切る

ja-verb

切(き)る • (kiru) godan (stem 切(き)り (kiri), past 切(き)った (kitta))

切る (canonical)
kiru (romanization)
切り (stem)
切った (past)
切ら
きら
kira
切り
きり
kiri
切る
きる
kiru
切れ
きれ
kire
切られる (passive)
きられる (passive)
kirareru (passive)
切らせる (causative)
切らす (causative)
きらせる (causative)
きらす (causative)
kiraseru (causative)
kirasu (causative)
切れる (potential)
きれる (potential)
kireru (potential)
切ろう (volitional)
きろう (volitional)
kirō (volitional)
切らない (negative)
きらない (negative)
kiranai (negative)
切らず (continuative negative)
きらず (continuative negative)
kirazu (continuative negative)
切ります (formal)
きります (formal)
kirimasu (formal)
切った (perfective)
きった (perfective)
kitta (perfective)
切って (conjunctive)
きって (conjunctive)
kitte (conjunctive)
切れば (conditional hypothetical)
きれば (conditional hypothetical)
kireba (conditional hypothetical)
切ら (irrealis stem)
きら (irrealis stem)
kira (irrealis)
切り (continuative stem)
きり (continuative stem)
kiri (continuative)
切る (stem terminative)
きる (stem terminative)
kiru (terminative)
切る (attributive stem)
きる (attributive stem)
kiru (attributive)
切れ (realis stem)
きれ (realis stem)
kire (realis)
切れ (imperative stem)
きれ (imperative stem)
kire (imperative)
切らず (negative)
きらず (negative)
kirazu (negative)
切れど (contrastive)
きれど (contrastive)
kiredo (contrastive)
切れば (causative)
きれば (causative)
kireba (causative)
切らば (conditional)
きらば (conditional)
kiraba (conditional)
切りき (past)
きりき (past)
kiriki (past)
切りけり (past)
きりけり (past)
kirikeri (past)
切りつ (perfect)
きりつ (perfect)
kiritu (perfect)
切りぬ (perfect)
きりぬ (perfect)
kirinu (perfect)
切れり (continuative perfect)
切りたり (continuative perfect)
きれり (continuative perfect)
きりたり (continuative perfect)
kireri (continuative perfect)
kiritari (continuative perfect)
切らむ (volitional)
きらむ (volitional)
kiramu (volitional)

⟨ki₁ru⟩ → */kjiru/ → /kiru/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kiru. Cognate with Miyako 切 (きぃー, ksïï), Okinawan 切ーん (ちーん, chīn), Yaeyama 切すん (きぃすん, kïsun).

割り切る, 割切る

divide without residue, solve, comprehend

湯切り

髪の水気を切る


西洋将棋

ja-noun

西(せい)洋(よう)将(しょう)棋(ぎ) • (seiyōshōgi) ^(←せいやうしやうぎ (seyausyaugi)?)

西洋将棋 (canonical)
seiyōshōgi (romanization)
seyausyaugi (romanization)
せいやうしやうぎ (hiragana historical)

[se̞ːjo̞ːɕo̞ːɡʲi]

From 西洋 (seiyō, “The West”) + 将棋 (shōgi, “shogi”).

compound

(obsolete) chess (literally, western-style shogi)


邪魔

Originally a Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.
From Middle Chinese 邪魔 (*zia *mɑ?, literally “wrong, evil, perverse” + “devil, demon”). Compare modern Mandarin 邪魔 (xiémó).

ja-etym-buddhist

(Buddhism) a demon or devil of perversity, a hindrance to the practice of Buddhism


腹が立つ

ja-verb

腹(はら)が立(た)つ • (hara ga tatsu) godan (stem 腹(はら)が立(た)ち (hara ga tachi), past 腹(はら)が立(た)った (hara ga tatta))

腹が立つ (canonical)
hara ga tatsu (romanization)
腹が立ち (stem)
腹が立った (past)
腹が立た
はらがたた
hara ga tata
腹が立ち
はらがたち
hara ga tachi
腹が立つ
はらがたつ
hara ga tatsu
腹が立て
はらがたて
hara ga tate
腹が立たれる (passive)
はらがたたれる (passive)
hara ga tatareru (passive)
腹が立たせる (causative)
腹が立たす (causative)
はらがたたせる (causative)
はらがたたす (causative)
hara ga tataseru (causative)
hara ga tatasu (causative)
腹が立てる (potential)
はらがたてる (potential)
hara ga tateru (potential)
腹が立とう (volitional)
はらがたとう (volitional)
hara ga tatō (volitional)
腹が立たない (negative)
はらがたたない (negative)
hara ga tatanai (negative)
腹が立たず (continuative negative)
はらがたたず (continuative negative)
hara ga tatazu (continuative negative)
腹が立ちます (formal)
はらがたちます (formal)
hara ga tachimasu (formal)
腹が立った (perfective)
はらがたった (perfective)
hara ga tatta (perfective)
腹が立って (conjunctive)
はらがたって (conjunctive)
hara ga tatte (conjunctive)
腹が立てば (conditional hypothetical)
はらがたてば (conditional hypothetical)
hara ga tateba (conditional hypothetical)


犯罪

犯罪 (canonical)
hanzai (romanization)
件 (counter)

異世界犯罪者集団ギャングラー
isekai hanzai shashūdan gyangurā
Interdimensional Crime Group Gangler


弟子

From Middle Chinese 弟子 (MC dejX tsiX). Probably the initial borrowing.

(Buddhism) on a mala or Buddhist rosary, the ten small beads closest to the end of the portion that hangs free from the largest bead


弟子

Appears to be a shift from teishi above. This is now the most common reading for the disciple, apprentice sense.

君を魔法使いの弟子として歓迎するよ 死の愛し仔…いや チセ
Kimi o boku no deshi to shite kangeisuru yo Surei Bega… Iya Chise

Kore Yamazaki, “第1篇 April showers bring May flowers. [Composition 1: April showers bring May flowers.]”, in [魔法使いの嫁](The Ancient Magus Bride) [The Ancient Magus’ Bride], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Mag Garden, page 20

You are welcome as my apprentice, Sleih Beggey… I mean, Chise

死の愛し仔 スレイ・ベガ


社会学

ja-noun

社(しゃ)会(かい)学(がく) • (shakaigaku) ^(←しやくわいがく (syakwaigaku)?)

社会学 (canonical)
shakaigaku (romanization)
syakwaigaku (romanization)
しやくわいがく (hiragana historical)

[ɕa̠ka̠iɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

From 社会 (shakai, “society”) + 学 (-gaku, “-graphy; -logy”). Coined by Masakazu Toyama as a calque of French sociologie.


くい

kui (romanization)
kufi (romanization)
くひ (hiragana historical)


分類学

分類学 (canonical)
bunruigaku (romanization)

[bɯ̟̃ᵝnɾɯ̟ᵝiɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

From 分類 (bunrui, “classification; categorization”) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy; -graphy”).

taxonomy (science of finding, describing, classifying and naming organisms)


南極

[nã̠ŋʲkʲo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]


女子

Compound of 女 (me, “woman”) + 子 (ko, “child”).


女子

ja-noun

女(おみな)子(ご) • (ominago) ^(←をみなご (wominago)?)

女子 (canonical)
ominago (romanization)
wominago (romanization)
をみなご (hiragana historical)


女子

女(おんな)子(ご) • (onnago) ^(←をんなご (wonnago)?)

女子 (canonical)
onnago (romanization)
wonnago (romanization)
をんなご (hiragana historical)

wonnago → onnago. From earlier 女子 (ominago).


女子

女子 (canonical)
onago (romanization)
wonago (romanization)
をなご (hiragana historical)

お…おなごじゃあ‼めんごいおなごさおるぞ！

1984 February 15, Motoka Murakami, “歓迎会の〝突き〞の巻 [A "Tsuki" at the Welcome Party]”, in 六三四の剣 (六三四の剣) [Musashi’s Sword], volume 13 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 110

A…A girl!! There’s a cute girl here, y’all!


えり

えり (canonical)
エリ (canonical)
Eri (romanization)

恵里, 恵理, 惠理, 絵里, 絵理, 絵梨, 江利, 江里, 愛理, 衣里, 英理, 英梨, 瑛里: a female given name


木剣

木(ぼっ)剣(けん) • (bokken) ^(←ぼくけん (bokuken)?)

木剣 (canonical)
bokken (romanization)
bokuken (romanization)
ぼくけん (hiragana historical)

bokken (a wooden sword used for training)


木刀

木(ぼく)刀(とう) • (bokutō) ^(←ぼくたう (bokutau)?)

木刀 (canonical)
bokutō (romanization)
bokutau (romanization)
ぼくたう (hiragana historical)


盲腸炎

盲(もう)腸(ちょう)炎(えん) • (mōchōen)

(medicine) appendicitis, cecitis, typhlitis


骸骨

どこにでも出てくるガイコツのおばけ。攻撃は弱いが集まると大変。

1999 March 6, “ワイト [Wight]”, in Starter Box, Konami

A skeletal specter that came from some unknown place. Its attacks are very weak.

Doko ni demo detekuru gaikotsu no obake. Kōgeki wa yowai ga atsumaru to taihen.


仏陀

ja-pos

仏(ぶつ)陀(だ) or 仏陀(ブッダ) • (Butsuda or Budda)

仏陀 (canonical)
仏陀 (canonical)
Butsuda (romanization)
Budda (romanization)

[bɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝda̠]

[bɯ̟ᵝd̚d̥a̠]

Borrowed from Pali buddha or Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddhá). The kanji is ateji (当て字), from Chinese 佛陀 (Fótuó).

目覚めた人ブッダ 神の子イエス 言わずと知れた仏教とキリスト教の祖である

2008 July 16 [2008 January 23], Hikaru Nakamura, “その２ 最聖珍道中 [Chapter 2: The Ultimate Holy Journey]”, in [聖](セイント)☆おにいさん [Saint☆Young Men], 6th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha

Buddha, the Enlightened. Jesus, Son of God. They are widely regarded as the founders of Buddhism and Christianity, respectively.

Mezameta hito Budda Kami no ko Iesu Iwazu to shireta Bukkyō to Kirisuto-kyō no so de aru


仏陀

[bɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝda̠]

[bɯ̟ᵝd̚d̥a̠]


交響楽団

交響楽団 (canonical)
kōkyōgakudan (romanization)


名人

(historical) a title held by the strongest go player in Japan

a Japanese go tournament, and the title conferred to its winner

a Japanese shogi tournament, and the title conferred to its winner


真珠湾

真珠湾 (canonical)
Shinjuwan (romanization)

真珠 (shinju, “pearl”) + 湾 (wan, “harbor”). Calque of English Pearl Harbor.


中継

a live relay broadcast (Short for 中継放送.)


中継

中継する (canonical)
chūkei suru (romanization)
中継し (stem)
中継した (past)
中継し
ちゅうけいし
chūkei shi
中継する
ちゅうけいする
chūkei suru
中継すれ
ちゅうけいすれ
chūkei sure
中継せよ (imperative literary)
中継しろ (colloquial imperative)
ちゅうけいせよ (imperative literary)
ちゅうけいしろ (colloquial imperative)
chūkei seyo (imperative literary)
chūkei shiro (colloquial imperative)
中継される (passive)
ちゅうけいされる (passive)
chūkei sareru (passive)
中継させる (causative)
中継さす (causative)
ちゅうけいさせる (causative)
ちゅうけいさす (causative)
chūkei saseru (causative)
chūkei sasu (causative)
中継できる (potential)
ちゅうけいできる (potential)
chūkei dekiru (potential)
中継しよう (volitional)
ちゅうけいしよう (volitional)
chūkei shiyō (volitional)
中継しない (negative)
ちゅうけいしない (negative)
chūkei shinai (negative)
中継せず (continuative negative)
ちゅうけいせず (continuative negative)
chūkei sezu (continuative negative)
中継します (formal)
ちゅうけいします (formal)
chūkei shimasu (formal)
中継した (perfective)
ちゅうけいした (perfective)
chūkei shita (perfective)
中継して (conjunctive)
ちゅうけいして (conjunctive)
chūkei shite (conjunctive)
中継すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ちゅうけいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
chūkei sureba (conditional hypothetical)


水俣病

水俣病 (canonical)
Minamata-byō (romanization)

From 水俣(みなまた) (Minamata, “Minamata”) + 病(びょう) (byō, “disease”), after the city where the disease was first discovered.


枝豆

→ English: edamame

→ German: Edamame

→ Indonesian: edamame

Literally, “stem beans”, 枝(えだ) (eda, “branch, stem”) + 豆(まめ) (mame, “bean”)


世界語

zh-l

世界語／世界语 (shìjièyǔ)

→ Chinese: 世界語／世界语 (shìjièyǔ)

→ Korean: 세계어 (segyeeo)

→ Vietnamese: thế giới ngữ


太鼓

Sino-Japanese compound of 太 (tai, “big, fat, thick”) + 鼓 (ko, “drum”).


すみ

sumi (romanization)
すみ (hiragana historical)

table
From 酸 (su, the stem of adjective 酸い (sui, “sour”)) + み (-mi, “-ness”, specifically for subjective impressions). The use of the 味 kanji is an example of ateji (当て字), in this case, phonosemantic matching with a possible conflation of senses.
First cited to a text from 1833.

suffix

the stem of adjective <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">酸い</i> (sui, “sour”)


掃除機

ja-noun

掃(そう)除(じ)機(き) • (sōjiki) ^(←さうぢき (saudiki)?)

掃除機 (canonical)
sōjiki (romanization)
saudiki (romanization)
さうぢき (hiragana historical)

掃除 (sōji, “cleaning”) + 機 (ki, “machine”)


電子レンジ

ja-noun

電(でん)子(し)レンジ • (denshi renji) (counter 台)

電子レンジ (canonical)
denshi renji (romanization)
台 (counter)

[dẽ̞ɰ̃ɕi ɾẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑi]

From 電子 (denshi, “electronic”) + レンジ (renji, “oven”). Compare Korean 전자레인지 (jeonjareinji).


超新星

ja-noun

超(ちょう)新(しん)星(せい) • (chōshinsei) ^(←てうしんせい (teusinsei)?)

超新星 (canonical)
chōshinsei (romanization)
teusinsei (romanization)
てうしんせい (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕo̞ːɕĩɰ̃se̞ː]

From 超 (chō-, “super-”) + 新星 (shinsei, “nova”).


扇風機

[sẽ̞mpɯ̟ᵝːkʲi]


文化

Meiji period
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:文化

文化 (canonical)
bunka (romanization)
bunkwa (romanization)
ぶんくわ (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 文化 (wénhuà)

→ Korean: 문화 (munhwa)

→ Vietnamese: văn hoá

Learned borrowing from Middle Chinese 文化 (mjun xwæH, “the way of educating by using morality, literature, rituals and music”), repurposed during the Meiji period as a translation of German Kultur.
Cited with the culture sense starting from roughly 1870.

lbor

これは、国語の性格に、文化の伝統、国民性の特質が作用するからである。

1928, 岸田國士, 「語られる言葉」の美

The tradition of culture and the traits of the nation function to make the character of the national language.

Kore wa, kokugo no seikaku ni, bunka no dentō, kokuminsei no tokushitsu ga sayō suru kara de aru.

文化圏固有動作

文化圏固有動作 ぶんかけんこゆうどうさ

文化観光省

文化観光省 ぶんかかんこうしょう

文化勲章

文化勲章 ぶんかくんしょう

文化交流

文化交流 ぶんかこうりゅう

文化功労者

文化功労者 ぶんかこうろうしゃ

person who has made outstanding cultural contributions

文化財保護法

文化財保護法 ぶんかざいほごほう

Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties

文化心理学

文化心理学 ぶんかしんりがく

文化事業部

文化事業部 ぶんかじぎょうぶ

文化人類学

文化人類学 ぶんかじんるいがく

文化大革命

文化大革命 ぶんかだいかくめい

文化地理学

文化地理学 ぶんかちりがく

映像文化

映像文化 えいぞうぶんか

漢字文化圏

漢字文化圏 かんじぶんかけん

芸術文化の破壊

芸術文化 げいじつぶんか

重要文化財

重要文化財 じゅうようぶんかざい

重要無形文化財

重要無形文化財 じゅうようむけいぶんかざい

消費者文化

消費者文化 しょうひしゃぶんか

大衆文化

大衆文化 たいしゅうぶんか

多元文化論

多元文化論 たげんぶんかろん

多文化主義

多文化主義 たぶんかしゅぎ

伝統文化

伝統文化 でんとうぶんか

無形文化財

無形文化財 むけいぶんかざい

有形文化財

有形文化財 ゆうけいぶんかざい


文化

Bunka
Meiji period
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:文化 (元号)


鶏肉

[ke̞ːɲ̟ikɯ̟ᵝ]


黒板

[ko̞kɯ̟ᵝbã̠ɴ]


文房具

ja-noun

文(ぶん)房(ぼう)具(ぐ) • (bunbōgu) ^(←ぶんばうぐ (bunbaugu)?)

文房具 (canonical)
bunbōgu (romanization)
bunbaugu (romanization)
ぶんばうぐ (hiragana historical)

[bɯ̟̃ᵝmbo̞ːɡɯ̟ᵝ]

Compound of 文房 (bunbō, “a study, an office”) + 具 (-gu, “instrument, tool; means; ingredient”).


