時間

Pronunciation shift to a devoiced initial consonant in certain dialects.
/d͡ʑikaɴ/ → /t͡ɕikaɴ/

(dialect, Ibaraki) the hours or time when something happens


粒子

粒子 (canonical)
ryūshi (romanization)
rifusi (romanization)
りふし (hiragana historical)

a particle (elementary particle or subatomic particle)


かま

kama (romanization)
かま (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

鎌槍: a kind of polearm with a sickle-shaped blade

to get things sorted quickly and efficiently

to apply the sickle; compare English to glean

鎌を掛ける: → to get something out of a person without them being aware

カマのように発達した腕を振り回し攻撃してくる。

1999 February 4, “ダークキラー [Dark Killer]”, in Vol.1, Konami

It attacks with its arms, which have grown like sickles.

Kama no yō ni hattatsu shita ude o furimawashi kōgeki shitekuru.

short for 火打鎌 (hiuchigama): a striker for lighting fires (from the way that pieces of a broken kama blade were used for this purpose)

火打鎌

(slang) a perverse or bent tendency or way of thinking (from the way a kama blade bends)

(slang) a person with a perverse or bent tendency or way of thinking

(woodworking) short for 鎌継ぎ (kamatsugi): a hammer-headed tenon (from the way the sickle blade sticks out perpendicular to the handle, similar to the sides of the hammer head on this kind of tenon)

鎌継ぎ

(slang) a penis (probably from the way that a sickle blade sticks out perpendicular to the handle)


終端速度

終端速度 (canonical)
shūtan sokudo (romanization)

From 終端 (shūtan, “terminal”) + 速度 (sokudo, “velocity”).


わく

desc

→ Korean: 와꾸 (wakku, “facial appearance; framework”)

放送枠

雑談枠


わく

ja-verb

わく • (waku) intransitive godan (stem わき (waki), past わいた (waita))

waku (romanization)
わき (stem)
わいた (past)
わか
waka
わき
waki
わく
waku
わけ
wake
わかれる (passive)
wakareru (passive)
わかせる (causative)
わかす (causative)
wakaseru (causative)
wakasu (causative)
わける (potential)
wakeru (potential)
わこう (volitional)
wakō (volitional)
わかない (negative)
wakanai (negative)
わかず (continuative negative)
wakazu (continuative negative)
わきます (formal)
wakimasu (formal)
わいた (perfective)
waita (perfective)
わいて (conjunctive)
waite (conjunctive)
わけば (conditional hypothetical)
wakeba (conditional hypothetical)
わか (irrealis stem)
waka (irrealis stem)
わき (continuative stem)
waki (continuative stem)
わく (stem terminative)
waku (stem terminative)
わく (attributive stem)
waku (attributive stem)
わけ (realis stem)
wake (realis stem)
わけ (imperative stem)
wake (imperative stem)
わかず (negative)
wakazu (negative)
わけど (contrastive)
wakedo (contrastive)
わけば (causative)
wakeba (causative)
わかば (conditional)
wakaba (conditional)
わきき (past)
wakiki (past)
わきけり (past)
wakikeri (past)
わきつ (perfect)
wakitu (perfect)
わきぬ (perfect)
wakinu (perfect)
わけり (continuative perfect)
わきたり (continuative perfect)
wakeri (continuative perfect)
wakitari (continuative perfect)
わかむ (volitional)
wakamu (volitional)

湧く, 涌く: water and so on to spring, gush, well up

親近感が湧いてきた。

I felt a sense of affinity well up. / A sense of affinity has welled up.

加藤清史郎、映画『忍たま』で引きずられても吊るされても「勇気200%」
すごく面白くて、勇気が200％湧いてくる。
Sugoku omoshirokute, yūki ga nihyaku-pāsento waite kuru.
It was really interesting, and I felt my bravery come 200%.

湧く, 涌く: to feel emotions form, such as bravery

国内生産も沸く


光ファイバー

光ファイバー (canonical)
hikari faibā (romanization)

Calque of English optical fiber. Compound of 光 (hikari, “optical”) + ファイバー (faibā, “fiber”).

compound

(electronics, optics) optical fiber, optical fibre

Daijirin
Daijisen
Optical fiber
ja:光ファイバー
ja:松村明


くらい

kurai (romanization)
kurawi (romanization)
くらゐ (hiragana historical)

/kurawi/ → /kurai/
Originally a compound of 座 (kura, “seat, where something is placed”) + 居 (wi, “being, existing in a place”), literally referring to "where one is", and by extension, "status, rank, position; degree". Appears from at least as early as The Tale of Genji (prior to 1021 CE).


水銀

From Middle Chinese compound 水銀 (MC sywijX ngin, literally “water (i.e. liquid) silver”). Compare modern Mandarin 水銀／水银 (shuǐyín).

zh-l

水銀／水银 (shuǐyín)

水銀汚染

mercury pollution, mercury contamination

水銀硬膏

a hard mercury-based ointment or plaster

水銀柱

mercury in a thermometer, as a metaphor for the temperature

水銀軟膏

a soft mercury-based ointment or plaster

水銀粉

a kind of white face powder made from mercury, used in ancient times


水銀

ja-noun

水(みず)銀(がね) • (mizugane) ^(←みづがね (midugane)?)

水銀 (canonical)
mizugane (romanization)
midugane (romanization)
みづがね (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese. Compound of 水 (mizu, “water”) + 銀 (kane, “metal, silver”). The kane changes to gane as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō Japanese dictionary of 938 CE as mizukane, suggesting that the shift to rendaku is more recent.
Obsolete in modern Japanese.

compound

(chemistry, obsolete) mercury; quicksilver


アイルランド人

アイルランド人 (canonical)
Airurando-jin (romanization)

アイルランド (Airurando, “Ireland”) + 人(じん) (jin, “person”)


速度

速度制限

速度制限 そくどせいげん

終端速度

終端速度 しゅうたんそくど


アイルランド語

アイルランド語 (canonical)
airurandogo (romanization)

[a̠iɾɯ̟ᵝɾã̠ndo̞ɡo̞]

アイルランド (airurando, “Ireland”) + 語 (-go, “language”)


言語

言語 (canonical)
gengo (romanization)
げんご (hiragana historical)


言語

言語 (canonical)
gongo (romanization)
ごんご (hiragana historical)


言語

ja-noun

言(げん)語(ぎょ) • (gengyo) ^(←げんぎよ (gengyo)?)

言語 (canonical)
gengyo (romanization)
げんぎよ (hiragana historical)


誕生日

誕(たん)生(じょう)日(び) • (tanjōbi) ^(←たんじやうび (tanzyaubi)?)

誕生日 (canonical)
tanjōbi (romanization)
tanzyaubi (romanization)
たんじやうび (hiragana historical)

Compound of 誕生 (tanjō, “birth”) + 日 (hi, “day”).
The hi reading for 日 changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

[tã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑo̞ːbʲi]


誕生日

誕(たん)生(じょう)日(にち) • (tanjōnichi) ^(←たんじやうにち (tanzyauniti)?)

誕生日 (canonical)
tanjōnichi (romanization)
tanzyauniti (romanization)
たんじやうにち (hiragana historical)

From 誕生 (tanjō, “birth”) + 日 (-nichi, counter for day of a month).

suffix

[tã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑo̞ːbʲi]


あつい

ja-adj

あつい • (atsui) -i (adverbial あつく (atsuku))

atsui (romanization)
あつく (adverbial)
あつかろ (imperfective stem)
atsukaro (imperfective stem)
あつく (continuative stem)
atsuku (continuative stem)
あつい (stem terminative)
atsui (stem terminative)
あつい (attributive stem)
atsui (attributive stem)
あつけれ (hypothetical stem)
atsukere (hypothetical stem)
あつかれ (imperative stem)
atsukare (imperative stem)
あつくない (informal negative)
atsuku nai (informal negative)
あつかった (informal past)
atsukatta (informal past)
あつくなかった (informal negative past)
atsuku nakatta (informal negative past)
あついです (formal)
atsui desu (formal)
あつくないです (formal negative)
atsuku nai desu (formal negative)
あつかったです (formal past)
atsukatta desu (formal past)
あつくなかったです (formal negative past)
atsuku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
あつくて (conjunctive)
atsukute (conjunctive)
あつければ (conditional)
atsukereba (conditional)
あつかったら (conditional past)
atsukattara (conditional past)
あつかろう (volitional)
atsukarō (volitional)
あつく (adverbial)
atsuku (adverbial)
あつさ (noun-from-adj)
atsusa (noun-from-adj)


軍隊

[ɡɯ̟̃ᵝnta̠i]

(military) armed forces such as the army, the navy, or the air force


火山

From Middle Chinese 火山 (huɑ^X ʃˠɛn, literally “flaming mountain”).

der

火山の近くに生息する草。花から火炎を吹き攻撃する。

1999 February 4, “火炎草 [Fire Grass]”, in Vol.1, Konami

A grass that grows near volcanoes. It breathes fire from its flowers.

Kazan no chikaku ni seisoku suru kusa. Hana kara kaen o fuki kōgeki suru.


病気

病気 (canonical)
byōki (romanization)
byauki (romanization)
びやうき (hiragana historical)

病気に罹る


鉄道

ja-noun

鉄(てつ)道(どう) • (tetsudō) ^(←てつだう (tetudau)?)

鉄道 (canonical)
tetsudō (romanization)
tetudau (romanization)
てつだう (hiragana historical)

鉄(てつ) (tetsu, “iron, steel”) + 道(どう) (dō, “way”). Calque of German Eisenbahn.


電子ボルト

電子ボルト (canonical)
denshi-boruto (romanization)


馬鹿

ja-adj

馬(ば)鹿(か) • (baka) -na (adnominal 馬(ば)鹿(か)な (baka na), adverbial 馬(ば)鹿(か)に (baka ni))

馬鹿 (canonical)
baka (romanization)
馬鹿な (adnominal)
馬鹿に (adverbial)
馬鹿だろ (imperfective stem)
ばかだろ (imperfective stem)
baka daro (imperfective)
馬鹿で (continuative stem)
ばかで (continuative stem)
baka de (continuative)
馬鹿だ (stem terminative)
ばかだ (stem terminative)
baka da (terminative)
馬鹿な (attributive stem)
ばかな (attributive stem)
baka na (attributive)
馬鹿なら (hypothetical stem)
ばかなら (hypothetical stem)
baka nara (hypothetical)
馬鹿であれ (imperative stem)
ばかであれ (imperative stem)
baka de are (imperative)
馬鹿ではない (informal negative)
馬鹿じゃない (informal negative)
ばかではない (informal negative)
ばかじゃない (informal negative)
baka de wa nai (informal negative)
baka ja nai (informal negative)
馬鹿だった (informal past)
ばかだった (informal past)
baka datta (informal past)
馬鹿ではなかった (informal negative past)
馬鹿じゃなかった (informal negative past)
ばかではなかった (informal negative past)
ばかじゃなかった (informal negative past)
baka de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
baka ja nakatta (informal negative past)
馬鹿です (formal)
ばかです (formal)
baka desu (formal)
馬鹿ではありません (formal negative)
馬鹿じゃありません (formal negative)
ばかではありません (formal negative)
ばかじゃありません (formal negative)
baka de wa arimasen (formal negative)
baka ja arimasen (formal negative)
馬鹿でした (formal past)
ばかでした (formal past)
baka deshita (formal past)
馬鹿ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
馬鹿じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
ばかではありませんでした (formal negative past)
ばかじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
baka de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
baka ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
馬鹿で (conjunctive)
ばかで (conjunctive)
baka de (conjunctive)
馬鹿なら（ば） (conditional)
ばかなら（ば） (conditional)
baka nara (ba) (conditional)
馬鹿だったら (conditional past)
ばかだったら (conditional past)
baka dattara (conditional past)
馬鹿だろう (volitional)
ばかだろう (volitional)
baka darō (volitional)
馬鹿に (adverbial)
ばかに (adverbial)
baka ni (adverbial)
馬鹿さ (noun-from-adj)
ばかさ (noun-from-adj)
bakasa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

馬鹿

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした

Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru
ja:馬鹿

Probably originally a transcription of Sanskrit मोह (moha, “folly”), used as a cant term among monks.
Alternatively, may have arisen from the same root as Old Japanese 痴 (woko, modern oko, “stupidity, ridiculousness”). However, this theory is problematic phonologically, as the /b/ ↔ /w/ shift is difficult to explain.
The characters 馬鹿 (literally “horse + deer”) are ateji (当て字), probably chosen as an allusion to Literary Chinese 指鹿為馬 (“to deliberately misinterpret and invert right and wrong”, literally “to point to a deer and call it a horse”) (see that entry for more).

zh-l

馬鹿なことしちゃったな。

馬鹿なことを言うな。

Don't be silly. Don't say such stupid things.


馬鹿

→ Chinese: 八嘎 (bāga)

→ English: baka

→ Korean: 빠가 (ppaga)

馬鹿貝

Mactra chinensis, a type of bivalve shellfish

馬鹿正直

馬鹿正直 ばかしょうじき


ボルト

[bo̞ɾɯ̟ᵝto̞]


血漿

ja-noun

血(けっ)漿(しょう) • (kesshō) ^(←けつしやう (ketusyau)?)

血漿 (canonical)
kesshō (romanization)
ketusyau (romanization)
けつしやう (hiragana historical)

From 血(けつ) (ketsu, “blood”) + 漿(しょう) (shō, “liquid”).


クォーク

ja-noun

クォーク • (kwōku)

[kɰᵝo̞ːkɯ̟ᵝ]

a quark (an elementary subatomic particle which forms matter)


遊ぶ

ja-verb

遊(あそ)ぶ • (asobu) intransitive godan (stem 遊(あそ)び (asobi), past 遊(あそ)んだ (asonda))

遊ぶ (canonical)
asobu (romanization)
遊び (stem)
遊んだ (past)
遊ば
あそば
asoba
遊び
あそび
asobi
遊ぶ
あそぶ
asobu
遊べ
あそべ
asobe
遊ばれる (passive)
あそばれる (passive)
asobareru (passive)
遊ばせる (causative)
遊ばす (causative)
あそばせる (causative)
あそばす (causative)
asobaseru (causative)
asobasu (causative)
遊べる (potential)
あそべる (potential)
asoberu (potential)
遊ぼう (volitional)
あそぼう (volitional)
asobō (volitional)
遊ばない (negative)
あそばない (negative)
asobanai (negative)
遊ばず (continuative negative)
あそばず (continuative negative)
asobazu (continuative negative)
遊びます (formal)
あそびます (formal)
asobimasu (formal)
遊んだ (perfective)
あそんだ (perfective)
asonda (perfective)
遊んで (conjunctive)
あそんで (conjunctive)
asonde (conjunctive)
遊べば (conditional hypothetical)
あそべば (conditional hypothetical)
asobeba (conditional hypothetical)
遊ば (irrealis stem)
あそば (irrealis stem)
asoba (irrealis)
遊び (continuative stem)
あそび (continuative stem)
asobi (continuative)
遊ぶ (stem terminative)
あそぶ (stem terminative)
asobu (terminative)
遊ぶ (attributive stem)
あそぶ (attributive stem)
asobu (attributive)
遊べ (realis stem)
あそべ (realis stem)
asobe (realis)
遊べ (imperative stem)
あそべ (imperative stem)
asobe (imperative)
遊ばず (negative)
あそばず (negative)
asobazu (negative)
遊べど (contrastive)
あそべど (contrastive)
asobedo (contrastive)
遊べば (causative)
あそべば (causative)
asobeba (causative)
遊ばば (conditional)
あそばば (conditional)
asobaba (conditional)
遊びき (past)
あそびき (past)
asobiki (past)
遊びけり (past)
あそびけり (past)
asobikeri (past)
遊びつ (perfect)
あそびつ (perfect)
asobitu (perfect)
遊びぬ (perfect)
あそびぬ (perfect)
asobinu (perfect)
遊べり (continuative perfect)
遊びたり (continuative perfect)
あそべり (continuative perfect)
あそびたり (continuative perfect)
asoberi (continuative perfect)
asobitari (continuative perfect)
遊ばむ (volitional)
あそばむ (volitional)
asobamu (volitional)

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE. From Proto-Japonic *asonpu.


