黄

黄 (canonical)
ō (romanization)
wau (romanization)
わう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 黃 (MC hwang).
The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.


雷

Originally a compound of 神(かみ) (kami, “god, spirit”) + 鳴(な)り (nari, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 鳴(な)る (naru)).

雷が落ちる

thunder comes down → to be scold severely by a superior, to be rip a new one


雷

From Middle Chinese 雷 (MC lwoj).
Compare modern Mandarin 雷 (léi) and Cantonese 雷 (leoi⁴).


齣

齣 (canonical)
齣 (canonical)
koma (romanization)

Probably cognate with 小間, 細 (koma, “small; a small piece of something”).

(film, animation, manga) a frame of a comic or film

(film, theater) an act or scene of a play or movie

(music) a phrase or portion of a piece of music


齣

May be from Middle Chinese, or may be a shift in reading from setsu below.


鱗

(typography) serif (on Chinese characters)


香

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.

a pleasant smell; a scent, a fragrance, an aroma


鼎

鼎 (canonical)
kanae (romanization)
kanafe (romanization)
かなへ (hiragana historical)

Originally a compound of 金 (kana, “metal”) + 瓮 (he, “a pot or pan for holding food or beverages”).

compound

鼎の軽重を問う: ⇒ to question a person's ability

鼎の沸くが如し: ⇒ a metaphor for a noisy busy situation

single slice of meat [from] in the kettle

鼎の中の一切れの肉: ⇒ to get a read on the whole from a small sample

a three-legged kettle, a tripod kettle, used for cooking and later for ceremonial purposes in ancient China, and often made of bronze


鼎

From Middle Chinese 鼎 (MC tengX). Compare modern Mandarin 鼎 (dǐng).


鳳

ja-noun

鳳(ほう) • (hō)

(Chinese mythology) feng: a fabled male fire-bird, thought to be a manifestation of a saint


魂

魂(たましい) • (tamashī) ^(←たましひ (tamasifi)?)

魂 (canonical)
tamashī (romanization)
tamasifi (romanization)
たましひ (hiragana historical)

⟨tamasipi₁⟩ → */tamasipʲi/ → /tamaɕifi/ → /tamaɕiwi/ → /tamaɕiː/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tamasipi.
Compound of 魂 (tama, “soul, spirit”, see below) and an uncertain shii, possibly 強ひ (shihi → shii), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 強ふ (shifu → shiu), modern 強いる (shiiru, “to force, compel”).

, text here
多麻之比波安之多由布敝尓多麻布礼杼安我牟祢伊多之古非能之氣吉尓 [Man'yōgana]
魂は朝夕にたまふれど我が胸痛し恋の繁きに [Modern spelling]

tamashī wa ashita-yūbe ni tamafuredo aga mune itashi koi no shigeki ni

安之多由布敝尓 あしたゆふへに

安我牟祢伊多之 あがむねいたし

古非能之氣吉尓 こひのしげきに


黒

⟨kuro₁⟩ → /kuro/
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE). In turn, from Proto-Japonic *kuro.
Via root morpheme *kur, cognates include:
* 涅 (kuri, “black mud from the bed of a body of water”)
* 暗 (kura, “darkness; deception”), 蔵, 倉, 庫 (kura, “[dark] storehouse”), and 暗い (kurai, “dark”)
* classical verb 暮る (kuru), modern 暮れる (kureru, “to become dark; to near the end [of a day, of a year, of a life”), and 暗れる, 眩れる (kureru, “to become depressed, to become dreary of mood”)
Possibly also cognate with Ainu kur (“shadow”) and Korean 구름 (gureum, “cloud”); compare also Japanese 雲 (kumo, “cloud”), Korean 검— (geom-, “black”), and Ainu kunne (“black; dark”).

particularly grain that has rotted on the stalk

白黒

this and that, so-and-so, such-and-such: unspecified items brought up for criticism

白黒

black and white; monochrome; panic or startled state; confusion; sex show

暮れる

to become dark; to near the end (of a day, of a year, of a life)

晦ます

to conceal oneself, to abscond; to deceive, to fool

暮れ六つ

Edo-period term for a time of day, roughly 6 pm

(go) a black stone; the person who plays black stones

(accounting) short for 黒字 (kuroji): black as an accounting term, indicating a profit

黒字

behind the scenes
behind the scenes#English

(euphemistic) short for 黒幕 (kuromaku): a black curtain (someone influencing or controlling matters from behind the scenes)


飛

(shogi) Abbreviation of 飛車 (hisha): a flying chariot piece, with movement corresponding to the rook in Western chess

飛車

(baseball) Short for 飛球 (hikyū): a fly ball


元気

From Middle Chinese compound 元氣 (MC ngjwon khj+jH, literally “first, fundamental, source + vapor, spirit, energy”). In Chinese cosmology, this represented the fundamental force that permeates all matter and life. Early Japanese borrowed this word and meaning. Later, this spelling was conflated with the meaning of homophone 減気 (genki, “recovery from illness”), adding in the modern senses related to healthy and wellness.


元気

Compound of 元 (moto, “origin, beginning”) + 気 (ki, “sense; mood; energy; spirit”).