重水素

ja-noun

重(じゅう)水(すい)素(そ) • (jūsuiso) ^(←ぢゆうすいそ (dyuusuiso)?)

重水素 (canonical)
jūsuiso (romanization)
dyuusuiso (romanization)
ぢゆうすいそ (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑɨᵝːsɨᵝiso̞]

重 (jū, “heavy”) + 水素 (suiso, “hydrogen”)


不定

ja-adj

不(ふ)定(てい) • (futei) -na (adnominal 不(ふ)定(てい)な (futei na), adverbial 不(ふ)定(てい)に (futei ni))

不定 (canonical)
futei (romanization)
不定な (adnominal)
不定に (adverbial)
不定だろ (imperfective stem)
ふていだろ (imperfective stem)
futei daro (imperfective)
不定で (continuative stem)
ふていで (continuative stem)
futei de (continuative)
不定だ (stem terminative)
ふていだ (stem terminative)
futei da (terminative)
不定な (attributive stem)
ふていな (attributive stem)
futei na (attributive)
不定なら (hypothetical stem)
ふていなら (hypothetical stem)
futei nara (hypothetical)
不定であれ (imperative stem)
ふていであれ (imperative stem)
futei de are (imperative)
不定ではない (informal negative)
不定じゃない (informal negative)
ふていではない (informal negative)
ふていじゃない (informal negative)
futei de wa nai (informal negative)
futei ja nai (informal negative)
不定だった (informal past)
ふていだった (informal past)
futei datta (informal past)
不定ではなかった (informal negative past)
不定じゃなかった (informal negative past)
ふていではなかった (informal negative past)
ふていじゃなかった (informal negative past)
futei de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
futei ja nakatta (informal negative past)
不定です (formal)
ふていです (formal)
futei desu (formal)
不定ではありません (formal negative)
不定じゃありません (formal negative)
ふていではありません (formal negative)
ふていじゃありません (formal negative)
futei de wa arimasen (formal negative)
futei ja arimasen (formal negative)
不定でした (formal past)
ふていでした (formal past)
futei deshita (formal past)
不定ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
不定じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
ふていではありませんでした (formal negative past)
ふていじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
futei de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
futei ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
不定で (conjunctive)
ふていで (conjunctive)
futei de (conjunctive)
不定なら（ば） (conditional)
ふていなら（ば） (conditional)
futei nara (ba) (conditional)
不定だったら (conditional past)
ふていだったら (conditional past)
futei dattara (conditional past)
不定だろう (volitional)
ふていだろう (volitional)
futei darō (volitional)
不定に (adverbial)
ふていに (adverbial)
futei ni (adverbial)
不定さ (noun-from-adj)
ふていさ (noun-from-adj)
futeisa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

不定

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした

(mathematics) indefinite; as in the term 'indefinite integral'


不定

(mathematics) indefiniteness, an integral being without specific limits


アムハラ語

アムハラ語 (canonical)
Amuhara-Go (romanization)


義理チョコ

義理チョコ (canonical)
giri choko (romanization)

From 義理(ぎり) (giri, “obligation”) + チョコ (choko, “chocolate”).

ja-compound

Valentine's Day chocolate given as a gift out of courtesy or a sense of duty


対局

趙石 オ帰りィ！対局ハドウダッタ⁉
Chao Shī o-kaerī! Taikyoku wa dō datta⁉
You’re back, Zhao Shi! How did the game go!?
楽平！勝ッタヨ

2002 March 9, Yumi Hotta with Obata, Takeshi, “第134局 楊海の助言 [Game 134: Yang Hai’s Advice]”, in ヒカルの碁 [Hikaru’s Go], volume 16 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, page 80


対局

対局する (canonical)
taikyoku suru (romanization)
対局し (stem)
対局した (past)
対局し
たいきょくし
taikyoku shi
対局する
たいきょくする
taikyoku suru
対局すれ
たいきょくすれ
taikyoku sure
対局せよ (imperative literary)
対局しろ (colloquial imperative)
たいきょくせよ (imperative literary)
たいきょくしろ (colloquial imperative)
taikyoku seyo (imperative literary)
taikyoku shiro (colloquial imperative)
対局される (passive)
たいきょくされる (passive)
taikyoku sareru (passive)
対局させる (causative)
対局さす (causative)
たいきょくさせる (causative)
たいきょくさす (causative)
taikyoku saseru (causative)
taikyoku sasu (causative)
対局できる (potential)
たいきょくできる (potential)
taikyoku dekiru (potential)
対局しよう (volitional)
たいきょくしよう (volitional)
taikyoku shiyō (volitional)
対局しない (negative)
たいきょくしない (negative)
taikyoku shinai (negative)
対局せず (continuative negative)
たいきょくせず (continuative negative)
taikyoku sezu (continuative negative)
対局します (formal)
たいきょくします (formal)
taikyoku shimasu (formal)
対局した (perfective)
たいきょくした (perfective)
taikyoku shita (perfective)
対局して (conjunctive)
たいきょくして (conjunctive)
taikyoku shite (conjunctive)
対局すれば (conditional hypothetical)
たいきょくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
taikyoku sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(go, shogi, xiangqi, chess) to play a game


弱者

ja-noun

弱(じゃく)者(しゃ) • (jakusha) ^(←じやくしや (zyakusya)?)

弱者 (canonical)
jakusha (romanization)
zyakusya (romanization)
じやくしや (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑa̠kɯ̟̊ᵝɕa̠]

「強者が弱者を蹂躙するとき、そこに私がいるだろう。」

2017 January 20, “英雄的介入 [Heroic Intervention]”, in 霊気紛争 [Aether Revolt], Wizards of the Coast

“Whenever the strong would trample over the weak, I will be there.”

“Kyōsha ga jakusha o jūrinsuru toki, soko ni watashi ga iru darō.”


連体詞

連体詞 (canonical)
rentaishi (romanization)

Compound of 連体 (rentai, “attribution”, of a noun; limited to grammatical contexts, literally “accompanying an uninflecting word”) + 詞 (-shi, “word; part of speech”).
First cited to a text from 1937.

suf

(grammar) an adnominal (attributive word: cannot be used predicatively and must precede a 体言 (taigen, “uninflecting word”) in Japanese grammar; examples are この (kono, “this”), 所謂 (iwayuru, “so-called”), 主たる (shu-taru, “main”), 単なる (tan-naru, “mere”), etc.)

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Japanese adjectives#Attributives
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:連体詞


自動

(grammar) intransitive verb (Abbreviation of 自動詞.)


ブルトン語

ブルトン語 (canonical)
Buruton-go (romanization)


ハンガリー語

ハンガリー語 (canonical)
hangarīgo (romanization)

[hã̠ŋɡa̠ɾʲiːɡo̞]


ノルウェー語

ノルウェー語 (canonical)
noruwēgo (romanization)

[no̞ɾɯ̟ᵝɰᵝe̞ːɡo̞]


ベトナム語

ベトナム語 (canonical)
Betonamu-go (romanization)

ベトナム (Betonamu, “Vietnam”) + 語 (-go, “language”)


古期英語

古期英語 (canonical)
Kokieigo (romanization)

* 古期 (“ancient period”) + 英語 (“English language”)
* 英 (“England”) + 語 (“language”)


ラテン語

ラテン語 (canonical)
Raten-go (romanization)

[ɾa̠tẽ̞ŋɡo̞]

ラテン (Raten, “Latin”) + 語 (-go, “language”)


ロシア語

ロシア語 (canonical)
Roshia-go (romanization)

[ɾo̞ɕia̠ɡo̞]

ジョンはロシア語が出来る。


ヒンディー語

ヒンディー語 (canonical)
hindīgo (romanization)

[çĩndʲiːɡo̞]


イタリア語

イタリア語 (canonical)
itariago (romanization)


キリバス語

キリバス語 (canonical)
Kiribasugo (romanization)


現代英語

現代英語 (canonical)
Gendai Eigo (romanization)

* 現代 (“modern”) + 英語 (“English language”)
* 英 (“England”) + 語 (“language”)


ケルト語

ケルト語 (canonical)
Keruto-go (romanization)


接尾辞

接尾辞 (canonical)
setsubiji (romanization)


複式簿記

ja-noun

複(ふく)式(しき)簿(ぼ)記(き) • (fukushiki boki) ^(←ふくしきぼき (fukusikiboki)?)

複式簿記 (canonical)
fukushiki boki (romanization)
fukusikiboki (romanization)
ふくしきぼき (hiragana historical)

[ɸɯ̟̊ᵝkɯ̟ᵝɕi̥kʲibo̞kʲi]

Compound of 複式 (fukushiki, “double-entry”, literally “multiple-style”) + 簿記 (boki, “bookkeeping”).
First cited to a work from 1904.


中期英語

中期英語 (canonical)
Chūki Eigo (romanization)

[t͡ɕɨᵝːkʲi e̞ːɡo̞]

* 中期 (“middle period”) + 英語 (“English language”)
* 英 (“England”) + 語 (“language”)


大丈夫

ja-adj

大(だい)丈(じょう)夫(ぶ) • (daijōbu) ^(←だいぢやうぶ (daidyaubu)?)-na (adnominal 大(だい)丈(じょう)夫(ぶ)な (daijōbu na), adverbial 大(だい)丈(じょう)夫(ぶ)に (daijōbu ni))

大丈夫 (canonical)
daijōbu (romanization)
daidyaubu (romanization)
大丈夫な (adnominal)
大丈夫に (adverbial)

→ Hokkien: lăi-jiò͘-bù

→ Mandarin: 大丈夫 (dàzhàngfū)

→ Yonaguni: 大丈夫 (daidubu)

[da̠iʑo̞ːbɯ̟ᵝ]

From Chinese 大丈夫, equivalent to 大 (dai-) + 丈夫 (jōbu).

大丈夫ですか。

大丈夫受かります！
Daijōbu ukarimasu!
That’ll be all right. You’ll definitely pass!
ほんとに⁉

1996 February 20 [1988 February 15], Mitsuru Adachi, “なにがなんだか 後編 [What’s What: Last Chapter]”, in SHORT PROGRAM (SHORT PROGRAM) [Short Program], 25th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 283

(of a person) all right; okay; in good health; uninjured


マラヤーラム語

マラヤーラム語 (canonical)
Marayāramugo (romanization)


真実

[ɕĩɲ̟d͡ʑit͡sɨᵝ]

真実一路

真実一路 しんじついちろ

(Buddhism) Synonym of 真如 (shinnyo, “suchness”)


真実

[ɕĩɲ̟d͡ʑit͡sɨᵝ]


真実

ja-pos

真(さな)実(み) or 真実(こころ) or 真(なお)実(み) or 真実(まこと) or 真(まな)実(み) or 真(ま)実(み) or 真(まゆ)実(み) or 真(まさ)実(み) • (Sanami or Kokoro or Naomi or Makoto or Manami or Mami or Mayumi or Masami)

真実 (canonical)
真実 (canonical)
真実 (canonical)
真実 (canonical)
真実 (canonical)
真実 (canonical)
真 (まゆ)実 (canonical)
真 (まさ)実 (canonical)
Sanami (romanization)
Kokoro (romanization)
Naomi (romanization)
Makoto (romanization)
Manami (romanization)
Mami (romanization)
Mayumi (romanization)
Masami (romanization)

Various given names from kun and nanori compounds.


真実

真(ま)実(さね) or 真(ま)実(ざね) • (Masane or Mazane)

真実 (canonical)
真実 (canonical)
Masane (romanization)
Mazane (romanization)

The sane reading for 実 changes to zane as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


火車

火車 (canonical)
kasha (romanization)
kwasya (romanization)
くわしや (hiragana historical)

/kua t͡ɕia/ → /kʷaɕʲa/ → /kaɕa/
From Middle Chinese compound 火車 (MC xwaX tsyhae).
The "steam locomotive" sense is a semantic loan from modern Chinese 火車／火车 (huǒchē).

(Buddhism) a fiery chariot that brings sinners to hell; by extension, a form of torture using this vehicle

(folklore) a yōkai that steals the corpses of those who have died as a result of accumulating evil deeds


簿記

Phono-semantic matching of English bookkeeping.
First attested in the early 1870s, possibly as early as 1869. May have been coined during translation into Japanese of various accounting references, notably the 1873 translation of Alexander Allan Shand's work Detailed Accounts of Bank Book-Keeping into Japanese as the 銀行簿記精法 (Ginkō Boki Seihō).


人士

人士 (canonical)
jinshi (romanization)
zinsi (romanization)
じんし (hiragana historical)


生物学

生物学 (canonical)
seibutsugaku (romanization)

[se̞ːbɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]


王水

王水 (canonical)
ōsui (romanization)
wausui (romanization)
わうすい (hiragana historical)


五十音順

ja-noun

五(ご)十(じゅう)音(おん)順(じゅん) • (gojūonjun) ^(←ごじふおんじゅん (gozifuonzyun)?)

五十音順 (canonical)
gojūonjun (romanization)
gozifuonzyun (romanization)
ごじふおんじゅん (hiragana historical)

[ɡo̞ʑɨᵝːõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨ̃ᵝɴ]

五十音 (literally “fifty sounds”) + 順 (“order”)

suf

Coordinate term: 伊呂波順

(orthography) the sort order for kana (historically, mainly for katakana) as arranged in the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”)


濁点

[da̠kɯ̟̊ᵝtẽ̞ɴ]

濁 (daku, “muddy; voiced”) + 点 (ten, “dot”)

af

a voicing diacritical mark, such as ゛ on が, used to:

derive the kana for a voiced-onsetted mora from the kana for a base voiceless-onsetted mora;

(informal) orthographically convey a guttural tone, such as that of a cry or scream


五十音

ja-noun

五(ご)十(じゅう)音(おん) • (gojūon) ^(←ごじふおん (gozifuon)?)

五十音 (canonical)
gojūon (romanization)
gozifuon (romanization)
ごじふおん (hiragana historical)

[ɡo̞ʑɨᵝːõ̞ɴ]

From 五十 (gojū, “fifty”) + 音 (on, “sound”).

(phonology, orthography, grammar) all Japanese morae that can be spelled with 45 single modern kana and 2 historical kana (ゐ/ヰ and ゑ/ヱ) customarily without diacritical marks (゛ and ゜), excluding っ and ん, arranged in a 5x10 table (五十音図 (gojūonzu, literally “table of the fifty sounds”)), used for phonological and grammatical analysis


悲しい

ja-adj

悲(かな)しい • (kanashii) -i (adverbial 悲(かな)しく (kanashiku))

悲しい (canonical)
kanashii (romanization)
悲しく (adverbial)
悲しかろ (imperfective stem)
かなしかろ (imperfective stem)
kanashikaro (imperfective)
悲しく (continuative stem)
かなしく (continuative stem)
kanashiku (continuative)
悲しい (stem terminative)
かなしい (stem terminative)
kanashii (terminative)
悲しい (attributive stem)
かなしい (attributive stem)
kanashii (attributive)
悲しけれ (hypothetical stem)
かなしけれ (hypothetical stem)
kanashikere (hypothetical)
悲しかれ (imperative stem)
かなしかれ (imperative stem)
kanashikare (imperative)
悲しくない (informal negative)
かなしくない (informal negative)
kanashiku nai (informal negative)
悲しかった (informal past)
かなしかった (informal past)
kanashikatta (informal past)
悲しくなかった (informal negative past)
かなしくなかった (informal negative past)
kanashiku nakatta (informal negative past)
悲しいです (formal)
かなしいです (formal)
kanashii desu (formal)
悲しくないです (formal negative)
かなしくないです (formal negative)
kanashiku nai desu (formal negative)
悲しかったです (formal past)
かなしかったです (formal past)
kanashikatta desu (formal past)
悲しくなかったです (formal negative past)
かなしくなかったです (formal negative past)
kanashiku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
悲しくて (conjunctive)
かなしくて (conjunctive)
kanashikute (conjunctive)
悲しければ (conditional)
かなしければ (conditional)
kanashikereba (conditional)
悲しかったら (conditional past)
かなしかったら (conditional past)
kanashikattara (conditional past)
悲しかろう (volitional)
かなしかろう (volitional)
kanashikarō (volitional)
悲しく (adverbial)
かなしく (adverbial)
kanashiku (adverbial)
悲しさ (noun-from-adj)
かなしさ (noun-from-adj)
kanashisa (noun-from-adj)
悲しく (irrealis stem)
悲しから (irrealis stem)
かなしく (irrealis stem)
かなしから (irrealis stem)
kanasiku (irrealis)
kanasikara (irrealis)
悲しく (continuative stem)
悲しかり (continuative stem)
かなしく (continuative stem)
かなしかり (continuative stem)
kanasiku (continuative)
kanasikari (continuative)
悲し (stem terminative)
かなし (stem terminative)
kanasi (terminative)
悲しき (attributive stem)
悲しかる (attributive stem)
かなしき (attributive stem)
かなしかる (attributive stem)
kanasiki (attributive)
kanasikaru (attributive)
悲しけれ (realis stem)
かなしけれ (realis stem)
kanasikere (realis)
悲しかれ (imperative stem)
かなしかれ (imperative stem)
kanasikare (imperative)
悲しからず (negative)
かなしからず (negative)
kanasikarazu (negative)
悲しけれど (contrastive)
かなしけれど (contrastive)
kanasikeredo (contrastive)
悲しければ (causative)
かなしければ (causative)
kanasikereba (causative)
悲しくば (conditional)
かなしくば (conditional)
kanasikuba (conditional)
悲しかりき (past)
かなしかりき (past)
kanasikariki (past)
悲しかりけり (past)
かなしかりけり (past)
kanasikarikeri (past)
悲しく (adverbial)
かなしく (adverbial)
kanasiku (adverbial)

⟨kanasi₁ki₁⟩ → /kanasiki/ → /kanaɕiː/
From Old Japanese 悲し (kanasi, “emotionally overwhelming: dear, beloved, sad”), ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kanasi (“beloved, dear”). Attested once in the Nihon Shoki of 720, and amply in the Man'yōshū, completed in 759.
Originally meant "dear, beloved, lovely", in addition to "sad". The former senses were later taken over by other adjectives such as 愛らしい (airashii) and 可愛い (kawaii). See also the Ryukyuan cognates such as Miyako 悲す (kanasï) and Okinawan 愛さん (kanasan, “beloved, lovely, cute”), which do not mean "sad".
Considering the original sense of "emotionally overwhelming", might be cognate with 兼ねる (kaneru, “to group together; to be concerned about something”), from the semantic overlap with worrying.