チャームクォーク

ja-noun

チャームクォーク • (chāmukwōku)


ナノメートル

Internationalism; see English nanometre.

A unit of measure equal to 10⁻⁹ m; (UK) nanometre, (US) nanometer.


八角

From 八 ("eight") + 角 ("horn," "angle," "corner," "point") = "octagon".


ミリメートル

Internationalism; see English millimetre.


マイクロメートル

Internationalism; see English micrometre.


反クォーク

反クォーク (canonical)
han-kwōku (romanization)

Calque of English antiquark, equivalent to 反 (han-, “anti-”) + クォーク (kwōku, “quark”)


平方メートル

平方メートル (canonical)
heihō mētoru (romanization)

From 平方 (heihō, “square”) + メートル (mētoru, “metre”).


キロメートル

[kʲiɾo̞me̞ːto̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Internationalism; see English kilometre.


立方メートル

立方メートル (canonical)
rippō mētoru (romanization)

Compound of 立方 (rippō, “cubic, cubed”) + メートル (mētoru, “meter”).

compound

The SI derived unit of volume: a (UK) cubic metre, (US) cubic meter.


ボース゠アインシュタイン統計

ja-noun

^ボース゠^アインシュタイン とうけい

ボース゠アインシュタイン統(とう)計(けい) • (Bōsu-Ainshutain tōkei)

ボース゠アインシュタイン統計 (canonical)
Bōsu-Ainshutain tōkei (romanization)

Bose-Einstein statistics
Bose-Einstein statistics


フェルミ

[ɸe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝmʲi]


フェルミ

[ɸe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝmʲi]


ボース粒子

ボース粒子 (canonical)
Bōsu ryūshi (romanization)

[bo̞ːsɨᵝ ɾʲɨᵝːɕi]

From ボース (Bōsu, “Bose”) + 粒子 (ryūshi, “particle”).


フェルミ゠ディラック統計

ja-noun

^フェルミ゠^ディラック とうけい

フェルミ゠ディラック統(とう)計(けい) • (Ferumi-Dirakku tōkei)

フェルミ゠ディラック統計 (canonical)
Ferumi-Dirakku tōkei (romanization)

フェルミ゠ディラック (“Fermi-Dirac”) + 統計 (“statistics”)

compound

ふぇるみ-でぃらっくとうけい


フェルミ粒子

フェルミ粒子 (canonical)
Ferumi ryūshi (romanization)

[ɸe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝmʲi ɾʲɨᵝːɕi]

From フェルミ (Ferumi, from Italian Fermi) + 粒子 (ryūshi, “particle”).

af

from Italian <i class="Latn mention" lang="it">Fermi</i>


メートル

[me̞ːto̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

From French mètre. Doublet of メーター (mētā, “meter”, measuring instrument).


下着

Compound of 下 (shita, “under”) + 着 (ki, “wear”). The ki changes to gi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


反粒子

ja-noun

反(はん)粒(りゅう)子(し) • (hanryūshi) ^(←はんりふし (fanrifusi)?)

反粒子 (canonical)
hanryūshi (romanization)
fanrifusi (romanization)
はんりふし (hiragana historical)

[hã̠nɾʲɨᵝːɕi]

反 (han-, “anti-”) + 粒子 (ryūshi, “particle”)


すすむ

Appears to be related to 進む (susumu, “to advance”).


国際単位系

ja-pos

国(こく)際(さい)単(たん)位(い)系(けい) • (Kokusai Tan'ikei) ^(←こくさいたんゐけい (kokusaitan'wikei)?)

国際単位系 (canonical)
Kokusai Tan'ikei (romanization)
kokusaitan'wikei (romanization)
こくさいたんゐけい (hiragana historical)

[ko̞kɯ̟̊ᵝsa̠i tã̠ɰ̃ike̞ː]

Calque of French Système international d’unités, equivalent to 国際 (kokusai, “international”) + 単位系 (tan'ikei, “system of measurement; system of units”).

com

International System of Units
International System of Units


語彙素

語彙 (goi, “vocabulary”) + 素 (so, “element”)


SI単位系

ja-noun

SI(エスアイ)単(たん)位(い)系(けい) • (esuai tan'ikei)

SI単位系 (canonical)
esuai tan'ikei (romanization)


単位系

単(たん)位(い)系(けい) • (tan'ikei) ^(←たんゐけい (tan'wikei)?)

単位系 (canonical)
tan'ikei (romanization)
tan'wikei (romanization)
たんゐけい (hiragana historical)

[tã̠ɰ̃ike̞ː]

From 単位 (tan'i, “unit”) + 系 (-kei, “system”).


形態素

Compound of 形態 (keitai, “form”) + 素 (so, “element”).


教育

教(きょう)育(いく) • (kyōiku) ^(←けういく (keuiku)?)

教育 (canonical)
kyōiku (romanization)
keuiku (romanization)
けういく (hiragana historical)

[kʲo̞ːikɯ̟ᵝ]


立方

(arithmetic) The third power of a number etc.; cube.


ふね

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE. From Proto-Japonic *punay.
Standalone form of 船(ふな), 舟(ふな) (funa, older form).


無量大数

無(む)量(りょう)大(たい)数(すう) • (muryōtaisū) ^(←むりやうたいすう (muryautaisuu)?)

無量大数 (canonical)
muryōtaisū (romanization)
muryautaisuu (romanization)
むりやうたいすう (hiragana historical)

In the traditional Japanese number system, 10⁶⁸ or one hundred unvigintillion in the American system. Also said to be 10⁸⁸.


恒河沙

[ɡo̞ːɡa̠ɕa̠]

From Middle Chinese 恆河沙 (MC hong ha srae), calque of Sanskrit गंगानदी वालुका (gaṃgānadī vālukā, “sand of the Ganges River”).
The current usage as the number 10⁵² was first fixed by the Jinkōki (塵劫記), 1634.

cog

गंगानदी वालुका

(etymology, Buddhism) a metaphor of the extremely large number


のぼる

[no̞bo̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]


平方

平方 (canonical)
heihō (romanization)
feifau (romanization)
へいはう (hiragana historical)

Probably from Chinese 平方 (píngfāng, literally "flat square", "flat" because it accounts for 2 dimensions only). Compare 立方 (rippō, “cube”, literally "standing square", accounting for the third dimension).
First attested in Japanese in a text from 1875.

der

(mathematics) the second power of a number etc., square


那由他

In the traditional Japanese number system, 10⁶⁰ or one novemdecillion of the American system.

(Buddhism, historical) extremely large number, usually interpreted as the number 10²⁸


阿僧祇

In the traditional Japanese number system, 10⁵⁶ or one hundred septendecillion of the American system.


座標系

直交座標系

直交座標系 ちょっこうざひょうけい

極座標系

極座標系 きょくざひょうけい


座標

zh-l

坐標／坐标 (zuòbiāo)


一般相対性理論

ja-noun

いっぱん そうたいせい りろん

いつぱんさうたいせいりろん

一(いっ)般(ぱん)相(そう)対(たい)性(せい)理(り)論(ろん) • (ippan sōtaisei riron) ^(←いつぱんさうたいせいりろん (itupansautaiseiriron)?)

一般相対性理論 (canonical)
ippan sōtaisei riron (romanization)
itupansautaiseiriron (romanization)
いつぱんさうたいせいりろん (hiragana historical)

いっぱんそーたいせーりろん

[ip̚pã̠ɰ̃ so̞ːta̠ise̞ː ɾʲiɾõ̞ɴ]

From 一般 (ippan, “general”) + 相対性理論 (sōtaisei riron, “theory of relativity”).


特殊相対性理論

ja-noun

とくしゅ そうたいせい りろん

とくしゆさうたいせいりろん

特(とく)殊(しゅ)相(そう)対(たい)性(せい)理(り)論(ろん) • (tokushu sōtaisei riron) ^(←とくしゆさうたいせいりろん (tokusyusautaiseiriron)?)

特殊相対性理論 (canonical)
tokushu sōtaisei riron (romanization)
tokusyusautaiseiriron (romanization)
とくしゆさうたいせいりろん (hiragana historical)

とくしゅそーたいせーりろん

[to̞kɯ̟̊ᵝɕɨᵝ so̞ːta̠ise̞ː ɾʲiɾõ̞ɴ]

From 特殊 (tokushu, “special”) + 相対性理論 (sōtaisei riron, “theory of relativity”).


相対性理論

ja-noun

相(そう)対(たい)性(せい)理(り)論(ろん) • (sōtaisei riron) ^(←さうたいせいりろん (sautaiseiriron)?)

相対性理論 (canonical)
sōtaisei riron (romanization)
sautaiseiriron (romanization)
さうたいせいりろん (hiragana historical)

[so̞ːta̠ise̞ː ɾʲiɾõ̞ɴ]

From 相対性 (sōtaisei, “relativity”) + 理論 (riron, “theory”).

af

theory of relativity
theory of relativity


自殺

パパがあまいからですよ。
Papa ga amai kara desu yo.
You’re too easy on him, honey.
だがな、きびしくして家出や自殺でもされてはな。
Daga na, kibishiku shite iede ya jisatsu demo sarete wa na.
If I were to be tough on him, he would run away and kill himself.
そうね。あんな変わった子ですからね………。

1988 July 30 [1983 December 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “四畳半ＳＬ旅行 [Yojōhan SL Travel]”, in ひとりぼっちの宇宙戦争 [The One-Man Cosmic War] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 1), 16th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 127

You’re right. He’s such a peculiar child....


地球

地球 (canonical)
Chikyū (romanization)
tikiu (romanization)
ちきう (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕi̥kʲɨᵝː]

From Chinese 地球 (Dìqiú), coined by Matteo Ricci.

地球は24時間で１回自転します。

Chikyū wa nijūyo-jikan de ikkai jiten shimasu.

地球は太陽系の第３惑星です。

The Earth is the third planet of the Solar System.

Chikyū wa taiyōkei no dai-san wakusei desu.

それでも地球は動く。

地球は、サルのわく星になっていましたとさ。

1988 July 30 [1984 July 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “世界名作童話第３巻 うらしま太郎 (世界名作童話第３巻 うらしま太郎) [World’s Renowned Fairy Tales Book 3: Urashima Tarō]”, in ポストの中の明日 [Post-Mid-Tomorrow] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 2), 10th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 117

Meanwhile, Earth became the planet of the apes.

Chikyū wa, saru no wakusei ni natteimashita to sa.

銀河系の外から地球にやってきた宇宙人。

1999 October 17, “異次元からの侵略者 [Invader from a Different Dimension]”, in Booster 5, Konami

An alien that came to Earth from outside the Milky Way.

Gingakei no soto kara Chikyū ni yattekita uchūjin.

地球昭

earthshine, illuminating the dark part of the Moon

地球環境モニタリングシステム: Global Environment Monitoring System

地球型惑星

terrestrial planet, an Earth-like planet

地球周回衛星

satellite orbiting the Earth, an Earth orbiter

The template Template:list:planets of the Solar System

ja does not use the parameter(s): Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.(planets of the Solar System) 太陽系の惑星

ガイア

Gaia or Gaea, the Greek goddess of the Earth


七つの大罪

七つの大罪 (canonical)
nanatsu no taizai (romanization)


探偵

→ Korean: 탐정 (tamjeong)

探偵業務

探偵業務 たんていぎょうむ

何なんだお前は⁉
Nan na n da o-mae wa⁉
Wh-Who the hell are you⁉
工藤新一…探偵ですよ…
Kudō Shin'ichi… Tantei desu yo…

2007 March 15, Gosho Aoyama, “ブラック・スターの巻【前編】 [Black Star [First Chapter]]”, in まじっく快斗 (まじっく快斗) [Magic Kaito], volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 84

a detective (person employed to find information)


狐狸

安んぞ狐狸を問わん

sairō michi ni atareri, izukunzo kori o towan


救世主

救世主 (canonical)
Kyūseishu (romanization)

[kʲɨᵝːse̞ːɕɨᵝ]


印欧祖語

印欧祖語 (canonical)
In'ō Sogo (romanization)

[ĩɰ̃o̞ː so̞ɡo̞]

Compound of 印(いん) (in, “Indian, Indo-”) + 欧(おう) (ō, “European”) + 祖(そ)語(ご) (sogo, “proto-language”).


タンジェント

[tã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑẽ̞nto̞]


ダーウィニズム

適者生存

適者生存 てきしゃせいぞん


ユークリッド幾何学

ja-noun

^ユークリッド きかがく

ユークリッド幾(き)何(か)学(がく) • (Yūkuriddo kikagaku)

ユークリッド幾何学 (canonical)
Yūkuriddo kikagaku (romanization)

[jɯ̟ᵝːkɯ̟ᵝɾʲid̚d̥o̞ kʲika̠ɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

From ユークリッド (yūkuriddo, “Euclid”) + 幾(き)何(か)学(がく) (kikagaku, “geometry”).

ja-compound

(geometry, mathematics) Euclidean geometry

ja:ユークリッド幾何学


植物油

植物油 (canonical)
shokubutsuyu (romanization)

[ɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝbɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝjɯ̟ᵝ]


幾何学

[kʲi̥ka̠ɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

From 幾何 (kika, “geometry”) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy; -graphy”).


逆関数

逆関数 (canonical)
gyakukansū (romanization)


三角法

ja-noun

三(さん)角(かく)法(ほう) • (sankakuhō) ^(←さんかくはふ (sankakufafu)?)

三角法 (canonical)
sankakuhō (romanization)
sankakufafu (romanization)
さんかくはふ (hiragana historical)

[sã̠ŋka̠kɯ̟̊ᵝho̞ː]

三角 (sankaku, “triangle”) + 法 (-hō, “method”)


自然淘汰

ja-noun

自(し)然(ぜん)淘(とう)汰(た) • (shizen tōta) ^(←しぜんたうた (sizen tauta)?)

自然淘汰 (canonical)
shizen tōta (romanization)
sizen tauta (romanization)
しぜんたうた (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 自然淘汰 (zìrán táotài)

Calque of English natural selection.
From 自(し)然(ぜん) (shizen, “natural”) + 淘(とう)汰(た) (tōta, “selection”).


関数

ja-noun

関(かん)数(すう) • (kansū) ^(←くわんすう (kwansuu)?)

関数 (canonical)
kansū (romanization)
kwansuu (romanization)
くわんすう (hiragana historical)

From Chinese 函數／函数 (hánshù, “mathematical function”), itself first used in print in 1859 in Li Shanlan's Chinese translation of Elias Loomis's Elements of Analytical Geometry and of the Differential and Integral Calculus. 関 is a daiyōji replacing 函.

Elias Loomis
Function
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Li Shanlan
ja:関数

正則関数

正則関数 せいそくかんすう

不連続関数

不連続関数 ふれんぞくかんすう

離散関数

離散関数 りさんかんすう

連続関数

連続関数 れんぞくかんすう


ユーロ

ユーロ • (yūro)

euro (currency unit of the European Monetary Union)


適者生存

適者生存 (canonical)
tekisha seizon (romanization)

[téꜜkìshà sèézóń]

[te̞kʲi̥ɕa̠ se̞ːzõ̞ɴ]

Compound of 適(てき)者(しゃ) (tekisha, “adapted one”) + 生(せい)存(ぞん) (seizon, “survives”).
Coined by Japanese biologist and zoologist Ishikawa Chiyomatsu in 1883 in his work 動物進化論 (Dōbutsu Shinkaron) as a translation of English survival of the fittest.
In addition, it was translated as 適(てき)種(しゅ)生(せい)存(ぞん) (tekishu seizon) in the 1881 work 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Philosophy Dictionary”) compiled by Inoue Tetsujirō.

ja-r

てき%しゅ% せい%ぞん

lw

survival of the fittest
survival of the fittest

Inoue Tetsujirō
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
University of Tokyo
ja:適者生存


法王

法王 (canonical)
hōō (romanization)
fofwau (romanization)
ほふわう (hiragana historical)

ローマ法王


法王

法王 (canonical)
-hōō (romanization)
fofwau (romanization)
ほふわう (hiragana historical)

ダライ・ラマ法王

(religion) a religious Leader (Lit. "King of the Law (Dharma)")


三角

三(さん) (san, “three”) + 角(かく) (kaku, “angle”)

ja-compound

三角関係

三角関係 さんかくかんけい

三角定規

三角定規 さんかくじょうぎ

三角測量

三角測量 さんかくそくりょう

三角闘争

三角闘争 さんかくとうそう

三角貿易

三角貿易 さんかくぼうえき


進化

進化する (canonical)
shinka suru (romanization)
進化し (stem)
進化した (past)
進化し
しんかし
shinka shi
進化する
しんかする
shinka suru
進化すれ
しんかすれ
shinka sure
進化せよ (imperative literary)
進化しろ (colloquial imperative)
しんかせよ (imperative literary)
しんかしろ (colloquial imperative)
shinka seyo (imperative literary)
shinka shiro (colloquial imperative)
進化される (passive)
しんかされる (passive)
shinka sareru (passive)
進化させる (causative)
進化さす (causative)
しんかさせる (causative)
しんかさす (causative)
shinka saseru (causative)
shinka sasu (causative)
進化できる (potential)
しんかできる (potential)
shinka dekiru (potential)
進化しよう (volitional)
しんかしよう (volitional)
shinka shiyō (volitional)
進化しない (negative)
しんかしない (negative)
shinka shinai (negative)
進化せず (continuative negative)
しんかせず (continuative negative)
shinka sezu (continuative negative)
進化します (formal)
しんかします (formal)
shinka shimasu (formal)
進化した (perfective)
しんかした (perfective)
shinka shita (perfective)
進化して (conjunctive)
しんかして (conjunctive)
shinka shite (conjunctive)
進化すれば (conditional hypothetical)
しんかすれば (conditional hypothetical)
shinka sureba (conditional hypothetical)

→ Chinese: 進化／进化 (jìnhuà)

→ Korean: 진화 (jinhwa)

→ Vietnamese: tiến hoá


いけ

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE. From Proto-Japonic *ikay.

