まえ
mae
舞われる (passive)
まわれる (passive)
mawareru (passive)
舞わせる (causative)
舞わす (causative)
まわせる (causative)
まわす (causative)
mawaseru (causative)
mawasu (causative)
舞える (potential)
まえる (potential)
maeru (potential)
舞おう (volitional)
まおう (volitional)
maō (volitional)
舞わない (negative)
まわない (negative)
mawanai (negative)
舞わず (continuative negative)
まわず (continuative negative)
mawazu (continuative negative)
舞います (formal)
まいます (formal)
maimasu (formal)
舞った (perfective)
まった (perfective)
matta (perfective)
舞って (conjunctive)
まって (conjunctive)
matte (conjunctive)
舞えば (conditional hypothetical)
まえば (conditional hypothetical)
maeba (conditional hypothetical)


恋する

恋(こい)する • (koisuru) ^(←こひする (kofisuru)?)transitive suru (stem 恋(こい)し (koishi), past 恋(こい)した (koishita))

恋する (canonical)
koisuru (romanization)
kofisuru (romanization)
恋し (stem)
恋した (past)
恋さ
恋し
こいさ
こいし
koisa
koishi
恋する
こいする
koisuru
恋すれ
こいすれ
koisure
恋せ
恋しろ
恋せよ
こいせ
こいしろ
こいせよ
koise
koishiro
koiseyo
恋される (passive)
こいされる (passive)
koisareru (passive)
恋させる (causative)
恋さす (causative)
こいさせる (causative)
こいさす (causative)
koisaseru (causative)
koisasu (causative)
恋せる (potential)
こいせる (potential)
koiseru (potential)
恋そう (volitional)
恋しよう (volitional)
こいそう (volitional)
こいしよう (volitional)
koisō (volitional)
koishiyō (volitional)
恋さない (negative)
恋しない (negative)
こいさない (negative)
こいしない (negative)
koisanai (negative)
koishinai (negative)
恋さず (continuative negative)
こいさず (continuative negative)
koisazu (continuative negative)
恋します (formal)
こいします (formal)
koishimasu (formal)
恋した (perfective)
こいした (perfective)
koishita (perfective)
恋して (conjunctive)
こいして (conjunctive)
koishite (conjunctive)
恋すれば (conditional hypothetical)
恋せば (conditional hypothetical)
こいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
こいせば (conditional hypothetical)
koisureba (conditional hypothetical)
koiseba (conditional hypothetical)

[ko̞isɨᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]

命短し、恋せよ乙女

Life is short; fall in love, young woman.

「妹のことなんだけど、どうも君に恋しているらしい」

"It's about my sister, she seems to be in love with you."

“Imōto no koto na n da kedo, dōmo kimi ni koishite iru rashii”


利益

[ɾʲija̠kɯ̟ᵝ]


実在論

実在論 (canonical)
jitsuzairon (romanization)

[d͡ʑit͡sɨᵝza̠iɾõ̞ɴ]

Compound of 実在 (jitsuzai, “actual existence, reality”) + 論 (ron, “theory, philosophy, argument”).


薬缶

ja-noun

薬(や)缶(かん) or 薬(やっ)缶(かん) • (yakan or yakkan) ^(←やくわん (yakwan)?)

薬缶 (canonical)
薬 (やっ)缶 (canonical)
yakan (romanization)
yakkan (romanization)
yakwan (romanization)
やくわん (hiragana historical)

a kettle (vessel for boiling a liquid or cooking food)


叩く

ja-verb

叩(たた)く • (tataku) transitive godan (stem 叩(たた)き (tataki), past 叩(たた)いた (tataita))

叩く (canonical)
tataku (romanization)
叩き (stem)
叩いた (past)
叩か
たたか
tataka
叩き
たたき
tataki
叩く
たたく
tataku
叩け
たたけ
tatake
叩かれる (passive)
たたかれる (passive)
tatakareru (passive)
叩かせる (causative)
叩かす (causative)
たたかせる (causative)
たたかす (causative)
tatakaseru (causative)
tatakasu (causative)
叩ける (potential)
たたける (potential)
tatakeru (potential)
叩こう (volitional)
たたこう (volitional)
tatakō (volitional)
叩かない (negative)
たたかない (negative)
tatakanai (negative)
叩かず (continuative negative)
たたかず (continuative negative)
tatakazu (continuative negative)
叩きます (formal)
たたきます (formal)
tatakimasu (formal)
叩いた (perfective)
たたいた (perfective)
tataita (perfective)
叩いて (conjunctive)
たたいて (conjunctive)
tataite (conjunctive)
叩けば (conditional hypothetical)
たたけば (conditional hypothetical)
tatakeba (conditional hypothetical)
叩か (irrealis stem)
たたか (irrealis stem)
tataka (irrealis)
叩き (continuative stem)
たたき (continuative stem)
tataki (continuative)
叩く (stem terminative)
たたく (stem terminative)
tataku (terminative)
叩く (attributive stem)
たたく (attributive stem)
tataku (attributive)
叩け (realis stem)
たたけ (realis stem)
tatake (realis)
叩け (imperative stem)
たたけ (imperative stem)
tatake (imperative)
叩かず (negative)
たたかず (negative)
tatakazu (negative)
叩けど (contrastive)
たたけど (contrastive)
tatakedo (contrastive)
叩けば (causative)
たたけば (causative)
tatakeba (causative)
叩かば (conditional)
たたかば (conditional)
tatakaba (conditional)
叩きき (past)
たたきき (past)
tatakiki (past)
叩きけり (past)
たたきけり (past)
tatakikeri (past)
叩きつ (perfect)
たたきつ (perfect)
tatakitu (perfect)
叩きぬ (perfect)
たたきぬ (perfect)
tatakinu (perfect)
叩けり (continuative perfect)
叩きたり (continuative perfect)
たたけり (continuative perfect)
たたきたり (continuative perfect)
tatakeri (continuative perfect)
tatakitari (continuative perfect)
叩かむ (volitional)
たたかむ (volitional)
tatakamu (volitional)

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tataku. Cognate with Okinawan 叩ちゅん (たたちゅん, tatachun).

APIを叩く


略字

ja-noun

略(りゃく)字(じ) • (ryakuji) ^(←りやくじ (ryakuzi)?)

略字 (canonical)
ryakuji (romanization)
ryakuzi (romanization)
りやくじ (hiragana historical)

[ɾʲa̠kɯ̟ᵝʑi]

a colloquial, simplified form of a kanji


散歩

散歩に出た。


送り仮名

送り仮名 (canonical)
okurigana (romanization)

[o̞kɯ̟ᵝɾʲiɡa̠na̠]

Compound of 送り (okuri, “sending”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 送る (okuru, “to send”), from the sense of sending something afterward or adding something on the end) + 仮名 (kana, “kana”, the Japanese syllabary characters). The kana changes to gana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First cited to a text from 1477.

compound

Examples: く (ku) and かべる (kaberu) in 浮く (uk-u, “to float”, intransitive) and 浮かべる (uk-aberu, “to float”, transitive)

Perhaps analogous to -st, -nd in English 1st (first), 2nd (second).

(orthography) okurigana: the kana that records inflectional endings (after the root of a kunyomi is applied to a kanji)


一人

From Old Japanese.
Derived from 一 (hito, “one, 1”) + 人 (-ri, counter for persons).
Compare Old Japanese 一人 (pi₁dari → hidari).

suffix

一人で暮らす

一人カラオケ／ヒトカラ

一人の時間が好きな人


一人

天下は一人の天下にあらず乃ち天下の天下なり

tenka wa ichinin no tenka ni arazu sunawachi tenka no tenka nari

万人心を異にすれば則ち一人の用無し

banjin kokoro o koto ni sureba sunawachi ichinin no yō nashi

両心は以て一人を得べからず一心は以て百人を得べし

ryōshin wa motte ichinin o ubekarazu isshin wa motte hyakunin o ubeshi

一人虚を伝うれば万人実を伝う

ichinin kyo o tsutaureba bannin jitsu o tsutau


一人

Compound of Middle Chinese elements 一 (ichi, “one, 1”, goon reading) + 人 (jin, “person”, kan'on reading).

compound

a ruler with a heavenly mandate, especially the Emperor of Japan


一人

ja-pos

一人(かずと) or 一人(かずひと) or 一人(かずんど) or 一人(くにひと) • (Kazuto or Kazuhito or Kazundo or Kunihito)

一人 (canonical)
一人 (canonical)
一人 (canonical)
一人 (canonical)
Kazuto (romanization)
Kazuhito (romanization)
Kazundo (romanization)
Kunihito (romanization)


ナイター

ja-noun

ナイター • (naitā)


拒絶反応

拒(きょ)絶(ぜつ)反(はん)応(のう) • (kyozetsu hannō) ^(←きよぜつはんおう (kyozetu fan'ou)?)

拒絶反応 (canonical)
kyozetsu hannō (romanization)
kyozetu fan'ou (romanization)
きよぜつはんおう (hiragana historical)

[kʲo̞ze̞t͡sɨᵝ hã̠nːo̞ː]

From 拒(きょ)絶(ぜつ) (kyozetsu, “refusal”) + 反(はん)応(のう) (hannō, “reaction”).


指数

(economics) index - a single number calculated from an array of prices or of quantities.

(mathematics) exponent, power - a product of equal factors. Notation and usage: xⁿ, read as "x to the power of n" or "x to the nth power", denotes x × x × ... × x, in which x appears n times, where n is called the exponent; the definition is extended to non-integer and complex exponents.


サングラス

[sã̠ŋɡɯ̟ᵝɾa̠sɨᵝ]

From English sunglass (attributive of sunglasses).

bor

attributive of <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">sunglasses</i>


顕微鏡

ja-noun

顕(けん)微(び)鏡(きょう) • (kenbikyō) ^(←けんびきやう (kenbikyau)?)

顕微鏡 (canonical)
kenbikyō (romanization)
kenbikyau (romanization)
けんびきやう (hiragana historical)


スリーサイズ

[sɨᵝɾʲiː sa̠izɨᵝ]

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from three + size, equivalent to スリー (surī) + サイズ (saizu).

pseudo-loan

bust/waist/hip measurements; vital statistics


電子顕微鏡

ja-noun

電(でん)子(し)顕(けん)微(び)鏡(きょう) • (denshi kenbikyō) ^(←でんしけんびきやう (densikenbikyau)?)

電子顕微鏡 (canonical)
denshi kenbikyō (romanization)
densikenbikyau (romanization)
でんしけんびきやう (hiragana historical)

[dẽ̞ɰ̃ɕi̥ kẽ̞mbʲikʲo̞ː]

電子 (denshi, “electron”) + 顕微鏡 (kenbikyō, “microscope”)


シャッター

ja-noun

シャッター • (shattā)


スコップ

[sɨ̥ᵝko̞p̚pɯ̟ᵝ]

Borrowed from Dutch schop (“spade, small shovel”).