餓鬼

餓鬼 (canonical)
餓鬼 (canonical)
gaki (romanization)

Borrowing from Middle Chinese compound 餓鬼 (MC ngaH kjw+jX, “hungry + ghost”). Compare modern Min Nan reading gō-kúi. The Chinese term derives from the importation of Buddhism into China, as a translation of Sanskrit प्रेत (preta).

(Buddhism) short for 餓鬼道 (gakidō): the hungry ghost realm, one of the six realms of reincarnation in Buddhist cosmology

餓鬼道

(Buddhism) a preta: the spirit of a jealous or greedy person who, as punishment for mortal vices, has been cursed with insatiable hunger

(Buddhism) the souls of the dead who languish in oblivion without any surviving relatives to pray for their peace


編曲者

ja-noun

編(へん)曲(きょく)者(しゃ) • (henkyokusha) (counter 人)

編曲者 (canonical)
henkyokusha (romanization)
人 (counter)

[hẽ̞ŋʲkʲo̞kɯ̟ᵝɕa̠]


作詞家

作詞家 (canonical)
sakushika (romanization)
人 (counter)


活火山

活(かっ)火(か)山(ざん) or 活火山(かつかざん) • (kakkazan or katsukazan) ^(←くわつくわざん (kwatukwazan)?)

活火山 (canonical)
活火山 (canonical)
kakkazan (romanization)
katsukazan (romanization)
kwatukwazan (romanization)
くわつくわざん (hiragana historical)


小指

日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ w:ja:日本大百科全書


作詞者

作(さく)詞(し)者(しゃ) • (sakushisha) (counter 人)

作詞者 (canonical)
sakushisha (romanization)
人 (counter)


するめ

するめ (canonical)
スルメ (canonical)
surume (romanization)
するめ (hiragana historical)

→ English: surume

→ Korean: 수루매 (surumae)

[sɨᵝɾɯ̟ᵝme̞]

Dried shredded squid
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Wamyō Ruijushō
ja:スルメ

Unknown.
The oldest sense when first attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 is squid, apparently in reference to the Japanese flying squid commonly used after being dried. By 1334, the sense shifted to refer to the dried foodstuff.
The "dried squid" sense is now the most common, while the "type of squid" sense is often expressed using the term 鯣烏賊 (surume ika) instead.

dried squid or dried cuttlefish used for food, vaguely similar to jerky


簡体字

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 簡體字／简体字 (jiǎntǐzì).

zh-l

簡體字／简体字 (jiǎntǐzì)

Simplified Chinese character(s); Simplified Chinese


清涼飲料

清涼飲料 (canonical)
seiryōinryō (romanization)

[se̞ːɾʲo̞ːĩnɾʲo̞ː]

清涼飲料水 清涼飲料水#Japanese

Short for 清涼飲料水 (seiryou inryousui): soft drink


両生類

両生類 (canonical)
ryōseirui (romanization)

[ɾʲo̞ːse̞ːɾɯ̟ᵝi]

(biology) amphibia, amphibians, amphibian


弁護士

→ Hakka: 辯護士／辩护士 (phien-fu-sṳ)

→ Jeju: 벤호사 (benhosa)

→ Korean: 변호사 (byeonhosa)

desc

→ Min Nan: 辯護士／辩护士 (piān-hō͘-sū, piǎn-hō͘-sǐr)

→ Mandarin: (Taiwan, dated) 辯護士／辩护士 (biànhùshì)

ニューヨーク弁護士

外国法事務弁護士

foreign legal consultant; foreign attorney admitted to the Japanese bar


会長

ja-noun

会(かい)長(ちょう) • (kaichō) ^(←くわいちやう (kwaityau)?)

会長 (canonical)
kaichō (romanization)
kwaityau (romanization)
くわいちやう (hiragana historical)

会 (kai, “group; society”) + 長 (-chō, “head”)

suf

おやっ 会長 レナードとハーンズですか？

1990 June 25 [1990 February 17], George Morikawa, “Round ２ カメ作戦 [Round 2: The Turtle Strategy]”, in はじめの一歩 THE FIGHTING! (はじめの一歩 THE FIGHTING!) [The First Step: THE FIGHTING!], 3rd edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, page 68

Hey, chief. You’re watching Leonard and Hearns?

(of a committee, company, society, etc.) a chairman; a president


社長

ja-noun

社(しゃ)長(ちょう) • (shachō) ^(←しやちやう (syatyau)?)

社長 (canonical)
shachō (romanization)
syatyau (romanization)
しやちやう (hiragana historical)

(business) president; CEO; executive director


聴覚音声学

ちょうかく おんせいがく

聴(ちょう)覚(かく)音(おん)声(せい)学(がく) • (chōkaku onseigaku)

聴覚音声学 (canonical)
chōkaku onseigaku (romanization)


調音部位

調音部位 (canonical)
chōon bui (romanization)

place of articulation
place of articulation

調音位置

調音位置 ちょうおんいち


聴覚

聴覚器官

聴覚器官 ちょうかくきかん

聴覚障害者

聴覚障害者 ちょうかくしょうがいしゃ


市長

市(し)長(ちょう) • (shichō) ^(←しちやう (sityau)?)

市長 (canonical)
shichō (romanization)
sityau (romanization)
しちやう (hiragana historical)

From 市 (shi, “city”) + 長 (-chō, “head”).


調音音声学

ちょうおん おんせいがく

調(ちょう)音(おん)音(おん)声(せい)学(がく) • (chōon onseigaku) ^(←てうおんおんせいがく (teuon onseigaku)?)

調音音声学 (canonical)
chōon onseigaku (romanization)
teuon onseigaku (romanization)
てうおんおんせいがく (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕo̞ːõ̞ɰ̃ õ̞ɰ̃se̞ːɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]


音声記号

音声記号 (canonical)
onseikigō (romanization)

[õ̞ɰ̃se̞ːkʲiɡo̞ː]

From 音(おん)声(せい) (onsei, “speech”) + 記(き)号(ごう) (kigō, “symbol”).

ja-compound

発音記号

発音記号 はつおんきごう


調音位置

調音位置 (canonical)
chōon ichi (romanization)

From 調音(ちょうおん) (chōon, “articulation”) + 位置(いち) (ichi, “position”).

調音部位

調音部位 ちょうおんぶい


魚類

From 魚 (gyo, “fish”) + 類 (rui, “class or order”).

com

軟骨魚類

軟骨魚類 なんこつぎょるい


国際音声記号

ja-pos

こくさい おんせい きごう

こくさい おんせい きがう

国(こく)際(さい)音(おん)声(せい)記(き)号(ごう) • (Kokusai Onsei Kigō) ^(←こくさいおんせいきがう (kokusai onsei kigau)?)

国際音声記号 (canonical)
Kokusai Onsei Kigō (romanization)
kokusai onsei kigau (romanization)
こくさいおんせいきがう (hiragana historical)

[ko̞kɯ̟ᵝsa̠i õ̞ɰ̃se̞ː kʲiɡo̞ː]

International Phonetic Alphabet
International Phonetic Alphabet

(phonetics) International Phonetic Alphabet


音声学

音声学 (canonical)
onseigaku (romanization)

[õ̞ɰ̃se̞ːɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

音声 (onsei, “sound”) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy; -graphy”)

suf

Coordinate term: 音韻論


ホルモン

[ho̞ɾɯ̟ᵝmõ̞ɴ]

Borrowed from German Hormon.
The sense “offal” originated from the names of some Taishō era cuisines that supposedly promote human health by "affecting hormones". Relation to the phrase "放(ほう)るもん (hōru mon, literally “things to throw away”)" is a folk etymology.

ja-r

(cooking) offal, pig or cow entrails utilized as food


抗体

抗体 (canonical)
kōtai (romanization)
kautai (romanization)
かうたい (hiragana historical)

From 抗 (kō-, “anti-”) + 体 (tai, “body”).


音声器官

ja-noun

音(おん)声(せい)器(き)官(かん) • (onsei kikan) ^(←おんせいきくわん (onsei kikwan)?)

音声器官 (canonical)
onsei kikan (romanization)
onsei kikwan (romanization)
おんせいきくわん (hiragana historical)

[õ̞ɰ̃se̞ː kʲikã̠ɴ]

Compound of 音(おん)声(せい) (onsei, “speech sound, voice”) + 器(き)官(かん) (kikan, “organ”)。


エルジャ語

エルジャ語 (canonical)
Erujago (romanization)


部長

[bɯ̟ᵝt͡ɕo̞ː]

A department chief within a company; analogous to a vice president in an American company.


トンボ

(printing) register mark (marking used to indicate margins, positions for cropping, etc.)


音響音声学

ja-noun

おんきょう おんせいがく

おんきゃう おんせいがく

音(おん)響(きょう)音(おん)声(せい)学(がく) • (onkyō onseigaku) ^(←おんきゃうおんせいがく (onkyau onseigaku)?)

音響音声学 (canonical)
onkyō onseigaku (romanization)
onkyau onseigaku (romanization)
おんきゃうおんせいがく (hiragana historical)

[õ̞ŋʲkʲo̞ː õ̞ɰ̃se̞ːɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]


有声音

Compound of 有声 (yūsei, “voiced”) + 音 (on, “sound”).


汽水

brackish water, the mixture of river water and sea water around the mouth of a river.


無声子音

無声子音 (canonical)
musei shiin (romanization)

有声子音

有声子音 ゆうせいしいん

From 無声(むせい) (musei, “voiceless”) + 子音(しいん) (shiin, “consonant”).


有声子音

有声子音 (canonical)
yūsei shiin (romanization)

From 有声(ゆうせい) (yūsei, “voiced”) + 子音(しいん) (shiin, “consonant”).


有声

Compound of 有 (yū, “to have, possess, own”) + 声 (sei, “voice”).

com

(phonetics) sonant, vocal, phonic; the quality of being voiced

有声子音

有声子音 ゆうせいしいん


恋人

ja-noun

恋(こい)人(びと) • (koibito) ^(←こひびと (kofibito)?)

恋人 (canonical)
koibito (romanization)
kofibito (romanization)
こひびと (hiragana historical)

From 恋(こい) (koi, “love”) + 人(ひと) (hito, “person”). The hito changes to bito as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

ja:恋人
ja:恋人 (タロット)

(tarot) The Lovers, the sixth trump or major arcana card in most traditional Tarot decks


両唇音

ja-noun

両(りょう)唇(しん)音(おん) • (ryōshin'on) ^(←りやうしんおん (ryausin'on)?)

両唇音 (canonical)
ryōshin'on (romanization)
ryausin'on (romanization)
りやうしんおん (hiragana historical)

[ɾʲo̞ːɕĩɰ̃õ̞ɴ]

両 (ryō, “both”) + 唇音 (shin'on, “labial”)


上唇

上唇 (canonical)
uwakuchibiru (romanization)

[ɯ̟ᵝɰᵝa̠kɯ̟ᵝt͡ɕibʲiɾɯ̟ᵝ]


硬口蓋

ja-noun

硬(こう)口(こう)蓋(がい) • (kōkōgai) ^(←かうこうがい (kaukougai)?)

硬口蓋 (canonical)
kōkōgai (romanization)
kaukougai (romanization)
かうこうがい (hiragana historical)

Compound of 硬(こう) (kō-, “hard”) + 口(こう)蓋(がい) (kōgai, “palate”).


歯茎

[ha̠ɡɯ̟ᵝkʲi]

(anatomy) gingiva; gums (flesh round the teeth)


歯茎

[ha̠ɡɯ̟ᵝkʲi]


落語

[ɾa̠kɯ̟ᵝɡo̞]


軟口蓋

[nã̠ŋko̞ːɡa̠i]

Compound of 軟(なん) (nan-, “soft”) + 口(こう)蓋(がい) (kōgai, “palate”).


発音記号

ja-noun

発(はつ)音(おん)記(き)号(ごう) • (hatsuonkigō) ^(←はつおんきがう (fatuonkigau)?)

発音記号 (canonical)
hatsuonkigō (romanization)
fatuonkigau (romanization)
はつおんきがう (hiragana historical)

[ha̠t͡sɨᵝõ̞ŋʲkʲiɡo̞ː]

From 発(はつ)音(おん) (hatsuon, “pronunciation”) + 記(き)号(ごう) (kigō, “symbol”).

ja-compound

音声記号

音声記号 おんせいきごう


火事

火事 (canonical)
kaji (romanization)
kwazi (romanization)
くわじ (hiragana historical)

Old Japanese 火事 (pi₂ no₂ ko₂to₂) (now spelled as 火の事 (hi no koto)), later read with 音読み (on'yomi).


火事

(dialectal, Kagoshima) a fire (damaging occurrence of fire)


帽子

帽子をかぶる。


悪夢

[a̠kɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]

悪夢を見せ、うなされている間に四本もある毒のしっぽを刺す。

1999 March 1, “ナイトメア・スコーピオン [Nightmare Scorpion]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami

It will stab you in your worst nightmare with its four poisonous tails.

Akumu o mise, unasareteiru aida ni yonhon mo aru doku no shippo o sasu.

そいつの名前は 蛭孤 悪(あく)夢(む)を糧とし生きる 「貘」である。
Soitsu no namae wa Hiruko AKUMU o kate toshi ikiru “Baku” de aru.

2002 July 27, Mashiba, Shin, “第壱夜 下リ階段 [Night 1: Downward Stairway]”, in 夢喰見聞 (夢喰見聞) [The Dream-Eating Inspector], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Square Enix, page 5

His name is Hiruko. He feeds on NIGHTMARES. He is a “baku”.


数独

English: sudoku

Danish: sudoku c

Russian: судо́ку n (sudóku)

Shortening of 数字は独身に限る (sūji wa dokushin ni kagiru, “numbers are restricted to being alone”).


運転免許証

ja-noun

うんてん めんきょしょう

運(うん)転(てん)免(めん)許(きょ)証(しょう) • (unten menkyoshō)

運転免許証 (canonical)
unten menkyoshō (romanization)

From 運(うん)転(てん) (unten, “driving”) + 免(めん)許(きょ)証(しょう) (menkyoshō, “license”).

ja-compound

運転免許

運転免許 うんてんめんきょ


統語論

[to̞ːɡo̞ɾõ̞ɴ]

Compound of 統語 (tōgo, “syntax”, less common on its own than synonym 構文 kōbun) + 論 (ron, “theory”).

compound

less common on its own than synonym <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">構文</i> kōbun

(linguistics) syntax (as a field of study), syntactics

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Syntax
ja:松村明
ja:統語論


人工言語

人工言語 (canonical)
jinkō gengo (romanization)

[d͡ʑĩŋko̞ːɡẽ̞ŋɡo̞]

constructed language
constructed language

constructed language, artificial language


お兄さん

お兄さん (canonical)
onii-san (romanization)

[o̞ɲ̟iːsã̠ɴ]

あなたはお兄さんがいますか。


置き時計

置き時計 (canonical)
okidokei (romanization)


トラック

torakku (romanization)
toratuku (romanization)
トラツク (historical katakana)

[to̞ɾa̠k̚kɯ̟ᵝ]

From American English truck. Doublet of トロッコ.

トラック運転手


フォアグラ

[ɸo̞a̠ɡɯ̟ᵝɾa̠]

Borrowed from French foie gras (literally “fat liver”).


唯一

[jɯ̟ᵝiːt͡sɨᵝ]


唯一

[jɯ̟ᵝit͡sɨᵝ]


腕時計

腕(うで) (ude, “arm”) + 時計(とけい) (tokei, “clock, timepiece”)


ダイヤモンド

全身がダイヤモンドでできたドラゴン。まばゆい光で敵の目をくらませる。

2000 July 13, “ダイヤモンド・ドラゴン [Diamond Dragon]”, in Pharaoh’s Servant －ファラオのしもべ－, Konami

A dragon made entirely of diamond. The sparkling light from its body can dazzle enemies.

Zenshin ga daiyamondo de dekita doragon. Mabayui hikari de teki no me o kuramaseru.