池: (calligraphy) part of an inkstone where water is stored


淘汰

淘汰 (canonical)
tōta (romanization)
tauta (romanization)
たうた (hiragana historical)

/tau ta/ → /tɔːta/ → /toːta/
Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 淘汰 (táotài).
Equivalent to a compound of Middle Chinese-derived elements 淘 (tō, “wash in sieve”) + 汰 (ta, “scour”).


あがる

ja-verb

あがる • (agaru) godan (stem あがり (agari), past あがった (agatta))

agaru (romanization)
あがり (stem)
あがった (past)


のむ

のむ • (nomu) transitive godan (stem のみ (nomi), past のんだ (nonda))

nomu (romanization)
のみ (stem)
のんだ (past)
のま
noma
のみ
nomi
のむ
nomu
のめ
nome
のまれる (passive)
nomareru (passive)
のませる (causative)
のます (causative)
nomaseru (causative)
nomasu (causative)
のめる (potential)
nomeru (potential)
のもう (volitional)
nomō (volitional)
のまない (negative)
nomanai (negative)
のまず (continuative negative)
nomazu (continuative negative)
のみます (formal)
nomimasu (formal)
のんだ (perfective)
nonda (perfective)
のんで (conjunctive)
nonde (conjunctive)
のめば (conditional hypothetical)
nomeba (conditional hypothetical)
のま (irrealis stem)
noma (irrealis stem)
のみ (continuative stem)
nomi (continuative stem)
のむ (stem terminative)
nomu (stem terminative)
のむ (attributive stem)
nomu (attributive stem)
のめ (realis stem)
nome (realis stem)
のめ (imperative stem)
nome (imperative stem)
のまず (negative)
nomazu (negative)
のめど (contrastive)
nomedo (contrastive)
のめば (causative)
nomeba (causative)
のまば (conditional)
nomaba (conditional)
のみき (past)
nomiki (past)
のみけり (past)
nomikeri (past)
のみつ (perfect)
nomitu (perfect)
のみぬ (perfect)
nominu (perfect)
のめり (continuative perfect)
のみたり (continuative perfect)
nomeri (continuative perfect)
nomitari (continuative perfect)
のまむ (volitional)
nomamu (volitional)

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE. Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *nəmu.
Cognates
In the Ryukyuan branch of Japonic, cognate with Kikai 飲みゅい (numyui), Kunigami 飲みん (numin), Miyako 飲むっ (num), Northern Amami-Oshima 飲むり (numuri), Okinawan 飲むん (numun), Oki-No-Erabu 飲みゅん (numyun), Southern Amami-Oshima 飲みゅむっ (numyum), Toku-No-Shima 飲み (numi), Yaeyama 飲むん (numun), Yonaguni 飲むん (numun), and Yoron 飲みゅん (numyun).

私たちはさじでスープを飲む。

私はミルクを飲んでいた。

飲む, 呑む: to drink, to gulp, to swallow; to eat (soup)


アラビア語

アラビア語 (canonical)
Arabia-go (romanization)


素粒子

ja-noun

素(そ)粒(りゅう)子(し) • (soryūshi) ^(←そりふし (sorifusi)?)

素粒子 (canonical)
soryūshi (romanization)
sorifusi (romanization)
そりふし (hiragana historical)

[so̞ɾʲɨᵝːɕi]

From 素 (so, “element”) + 粒子 (ryūshi, “particle”).


いれる

ja-verb

いれる • (ireru) ichidan (stem いれ (ire), past いれた (ireta))

ireru (romanization)
いれ (stem)
いれた (past)


四辺形

四辺形 (canonical)
shihenkei (romanization)

[ɕi̥hẽ̞ŋke̞ː]

Synonym of 四角形 (shikakukei, shikakkei, “quadrilateral”) (polygon having four sides)


平行四辺形

ja-noun

平(へい)行(こう)四(し)辺(へん)形(けい) • (heikō shihenkei) ^(←へいかうしへんけい (feikausifenkei)?)

平行四辺形 (canonical)
heikō shihenkei (romanization)
feikausifenkei (romanization)
へいかうしへんけい (hiragana historical)

[he̞ːko̞ː ɕi̥hẽ̞ŋke̞ː]

平行 (heikō, “parallel”) + 四辺形 (shihenkei, “quadrilateral”)


台形

trapezoid; trapezium (quadrilateral with two sides parallel)


頂点

[t͡ɕo̞ːtẽ̞ɴ]

これがこの赤を師兵の頂点たらしめる炎だッ!!!我龍双煉掌
Kore ga kono Seki o Sūpei no chōten tarashimeru honō da'!!! Garyū Sōrenshō

2003 September 22, Akinobu Uraku, “第60話 少女の決意 [Chapter 60: A Girl’s Resolve]”, in 東京アンダーグラウンド [Tokyo Underground], volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, pages 30–31

This is the flame that helped put me, Seki, at the top of the Supei!!! Garyū Sōrenshō


容認発音

容認発音 (canonical)
yōnin hatsuon (romanization)

Received Pronunciation
Received Pronunciation


妨げ音

妨げ音 (canonical)
samatageon (romanization)


ちょん

ちょん (canonical)
チョン (canonical)
chon (romanization)

(derogatory, ethnic slur) Korean person; kimchi


共鳴音

[kʲo̞ːme̞ːõ̞ɴ]

From 共鳴(きょうめい) (kyōmei, “resonance”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).


一番

ja-noun

一(ひと)番(つがい) • (hitotsugai) ^(←ひとつがひ (fitotugafi)?)

一番 (canonical)
hitotsugai (romanization)
fitotugafi (romanization)
ひとつがひ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 一 (hito, “one”) + 番 (tsugai, “pair, couple, brace”, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 番う.).

compound

(gagaku, bugaku, dance) a style of performance consisting of pairs of left and right dances


彼女

ja-pos

彼(かの)女(じょ) • (kanojo) ^(←かのぢよ (kanodyo)?)

彼女 (canonical)
kanojo (romanization)
kanodyo (romanization)
かのぢよ (hiragana historical)

Daijirin
Daijisen
Edo period
Taishō period
ja:彼女
ja:松村明

First appears in writing in the late Edo period as a compound of 彼の (kano, ano, “that”) + 女 (onna, “woman”) with the reading kano onna or ano onna, simply meaning “that woman”. The kanojo reading arose by replacing the kun'yomi reading of onna for the second character with its on'yomi of jo. The first written appearance of the kanojo reading is in 1876, in the 改正画引小学読本 (Kaisei Gakubiki Shōgaku Dokuhon, “Revised Stroke-ordered Elementary-school Reader”). The first clear use of this term as a pronoun is around 1888, arising out of influence from Western works. The kanojo reading became more common and replaced kano onna and ano onna during the Taishō period (1912-1926).

com

彼氏彼女の事情

「彼女はぼくの『宇宙開拓史』に興味を示した」

1988 July 30 [1984 July 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “ふたりぼっち [Altwo]”, in ポストの中の明日 [Post-Mid-Tomorrow] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 2), 10th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 191

“She showed interest in my ‘History of Cosmic Reclamation’”

“Kanojo wa boku no ‘Uchū Kaitakushi’ ni kyōmi o shimeshita”

やはり彼女が大事な実験体だからか？裂き喰らう城
Yahari kanojo ga daiji na jikkentai dakara ka? Pirumu mūriarisu

Kore Yamazaki, “第5篇 Misfortunes seldom come singly. [Composition 5: Misfortunes seldom come singly.]”, in 魔法使いの嫁 (魔法使いの嫁) [The Ancient Magus’ Bride], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Mag Garden, page 174

After all, she’s your indispensable specimen, right? Pilum murialis

裂き喰らう城 ピルム・ムーリアリス

彼女の本能は、その刃ほども鋭い。

2004 February 6, “レオニンのシカール [Leonin Shikari]”, in ダークスティール [Darksteel], Wizards of the Coast

Kanojo no honnō wa, sono yaiba hodo mo surudoi.

エムラクールの周囲では、彼女の想像に合わせて生命が形を変える。

2016 July 22, “エムラクールの加護 [Boon of Emrakul]”, in 異界月 [Eldritch Moon], Wizards of the Coast

All around Emrakul, life re-formed in her image.

Emurakūru no shūi de wa, kanojo no sōzō ni awasete seimei ga katachi o kaeru.

(formal) Female third-person singular pronoun; she, her


彼女

ja-noun

彼(かの)女(じょ) or 彼女(カノジョ) • (kanojo) ^(←かのぢよ (kanodyo) or カノヂヨ (kanodyo)?)

彼女 (canonical)
彼女 (canonical)
kanojo (romanization)
kanodyo (romanization)
かのぢよ (hiragana historical)
カノヂヨ (hiragana historical)

→ Korean: 그녀(女) (geunyeo) (calque)

あぁ、彼女がほしいなぁ…

いいだろお前 地平線の向こう側へ行ってみたいんだ
Ii daro omae chiheisen no mukōgawa e itte mitai n da
Fine, take me to the other side of the horizon then.
てめーは彼女かぁぁ‼

2004 September 8, Hideaki Sorachi, “第十六訓 考えたら人生ってオッさんになってからの方が長いじゃねーか！ 恐っ‼ [Lesson 16: Come to Think of It, Life Gets Longer When You’re Old! Spooky!!]”, in 銀魂 (銀魂) [Silver Soul], volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha

これって……コムギさん⁉自分の彼女がやられてるのにその恍惚の表情は……ナニ⁉
コムギは寝(ね)取(と)られフェチなのさ
Kore tte…… Komugi-san⁉ Jibun no kanojo ga yararete ru no ni sono kōkotsu no hyōjō wa…… nani⁉
Komugi wa netorare fechi na no sa
That is… Komugi-san!? His girlfriend’s cheating on him, and yet he has that satisfied look on his face… What the heck⁉

2008 July 23, TAGRO, “#05”, in 変ゼミ [Abnormal Physiology Seminar], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, page 83

寝(ね)取(と)られ ＮＴＲ

死ぬ前に彼女欲しかったなあ…………

2013 August 7, ONE with Murata, Yusuke, “21撃目 巨大隕石 [21st Hit: Giant Meteorite]”, in ONEPUNCH-MAN [One-Punch Man], volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, page 25

(colloquial) a girlfriend (a female partner in a romantic relationship)


材木

Material wood, (UK) timber, (US) lumber – wood that has been pre-cut and is ready for use in construction.


裁判所

裁判所 (canonical)
saibansho (romanization)

[sa̠ibã̠ɰ̃ɕo̞]

Compound of 裁判 (saiban, “court”) + 所 (sho, “place”)


来月

[ɾa̠iɡe̞t͡sɨᵝ]

From 来 (rai-, “coming..., next...”) + 月 (getsu, “month”).


裁判官

裁判官 (canonical)
saibankan (romanization)

[sa̠ibã̠ŋkã̠ɴ]

From 裁判 (“trial; court”) + 官 (“government official”).


詐欺

詐欺に遭う
sagi ni au
to be conned
(literally, “to encounter a fraud”)

詐欺を働く
sagi o hataraku
to defraud
(literally, “to work a fraud”)

詐欺がまかり通る


撮影

間接撮影

間接撮影 かんせつさつえい

特殊撮影

特殊撮影 とくしゅさつえい


撮影

撮影する (canonical)
satsuei suru (romanization)
撮影し (stem)
撮影した (past)
撮影し
さつえいし
satsuei shi
撮影する
さつえいする
satsuei suru
撮影すれ
さつえいすれ
satsuei sure
撮影せよ (imperative literary)
撮影しろ (colloquial imperative)
さつえいせよ (imperative literary)
さつえいしろ (colloquial imperative)
satsuei seyo (imperative literary)
satsuei shiro (colloquial imperative)
撮影される (passive)
さつえいされる (passive)
satsuei sareru (passive)
撮影させる (causative)
撮影さす (causative)
さつえいさせる (causative)
さつえいさす (causative)
satsuei saseru (causative)
satsuei sasu (causative)
撮影できる (potential)
さつえいできる (potential)
satsuei dekiru (potential)
撮影しよう (volitional)
さつえいしよう (volitional)
satsuei shiyō (volitional)
撮影しない (negative)
さつえいしない (negative)
satsuei shinai (negative)
撮影せず (continuative negative)
さつえいせず (continuative negative)
satsuei sezu (continuative negative)
撮影します (formal)
さつえいします (formal)
satsuei shimasu (formal)
撮影した (perfective)
さつえいした (perfective)
satsuei shita (perfective)
撮影して (conjunctive)
さつえいして (conjunctive)
satsuei shite (conjunctive)
撮影すれば (conditional hypothetical)
さつえいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
satsuei sureba (conditional hypothetical)


作者

→ Chinese: 作者 (zuòzhě)

→ Korean: 작자 (jakja)

→ Vietnamese: tác giả

[sa̠kɯ̟̊ᵝɕa̠]

きれいな星空だね
Kirei na hoshizora da ne
Look at that beautiful starry sky
そうね
Sō ne
It is, isn’t it?
あ 流れ星
A nagareboshi
Ah, a shooting star
何か 願い事した？
Nani ka Negaigoto shita?
What’d you wish for?
——うん このシーンが１コマでも長く続きますようにって
——Un kono shīn ga hito-koma demo nagaku tsuzukimasu yō nitte
—Umm, I wished I could drag this scene forever
……作者思いだね

1993 November 25 [1989 May 20], Mitsuru Adachi, “第27話 直人の想い [Chapter 27: What Naoto Wants]”, in スローステップ (スローステップ) [Slow Step], 11th edition, volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 74

the creator of a work, such as an author, writer, poet, or artist


酒場

Compound of 酒 (saka, “alcohol”, the older combining form of the standalone reading sake) + 場 (ba, “place”, from older /nipa/ “place”, from which also modern 庭 niwa).

compound

from older /nipa/ “place”, from which also modern <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">庭</i> niwa

バー: a bar

generally more modern and western in style

居酒屋: a Japanese pub

but not necessarily, more traditionally Japanese in style

スナック: a snack bar

usually smaller, with light food available, and often with an emphasis on chatting with the female staff


資金

資金がある

資金が切れる

資金を出す


四季

四季を通じて

四季の移り変わり


裁判

軍事裁判

軍事裁判 ぐんじさいばん

刑事裁判

刑事裁判 けいじさいばん

欠席裁判

欠席裁判 けっせきさいばん

公開裁判

公開裁判 こうかいさいばん

司法裁判

司法裁判 しほうさいばん

宗教裁判

宗教裁判 しゅうきょうさいばん

人民裁判

人民裁判 じんみんさいばん

即決裁判

即決裁判 そっけつさいばん

調停裁判

調停裁判 ちょうていさいばん

民事裁判

民事裁判 みんじさいばん

裁判化学

裁判化学 さいばんかがく

裁判管轄

裁判管轄 さいばんかんかつ

裁判規範

裁判規範 さいばんきはん


細胞

ja-noun

細(さい)胞(ぼう) or 細(さい)胞(ほう) • (saibō or saihō) ^(←さいばう (saibau) or さいはう (saifau)?)