面

両A面


首

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kunpi.

corona

circumference of the base of the glans penis in human males

neck (part of the body connecting head and torso)

首無し

首を刎ねる
kubiohaneru
to behead


首

首 (canonical)
kōbe (romanization)
kaube (romanization)
かうべ (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
Analyzed as a shift from earlier kamipe, as a compound of either 上 (kami, “upper”) or 髪 (kami, “hair”) with the suffix 方 (he, “location”).
/kamipe/ → /kampe/ → /kaube/ → /kɔːbe/ → /koːbe/

遊生夢死
才能ない脳内 唱えよシスターズ
首を垂れることしかないの
Yūsei bōshi
Sainō nai nōnai tonaeyo shisutāzu

2021 September 10, Eve (lyrics and music), “遊生夢死 [Live Playing, Die Dreaming]”

Live playing, die dreaming
Chant inside my talentless brain, sisters
All I can do is bow down

Alternative spelling of 頭 (“head”) (part of the body)


餅

餅は餅屋

get mochi from a mochi shop → every man to its trade

絵に描いた餅

mochi draw in the painting → pie in the sky

→ Chinese: 麻糬 (máshǔ)

→ English: mochi

→ Indonesian: moci

→ Macanese: múchi

Daijisen
Japanese dwarf flying squirrel
ja:松村明

/mot͡ɕiː/ → /mot͡ɕi/
Shift from older mochii, historical mochihi (see below). Now the modern term for a glutinous rice cake.
Compare モモンガ (momonga, “Japanese dwarf flying squirrel”), with a similar shift.

自分で自分の行動に条件をつけちゃうんだよ、この娘——例えば、毎年初雪が降るまでモチは食わないとか、霊柩車が通るまで道を渡らないとか、ネコがあくびするまでコタツを出ないとか。
Jibun de jibun no kōdō ni jōken o tsukechaun da yo, kono ko—— Tatoeba, maitoshi hatsuyuki ga furu made mochi wa kuwanai toka, reikyūsha ga tōru made michi o wataranai toka, neko ga akubisuru made kotatsu o denai toka.

1996 February 20 [1988 February 15], Mitsuru Adachi, “テイク・オフ [Take Off]”, in SHORT PROGRAM (SHORT PROGRAM) [SHORT PROGRAM], 25th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 107

She sets terms for every of her own actions— Like, not eating mochi until the first snowfall of each year, not crossing the street until the hearse passes by, or not leaving the kotatsu until her cat yawns.

mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients)


餅

餅 (canonical)
mochii (romanization)
motifi (romanization)
もちひ (hiragana historical)

table
⟨moti ipi₁⟩ → */motipʲi/ → /mot͡ɕifi/ → /mot͡ɕiwi/ → /mot͡ɕiː/
First attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE).
Shift from 糯飯 (mochi-ii), itself a compound of 糯 (mochi, “glutinous rice”) + 飯 (ii, “cooked grains”).

(archaic) mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients)


餅

Muromachi period
Nippo Jisho
nyōbō kotoba
餅

First attested in Muromachi period texts.
Originally a 女房詞 (nyōbō kotoba, literally “woman's language”) term, derived as a compound of 搗ち (kachi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 搗つ (katsu, “to pound in a mortar”) + 飯 (ii, “cooked grains”). The final ん (-n) is likely an informal suffix. Listed as cachin in the Nippo Jisho of 1603.

(colloquial) mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients)


餅

/amːot͡ɕi/ → /amːo/ → /amo/
A shift from 餡餅 (anmochi, “red bean-paste mochi”), deriving from baby talk. Appears in the Nippo Jisho of 1603, described as “Palaura de mulheres, 🙰 mininos” (“a women's and children's word”).

(usually childish) mochi filled or wrapped in red bean paste

(usually childish, by extension) mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients)


鼓

/tudumi₁/ → /tudumi/ → /t͡sud͡zumi/ → /t͡suzumi/
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE. From Proto-Japonic *tuntumi. Related to Okinawan 鼓 (chijin).

generic name for musical instruments with a leather head that can be struck.


鼓

鼓 (canonical)
Tsuzumi (romanization)
鼓 (canonical)
Tsuzumi (romanization)


鼓

鼓 (canonical)
Tsutsumi (romanization)
鼓 (canonical)
Hibiki (romanization)

from 響き (hibiki, “echo”)


鶴

Given a crane's long neck and how the bird hunts, possibly related to 蔓 (tsuru, “vine”); 弦 (tsuru, “bowstring; musical instrument string”); 釣る, 吊る (tsuru, “to hang down; to string up; to fish”). Given how cranes flock together, possibly related also to 連る (tsuru), older root form of modern verb 連れる (tsureru, “to accompany”). That said, 連る also appears to ultimately derive from 蔓 (tsuru, “vine”).
Vovin (2008) considers it possibly related to an ancestor of Korean 두루미 (durumi, “crane”), with a root-final -m vanishing later, leaving only a Kansai accent pattern behind. May ultimately be a regional Wanderwort. Compare also Proto-Finno-Ugric *tërka (“crane”), and Proto-Turkic *turunya (“crane”) (whence Turkish turna), Mongolian тогоруу (togoruu, “crane”).
The reading tsuru is first seen used to mean “a crane” from the late Heian period. Prior to that time, the only reading used for the bird was tazu. However, the kanji 鶴 was used in the Man'yōshū (759 CE) as a 借訓 (shakkun) reading for つる (turu → tsuru), the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of つ (tu → tsu, auxiliary verb of affirmation, certainty, or completion), suggesting that tsuru may have already existed as an everyday term meaning “a crane”.


鬼

(astronomy) the Ghost constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions


麻

From Old Japanese.
Likely cognate with Korean 삼 (sam, “hemp”).