無心

(Buddhism) setting free one's mind from distracting thoughts


ケンタウルス

[kẽ̞nta̠ɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝsɨᵝ]

Learned borrowing from Latin centaurus, from Ancient Greek κένταυρος (kéntauros)

ケンタウロス ケンタウロス#Japanese

(Roman mythology) Alternative form of ケンタウロス (kentaurosu, “centaur”)


明けましておめでとう

明けましておめでとう (canonical)
akemashite omedetō (romanization)

Happy New Year, used on and after New Year's Day.


カンラン岩

カンラン岩 (canonical)
kanrangan (romanization)


プラチナ

[pɯ̟ᵝɾa̠t͡ɕina̠]

Borrowed from either Dutch platina, or from Spanish platina.
Replaced by the term 白金 (hakkin) in science.

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:NHK出版
ja:NHK放送文化研究所
ja:松村明


カンラン石

カンラン石 (canonical)
kanranseki (romanization)


曹長石

曹長石 (canonical)
sōchōseki (romanization)


灰長石

灰長石 (canonical)
kaichōseki (romanization)


鉱物油

鉱物油 (canonical)
kōbutsuyu (romanization)


中性長石

ja-noun

中(ちゅう)性(せい)長(ちょう)石(せき) • (chūseichōseki)

中性長石 (canonical)
chūseichōseki (romanization)


鉱物学

鉱(こう)物(ぶつ)学(がく) • (kōbutsugaku) ^(←くわうぶつがく (kwaubutugaku)?)

鉱物学 (canonical)
kōbutsugaku (romanization)
kwaubutugaku (romanization)
くわうぶつがく (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ːbɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

From 鉱物(こうぶつ) (kōbutsu, “mineral”) + 学(がく) (-gaku, “-logy”).


トラクター

[to̞ɾa̠kɯ̟̊ᵝta̠ː]


黒曜石

黒曜石 (canonical)
kokuyōseki (romanization)


子音

ja-noun

子(し)音(いん) or 子(し)音(おん) • (shiin or shion)

子音 (canonical)
子音 (canonical)
shiin (romanization)
shion (romanization)

→ Chinese: 子音 (zǐyīn)

→ Korean: 자음 (ja'eum)

子 (“child”) + 音 (“sound”). From the notion of a mothering vowel mating with a fathering consonant and giving birth to an onsetted mora, according to Meiji-era linguists, as in father /k/ + mother あ (/a/) = child か (/ka/).

Meronyms: 父音 (fuon), 母音 (boon)

子音とは、五十音の中より、五個の母音を除きたる、他の四十五音をいふ。こは、父母兩音の配合して成れるものなれば、その音聲單純ならず。故に、（か……ア）、（き……イ）の如く、聲を長く延くときは、その韻必ず母音に歸するなり。今、こゝに父音と母音と配合して、子音を生ずる順序を示さむ。
Shion to wa, gojūon no naka yori, goko no boon o nozoki taru, hoka no shijūgoon o iu. Kowa, fubo ryōon no haigō shite nareru mono nare ba, sono onsei tanjun narazu. Yue ni, (ka……a), (ki……i) no gotoku, koe o nagaku hiku toki wa, sono in kanarazu boon ni kisuru nari. Ima, koko ni fuon to boon to haigō shite, shion o shōzuru junjo o shimesamu.

1893 March, 宗司 大宮, “第二章 母音 父音 子音 [Chapter 2: Mother Sounds, Father Sounds and Child Sounds]”, in 日本辭林 [A Japanese Dictionary], Tokyo: Hakubunkan, page 6

Excluding the five mother sounds from the fifty sounds, the forty-five remaining sounds are called ‘child sounds’. Since they result from combining father and mother sounds, their quality is not simple. Thus, if the voicing is prolonged, as in (ka……a) or (ki……i), the rhymes always turn back into mother sounds. Now, I shall demonstrate the order in which father sounds and mother sounds combine and bear child sounds.

五十音中、母音外の四十五音を、子音といふ。子音は、母音と、他の一種幽微なる音との、配合して生じたるものにして、その音純ならず。故に、之を長く引きて呼べば、皆、母音にかへらむ。卽ち、カ—ア、キ—イの如し。
Gojūonchū, boongai no shijūgoon o, SHION to iu. Shion wa, boon to, hoka no isshu yūbi naru on to no, haigō shite shōji taru mono ni shite, sono on jun narazu. Yue ni, kore o nagaku hikite yobe ba, mina, boon ni kaeramu. Sunawachi, ka—a, ki—i no gotoshi.

1897 March, “〇子音 [〇Child Sounds]”, in 日本文典 [A Japanese Grammar], 中等學科敎授法硏究會

Among the fifty sounds, the forty-five ones other than the mother sounds are called child sounds. Child sounds are born by mother sounds combined with a sort of subtle sound, and their quality is not pure. That is, if you prolong them, they should turn back into mother sounds, as in, for example ka—a or ki—i.

故に、此の四十五音を、子音と稱し、其のクスツヌフムユル𛄢の如き九音を、父音と稱す。此の父音は、極めて隱微なるものにて、明に聲に發する能はざれど、やゝ、これ等に似たる故に、此の九個の音の文字にて、これを示せるなり。

1897 November, Shioi, Ukō, “第二 子音 [Number 2: Child Sounds]”, in 中學日本文典 [A Middle-School Japanese Grammar], 六盟館, page 3

Thus, the forty-five sounds are called ‘child sounds’, and the nine sounds such as ku, su, tsu, nu, fu, mu, yu, ru and wu are called ‘father sounds’. The father sounds are highly obscure, and even though they can be clearly uttered, they can only be approximated by these nine phonetic characters that sound close to them.

Yue ni, kono shijūgoon o, shion to shōshi, sono ku su tsu nu fu mu yu ru wu no gotoki kuon o, fuon to shōsu. Kono fuon wa, kiwamete inbi naru mono ni te, saya ni koe ni hassuru nō wa zaredo, yaya, korera ni ni taru ni, kono kuko no on no moji ni te, kore o shimeseru nari.

子音は、父音と母音と相合して、生するなり、左の如し

1905 June, 黃山 片岡, “子音 [Child Sounds]”, in 黃山著作集, Saitama: Suharaya, page 14

‘Child sounds’ are born by combining father sounds and mother sounds, as shown on the left page

Shion wa, fuon to boon to aiai site, shōzuru nari, hidari no gotoshi

子音と云ふものはカ行のキクケコ、サ行のシスセソのやうなものであります。子音が父音と母音との爲めに生まれると云ふ事は既に說いて置いた通りでありますが、左の表に依つて明かになるであらうと思ひます。但し表は母音のアだけは省きます。

1912, 淸 榊原, “⑷ 子音 [⑷ Child Sounds]”, in 自習速記術 [Self-Taught Stenography], 以文館, pages 15–16

‘Child sounds’ are letters such as ki, ku, ke and ko of the ka-row or shi, su, se and so of the sa-row. Child sounds are said to be born by father sounds and mother sounds, which I have already explained, so I assume the demonstration on the left chart should be easily understood. Note that the mother sound a is left out of the chart.

Shion to iu mono fa kagyō no ki ku ke ko, sagyō no shi su se so no yō na mono de arimasu. Shion ga fuon to boon to no tame ni umareru to iu koto wa sude ni toite oita tōri de arimasu ga, sa no hō ni yotte akiraka ni naru de arau to omoimasu. Tadashi hō wa boon no a dake wa habukimasu.

(obsolete, phonology) any of the morae with an onset consonant listed on the 五十音図 (gojūonzu, literally “chart of the fifty sounds”), such as か (ka) or し (shi), but not あ (a) or い (i), and not が (ga), じ (ji) or ぱ (pa)

Coordinate term: 母音 (boin)


スクールバス

[sɨ̥ᵝkɯ̟ᵝːɾɯ̟ᵝ ba̠sɨᵝ]

Borrowed from English school bus.
First attested in 1961.

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:スクールバス


日本料理

日(に)本(ほん)料(りょう)理(り) • (Nihon ryōri) ^(←にほんれうり (nifonreuri)?)

日本料理 (canonical)
nifonreuri (romanization)
にほんれうり (hiragana historical)

[ɲ̟ihõ̞n ɾʲo̞ːɾʲi]

From 日本 (Nihon, “Japan”) + 料理 (ryōri, “cuisine”).


金魚掬い

ja-noun

金(きん)魚(ぎょ)掬(すく)い • (kingyosukui) ^(←きんぎよすくひ (kingyosukufi)?)

金魚掬い (canonical)
kingyosukui (romanization)
kingyosukufi (romanization)
きんぎよすくひ (hiragana historical)

[kʲĩŋʲɡʲo̞sɨᵝkɯ̟ᵝi]

From 金魚 (kingyo, “goldfish”) + 掬い (sukui, “scooping”).

compound

a game of scooping goldfish with a paper scooper


母音

→ Chinese: 母音 (mǔyīn)

→ Korean: 모음 (mo'eum)

→ Vietnamese: mẫu âm

母 (“mother”) + 音 (“sound”). From the notion of a mothering vowel mating with a fathering consonant and giving birth to an onsetted mora, according to Meiji-era linguists, as in father /k/ + mother あ (/a/) = child か (/ka/). Compare 字母 (jibo, “letter”, literally “character mother”), 声母 (seibo, “onset”, literally “sound mother”) and 韻母 (inbo, “rhyme”, literally “rime mother”), all of which compare the process of generating words, syllables, etc. from a basic set of segments to motherhood.

Holonym: 子音 (shion)

Coordinate term: 父音 (fuon)

五十音の中、阿行の五音を母音といふ。こは、單純なる音にして、いかに延長して發音するも、（あ……ア）、（い……イ）の如く、その音聲の變ずることなきものなり。
Gojūon no naka, agyō no goon o boon to iu. Kowa, tanjun naru on ni shite, ika ni enchō shite hatsuon suru mo, (a……a), (i……i) no gotoku, sono onsei no henzuru koto naki mono nari.

1893 March, 宗司 大宮, “第二章 母音 父音 子音 [Chapter 2: Mother Sounds, Father Sounds and Child Sounds]”, in 日本辭林 [A Japanese Dictionary], Tokyo: Hakubunkan, pages 5–6

Among the fifty sounds, the five sounds of the a-row are called ‘mother sounds’. They are simple sounds, and however long they are pronounced, as in (a……a) or (i……i), their quality does not change.

五十音を分ちて、母音と、子音との二となす。母音は、單純なる喉音にして、その數五あり、アイウエオ是なり。

1897 March, “〇母音 [〇Mother Sounds]”, in 日本文典 [A Japanese Grammar], 中等學科敎授法硏究會

Dividing the fifty sounds into two groups, there are mother sounds and child sounds. Mother sounds are simple guttural sounds, and there are five of them, namely a, i, u, e and o.

Gojūon o wakachite, BOON to, SHION to no ni to nasu. Boon wa, tanjun naru kōon ni shite, sono kazu go ari, a i u e o kore nari.

この五音は、最も單一なる淸める音にて、これを母音と稱す。

1897 November, Shioi, Ukō, “第一 母音 [Number 1: Mother Sounds]”, in 中學日本文典 [A Middle-School Japanese Grammar], 六盟館, pages 2–3

These five sounds are the simplest clear sounds, and they are called ‘mother sounds’.

Kono goon wa, motto mo tan'itsu kiyomeru on ni te, kore o boon to shōsu.

母音は、吾國語音では、唯一なる喉音である。聲門帶で規律ある顫動を受けたる音が、副管部に共鳴せられて、吾人の耳に聞ゆるものを母音と云ふ。母音は、種々の音色を得るために、口腔內に共鳴されるが、決して或る局部に於て、吾等の聽き得られ、感じ得られる樣の摩擦を生ずるが如きことは無い。若し、有つたならば、其は母音では無くて父音である。此の區別法は、極めて重大おる要件である。後のヤ行ワ行が、頗る母音に近い音であるけれども、父音たることを免れないのは是が爲である。

1902, Hirano, Hidekichi, “第十二章 母 音 [Chapter 12: Vowels]”, in 國語聲音學 [The Phonetics of the National Language], 國光社, pages 53–54

Vowels are the only guttural sounds among the sounds of our language. What are known as vowels are sounds that undergo systematic vibrations at the vocal folds, resonate in the vocal tract, and wind up being heard by our ears. A vowel resonates in the oral cavity in order to achieve its diverse tonal quality, but there must be no such thing as friction that can be heard or felt by us at certain places of articulation. Otherwise, it will not be a vowel, but a consonant. This distinction is of utmost importance. Later when we discuss the ya-row and wa-row, which sound very similar to vowels, this point must be noticed in order to explain the fact that they still contain consonants.

Boon wa, waga kuni goon de wa, yuiitsu naru kōon de aru. Seimontai de kiritsu aru sendō o uke taru on ga, fukukanbu ni kyōmei serarete, gojin no mimi ni kikoyuru mono o boon to iu. Boon wa, shuju no onshoku o eru tame ni, kōkōnai ni kyōmei sareru ga, kesshite aru kyokubu ni oite, warera no kikierare, kanjierareru yō no masatsu o shōzuru ga gotoki koto wa nai. Moshi, atta nara ba, sore wa boon de wa nakute fuon de aru. Kono kubetsuhō wa, kiwamete jūdai oru yōken de aru. Ato no yagyō wagyō ga, sukoburu boon ni chikai on de aru kere do mo, fuon taru koto o manukarenai no wa kore ga tame de aru.

ア、イ、ウ、エ、オの五文字を、母音と云ふ、

1905 June, 黃山 片岡, “母音 [Mother Sounds]”, in 黃山著作集, Saitama: Suharaya, page 14

A, i, u, e, o no gomoji o, boon to iu,
The five letters a, i, u, e and o are called ‘mother sounds’

母音と云ふものはアイウエオの五字、半母音と云ふものはワヰウヱヲの五字を云ふのであります。

1912, 淸 榊原, “⑵ 母音と半母音 [⑵ Mother Sounds and Semi-Mother Sounds]”, in 自習速記術 [Self-Taught Stenography], 以文館, pages 11–12

‘Mother sounds’ are the five letters a, i, u, e and o. ‘Semi-mother sounds’ are the five letters wa, wi, u, we and wo.

Boon to iu mono wa a i u e o no goji, hanboon to iu mono wa wa wi u we wo no goji o iu no de arimasu.

(obsolete, phonology) one of the five morae of the あ行 (agyō, “a-row”), that consists solely of a vowel

Coordinate term: 子音 (shiin)


斜長石

斜長石 (canonical)
shachōseki (romanization)


正長石

正長石 (canonical)
seichōseki (romanization)


石灰岩

ja-noun

石(せっ)灰(かい)岩(がん) • (sekkaigan) ^(←せきくわいがん (sekikwaigan)?)

石灰岩 (canonical)
sekkaigan (romanization)
sekikwaigan (romanization)
せきくわいがん (hiragana historical)


ゼリー

ゼリー • (zerī)


雲母

雲(うん)母(も) or 雲(うん)母(ぼ) or 雲母(きらら) or 雲母(きら) • (unmo or unbo or kirara or kira)

雲母 (canonical)
雲母 (canonical)
雲母 (canonical)
雲母 (canonical)
unmo (romanization)
unbo (romanization)
kirara (romanization)
kira (romanization)


輝安鉱

[kʲiã̠ŋko̞ː]


橄欖石

橄欖石 (canonical)
kanranseki (romanization)

[kã̠nɾã̠ɰ̃se̞kʲi]

From 橄(かん)欖(らん) (kanran, “Burseraceae, torchwood”) + 石(せき) (seki, “stone, rock”).


モーツァルト

[mo̞ːt͡sa̠ɾɯ̟ᵝto̞]

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer


運動

運動する (canonical)
undō suru (romanization)
運動し (stem)
運動した (past)
運動し
うんどうし
undō shi
運動する
うんどうする
undō suru
運動すれ
うんどうすれ
undō sure
運動せよ (imperative literary)
運動しろ (colloquial imperative)
うんどうせよ (imperative literary)
うんどうしろ (colloquial imperative)
undō seyo (imperative literary)
undō shiro (colloquial imperative)
運動される (passive)
うんどうされる (passive)
undō sareru (passive)
運動させる (causative)
運動さす (causative)
うんどうさせる (causative)
うんどうさす (causative)
undō saseru (causative)
undō sasu (causative)
運動できる (potential)
うんどうできる (potential)
undō dekiru (potential)
運動しよう (volitional)
うんどうしよう (volitional)
undō shiyō (volitional)
運動しない (negative)
うんどうしない (negative)
undō shinai (negative)
運動せず (continuative negative)
うんどうせず (continuative negative)
undō sezu (continuative negative)
運動します (formal)
うんどうします (formal)
undō shimasu (formal)
運動した (perfective)
うんどうした (perfective)
undō shita (perfective)
運動して (conjunctive)
うんどうして (conjunctive)
undō shite (conjunctive)
運動すれば (conditional hypothetical)
うんどうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
undō sureba (conditional hypothetical)


旧約聖書

ja-pos

旧(きゅう)約(やく)聖(せい)書(しょ) • (Kyūyaku Seisho) ^(←きうやくせいしょ (kiuyakuseisyo)?)