細胞 (canonical)
細胞 (canonical)
saibō (romanization)
saihō (romanization)
saibau (romanization)
saifau (romanization)
さいばう (hiragana historical)
さいはう (hiragana historical)


砂糖

砂糖 (canonical)
satō (romanization)
satau (romanization)
さたう (hiragana historical)

「お砂糖はいりますか？」「いいえ、ブラックで飲みます。」

Do you need sugar? —No, I take it black.

“O-satō wa irimasu ka?” “Īe, burakku de nomimasu.”


差別

人種差別が問題の根底にある。

The racial discrimination constitutes the basis of the problem.

Jinshu sabetsu ga mondai no kontei ni aru.


馬子

蘇我馬子 (Soga-no Umako)

famous leader of the Soga clan (died 626).


つくえ

tsukue (romanization)
tukue (romanization)
つくえ (hiragana historical)

[t͡sɨ̥ᵝkɯ̟ᵝe̞]

机の上に本が三冊ある。


晴れ

連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 晴れる hareru, “to clear”.

晴れ時々曇り


曇り

[kɯ̟ᵝmo̞ɾʲi]

曇りの日です。

今日はくもりです。

昨日、東京は曇りでしたか。


もも

麻倉もも
Asakura Momo
Momo Asakura


ひる

ja-verb

ひる • (hiru) ichidan (stem ひ (hi), past ひた (hita))


天気

天気を自由にあやつれる。山の天気が変わりやすいのはコイツのせい。

1999 March 1, “ウェザー・コントロール [Weather Control]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami

It controls weather at will. Weather in mountainous regions changes at its whim.

Tenki o jiyū ni ayatsureru. Yama no tenki ga kawariyasui no wa koitsu no sei.


りか

梨花, 里佳, 里香, 理香, 利佳, 利加, 利可, 利嘉: a female given name

利夏, 利果, 利架, 利花, 利華, 利賀, 利圭, 利香: a female given name

吏伽, 吏佳, 吏加, 吏花, 吏香, 李佳, 李加, 李歌: a female given name

李花, 李華, 李霞, 李賀, 李香, 梨, 梨伽, 梨佳: a female given name

梨加, 梨可, 梨夏, 梨家, 梨果, 梨歌, 梨珂, 梨禍: a female given name

梨花, 梨賀, 梨樺, 梨香, 理郁, 理化, 理佳, 理加: a female given name


みせ

mise (romanization)
みせ (hiragana historical)

Short for earlier 見(み)せ棚(だな) (misedana), from 見(み)せる (miseru, “to show”) + 棚(たな) (tana, “shelf”).


夕方

ja-noun

夕(ゆう)方(がた) • (yūgata) ^(←ゆふがた (yufugata)?)

夕方 (canonical)
yūgata (romanization)
yufugata (romanization)
ゆうかた (alternative hiragana)
yūkata (Rōmaji)
ゆふかた (hiragana historical)
ゆふがた (hiragana historical)

[jɯ̟ᵝːɡa̠ta̠]


小銭

小 (こ, ko, “small”)
+ 銭 (ぜに, zeni, “money, coin”)


背中

先生 お背中流しましょうか？

1993 November 25 [1989 May 20], Mitsuru Adachi, “第25話 双子のばあさん——ＰＡＲＴ２—— [Chapter 25: The Twin Grannies (Part 2)]”, in [スロー](SLOW)[ステップ](STEP) [SLOW STEP], 11th edition, volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 30

Sensei, would you let me wash your back?


筋肉

[kʲĩɲ̟ɲ̟ikɯ̟ᵝ]

筋肉運動

筋肉運動 きんにくうんどう

筋肉感覚

筋肉感覚 きんにくかんかく

筋肉繊維

筋肉繊維 きんにくせんい

筋肉増強剤

筋肉増強剤 きんにくぞうきょうざい

筋肉組織

筋肉組織 きんにくそしき

筋肉注射

筋肉注射 きんにくちゅうしゃ

筋肉労働

筋肉労働 きんにくろうどう


ピンク

(slang) someone leaning to the left politically, especially someone with communist interests


凍る

ja-verb

凍(こお)る • (kōru) intransitive godan (stem 凍(こお)り (kōri), past 凍(こお)った (kōtta))

凍る (canonical)
kōru (romanization)
凍り (stem)
凍った (past)
凍ら
こおら
kōra
凍り
こおり
kōri
凍る
こおる
kōru
凍れ
こおれ
kōre
凍られる (passive)
こおられる (passive)
kōrareru (passive)
凍らせる (causative)
凍らす (causative)
こおらせる (causative)
こおらす (causative)
kōraseru (causative)
kōrasu (causative)
凍れる (potential)
こおれる (potential)
kōreru (potential)
凍ろう (volitional)
こおろう (volitional)
kōrō (volitional)
凍らない (negative)
こおらない (negative)
kōranai (negative)
凍らず (continuative negative)
こおらず (continuative negative)
kōrazu (continuative negative)
凍ります (formal)
こおります (formal)
kōrimasu (formal)
凍った (perfective)
こおった (perfective)
kōtta (perfective)
凍って (conjunctive)
こおって (conjunctive)
kōtte (conjunctive)
凍れば (conditional hypothetical)
こおれば (conditional hypothetical)
kōreba (conditional hypothetical)

From Old Japanese 凍る (koporu).
Likely cognate with other terms beginning with ko- and related to senses of hard, stiff, such as 凝る (koru, “to stiffen”), 凍ゆ (koyu, “to freeze, to become frozen”, classical) → modern 凍える (kogoeru), 強い (kowai, “hard, tough, stiff”).

(Internet) to suspend an account (usually on Twitter)


会社

ja-noun

会(かい)社(しゃ) • (kaisha) ^(←くわいしや (kwaisya)?)

会社 (canonical)
kaisha (romanization)
kwaisya (romanization)
くわいしや (hiragana historical)

zh-l

會社／会社 (huìshè)

Chinese: 會社／会社 (huìshè)

Korean: 회사 (hoesa)


学校

ja-noun

学(がっ)校(こう) • (gakkō) ^(←がくかう (gakukau)?) (counter 校)

学校 (canonical)
gakkō (romanization)
gakukau (romanization)
校 (counter)
がくかう (hiragana historical)

→ Yami: gako

school (institution dedicated to teaching and learning)

大学校

college, university, academy, or similar educational institution established by a state ministry or other government body


電気

→ Pohnpeian: dengki

→ Sakizaya: dingki

Borrowed from Chinese 電氣／电气 (diànqì, “electricity”), attested since the 1850s.
The electric light sense arose from a contraction of 電気灯 (denkitō), itself from this same 電気 (denki, “electricity; electric”) + 灯 (tō, “lighting”). This sense is first attested in 1901.


お腹

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:松村明

Compound of 御 (o-, honorific prefix) + 中 (naka, “insides; innards, stomach”). Originally coined as a deliberately indirect 女房詞 (nyōbō kotoba, “woman's word”) for 腹 (hara, “belly, gut”).
The use of the 腹 character to spell 中 (naka) appears to be a relatively recent shift; many dictionaries still list 御中 or お中 as the standard spelling for this term, but usage trends clearly show that this お腹 spelling is now more common for the belly senses.

prefix

お腹を壊す: → to become sick to one's stomach


布団

→ Arabic: فُوتُون (futūn)

→ Mandarin: 布團／布团 (bùtuán)

→ English: futon

→ Finnish: futon

→ French: futon

→ German: Futon

→ Korean: 후톤 (huton)

→ Marathi: फुतोन (phuton)

→ Russian: футо́н (futón)

→ Spanish: futón

→ Welsh: ffŵton

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
futon
ja:布団

Borrowed from written Chinese, possibly early Mandarin 蒲團／蒲团 (pútuán), likely as part of the importation of Zen Buddhism, for which practice these were originally used. First cited in Japanese to a text from the early-mid 1200s with the "meditation cushion" sense.
Originally referred literally to a 蒲 (pú, “bulrush, cattail”) 團／团 (tuán, “ball”), from the way these were round cushions made from woven bulrush leaves.
After the term was borrowed, the usage and construction of these cushions changed and the connection with bulrushes was weakened, leading to the simpler character 布 (fu, “cloth”) being used as a replacement for 蒲 (fu, “bulrush, cattail”).

zh-l

蒲團／蒲团 (pútuán)

敷き布団

mattress, bedroll; spreading / lying-down futon

(Buddhism, specifically Zen) a round cushion made of woven bulrush leaves, used for zazen seated Zen meditation


こし

こし (canonical)
コシ (canonical)
koshi (romanization)

From Old Japanese. First appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE. In turn from Proto-Japonic *kəsi.


こし

From Old Japanese. Cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
Theorized to be an extension of the hip sense from the way that upper storeys in older Japanese architecture were usually smaller, resulting in a hipped effect similar to the way that the waist may be narrower than the hips on a person's body.

(rare, possibly obsolete, architecture) a storey


風邪

風邪 (canonical)
風邪 (canonical)
kaze (romanization)

From 風 (kaze, “wind”). The kanji is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 風邪／风邪 (fēngxié).
First cited to a text from 984 CE.

風邪を引く

——ああ、おまえがカゼひいた時一晩中看病してくれた、コンビニエンスストアで知り合った女子大生。
——Ā, omae ga kaze hiita toki hitobanjū kanbyō shite kureta, konbiniensu sutoa de shiriatta joshi daisei.

1996 February 20 [1988 February 15], Mitsuru Adachi, “テイク・オフ [Take Off]”, in SHORT PROGRAM [SHORT PROGRAM], 25th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 102

——Ah, that college schoolgirl you met at a convenience store who spent all night nursing you when you caught that cold.

風邪気味

being under the weather, feeling like a cold is starting


風邪

From Middle Chinese 風邪 (MC pjuwng zjae).


大学

一流大学、東京・青山マンション暮らし。ラグビー部、おまけにベンツ。

1996 February 20 [1988 February 15], Mitsuru Adachi, “近況 [How It’s Going Now]”, in SHORT PROGRAM (SHORT PROGRAM) [SHORT PROGRAM], 25th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 15

Goes to a top-class university, lives in a condo in Aoyama, Tokyo. Plays on a rugby team, and on top of that, has a Merc.

Ichiryū daigaku, Tōkyō Aoyama manshon gurashi. Ragubī-bu, omake ni Bentsu.


ひも

himo (romanization)
fimo (romanization)
本 (counter)
ひも (hiragana historical)

ヒモ男

a husband financial dependent upon his wife

ヒモ生活

freeloader (one who financially relies on another person)


皮膚

Sino-Japonic compound word from Middle Chinese 皮 (MC bje) and Middle Chinese 膚 (MC pju). First attested in 717. Compare Korean 피부 (pibu).


もつ

もつ鍋


工場

ja-noun

工(こう)場(じょう) or 工(こう)場(ば) • (kōjō or kōba) ^(←こうぢやう (koudyau)?)

工場 (canonical)
工場 (canonical)
kōjō (romanization)
kōba (romanization)
koudyau (romanization)
こうぢやう (hiragana historical)

ここにはでっけえ工場ができんだよ。あっちの空き地はデパート、屋上は遊園地になるんだって父ちゃんいってたぜ。

1996 September 15, Mitsuru Adachi, “帰リ道その２ [The Way Home 2]”, in SHORT PROGRAM (SHORT PROGRAM) [Short Program], volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 271

There will be a factory over here. And a department store on that vacant lot over there, with an amusement park on the rooftop. My dad told me so.

Koko ni wa dekkē kōjō ga dekin da yo. Atchi no akichi wa depāto, okujō wa yūenchi ni naru n da tte tō-chan itteta ze.


会議

会議 (canonical)
kaigi (romanization)
kwaigi (romanization)
くわいぎ (hiragana historical)


姉妹

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Man'yōshū of 759. In turn from Middle Chinese 姊妹 (MC tsiX mwojH, literally “older sister + younger sister”).

ltc-l

姉妹誌

(attributive, business) the status of being a sister


姉妹

ja-noun

姉妹(きょうだい) • (kyōdai) ^(←きやうだい (kyaudai)?)

姉妹 (canonical)
kyōdai (romanization)
kyaudai (romanization)
きやうだい (hiragana historical)

Rare spelling of 兄弟 (“siblings”, literally “brothers”). (sisters)


手紙

→ Amis: tikami

Compound of 手 (te, “hand”) + 紙 (kami, “paper”). The kami changes to gami as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
An etymologically unrelated false friend of Chinese 手紙／手纸 (shǒuzhǐ).

a letter, epistle (written message or note)

(archaic) a utility paper used for various purposes, such as for jotting down notes or for wrapping items


手紙

/teɡami/ → /teɡaɴ/
Shift from standard Japanese tegami, dropping the final vowel and keeping the nasal.

(Kagoshima dialect) a letter, epistle (written message or note)


電車

電車 (canonical)
densha (romanization)
本 (counter)

電(でん) (den, “electric”) + 車(しゃ) (sha, “vehicle”)


自動車

ja-noun

自(じ)動(どう)車(しゃ) • (jidōsha) ^(←じどうしや (zidousya)?)

自動車 (canonical)
jidōsha (romanization)
zidousya (romanization)
じどうしや (hiragana historical)

大型自動車

大型自動車 おおがたじどうしゃ

貨物自動車

貨物自動車 かもつじどうしゃ

軽自動車: kei car

軽自動車 けいじどうしゃ

小型自動車

小型自動車 こがたじどうしゃ

辻自動車

辻自動車 つじじどうしゃ

乗用自動車: automobile

乗用自動車 じょうようじどうしゃ

電気自動車

電気自動車 でんきじどうしゃ

乗合自動車

乗合自動車 のりあいじどうしゃ

中古自動車

中古自動車 ちゅうこじどうしゃ

自動車学校

自動車学校 じどうしゃがっこう

自動車事故

自動車事故 じどうしゃじこ

自動車税

自動車税 じどうしゃぜい

自動車泥

自動車泥 じどうしゃどろ

自動車電話

自動車電話 じどうしゃでんわ

自動車保険

自動車保険 じどうしゃほけん


伯母

From 小 (o, “little”) + 母 (ha, “mother”). The kanji is jukujikun (熟字訓). Compare 小母 (oba).

an aunt (parent’s sister or sister-in-law) older than one's parent


伯母

From Chinese 伯母 (bómǔ, “paternal aunt”).

an aunt (a parent’s sister or sister-in-law)


飛行機

飛(ひ)行(こう)機(き) • (hikōki) ^(←ひかうき (fikauki)?) (counter 機)

飛行機 (canonical)
hikōki (romanization)
fikauki (romanization)
機 (counter)
ひかうき (hiragana historical)

First attested in 1908, cited from the 万朝報 (Yorozu Chōho) serial in its October 3 issue.
From 飛行 (hikō, “flying, flight”) + 機 (-ki, “machine”), a calque of English flying machine.


売春婦

売春婦 (canonical)
baishunfu (romanization)

[ba̠iɕɨ̃ᵝɰ̃ɸɯ̟ᵝ]

売春 (baishun, “prostitution”) + 婦 (fu, “woman”).


祖父

From Middle Chinese 祖父 (MC tsuX bjuX). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.


叔母

叔母 (canonical)
oba (romanization)
woba (romanization)
をば (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese. Attested in a text from 701. In turn, reconstructed as descending from Proto-Japonic *wonpa.
Likely a compound of 小 (o-, “small, young”) + 母 (ha, “mother”). Compare 叔父 (oji, “grandfather”), also likely from 小 (o-) + 父 (chi, “father”).