麻衣 阿佐衣

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


麻

麻 (canonical)
o (romanization)
wo (romanization)
を (hiragana historical)


麻

Possibly from an altered pronunciation of asa.


音

table
*/ʔiəm/ → /əmʉ/ → /omʉ/ → /oɴ/
From Middle Chinese 音 (MC 'im).


音

音 (canonical)
音 (canonical)
oto (romanization)
otto (romanization)

table
⟨oto₂⟩ → */otə/ → /oto/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ətə.
Appears in the late 1400s with the geminate pronunciation /otto/. This reading is very rare, and appears to have fallen out of use.

音を漏らす

音を立てずに
oto o tatezu ni
without raising a sound → noiselessly; silently


音

table
From Middle Chinese 音 (MC 'im).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

子音、母音

(uncommon) Alternative form of 音 (on)
sound


鳥

⟨to₂ri⟩ → /tori/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *təri. Probably cognate with Middle Korean ᄃᆞᆰ (tolk), modern Korean 닭 (dak, “fowl; chicken”).
May also be related to the verb 飛ぶ (tobu, “to fly”).


骨

骨牌: a certain kind of traditional Japanese playing card

a certain mah-jongg tile depict animal bone


インドネシア語

インドネシア語 (canonical)
Indoneshiago (romanization)

bahasa Indonesia, Indonesian; the national language of Indonesia


アセチレン

[a̠se̞t͡ɕiɾẽ̞ɴ]

アセチレン系炭化水素

系炭化水素 けいたんかすいそ


鼻

Kyūjitai
Proto-Japonic language
Shinjitai

From Proto-Japonic *pana. The sense as a pronoun is from pointing to one's nose to refer to oneself.

first-person personal male pronoun; I, me


長

長 (canonical)
chō (romanization)
tyau (romanization)
ちやう (hiragana historical)

/tjau/ → /t͡ɕjau/ → /t͡ɕɔː/ → /t͡ɕoː/
From Middle Chinese 長 (MC trjangX) in the sense of “chief, head, leader” and 長 (MC drjang) (literally meaning “long”) for other senses. The two Middle Chinese readings were distinct but etymologically connected.


長

From Old Japanese.
Probably derived from 就か (tsuka, irrealis form of verb 就く (tsuku), “to take a position”) + さ (-sa, “-ness”, suffix indicating state or degree).

com

irrealis form of verb <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">就く</i> (tsuku), “to take a position”


長

Nominalization of verb 長ける (takeru, “to excel at”).


長

From Old Japanese.
Nominalization of classical adjective 久し (hisashi), modern 久しい (hisashii, “long time”).


食

Engishiki
Kyūjitai
Middle Chinese language
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinjitai
Tōkyō
ja:延喜式
Ōsaka

From Middle Chinese 蝕 (MC zyik, “to eat away at, to erode; to eclipse”), originally the same word in Old Chinese as 食 (MC zyik, “to eat”).
First attested in the 延喜式 (Engishiki) of 927.

ltc-l

レーマーが木星の衛星の１つであるイオの食の周期を測定したところ、一定ではなく、地球の公転に伴い変動することがわかりました。
Rēmā ga Mokusei no eisei no hitotsu de aru Io no shoku no shūki o sokutei shita tokoro, ittei de wa naku, Chikyū no kōten ni tomonai hendō suru koto ga wakarimashita.

2015, 田原真人, これだけ! 高校物理 波･音･光 波動編, 秀和システム, page 97

When Rømer measured the period of the eclipses of Io, one of Jupiter's satellites, he discovered that it was not constant but fluctuated with the Earth's revolution.

食, 蝕: (astronomy) eclipse (often, but not exclusively, of the sun or the moon)


遊戯

遊戯 (canonical)
遊戯 (canonical)
yuge (romanization)
yuke (romanization)

/jiu ke/ → /juke/ ↔ /juɡe/
Likely the oldest borrowing from Middle Chinese 遊戲 (MC yuw xje), attested in Heian period literature.

(Buddhism) freedom, said of the Buddha, bodhisattvas, or other enlightened beings


龍

ja-noun

龍(りゅう) • (ryū)

From Middle Chinese 龍 (MC ljowng).
The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese.

a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with a Chinese dragon design


龍

ja-pos

龍(りゅう) • (Ryū)

(astronomy) Short for りゅう座 (Ryūza): the constellation Draco


韓国

[kã̠ŋko̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Shortened from 大韓民国(だいかんみんこく) (Daikan Minkoku, “Republic of Korea”), from Korean 대한민국 (Daehanmin'guk). The archaic sense may be from 大韓帝國(だいかんていこく) (Daikan Teikoku, “Korean Empire”).

ja-r

(history, archaic) Korea (former empire in East Asia) (1897–1910)


パン

→ Ainu: パン (pan)

→ Amis: epang

→ Bunun: paang

→ Hakka: 麭／𮮆 (pháng)

→ Korean: 빵 (ppang)

→ Min Nan: 麭／𮮆 (pháng)

→ Paiwan: pang

→ Rukai: pange

→ Saaroa: pangʉ

From Portuguese pão (“bread”), from Latin pānem, accusative singular form of pānis (“bread”). Compare French pain, Italian pane, Romanian pâine, Spanish pan.

bread, pastries, any baked good with a crust (a type of food)

食パン

pullman loaf, sandwich loaf, pain de mie, a loaf or a slice


パン

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Πάν (Pán).