旧約聖書 (canonical)
Kyūyaku Seisho (romanization)
kiuyakuseisyo (romanization)
きうやくせいしょ (hiragana historical)

旧 (kyū-, “paleo-; old”) + 約 (yaku, “contract”) + 聖書 (Seisho, “Bible”)


刺身

Compound of 刺し (sashi, “sticking into, sticking between; slicing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 刺す sasu, “to stick into”) + 身 (mi, “flesh, meat”). The use of the verb 刺す (sasu) here to mean slice is irregular, and might be due to the kill connotations of the verb 切る (kiru, “to cut, to slice”) during the Muromachi period when this word sashimi first appears.
The term 刺身 (sashimi) is more common in eastern Japan, correlating with 作身 (tsukurimi) in western Japan.

compound

sashimi, a dish of sliced raw fish or meat.


花崗岩

ja-noun

花(か)崗(こう)岩(がん) • (kakōgan) ^(←くわかうがん (kwakaugan)?)

花崗岩 (canonical)
kakōgan (romanization)
kwakaugan (romanization)
くわかうがん (hiragana historical)

[ka̠ko̞ːɡã̠ɴ]


実数

[d͡ʑisːɯ̟ᵝː]

a real number (limit of a convergent sequence of rational numbers)


副大統領

副(ふく)大(だい)統(とう)領(りょう) • (fukudaitōryō) ^(←ふくだいとうりやう (fukudaitouryau)?)

副大統領 (canonical)
fukudaitōryō (romanization)
fukudaitouryau (romanization)
ふくだいとうりやう (hiragana historical)

副 (fuku-, “vice-”) + 大統領 (daitōryō, “president”)


終止形

ja-noun

終(しゅう)止(し)形(けい) • (shūshikei) ^(←しゆうしけい (syuusikei)?)

終止形 (canonical)
shūshikei (romanization)
syuusikei (romanization)
しゆうしけい (hiragana historical)

[ɕɨᵝːɕi̥ke̞ː]

(grammar) an inflectional category; the conclusive form (the form used at the ends of clauses in predicate positions)


命令形

命令形 (canonical)
meireikei (romanization)

[me̞ːɾe̞ːke̞ː]

(grammar) the imperative form; an inflectional category


仮定形

(grammar) a verbal inflectional category; the conditional form. Evolved from the 已然形 (realis form).


引数

[çi̥kʲi̥sɨᵝː]

The reading ひきすう (hikisū) differentiates from 因数 (insū, “factor”)


複素数

[ɸɯ̟̊ᵝkɯ̟ᵝso̞sɨᵝː]


金星人

金星人 (canonical)
kinseijin (romanization)

[kʲĩɰ̃se̞ːʑĩɴ]

金星 (Kinsei, “Venus”) + 人 (-jin, “human”)

suf

(science fiction) a Venusian (inhabitant of Venus)


昆虫学

昆虫学 (canonical)
konchūgaku (romanization)

昆虫 (konchū, “insect”) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy; -graphy”)


枢機卿

ja-noun

枢(すう)機(き)卿(きょう) or 枢機卿(すうきけい) • (sūkikyō or sūkikei)

枢機卿 (canonical)
枢機卿 (canonical)
sūkikyō (romanization)
sūkikei (romanization)

[sɨᵝːkʲikʲo̞ː]


霧雨

霧(きり)雨(さめ) or 霧(きり)雨(あめ) • (kirisame or kiriame)

霧雨 (canonical)
霧雨 (canonical)
kirisame (romanization)
kiriame (romanization)

霧 (kiri, “mist”) + 雨 (ame, same, “rain”)


クリスチャン

[kɯ̟ᵝɾʲisɨᵝt͡ɕã̠ɴ]

キリシタン

generally in reference to the early period of Catholicism in Japan


連体形

連体形 (canonical)
rentaikei (romanization)

Compound of 連体 (rentai, “connecting to an uninflectable word”, where 体 is short for 体言 (taigen, “uninflectable word”)) + 形 (kei, “form”).

compound

(grammar) the attributive form; an inflectional category


火星人

[ka̠se̞ːʑĩɴ]

(science fiction) a Martian (inhabitant of Mars)


ゴスペル

[ɡo̞sɨ̥ᵝpe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Church of England
Daijisen
Michael Buckworth Bailey
ja:松村明

Borrowed from English gospel.
First cited in 1867, in the first edition of the 万国新聞紙 (Bankoku Shinbun-shi, “All-Nations Newspaper”), published by Church of England missionary Michael Buckworth Bailey.
The gospel music sense arose sometime after 1966, the date when full term ゴスペルソング (gosuperu songu) is first attested.

the Gospels: all or any of the first four books of the New Testament, Matthew, Mark, Luke or John

ゴスペルソング ゴスペルソング#Japanese

short for ゴスペルソング (gosuperu songu, “gospel music, gospel song”)


アルゴリズム

[a̠ɾɯ̟ᵝɡo̞ɾʲizɨᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


棒グラフ

棒グラフ (canonical)
bō-gurafu (romanization)

[bo̞ː ɡɯ̟ᵝɾa̠ɸɯ̟ᵝ]

From 棒 (bō, “bar”) + グラフ (gurafu, “graph”).


こぐま座

こぐま座 (canonical)
Kogumaza (romanization)


ツールバー

ja-noun

ツールバー • (tsūrubā)


プロキオン

[pɯ̟ᵝɾo̞kʲiõ̞ɴ]


うさぎ座

うさぎ座 (canonical)
Usagi-Za (romanization)


ツリーリスト

graphical user interface
graphical user interface


こいぬ座

From 小(こ) (ko, “small”) + 犬(いぬ) (inu, “dog”) + 座(ざ) (za, “constellation”).


擬音語

(grammar) an onomatopoeic word, a word that sounds like the sound that it represents; onomatopoeia


風呂

ゲームのキャラがお風呂入るなんておかしいと思う？

2008 October 8, Saki Hasemi with Yabuki, Kentaro, “とらぶる94 とらぶるくえすと２ [TLOVEl 94: TLOVEl Quest 2]”, in ＴｏＬＯＶＥる —とらぶる— [ToLOVEru —TLOVEl—], volume 11 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, page 123

Don’t you think it’s weird that a video game character takes a fancy bath?

Gēmu no kyara ga ofuro hairu nan te okashī to omō?


オリオン座

オリオン座 (canonical)
Orion-za (romanization)

オリオン (“Orion”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


おおぐま座

おおぐま座 (canonical)
Ōgumaza (romanization)

[o̞ːɡɯ̟ᵝma̠za̠]

大 (ō, “big”) + 熊 (kuma, “bear”) + 座 (za, “constellation”)


ケンタウルス座

ケンタウルス座 (canonical)
Kentaurusu-za (romanization)

[kẽ̞nta̠ɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝsɨᵝza̠]

ケンタウルス (kentaurusu, “centaur”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


はくちょう座

はくちょう座 (canonical)
Hakuchōza (romanization)

[ha̠kɯ̟̊ᵝt͡ɕo̞ːza̠]

白鳥 (hakuchō, “swan”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


おうし座

おうし座 (canonical)
Oushiza (romanization)
wousiza (romanization)
をうしざ (hiragana historical)

[o̞ɯ̟ᵝɕiza̠]

牡牛 (oushi, “bull”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


文法

ja-noun

文(ぶん)法(ぽう) • (bunpō) ^(←ぶんぱふ (bunpafu)?)

文法 (canonical)
bunpō (romanization)
bunpafu (romanization)
ぶんぱふ (hiragana historical)

[bɯ̟̃ᵝmpo̞ː]


円周

円(えん)周(しゅう) • (enshū) ^(←ゑんしう (wensiu)?)

円周 (canonical)
enshū (romanization)
wensiu (romanization)
ゑんしう (hiragana historical)


ディスプレイ

(computing) display (computer display, cathode ray tube or LCD...)


メニュー

メニュー • (menyū)


グラフ理論

グラフ理論 (canonical)
gurafu riron (romanization)

[ɡɯ̟ᵝɾa̠ɸɯ̟ᵝ ɾʲiɾõ̞ɴ]

グラフ (gurafu, “graph”) + 理論 (riron, “theory”), calque of English graph theory


擬態語

(grammar) an ideophone; a word the sound of which represents something inaudible, a non-auditory sensation, or a psychological state, phenomime


白色矮星

白色矮星 (canonical)
hakushokuwaisei (romanization)


携帯電話

携帯電話 (canonical)
keitaidenwa (romanization)

→ Korean: 휴대전화 (hyudaejeonhwa)

[ke̞ːta̠idẽ̞ɰ̃ɰᵝa̠]

Literally “handheld (portable) phone”.
Compound of 携帯 (keitai, “handheld”) and 電話 (denwa, “telephone”).

(mobile telephony) cellular phone, mobile phone, cell phone


ウィンドウ

ja-noun

ウィンドウ • (windō)

(computing) a window, part of software's graphical user interface


福音書

福音書 (canonical)
fukuinsho (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟̊ᵝkɯ̟ᵝĩɰ̃ɕo̞]

From 福音 (fukuin, “good news”) + 書 (-sho, “book”).


冬の大三角形

ja-pos

^ふゆ の ^だいさんかくけい

^ふゆ の ^だいさんかっけい

冬(ふゆ)の大(だい)三(さん)角(かく)形(けい) or 冬(ふゆ)の大三角形(だいさんかっけい) • (Fuyu no Daisankakukei or Fuyu no Daisankakkei)

冬の大三角形 (canonical)
冬の大三角形 (canonical)
Fuyu no Daisankakukei (romanization)
Fuyu no Daisankakkei (romanization)

From 冬 (“winter”) + 大 (“large, great”) + 三角形 (“triangle”).

(uranography) Winter Triangle - a bright asterism of the northern winter sky. Its corners are the stars Betelgeuse, Procyon, and Sirius.

夏の大三角形

大三角形 だいさんかくけい


カーソル

[ka̠ːso̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Borrowed from Latin cursor. Originally used to refer to the cursors found on slide rules and other measuring instruments; later expanded to include the digital sense of English cursor.


ポケモン

desc

→ Arabic: بوكيمون

→ Arabic: بوكيمون

→ Belarusian: Покемон (Pokjemon)

→ English: Pokémon

→ Greek: Πόκεμον (Pókemon)

→ Hebrew: פוקימון

→ Hebrew: פוקימון

→ Hindi: पोकेमोन (pokemon)

→ Korean: 포켓몬 (pokenmon)

→ Mandarin: 寶可夢／宝可梦 (Bǎokèmèng)

→ Cantonese: 寶可夢／宝可梦 (bou² ho² mung⁶)

→ Russian: Покемон (Pokemon)

→ Tamil: போகெமொன் (pōkemoṉ)

→ Thai: โปเกมอน

→ Thai: โปเกมอน

→ Telugu: పోకెమొన్ (pōkemon)

→ Urdu: پوکیمون (pokemon)

→ Ukrainian: Покемон (Pokemon)

ポケットモンスター ポケットモンスター#Japanese

Clipping of ポケットモンスター (Poketto Monsutā, “Pocket Monster”); a Pokémon


赤色矮星

赤色矮星 (canonical)
sekishokuwaisei (romanization)


おおいぬ座

大 (ō, “big”) + 犬 (inu, “dog”) + 座 (za, “constellation”)


ダイヤ

ja:ダイヤ
ja:ダイヤ (シンボル)

そして現場にあったダイヤのＫ これはジュリアスシーザーを表しているのです

2001 March 10 [1998 December 16], Motohiro Katou, “ミネルヴァの梟 [Owl of Minerva]”, in Ｑ.Ｅ.Ｄ. 証明終了 (Ｑ.Ｅ.Ｄ. 証明終了) [Q.E.D. Quod Erat Demonstrandum], 9th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, page 103

Therefore the king of diamonds at the crime scene represents Julius Caesar

Soshite genba ni atta daiya no kingu kore wa Juriasu Shīzā o arawashiteiru no desu


石綿

Compound of 石 (ishi, “stone”) + 綿 (wata, “cotton, batting”).
The first appearance of this term is unknown. The material was known in Japan at least as early as 1764, when Rangaku scholar Hiraga Gennai had asbestos cloth created based on Chinese techniques. However, he called this cloth 火浣布 (kakanpu, literally “fire + wash + cloth”).


石綿

May be a borrowing from Middle Chinese compound 石綿／石绵 (dzyek miɛn, literally “stone + wool, cotton”). Compare modern Cantonese 石棉 (sek⁶ min⁴).
Alternatively, may have been coined in Japan as a wasei kango (和製漢語) from Middle Chinese-derived elements as a compound of 石 (seki, “stone”) + 綿 (men, “cotton, batting”).


直交座標

直交座標 (canonical)
chokkōzahyō (romanization)

Cartesian coordinates
Cartesian coordinates


二神教

二神教 (canonical)
nishinkyō (romanization)

(religion) ditheism (a belief in two gods)


天の川

ja-pos

天(あま)の川(がわ) • (Amanogawa) ^(←あまのがは (Amanogafa)?)

天の川 (canonical)
Amanogawa (romanization)
Amanogafa (romanization)
あまのがは (hiragana historical)

From 天 (ama, “heaven”) + の (no, possessive/attributive particle) + 川 (kawa, “river”).

af

(folklore) the Milky Way (where Orihime could meet Hikoboshi on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month)

(astronomy) Synonym of 銀河系 (Gingakei, “Milky Way”)


天の川

ja-pos

天(てん)の川(かわ) • (Ten no Kawa) ^(←てんのかは (Ten no Kafa)?)

天の川 (canonical)
Ten no Kawa (romanization)
Ten no Kafa (romanization)
てんのかは (hiragana historical)

From 天 (ten, “heaven”) + の (no, possessive/attributive particle) + 川 (kawa, “river”).


マルタ語

マルタ語 (canonical)
Marutago (romanization)


北極星

北極星 (canonical)
Hokkyokusei (romanization)

[ho̞k̚ʲkʲo̞kɯ̟ᵝse̞ː]

(astronomy) the North Star, Pole Star, Polaris


図形

明鏡国語辞典 w:ja:明鏡国語辞典


褐色矮星

ja-noun

褐(かっ)色(しょく)矮(わい)星(せい) • (kasshokuwaisei)

褐色矮星 (canonical)
kasshokuwaisei (romanization)


立体

立体化学

立体化学 りったいかがく


南十字星

ja-pos

^みなみ-^じゅうじ-せい

南(みなみ)十(じゅう)字(じ)星(せい) • (Minami-Jūji-sei)

南十字星 (canonical)
Minami-Jūji-sei (romanization)

オーストラリア
【国旗】
ユニオン・ジャックは英連邦の一員を、大星は６つの州とタスマニア島を、５つの小星は南十字星を表す。
Ōsutoraria
【Kokki】
Yunion Jakku wa Eirenpō no ichiin o, daisei wa muttsu no shū to Tasumania-tō o, itsutsu no shōsei wa Minami-Jūji-sei o arawasu.
Australia

Hidekaz Himaruya, “ヘタリアと愉快な仲間たち [Hetalia and Blissful Friends]”, in Axis Powers ヘタリア [Axis Powers Hetalia], volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Gentosha, page 21

[National flag]
The Union Jack is for membership of the Commonwealth, the big star for the 6 states and the island of Tasmania, and the 5 small stars for the Southern Cross.


正方形

(geometry) regular square, regular tetragon


行列

ja-noun

行(ぎょう)列(れつ) • (gyōretsu) ^(←ぎやうれつ (gyauretu)?)

行列 (canonical)
gyōretsu (romanization)
gyauretu (romanization)
ぎやうれつ (hiragana historical)

[ɡʲo̞ːɾe̞t͡sɨᵝ]

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 行列 (MC haeng ljet). First attested in Japanese in 749.
The date of the mathematical sense is uncertain. Matrices for calculation were long known in Chinese mathematics, and were used to solve systems of linear equations in the work 九章算術／九章算术 (“The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art”), compiled from the 10th through the 2nd centuries BCE. The component terms 行 and 列 (liè) are both used in that text, but not in the particular combination of 行列 (hángliè) (see also Wikisource). The first Japanese work on this aspect of mathematics was a 1683 text by 関孝和 (Seki Takakazu), but it is not yet clear if this text includes the term 行列 (gyōretsu) with the sense of matrix.