超電導

(engineering) Alternative spelling of 超伝導


ナプキン

[na̠pɯ̟̊ᵝkʲĩɴ]


トイレットペーパー

トイレットペーパー • (toiretto pēpā)

ソリッドと呼ばれるティッシュの部分 ネイキッドと呼ばれるトイレットペーパーの部分そして……棒です

2011 February 9, Hideaki Sorachi, “第三百三十二訓 工場見学とか正直一つたりとも記憶に残ってねェ [Lesson 332: Honestly, Nobody Remembers a Thing about Field Trips to Factories]”, in 銀魂 (銀魂) [Silver Soul], volume 38 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha

The tissue box bit called ‘solid’, the toilet paper roll bit called ‘naked’, and… the stick

Soriddo to yobareru tisshu no bubun neikiddo to yobareru toiretto pēpā no bubun soshite……bō desu

ja:トイレットペーパー


シャベル

[ɕa̠be̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Daijirin
Daijisen
Japanese Industrial Standards
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:シャベル
ja:松村明


ブランケット

[bɯ̟ᵝɾã̠ŋke̞t̚to̞]

(cooking) a blanquette: a stew of a white meat (such as poultry, lamb, or veal) in which neither the meat nor the sauce is browned


三角関係

三角関係 (canonical)
sankaku kankei (romanization)


虫眼鏡

虫眼鏡 (canonical)
mushi megane (romanization)

Compound of 虫 (mushi, “bug, insect”) + 眼鏡 (megane, “eyeglass[es]”).

com

(slang, sumo) the lowest rank in major-league sumo, so called because the 力士 (rikishi, “sumo wrestler”) names are displayed at the bottom of the 番付 (banzuke, “sumo rankings list or program”) in a small font, requiring the use of a magnifying glass to read easily


赤の他人

赤の他人 (canonical)
aka no tanin (romanization)

Compound of 赤 (aka, “clearly, obviously, completely”, literally “red”) + の (no, possessive marker) + 他人 (tanin, “other person”).
First attested in a 浄瑠璃 (jōruri, “puppet theater”) script from 1702.

compound

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:松村明


幼虫

ja-noun

幼(よう)虫(ちゅう) • (yōchū)

成長したらどんなムシになるか分からない、小さな幼虫。

1999 July 22, “プチモス [Petit Moth]”, in Vol.4, Konami

It is not known what kind of bug this little larva grows into.

Seichō shitara donna mushi ni naru ka wakaranai, chīsana yōchū.

(entomology) nymph (young worms or young insects in aquatic life)


望遠鏡

望(ぼう)遠(えん)鏡(きょう) • (bōenkyō) ^(←ばうゑんきやう (bawenkyau)?)

望遠鏡 (canonical)
bōenkyō (romanization)
bawenkyau (romanization)
ばうゑんきやう (hiragana historical)

[bo̞ːẽ̞ŋʲkʲo̞ː]

望遠 (bōen, “long-distance viewing”) + 鏡 (-kyō, “lens”)

suf

ハッブル宇宙望遠鏡


大人気

From 大 (dai-, “great; greatly”) + 人気 (ninki, “popularity; popular”).


大人気

From 大人 (otona, “adult”) + 気 (-ke, -ge, “air; nature; disposition”).


ひったくり

[çit̚ta̠kɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]


びり

(competition, informal) one who comes in last


明星

ja-noun

明(みょう)星(じょう) • (myōjō) ^(←みやうじやう (myauzyau)?)

明星 (canonical)
myōjō (romanization)
myauzyau (romanization)
みやうじやう (hiragana historical)

→ Portuguese: miojo

/mjauzjau/ → /mjɔːzjɔː/ → /mjoːd͡ʑoː/
From Middle Chinese 明星 (MC mjaeng seng).

(astronomy) a bright star, especially Venus as the morning star or evening star


天狗

desc

→ Chinese: 天狗 (tiāngǒu) (reborrowed for the Japanese sense)

→ English: tengu

→ French: tengu

→ Korean: 텐구 (ten'gu)

→ Russian: тэ́нгу (tɛ́ngu)

Nihon Shoki
Shugendō
Tengu
Tiangou
ja:天狗

From Middle Chinese 天狗 (MC then kuwX, “heaven + dog”). First appears in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).
The Chinese version of tengu (Tiangou) was originally more of a dog-like spirit or falling star. As the term and idea were imported into Japanese, the character became associated with 修験道 (“Shugendō, a kind of syncretism of Buddhist and native Japanese elements”), and the Japanese tengu changed to resemble either a long-nosed 山伏 (yamabushi, “mountain monk”, a practitioner of Shugendō) with bright-red skin, or a crow.

天狗蝙蝠: Murina hilgendorfi

天狗蝙蝠 てんぐこうもり

天狗星

a kind of shooting star, one that includes a loud sound and a bright light

a place on a tree where many small branch grow

a microbial infection of cherry and other trees that causes a cluster of many small branch and knot

様々なことを知っている天狗。神通力が使えるという。

1999 September 23, “カラス天狗 (カラス天狗) [Crow Tengu]”, in Vol.5, Konami

An omniscient tengu. They say it uses divine power.

Samazama na koto o shitte iru tengu. Jintsūriki ga tsukaeru to iu.

(Japanese mythology, Shinto, folklore) a tengu, a mythical Japanese creature, typically birdlike and having a long nose


可愛い子ちゃん

可愛い子ちゃん (canonical)
kawaikochan (romanization)

可愛い (kawaii) + 子 (ko) + ちゃん (-chan, familiar suffix)


食品

[ɕo̞kɯ̟̊ᵝçĩɴ]


ガードマン

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from guard + man


部落民

ja-noun

部(ぶ)落(らく)民(みん) • (burakumin) ^(←ぶらくみん (burakumin)?)

部落民 (canonical)
burakumin (romanization)
ぶらくみん (hiragana historical)

[bɯ̟ᵝɾa̠kɯ̟ᵝmʲĩɴ]

Compound of 部落 (buraku, “hamlet”, a settlement smaller than a village) + 民 (-min, “people”, as belonging to a certain group).

suffix

被差別部落民 被差別部落民#Japanese

burakumin, member of a group of modern-day outcastes discriminated against based on their perceived linkage to Japan's lowest ranks of feudal outcast groups, place of residency or occupations. Often referred to as 被差別部落民 (hisabetsu burakumin, “discriminated burakumin”).

被差別部落民

被差別部落民 ひさべつぶらくみん

穢多

the lowest social caste in Edo-period Japan


撥音

[ha̠t͡sɨᵝõ̞ɴ]

From 撥(はつ) (hatsu, “pick”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).

ja-compound

Coordinate term: 促音

(Japanese phonology and phonetics) a moraic nasal (usually phonologically noted as /N/, variously realized as [m], [n], [ŋ], [ɴ] or a nasalized vowel, bearing one mora as the coda of a syllable)

(Japanese orthography) the kana ん/ン (n) used to spell a moraic nasal


撥音

From 撥(ばち) (bachi, “pick”) + 音(おと) (oto, “sound”).

the sound made when playing an instrument with a pick or a drumstick


右衛門

ja-pos

右(う)衛(え)門(もん) • (Uemon) ^(←うゑもん (wemon)?)

右衛門 (canonical)
Uemon (romanization)
wemon (romanization)
うゑもん (hiragana historical)


右衛門

右衛門 (canonical)
Emon (romanization)
wemon (romanization)
ゑもん (hiragana historical)


炬燵

炬燵 (canonical)
炬燵 (canonical)
kotatsu (romanization)

a kotatsu (knee-high table with an electric foot-warmer)


地蔵

地蔵 (canonical)
Jizō (romanization)
dizau (romanization)
ぢざう (hiragana historical)

/dizau/ → /d͡ʑizɔː/ → /d͡ʑizoː/
Calque of Sanskrit क्षितिगर्भ (Kṣitigarbha, literally “earth womb”).

calque

(Buddhism) Short for 地蔵菩薩 (Jizō Bosatsu): Ksitigarbha, the bodhisattva who looks over children, pregnant women, travelers, and the underworld


組織

Middle Chinese 組織 (t͡suo^X t͡ɕɨk̚, “to weave threads together; to form from smaller components”)

組織犯罪

組織犯罪 そしきはんざい

組織労働者

組織労働者 そしきろうどうしゃ

織物組織

織物組織 おりものそひき

結合組織

結合組織 けつごうそしき

自主防災組織

自主防災組織 じしゅぼうさいそしき

統括組織

統括組織 とうかつそしき

犯罪組織

犯罪組織 はんざいそしき

非政府組織

非政府組織 ひせいふそしき

分裂組織

分裂組織 ぶんれつそしき

(biology) tissue (a group of similar cells that function together to do a specific job)


虚脱状態

虚脱状態 (canonical)
kyodatsujōtai (romanization)


アニメーション

[a̠ɲ̟ime̞ːɕõ̞ɴ]

From English animation, from Latin animātiō, from animāre.


已然形

(grammar) a verbal inflectional category; the realis form as used in classical Japanese, which indicates that something is already the case, or in the process of happening. This form has evolved into the conditional form in modern Japanese without phonemic change.


全国人民代表大会

ja-pos

ぜんこく じんみん だいひょう たいかい

全(ぜん)国(こく)人(じん)民(みん)代(だい)表(ひょう)大(たい)会(かい) • (Zenkoku Jinmin Daihyō Taikai)

全国人民代表大会 (canonical)
Zenkoku Jinmin Daihyō Taikai (romanization)


払う

ja-verb

払(はら)う • (harau) ^(←はらふ (farafu)?)transitive godan (stem 払(はら)い (harai), past 払(はら)った (haratta))

払う (canonical)
harau (romanization)
farafu (romanization)
払い (stem)
払った (past)
払わ
はらわ
harawa
払い
はらい
harai
払う
はらう
harau
払え
はらえ
harae
払われる (passive)
はらわれる (passive)
harawareru (passive)
払わせる (causative)
払わす (causative)
はらわせる (causative)
はらわす (causative)
harawaseru (causative)
harawasu (causative)
払える (potential)
はらえる (potential)
haraeru (potential)
払おう (volitional)
はらおう (volitional)
haraō (volitional)
払わない (negative)
はらわない (negative)
harawanai (negative)
払わず (continuative negative)
はらわず (continuative negative)
harawazu (continuative negative)
払います (formal)
はらいます (formal)
haraimasu (formal)
払った (perfective)
はらった (perfective)
haratta (perfective)
払って (conjunctive)
はらって (conjunctive)
haratte (conjunctive)
払えば (conditional hypothetical)
はらえば (conditional hypothetical)
haraeba (conditional hypothetical)
払は (irrealis stem)
はらは (irrealis stem)
farafa (irrealis)
払ひ (continuative stem)
はらひ (continuative stem)
farafi (continuative)
払ふ (stem terminative)
はらふ (stem terminative)
farafu (terminative)
払ふ (attributive stem)
はらふ (attributive stem)
farafu (attributive)
払へ (realis stem)
はらへ (realis stem)
farafe (realis)
払へ (imperative stem)
はらへ (imperative stem)
farafe (imperative)
払はず (negative)
はらはず (negative)
farafazu (negative)
払へど (contrastive)
はらへど (contrastive)
farafedo (contrastive)
払へば (causative)
はらへば (causative)
farafeba (causative)
払はば (conditional)
はらはば (conditional)
farafaba (conditional)
払ひき (past)
はらひき (past)
farafiki (past)
払ひけり (past)
はらひけり (past)
farafikeri (past)
払ひつ (perfect)
はらひつ (perfect)
farafitu (perfect)
払ひぬ (perfect)
はらひぬ (perfect)
farafinu (perfect)
払へり (continuative perfect)
払ひたり (continuative perfect)
はらへり (continuative perfect)
はらひたり (continuative perfect)
faraferi (continuative perfect)
farafitari (continuative perfect)
払はむ (volitional)
はらはむ (volitional)
farafamu (volitional)

Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki
man'yōgana

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE, with the phonetic man'yōgana spelling 波羅賦.