BSE

bovine spongiform encephalopathy
bovine spongiform encephalopathy

(pathology, neurology) BSE, bovine spongiform encephalopathy


西洋山葵

ja-noun

西(せい)洋(よう)山葵(わさび) or 西洋山葵(セイヨウワサビ) • (seiyō wasabi) ^(←せいやうわさび (seyawasabi)?)

西洋山葵 (canonical)
西洋山葵 (canonical)
seiyō wasabi (romanization)
seyawasabi (romanization)
せいやうわさび (hiragana historical)

Compound of 西洋(せいよう) (seiyō, “Western”) + 山葵(わさび) (wasabi, “wasabi”).


山葵

山葵 (canonical)
山葵 (canonical)
wasabi (romanization)

→ English: wasabi

→ Hokkien: 哇沙米 (oa-sá-bih)

→ Mandarin: 哇沙比 (wāshābǐ)

→ Miyako: 山葵 (wasabi)

*/wasapi/ → /wasabi/
First attested in the Honzō Wamyō (918 CE) with this kanji compound and phonetic spelling of 和佐比.
The kanji reflects where the plant was first observed: 山 (yama, “mountains”), and their leaves resembling 葵 (aoi, “hollyhocks”) or 銭葵 (zeniaoi, “mallows”).

山葵澄まし

grated wasabi mixed with soy sauce and mirin

Japanese horseradish
Japanese horseradish

wasabi: the Japanese horseradish (Eutrema japonicum, Wasabia japonica)


字典

ja-noun

字(じ)典(てん) or 字(もじ)典(てん) • (jiten or mojiten)

字典 (canonical)
字典 (canonical)
jiten (romanization)
mojiten (romanization)

dictionary of kanji; Han character dictionary


頭

Daijirin
Head
Old Japanese language
The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter
Wamyō Ruijushō
ja:頭

Probably from Old Japanese. First cited in the ten-volume Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.
Unknown derivation. Theories include:
* Compound of 天玉 (a tama, literally “heaven, sky + ball”). This is problematic phonetically, as 天 appears historically as ama or ame, not as just a
* Compound of 当て間 (ate ma, literally “putting something in contact + space, gap”), referring to the head as a moxibustion point. This is also problematic phonetically, as the shift from ate to ata necessitates a change in meaning of the underlying verb. This is also problematic semantically, as the 間 (ma) term refers more specifically to a gap or space.
* Compound of 貴間 (ate ma, literally “noble + space”), referring to the most important part of the body. However, the use of 間 (ma) in this way is again problematic. Moreover, 貴 (ate, “noble”) appears in The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter dating to the 900s CE, while 頭 (atama) with a sense of fontanelle appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō dated 938 CE, leaving insufficient time for either the semantic or phonetic drift required.
Historically, this term first appears with a sense of fontanelle, in reference to the soft place on the top of an infant's head where the bones of the skull have not yet fused. As such, a more likely derivation might be as a compound of 当た (ata, “not quite touching, not quite in contact”, possibly a fossilized 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of classical verb 当つ (atsu), root of modern 当たる (ataru, “to touch, to come into contact”)) + 間 (ma, “space, gap, opening”).

compound

頭が痛い。

(anatomy, archaic, possibly obsolete) the fontanelle part of the skull


RPG

[a̠ːɾɯ̟ᵝpʲiːʑiː]

ロールプレイングゲーム ロールプレイングゲーム#Japanese

Abbreviation of ロールプレイングゲーム (rōru-pureingu gēmu, “role-playing game”).


オタク

desc

→ Arabic: أُوتَاكُو (ʔūtākū)

→ Arabic: أُوتَاكُو (ʔūtākū)

→ Bengali: ওতাকু (ōtaku)

⇒ Chinese:

Mandarin: 御宅族 (yùzháizú)

⇒ Mandarin: 宅男 (zháinán)

⇒ Mandarin: 宅女 (zháinǚ)

→ English: otaku

→ German: Otaku

→ Greek: οτάκου (otákou)

→ Hebrew: אוֹטָאקוּ (otáku)

→ Italian: otaku

→ Korean: 오타쿠 (otaku), 오덕후 (odeokhu)

→ Marathi: ओताकु (otāku)

→ Persian: اتاکو (otâku)

→ Russian: ота́ку (otáku)

→ Spanish: otaku

→ Thai: โอะตะกุ (ò-dtà-gù)

From お宅 (otaku), the honorific version of 宅 (taku, “home”), referring to 1982–1983 Macross fans, or perhaps earlier; see Wikipedia discussion.

しかし、多くの友達にとってはそんなことにはまったく興味はなく、「またかよ〜」と飽き飽きしているのですが、「電車の時刻表」、「ポットン便所」、「明智光秀」、「テレビ番組の細かすぎるオタク」と、どんな話題からもルド君はそちらに持って行ってしまうのです。
Shikashi, ōku no tomodachi ni totte wa sonna koto ni wa mattaku kyōmi wa naku,“mata ka yo~” to akiaki shiteiru no desu ga,“densha no jikokuhyō”,“potton benjo”,“Akechi Mitsuhide”,“terebi bangumi no komakasugiru otaku” to, donna wadai kara mo Rudo-kun wa sochira ni motte itte shimau no desu.