なる

ja-verb

なる • (naru) intransitive godan (stem なり (nari), past なった (natta))

naru (romanization)
なり (stem)
なった (past)
なら
nara
なり
nari
なる
naru
なれ
nare
なられる (passive)
narareru (passive)
ならせる (causative)
ならす (causative)
naraseru (causative)
narasu (causative)
なれる (potential)
nareru (potential)
なろう (volitional)
narō (volitional)
ならない (negative)
naranai (negative)
ならず (continuative negative)
narazu (continuative negative)
なります (formal)
narimasu (formal)
なった (perfective)
natta (perfective)
なって (conjunctive)
natte (conjunctive)
なれば (conditional hypothetical)
nareba (conditional hypothetical)
なら (irrealis stem)
nara (irrealis stem)
なり (continuative stem)
nari (continuative stem)
なる (stem terminative)
naru (stem terminative)
なる (attributive stem)
naru (attributive stem)
なれ (realis stem)
nare (realis stem)
なれ (imperative stem)
nare (imperative stem)
ならず (negative)
narazu (negative)
なれど (contrastive)
naredo (contrastive)
なれば (causative)
nareba (causative)
ならば (conditional)
naraba (conditional)
なりき (past)
nariki (past)
なりけり (past)
narikeri (past)
なりつ (perfect)
naritu (perfect)
なりぬ (perfect)
narinu (perfect)
なれり (continuative perfect)
なりたり (continuative perfect)
nareri (continuative perfect)
naritari (continuative perfect)
ならむ (volitional)
naramu (volitional)


和暦

Coordinate term: 西暦 (seireki, “Western calendar”)


ラジウム

[ɾa̠ʑiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


フランシウム

[ɸɯ̟ᵝɾã̠ɰ̃ɕiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


プルトニウム

[pɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝto̞ɲ̟iɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


炊飯器

[sɨᵝihã̠ŋʲkʲi]

電気炊飯器

電気炊飯器 でんきすいはんき


イケメン

Chinese: 池面

From イケてる (iketeru, “cool”) and メンズ (menzu, “men”).


兄弟

ja-noun

兄(きょう)弟(だい) • (kyōdai) ^(←きやうだい (kyaudai)?)

兄弟 (canonical)
kyōdai (romanization)
kyaudai (romanization)
けいてい (alternative hiragana)
keitei (Rōmaji)
きやうだい (hiragana historical)

From 兄 (kyō, “elder brother”, Go-on) + 弟 (dai, “younger brother”, Go-on), from Middle Chinese 兄弟.
Alternatively, from 兄 (kei, “elder brother”) (Kan-on) + 弟 (tei, “younger brother”) (Kan-on), from Chinese 兄弟. Compare 兄妹 (keimai, “elder brother and younger sister”), 姉弟 (shitei, “elder sister and younger brother”), and 姉妹 (shimai, “elder and younger sisters”).

af

男兄弟

女兄弟

兄妹

siblings, an elder brother and a younger sister

姉弟

siblings, an elder sister and a younger brother


過去

過去 (canonical)
kako (romanization)
kwako (romanization)
くわこ (hiragana historical)

過去を断ち切る力 見せてもらいたいものね

2003 September 22, Akinobu Uraku, “第61話 愛しきものの為に [Chapter 61: All for Our Loved Ones]”, in 東京アンダーグラウンド [Tokyo Underground], volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, pages 48–49

Your willingness to cut ties with the past. Show me.

Kako o tachikiru chikara misete moraitai mono ne

六武衆を陰で支える謎多き人物。今はもう闘う事はないが、体に刻まれた無数の傷跡が何かを語る。その過去を知る者はいない。

2007 July 21, “六武衆の侍従 [Chamberlain of the Six Samurai]”, in GLADIATOR'S ASSAULT, Konami

An enigmatic character who supports the Six Samurai from the shadows. He no longer engages in battles, but countless scars on his body definitely tell something. No one really knows about that past of his, though.

Rokubushū o kage de sasaeru nazōoki jinbutsu. Ima wa mō tatakau koto wa nai ga, karada ni kizamareta musū no kizuato ga nanika o kataru. Sono kako o shiru mono wa inai.

the past (period of time that has already happened)


葉書

葉書 (canonical)
葉書 (canonical)
hagaki (romanization)

郵便葉書

郵便葉書 ゆうびんはがき


一日三秋

ja-noun

一(いち)日(じつ)三(さん)秋(しゅう) • (ichijitsu sanshū)

一日三秋 (canonical)
ichijitsu sanshū (romanization)

[it͡ɕiʑit͡sɨᵝ sã̠ɰ̃ɕɨᵝː]

Yojijukugo (四字熟語), from 一(いち) (ichi, “one”) + 日(じつ) (jitsu, “day”) + 三(さん) (san, “three”) + 秋(しゅう) (shū, “autumns”).


エレベーター

ja-noun

エレベーター • (erebētā)

Borrowed from American English elevator.

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:エレベーター
ja:松村明


奥さん

[o̞kɯ̟̊ᵝsã̠ɴ]

From 奥様(おくさま) (okusama); equivalent to 奥(おく) (oku) + さん (san).

(honorific) wife (referring to someone else's wife, not one's own)


菓子

菓子 (canonical)
kashi (romanization)
kwasi (romanization)
くわし (hiragana historical)

氷菓子: candy made from ingredient such as dairy

and sugar water

e.g. ice pop, sherbert, etc and in a wider sense, including ice cream


オレンジ色

オレンジ色 (canonical)
orenji-iro (romanization)

[o̞ɾẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑi iɾo̞]

オレンジ (orenji, “orange”) + 色 (-iro, “color”)

suf

あ 名前！「みかん」がいいよ オレンジ色だから

1997 December 12, Abiko, Miwa, “みかん・絵日記特別編 吐夢と不思議な猫 [Mikan Picture Diary Special: Tom and the Mysterious Cat]”, in みかん・絵日記 [Mikan Picture Diary], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Hakusensha, page 20

Ah, we gotta name him! How does “Mikan” sound? You know, ’cos he’s orange.

A namae!“Mikan” ga ii yo Orenji-iro dakara


毒物学

毒物学 (canonical)
dokubutsugaku (romanization)


大勢

From Middle Chinese 大勢 (MC dajH syejH). The kan'on, so likely the reading as borrowed from Chinese.

see also 中勢 (chūsei, “a medium-term swing or trend in prices”)

(business, stocks) a major swing or trend in prices lasting at least half the year


鉛筆

鉛筆 (canonical)
enpitsu (romanization)
本 (counter)

[ẽ̞mpʲi̥t͡sɨᵝ]


鉛筆

(dialect, Ibaraki) a pencil (graphite writing-instrument)


マイケル

A transliteration of the English male given name Michael


書法

書法 (canonical)
shohō (romanization)
syofau (romanization)
しょはう (hiragana historical)


アクチニウム

[a̠kɯ̟̊ᵝt͡ɕiɲ̟iɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


永和

the Eiwa era, 1375-1379 by Northern Court reckoning

天授

era contemporary to Eiwa (Southern Court reckoning)


宇宙背景放射

ja-noun

うちゅうはいけいほうしゃ

宇(う)宙(ちゅう)背(はい)景(けい)放(ほう)射(しゃ) • (uchūhaikeihōsha)

宇宙背景放射 (canonical)
uchūhaikeihōsha (romanization)

From 宇宙(space) + 背景(background) + 放射(radiation)

cosmic background radiation
cosmic background radiation


米航空宇宙局

ja-pos

べいこうくううちゅうきょく

米(べい)航(こう)空(くう)宇(う)宙(ちゅう)局(きょく) • (Beikōkūuchūkyoku)

米航空宇宙局 (canonical)
Beikōkūuchūkyoku (romanization)

米(べい) (bei, “America”) + 航(こう)空(くう) (kōkū, “aeronautics”) + 宇(う)宙(ちゅう) (uchū, “universe”) + 局(きょく) (kyoku, “bureau”)

ja-compound

あめりかこうくううちゅうきょく

National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA

米国航空宇宙局

米国航空宇宙局 べいこくこうくううちゅうきょく

アメリカ航空宇宙局

航空宇宙局 こうくううちゅうきょく


原生生物

原生生物 (canonical)
gensei-seibutsu (romanization)


灰色

ja-noun

灰(はい)色(いろ) • (haiiro) ^(←はひいろ (fafiiro)?)

灰色 (canonical)
haiiro (romanization)
fafiiro (romanization)
はひいろ (hiragana historical)

From 灰(はい) (hai, “ash”) + 色(いろ) (iro, “color”).

灰色狼

灰色狼 はいいろおおかみ

灰色経済

灰色経済 はいいろけいざい

灰色高官

灰色高官 はいいろこうかん

灰色の人生

arousing doubt or suspicion of dishonesty or criminal activity


灰色

ja-noun

灰(かい)色(しょく) • (kaishoku) ^(←くわいしよく (kwaisyoku)?)

灰色 (canonical)
kaishoku (romanization)
kwaisyoku (romanization)
くわいしよく (hiragana historical)


宇宙論

宇(う)宙(ちゅう)論(ろん) • (uchūron) ^(←うちうろん (utiuron)?)

宇宙論 (canonical)
uchūron (romanization)
utiuron (romanization)
うちうろん (hiragana historical)

[ɯ̟ᵝt͡ɕɨᵝːɾõ̞ɴ]

宇宙 (uchū, “cosmos”) + 論 (-ron, “theory”)


ウィキペディア

上級国民についてのウィキペディア
Jōkyū-kokumin nitsuiteno Wikipedia
a Wikipedia article about Jokyū-kokumin


微生物

微生物 (canonical)
biseibutsu (romanization)

[bʲise̞ːbɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]


宇宙線

宇(う)宙(ちゅう) (uchū, “space”) + 線(せん) (sen, “ray”).


浴室

浴室 (canonical)
yokushitsu (romanization)

bathroom (a room where baths or showers are taken)


二百五

二百五 (canonical)
nihyaku go (romanization)

[ɲ̟iça̠kɯ̟ᵝɡo̞]


ドイツ語

ドイツ語 (canonical)
doitsugo (romanization)


ドイツ人

ドイツ人 (canonical)
Doitsujin (romanization)

[do̞it͡sɨᵝʑĩɴ]


フランス語

フランス語 (canonical)
Furansu-go (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟ᵝɾã̠ɰ̃sɨᵝɡo̞]

From フランス (Furansu, “France”) + 語 (-go, “language”).

suf

ジョンさんはフランス語ができる。

「ロワゾ」——フランス語で「鳥」という意味よ
“Rowazo”—— Furansu-go de “Tori” to iu imi yo

1997 July 17, Seimaru Amagi with Sato, Fumiya, “ファイル17 仏蘭西銀貨殺人事件⑭ [File 17: The French Silver Coin Murder Case #14]”, in 金田一少年の事件簿 (金田一少年の事件簿) [Young Kindaichi Case Files], volume 25 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha

“L’Oiseau” — meaning “The Bird” in French


帰る

ja-verb

帰(かえ)る • (kaeru) ^(←かへる (kaferu)?)intransitive godan (stem 帰(かえ)り (kaeri), past 帰(かえ)った (kaetta))

帰る (canonical)
kaeru (romanization)
kaferu (romanization)
帰り (stem)
帰った (past)
帰ら
かえら
kaera
帰り
かえり
kaeri
帰る
かえる
kaeru
帰れ
かえれ
kaere
帰られる (passive)
かえられる (passive)
kaerareru (passive)
帰らせる (causative)
帰らす (causative)
かえらせる (causative)
かえらす (causative)
kaeraseru (causative)
kaerasu (causative)
帰れる (potential)
かえれる (potential)
kaereru (potential)
帰ろう (volitional)
かえろう (volitional)
kaerō (volitional)
帰らない (negative)
かえらない (negative)
kaeranai (negative)
帰らず (continuative negative)
かえらず (continuative negative)
kaerazu (continuative negative)
帰ります (formal)
かえります (formal)
kaerimasu (formal)
帰った (perfective)
かえった (perfective)
kaetta (perfective)
帰って (conjunctive)
かえって (conjunctive)
kaette (conjunctive)
帰れば (conditional hypothetical)
かえれば (conditional hypothetical)
kaereba (conditional hypothetical)
帰ら (irrealis stem)
かへら (irrealis stem)
kafera (irrealis)
帰り (continuative stem)
かへり (continuative stem)
kaferi (continuative)
帰る (stem terminative)
かへる (stem terminative)
kaferu (terminative)
帰る (attributive stem)
かへる (attributive stem)
kaferu (attributive)
帰れ (realis stem)
かへれ (realis stem)
kafere (realis)
帰れ (imperative stem)
かへれ (imperative stem)
kafere (imperative)
帰らず (negative)
かへらず (negative)
kaferazu (negative)
帰れど (contrastive)
かへれど (contrastive)
kaferedo (contrastive)
帰れば (causative)
かへれば (causative)
kafereba (causative)
帰らば (conditional)
かへらば (conditional)
kaferaba (conditional)
帰りき (past)
かへりき (past)
kaferiki (past)
帰りけり (past)
かへりけり (past)
kaferikeri (past)
帰りつ (perfect)
かへりつ (perfect)
kaferitu (perfect)
帰りぬ (perfect)
かへりぬ (perfect)
kaferinu (perfect)
帰れり (continuative perfect)
帰りたり (continuative perfect)
かへれり (continuative perfect)
かへりたり (continuative perfect)
kafereri (continuative perfect)
kaferitari (continuative perfect)
帰らむ (volitional)
かへらむ (volitional)
kaferamu (volitional)

宝の山に入りながら手を空しくして帰る

returning to a mountain of treasure in vain; missed opportunity

takara no yama ni irinagara te o munashikushite kaeru, →

錦衣を着て故郷に帰る

wearing a brocade and going home; promoted and going home

行きは良い良い帰りは恐い

going is easy but returning is hard or scary; no guarantees returning

行き大名の帰り乞食

go as a daimyo, return as a beggar; fruitless waste

落花枝に帰らず

a branch of fallen flowers never return; a parted husband and wife do not return

落花枝に帰らず破鏡再び照らさず

a branch of fallen flowers never return, a broken mirror does not shine again; a parted husband and wife do not return

rakka eda ni kaerazu hakyō futatabi terasazu, →

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kapiaru.
Cognate with 返る (kaeru, “to return”), by extension of returning to one's home.
Compare 帰す (kaesu, “to send someone home”, transitive).

帰らぬ人

person that never returns; a dead person


駅前

私は明日３時に駅前で待っています。

I will wait for you in front of the station at 3 o'clock tomorrow.

Watashi wa ashita sanji ni ekimae de matte imasu.


スペイン風邪

スペイン風邪 (canonical)
Supein kaze (romanization)

スペイン (Supein, “Spain”) + 風邪 (kaze, “cold”)


スペイン人

スペイン人 (canonical)
Supein-jin (romanization)

[sɨ̥ᵝpe̞ĩɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]

スペイン (“Spain”) + 人 (-jin, “citizen; native”)


アブサン

[a̠bɯ̟ᵝsã̠ɴ]


苦蓬

苦蓬 (canonical)
苦蓬 (canonical)
nigayomogi (romanization)

苦(にが) (niga, “bitter”) + 蓬(よもぎ) (yomogi, “mugwort”)

ja-compound

Artemisia absinthium
Artemisia absinthium#Translingual

absinthium, common wormwood, Artemisia absinthium


フランスパン

[ɸɯ̟ᵝɾã̠ɰ̃sɨ̥ᵝ pã̠ɴ]

Compound of フランス (Furansu, “France”) + パン (pan, “bread”).

compound

baguette, French bread, French stick (a variety of bread that is long and narrow in shape)

Daijirin Daijisen ja:NHK出版 ja:NHK放送文化研究所 ja:松村明


ドイツ民主共和国

ja-pos

ドイツ みんしゅ きょうわこく

ドイツ民(みん)主(しゅ)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Doitsu Minshu Kyōwakoku)

ドイツ民主共和国 (canonical)
Doitsu Minshu Kyōwakoku (romanization)

[do̞it͡sɨᵝ mʲĩɰ̃ɕɨᵝ kʲo̞ːɰᵝa̠ko̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

From ドイツ (Doitsu, “Germany”) + 民主 (minshu, “democratic”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”), a calque of German Deutsche Demokratische Republik.

cal

German Democratic Republic
German Democratic Republic

(history) the German Democratic Republic


算盤

[so̞ɾo̞bã̠ɴ]

Ambrogio Calepino
Daijisen
Muromachi period
Nippo Jisho
Tang dynasty
ja:松村明
算盤

Japanese sources consistently describe the abacus itself as being imported to Japan from China some time during the Muromachi period (1336–1573), although there is some disagreement as to whether this happened early in the period, or late.
First attested with the reading soroban in the 1595 trilingual Latin-Portuguese-Japanese dictionary Dictionarium Latino Lusitanicum, Ac Iaponicum, also 羅葡日対訳辞書 (Ra-Ho-Nichi Taiyaku Jisho, “Latin-Portuguese-Japanese Translation Dictionary”) based on work originally by Ambrogio Calepino, corroborated in the Nippo Jisho of 1603.
Japanese sources generally describe the soroban reading as a shift or corruption from the reading swanpan, the 唐音 (tōon, literally "Tang sound", referring to the Chinese-derived kanji readings that were borrowed into Japanese during the Tang dynasty or later) for the kanji spelling. However, this is problematic on phonological grounds:
* There is no known phonological process whereby swan would become soro in Japanese.
* Middle Chinese swan consistently became Japanese san in all other known instances of the Chinese reading swan for any kanji character.
* The character 算 appearing as the first character in 算盤 (soroban) is also read as san, and san is similarly listed as a synonym for soroban in the 1595 dictionary entry.
An alternative, albeit speculative, explanation is that this soro- is some other morpheme unrelated to the Chinese. If so, this might be native root soro-, as seen in adverb そろそろ (sorosoro, “quietly and calmly”), そろり (sorori) and そろっと (sorotto, “quietly and smoothly; slidingly, glidingly”), verb 揃う (sorou, “to be in alignment; to be in order; to match, to go together”).
Notably, this term appears historically with the alternative kanji spelling 三羅盤. Given the expected Japanese readings of these characters, this may have been read as saraban. Root sara- -- and also root suru- -- also appear in various terms related to senses of smooth, gliding, sliding.

ja-r

手を算盤として六進法で計算する

calculate in base-6 using one's hands as an abacus

te o soroban to shite roku-shinhō de keisan suru

算盤勘定

算盤勘定 そろばんかんじょう


算盤

ja-noun

算(さん)盤(ばん) • (sanban) ^(←さんばん (sanban)?)