Coordinate term: 止める

(calligraphy) to write as a sweeping stroke to the bottom right (㇏)


初心

From 初 (sho, “beginning stages”) + 心 (shin, “heart”).

(Buddhism) open, eager attitude to learning, as if one is a beginner


アベックホームラン

From French avec (“with; accompanying”) + English home run.


梓弓

ja-noun

梓(あずさ)弓(ゆみ) • (azusa yumi) ^(←あづさゆみ (adusayumi)?)

梓弓 (canonical)
azusa yumi (romanization)
adusayumi (romanization)
あづさゆみ (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese.
From 梓 (azusa, “Japanese cherry birch (Betula grossa)”) + 弓 (yumi, “bow”).

com

a small musical bow used by 梓巫女 (azusa miko) to summon spirits


浴びせる

ja-verb

浴(あ)びせる • (abiseru) transitive ichidan (stem 浴(あ)びせ (abise), past 浴(あ)びせた (abiseta))

浴びせる (canonical)
abiseru (romanization)
浴びせ (stem)
浴びせた (past)
浴びせ
あびせ
abise
浴びせる
あびせる
abiseru
浴びせれ
あびせれ
abisere
浴びせよ (imperative literary)
浴びせろ (colloquial imperative)
あびせよ (imperative literary)
あびせろ (colloquial imperative)
abiseyo (imperative literary)
abisero (colloquial imperative)
浴びせられる (passive)
あびせられる (passive)
abiserareru (passive)
浴びせさせる (causative)
浴びせさす (causative)
あびせさせる (causative)
あびせさす (causative)
abisesaseru (causative)
abisesasu (causative)
浴びせられる (potential)
浴びせれる (colloquial potential)
あびせられる (potential)
あびせれる (colloquial potential)
abiserareru (potential)
abisereru (colloquial potential)
浴びせよう (volitional)
あびせよう (volitional)
abiseyō (volitional)
浴びせない (negative)
浴びせぬ (negative)
浴びせん (negative)
あびせない (negative)
あびせぬ (negative)
あびせん (negative)
abisenai (negative)
abisenu (negative)
abisen (negative)
浴びせず (continuative negative)
あびせず (continuative negative)
abisezu (continuative negative)
浴びせます (formal)
あびせます (formal)
abisemasu (formal)
浴びせた (perfective)
あびせた (perfective)
abiseta (perfective)
浴びせて (conjunctive)
あびせて (conjunctive)
abisete (conjunctive)
浴びせれば (conditional hypothetical)
あびせれば (conditional hypothetical)
abisereba (conditional hypothetical)

[a̠bʲise̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

/abusu/ → /abusuru/ → /abisuru/ → /abiseru/
From classical verb 浴びす (abisu), itself from older 浴ぶす (abusu), ultimately from Old Japanese 浴むす (amusu).
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

(sumo) to put one’s body onto (an opponent)


暗殺者

暗殺者 (canonical)
ansatsusha (romanization)

From 暗殺(あんさつ) (ansatsu, “assassination”) + 者(しゃ) (-sha, “-er”).

com-ja

暗殺者に仕立てられた


炙る

ja-verb

炙(あぶ)る • (aburu) transitive godan (stem 炙(あぶ)り (aburi), past 炙(あぶ)った (abutta))

炙る (canonical)
aburu (romanization)
炙り (stem)
炙った (past)
炙ら
あぶら
abura
炙り
あぶり
aburi
炙る
あぶる
aburu
炙れ
あぶれ
abure
炙られる (passive)
あぶられる (passive)
aburareru (passive)
炙らせる (causative)
炙らす (causative)
あぶらせる (causative)
あぶらす (causative)
aburaseru (causative)
aburasu (causative)
炙れる (potential)
あぶれる (potential)
abureru (potential)
炙ろう (volitional)
あぶろう (volitional)
aburō (volitional)
炙らない (negative)
あぶらない (negative)
aburanai (negative)
炙らず (continuative negative)
あぶらず (continuative negative)
aburazu (continuative negative)
炙ります (formal)
あぶります (formal)
aburimasu (formal)
炙った (perfective)
あぶった (perfective)
abutta (perfective)
炙って (conjunctive)
あぶって (conjunctive)
abutte (conjunctive)
炙れば (conditional hypothetical)
あぶれば (conditional hypothetical)
abureba (conditional hypothetical)

[a̠bɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]


肋骨

Compound of 肋 (abara, “rib”) + 骨 (hone, “bone”). The hone changes to bone as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


肋骨

ja-noun

肋(ろっ)骨(こつ) • (rokkotsu) ^(←ろくこつ (rokukotu)?)

肋骨 (canonical)
rokkotsu (romanization)
rokukotu (romanization)
ろくこつ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 肋 (roku, “rib”) + 骨 (kotsu, “bone”).


サッカー

サッカー • (sakkā)

日本サッカー協会

Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:サッカー
ja:松村明


羯磨

*/kɨatɨ mʷa/ → /katuma/ → /kat͡suma/
From Middle Chinese 羯磨 (MC kjot ma), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman, literally “act, action”).
This pronunciation is prevalent in many Japanese schools of Buddhism, Tendai and Jōdo-shū to name a few.

bor

(Buddhism) karma:
a person's actions, deeds, works, etc.

confessions and/or vows to follow Buddhist precepts

(Buddhism) karma:
Short for 羯磨金剛 (katsuma kongō):

karma:
Short for 羯磨金剛 (katsuma kongō):
Short for 羯磨金剛 (katsuma kongō)


羯磨

(Shingon Buddhism) karma: same as 羯磨(かつま) (katsuma) above


劣等感

[ɾe̞t̚to̞ːkã̠ɴ]

Compound of 劣等(れっとう) (rettō, “inferiority”) + 感(かん) (kan, “feeling”).


幾何学的

ja-adj

幾(き)何(か)学(がく)的(てき) • (kikagakuteki) -na (adnominal 幾(き)何(か)学(がく)的(てき)な (kikagakuteki na), adverbial 幾(き)何(か)学(がく)的(てき)に (kikagakuteki ni))

幾何学的 (canonical)
kikagakuteki (romanization)
幾何学的な (adnominal)
幾何学的に (adverbial)
幾何学的だろ (imperfective stem)
きかがくてきだろ (imperfective stem)
kikagakuteki daro (imperfective)
幾何学的で (continuative stem)
きかがくてきで (continuative stem)
kikagakuteki de (continuative)
幾何学的だ (stem terminative)
きかがくてきだ (stem terminative)
kikagakuteki da (terminative)
幾何学的な (attributive stem)
きかがくてきな (attributive stem)
kikagakuteki na (attributive)
幾何学的なら (hypothetical stem)
きかがくてきなら (hypothetical stem)
kikagakuteki nara (hypothetical)
幾何学的であれ (imperative stem)
きかがくてきであれ (imperative stem)
kikagakuteki de are (imperative)
幾何学的ではない (informal negative)
幾何学的じゃない (informal negative)
きかがくてきではない (informal negative)
きかがくてきじゃない (informal negative)
kikagakuteki de wa nai (informal negative)
kikagakuteki ja nai (informal negative)
幾何学的だった (informal past)
きかがくてきだった (informal past)
kikagakuteki datta (informal past)
幾何学的ではなかった (informal negative past)
幾何学的じゃなかった (informal negative past)
きかがくてきではなかった (informal negative past)
きかがくてきじゃなかった (informal negative past)
kikagakuteki de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
kikagakuteki ja nakatta (informal negative past)
幾何学的です (formal)
きかがくてきです (formal)
kikagakuteki desu (formal)
幾何学的ではありません (formal negative)
幾何学的じゃありません (formal negative)
きかがくてきではありません (formal negative)
きかがくてきじゃありません (formal negative)
kikagakuteki de wa arimasen (formal negative)
kikagakuteki ja arimasen (formal negative)
幾何学的でした (formal past)
きかがくてきでした (formal past)
kikagakuteki deshita (formal past)
幾何学的ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
幾何学的じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
きかがくてきではありませんでした (formal negative past)
きかがくてきじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
kikagakuteki de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
kikagakuteki ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
幾何学的で (conjunctive)
きかがくてきで (conjunctive)
kikagakuteki de (conjunctive)
幾何学的なら（ば） (conditional)
きかがくてきなら（ば） (conditional)
kikagakuteki nara (ba) (conditional)
幾何学的だったら (conditional past)
きかがくてきだったら (conditional past)
kikagakuteki dattara (conditional past)
幾何学的だろう (volitional)
きかがくてきだろう (volitional)
kikagakuteki darō (volitional)
幾何学的に (adverbial)
きかがくてきに (adverbial)
kikagakuteki ni (adverbial)
幾何学的さ (noun-from-adj)
きかがくてきさ (noun-from-adj)
kikagakutekisa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

幾何学的

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした


キャンディ

Candy
Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:NHK出版
ja:NHK放送文化研究所
ja:キャンディ
ja:松村明

Borrowing from English candy.
Although many dictionaries list キャンデー (kyandē) as the primary spelling, the キャンディ (kyandi) spelling actually appears to be much more common in general usage.

飴: sweet

referring to traditional Japanese confections


のみ

nomi (romanization)
のみ (hiragana historical)


拗音

拗音 (canonical)
yōon (romanization)
euon (romanization)
えうおん (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 拗音 (ǎoyīn)

(Japanese orthography and phonology) in 和語 (wago, “native words”) and 漢語 (kango, “Classical Chinese words”), a mora that is spelt with:

one of the full-sized kana, き (ki), ぎ (gi), し (shi), じ (ji), ち (chi), ぢ (ji), に (ni), ひ (hi), び (bi), ぴ (pi), み (mi) and り (ri), followed by one the small kana, ゃ, ゅ and ょ, to represent the palatalization of the mora

one of the full-sized kana, く (ku) and ぐ (gu), followed by the small kana ゎ, to represent the historical labialization of the mora


フェリー

ja-noun

フェリー • (ferī)


バイト

ja:バイト
ja:バイト (情報)


バイト

ja:バイト
ja:バイト (工具)

From Dutch beitel, English bit or English bite.


レガート

[ɾe̞ɡa̠ːto̞]


梅酒

梅(うめ)酒(しゅ) or 梅酒(うめざけ) • (umeshu or umezake)

梅酒 (canonical)
梅酒 (canonical)
umeshu (romanization)
umezake (romanization)

umeshu, (plum wine), a Japanese liquor made from unripe ume fruits, crystal sugar, and shochu.