2002, 山田裕康 [Yamada Hiroyasu], LDの可能性を広げる, page 11

統計学者は所詮、数字オタクやグラフ作成者と思われがちだが、それは明らかに間違った解釈である。

2004, Jim Albert, Jay Bennett, translated by 加藤貴昭 [Katō Yoshiaki], メジャーリーグの数理科学 (上) [Major league mathematical science (first part)], page 58

Statisticians are after all liable to be thought of as number geeks and graph makers, but that is obviously a mistaken interpretation.

Tōkeigakusha wa shosen, sūji otaku ya gurafu sakuseisha to omoware gachi da ga, sore wa akiraka ni machigatta kaishaku dearu.

今や日本でも茶芸館が、エキセントリックなオタクではなく、おしゃれな女性たちに楽しまれるようになった。

And now in Japan as well tea houses have come to be enjoyed not by eccentric geeks but by stylish women.

Ima ya Nihon de mo chageikan ga, ekisentorikku na otaku de wa naku, oshare na josei-tachi ni tanoshimareru yō ni natta.

(chiefly derogatory) geek, nerd, freak, no-lifer; one who is obsessed with something to the exclusion of such things as social interaction.

Otaku#Etymology
The Super Dimension Fortress Macross
ja:オタク


漢字

→ English: Kanji, kanji

→ French: kanji

→ German: Kanji

→ Indonesian: kanji

→ Portuguese: kanji

→ Russian: кандзи́ (kandzí)

→ Spanish: kanji

→ Thai: คันจิ (kan-jì)

From Middle Chinese compound 漢字 (MC xanH dziH, literally “Han Chinese + character”). Compare modern Mandarin 漢字／汉字 (hànzì), Hokkien 漢字／汉字 (hàn-jī / hàn-lī).

zh-l

漢字／汉字 (hànzì)


タバコ

タバコ (canonical)
たばこ (canonical)
tabako (romanization)

→ Early Modern Korean: 담파고 (tamphakwo)

→ Ainu: タンパク (tampaku)

ja:たばこ ja:タバコ


英語

Borrowed from Chinese 英語／英语 (yīngyǔ), or a compound coined in Japan of 英 (ei, “England”) + 語 (-go, “language”).

私は英語で話すことが出来ます。

Watashi wa Eigo de hanasu koto ga dekimasu.

貴方は英語が話せますか？

オレの日本語どう？悪くないだろ 韓国語と英語も話すんだぜ 趣味だな語学は

2002 March 9, Yumi Hotta with Obata, Takeshi, “第131局 試される伊角 [Game 131: Isumi’s Endeavor]”, in ヒカルの碁 [Hikaru’s Go], volume 16 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, page 56

How’s my Japanese? Not bad, right? I also speak Korean and English. I like learning languages.

Ore no nihongo dō? Waruku nai daro Kankokugo to eigo mo hanasu n da ze Shumi da na gogaku wa


UNESCO

UNESCO (canonical)
Yunesuko (romanization)

[jɯ̟ᵝne̞sɨ̥ᵝko̞]

国際連合教育科学文化機関 国際連合教育科学文化機関#Japanese

Synonym of 国際連合教育科学文化機関 (Kokusai Rengō Kyōiku Kagaku Bunka Kikan, “United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization”); the UNESCO


CPU

[ɕiːpʲiːjɯ̟ᵝː]


飛び子

From 飛び魚 (トビウオ, flying fish) + 子 (child)


ADHD

ja-noun

ADHD(エーディーエッチディー) • (ēdīetchidī)

ADHD (canonical)
ēdīetchidī (romanization)

(neurology, pathology, psychiatry, psychology) ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder


RNA

RNA (canonical)
āru-enu-ē (romanization)

[a̠ːɾɯ̟ᵝe̞nɯ̟ᵝe̞ː]

ribonucleic acid
ribonucleic acid#English

(genetics, biochemistry) Synonym of リボ核酸 (ribo-kakusan, “ribonucleic acid”); RNA


ほ

ho (romanization)
fo (romanization)
ほ (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *po.


修羅

修羅霊

the spirit of a demi-god or of a demi-demon

(Buddhism) Asura (a demigod of the lowest class)

(Buddhism) short for 修羅道 (shuradō, “realm of Asura; one of the six realms of reincarnation in Buddhism”).


ど

度: (geometry) degree of an angle; degree in temperature; number of times; percentage of alcohol concentration


木曜日

木(もく)曜(よう)日(び) • (mokuyōbi) ^(←もくえうび (mokueubi)?)

木曜日 (canonical)
mokuyōbi (romanization)
mokueubi (romanization)
もくえうび (hiragana historical)

/mokueubi/ > /mokujoːbi/.
Compound of 木曜 (mokuyō, “Jupiter (the planet)”, in reference also to the day for that planet, as originally imported from Chinese astrology in the Heian period) + 日 (hi, “day”).
The compound form suffixed with 日 (hi, “day”) appears in common use from the Meiji period with the promulgation of the Gregorian calendar.

compound

Daijirin
Daijisen
Gregorian calendar
Heian period
Meiji period
ja:松村明


旨味

Compound of 旨 (uma, the stem of adjective 旨い (umai, “tasty, delicious”)) + み (-mi, “-ness”, in reference to quality, contrasting with suffix さ (sa, “-ness”) that is used to describe degree).
The use of 味 to spell the -mi suffix is an example of ateji (当て字).

affix

the stem of adjective <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">旨い</i> (umai, “tasty, delicious”)

in reference to quality, contrasting with suffix <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">さ</i> (sa, “-ness”) that is used to describe degree