算盤 (canonical)
sanban (romanization)
さんばん (hiragana historical)

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 算盤 (MC swanX ban, “abacus”, literally “calculation + board, grid”). Compare modern Min Nan reading sǹg-pôaⁿ, Mandarin suànpán.
Japanese sources consistently describe the abacus itself as being imported to Japan from China some time during the Muromachi period (1336–1573), although there is some disagreement as to whether this happened early in the period, or late.
First attested with the reading sanban to a text from 1688.

ltc-l

(mathematics) a kind of grid used in 和算 (wasan, “traditional Japanese mathematics”) to calculate higher-order functions


アメリカ人

アメリカ人 (canonical)
Amerika-jin (romanization)

[a̠me̞ɾʲika̠ʑĩɴ]

Compound of アメリカ (Amerika, “America”) + 人 (-jin, “person”).
First cited to a text from circa 1870.


ドイツ連邦共和国

ja-pos

ドイツ れんぽう きょうわこく

ドイツ連(れん)邦(ぽう)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Doitsu Renpō Kyōwakoku)

ドイツ連邦共和国 (canonical)
Doitsu Renpō Kyōwakoku (romanization)

[do̞it͡sɨᵝ ɾẽ̞mpo̞ː kʲo̞ːɰᵝa̠ko̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Calque of German Bundesrepublik Deutschland, equivalent to ドイツ (Doitsu, “Germany”) + 連邦 (renpō, “federation”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

af

Federal Republic of Germany
Federal Republic of Germany

(history) the Federal Republic of Germany (official name of former West Germany)


宇宙

万象

all things, all of the universe, every manifestation of nature


饕餮

(figuratively) a brutal or covetous person


草書

草書 (canonical)
sōsho (romanization)
sausyo (romanization)
さうしよ (hiragana historical)


大陸

大陸斜面

大陸斜面 たいりくしゃめん

大陸移動

大陸移動 たいりくいどう

大陸国家

大陸国家 たいりくこっか

大陸横断鉄道

大陸横断鉄道 たいりくおうだんてつどう

アフリカ大陸


ショタコン

A shortened form of 正太郎コンプレックス (Shōtarō konpurekkusu), derived from 金田正太郎 (Kaneda Shōtarō), the name of the protagonist of Tetsujin 28-go. Modeled after ロリコン (rorikon).

A sexual complex where an adult is attracted to an underage boy.


にゃあ

ja-pos

にゃあ or ニャー • (nyā)

にゃあ (canonical)
ニャー (canonical)
nyā (romanization)


不可算

ja-noun

不(ふ)可(か)算(ざん) or 不(ふ)可(か)算(さん) • (fukazan or fukasan)

不可算 (canonical)
不可算 (canonical)
fukazan (romanization)
fukasan (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟ᵝka̠sã̠ɴ]

不(ふ) (fu-, “un-”) + 可(か)算(さん) (kasan, “countable”)

com-ja

不可算名詞

不可算名詞 ふかざんめいし


技術

[ɡʲiʑɨᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

Calque of English mechanical art. Coined by Nishi Amane in the encyclopedia Hyakugaku Renkan.


お婆さん

→ Hokkien: 歐巴桑／欧巴桑 (o͘-bá-sáng)

→ Mandarin: OBS (ōubāsāng)

→ Mandarin: 歐巴桑／欧巴桑 (ōubāsāng)


水道

From 水 (sui, “water; cold water”) + 道 (dō, “passage; duct”).

水道工事

水道工事 すいどうこうじ

水道料金

水道料金 すいどうりょうきん

上下水道

上下水道 じょうげすいどう


太極

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 太極 (MC thajH gik).
First cited to a text from roughly 1060, with the spelling 大極.
The main spelling in Japanese is 太極. The alternative with 大 instead of 太 appears to be largely obsolete, and is not listed in many dictionaries.

太極図

an image of the absolute, most commonly the yin-yang symbol

太極図門

a seal or crest using an image of the absolute

(Chinese philosophy) the Absolute: the condition as it existed before the creation of the world


孟子

孟子 (canonical)
Mōshi (romanization)
mausi (romanization)
まうし (hiragana historical)

Four Books
w:Four Books and Five Classics


カレリア語

カレリア語 (canonical)
Kareriago (romanization)


神学

[ɕĩŋɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

theology (study of God, or a god, or gods)


神権

ja-noun

神(しん)権(けん) • (shinken) ^(←しんけん (sinken)?)

神権 (canonical)
shinken (romanization)
sinken (romanization)
しんけん (hiragana historical)


神経

The word 神(しん)経(けい) (shinkei) was first used in a book called Kaitai Shinsho (解体新書) published in Japan in 1774 by Sugita Genpaku (杉田玄白) and others as a translation of "Ontleedkundige Tafelen", the Dutch version of the original German book called "Anatomische Tabellen."
In order to translate the Dutch term "zenuw", Genpaku coined the word 神(しん)経(けい) (shinkei) by combining the word 神(しん)気(き) (shinki, “life energy”) and 経(けい)脈(みゃく) (keimyaku, “network of paths”). The original German medical book was published in 1734, and Genpaku and his colleagues spent three years translating the Dutch version and it is recognized as the first Japanese publication relating to the human anatomy as understood by the western medical science. The Dutch version was used because that was perhaps the only foreign language familiar to Japanese at that time as Dutch shipping was the only authorized merchant ships to enter Nagasaki, the only open port recognized by the Tokugawa Shogunate while Japan refused to deal with outside world under the strict isolation policy in effect at that time.


神通力

ja-noun

神(じん)通(つう)力(りき) or 神(じん)通(ずう)力(りき) • (jintsūriki or jinzūriki)

神通力 (canonical)
神通力 (canonical)
jintsūriki (romanization)
jinzūriki (romanization)

[d͡ʑĩnt͡sɨᵝːɾʲikʲi]

[d͡ʑĩnd͡zɨᵝːɾʲikʲi]

Compound of 神通 (jintsū, “superpower, divine or occult power or talent”, where jintsū is the older reading for modern jinzū) + 力 (riki, “power”).

compound

(by extension, occult) a superpower, a supernatural, divine, or occult power


神官

ja-noun

神(しん)官(かん) • (shinkan) ^(←しんくわん (sinkwan)?)

神官 (canonical)
shinkan (romanization)
sinkwan (romanization)
しんくわん (hiragana historical)


神父

(Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy) a father, a priest


神主

神(かん)主(ぬし) • (kannushi) ^(←かむぬし (kamunusi)?)

神主 (canonical)
kannushi (romanization)
kamunusi (romanization)
しんしゅ (alternative hiragana)
shinshu (Rōmaji)
かむぬし (hiragana historical)

[kã̠nːɯ̟ᵝɕi]


神器

(Shinto) an item used in Shinto ceremonies to worship a god


神道

神(しん)道(とう) or 神(しん)道(どう) • (shintō or shindō) ^(←しんたう (sintau)?)

神道 (canonical)
神道 (canonical)
shintō (romanization)
shindō (romanization)
sintau (romanization)
しんたう (hiragana historical)

Daijisen
Nippo Jisho
Shinto
Shoku Nihongi
ja:松村明
ja:神道
神道

/sintau/ → /sintɔː/ → /sintoː/
Probably coined in Japan of components borrowed originally from Middle Chinese. Literally “the way of the gods”.
Attested at least since a portion of the Shoku Nihongi dated to 782.
May also be encountered with the reading shindō with rendaku. However, this reading is missing from some modern references, or is indicated as an alternative reading. The 1603 Nippo Jisho also only lists xintǒ without rendaku.

Shintō, a religion indigenous to Japan that worships spirits


戦車

戦車 (canonical)
sensha (romanization)
台 (counter)


戦略

[sẽ̞nɾʲa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]


バス

→ Hakka: 巴士 (pa-sṳ́)

→ Hokkien: 巴士 (bá-suh)

→ Kavalan: basu

→ Sakizaya: basu


バス

(music) bass (the lower spectrum of sound of a singing voice or musical instrument)

コントラバス コントラバス#Japanese

(music) Clipping of コントラバス: a contrabass, a double bass, a bass


畜生

畜(ちく)生(しょう) • (chikushō) ^(←ちくしやう (tikusyau)?)

畜生 (canonical)
chikushō (romanization)
tikusyau (romanization)
ちくしやう (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕi̥kɯ̟ᵝɕo̞ː]

/tikusjau/ → /t͡ɕikusjoː/
From Middle Chinese 畜生 (MC trhjuwH sraeng, literally “livestock + livestock; sacrificial animal”), itself influenced by Sanskrit तिर्यञ्च् (tiryañc, “a beast; the organic world”) or Sanskrit तिर्यग्योनि (tiryagyoni, “animal creation”).

der

(Buddhism) a beast: a generic term for animals, birds, fish and insects, as the reincarnated form of one who had bad karma in a previous life


好感

好感する (canonical)
kōkan suru (romanization)
好感し (stem)
好感した (past)

(chiefly business) to have good impression


エッチ

エッチする (canonical)
えっちする (canonical)
etchi suru (romanization)
エッチし (stem)
エッチした (past)
エッチし
etchi shi
エッチする
etchi suru
エッチすれ
etchi sure
エッチせよ (imperative literary)
エッチしろ (colloquial imperative)
etchi seyo (imperative literary)
etchi shiro (colloquial imperative)
エッチされる (passive)
etchi sareru (passive)
エッチさせる (causative)
エッチさす (causative)
etchi saseru (causative)
etchi sasu (causative)
エッチできる (potential)
etchi dekiru (potential)
エッチしよう (volitional)
etchi shiyō (volitional)
エッチしない (negative)
etchi shinai (negative)
エッチせず (continuative negative)
etchi sezu (continuative negative)
エッチします (formal)
etchi shimasu (formal)
エッチした (perfective)
etchi shita (perfective)
エッチして (conjunctive)
etchi shite (conjunctive)
エッチすれば (conditional hypothetical)
etchi sureba (conditional hypothetical)

English-based initialism of 変態 (hentai, “sexual perversion”).


日本食

日本食 (canonical)
nihonshoku (romanization)

日本料理

日本料理 にほんりょうり


警察官

ja-noun

警(けい)察(さつ)官(かん) • (keisatsukan) ^(←けいさつくわん (keisatukwan)?)

警察官 (canonical)
keisatsukan (romanization)
keisatukwan (romanization)
けいさつくわん (hiragana historical)

[ke̞ːsa̠t͡sɨ̥ᵝkã̠ɴ]

From 警察(けいさつ) (keisatsu, “police”) + 官(かん) (-kan, “government official”).

ja-com

男性警察官

女性警察官
josei keisatsukan
policewoman


日向

Compound of 日 (hi, “sun”) + な (na, Old Japanese possessive particle) + た (ta, “direction, side”).
The ta element is found in terms such as あなた (anata, “you”, originally “that side (distant)”), そなた (sonata, “you”, archaic; originally “that side (nearby)”).


日向

日向 (canonical)
Hyūga (romanization)
fiuga (romanization)
ひうが (hiragana historical)

⟨pi₁muka⟩ → */pʲimuka/ → /ɸimuka/ → /ɸiũɡa/ → /hjuːɡa/
Shift from Old Japanese 日向 (Pi₁muka → Himuka).
Equivalent to a compound of 日 (hi, “sun”) + 向か (muka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of verb 向く (muku), “to face (a direction)”).

日向夏

hyūganatsu, Citrus × tamurana, a kind of citrus fruit


日向

ja-pos

日(にっ)向(こう) • (Nikkō) ^(←にちかう (nitikau)?)

日(ひ)向(むかい) • (Himukai) ^(←ひむかひ (fimukafi)?)

日向 (canonical)
Nikkō (romanization)
nitikau (romanization)
にちかう (hiragana historical)
日向 (canonical)
Hiuga (romanization)
日向 (canonical)
Higano (romanization)
日向 (canonical)
Hikō (romanization)
fikau (romanization)
ひかう (hiragana historical)
日向 (canonical)
Hina (romanization)
日向 (canonical)
Hinada (romanization)
日向 (canonical)
Himukai (romanization)
fimukafi (romanization)
ひむかひ (hiragana historical)
日向 (canonical)
Himuka (romanization)
日向 (canonical)
Himuki (romanization)
日向 (canonical)
Hyuga (romanization)


納豆

ja-noun

納(なっ)豆(とう) • (nattō) ^(←なふとう (nafutou)?)

納豆 (canonical)
nattō (romanization)
nafutou (romanization)
なふとう (hiragana historical)

Possibly by extension from 納所 (nassho, “temple office for receiving donations”), and originally meaning beans (豆) from or in the 納所.

natto (a traditional Japanese food product made from fermented soybeans)

a type of 烏帽子

traditional Japanese formal black peaked hat

納豆汁: a type of miso soup made with ground nattō

納豆肥

a type of fertilizer made from ferment and compost soybeans, commonly used to fertilize tea bush

then tōfu is also beans" → a metaphor for how the same starting point can produce different results

gooey

used to describe the texture of things such as nattō and okra


自転車

自(じ)転(てん)車(しゃ) • (jitensha) ^(←じてんしや (zitensya)?) (counter 台)

自転車 (canonical)
jitensha (romanization)
zitensya (romanization)
台 (counter)
じてんしや (hiragana historical)

→ Hakka: 自轉車／自转车 (chhṳ-chón-chhâ)

→ Korean: 자전거 (jajeon'geo)

→ Min Nan: 自轉車／自转车 (chū-choán-chhia)

[d͡ʑitẽ̞ɰ̃ɕa̠]

Coined in Japan in 1870 in the Meiji period in reference to a patented tricycle design. Later used to refer to bicycles.
Compound of Sinitic-derived elements 自 (ji, “self”) + 転 (ten, “rolling”, simplified modern form of 轉) + 車 (sha, “vehicle”).

lang

くるまたちの社会史: 人力車から自動車まで

くるまたちの社会史: 人力車から自動車まで

compound

ママチャリ

a bicycle with extra baskets for groceries and children, generally ridden by young mothers

bicycle operations; similar to riding a bicycle, as halting operations means immediate bankruptcy, much as stopping pedaling causes a bicycle rider to fall over

自転車操業: → a business model that requires regular infusions of external capital to remain viable


自転車

自転車 (canonical)
jidensha (romanization)
台 (counter)

[d͡ʑidẽ̞ɰ̃ɕa̠]


三味線

ja-noun

三(しゃ)味(み)線(せん) • (shamisen) ^(←しやみせん (syamisen)?)