統計学

統計学 (canonical)
tōkeigaku (romanization)

[to̞ːke̞ːɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

統計 (tōkei, “statistics”) + 学 (-gaku, “study”)


月灯り

月灯り (canonical)
tsukiakari (romanization)


月明かり

月明かり (canonical)
tsukiakari (romanization)


小雨

Compound of 小 (ko, “small, light, slight”) + 雨 (same, “rain”). The medial -s- may represent epenthesis between two vowels, or it may be cognate with Korean interfix ᄉ (-s-) used to mark possession, much like English 's. See also 春雨 (harusame, “spring rain”) and 稲 (shine, “rice”).


瞬く

ja-verb

瞬(またた)く • (matataku) transitive godan (stem 瞬(またた)き (matataki), past 瞬(またた)いた (matataita))

瞬く (canonical)
matataku (romanization)
瞬き (stem)
瞬いた (past)
瞬か
またたか
matataka
瞬き
またたき
matataki
瞬く
またたく
matataku
瞬け
またたけ
matatake
瞬かれる (passive)
またたかれる (passive)
matatakareru (passive)
瞬かせる (causative)
瞬かす (causative)
またたかせる (causative)
またたかす (causative)
matatakaseru (causative)
matatakasu (causative)
瞬ける (potential)
またたける (potential)
matatakeru (potential)
瞬こう (volitional)
またたこう (volitional)
matatakō (volitional)
瞬かない (negative)
またたかない (negative)
matatakanai (negative)
瞬かず (continuative negative)
またたかず (continuative negative)
matatakazu (continuative negative)
瞬きます (formal)
またたきます (formal)
matatakimasu (formal)
瞬いた (perfective)
またたいた (perfective)
matataita (perfective)
瞬いて (conjunctive)
またたいて (conjunctive)
matataite (conjunctive)
瞬けば (conditional hypothetical)
またたけば (conditional hypothetical)
matatakeba (conditional hypothetical)

Compound of 目 (ma, “eye”) + 叩く (tataku, “hit, bat”).


手袋

[te̞bɯ̟ᵝkɯ̟ᵝɾo̞]

Compound of 手 (te, “hand”) + 袋 (fukuro, “bag”). The fukuro reading for 袋 changes to bukuro as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


烏梅

From Middle Chinese 烏梅 (MC 'u mwoj, literally “crow + plum”). The 烏 (“crow”) character here is used for its metaphoric meaning of black.

ltc-l

(medicine) an unripe Japanese ume that has been smoked over a fire until black, used as a pigment and in traditional medicines to treat inflammation of the throat


剪紙

zh-l

剪紙／剪纸 (jiǎnzhǐ)


二日酔い

ja-noun

二(ふつ)日(か)酔(よ)い • (futsukayoi) ^(←ふつかよひ (futukayofi)?)

二日酔い (canonical)
futsukayoi (romanization)
futukayofi (romanization)
ふつかよひ (hiragana historical)

[ɸɯ̟̊ᵝt͡sɨᵝka̠jo̞i]

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Hangover
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:二日酔い

From 二(ふつ)日(か) (futsuka, “two days”) + 酔(よ)い (yoi, “intoxication, drunkenness”, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 酔(よ)う (you, “to be intoxicated, to get drunk”)).
First cited to a text from roughly 1500.

ja-compound

あー ( )身体も重いし 完全に二日酔いじゃの〰アッハッハッハッハッ
Ā Karada mo omoishi Kanzen ni futsukayoi ja no~ ahhahhahhahha'

2004 November 9, Hideaki Sorachi, “第二十六訓 ( )旅にはパンツは忘れてもUNOは忘れるな (Dai Nijūroku Kun Tabi ni wa Pantsu wa Wasurete mo Uno wa Wasureru Na, “Lesson 26: Never Forget to Bring UNO on a Trip Even If You Might Forget Your Underwear”)”, in 銀魂 (Gintama) [Silver Soul], volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha

Man, my body feels all heavy. Must be the hangover~ ahahahaha

a hangover (illness caused by heavy drinking)


日食

[ɲ̟iɕːo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

From Middle Chinese 日食 (MC nyit zyik). 食 is a daiyōji replacing 蝕.


おまんこ

Chinese: 歐芒果／欧芒果

(vulgar, taboo slang) sexual intercourse


井目

(go) The nine points on a go board which have been marked with dots, on which handicap stones are placed; the star points; hoshi.


箴言

From Middle Chinese compound 箴言 (tsyim + ngjon, literally “admonish + speech”).


浪人

浪人 (canonical)
rōnin (romanization)
raunin (romanization)
らうにん (hiragana historical)

Heian period
Muromachi period
Nara period
Rōnin
ja:浪人

From Middle Chinese compound 浪人 (lang nyin, literally “wasteful or reckless person”). Compare modern Mandarin reading làngrén.
Originally referred to someone who had no fixed residence. Used in the context of the Ritsuryō legal system of Nara and Heian period Japan to refer to someone who had intentionally left their registered residence in order to avoid tax liabilities and corvee labor requirements. Later in the Muromachi period, came to refer to samurai who had left or lost their lords. This meaning was extended in more recent times to refer to potentially anyone who was not employed, and then again to refer to high-school graduates who have failed the annual university entrance exams and are studying for the next year's exams.

浪人生

a student who failed the annual university entrance exam and is waiting to take them again

浪（ラウ）人

Rǒnin. ラゥニン (牢人) 追放された人.

More specifically spelled 牢人.

More specifically spelled 牢人.

a student who failed the annual university entrance exams and is waiting to take them again: 浪人生 (rōninsei)


浪人

浪人する (canonical)
rōnin suru (romanization)
raunin (romanization)
浪人し (stem)
浪人した (past)
浪人し
ろうにんし
rōnin shi
浪人する
ろうにんする
rōnin suru
浪人すれ
ろうにんすれ
rōnin sure
浪人せよ (imperative literary)
浪人しろ (colloquial imperative)
ろうにんせよ (imperative literary)
ろうにんしろ (colloquial imperative)
rōnin seyo (imperative literary)
rōnin shiro (colloquial imperative)
浪人される (passive)
ろうにんされる (passive)
rōnin sareru (passive)
浪人させる (causative)
浪人さす (causative)
ろうにんさせる (causative)
ろうにんさす (causative)
rōnin saseru (causative)
rōnin sasu (causative)
浪人できる (potential)
ろうにんできる (potential)
rōnin dekiru (potential)
浪人しよう (volitional)
ろうにんしよう (volitional)
rōnin shiyō (volitional)
浪人しない (negative)
ろうにんしない (negative)
rōnin shinai (negative)
浪人せず (continuative negative)
ろうにんせず (continuative negative)
rōnin sezu (continuative negative)
浪人します (formal)
ろうにんします (formal)
rōnin shimasu (formal)
浪人した (perfective)
ろうにんした (perfective)
rōnin shita (perfective)
浪人して (conjunctive)
ろうにんして (conjunctive)
rōnin shite (conjunctive)
浪人すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ろうにんすれば (conditional hypothetical)
rōnin sureba (conditional hypothetical)

to study for the following year's annual university entrance exams after failing


政党

政党 (canonical)
seitō (romanization)
seitau (romanization)
せいたう (hiragana historical)


パスワード

[pa̠sɨᵝɰᵝa̠ːdo̞]


巫術

[ɸɯ̟ᵝʑɨᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 巫術 (MC mju zywit). Formerly read with the kan'on as bujutsu. Compare modern Min Nan reading bû-su̍t.
First attested in a portion of the Shoku Nihongi completed in 717.


夏季

ja-noun

夏(か)季(き) or 夏(なつ)季(き) • (kaki or natsuki)

夏季 (canonical)
夏季 (canonical)
kaki (romanization)
natsuki (romanization)


セブアノ語

セブアノ語 (canonical)
Sebuano-go (romanization)


割り算

[ɰᵝa̠ɾʲizã̠ɴ]


引き算

[çi̥kʲizã̠ɴ]


コーンウォール語

ja-pos

コーンウォール語(ご) • (Kōn'wōrugo)

コーンウォール語 (canonical)
Kōn'wōrugo (romanization)


ベンガル語

ベンガル語 (canonical)
bengarugo (romanization)

[bẽ̞ŋɡa̠ɾɯ̟ᵝɡo̞]


大使館

ja-noun

大(たい)使(し)館(かん) • (taishikan) ^(←たいしくわん (taisikwan)?)

大使館 (canonical)
taishikan (romanization)
taisikwan (romanization)
たいしくわん (hiragana historical)


こきん

古琴: (music) guqin; Chinese seven-stringed zither


おそそ

1819: 浪花聞書
おそゝ おめこ 女陰也


おめこ

1705, 肉蒲団
把陰戸（〈注〉ヲメコ）湊上（もちあげ）来

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

1819, 浪花聞書
おそゝ おめこ 女陰也


現代

modern times, variously described as after the 19th century, after World War I, or after World War II, until the present

現代音楽

現代音楽 げんだいおんがく

現代語訳

modern translation, translation into modern language

現代社会

現代社会 げんだいしゃかい

現代生活

現代生活 げんだいせいかつ

現代文学

現代文学 げんだいぶんがく

contemporary literature, modern literature

現代文明

現代文明 げんだいぶんめい


アルバニア語

アルバニア語 (canonical)
arubaniago (romanization)

[a̠ɾɯ̟ᵝba̠ɲ̟ia̠ɡo̞]


叩き込み

叩き込み (canonical)
hatakikomi (romanization)

The nominalized form of the verb 叩(はた)き込(こ)む (hatakikomu). The verb is a compound of two other verbs: 叩(はた)く (hataku) and 込(こ)む (komu).

朝野新聞, January 6, 1892: 大相撲 … 外の海（ハタキコミ）鬼ケ谷

(sumo) A winning technique in which dodges an opponent and one slaps their shoulder, neck, or back forcing them to fall forward.


片思い

片 (“side; part”) + 思い (“thinking; yearning; longing”)

af

love that is one-sided, unreturned, unanswered, unrequited, unreciprocated, etc.; unrequited love; crush


生理

Short for 生理学 (seirigaku, “physiology”).