蒸発

[d͡ʑo̞ːha̠t͡sɨᵝ]


蒸発

蒸発する (canonical)
jōhatsu suru (romanization)
蒸発し (stem)
蒸発した (past)
蒸発し
じょうはつし
jōhatsu shi
蒸発する
じょうはつする
jōhatsu suru
蒸発すれ
じょうはつすれ
jōhatsu sure
蒸発せよ (imperative literary)
蒸発しろ (colloquial imperative)
じょうはつせよ (imperative literary)
じょうはつしろ (colloquial imperative)
jōhatsu seyo (imperative literary)
jōhatsu shiro (colloquial imperative)
蒸発される (passive)
じょうはつされる (passive)
jōhatsu sareru (passive)
蒸発させる (causative)
蒸発さす (causative)
じょうはつさせる (causative)
じょうはつさす (causative)
jōhatsu saseru (causative)
jōhatsu sasu (causative)
蒸発できる (potential)
じょうはつできる (potential)
jōhatsu dekiru (potential)
蒸発しよう (volitional)
じょうはつしよう (volitional)
jōhatsu shiyō (volitional)
蒸発しない (negative)
じょうはつしない (negative)
jōhatsu shinai (negative)
蒸発せず (continuative negative)
じょうはつせず (continuative negative)
jōhatsu sezu (continuative negative)
蒸発します (formal)
じょうはつします (formal)
jōhatsu shimasu (formal)
蒸発した (perfective)
じょうはつした (perfective)
jōhatsu shita (perfective)
蒸発して (conjunctive)
じょうはつして (conjunctive)
jōhatsu shite (conjunctive)
蒸発すれば (conditional hypothetical)
じょうはつすれば (conditional hypothetical)
jōhatsu sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[d͡ʑo̞ːha̠t͡sɨᵝ]

(figuratively) of a person, to suddenly disappear


熊手

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:松村明

Compound of 熊 (kuma, “bear”) + 手 (te, “hand”). The te changes to de as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Appears in texts since 1185.

a harrow

larger version pulled by livestock or a tractor

a rake (garden tool), made of various materials; stylized and decorated bamboo rakes are also used as good luck charms for businesses (from the sense of gathering good fortune towards the user)

(historical) a weapon similar in shape to a gardening rake, used to catch and unseat an opponent on horseback

(by analogy from the sense of a tool used to gather something toward the user) an extremely greedy person


北斗七星

ja-pos

北(ほく)斗(と)七(しち)星(せい) • (Hokuto Shichisei)

北斗七星 (canonical)
Hokuto Shichisei (romanization)


Z軸

Z軸 (canonical)
zetto-jiku (romanization)


三角形

三角形 (canonical)
sankakukei (romanization)
さんかっけい (alternative hiragana)
sankakkei (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)
さんかくけい (alternative hiragana historical)

[sã̠ŋka̠kɯ̟̊ᵝke̞ː]

[sã̠ŋka̠kɯ̟ᵝke̞ː]


ソート

ja-noun

ソート • (sōto)


ソート

ソートする (canonical)
sōto suru (romanization)
ソートし (stem)
ソートした (past)
ソートし
sōto shi
ソートする
sōto suru
ソートすれ
sōto sure
ソートせよ (imperative literary)
ソートしろ (colloquial imperative)
sōto seyo (imperative literary)
sōto shiro (colloquial imperative)
ソートされる (passive)
sōto sareru (passive)
ソートさせる (causative)
ソートさす (causative)
sōto saseru (causative)
sōto sasu (causative)
ソートできる (potential)
sōto dekiru (potential)
ソートしよう (volitional)
sōto shiyō (volitional)
ソートしない (negative)
sōto shinai (negative)
ソートせず (continuative negative)
sōto sezu (continuative negative)
ソートします (formal)
sōto shimasu (formal)
ソートした (perfective)
sōto shita (perfective)
ソートして (conjunctive)
sōto shite (conjunctive)
ソートすれば (conditional hypothetical)
sōto sureba (conditional hypothetical)


多角形

多角形(たかっけい) or 多角形(たかくけい) • (takakkei or takakukei)

多角形 (canonical)
多角形 (canonical)
takakkei (romanization)
takakukei (romanization)

平行四辺形: parallelogram

平行四辺形 へいこうしへんけい


ナワトル語

ナワトル語 (canonical)
Nawatorugo (romanization)


マウス

Computer mouse
Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Mouse
ja:NHK出版
ja:NHK放送文化研究所
ja:マウス
ja:松村明

Borrowed from German Maus, English mouse.


巻雲

巻(けん)雲(うん) or 巻(まき)雲(ぐも) • (ken'un or makigumo)

巻雲 (canonical)
巻雲 (canonical)
ken'un (romanization)
makigumo (romanization)

[kẽ̞ɰ̃ɯ̟̃ᵝɴ]

From 巻 (ken, maki, “roll”) + 雲 (un, kumo, “cloud”).


一神教

ja-noun

一(いっ)神(しん)教(きょう) • (isshinkyō) ^(←いつしんけう (itusinkeu)?)

一神教 (canonical)
isshinkyō (romanization)
itusinkeu (romanization)
いつしんけう (hiragana historical)

[iɕːĩŋʲkʲo̞ː]

From 一 (itsu-, “mono-; uni-”) + 神 (shin, “god”) + 教 (-kyō, “religion”).


ジャム

jam; jelly; a sweet mixture of fruit boiled with sugar


健康

健康 (canonical)
kenkō (romanization)
kenkau (romanization)
けんかう (hiragana historical)


玉葱

玉葱 (canonical)
玉葱 (canonical)
tamanegi (romanization)

→ Amis: tamaniki

→ Korean: 다마네기 (damanegi)


ぎょうざ

ぎょうざ • (gyōza)


角錐

[ka̠kɯ̟̊ᵝsɨᵝi]

a pyramid (in geometry, a solid with triangular lateral faces and a polygonal base)


棘皮動物

棘(きょく)皮(ひ)動(どう)物(ぶつ) • (kyokuhi dōbutsu)

棘皮動物 (canonical)
kyokuhi dōbutsu (romanization)

[kʲo̞kɯ̟ᵝçido̞ːbɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

棘(きょく) (kyoku, “thorn”) + 皮(ひ) (hi, “skin”) + 動物(どうぶつ) (dōbutsu, “animal”); calque of translingual Echinodermata, from Ancient Greek ἐχῖνος (ekhînos, “hedgehog, sea urchin”) + δέρμα (dérma, “skin”).


芥子色

芥子色 (canonical)
karashi-iro (romanization)

芥子(からし) (karashi, “mustard”) + 色(いろ) (iro, “color”)


アゼルバイジャン語

アゼルバイジャン語 (canonical)
Azerubaijan-Go (romanization)

アゼルバイジャン + 語 (“language”)

suffix

アゼルバイジャン + 語 (“language”)


スロベニア語

スロベニア語 (canonical)
surobeniago (romanization)

[sɨᵝɾo̞be̞ɲ̟ia̠ɡo̞]


多神教

ja-noun

多(た)神(しん)教(きょう) • (tashinkyō) ^(←たしんけう (tasinkeu)?)

多神教 (canonical)
tashinkyō (romanization)
tasinkeu (romanization)
たしんけう (hiragana historical)

[ta̠ɕĩŋʲkʲo̞ː]

From 多 (ta-, “poly-; multi-”) + 神 (shin, “god”) + 教 (-kyō, “religion”).


ロース肉

ロース肉 (canonical)
rōsu niku (romanization)


ベトナム人

ベトナム人 (canonical)
Betonamu-jin (romanization)


ポン酢

→ English: ponzu

→ Spanish: ponzu

/ponsu/ → /ponzu/
A shift in pronunciation from earlier ポンス (ponsu), borrowed from Dutch pons (“punch”, obsolete, superseded by punch). The use of the 酢 kanji is an example of ateji.

bor

obsolete, superseded by <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">punch</i>

ponzu: a sour citrus-based sauce usually made from the juice of the 橙(だいだい) (daidai), an Asian variety of bitter orange, mixed with soy sauce


豆乳

ja-noun

豆(とう)乳(にゅう) • (tōnyū)

[to̞ːɲ̟ɯ̟ᵝː]


ビーフ

ビーフ • (bīfu)


ギルバート語

ギルバート語 (canonical)
Girubātogo (romanization)


ロリコン

→ English: lolicon

→ French: lolicon

→ Hebrew: לוליקון (lulikón)

→ Korean: 로리콘 (rorikon)

→ Mandarin: 蘿莉控／萝莉控 (luólìkòng)

→ Russian: лолико́н (lolikón)

→ Ukrainian: лоліко́н (lolikón)

[ɾo̞ɾʲikõ̞ɴ]

Clipping of ロリータ・コンプレックス (“Lolita complex”), from the Vladimir Nabokov novel Lolita and English complex (not from English Lolita complex, which comes from the Japanese term). Compare ショタコン (“Shōtarō complex, attraction to young boys”), マザコン (“mother complex, Oedipus complex”).

clipping

ロリータ・コンプレックス

ロリコンが性の問題であるからには、そこに何がしかの闘争性が見られなければならない。

1991, Shōji Kitagawa, Satsujin Hyōron [Critique of Manslaughter], page 108

Because lolicon is a sexual problem, we must look for some conflict of that nature.

Rorikon ga sei no mondai dearu kara ni wa, soko ni nanigashi ka no tōsō sei ga mirarenakerebanaranai.

(informal) lolicon
sexual attraction to young girls

でも——可愛いですね このジンガイのガキ
Demo—— kawaii desu ne kono jingai no gaki
However— this foreign kid’s pretty cute, don’t ya think
チッ ロリコンが
Chi' rorikon ga

2000 August 10, Yūma Andō with Asaki, Masashi, “BREAK.39 痛恨の国光‥ [Break 39: When Kunimitsu Has Remorse...]”, in サイコメトラーEIJI [Psychometrer Eiji], volume 24 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha

one who is sexually attracted to young girls


四角形

四角形 (canonical)
shikakukei (romanization)
しかっけい (alternative hiragana)
shikakkei (Rōmaji)
しかくけい (hiragana historical)

[ɕi̥ka̠kɯ̟̊ᵝke̞ː]

[ɕi̥ka̠kɯ̟ᵝke̞ː]

a quadrilateral (polygon having four sides)


ソーセージ

ja-noun

ソーセージ • (sōsēji)


お好み焼き

お好み焼き (canonical)
okonomiyaki (romanization)

Compound of お (o, honorific prefix) + 好み (konomi, “preference”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 好む konomu, “to like, to prefer”) + 焼き (yaki, “grilling, frying, roasting”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 焼く yaku, “to grill, to fry, to roast”). Literally “grilling to your liking”.

compound

okonomiyaki: a Japanese style of savoury pan-fried thick pancake including a mixture of vegetables and beef, pork, or seafood

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Okonomiyaki
ja:お好み焼き
ja:松村明


ケーキ

ja-noun

ケーキ • (kēki)


生姜

生(しょう)姜(きょう) • (shōkyō)

生姜末

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

Zingiber officinale
Zingiber officinale#Translingual

(alternative medicine, herbs) ginger root (rhizome of Zingiber officinale used as herbal medicine)


肉類

[ɲ̟ikɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝi]


脊椎動物

脊(せき)椎(つい)動(どう)物(ぶつ) • (sekitsui dōbutsu)

脊椎動物 (canonical)
sekitsui dōbutsu (romanization)

無脊椎動物

無脊椎動物 むせきついどうぶつ

[se̞kʲi̥t͡sɨᵝi do̞ːbɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

脊椎(せきつい) (sekitsui, “spine”) + 動物(どうぶつ) (dōbutsu, “animal”).
First appeared in the 斯魯斯氏講義動物学 [Suroisu-shi kōgi dōbutsugaku], 1874:
:脊(せき)椎(つい)動(どう)物(ぶつ) アニマリア、フヱルテブラータ
Sekitsui dōbutsu Animaria, Fueruteburāta
Sekitsui dōbutsu [vertebrate]: Animalia, Vertebrata

ja-x

脊%椎 動%物　アニマリア、フヱルテブラータ

^せき%つい どう%ぶつ　^アニマリア、^フヱルテブラータ

Sekitsui dōbutsu 􂀿vertebrate􂁀: Animalia, Vertebrata


バジル

Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum basilicum#Translingual


ブーケガルニ

bouquet garni (a mixture of herbs or dried herbs placed in a small bag)


黒コショウ

黒コショウ (canonical)
kurokoshō (romanization)


白コショウ

白コショウ (canonical)
shirokoshō (romanization)


白こしょう

白こしょう (canonical)
shirokoshō (romanization)


黒こしょう

黒こしょう (canonical)
kurokoshō (romanization)


エレクトーン

(music) electone (a kind of electric piano)


野球

野球 (canonical)
yakyū (romanization)
yakiu (romanization)
やきう (hiragana historical)

→ Hakka: 野球 (yâ-khiù)

→ Korean: 야구 (yagu)

→ Marshallese: iakiu

→ Min Nan: 野球 (iá-kiû)

や、やめろ！やめてくれ……勝つためだけに野球をやってるんじゃない……友達を…一生の友達を……

2007 July 23, Mitsuru Adachi with Buronson, “白い夏 [White Summer]”, in SHORT PROGRAM (SHORT PROGRAM) [SHORT PROGRAM], volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, pages 193–194

St-Stop, you two! Just stop... Baseball isn’t all about winning... It’s where you make friends... the best friends in your life...

Ya, yamero! Yamete kure…… Katsu tame dake ni yakyū o yatterun ja nai…… Tomodachi o… Isshō no tomodachi o……


黒胡椒

黒胡椒 (canonical)
kurokoshō (romanization)


フルート

[ɸɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝːto̞]


クラリネット

[kɯ̟ᵝɾa̠ɾʲine̞t̚to̞]


ハーブ

ja-noun

ハーブ • (hābu)


バスーン

バスーン • (basūn)


サクソフォン

[sa̠kɯ̟̊ᵝso̞ɸõ̞ɴ]


ウクレレ

[ɯ̟ᵝkɯ̟ᵝɾe̞ɾe̞]

Borrowed from American English ukulele, ultimately from Hawaiian ʻukulele.


バイオリン

[ba̠io̞ɾʲĩɴ]


トロンボーン

[to̞ɾõ̞mbõ̞ːɴ]

From English trombone, from Italian trombone.


雲丹

雲丹 (canonical)
uni (romanization)
うんたん (alternative hiragana)
untan (Rōmaji)

the food made from the roe of sea urchin, hurcheon


マクロファージ

[ma̠kɯ̟ᵝɾo̞ɸa̠ːʑi]

Internationalism; see English macrophage.


遊泳

遊泳する (canonical)
yūei suru (romanization)
遊泳し (stem)
遊泳した (past)
遊泳し
ゆうえいし
yūei shi
遊泳する
ゆうえいする
yūei suru
遊泳すれ
ゆうえいすれ
yūei sure
遊泳せよ (imperative literary)
遊泳しろ (colloquial imperative)
ゆうえいせよ (imperative literary)
ゆうえいしろ (colloquial imperative)
yūei seyo (imperative literary)
yūei shiro (colloquial imperative)
遊泳される (passive)
ゆうえいされる (passive)
yūei sareru (passive)
遊泳させる (causative)
遊泳さす (causative)
ゆうえいさせる (causative)
ゆうえいさす (causative)
yūei saseru (causative)
yūei sasu (causative)
遊泳できる (potential)
ゆうえいできる (potential)
yūei dekiru (potential)
遊泳しよう (volitional)
ゆうえいしよう (volitional)
yūei shiyō (volitional)
遊泳しない (negative)
ゆうえいしない (negative)
yūei shinai (negative)
遊泳せず (continuative negative)
ゆうえいせず (continuative negative)
yūei sezu (continuative negative)
遊泳します (formal)
ゆうえいします (formal)
yūei shimasu (formal)
遊泳した (perfective)
ゆうえいした (perfective)
yūei shita (perfective)
遊泳して (conjunctive)
ゆうえいして (conjunctive)
yūei shite (conjunctive)
遊泳すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ゆうえいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
yūei sureba (conditional hypothetical)


タンバリン

[tã̠mba̠ɾʲĩɴ]

From English tambourine, from French tambourin.


コントラバス

contrabass; double bass; bass (musical instrument)

Daijirin
Daijisen
Double bass
ja:コントラバス
ja:松村明


鉄琴

[te̞k̚ʲkʲĩɴ]


楽器

楽器 (canonical)
gakki (romanization)
gakuki (romanization)
がくき (hiragana historical)


胡弓

kokyū (Japanese bowed lute with three or four strings)


百合

百合 (canonical)
百合 (canonical)
yuri (romanization)

→ English: yuri

→ Chinese: 百合 (bǎihé, “yuri”)

desc

→ Korean: 백합(百合) (baekhap, “yuri”), 유리 (yuri, “yuri”)

→ Russian: ю́ри (júri)

→ Ukrainian: ю́рі (júri)

Probably the nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 揺る (yuru, “to sway, to swing, to wave back and forth”), from the way that lilies tend to grow tall and sway in the breeze.
The spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 百合 (bǎihé), indicating the way that lily bulbs cluster together—合わす (awasu, “to gather, combine”)—in large numbers, as in 百 (hyaku, literally “hundred”).
For information on the slang for homosexuality, see Yuri (genre).

笹百合

Japanese or bamboo lily (Lilium japonicum)


脳細胞

脳(のう) (nō, “brain”) + 細(さい)胞(ぼう) (saibō, “cell”).


香辛料

香辛料 (canonical)
kōshinryō (romanization)

[ko̞ːɕĩnɾʲo̞ː]


細胞学

ja-noun

細(さい)胞(ぼう)学(がく) • (saibōgaku) ^(←さいばうがく (saibaugaku)?)

細胞学 (canonical)
saibōgaku (romanization)
saibaugaku (romanization)
さいばうがく (hiragana historical)

細胞 (saibō, “cell”) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy; -graphy”)


白胡椒

白胡椒 (canonical)
shirokoshō (romanization)


同義語

[do̞ːɡʲiɡo̞]


バクテリア

[ba̠kɯ̟̊ᵝte̞ɾʲia̠]


赤血球

ja-noun

赤(せっ)血(けっ)球(きゅう) • (sekkekkyū) ^(←せきけつきう (sekiketukiu)?)

赤血球 (canonical)
sekkekkyū (romanization)
sekiketukiu (romanization)
せきけつきう (hiragana historical)

→ Korean: 적혈구 (jeokhyeolgu)

[se̞k̚ke̞k̚ʲkʲɨᵝː]

赤 (seki, “red”) + 血球 (kekkyū, “blood cell”)

af

(hematology, cytology) a red blood cell; an erythrocyte


細菌学

細菌学 (canonical)
saikingaku (romanization)

[sa̠ikʲĩŋɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]


メール

ja-noun

メール • (mēru)


動物学

動物学 (canonical)
dōbutsugaku (romanization)

[do̞ːbɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

From Chinese 動物學. The latter component 学 in Modern Japanese is the shinjitai (simplified) form of 學.