三味線 (canonical)
shamisen (romanization)
syamisen (romanization)
しやみせん (hiragana historical)

→ English: shamisen

→ Finnish: shamisen

→ Spanish: shamisen

[ɕa̠mʲisẽ̞ɴ]

The instrument derives from the Okinawan 三線 (sanshin). Originally called 蛇皮線 (jabisen, literally “snakeskin strings”) in Japanese, so named for the way the Okinawan instrument's soundbox is traditionally covered in snakeskin. The traditional jabisen instrument was imported into the Sakai area of Osaka during the Eiroku era (1558–1570), then later modified by biwa luthiers to have the square-shaped shamisen soundbox of today.
The reading jabisen shifted over time to 蛇味線 (jamisen), replacing the 皮 (bi, “skin, leather”) character with 味 (mi) for phonetic reasons, i.e. as ateji (当て字). Then jamisen changed to shamisen, replacing the 蛇 (ja, “snake”) character with 三 (sha , usually read san, “three”) for semantic reasons. The sha reading for the 三 character is irregular.
The shamisen reading is first cited to a text from 1580.

a Japanese stringed instrument played by plucking, vaguely similar to a banjo

Capsella bursa-pastoris
Capsella bursa-pastoris#Translingual

short for 三味線草 (shamisen-gusa): the shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris


三味線

→ English: samisen

Sound shift from shamisen above, possibly influenced by the standard san reading of the initial 三 character.
This reading appears to be less common than shamisen.
First cited to a text from 1632.

(uncommon) a Japanese stringed instrument played by plucking, vaguely similar to a banjo


殺す

ja-verb

殺(ころ)す • (korosu) godan (stem 殺(ころ)し (koroshi), past 殺(ころ)した (koroshita))

殺す (canonical)
korosu (romanization)
殺し (stem)
殺した (past)
殺さ
ころさ
korosa
殺し
ころし
koroshi
殺す
ころす
korosu
殺せ
ころせ
korose
殺される (passive)
ころされる (passive)
korosareru (passive)
殺させる (causative)
殺さす (causative)
ころさせる (causative)
ころさす (causative)
korosaseru (causative)
korosasu (causative)
殺せる (potential)
ころせる (potential)
koroseru (potential)
殺そう (volitional)
ころそう (volitional)
korosō (volitional)
殺さない (negative)
ころさない (negative)
korosanai (negative)
殺さず (continuative negative)
ころさず (continuative negative)
korosazu (continuative negative)
殺します (formal)
ころします (formal)
koroshimasu (formal)
殺した (perfective)
ころした (perfective)
koroshita (perfective)
殺して (conjunctive)
ころして (conjunctive)
koroshite (conjunctive)
殺せば (conditional hypothetical)
ころせば (conditional hypothetical)
koroseba (conditional hypothetical)

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE. From Proto-Japonic *kərəsu.

よし！ さっそくおめたちと稽古さしたい！それがオレからの返礼だ！この夏木六三四殺せるもんなら殺してみろ！
Yoshi! Sassoku ome-tachi to keiko sa shitai! Sore ga ore kara no henrei da! Kono Natsuki Musashi koroseru mon nara koroshite miro!
Alright! I’ll practice with all of you at once! Consider that my thank-you for welcomin’ me! If any of you think you can destroy me, Natsuki Musashi, do give it a go!
ほんなら夏木ー‼まず一番にオイと勝負じゃっ‼
Hon nara Natsukī‼ Mazu ibban ni oi to shōbu ja'‼

1984 November 15, Motoka Murakami, “鹿児島の猛者たちの巻 [The He-Men of Kagoshima]”, in 六三四の剣 (六三四の剣) [Musashi’s Sword], volume 17 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 18

(literally, “In that case, Natsuki!! Settle with me first and foremost!!”)

Awrite den, Natsuki!! Ah’ll be yer first opponent!!


タクシー

→ Hakka: 他庫西／他库西 (thà-khu-sí)

[ta̠kɯ̟̊ᵝɕiː]


ラーメン

ja-noun

ラーメン or らーめん or らあめん • (rāmen)

ラーメン (canonical)
らーめん (canonical)
らあめん (canonical)
rāmen (romanization)

→ English: ramen

desctree

→ Korean: 라면 (ramyeon)
→ English: ramyeon

→ Russian: рамэн (ramɛn)

→ Tagalog: ramen

→ Thai: ราเม็ง (raa-meng)

Borrowed from Mandarin 拉麵／拉面 (lāmiàn, literally “pulled noodles”).
First cited to a text from 1930.

zh-l

ramen, a type of Chinese-style noodle dish


ラーメン

ja-noun

ラーメン • (rāmen)

ja:ラーメン (骨組)

(architecture, construction) rigid frame


和語

Probably a coinage in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived components, as a compound of 和 (wa, “Japan, Japanese”) + 語 (go, “language, word”).

compound

Japanese language
Yamato kotoba
ja:大和言葉
ja:日本語

外来語: foreign words

generally more recent borrowings from other languages


大和言葉

大和言葉 (canonical)
Yamato-kotoba (romanization)

Originally a compound of 大和(やまと) (Yamato, “Japan”) + 言(こと)葉(ば) (kotoba, “word, language”).

ja-compound

a Japanese word of ancient Japanese origin (as opposed to a word borrowed from Chinese, or composed in Japan from Chinese-derived roots)

Japanese songs or poetry (such as tanka)

refined diction, especially the language used in the Heian period, 女房詞 (nyōbō kotoba, literally “women's language”), or 女中詞 (jochū kotoba, “the language of court women after the Muromachi period”)


軍曹

軍曹 (canonical)
gunsō (romanization)
gunsau (romanization)
ぐんさう (hiragana historical)

[ɡɯ̟̃ᵝɰ̃so̞ː]

*The abbreviations are only used as a typographical convention. They are pronounced the same as their full names.

(Kawanakajima shogi) A piece in Kawanakajima shōgi


伍長

伍長 (canonical)
gochō (romanization)
gotyau (romanization)
ごちやう (hiragana historical)


曹長

ja-noun

曹(そう)長(ちょう) • (sōchō) ^(←さうちやう (sautyau)?)

曹長 (canonical)
sōchō (romanization)
sautyau (romanization)
さうちやう (hiragana historical)

[so̞ːt͡ɕo̞ː]

曹長は攻撃を命令した。


アンドル

A transliteration of the English male given name Andrew


ホテル

[ho̞te̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Borrowed from English hotel, from French hôtel.

最近ホテルが建てられた。

a hotel (establishment providing accommodation)

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:ホテル
ja:松村明


名字

名字 (canonical)
myōji (romanization)
myauzi (romanization)
みやうじ (hiragana historical)


主人公

[ɕɨᵝʑĩŋko̞ː]

From Middle Chinese 主人公 (MC tsyuX nyin kuwng).

この物語の主人公は蛙である。

The main character in this story is a frog.

Kono monogatari no shujinkō wa kaeru de aru.


RT

リツイート リツイート#Japanese

Abbreviation of リツイート (ritsuīto, “retweet”).


音読み

[õ̞ɰ̃jo̞mʲi]

Compound of 音 (on, “sound”) + 読み (yomi, “reading”). Originally referred to the sounds (i.e. pronunciations) to use when reading Chinese text, as opposed to the meanings of these Chinese words in Japanese (called 訓読み (kun'yomi) or 訓読 (kundoku)).

(linguistics) the reading of a Japanese word written in kanji that is roughly based on the pronunciation of the kanji characters in the originating Chinese dialect at the time the word was introduced into Japanese

漢文

Chinese writing, Chinese literature, Chinese classic

as opposed to more recent borrowings, usually classified as gairaigo

漢語: a Chinese-derived word borrowed into Japanese generally before the 1300s

外来語

a foreign word borrowed into Japanese generally in the 1300s or later


早朝

早(そう)朝(ちょう) • (sōchō) ^(←さうてう (sauteu)?)

早朝 (canonical)
sōchō (romanization)
sauteu (romanization)
さうてう (hiragana historical)

[so̞ːt͡ɕo̞ː]

私は早朝に家をでた


雀斑

雀斑 (canonical)
雀斑 (canonical)
sobakasu (romanization)

From 蕎麦(そば) (soba, “buckwheat”) + 滓(かす) (kasu, “dregs”). The kanji are an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 雀斑.


たいしょう

ja-pos

たいしょう • (Taishō)


削る

ja-verb

削(けず)る • (kezuru) ^(←けづる (keduru)?)transitive godan (stem 削(けず)り (kezuri), past 削(けず)った (kezutta))

削る (canonical)
kezuru (romanization)
keduru (romanization)
削り (stem)
削った (past)
削ら
けずら
kezura
削り
けずり
kezuri
削る
けずる
kezuru
削れ
けずれ
kezure
削られる (passive)
けずられる (passive)
kezurareru (passive)
削らせる (causative)
削らす (causative)
けずらせる (causative)
けずらす (causative)
kezuraseru (causative)
kezurasu (causative)
削れる (potential)
けずれる (potential)
kezureru (potential)
削ろう (volitional)
けずろう (volitional)
kezurō (volitional)
削らない (negative)
けずらない (negative)
kezuranai (negative)
削らず (continuative negative)
けずらず (continuative negative)
kezurazu (continuative negative)
削ります (formal)
けずります (formal)
kezurimasu (formal)
削った (perfective)
けずった (perfective)
kezutta (perfective)
削って (conjunctive)
けずって (conjunctive)
kezutte (conjunctive)
削れば (conditional hypothetical)
けずれば (conditional hypothetical)
kezureba (conditional hypothetical)
削ら (irrealis stem)
けずら (irrealis stem)
kezura (irrealis)
削り (continuative stem)
けずり (continuative stem)
kezuri (continuative)
削る (stem terminative)
けずる (stem terminative)
kezuru (terminative)
削る (attributive stem)
けずる (attributive stem)
kezuru (attributive)
削れ (realis stem)
けずれ (realis stem)
kezure (realis)
削れ (imperative stem)
けずれ (imperative stem)
kezure (imperative)
削らず (negative)
けずらず (negative)
kezurazu (negative)
削れど (contrastive)
けずれど (contrastive)
kezuredo (contrastive)
削れば (causative)
けずれば (causative)
kezureba (causative)
削らば (conditional)
けずらば (conditional)
kezuraba (conditional)
削りき (past)
けずりき (past)
kezuriki (past)
削りけり (past)
けずりけり (past)
kezurikeri (past)
削りつ (perfect)
けずりつ (perfect)
kezuritu (perfect)
削りぬ (perfect)
けずりぬ (perfect)
kezurinu (perfect)
削れり (continuative perfect)
削りたり (continuative perfect)
けずれり (continuative perfect)
けずりたり (continuative perfect)
kezureri (continuative perfect)
kezuritari (continuative perfect)
削らむ (volitional)
けずらむ (volitional)
kezuramu (volitional)

[ke̞zɨᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]


劇場

[ɡe̞kʲiʑo̞ː]

Compound of 劇 (geki, “drama”) + 場 (jō, “place”).

theater (building where performances are given), playhouse


宇宙人

ja-noun

宇(う)宙(ちゅう)人(じん) • (uchūjin) ^(←うちうじん (utiuzin)?)

宇宙人 (canonical)
uchūjin (romanization)
utiuzin (romanization)
うちうじん (hiragana historical)

[ɯ̟ᵝt͡ɕɨᵝːʑĩɴ]

宇宙 (uchū, “outer space”) + 人 (-jin, “person”)

suf

宇宙飛行士 宇宙飛行士#Japanese

Synonym of 宇宙飛行士 (uchū hikōshi, “astronaut”) (member of the crew of a spaceship or other spacecraft, or someone trained for that purpose)


対称

ja-adj

対(たい)称(しょう) • (taishō) -na (adnominal 対(たい)称(しょう)な (taishō na), adverbial 対(たい)称(しょう)に (taishō ni))

対称 (canonical)
taishō (romanization)
対称な (adnominal)
対称に (adverbial)
対称だろ (imperfective stem)
たいしょうだろ (imperfective stem)
taishō daro (imperfective)
対称で (continuative stem)
たいしょうで (continuative stem)
taishō de (continuative)
対称だ (stem terminative)
たいしょうだ (stem terminative)
taishō da (terminative)
対称な (attributive stem)
たいしょうな (attributive stem)
taishō na (attributive)
対称なら (hypothetical stem)
たいしょうなら (hypothetical stem)
taishō nara (hypothetical)
対称であれ (imperative stem)
たいしょうであれ (imperative stem)
taishō de are (imperative)
対称ではない (informal negative)
対称じゃない (informal negative)
たいしょうではない (informal negative)
たいしょうじゃない (informal negative)
taishō de wa nai (informal negative)
taishō ja nai (informal negative)
対称だった (informal past)
たいしょうだった (informal past)
taishō datta (informal past)
対称ではなかった (informal negative past)
対称じゃなかった (informal negative past)
たいしょうではなかった (informal negative past)
たいしょうじゃなかった (informal negative past)
taishō de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
taishō ja nakatta (informal negative past)
対称です (formal)
たいしょうです (formal)
taishō desu (formal)
対称ではありません (formal negative)
対称じゃありません (formal negative)
たいしょうではありません (formal negative)
たいしょうじゃありません (formal negative)
taishō de wa arimasen (formal negative)
taishō ja arimasen (formal negative)
対称でした (formal past)
たいしょうでした (formal past)
taishō deshita (formal past)
対称ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
対称じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
たいしょうではありませんでした (formal negative past)
たいしょうじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
taishō de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
taishō ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
対称で (conjunctive)
たいしょうで (conjunctive)
taishō de (conjunctive)
対称なら（ば） (conditional)
たいしょうなら（ば） (conditional)
taishō nara (ba) (conditional)
対称だったら (conditional past)
たいしょうだったら (conditional past)
taishō dattara (conditional past)
対称だろう (volitional)
たいしょうだろう (volitional)
taishō darō (volitional)
対称に (adverbial)
たいしょうに (adverbial)
taishō ni (adverbial)
対称さ (noun-from-adj)
たいしょうさ (noun-from-adj)
taishōsa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

対称

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした


もれる

ja-verb

もれる • (moreru) ichidan (stem もれ (more), past もれた (moreta))

moreru (romanization)
もれ (stem)
もれた (past)
もれ
more
もれる
moreru
もれれ
morere
もれよ (imperative literary)
もれろ (colloquial imperative)
moreyo (imperative literary)
morero (colloquial imperative)
もれられる (passive)
morerareru (passive)
もれさせる (causative)
もれさす (causative)
moresaseru (causative)
moresasu (causative)
もれられる (potential)
もれれる (colloquial potential)
morerareru (potential)
morereru (colloquial potential)
もれよう (volitional)
moreyō (volitional)
もれない (negative)
もれぬ (negative)
もれん (negative)
morenai (negative)
morenu (negative)
moren (negative)
もれず (continuative negative)
morezu (continuative negative)
もれます (formal)
moremasu (formal)
もれた (perfective)
moreta (perfective)
もれて (conjunctive)
morete (conjunctive)
もれれば (conditional hypothetical)
morereba (conditional hypothetical)

[mo̞ɾe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

盛れ具合


ヘリコプター

[he̞ɾʲiko̞pɯ̟̊ᵝta̠ː]


サンドイッチ

a sandwich (snack consisting of two slices of bread)

サンド.”)

Short for サンドイッチ (sandoitchi,; sando, sandwich”


警察

→ Okinawan: 警(きー)察(さち) (kīsachi); 警(ちー)察(さち) (chīsachi)

→ Yami: kisat

Short for 警察署 (keisatsusho, “police station”).