前の生理はいつでしたか


でかい

ja-adj

でかい • (dekai) -i (adverbial でかく (dekaku))

dekai (romanization)
でかく (adverbial)
でかかろ (imperfective stem)
dekakaro (imperfective stem)
でかく (continuative stem)
dekaku (continuative stem)
でかい (stem terminative)
dekai (stem terminative)
でかい (attributive stem)
dekai (attributive stem)
でかけれ (hypothetical stem)
dekakere (hypothetical stem)
でかかれ (imperative stem)
dekakare (imperative stem)
でかくない (informal negative)
dekaku nai (informal negative)
でかかった (informal past)
dekakatta (informal past)
でかくなかった (informal negative past)
dekaku nakatta (informal negative past)
でかいです (formal)
dekai desu (formal)
でかくないです (formal negative)
dekaku nai desu (formal negative)
でかかったです (formal past)
dekakatta desu (formal past)
でかくなかったです (formal negative past)
dekaku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
でかくて (conjunctive)
dekakute (conjunctive)
でかければ (conditional)
dekakereba (conditional)
でかかったら (conditional past)
dekakattara (conditional past)
でかかろう (volitional)
dekakarō (volitional)
でかく (adverbial)
dekaku (adverbial)
でかさ (noun-from-adj)
dekasa (noun-from-adj)

Found in Hida dialect during the Edo period.
Generally considered to be a variation from どいかい (doikai), from the emphasizing prefix ど (do-, “very”) and the adjective 厳い (ikai, “great, huge, many”). The Nihon Kokugo Daijiten states that the sound change of /doikai/ → /dekai/ does not match the facts of the term's development. However, the /oi/ → /e/ sound shift is quite common in Japanese, and the question may hinge on which form appeared first, でかい (dekai) or でっかい (dekkai). If でかい (dekai) evolved from でっかい (dekkai) instead of the other way around, the do + ikai derivation would not explain the geminate /-kk-/ in でっかい (dekkai). The Nihon Kokugo Daijiten suggests an alternative derivation of でこ (deko, “hugely, enormously”, adverb; old slang or dialect term, persisting in modern でこでこ (dekodeko)) + 厳い (ikai, “great, huge, many”): */deko ikai/ → */dekoikai/ → */dekekai/ → /dekkai/ → /dekai/.
Also said to be the adjective form of でかし, from いでかす, transitive of 出で来 (ideku, “to appear”). However, the semantic development required for this is improbable, and this is more likely a folk etymology.

Edo period
Hida dialect
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten


騎士

風よりも速く走る馬に乗った騎士。突進攻撃に注意。

1999 February 4, “暗黒騎士ガイア [Gaia the Dark Knight]”, in Vol.1, Konami

A knight who mounts a steed that is as fast as the wind. Look out for his charge attacks.

Kaze yori mo hayaku hashiru uma ni notta kishi. Tosshin kōgeki ni chūi.

knight (warrior, especially of the Middle Ages)


優越感

ja-noun

優(ゆう)越(えつ)感(かん) • (yūetsukan) ^(←いうゑつかん (iwetukan)?)

優越感 (canonical)
yūetsukan (romanization)
iwetukan (romanization)
いうゑつかん (hiragana historical)

[jɯ̟ᵝːe̞t͡sɨ̥ᵝkã̠ɴ]

Compound of 優越(ゆうえつ) (yūetsu, “superior”) + 感(かん) (kan, “feeling”).


日本画

Japanese-style painting - Japanese paintings based on Japonism


片栗粉

片栗粉 (canonical)
katakuriko (romanization)

Originally produced from the 片(かた)栗(くり) (katakuri, “katakuri lily, Erythronium japonicum”), hence the term, it in now largely produced from potatoes, as these are much cheaper, but the term is retained.


タジク語

タジク語 (canonical)
Tajikugo (romanization)


積集合

積集合 (canonical)
sekishūgō (romanization)

対称差集合

対称差集合 たいしょうさしゅうごう


ルーマニア語

ルーマニア語 (canonical)
Rūmania-go (romanization)


鼓膜

From 鼓 (ko, “drum”) + 膜 (maku, “membrane”), calque of Dutch trommelvlies.

(anatomy) eardrum, tympanic membrane (a thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and transmits sound from the air to the malleus)


対称差集合

ja-noun

たいしょうさ しゅうごう

対(たい)称(しょう)差(さ)集(しゅう)合(ごう) • (taishōsa shūgō)

対称差集合 (canonical)
taishōsa shūgō (romanization)

symmetric difference
symmetric difference


差集合

差(さ)集(しゅう)合(ごう) • (sashūgō) ^(←さしふがふ (sasifugafu)?)

差集合 (canonical)
sashūgō (romanization)
sasifugafu (romanization)
さしふがふ (hiragana historical)

[sa̠ɕɨᵝːɡo̞ː]

対称差集合

対称差集合 たいしょうさしゅうごう


和集合

和(わ)集(しゅう)合(ごう) • (washūgō) ^(←わしふがふ (wasifugafu)?)

和集合 (canonical)
washūgō (romanization)
wasifugafu (romanization)
わしふがふ (hiragana historical)

[ɰᵝa̠ɕɨᵝːɡo̞ː]

対称差集合

対称差集合 たいしょうさしゅうごう


集合演算

集合演算 (canonical)
shūgō enzan (romanization)


吹雪

[ɸɯ̟ᵝbɯ̟ᵝkʲi]

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 吹雪く (fubuku, “to blow violently (said of wind); to blow a snowstorm”).
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), borrowed from Chinese 吹雪 (chuīxuě).


算術演算

算(さん)術(じゅつ)演(えん)算(ざん) • (sanjutsu enzan)

算術演算 (canonical)
sanjutsu enzan (romanization)

[sã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑɨᵝt͡sɨᵝ ẽ̞nd͡zã̠ɴ]

arithmetic operation
arithmetic operation


演算子

(mathematics, computing) A function or other mapping that carries variables defined on a domain into another variable; operator.


算術演算子

算(さん)術(じゅつ)演(えん)算(ざん)子(し) • (sanjutsu enzanshi)

算術演算子 (canonical)
sanjutsu enzanshi (romanization)


集合論

集(しゅう)合(ごう)論(ろん) • (shūgōron) ^(←しふがふろん (sifugafuron)?)

集合論 (canonical)
shūgōron (romanization)
sifugafuron (romanization)
しふがふろん (hiragana historical)

[ɕɨᵝːɡo̞ːɾõ̞ɴ]


ポーランド語

ポーランド語 (canonical)
Pōrandogo (romanization)


高祖

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 高祖 (MC kaw tsuX).
First cited in Japanese in 1120.

玄孫: a descendant four generations down: a great-great-grandchild


算術

[sã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑɨᵝt͡sɨᵝ]


演算

(mathematics) A procedure for generating a value from one or more other values; operation.


禁錮

禁錮 (canonical)
kinko (romanization)
きんこ (hiragana historical)


禁錮

禁錮する (canonical)
kinko suru (romanization)
kinko (romanization)
禁錮し (stem)
禁錮した (past)
禁錮し
きんこし
kinko shi
禁錮する
きんこする
kinko suru
禁錮すれ
きんこすれ
kinko sure
禁錮せよ (imperative literary)
禁錮しろ (colloquial imperative)
きんこせよ (imperative literary)
きんこしろ (colloquial imperative)
kinko seyo (imperative literary)
kinko shiro (colloquial imperative)
禁錮される (passive)
きんこされる (passive)
kinko sareru (passive)
禁錮させる (causative)
禁錮さす (causative)
きんこさせる (causative)
きんこさす (causative)
kinko saseru (causative)
kinko sasu (causative)
禁錮できる (potential)
きんこできる (potential)
kinko dekiru (potential)
禁錮しよう (volitional)
きんこしよう (volitional)
kinko shiyō (volitional)
禁錮しない (negative)
きんこしない (negative)
kinko shinai (negative)
禁錮せず (continuative negative)
きんこせず (continuative negative)
kinko sezu (continuative negative)
禁錮します (formal)
きんこします (formal)
kinko shimasu (formal)
禁錮した (perfective)
きんこした (perfective)
kinko shita (perfective)
禁錮して (conjunctive)
きんこして (conjunctive)
kinko shite (conjunctive)
禁錮すれば (conditional hypothetical)
きんこすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kinko sureba (conditional hypothetical)


古今

From Middle Chinese 古今 (MC kuX kim).
The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.


古今

人古今に通ぜざるは馬牛にして襟裾す

hito kokon ni tsūzezaru wa bagyū ni shite kinkyo su

From Middle Chinese 古今 (MC kuX kim).
Uses the goon reading for the latter kanji, suggesting an older borrowing.

the interval between the past and present; also, such a history


古今

古(いにしえ)今(いま) • (inishie ima) ^(←いにしへいま (inisifeima)?)

古今 (canonical)
inishie ima (romanization)
inisifeima (romanization)
いにしへいま (hiragana historical)

Compound of 古 (inishie, “the past, ancient times”) + 今 (ima, “now”).


ワンピース

[ɰᵝã̠mpʲiːsɨᵝ]


荷電粒子

荷電粒子 (canonical)
kaden ryūshi (romanization)


命名権

命名権 (canonical)
meimeiken (romanization)


小惑星

ja-noun

小(しょう)惑(わく)星(せい) • (shōwakusei) ^(←せうわくせい (sewakusei)?)

小惑星 (canonical)
shōwakusei (romanization)
sewakusei (romanization)
せうわくせい (hiragana historical)

[ɕo̞ːɰᵝa̠kɯ̟̊ᵝse̞ː]

From 小 (shō-, “small; little”) + 惑星 (wakusei, “planet”). Compare Chinese 小行星 (xiǎoxíngxīng), Korean 소행성 (sohaengseong), Vietnamese tiểu hành tinh.


更衣

ja-noun

更(こう)衣(い) or 更衣(ころもがえ) • (kōi or koromogae)

更衣 (canonical)
更衣 (canonical)
kōi (romanization)
koromogae (romanization)

(history) court's attendant in charge of clothes


アルギニン

[a̠ɾɯ̟ᵝɡʲiɲ̟ĩɴ]


光年

光(こう)年(ねん) • (kōnen) ^(←くわうねん (kwaunen)?)

光年 (canonical)
kōnen (romanization)
kwaunen (romanization)
くわうねん (hiragana historical)

Appears to be a calque of English light year.


光年

ja-pos

光(こう)年(ねん) • (-kōnen) ^(←くわうねん (kwaunen)?)

光年 (canonical)
-kōnen (romanization)
kwaunen (romanization)
くわうねん (hiragana historical)

宇宙の直径は約 930億光年だ。

The diameter of the universe is some 93 billion light years.

Uchū no chokkei wa yaku kyūhyakusanjū-oku kōnen da.

地球自身すでに銀河系の外れにあるといえるが、そこからさらに六万光年渦分子の先っぽに……、ロルカル系第三惑星「ニューイヤー」がある。

1988 July 30 [1984 July 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “ニューイヤー星調査行 (ニューイヤー星調査行) [Expedition to Planet New Year]”, in ポストの中の明日 [Post-Mid-Tomorrow] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 2), 10th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 73

Earth is essentially situated in the extremity of the Milky Way, sixty thousand light years from which, at the tip of the vortex molecules..., is “New Year”, the third planet of the Lorcal system.

Chikyū jishin sude ni Gingakei no hazure ni aru to ieru ga, soko kara sara ni rokuman kōnen kabunshi no sakippo ni……, Rorukaru-kei dai-san wakusei “Nyū Iyā” ga aru.


秀才

ja-noun

秀(しゅう)才(さい) • (shūsai) ^(←しうさい (siusai)?)

秀才 (canonical)
shūsai (romanization)
siusai (romanization)
しうさい (hiragana historical)

/sɨusai/ → /ɕɨusai/ → /ɕuːsai/
Appears already in texts from 718 CE.
From Middle Chinese 秀才 (MC sjuwH dzoj, literally “outstanding + ability, talent”).