濠太剌利

ja-pos

濠太剌利(オーストラリア) • (Ōsutoraria)

濠太剌利 (canonical)
Ōsutoraria (romanization)

オーストラリア オーストラリア#Japanese

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as its precursor colony in the British Empire)
## (geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)

オーストラリア オーストラリア#Japanese


イスラム教

イスラム教 (canonical)
Isuramu-kyō (romanization)

[isɨᵝɾa̠mɯ̟ᵝ kʲo̞ː]

イスラム (Isuramu, “Islamic”) + 教 (-kyō, “religion”)


黒い

ja-adj

黒(くろ)い • (kuroi) -i (adverbial 黒(くろ)く (kuroku))

黒い (canonical)
kuroi (romanization)
黒く (adverbial)
黒かろ (imperfective stem)
くろかろ (imperfective stem)
kurokaro (imperfective)
黒く (continuative stem)
くろく (continuative stem)
kuroku (continuative)
黒い (stem terminative)
くろい (stem terminative)
kuroi (terminative)
黒い (attributive stem)
くろい (attributive stem)
kuroi (attributive)
黒けれ (hypothetical stem)
くろけれ (hypothetical stem)
kurokere (hypothetical)
黒かれ (imperative stem)
くろかれ (imperative stem)
kurokare (imperative)
黒くない (informal negative)
くろくない (informal negative)
kuroku nai (informal negative)
黒かった (informal past)
くろかった (informal past)
kurokatta (informal past)
黒くなかった (informal negative past)
くろくなかった (informal negative past)
kuroku nakatta (informal negative past)
黒いです (formal)
くろいです (formal)
kuroi desu (formal)
黒くないです (formal negative)
くろくないです (formal negative)
kuroku nai desu (formal negative)
黒かったです (formal past)
くろかったです (formal past)
kurokatta desu (formal past)
黒くなかったです (formal negative past)
くろくなかったです (formal negative past)
kuroku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
黒くて (conjunctive)
くろくて (conjunctive)
kurokute (conjunctive)
黒ければ (conditional)
くろければ (conditional)
kurokereba (conditional)
黒かったら (conditional past)
くろかったら (conditional past)
kurokattara (conditional past)
黒かろう (volitional)
くろかろう (volitional)
kurokarō (volitional)
黒く (adverbial)
くろく (adverbial)
kuroku (adverbial)
黒さ (noun-from-adj)
くろさ (noun-from-adj)
kurosa (noun-from-adj)
黒く (irrealis stem)
黒から (irrealis stem)
くろく (irrealis stem)
くろから (irrealis stem)
kuroku (irrealis)
kurokara (irrealis)
黒く (continuative stem)
黒かり (continuative stem)
くろく (continuative stem)
くろかり (continuative stem)
kuroku (continuative)
kurokari (continuative)
黒し (stem terminative)
くろし (stem terminative)
kurosi (terminative)
黒き (attributive stem)
黒かる (attributive stem)
くろき (attributive stem)
くろかる (attributive stem)
kuroki (attributive)
kurokaru (attributive)
黒けれ (realis stem)
くろけれ (realis stem)
kurokere (realis)
黒かれ (imperative stem)
くろかれ (imperative stem)
kurokare (imperative)
黒からず (negative)
くろからず (negative)
kurokarazu (negative)
黒けれど (contrastive)
くろけれど (contrastive)
kurokeredo (contrastive)
黒ければ (causative)
くろければ (causative)
kurokereba (causative)
黒くば (conditional)
くろくば (conditional)
kurokuba (conditional)
黒かりき (past)
くろかりき (past)
kurokariki (past)
黒かりけり (past)
くろかりけり (past)
kurokarikeri (past)
黒く (adverbial)
くろく (adverbial)
kuroku (adverbial)

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE. See noun 黒 for details.
This adjective was rendered in Old Japanese following ク活用 (ku katsuyō, “-ku conjugation”). Over time this shifted to an -i adjective, via the 連用形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of such, as all other -ku adjectives.


オーストラリア

[o̞ːsɨ̥ᵝto̞ɾa̠ɾʲia̠]

濠太剌利

濠太剌利 オーストラリア

アメリカ

北アメリカ (Kita Amerika; ), 南アメリカ (Minami Amerika, )

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as its precursor colony in the British Empire)
# (geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


す

Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 寸 in the cursive sōsho style.

ja-kana-mannyogana-etym

The hiragana syllable す (su). Its equivalent in katakana is ス (su). It is the thirteenth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is さ行う段 (sa-gyō u-dan, “row sa, section u”).


す

su (romanization)
す (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *su. Ultimate derivation uncertain.
* Perhaps a native Japanese term, with the su reading somehow related to the way that very sour things cause one to pucker.
* Alternatively, from Middle Chinese 醋 (MC tshuH). Borrowed earlier (vinegar was historically introduced to Japan in the 300-400s from China) than the systematic introduction of kanji, thus later mistaken as a native Japanese term. Compare modern Mandarin 醋 (cù) or Cantonese 醋 (cou³).