逃げる

逃(に)げる • (nigeru) intransitive ichidan (stem 逃(に)げ (nige), past 逃(に)げた (nigeta))

逃げる (canonical)
nigeru (romanization)
逃げ (stem)
逃げた (past)
逃げ
にげ
nige
逃げる
にげる
nigeru
逃げれ
にげれ
nigere
逃げよ (imperative literary)
逃げろ (colloquial imperative)
にげよ (imperative literary)
にげろ (colloquial imperative)
nigeyo (imperative literary)
nigero (colloquial imperative)
逃げられる (passive)
にげられる (passive)
nigerareru (passive)
逃げさせる (causative)
逃げさす (causative)
にげさせる (causative)
にげさす (causative)
nigesaseru (causative)
nigesasu (causative)
逃げられる (potential)
逃げれる (colloquial potential)
にげられる (potential)
にげれる (colloquial potential)
nigerareru (potential)
nigereru (colloquial potential)
逃げよう (volitional)
にげよう (volitional)
nigeyō (volitional)
逃げない (negative)
逃げぬ (negative)
逃げん (negative)
にげない (negative)
にげぬ (negative)
にげん (negative)
nigenai (negative)
nigenu (negative)
nigen (negative)
逃げず (continuative negative)
にげず (continuative negative)
nigezu (continuative negative)
逃げます (formal)
にげます (formal)
nigemasu (formal)
逃げた (perfective)
にげた (perfective)
nigeta (perfective)
逃げて (conjunctive)
にげて (conjunctive)
nigete (conjunctive)
逃げれば (conditional hypothetical)
にげれば (conditional hypothetical)
nigereba (conditional hypothetical)

[ɲ̟iɡe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

二点リードしたまま逃げる

(sports) to hold on (and win); to win narrowly


女人

女人禁制

女人禁制 にょにんきんせい


制裁

経済制裁

アラブ連盟が制裁を決めたあともアサド政権による弾圧が続く

The Assad administration continues oppression even after the Arab League imposed sanctions

Arabu Renmei ga seisai o kimeta ato mo Asado seiken ni yoru dan'atsu ga tsuzuku


制裁

制裁する (canonical)
seisai suru (romanization)
制裁し (stem)
制裁した (past)
制裁し
せいさいし
seisai shi
制裁する
せいさいする
seisai suru
制裁すれ
せいさいすれ
seisai sure
制裁せよ (imperative literary)
制裁しろ (colloquial imperative)
せいさいせよ (imperative literary)
せいさいしろ (colloquial imperative)
seisai seyo (imperative literary)
seisai shiro (colloquial imperative)
制裁される (passive)
せいさいされる (passive)
seisai sareru (passive)
制裁させる (causative)
制裁さす (causative)
せいさいさせる (causative)
せいさいさす (causative)
seisai saseru (causative)
seisai sasu (causative)
制裁できる (potential)
せいさいできる (potential)
seisai dekiru (potential)
制裁しよう (volitional)
せいさいしよう (volitional)
seisai shiyō (volitional)
制裁しない (negative)
せいさいしない (negative)
seisai shinai (negative)
制裁せず (continuative negative)
せいさいせず (continuative negative)
seisai sezu (continuative negative)
制裁します (formal)
せいさいします (formal)
seisai shimasu (formal)
制裁した (perfective)
せいさいした (perfective)
seisai shita (perfective)
制裁して (conjunctive)
せいさいして (conjunctive)
seisai shite (conjunctive)
制裁すれば (conditional hypothetical)
せいさいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
seisai sureba (conditional hypothetical)


電波

zh-l

電波／电波 (diànbō)

Chinese: 電波／电波 (diànbō)

Korean: 전파 (jeonpa)

トンネルだから電波無し。

Because of the tunnel, there is no mobile phone signal.

電波が悪い

(slang) nonsense produced by a mentally unsound person, who is termed a 電波(でんぱ)系(けい) (denpa-kei, “radio-wave-type”) person


電波

ja-adj

電(でん)波(ぱ) • (denpa) -na (adnominal 電(でん)波(ぱ)な (denpa na), adverbial 電(でん)波(ぱ)に (denpa ni))

電波 (canonical)
denpa (romanization)
電波な (adnominal)
電波に (adverbial)
電波だろ (imperfective stem)
でんぱだろ (imperfective stem)
denpa daro (imperfective)
電波で (continuative stem)
でんぱで (continuative stem)
denpa de (continuative)
電波だ (stem terminative)
でんぱだ (stem terminative)
denpa da (terminative)
電波な (attributive stem)
でんぱな (attributive stem)
denpa na (attributive)
電波なら (hypothetical stem)
でんぱなら (hypothetical stem)
denpa nara (hypothetical)
電波であれ (imperative stem)
でんぱであれ (imperative stem)
denpa de are (imperative)
電波ではない (informal negative)
電波じゃない (informal negative)
でんぱではない (informal negative)
でんぱじゃない (informal negative)
denpa de wa nai (informal negative)
denpa ja nai (informal negative)
電波だった (informal past)
でんぱだった (informal past)
denpa datta (informal past)
電波ではなかった (informal negative past)
電波じゃなかった (informal negative past)
でんぱではなかった (informal negative past)
でんぱじゃなかった (informal negative past)
denpa de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
denpa ja nakatta (informal negative past)
電波です (formal)
でんぱです (formal)
denpa desu (formal)
電波ではありません (formal negative)
電波じゃありません (formal negative)
でんぱではありません (formal negative)
でんぱじゃありません (formal negative)
denpa de wa arimasen (formal negative)
denpa ja arimasen (formal negative)
電波でした (formal past)
でんぱでした (formal past)
denpa deshita (formal past)
電波ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
電波じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
でんぱではありませんでした (formal negative past)
でんぱじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
denpa de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
denpa ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
電波で (conjunctive)
でんぱで (conjunctive)
denpa de (conjunctive)
電波なら（ば） (conditional)
でんぱなら（ば） (conditional)
denpa nara (ba) (conditional)
電波だったら (conditional past)
でんぱだったら (conditional past)
denpa dattara (conditional past)
電波だろう (volitional)
でんぱだろう (volitional)
denpa darō (volitional)
電波に (adverbial)
でんぱに (adverbial)
denpa ni (adverbial)
電波さ (noun-from-adj)
でんぱさ (noun-from-adj)
denpasa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

電波

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした


平和

First attested in the Meiji era.
Rearrangement of 和平 (wahei, “peace”), likely that 平 (hei) also means "flat", therefore switching the kanji meant "calm, equal + harmony → peace".


平和

平和 (canonical)
平和 (canonical)
pinfu (romanization)
pinhō (romanization)

(mahjong) no points hand: a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) that does not have any of the following: triplets, quads, the player's seat wind, the prevailing wind, or dragons; and the winning tile completes a two-sided wait sequence; worth 1 翻 (han, “double”)


配偶者

[ha̠iɡɯ̟ᵝːɕa̠]


排球

ja-noun

排(はい)球(きゅう) • (haikyū) ^(←はいきう (faikiu)?)

排球 (canonical)
haikyū (romanization)
faikiu (romanization)
はいきう (hiragana historical)

バレーボール バレーボール#Japanese

(uncommon) Synonym of バレーボール (barēbōru, “volleyball”)


アイスキャンディー

アイスキャンディー • (aisu kyandī)

ja:アイスキャンディー


軍法

軍法会議

軍法会議 ぐんぽうかいぎ


兵器

核兵器


ポケットベル

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from pocket + bell, ポケット + ベル.


拘束

拘束する (canonical)
kōsoku suru (romanization)
拘束し (stem)
拘束した (past)
拘束し
こうそくし
kōsoku shi
拘束する
こうそくする
kōsoku suru
拘束すれ
こうそくすれ
kōsoku sure
拘束せよ (imperative literary)
拘束しろ (colloquial imperative)
こうそくせよ (imperative literary)
こうそくしろ (colloquial imperative)
kōsoku seyo (imperative literary)
kōsoku shiro (colloquial imperative)
拘束される (passive)
こうそくされる (passive)
kōsoku sareru (passive)
拘束させる (causative)
拘束さす (causative)
こうそくさせる (causative)
こうそくさす (causative)
kōsoku saseru (causative)
kōsoku sasu (causative)
拘束できる (potential)
こうそくできる (potential)
kōsoku dekiru (potential)
拘束しよう (volitional)
こうそくしよう (volitional)
kōsoku shiyō (volitional)
拘束しない (negative)
こうそくしない (negative)
kōsoku shinai (negative)
拘束せず (continuative negative)
こうそくせず (continuative negative)
kōsoku sezu (continuative negative)
拘束します (formal)
こうそくします (formal)
kōsoku shimasu (formal)
拘束した (perfective)
こうそくした (perfective)
kōsoku shita (perfective)
拘束して (conjunctive)
こうそくして (conjunctive)
kōsoku shite (conjunctive)
拘束すれば (conditional hypothetical)
こうそくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kōsoku sureba (conditional hypothetical)

警察は容疑者を拘束した。

事情の変化を見た今日では、我々は従来の方針には拘束されない。

Under today's altered situation we are not bound by our past policies.

Jijō no henka o mita konnichi de wa, wareware wa jūrai no hōshin ni wa kōsoku sarenai.

正しい法律は決して善人の自由を拘束しない。

Just laws are no restraint upon the freedom of the good.

Tadashii hōritsu wa kesshite zennin no jiyū o kōsoku shinai.

restrict; restrain; (law enforcement) detain


オープンカー

ja-noun

オープンカー • (ōpun kā)

[o̞ːpɯ̟̃ᵝŋ ka̠ː]

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from open + car, equivalent to オープン (ōpun) + カー (kā)


オートバイ

ja-noun

オートバイ • (ōtobai)

→ Amis: otofay, tofay

→ Atayal: tubay

→ Bunun: utubai

→ Hakka: 奧多拜／奥多拜

→ Kanakanabu: 'utupai

→ Kavalan: utubay

→ Korean: 오토바이 (otobai)

→ Min Nan: 歐兜邁／欧兜迈 (o͘-tó͘-bái)

→ Paiwan: utubai

→ Puyuma: utubay

→ Rukai: utubay

→ Saisiyat: 'otobay

→ Taroko: otobay

→ Tsou: 'otovai

→ Yami: otobay

Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:NHK出版
ja:NHK放送文化研究所
ja:オートバイ
ja:松村明

Clipping of オートバイシクル (ōtobaishikuru), erroneously listed in some monolingual Japanese dictionaries as wasei eigo, but actually borrowed from English autobicycle, an early English term for motorcycle.
First cited to a text from 1918.


エネルギー

[e̞ne̞ɾɯ̟ᵝɡʲiː]

Borrowed from German Energie.
First cited to 1895.

如何なる量のエネルギー刀身から吸収し下緒から放出する これが俺の武装錬金ソードサムライＸの特性

2004 September 8, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “第29話 相性がいい [Chapter 29: We Can Really Get Along]”, in 武装錬金 (武装錬金) [Armed Alchemy], volume 4, Tokyo: Shueisha, page 63

Absorbing any amount of energy through the blade, then discharging it through the cord. That’s the special ability of my Armed Alchemy, the Sword Samurai X.

Ika naru ryō no enerugī tōshin kara kyūshū shi shitao kara hōshutsu suru Kore ga ore no Busō Renkin Sōdo Samurai Ekkusu no tokusei

エナジー

from [[w:English language|English]] [[energy#English|energy]]

Daijisen
Energy
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:エネルギー
ja:松村明


ビタミン

Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:ビタミン
ja:松村明


本日

[hõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑit͡sɨᵝ]


本日

[hõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑit͡sɨᵝ]


生ごみ

(AmE) kitchen garbage, (BrE) kitchen refuse or waste


冥土

(Buddhism) Hades; underworld; the world of the dead


哺乳類

[ho̞ɲ̟ɯ̟ᵝːɾɯ̟ᵝi]

From 哺乳 (honyū, “lactation, nursing”) + 類 (rui, “class or order”).


軍人

[ɡɯ̟̃ᵝɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]

a person related to the armed force (a serviceman, a soldier, an officer etc.)


鳥類

[t͡ɕo̞ːɾɯ̟ᵝi]

From 鳥 (chō, “bird”) + 類 (rui, “class or order”).


星雲

暗黒星雲

ワーム星雲より飛来した隕石から採取された物質が埋め込まれており、高いチューニング能力を誇る。

2012 June 1, “Ａ・マインド [Arly Mind]”, in デュエルターミナル クロニクルⅠ 覚醒の章 [DUEL TERMINAL Chronicle Ⅰ: Chapter of Awakening], Konami

By integrating matter harvested from meteorites floating in the Worm Nebula, it has tremendous tuning capability.

Wāmu Seiun yori hirai shita inseki kara saishu sareta busshitsu ga umekomarete ori, takai chūningu nōryoku o hokoru.


惑星

[ɰᵝa̠kɯ̟̊ᵝse̞ː]

Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Planet
Shiba Kōkan
Shueisha
ja:惑星

Wasei kango: Calque of Dutch dwaalster (literally “wander star”), composed as a compound of 惑 (waku, “to move about confusedly, to wander”) + 星 (sei, “star”).
Coined in 1792 by Dutch-Japanese translator 本木良永 (Motoki Yoshinaga) in his 太陽窮理了解説 (Taiyō Kyūri Ryōkai Setsu, “Theory of Understanding on the Natural Study of the Sun”), a translation of Copernicus's De revolutionibus orbium coelestium and its heliocentric model.
Also cited in the 1805 work 和蘭通舶 (Oranda Tsūhaku, “Holland Liner”) by 司馬江漢 (Shiba Kōkan).

compound

あの星は恒星じゃなくて、惑星です。

Ano hoshi wa kōsei ja nakute, wakusei desu.

政界の惑星


隊長

隊長がいない小隊など戦うに値しない。

A squad without a leader isn't worth fighting.

Taichō ga inai shōtai nado tatakau ni atai shinai.


働く

ja-verb

働(はたら)く • (hataraku) intransitive godan (stem 働(はたら)き (hataraki), past 働(はたら)いた (hataraita))

働く (canonical)
hataraku (romanization)
働き (stem)
働いた (past)
働か
はたらか
hataraka
働き
はたらき
hataraki
働く
はたらく
hataraku
働け
はたらけ
hatarake
働かれる (passive)
はたらかれる (passive)
hatarakareru (passive)
働かせる (causative)
働かす (causative)
はたらかせる (causative)
はたらかす (causative)
hatarakaseru (causative)
hatarakasu (causative)
働ける (potential)
はたらける (potential)
hatarakeru (potential)
働こう (volitional)
はたらこう (volitional)
hatarakō (volitional)
働かない (negative)
はたらかない (negative)
hatarakanai (negative)
働かず (continuative negative)
はたらかず (continuative negative)
hatarakazu (continuative negative)
働きます (formal)
はたらきます (formal)
hatarakimasu (formal)
働いた (perfective)
はたらいた (perfective)
hataraita (perfective)
働いて (conjunctive)
はたらいて (conjunctive)
hataraite (conjunctive)
働けば (conditional hypothetical)
はたらけば (conditional hypothetical)
hatarakeba (conditional hypothetical)

Most likely derived ultimately from a mimetic word はた (hata, adverb, referring to the sound of objects bumping together), in turn possibly cognate with 旗 (hata, “flag”, from the sound of a flag flapping) and 機 (hata, “a loom”, from the sound of the shuttle or the workings of the batten).
Compare also adverb はたはた (hatahata, “working diligently”), verb はためく (hatameku, “to flutter, flap, flicker, whip”).
First cited in the late 900s, with the sense of "to move one's body".

ja-r

(grammar) to conjugate; to inflect; to decline


男尊女卑

男尊女卑 (canonical)
dansonjohi (romanization)

[dã̠ɰ̃sõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑo̞çi]

男尊女卑の社会

男尊女卑 だんそんじょひ

male chauvinism, valuing men above women


通信

飛行機からの通信が切れた。

We've lost communication with the airplane.


先行

ja-noun

先(さき)行(ゆき) or 先(さき)行(いき) • (sakiyuki or sakiiki)

先行 (canonical)
先行 (canonical)
sakiyuki (romanization)
sakiiki (romanization)

Compound of 先 (saki, “point, tip; the front, the forward direction; the future”) + 行き (yuki, “going”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 行く (yuku, “to go”), alternative reading for iku).
The sakiyuki reading is first cited to a text from 1678.
Less commonly encountered with the reading sakiiki, using the standard iki reading for the second half. This variant is first cited to a text from 1686.

compound

(finance) anticipated future movement in market prices


夫妻

山田夫妻は来月帰国します

Mr. and Mrs. Yamada will come home next month

a married couple, husband and wife, Mr. and Mrs.


ギリシア語

ギリシア語 (canonical)
Girishiago (romanization)


先々週

先々週 (canonical)
sensenshū (romanization)