菅秀才

Kan Shūsai, eldest son of Sugawara no Michizane in a jōruri narrative

(historical) a xiucai, licentiate (scholar who has passed the entry-level examination to study at a college)

(historical) a person recommended for a government post by a provincial governor

(by extension) a scholar, intellectual, person of knowledge

(by extension) a prodigy, a brilliant person


レンズ状銀河

レンズ状銀河 (canonical)
renzujō ginga (romanization)


散開星団

散開星団 (canonical)
sankai seidan (romanization)


球状星団

球状星団 (canonical)
kyūjō seidan (romanization)


天文学者

天文学者 (canonical)
tenmongakusha (romanization)


楕円銀河

楕円銀河 (canonical)
daen ginga (romanization)

[da̠ẽ̞ŋ ʲɡʲĩŋɡa̠]


老人

老人 (canonical)
rōjin (romanization)
rauzin (romanization)
らうじん (hiragana historical)

老人問題

problem of the elderly; problems of an aging society

老人遺棄

abandon old people in the mountain, etc.


不規則銀河

ja-noun

不(ふ)規(き)則(そく)銀(ぎん)河(が) • (fukisoku ginga)

不規則銀河 (canonical)
fukisoku ginga (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟ᵝkʲiso̞kɯ̟ᵝ ɡʲĩŋɡa̠]


棒渦巻銀河

棒(ぼう)渦(うず)巻(まき)銀(ぎん)河(が) • (bō uzumaki ginga)

棒渦巻銀河 (canonical)
bō uzumaki ginga (romanization)

[bo̞ː ɯ̟ᵝzɨᵝma̠kʲi ɡʲĩŋɡa̠]

From 棒 (bō, “staff, stick”) + 渦巻銀河 (uzumaki ginga, “spiral galaxy”).

com

barred spiral galaxy
barred spiral galaxy


渦巻銀河

ja-noun

渦(うず)巻(まき)銀(ぎん)河(が) • (uzumaki ginga) ^(←うづまきぎんが (udumaki ginga)?)

渦巻銀河 (canonical)
uzumaki ginga (romanization)
udumaki ginga (romanization)
うづまきぎんが (hiragana historical)

[ɯ̟ᵝzɨᵝma̠kʲi ɡʲĩŋɡa̠]

Compound of 渦巻 (uzumaki, “spiral”) + 銀河 (ginga, “galaxy”).


角速度

角速度 (canonical)
kakusokudo (romanization)


Literally 'three angles' (三角), referring to the shape of a triangle. Most likely coined in analogy with ○.

(accounting) minus, equivalent of parentheses in English


レイノルズ数

レイノルズ数 (canonical)
reinoruzu sū (romanization)


線形性

線形性 (canonical)
senkeisei (romanization)

[sẽ̞ŋke̞ːse̞ː]


臨界レイノルズ数

ja-noun

りんかい ^レイノルズ-すう

臨(りん)界(かい)レイノルズ数(すう) • (rinkai Reinoruzu-sū)

臨界レイノルズ数 (canonical)
rinkai Reinoruzu-sū (romanization)

critical Reynolds number
critical Reynolds number


聖人

聖(しょう)人(にん) • (shōnin) ^(←しやうにん (syaunin)?)

聖人 (canonical)
shōnin (romanization)
syaunin (romanization)
しやうにん (hiragana historical)
せいじん (alternative hiragana)
seijin (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)

From 聖 (shō, sei, “holy; sacred”) + 人 (nin, jin, “person”), from Chinese 聖人／圣人 (shèngrén).

af

(Buddhism) a term used to refer to Buddha or a bodhisattva


帷子

Compound of 片 (kata, “side; one-sided”) + 枚 (hira, “layer, thin flat thing”).
The kanji for this word are an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), from 帷 (tobari, “curtain”) and 子 (ko, “small thing”).

compound

(Buddhism) a special white kimono used to dress the dead for a Buddhist funeral, inscribed with the person's honorary name, an excerpt from a sutra, or a portion of a chant


ウェブ

Alternative spelling of Web (Web): the Web; the World Wide Web


当日

on the day (in the future, or the past, when a plan or the experience was told)


当日

that day (in the future, or the past, when a plan or the experience was told)


摩天楼

摩 (ma, “scraping”) + 天 (ten, “sky”) + 楼 (rō, “building with two or more stories”), calque of English skyscraper.


和室

[ɰᵝa̠ɕit͡sɨᵝ]

Japanese-style room (as opposed to a Western-style room in a Japanese home or building)


春分

[ɕɨ̃ᵝmbɯ̟̃ᵝɴ]

立春

二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring

立秋

二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Autumn

立夏

二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer

立冬

二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Winter


天人

(Buddhism, mythology) heavenly spirits from Buddhist heaven


ネカマ

→ Korean: 넷카마 (netkama)

Blend of ネット (netto, “Internet”) + オカマ (okama, “faggot”).

blend

(Internet slang, offensive) A man who pretends to be a woman online.


副将

ja-noun

副(ふく)将(しょう) • (fukushō) ^(←ふくしやう (fukusyau)?)

副将 (canonical)
fukushō (romanization)
fukusyau (romanization)
ふくしやう (hiragana historical)

[ɸɯ̟̊ᵝkɯ̟ᵝɕo̞ː]

From 副 (fuku-, “vice-”) + 将 (shō, “commander”).

pre

先生！ なして六三四が大将でわたすが副将だあ⁉
Sensei! Nashite Musashi ga taishō de watasu ga fukushō dā⁉

1984 October 20 [1983 January 15], Motoka Murakami, “日本一の巻 [Japan’s Number One]”, in 六三四の剣 (六三四の剣) [Musashi’s Sword], 7th edition, volume 8 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 47

Sensei! How come Musashi’s the first and ah’m the second!?

オレが大将 このガキが副将 おまえが三将
Ore ga taishō Kono gaki ga fukushō O-mae ga sanshō
I’ll be the first, the brat’s the second, you’re the third.
なんでボクが三将なんだ
Nan de boku ga sanshō nan da
Why am I the third?
実力順だろ？オレ天才だし
Jitsuryokujun daro? Ore tensai da shi
Isn’t it supposed to be in order of strength? I’m a genius.
小学生に副将をやらせるわけにいかないよ
Shōgakusei ni fukushō o yaraseru wake ni ikanai yo
We can’t have a grade school kid be the second!
じゃ おまえが副将でコイツが三将な

1999 November 20 [1999 August 9], Yumi Hotta with Obata, Takeshi, “第９局 大将・副将・三将 [Game 9: First, Second and Third]”, in ヒカルの碁, 3rd edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, page 35

You’re the second and he’s the third then.

Ja o-mae ga fukushō de koitsu ga sanshō na

second, vice-captain (the second highest-ranking member of a sport team, generally the second strongest member)


大頭

(sports) the first makushita rikishi listed in the sumo banzuke.


継母

ja-noun

継(けい)母(ぼ) or 継(まま)母(はは) • (keibo or mamahaha)

継母 (canonical)
継母 (canonical)
keibo (romanization)
mamahaha (romanization)


民兵

a militia (army of trained civilians called upon in time of need)


感嘆詞

感嘆詞 (canonical)
kantanshi (romanization)


軍馬

軍馬 (canonical)
gunba (romanization)
ぐんば (hiragana historical)


小字

小字 (canonical)
shōji (romanization)
seuzi (romanization)
せうじ (hiragana historical)

小字双行


駄目

駄目 (canonical)
駄目 (canonical)
dame (romanization)

Originated as a Go term, 駄(だ) (da, “meaningless”) + 目(め) (me, “territory in a Go game”).

ja-compound

a territory that belongs to neither player when the game ends


成虫

(entomology) imago (adult insect/ adult worm)


大奥

大(おお) (ō) + 奥(おく) (oku), literally "great interior".

(historical) The inner chamber (inner quarters) of the Edo Castle where the shōgun's consort, concubines, and ladies in waiting resided. Other than the shōgun, no other men were permitted entrance. Male children were raised in Ooku until the age of 7 at which time they had to move out and reside in other parts of the castle.


希望

ja-pos

希(き)望(ぼう) or 希(き)望(み) or 希望(きらり) or 希望(なるみ) or 希(のぞ)望(み) or 希望(のの) or 希望(ゆめ) • (Kibō or Kimi or Kirari or Narumi or Nozomi or Nono or Yume)

希望 (canonical)
希望 (canonical)
希望 (canonical)
希望 (canonical)
希望 (canonical)
希望 (canonical)
希望 (canonical)
Kibō (romanization)
Kimi (romanization)
Kirari (romanization)
Narumi (romanization)
Nozomi (romanization)
Nono (romanization)
Yume (romanization)
希望 (canonical)
Nozomu (romanization)


跳び箱

From 跳び, nominative form of 跳ぶ (tobu, “jump”) + 箱 (hako, “box”).


分解

[bɯ̟̃ᵝŋka̠i]

蛋白質分解酵素

蛋白質分解酵素 たんぱくしつぶんかいこうそ


分解

分解する (canonical)
bunkai suru (romanization)
分解し (stem)
分解した (past)
分解し
ぶんかいし
bunkai shi
分解する
ぶんかいする
bunkai suru
分解すれ
ぶんかいすれ
bunkai sure
分解せよ (imperative literary)
分解しろ (colloquial imperative)
ぶんかいせよ (imperative literary)
ぶんかいしろ (colloquial imperative)
bunkai seyo (imperative literary)
bunkai shiro (colloquial imperative)
分解される (passive)
ぶんかいされる (passive)
bunkai sareru (passive)
分解させる (causative)
分解さす (causative)
ぶんかいさせる (causative)
ぶんかいさす (causative)
bunkai saseru (causative)
bunkai sasu (causative)
分解できる (potential)
ぶんかいできる (potential)
bunkai dekiru (potential)
分解しよう (volitional)
ぶんかいしよう (volitional)
bunkai shiyō (volitional)
分解しない (negative)
ぶんかいしない (negative)
bunkai shinai (negative)
分解せず (continuative negative)
ぶんかいせず (continuative negative)
bunkai sezu (continuative negative)
分解します (formal)
ぶんかいします (formal)
bunkai shimasu (formal)
分解した (perfective)
ぶんかいした (perfective)
bunkai shita (perfective)
分解して (conjunctive)
ぶんかいして (conjunctive)
bunkai shite (conjunctive)
分解すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ぶんかいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
bunkai sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[bɯ̟̃ᵝŋka̠i]

(chemistry) to resolve (light, a chemical, etc.)


大作

大(たい)作(さく) or 大(だい)作(さく) • (Taisaku or Daisaku)

大作 (canonical)
大作 (canonical)
Taisaku (romanization)
Daisaku (romanization)


妖法

ja-noun

妖(よう)法(ほう) • (yōhō)


美人

From Middle Chinese 美人 (MC mijX nyin, literally “beautiful (especially feminine) + person”). Compare modern Min Nan reading bí-jîn.
The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

美人傘

a large and deep umbrella that was fashionable in the late Meiji period

美人蕉: the Chinese-derived alternate for 姫芭蕉

a variety of plantain of family Musaceae

美人草: alternate name for 雛罌粟

Papaver rhoeas, a field poppy or corn poppy

美人というも皮一重: → beauty is only skin deep

even a beautiful person only has one skin

美人に年なし: → a beautiful person often looks young no matter their age

the end of [being] a beautiful person is turning into a monkey

美人の終わりは猿になる: → a beautiful woman becomes less beautiful as she ages

美人は言わねど隠れなし: “even if you don't say that someone is beautiful

there's no hiding it” → if someone is beautiful

美人薄命: → beauty often doesn't last

美人薄命 びじんはくめい

a beautiful person has a thin [i.e. short] life

モナ・リザといえばやはり美人ですね。

That Mona Lisa, she really is a beauty, isn't she.