バルサミコ酢

cutting something with vinegar and swallowing it down

酢でさいて飲む: → in reference with the ease of cutting a fish

and eating it: doing something very simple

by konjac” → something that cannot be done in the usual fashion

→ to lose goodwill through excessive sycophancy

to anger someone by saying more than one should


す

su (romanization)
せ (irrealis stem)
se (irrealis stem)
し (continuative stem)
si (continuative stem)
す (stem terminative)
su (stem terminative)
する (attributive stem)
suru (attributive stem)
すれ (realis stem)
sure (realis stem)
せよ (imperative stem)
seyo (imperative stem)
せず (negative)
sezu (negative)
すれど (contrastive)
suredo (contrastive)
すれば (causative)
sureba (causative)
せば (conditional)
seba (conditional)
しき (past)
siki (past)
しけり (past)
sikeri (past)
しつ (perfect)
situ (perfect)
しぬ (perfect)
sinu (perfect)
せり (continuative perfect)
したり (continuative perfect)
seri (continuative perfect)
sitari (continuative perfect)
せむ (volitional)
semu (volitional)


図書館

ja-noun

図(と)書(しょ)館(かん) • (toshokan) ^(←としよくわん (tosyokwan)?)

図書館 (canonical)
toshokan (romanization)
tosyokwan (romanization)
としよくわん (hiragana historical)

[to̞ɕo̞kã̠ɴ]

Compound of 図(と)書(しょ) (tosho, “books”) + 館(かん) (-kan, “building”).


め

Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 女 in the cursive sōsho style.

ja-kana-mannyogana-etym

The hiragana syllable め (me). Its equivalent in katakana is メ (me). It is the thirty-fourth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is ま行え段 (ma-gyō e-dan, “row ma, section e”).


め

me (romanization)
め (hiragana historical)

⟨me₂⟩ → */məɨ/ → /me/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *may. Cognate with 目(ま) (ma, bound form). Now the modern Japanese term for eye.
Probably cognate with 見る (miru, “to see, to look”).
May also be cognate with 芽 (me, “bud, shoot”), perhaps from the “visually prominent feature” sense, and with suppositional / volitional verb suffix む (mu) (presenting in modern Japanese verb conjugations as the -ō or -yō endings), perhaps from the “seem like, look like” sense.

黒目

black iris, an eye with large pupil or irises

ミシン目
mishin-me
perforation

細目・荒目

目: visually prominent feature of something:

目: small hole, like those inherent to a net-like material (between the warp and the weft)

①：サイコロを１回振る。相手フィールドのモンスターの攻撃力・守備力は、ターン終了時まで出た目の数×100ダウンする。
Ichi: Saikoro o ikkai furu. Aite fīrudo no monsutā no kōgekiryoku shubiryoku wa, tān shūryōji made deta me no kazu kakeru hyaku daun suru.
1: Roll a die once. Until the end of this turn, the attack and defense strength of the monsters on your opponent’s field decreases by the result ×100.

2015 January 10, “悪魔のサイコロ [Demon’s Die]”, in 決闘者の栄光 －記憶の断片－ side：武藤遊戯 [Duelist Road －Piece of Memory－ side: Mutō Yūgi], Konami

①：サイコロを１回振り、出た目の効果を適用する。

2015 September 19, “サイコロン [Dicyclone]”, in STRUCTURE DECK R －真帝王降臨－ [STRUCTURE DECK R －Advent of the True Sovereign－], Konami

1: Roll a die once, then apply an effect accordingly to the result.

Ichi: Saikoro o ikkai furi, deta me no kōka o tekiyō suru.

目: short for 賽の目 (sai no me, “dice pip”).


め

-me (romanization)
め (hiragana historical)

三本目のボトル

目: -st, -nd, -rd, or -th, for ordinal numbers (e.g. 8th or eighth, 9th or ninth)


め

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.
Possibly cognate with 目・眼 (me), perhaps from the “visually prominent feature” sense of that term.

芽: (biology) a bird embryo: more specifically, as found on the yolk of an egg, the blastodisk, the germinal disk, the embryonic disk


厨房

ja-noun

厨(ちゅう)房(ぼう) • (chūbō)

[t͡ɕɨᵝːbo̞ː]

Alternative kana conversion of 中(ちゅう)坊(ぼう) (chūbō).

ja-r

中(ちゅう)坊(ぼう) (chūbō)

(Internet slang, derogatory) Internet troll


ゆき

⟨yuki₁⟩ → */jukʲi/ → /juki/
From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.
Also found once in the Man'yōshū in a so-called 東歌 (Azuma uta, literally “eastern song”) in the eastern dialect of Old Japanese, realized as ⟨yo₂ki₁⟩.
Reconstructed by some as deriving from Proto-Japonic *yoki.


ゆき

この電車は奈良行きです。


聞く

ja-verb

聞(き)く • (kiku) transitive godan (stem 聞(き)き (kiki), past 聞(き)いた (kiita))