動物学者

動物学者 どうぶつがくしゃ


経済学

経済学 (canonical)
keizaigaku (romanization)


ヌクレオチド

Internationalism; see English nucleotide.


妊娠線

妊娠線 (canonical)
ninshinsen (romanization)


木琴

木(もっ)琴(きん) • (mokkin) ^(←もくきん (mokukin)?)

木琴 (canonical)
mokkin (romanization)
mokukin (romanization)
もくきん (hiragana historical)

[mo̞k̚ʲkʲĩɴ]

木琴を叩く

木琴を演奏する


クリスマスケーキ

Borrowed from English Christmas cake.
(unmarried woman): An allusion to the difficulty of selling Christmas cakes when the festive occasion has passed.


香草

香草 (canonical)
kōsō (romanization)
kausau (romanization)
かうさう (hiragana historical)
香草 (canonical)
kagusa (romanization)

[ka̠ɡɯ̟ᵝsa̠]


ノウハウ

ノウハウ • (nōhau)

[no̞ːha̠ɯ̟ᵝ]


微生物学

微生物学 (canonical)
biseibutsugaku (romanization)

[bʲise̞ːbɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]


サンタクロース

[sã̠nta̠ kɯ̟ᵝɾo̞ːsɨᵝ]


ギター

ギター • (gitā)

→ Hakka: 吉他 (kí-tá)

→ Min Nan: 吉他 (gì-tà, gih-tah)

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (kithárā)bor.
Aramaic קיתראbor.
Arabic قِيثَارَة (qīṯāra)bor.
Spanish guitarrabor.
English guitarbor.
Japanese ギター
Borrowed from English guitar.

etymon

ギターを弾く

Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:ギター
ja:松村明


クリスマスツリー

[kɯ̟ᵝɾʲisɨᵝma̠sɨ̥ᵝ t͡sɨᵝɾʲiː]

Christmas tree (a tree used during the Christmas holiday season)


分数

分数 (canonical)
bunsū (romanization)
means this (usually)


トイレ

Clipping of トイレット (toiretto), borrowed from English toilet.


寝室

寝室 (canonical)
shinshitsu (romanization)

[ɕĩɰ̃ɕit͡sɨᵝ]


マイクロ波

マイクロ波 (canonical)
maikuro-ha (romanization)

[ma̠ikɯ̟ᵝɾo̞ ɰᵝa̠]

マイクロ (maikuro-, “micro-”) + 波 (ha, “wave”), calque of English microwave


チーズケーキ

ja-noun

チーズケーキ • (chīzukēki)

Cheesecake Daijirin Daijisen ja:NHK出版 ja:NHK放送文化研究所 ja:チーズケーキ ja:松村明


民法

Translated as a calque of English civil law by Tsuda Mamichi.


演奏家

[ẽ̞ɰ̃so̞ːka̠]

演奏 (playing the instrument) + 家 (professional)


知財

intellectual property
intellectual property

Clipping of 知的財産 (chitekizaisan): IP; intellectual property


演奏者

[ẽ̞ɰ̃so̞ːɕa̠]

演奏 (ensō, “playing the instrument”) + 者 (-sha, “person”)


知的財産

知的財産 (canonical)
chitekizaisan (romanization)


菌類

From 菌 (kin, “germ”) + 類 (-rui, “kind”).


醤油

ja-noun

醤(しょう)油(ゆう) • (shōyū) ^(←しやういう (syauiu)?)

醤油 (canonical)
shōyū (romanization)
syauiu (romanization)
しやういう (hiragana historical)


市民権

市民権 (canonical)
shiminken (romanization)


二重国籍

二重国籍 (canonical)
nijū kokuseki (romanization)

multiple citizenship
multiple citizenship


分母

(mathematics) denominator (of a fraction)


餃子

餃(ぎょう)子(ざ) or 餃子(ギョウザ) or 餃子(ギョーザ) • (gyōza)

餃子 (canonical)
餃子 (canonical)
餃子 (canonical)
gyōza (romanization)

Borrowed from Mandarin 餃子／饺子, possibly from a Mandarin variety without significant palatalization (i.e. *giaozi), or from a non-Mandarin variety of Chinese. Compare also Korean 교자(餃子) (gyoja).

gyoza: a kind of dumpling or potsticker with a thin skin, traditionally made with minced pork and then fried, boiled, or steamed

ja:NHK放送文化研究所


幾何

Shortening of 幾何学 (kikagaku, “geometry”).
First attested in the early Meiji period, in a text from 1886.

(mathematics, colloquial) Short for 幾何学 (kikagaku): geometry


形態学

形態学 (canonical)
keitaigaku (romanization)

(geology, biology, linguistics) morphology


資本

→ Chinese: 資本／资本 (zīběn)

→ Korean: 자본 (jabon)

→ Vietnamese: tư bản


地政学

地政学 (canonical)
chiseigaku (romanization)

[t͡ɕi̥se̞ːɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]


地形学

地形学 (canonical)
chikeigaku (romanization)

[t͡ɕi̥ke̞ːɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

地形 (chikei, “topography”) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy”)


奴隷

ja-noun

奴(ど)隷(れい) or 奴(ぬ)隷(れい) • (dorei or nurei)

奴隷 (canonical)
奴隷 (canonical)
dorei (romanization)
nurei (romanization)

性的奴隷／性奴隷

エミちゃん……。ごめんな、ぼく……。もうすぐ負けるよ……。ぼくが負けるときみたちは……。どれい……。ペット……。食料……。

1988 July 30 [1983 December 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “ひとりぼっちの宇宙戦争 [The One-Man Cosmic War]”, in ひとりぼっちの宇宙戦争 [The One-Man Cosmic War] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 1), 16th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, pages 31-32

Emi…. I’m sorry, I…. I’m about to lose…. I will lose and all of you will turn into…. Slaves…. Pets…. Food….

Emi-chan……. Gomen na, boku……. Mōsugu makeru yo……. Boku ga makeru to kimitachi wa……. Dorei……. Petto……. Shokuryō…….

a slave (person owned by another, forced to work for another or to perform sexual acts)


地質学

地質学 (canonical)
chishitsugaku (romanization)

[t͡ɕiɕi̥t͡sɨᵝɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

地質 (chishitsu, “geological features”) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy; -graphy”)


灯油

灯油 (canonical)
toboshiabura (romanization)


灯油

灯油 (canonical)
tomoshiabura (romanization)


培養

培養する (canonical)
baiyō suru (romanization)
培養し (stem)
培養した (past)
培養し
ばいようし
baiyō shi
培養する
ばいようする
baiyō suru
培養すれ
ばいようすれ
baiyō sure
培養せよ (imperative literary)
培養しろ (colloquial imperative)
ばいようせよ (imperative literary)
ばいようしろ (colloquial imperative)
baiyō seyo (imperative literary)
baiyō shiro (colloquial imperative)
培養される (passive)
ばいようされる (passive)
baiyō sareru (passive)
培養させる (causative)
培養さす (causative)
ばいようさせる (causative)
ばいようさす (causative)
baiyō saseru (causative)
baiyō sasu (causative)
培養できる (potential)
ばいようできる (potential)
baiyō dekiru (potential)
培養しよう (volitional)
ばいようしよう (volitional)
baiyō shiyō (volitional)
培養しない (negative)
ばいようしない (negative)
baiyō shinai (negative)
培養せず (continuative negative)
ばいようせず (continuative negative)
baiyō sezu (continuative negative)
培養します (formal)
ばいようします (formal)
baiyō shimasu (formal)
培養した (perfective)
ばいようした (perfective)
baiyō shita (perfective)
培養して (conjunctive)
ばいようして (conjunctive)
baiyō shite (conjunctive)
培養すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ばいようすれば (conditional hypothetical)
baiyō sureba (conditional hypothetical)


出産

出産する (canonical)
shussan suru (romanization)
出産し (stem)
出産した (past)
出産し
しゅっさんし
shussan shi
出産する
しゅっさんする
shussan suru
出産すれ
しゅっさんすれ
shussan sure
出産せよ (imperative literary)
出産しろ (colloquial imperative)
しゅっさんせよ (imperative literary)
しゅっさんしろ (colloquial imperative)
shussan seyo (imperative literary)
shussan shiro (colloquial imperative)
出産される (passive)
しゅっさんされる (passive)
shussan sareru (passive)
出産させる (causative)
出産さす (causative)
しゅっさんさせる (causative)
しゅっさんさす (causative)
shussan saseru (causative)
shussan sasu (causative)
出産できる (potential)
しゅっさんできる (potential)
shussan dekiru (potential)
出産しよう (volitional)
しゅっさんしよう (volitional)
shussan shiyō (volitional)
出産しない (negative)
しゅっさんしない (negative)
shussan shinai (negative)
出産せず (continuative negative)
しゅっさんせず (continuative negative)
shussan sezu (continuative negative)
出産します (formal)
しゅっさんします (formal)
shussan shimasu (formal)
出産した (perfective)
しゅっさんした (perfective)
shussan shita (perfective)
出産して (conjunctive)
しゅっさんして (conjunctive)
shussan shite (conjunctive)
出産すれば (conditional hypothetical)
しゅっさんすれば (conditional hypothetical)
shussan sureba (conditional hypothetical)


小腸

ja-noun

小(しょう)腸(ちょう) • (shōchō)


魚類学

魚類学 (canonical)
gyoruigaku (romanization)

[ɡʲo̞ɾɯ̟ᵝiɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Compound of 魚類 (gyorui, “fish, as a type of animal in biology”) + 学 (gaku, “study, -ology”).


十二指腸

ja-noun

十(じゅう)二(に)指(し)腸(ちょう) • (jūnishichō) ^(←じふにしちやう (zifunisityau)?)

十二指腸 (canonical)
jūnishichō (romanization)
zifunisityau (romanization)
じふにしちやう (hiragana historical)

zh-l

十二指腸／十二指肠 (shí'èrzhǐcháng)

→ Chinese: 十二指腸／十二指肠 (shí'èrzhǐcháng)

→ Korean: 십이지장 (sibijijang)

[d͡ʑɨᵝːɲ̟iɕit͡ɕo̞ː]

十二指腸潰瘍

十二指腸潰瘍 じゅうにしちょうかいよう


銀将

ja-noun

銀(ぎん)将(しょう) • (ginshō) ^(←ぎんしやう (ginsyau)?)

銀将 (canonical)
ginshō (romanization)
ginsyau (romanization)
ぎんしやう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese-derived elements 銀 (gin, “silver”) + 将 (shō, “commander, general”).

com

(shogi) a silver general (piece that can move one step diagonally or forward)

*These 3 abbreviations are only used as a typographical convention. They are pronounced the same as their full names.


カプチーノ

Cappuccino
Daijirin
Daijisen
Suzuki Cappuccino
ja:カプチーノ
ja:スズキ・カプチーノ
ja:松村明

a Cappuccino (a Kei car model made by Suzuki during the years 1991-1998)


玉将

ja-noun

玉(ぎょく)将(しょう) • (gyokushō) ^(←ぎよくしやう (gyokusyau)?)

玉将 (canonical)
gyokushō (romanization)
gyokusyau (romanization)
ぎよくしやう (hiragana historical)

[ɡʲo̞kɯ̟ᵝɕo̞ː]

Compound of 玉 (gyoku, “jewel”) + 将 (shō, “general”).

(shogi) a jeweled general (one of two pieces with movement corresponding to the king in Western chess; for the challenger or lower-ranked player who makes the first move)


王将

王(おう)将(しょう) • (ōshō) ^(←わうしやう (wausyau)?)

王将 (canonical)
ōshō (romanization)
wausyau (romanization)
わうしやう (hiragana historical)

Compound of 王 (ō, “king”) + 将 (shō, “general”).

(shogi) a king-general (one of two pieces with movement corresponding to the king in Western chess; for the stronger or higher-ranked player who makes the second move)

(shogi) one of the eight major titles of professional shogi, conferred to the winner of an 王将戦 (ōshō-sen, “king match”)


王手

(shogi, chess) check (move threatening the king, or announcement of this threat)


寒冷前線

寒冷前線 (canonical)
kanrei zensen (romanization)

温暖前線

温暖前線 おんだんぜんせん


温暖前線

温暖前線 (canonical)
ondan zensen (romanization)

寒冷前線

寒冷前線 かんれいぜんせん


金将

金(きん)将(しょう) • (kinshō) ^(←きんしやう (kinsyau)?)

金将 (canonical)
kinshō (romanization)
kinsyau (romanization)
きんしやう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese-derived elements 金 (kin, “gold”) + 将 (shō, “commander, general”).

com

(shogi) a gold general (piece that can move one space orthogonally or forward diagonally)


中性子星

中性子星 (canonical)
chūseishisei (romanization)

[t͡ɕɨᵝːse̞ːɕi̥se̞ː]

中性子 (chūseishi, “neutron”) + 星 (-sei, “star”)


ラッサ熱

ラッサ熱 (canonical)
rassa netsu (romanization)


先手

Moving first; the initiative; having the initiative.

(board games, go, shogi, etc.) the player who moves first

(board games, go, shogi, etc.) a move forcing the opponent to respond; a move with tempo


鳥インフルエンザ

鳥インフルエンザ (canonical)
tori infuruenza (romanization)

From 鳥 (とり, tori, meaning "bird") and インフルエンザ (infuruenza, meaning "influenza").

(medicine) avian flu, bird flu, avian influenza


香車

ja-noun

香(きょう)車(しゃ) • (kyōsha) ^(←きやうしや (kyausya)?)

香車 (canonical)
kyōsha (romanization)
kyausya (romanization)
きやうしや (hiragana historical)

/kʲau ɕʲa/ → /kʲɔːɕa/ → /kʲoːɕa/
From Middle Chinese-derived elements 香 (kyō, “incense”) + 車 (sha, “vehicle”).

(shogi) an incense chariot (piece that can move any number of free spaces forward)


アンチョビ

[ã̠ɲ̟t͡ɕo̞bʲi]

English anchovy, from Spanish anchova, from Ligurian anciôa, from Vulgar Latin *apiuva, from Latin aphyē (“small fry”), from Ancient Greek ἀφύη (aphúē).


免疫学

免疫学 (canonical)
men'ekigaku (romanization)

[mẽ̞ɰ̃e̞kʲiɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

免疫 (men'eki, “immunity”) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy”)


管楽器

ja-noun

管(かん)楽(がっ)器(き) • (kangakki) ^(←くわんがくき (kwangakuki)?)

管楽器 (canonical)
kangakki (romanization)
kwangakuki (romanization)
くわんがくき (hiragana historical)

[kã̠ŋɡa̠k̚ʲkʲi]


解剖学

解剖学 (canonical)
kaibōgaku (romanization)

解剖 (kaibō, “dissection”) + 学 (-gaku, “-graphy; -logy”)

suf

anatomy (art of studying the different parts of any organized body)


戦術

[sẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨᵝt͡sɨᵝ]


病理学

ja-noun

病(びょう)理(り)学(がく) • (byōrigaku) ^(←びやうりがく (byaurigaku)?)

病理学 (canonical)
byōrigaku (romanization)
byaurigaku (romanization)
びやうりがく (hiragana historical)

[bʲo̞ːɾʲiɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]


クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病

クロイツフェルト・ヤコブびょう

クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病 (canonical)
Kuroitsuferuto-Yakobu-byō (romanization)

[kɯ̟ᵝɾo̞it͡sɨ̥ᵝɸe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝto̞]

クロイツフェルト (Kuroitsuferuto, from German Creutzfeldt) + ヤコブ (Yakobu, “Jacob”) + 病 (byō, “disease”)

com

from German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Creutzfeldt</i>

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

(pathology, neurology) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

ja:クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病


コレラ

From Dutch cholera, English cholera or German Cholera

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:コレラ
ja:松村明


武道

武道 (canonical)
budō (romanization)
budau (romanization)
ぶだう (hiragana historical)


ヨセ

Specialization of 寄(よ)せ (yose, “coming together”, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 寄(よ)せる (yoseru)).

ja-r

(go) 寄せ: The drawing together of borders that occurs towards the end of the game.


ムール貝

From French moule (“mussel”) + 貝 (kai, “shellfish”). The kai changes to gai as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


重症急性呼吸器症候群

ja-noun

じゅうしょう きゅうせい こきゅうき しょうこうぐん

重(じゅう)症(しょう)急(きゅう)性(せい)呼(こ)吸(きゅう)器(き)症(しょう)候(こう)群(ぐん) • (jūshō kyūsei kokyūki shōkōgun)

重症急性呼吸器症候群 (canonical)
jūshō kyūsei kokyūki shōkōgun (romanization)

重症 (jūshō, “severe illness”) + 急性 (kyūsei, “acute”) + 呼吸器 (kokyūki, “respiratory organ”) + 症候群 (shōkōgun, “syndrome”)

compound

じゅうしょうきゅうせいこきゅうきしょうこうぐん

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
severe acute respiratory syndrome

(medicine) SARS, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome


布石

(go) The arraying of stones in the opening, preparing to build groups of stones.