(historical) in ancient China, the fifth of fourteen ranks for imperial ladies-in-waiting


美人

ja-noun

美(かおよ)人(びと) • (kaoyobito) ^(←かほよびと (kafoyobito)?)

美人 (canonical)
kaoyobito (romanization)
kafoyobito (romanization)
かほよびと (hiragana historical)

Compound of 顔 (kao, “face”) + 良 (yo, “good”, the stem of adjective 良い yoi, “good”) + 人 (hito, “person”). The hito changes to bito as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The 美 kanji spelling for the kaoyo portion of the reading is an example of jukujikun.

compound

the stem of adjective <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">良い</i> yoi, “good”

(archaic, possibly obsolete) a beautiful woman, a beauty, a belle


先鋒

spearhead; one that advances first in an army

(sports) an athlete who competes in the first match of a team competition


ファッション

Borrowed from English fashion.
First cited to 1886.

fashion (current (constantly changing) trend, favored for frivolous rather than practical, logical, or intellectual reasons)

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:ファッション


落窪

落窪 (canonical)
落窪 (canonical)
ochikubo (romanization)

A compound of 落(お)ち (ochi, “fallen”) + 窪(くぼ) (kubo, “depression”).

ja-compound

a place within a house lower than the regular floor, a depressed, recessed location


無限

Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
University of Tokyo
ja:哲学字彙

May be a learned borrowing from Chinese 無限／无限 (wúxiàn, literally “without + limit”). First cited to 1881 in the 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Philosophical Vocabulary”) as a translation of English infinite.

lbor

無限に廻るもの、ウラモグ
Mugen ni Megurumono, Uramogu
Ulamog, the Infinite Gyre

(philosophy, general) infinity, unlimitedness, endlessness


検死官

検死官 (canonical)
kenshikan (romanization)

[kẽ̞ɰ̃ɕikã̠ɴ]

* A Japanese noun 検死, varied from 検視 + A Japanese suffix 官 (official)


韻尾

韻尾 (canonical)
inbi (romanization)
winbi (romanization)
ゐんび (hiragana historical)


声母

Chinese 声母 (shēngmǔ, literally “sound mother”)

bor

Coordinate term: 韻母

(traditional Chinese phonology) the onset of a Chinese syllable


韻母

韻母 (canonical)
inbo (romanization)
winbo (romanization)
ゐんぼ (hiragana historical)

Chinese 韻母／韵母 (yùnmǔ, literally “rime mother”)

Meronyms: 韻尾, 介音, 主母音

Coordinate term: 声母

(traditional Chinese phonology) the rhyme of a Chinese syllable


音韻論

ja-noun

音(おん)韻(いん)論(ろん) • (on'inron) ^(←おんゐんろん (on'winron)?)

音韻論 (canonical)
on'inron (romanization)
on'winron (romanization)
おんゐんろん (hiragana historical)

[õ̞ɰ̃ĩnɾõ̞ɴ]

From 音韻 (on'in, “phoneme”) + 論 (-ron, “theory”).


招降

ja-noun

招(しょう)降(こう) • (shōkō) ^(←せうかう (seukau)?)

招降 (canonical)
shōkō (romanization)
seukau (romanization)
せうかう (hiragana historical)


招降

招降する (canonical)
shōkō suru (romanization)
seukau (romanization)
招降し (stem)
招降した (past)
招降し
しょうこうし
shōkō shi
招降する
しょうこうする
shōkō suru
招降すれ
しょうこうすれ
shōkō sure
招降せよ (imperative literary)
招降しろ (colloquial imperative)
しょうこうせよ (imperative literary)
しょうこうしろ (colloquial imperative)
shōkō seyo (imperative literary)
shōkō shiro (colloquial imperative)
招降される (passive)
しょうこうされる (passive)
shōkō sareru (passive)
招降させる (causative)
招降さす (causative)
しょうこうさせる (causative)
しょうこうさす (causative)
shōkō saseru (causative)
shōkō sasu (causative)
招降できる (potential)
しょうこうできる (potential)
shōkō dekiru (potential)
招降しよう (volitional)
しょうこうしよう (volitional)
shōkō shiyō (volitional)
招降しない (negative)
しょうこうしない (negative)
shōkō shinai (negative)
招降せず (continuative negative)
しょうこうせず (continuative negative)
shōkō sezu (continuative negative)
招降します (formal)
しょうこうします (formal)
shōkō shimasu (formal)
招降した (perfective)
しょうこうした (perfective)
shōkō shita (perfective)
招降して (conjunctive)
しょうこうして (conjunctive)
shōkō shite (conjunctive)
招降すれば (conditional hypothetical)
しょうこうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
shōkō sureba (conditional hypothetical)


有機溶剤

有機溶剤 (canonical)
yūkiyōzai (romanization)


紫外線

紫(し)外(がい)線(せん) • (shigaisen) ^(←しぐわいせん (sigwaisen)?)

紫外線 (canonical)
shigaisen (romanization)
sigwaisen (romanization)
しぐわいせん (hiragana historical)

[ɕiɡa̠isẽ̞ɴ]


サイボーグ

[sa̠ibo̞ːɡɯ̟ᵝ]


財物

財 (zai, “property”) + 物 (butsu, “thing”)

compound

他人の財物を窃取した者は、窃盗の罪とし、十年以下の懲役又は五十万円以下の罰金に処する

2021 August 28 (last accessed), “第二百三十五条 [Article 235]”, in Japanese Penal Code, Minister of Justice, archived from the original on 2019-09-29

A person who steals the property of another person commits the crime of theft and is punished by imprisonment for not more than 10 years or a fine of not more than 500,000 yen.

Tanin no zaibutsu o sesshu shita mono wa, settō no tsumi to shi, jū-nen ika no chōeki matawa 500,000 en'ika no bakkin ni sho suru

財物への損害に対する補償

2019 October 1, “企業総合補償保険（オールリスク型保険） [Comprehensive corporate compensation insurance (all-risk insurance)]”, in Corporate property insurance, Sompo Japan


引火

引火する (canonical)
inka suru (romanization)
引火し (stem)
引火した (past)
引火し
いんかし
inka shi
引火する
いんかする
inka suru
引火すれ
いんかすれ
inka sure
引火せよ (imperative literary)
引火しろ (colloquial imperative)
いんかせよ (imperative literary)
いんかしろ (colloquial imperative)
inka seyo (imperative literary)
inka shiro (colloquial imperative)
引火される (passive)
いんかされる (passive)
inka sareru (passive)
引火させる (causative)
引火さす (causative)
いんかさせる (causative)
いんかさす (causative)
inka saseru (causative)
inka sasu (causative)
引火できる (potential)
いんかできる (potential)
inka dekiru (potential)
引火しよう (volitional)
いんかしよう (volitional)
inka shiyō (volitional)
引火しない (negative)
いんかしない (negative)
inka shinai (negative)
引火せず (continuative negative)
いんかせず (continuative negative)
inka sezu (continuative negative)
引火します (formal)
いんかします (formal)
inka shimasu (formal)
引火した (perfective)
いんかした (perfective)
inka shita (perfective)
引火して (conjunctive)
いんかして (conjunctive)
inka shite (conjunctive)
引火すれば (conditional hypothetical)
いんかすれば (conditional hypothetical)
inka sureba (conditional hypothetical)


司馬

Holonym: 三公

(historical, government, religion, military) a position in feudal China, responsible for certain bureaucratic, religious and military affairs

(historical, government) Synonym of 掾 (jō, “third-in-command of a 国司 (kokushi, “governorship”)”) (唐名 (karana, “Chinese designation”))


月刊

monthly publication (such as a magazine)


往来

庭訓往来

庭訓往来 ていきんおうらい


体操

体操 (canonical)
taisō (romanization)
taisau (romanization)
たいさう (hiragana historical)

→ Indonesian: taiso

Apparently coined in Japanese from Middle Chinese-derived elements, as a compound of 体 (tai, “body”) + 操 (sō, “control, manipulate”). First cited in education-related materials from the early Meiji Period in the early 1870s, as part of educational reforms that included the addition of physical education to school curricula.

医療体操

医療体操 いりょうたいそう

器械体操

器械体操 きかいたいそう

国民保健体操

国民保健体操 こくみんほけんたいそう

柔軟体操

柔軟体操 じゅうなんたいそう

手具体操

手具体操 しゅぐたいそう

体操競技

体操競技 たいそうきょうぎ

徒手体操

徒手体操 としゅたいそう

美容体操

美容体操 びようたいそう

兵式体操

兵式体操 へいしきたいそう

律動体操

律動体操 りつどうたいそう

テレビを見ながら体操をする

(archaic, education) physical education, PE (replaced by the term 体育 (taiiku))


体操

体操する (canonical)
taisō suru (romanization)
taisau (romanization)
体操し (stem)
体操した (past)
体操し
たいそうし
taisō shi
体操する
たいそうする
taisō suru
体操すれ
たいそうすれ
taisō sure
体操せよ (imperative literary)
体操しろ (colloquial imperative)
たいそうせよ (imperative literary)
たいそうしろ (colloquial imperative)
taisō seyo (imperative literary)
taisō shiro (colloquial imperative)
体操される (passive)
たいそうされる (passive)
taisō sareru (passive)
体操させる (causative)
体操さす (causative)
たいそうさせる (causative)
たいそうさす (causative)
taisō saseru (causative)
taisō sasu (causative)
体操できる (potential)
たいそうできる (potential)
taisō dekiru (potential)
体操しよう (volitional)
たいそうしよう (volitional)
taisō shiyō (volitional)
体操しない (negative)
たいそうしない (negative)
taisō shinai (negative)
体操せず (continuative negative)
たいそうせず (continuative negative)
taisō sezu (continuative negative)
体操します (formal)
たいそうします (formal)
taisō shimasu (formal)
体操した (perfective)
たいそうした (perfective)
taisō shita (perfective)
体操して (conjunctive)
たいそうして (conjunctive)
taisō shite (conjunctive)
体操すれば (conditional hypothetical)
たいそうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
taisō sureba (conditional hypothetical)


ルガンダ語

ルガンダ語 (canonical)
Rugandago (romanization)


草履

ja-noun

草(ぞう)履(り) or 草履(ゾウリ) or 草(じょう)履(り) or 草履(ジョウリ) • (zōri or jōri) ^(←ざうり (zauri) or ザウリ (zauri) or じやうり (zyauri) or ジヤウリ (zyauri)?)

草履 (canonical)
草履 (canonical)
草履 (canonical)
草履 (canonical)
zōri (romanization)
jōri (romanization)
zauri (romanization)
zyauri (romanization)
ざうり (hiragana historical)
ザウリ (hiragana historical)
じやうり (hiragana historical)
ジヤウリ (hiragana historical)

→ Esperanto: zorio

In late Middle Japanese, the initial [zo] temporarily becomes affricate [dʒo].
/zauri/ → /zoːri/

草履 楊氏漢語抄云草履、和名與屩同、俗云佐宇利
Straw sandals The Yanagi clan's Chinese excerpts call them straw sandals, Japanese name same as given for '屩' [warakuto], commonly called sauri

草履 サウリ 和名与屩曰日記用浄履

草（ジャウ）履 ザウリ


Gt

(music) Abbreviation of ギター (gitā, “guitar (of a rock band)”).


砧骨

砧(きぬた)骨(こつ) or 砧(ちん)骨(こつ) • (kinutakotsu or chinkotsu)

砧骨 (canonical)
砧骨 (canonical)
kinutakotsu (romanization)
chinkotsu (romanization)

[t͡ɕĩŋko̞t͡sɨᵝ]


横綱

(sumo) yokozuna (the highest rank in sumo-wrestling or a person holding the title)


承平

ja-pos

承(じょう)平(へい) or 承(しょう)平(へい) • (Jōhei or Shōhei)

承平 (canonical)
承平 (canonical)
Jōhei (romanization)
Shōhei (romanization)


縄文

Calque of English cord-marked. Translation of a term coined by Edward Sylvester Morse.


正人

正人 (canonical)
Masato (romanization)
正人 (canonical)
Masahito (romanization)


陛下

天皇陛下

皇后陛下

Her Imperial Majesty the Empress (Consort)

天皇皇后両陛下

Their Imperial Majesties the Emperor and Empress (Consort)

女王陛下

勘違いされては困る 貴様のためになど戦うつもりは毛頭ない！わしをつき動かすのは国王陛下への忠誠心のみ！
Kanchigai sarete wa komaru Kisama no tame ni nado tatakau tsumori wa mōtō nai! Washi o tsukiugokasu no wa Kokuō Heika (Morudoreddo-sama) e no chūseishin nomi!

2004 May 1, Izawa, Hiroshi with Yamada, Kotaro, “第28話 揺れる王国 [Chapter 28: The Kingdom Shaken]”, in ファイアーエムブレム 覇者の剣 [Fire Emblem: Sword of Champions], volume 7 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, pages 150–151

Make no mistake, I have no intention of fighting for you! I am doing it only because I swore allegiance to His Majesty!

国王陛下 モルドレッド様

(monarchy) Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty


白板

Borrowed from Mandarin 白板 (báibǎn, “whiteboard, white tile”).

bor

(figuratively, sex) name for the glabrousness of an individual, usually a female, who lacks pubic hair either naturally or due to removal.


忠臣

Compound of 忠 (tada, “right, just, correct”) + 臣 (omi, “vassal, retainer, subject”).


太后

From Middle Chinese 太后 (MC thajH huwX|huwH).


太后

ja-noun

太(おお)后(きさき) • (ōkisaki) ^(←おほきさき (ofokisaki)?)

太(おお)后(きさい) • (ōkisai) ^(←おほきさい (ofokisai)?)

太后 • ^ (canonical)
太后 (canonical)
ōkisaki (romanization)
ofokisaki (romanization)
ōkisai (romanization)
ofokisai (romanization)
おほきさき (hiragana historical)
おほきさい (hiragana historical)

Extension of 大后 (ōkisaki, “empress”), also read as later ōkisai.

大后も参りたまはむとするを...

c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Sakaki)

Though the Empress Dowager also thought she would visit him...


オーケストラ

[o̞ːke̞sɨ̥ᵝto̞ɾa̠]

Borrowed from English orchestra, from Latin orchēstra, from Ancient Greek ὀρχήστρα (orkhḗstra).

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Orchestra
ja:オーケストラ
ja:松村明

管弦楽団

管弦楽団 かんげんがくだん


竜馬

From Middle Chinese 龍馬 (MC ljowng maeX, literally “dragon horse”).
The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu-sound”) reading, so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese.

ltc-l

*These 3 abbreviations are only used as a typographical convention. They are pronounced the same as their full names.

(shogi) a promoted 角行 (kakugyō, “angle-mover”), having a move corresponding to both bishop and king in Western chess


竜馬

Alteration of ryūme above, using the 慣用音 (kan’yōon, “common-use sound”) reading of ma for the second character.

(shogi, colloquial) a promoted 角行 (kakugyō, “angle-mover”), having a move corresponding to both bishop and king in Western chess


マケドニア

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Μακεδονία (Makedonía)

lbor

クラブのＫはマケドニアのアレクサンダー大王

The king of clubs is Alexander the Great of Macedonia

Kurabu no kingu wa Makedonia no Arekusandā Daiō

ja:マケドニア (曖昧さ回避)


下手

Compound of 下 (shita, “down; under; lower”) + 手 (te, “hand”).
Occasionally encountered with rendaku (連濁), where the -te ending changes to -de.

compound

(sumo) an underhand or lower hand hold, in which the wrestler's hand or arm is underneath or on the inside of the opponent's hand or arm


下手

Compound of 下 (shimo, “lower”) + 手 (te, “hand”).

(theater) downstage, specifically the left side of the stage as viewed from the audience


官職

武成王
宰相・太子と並ぶ最高位の官職である。
殷帝国の軍務の全権をまかされている
Busei Ō
Saishō Taishi to narabu saikōi no kanshoku de aru.

1996 November 1, Ryū Fujisaki, “第５回 宮中孤軍 [Chapter 5: All Alone in the Palace]”, in 封神演義 (封神演義) [Investiture of the Gods], volume 1 (fiction; paperback), Tokyo: Shueisha, page 146

Prince Wucheng
The highest-ranking official who can be a match for the Chancellor and the Crown Prince.
He is currently entrusted with full control over the military of the Yin Empire

In Teikoku no gunmu no zenken o makasareteiru


真人

(Taoism, mostly used in titles) one who has attained the Tao; immortal; true man


デバッガ

[de̞ba̠ɡ̚ɡ̊a̠]


自行

自行 (canonical)
jigyō (romanization)
zigyau (romanization)
じぎやう (hiragana historical)


年賀状

[nẽ̞ŋɡa̠ʑo̞ː]


音韻

音韻 (canonical)
on'in (romanization)
on'win (romanization)
おんゐん (hiragana historical)


三公

Holonym: 三公九卿

(Zhou) Meronyms: 太師, 太傅, 太保

(Han) Meronyms: 御史大夫, 丞相, 太尉

(Later Han and later) Meronyms: 司空, 司徒, 太尉

(historical, government) three highest-ranking officials in feudal China

Meronyms: 右大臣, 左大臣, 太政大臣

Meronyms: 右大臣, 左大臣, 内大臣

(historical, government) three highest-ranking officials in feudal Japan


いれずみ

いれずみする (canonical)
irezumi suru (romanization)
いれずみし (stem)
いれずみした (past)
いれずみし
irezumi shi
いれずみする
irezumi suru
いれずみすれ
irezumi sure
いれずみせよ (imperative literary)
いれずみしろ (colloquial imperative)
irezumi seyo (imperative literary)
irezumi shiro (colloquial imperative)
いれずみされる (passive)
irezumi sareru (passive)
いれずみさせる (causative)
いれずみさす (causative)
irezumi saseru (causative)
irezumi sasu (causative)
いれずみできる (potential)
irezumi dekiru (potential)
いれずみしよう (volitional)
irezumi shiyō (volitional)
いれずみしない (negative)
irezumi shinai (negative)
いれずみせず (continuative negative)
irezumi sezu (continuative negative)
いれずみします (formal)
irezumi shimasu (formal)
いれずみした (perfective)
irezumi shita (perfective)
いれずみして (conjunctive)
irezumi shite (conjunctive)
いれずみすれば (conditional hypothetical)
irezumi sureba (conditional hypothetical)

入(い)れ (ire, continuative form of 入(い)れる (ireru, “to put in”)) + 墨(すみ) (sumi, “ink”). The sumi changes to zumi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

continuative form of 入(い)れる (ireru</span>, “to put in”)

身体は華奢な方ですが、二の腕に賽の目の三が入墨してあるところを見ると、間違いなく斑組六人男の一人でなければなりません。

1948, 野村胡堂, 銭形平次捕物控 怪盗系図, 青空文庫

He is of slender build, but considering the fact that he has a three face of a die tattooed on his upper arm, he must be, without a doubt, one of the six men of the Madara ring.

Karada wa kyasha na hō desu ga, ni no ude ni sai no me no san ga irezumi shite aru tokoro o miru to, machigai naku Madara-gumi rokunin otoko no hitori de nakereba narimasen.

斑組六人男 まだらぐみろくにんおとこ


流れ星

流れ星 (canonical)
nagareboshi (romanization)

Compound of 流れ (nagare, “flowing, streaming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 流れる (nagareru, “to flow, to stream”)) + 星 (hoshi, “star”). The hoshi changes to boshi as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Derived as the native Japanese reading of Middle Chinese-derived 流星 (ryūsei).
First attested from 1137.

compound

きれいな星空だね
Kirei na hoshizora da ne
Look at that beautiful starry sky
そうね
Sō ne
It is, isn’t it?
あ 流れ星
A Nagareboshi
Ah, a shooting star
何か 願い事した？
Nani ka Negaigoto shita?
What’d you wish for?
——うん このシーンが１コマでも長く続きますようにって
——Un Kono shīn ga hito-koma demo nagaku tsuzukimasu yō nitte
—Umm, I wished I could drag this scene forever
……作者思いだね

1993 November 25 [1989 May 20], Mitsuru Adachi, “第27話 直人の想い [Chapter 27: What Naoto Wants]”, in スローステップ (スローステップ) [Slow Step], 11th edition, volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 74

きれいな星空だね
Kirei na hoshizora da ne
Look at that beautiful starry sky
……また始まったな
……Mata hajimatta na
…It’s happened again
あ 流れ星
A Nagareboshi
Ah, a shooting star
何か 願い事した？
Nani ka Negaigoto shita?
What’d you wish for?
どうぞ編集長が怒りませんようにって……
Dōzo henshūchō ga okorimasen yō nitte……
I wished the editor-in-chief wouldn’t be mad at me…
—大丈夫 やさしい人だもん
—Daijōbu yasashii hito da mon
—Don’t worry, he’s very easy-going
いいかげんにしろ！

1993 November 25 [1989 May 20], Mitsuru Adachi, “第27話 直人の想い [Chapter 27: Mortals’ Desires]”, in スローステップ (スローステップ) [Slow Step], 11th edition, volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, pages 93–94

(astronomy) synonym of 流星 (ryūsei, “meteor, shooting star, falling star”)


オレンジ

[o̞ɾẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑi]


ミソサザイ

ミソサザイ (canonical)
みそさざい (canonical)
misosazai (romanization)

Troglodytes troglodytes
Troglodytes troglodytes#Translingual

鷦鷯, 三十三才: Eurasian wren, winter wren, Troglodytes troglodytes.


Symbolization of Katakana テ (te), first letter of 逓(てい)信(しん)省(しょう) (teishinshō, “Ministry of Communication”).

郵便番号

郵便番号 ゆうびんばんごう

(map symbol) A symbol denoting a post office.