An action or a procedure in tactics, to smoothly take a defense position, or an offensive position. a borrowed word from the terminology of the board game, go


角行

ja-noun

角(かく)行(ぎょう) • (kakugyō) ^(←かくぎやう (kakugyau)?)

角行 (canonical)
kakugyō (romanization)
kakugyau (romanization)
かくぎやう (hiragana historical)

[ka̠kɯ̟ᵝɡʲo̞ː]

/kakʉ ɡʲau/ → /kakuɡʲɔː/ → /kakuɡʲoː/
From Middle Chinese-derived elements 角 (kaku, “angle”) + 行 (gyō, “going, moving”, the 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading).

com

the <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">呉音</i> (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading

(shogi) an angle-mover (piece with movement corresponding to the bishop in Western chess)


角行

ja-noun

角(かく)行(こう) • (kakukō) ^(←かくかう (kakukau)?)

角行 (canonical)
kakukō (romanization)
kakukau (romanization)
かくかう (hiragana historical)

/kakʉ kau/ → /kakukɔː/ → /kakukoː/
From Middle Chinese-derived elements 角 (kaku, “angle”) + 行 (kō, “going, moving”, the 漢音 (kan’on, literally “Han sound”) reading).

com

the <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">漢音</i> (kan’on, literally “Han sound”) reading

(shogi, colloquial) an angle-mover (piece with movement corresponding to the bishop in Western chess)


角行

ja-noun

角(かっ)行(こう) • (kakkō) ^(←かくかう (kakukau)?)

角行 (canonical)
kakkō (romanization)
kakukau (romanization)
かくかう (hiragana historical)

/kakʉ kau/ → /kak̚kau/ → /kak̚kɔː/ → /kak̚koː/
Shift from kakukō above.


銀河系

[ɡʲĩŋɡa̠ke̞ː]

銀河 (Ginga; ginga, “Milky Way; Galaxy; galaxy”) + 系 (-kei, “system”)

suf

銀河系の外から地球にやってきた宇宙人。

1999 October 17, “異次元からの侵略者 [Invader from a Different Dimension]”, in Booster 5, Konami

An alien that came to Earth from outside the Milky Way.

Gingakei no soto kara Chikyū ni yattekita uchūjin.


元旦

ja-noun

元(がん)旦(たん) • (gantan) ^(←ぐわんたん (gwantan)?)

元旦 (canonical)
gantan (romanization)
gwantan (romanization)
ぐわんたん (hiragana historical)

the first day of a new year; New Year's Day


門歯

From 門 (mon, “gate”) + 歯 (shi, “tooth”).


碁盤

碁盤 (canonical)
goban (romanization)
ごばん (hiragana historical)

碁盤の目


臼歯

臼(きゅう)歯(し) or 臼(うす)歯(ば) • (kyūshi or usuba) ^(←きうし (kiusi)?)

臼歯 (canonical)
臼歯 (canonical)
kyūshi (romanization)
usuba (romanization)
kiusi (romanization)
きうし (hiragana historical)

From 臼 (kyū, usu, “mortar”) + 歯 (shi, ba, “tooth”).


サーズ

ja-noun

サーズ • (sāzu)

新型肺炎サーズ

severe acute respiratory syndrome
severe acute respiratory syndrome

(medicine) SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome


リンパ液

リンパ液 (canonical)
rinpa eki (romanization)

lymphatic system
lymphatic system#English

white blood cell
white blood cell#English

(physiology, immunology) lymph (a colourless, watery, bodily fluid carried by the lymphatic system, that consists mainly of white blood cells.)


細胞質基質

細(さい)胞(ぼう)質(しつ)基(き)質(しつ) • (saibōshitsu kishitsu)

細胞質基質 (canonical)
saibōshitsu kishitsu (romanization)

細(さい)胞(ぼう)質(しつ) (saibōshitsu, “cytoplasm”) + 基(き)質(しつ) (kishitsu, “base substance”).


中盤

[t͡ɕɨᵝːbã̠ɴ]


体液

(biology) bodily fluid, biological fluid


胆汁

ja-noun

胆(たん)汁(じゅう) • (tanjū) ^(←たんじふ (tanzifu)?)

胆汁 (canonical)
tanjū (romanization)
tanzifu (romanization)
たんじふ (hiragana historical)

[tã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑɨᵝː]


憲法

憲(けん)法(ぽう) or 憲法(けんぼう) • (kenpō or kenbō) ^(←けんぱふ (kenpafu) or けんばふ (kenbafu)?)

憲法 (canonical)
憲法 (canonical)
kenpō (romanization)
kenbō (romanization)
kenpafu (romanization)
kenbafu (romanization)
けんぱふ (hiragana historical)
けんばふ (hiragana historical)

ヴァイマル憲法

十七条憲法


ピクルス

Borrowed from English pickles (noun plural form).


白血球

ja-noun

白(はっ)血(けっ)球(きゅう) • (hakkekkyū) ^(←はくけつきう (fakuketukiu)?)

白血球 (canonical)
hakkekkyū (romanization)
fakuketukiu (romanization)
はくけつきう (hiragana historical)

[ha̠k̚ke̞k̚ʲkʲɨᵝː]

白 (haku, “white”) + 血球 (kekkyū, “blood cell”)

com

(hematology, cytology, immunology) a white blood cell; a leukocyte


まゆ

まゆ (canonical)
マユ (canonical)
Mayu (romanization)


カクテル

[ka̠kɯ̟̊ᵝte̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]


赤褐色

ja-noun

赤(せき)褐(かっ)色(しょく) or 赤(せっ)褐(かっ)色(しょく) • (sekikasshoku or sekkasshoku)

赤褐色 (canonical)
赤褐色 (canonical)
sekikasshoku (romanization)
sekkasshoku (romanization)

[se̞k̚ka̠ɕːo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]


土俵

土俵 (canonical)
dohyō (romanization)
dofeu (romanization)
どへう (hiragana historical)


コンピュータサイエンス

コンピュータ サイエンス


バスケットボール

[ba̠sɨ̥ᵝke̞t̚to̞bo̞ːɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Basketball
Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:バスケットボール
ja:松村明


魚肉

[ɡʲo̞ɲ̟ikɯ̟ᵝ]


重合体

重(じゅう)合(ごう)体(たい) • (jūgōtai)


脹脛

脹脛 (canonical)
fukurahagi (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟̊ᵝkɯ̟ᵝɾa̠ha̠ɡʲi]


食道

食(しょく)道(どう) • (shokudō) ^(←しよくだう (syokudau)?)

食道 (canonical)
shokudō (romanization)
syokudau (romanization)
しよくだう (hiragana historical)

[ɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝdo̞ː]


データ構造

データ構(こう)造(ぞう) • (dēta kōzō)

データ構造 (canonical)
dēta kōzō (romanization)

From データ (dēta, “data”) and 構造 (kōzō, “structure”).


バター

バター • (batā)


情報科学

情(じょう)報(ほう)科(か)学(がく) • (jōhō kagaku) ^(←じやうほうくわがく (zyaufoukwagaku)?)

情報科学 (canonical)
jōhō kagaku (romanization)
zyaufoukwagaku (romanization)
じやうほうくわがく (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑo̞ːho̞ː ka̠ɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

From 情報 (jōhō, “information”) + 科学 (kagaku, “science”).


ウイルス学

ウイルス学 (canonical)
uirusu-gaku (romanization)

From ウイルス (uirusu, “virus”) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy”).


静脈

[d͡ʑo̞ːmʲa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

静脈注射

静脈注射 じょうみゃくちゅうしゃ

静脈瘤

静脈瘤 じょうみゃくりゅう


盲腸

ja-noun

盲(もう)腸(ちょう) • (mōchō) ^(←まうちやう (mautyau)?)

盲腸 (canonical)
mōchō (romanization)
mautyau (romanization)
まうちやう (hiragana historical)

[mo̞ːt͡ɕo̞ː]

/mautyau/ → /mɔːt͡ɕɔː/ → /moːt͡ɕoː/
From Middle Chinese 盲腸 (MC maeng drjang, literally “blind gut”).


三人称

三人称 (canonical)
sanninshō (romanization)


排泄物

排泄物 (canonical)
haisetsubutsu (romanization)

the emphasis has shifted from how to procure food to the best way to deal with one’s haisetsubutsu (排泄物, excrement).

2015 September 14, Kaori Shoji, “When disaster strikes in Japan, keep calm and carry a diaper”, in The Japan Times, retrieved 2023-04-11

excretion (something excreted by a creature)


リップスティック

[ɾʲip̚pɯ̟ᵝsɨ̥ᵝtʲik̚kɯ̟ᵝ]

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:松村明


パスタ

Daijisen
Kōjien
Pasta
Shinmura Izuru
ja:パスタ
ja:松村明

麺類: noodle

as a general category of food; may include both Asian and western foods


パスタ

Borrowed from German Pasta, or more likely from the homophonous and more common spelling Paste (“salve, paste”).

(medicine) Clipping of パスタ剤 (pasuta-zai, “a fat- or oil-based medicinal salve, ointment, or balm”).

軟膏剤

used more commonly to refer to medicinal ointment in general


眉毛

[ma̠jɯ̟ᵝɡe̞]

From 眉 (mayu, “eyebrow”) + 毛 (ke, “hair”).
The ke changes to ge as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


一人称

一人称 (canonical)
ichininshō (romanization)


アイシャドー

ja-noun

アイシャドー • (aishadō)


コート

コート • (kōto)


検察官

検察官 (canonical)
kensatsukan (romanization)

[kẽ̞ɰ̃sa̠t͡sɨᵝkã̠ɴ]

From 検察(けんさつ) (kensatsu, “prosecution”) + 官(かん) (kan, “officer”)


遺物

[ibɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

(archaeology) relic (artifact left behind by a culture)


七つの美徳

七つの美徳 (canonical)
nanatsu no bitoku (romanization)


ベルベル語

ベルベル語 (canonical)
Beruberugo (romanization)


調理師

professional cook, chef, especially a licensed chef


過去時制

過去時制 (canonical)
kako jisei (romanization)

From 過去(かこ) (kako, “past”) + 時制(じせい) (jisei, “tense”).

現在時制

現在時制 げんざいじせい


小学校

小(しょう)学(がっ)校(こう) • (shōgakkō) (counter 校)

小学校 (canonical)
shōgakkō (romanization)
校 (counter)

[ɕo̞ːɡa̠k̚ko̞ː]

(education) elementary school, primary school


料理人

料理(りょうり) (ryōri, “cuisine”) + 人(にん) (nin, “person”)


航空母艦

ja-noun

航(こう)空(くう)母(ぼ)艦(かん) • (kōkū bokan) ^(←かうくうぼかん (kaukuubokan)?)

航空母艦 (canonical)
kōkū bokan (romanization)
kaukuubokan (romanization)
かうくうぼかん (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 航空母艦／航空母舰 (hángkōng mǔjiàn)

→ Korean: 항공모함(航空母艦) (hanggongmoham)

→ Vietnamese: hàng không mẫu hạm

[ko̞ːkɯ̟ᵝː bo̞kã̠ɴ]

From 航空(こうくう) (kōkū, “aviation”) + 母艦(ぼかん) (bokan, “mother ship”).


蜂蜜

蜂蜜 (canonical)
蜂蜜 (canonical)
hachimitsu (romanization)

Compound of 蜂 (hachi, “bee”) + 蜜 (mitsu, “honey”).


動脈

[do̞ːmʲa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]


アサリ

浅蜊: a clam, Japanese littleneck, Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum


ハマグリ

蛤: a clam, common orient clam, Meretrix lusoria


ロケット

ja:ロケットペンダント


瞳孔

ja-noun

瞳(どう)孔(こう) • (dōkō)


体言

Coinage in Japanese from Middle Chinese-derived components, as a compound of 体 (tai, “body”) + 言 (gen, “word”), literally “substantive word”. Compare English substantive.
In Japanese grammar, contrasts with 用言 (yōgen, “inflecting word”, literally “function word”). See also the dichotomy of 体用 (taiyō, “substance and function”).
First cited in 1851.

compound

Coordinate term: 用言 (yōgen, “inflecting word”)

(grammar) a Japanese or Korean word that does not inflect and can be used as a grammatical subject


おまわりさん

お (honorific prefix) + 巡り (“going around”) + さん (honorific suffix)

(informal, friendly) a policeman, a policewoman, a police officer


ボールド体

ボールド体 (canonical)
bōrudo-tai (romanization)


国力

[ko̞kɯ̟ᵝɾʲo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

the power of a nation, especially its economic influence or military might


国際電話

国際電話 (canonical)
kokusai denwa (romanization)

From 国際(こくさい) (kokusai, “international”) + 電話(でんわ) (denwa, “phone call”).

an international phone call, an overseas phone call


指示形容詞

ja-noun

指(し)示(じ)形(けい)容(よう)詞(し) • (shiji keiyōshi)

指示形容詞 (canonical)
shiji keiyōshi (romanization)

From 指示 (“demonstrative”) + 形容詞 (“adjective”).

compound

demonstrative adjective
demonstrative adjective

こんな

this such; When the subject is near to the speaker, physically or in their mind.

そんな

that such; When the subject is indicated by a gesture or the previous sentences.

あんな

that such; When the subject is far from the speaker, physically or in their mind.


時制

From 時 (ジ, ji, time) + 制 (セイ, sei, control)

現在時制: present tense

現在時制 げんざいじせい

現在完了時制: present perfect tense

現在完了時制 げんざいかんりょうじせい

過去完了時制

過去完了時制 かこかんりょうじせい

未来完了時制: future perfect tense

未来完了時制 みらいかんりょうじせい

完了時制: perfect tense

完了時制 かんりょうじせい

未完了時制

未完了時制 みかんりょうじせい

条件時制

条件時制 じょうけんじせい


口紅

[kɯ̟̊ᵝt͡ɕibe̞ɲ̟i]


考古学

ja-noun

考(こう)古(こ)学(がく) • (kōkogaku) ^(←かうこがく (kaukogaku)?)

考古学 (canonical)
kōkogaku (romanization)
kaukogaku (romanization)
かうこがく (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ːko̞ɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]


人類学

人類学 (canonical)
jinruigaku (romanization)

[d͡ʑĩnɾɯ̟ᵝiɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

人類 (jinrui, “humankind”) + 学 (-gaku, “-graphy; -logy”)


免疫

[mẽ̞ɰ̃e̞kʲi]

免疫をつける

予防注射をすればこの病気に対して免疫ができる

2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú)

If immunisation shots are taken, one can gain immunity against disease

Yobō chūsha o sureba kono byōki ni taishite men'eki ga dekiru


国歌

国歌 (canonical)
kokka (romanization)
kokuka (romanization)
こくか (hiragana historical)

ソビエト連邦の国歌


国立公園

ja-noun

国(こく)立(りつ)公(こう)園(えん) • (kokuritsu kōen) ^(←こくりつこうゑん (kokuritu kowen)?)

国立公園 (canonical)
kokuritsu kōen (romanization)
kokuritu kowen (romanization)
こくりつこうゑん (hiragana historical)

[ko̞kɯ̟ᵝɾʲit͡sɨ̥ᵝ ko̞ːẽ̞ɴ]

Compound of 国立(こくりつ) (kokuritsu, “national”) + 公園(こうえん) (kōen, “park”).


ルビー

ja-noun

ルビー • (rubī)


蛍石

蛍石 (canonical)
hotaruishi (romanization)


蛍石

蛍(けい)石(せき) • (keiseki) ^(←けいせき (keiseki)?)

蛍石 (canonical)
keiseki (romanization)
けいせき (hiragana historical)


黄緑

yellowish green; yellow-green, lime, chartreuse


大学校

大(だい)学(がっ)校(こう) • (daigakkō) ^(←だいがくかう (daigakukau)?)

大学校 (canonical)
daigakkō (romanization)
daigakukau (romanization)
だいがくかう (hiragana historical)

academy or non-university college (a post-secondary school not legally considered a university)


高等学校

高(こう)等(とう)学(がっ)校(こう) • (kōtō gakkō) ^(←かうとうがくかう (kautou gakukau)?)

高等学校 (canonical)
kōtō gakkō (romanization)
kautou gakukau (romanization)
かうとうがくかう (hiragana historical)

高(こう)等(とう) (kōtō, “high level”) + 学(がっ)校(こう) (gakkō, “school”)

ja-compound

(education) high school, senior high school


国際連合

ja-pos

国(こく)際(さい)連(れん)合(ごう) • (Kokusai Rengō) ^(←こくさいれんがふ (kokusairengafu)?)

国際連合 (canonical)
Kokusai Rengō (romanization)
kokusairengafu (romanization)
こくさいれんがふ (hiragana historical)

→ Korean: 국제 연합 (Gukje Yeonhap)

[ko̞kɯ̟̊ᵝsa̠i ɾẽ̞ŋɡo̞ː]

From 国際 (kokusai, “international”) + 連合 (rengō, “union”).
連 is a daiyōji replacing 聯.


疑問詞

interrogative pronoun
interrogative pronoun

interrogative adverb
interrogative adverb

interrogative adjective
interrogative adjective

(grammar) interrogative, including the interrogative pronoun, interrogative adverb, and interrogative adjective.

疑問代名詞: interrogative pronoun

疑問代名詞 ぎもんだいめいし

疑問形容詞: interrogative adjective

疑問形容詞 ぎもんけいようし