聞く (canonical)
kiku (romanization)
聞き (stem)
聞いた (past)
聞か
きか
kika
聞き
きき
kiki
聞く
きく
kiku
聞け
きけ
kike
聞かれる (passive)
きかれる (passive)
kikareru (passive)
聞かせる (causative)
聞かす (causative)
きかせる (causative)
きかす (causative)
kikaseru (causative)
kikasu (causative)
聞ける (potential)
きける (potential)
kikeru (potential)
聞こう (volitional)
きこう (volitional)
kikō (volitional)
聞かない (negative)
きかない (negative)
kikanai (negative)
聞かず (continuative negative)
きかず (continuative negative)
kikazu (continuative negative)
聞きます (formal)
ききます (formal)
kikimasu (formal)
聞いた (perfective)
きいた (perfective)
kiita (perfective)
聞いて (conjunctive)
きいて (conjunctive)
kiite (conjunctive)
聞けば (conditional hypothetical)
きけば (conditional hypothetical)
kikeba (conditional hypothetical)
聞か (irrealis stem)
きか (irrealis stem)
kika (irrealis)
聞き (continuative stem)
きき (continuative stem)
kiki (continuative)
聞く (stem terminative)
きく (stem terminative)
kiku (terminative)
聞く (attributive stem)
きく (attributive stem)
kiku (attributive)
聞け (realis stem)
きけ (realis stem)
kike (realis)
聞け (imperative stem)
きけ (imperative stem)
kike (imperative)
聞かず (negative)
きかず (negative)
kikazu (negative)
聞けど (contrastive)
きけど (contrastive)
kikedo (contrastive)
聞けば (causative)
きけば (causative)
kikeba (causative)
聞かば (conditional)
きかば (conditional)
kikaba (conditional)
聞きき (past)
ききき (past)
kikiki (past)
聞きけり (past)
ききけり (past)
kikikeri (past)
聞きつ (perfect)
ききつ (perfect)
kikitu (perfect)
聞きぬ (perfect)
ききぬ (perfect)
kikinu (perfect)
聞けり (continuative perfect)
聞きたり (continuative perfect)
きけり (continuative perfect)
ききたり (continuative perfect)
kikeri (continuative perfect)
kikitari (continuative perfect)
聞かむ (volitional)
きかむ (volitional)
kikamu (volitional)

From Old Japanese. First appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE in its 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”), spelled in phonetic man'yōgana as 岐加受 (kikazu). Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kiku.
Cognates
In the Ryukyuan branch of Japonic, cognate with Kikai 聞きゅい (kikyui), Kunigami 聞ちゅん (hichun, shichun), Miyako 聞きぃ (ksïksï), Northern Amami-Oshima 聞きゅり (kikyuri), Okinawan 聞ちゅん (chichun), Oki-No-Erabu 聞きゅん (kikyun), Southern Amami-Oshima 聞きゅむっ (xikyum), Toku-No-Shima 聞き (kiki), Yaeyama 聞くん (sïkun), Yonaguni 聞ん (kkun), and Yoron 聞きゅん (kikyun).

よく聞くとセミの鳴き声が聞こえる。

If you listen closely, you can hear the cicadas.

Yoku kiku to semi no nakigoe ga kikoeru.

そんなの聞いたことないぞ。


電話

→ Amis: tingwa, dingwa

→ Atayal: renwa'

→ Bunun: ding-ua, zing-ua

→ Chinese: 電話／电话 (diànhuà)

→ Kavalan: dingwa

→ Korean: 전화 (jeonhwa)

→ Okinawan: 電話 (でぃんわ, dinwa)

→ Paiwan: dingwa

→ Pingelapese: dengiwa

→ Pohnpeian: dengwa

→ Puyuma: dingwa

→ Rukai: dingwa, dinva

→ Taroko: dengwa

→ Tsou: tenva

→ Vietnamese: điện thoại

→ Yami: dingwa

Wasei kango, from 電 (den, “electric”) + 話 (wa, “conversation”). See also 話す (hanasu).

携帯電話: a cellular [mobile] phone

携帯電話 けいたいでんわ

衛星電話

衛星電話 えいせいでんわ

公衆電話

公衆電話 こうしゅうでんわ

脅迫電話

脅迫電話 きょうはくでんわ

国際電信電話

国際電信電話 こくさいでんしんでんわ

国際電話: international phone

国際電話 こくさいでんわ

自動車電話

自動車電話 じどうしゃでんわ

卓上電話

卓上電話 たくじょうでんわ

長距離電話

長距離電話 ちょうきょりでんわ

直通電話

直通電話 ちょくつうでんわ

通常加入電話

通常加入電話 つうじょうかにゅうでんわ

転送電話

転送電話 てんそうでんわ

内線電話

内線電話 ないせんでんわ

留守番電話

留守番電話 るすばんでんわ

電話会社

電話会社 でんわがいしゃ

電話回線

電話回線 でんわかいせん

電話交換局

電話交換局 でんわこうかんきょく

電話交換手

電話交換手 でんわこうかんしゅ

電話交換台

電話交換台 でんわこうかんだい

電話世論調査

電話世論調査 でんわせろんちょうさ

電話調査

電話調査 でんわちょうさ

電話番号

電話番号 でんわばんごう

電話加入者

電話加入者 でんわかにゅうしゃ

悪戯電話

悪戯電話 いたずらでんわ

共同電話

共同電話 きょうどうでんわ

電話を掛ける

電話が掛かって来る

電話を切る


北京

ja-pos

北(ほっ)京(きょう) • (Hokkyō) ^(←ほくきやう (fokukyau)?)

北京 (canonical)
Hokkyō (romanization)
fokukyau (romanization)
ほくきやう (hiragana historical)

Compound of 北(ほく) (hoku, “north”) + 京(きょう) (kyō, “capital city”). Attested from the 13th century.

ja-compound

(history) Kyoto the "Northern Capital", as opposed to Nara the "Southern Capital"


Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi (canonical)
wai-fai (romanization)


葡萄酒

ja-noun

葡(ぶ)萄(どう)酒(しゅ) • (budōshu) ^(←ぶだうしゅ (budausyu)?)

葡萄酒 (canonical)
budōshu (romanization)
budausyu (romanization)
ぶだうしゅ (hiragana historical)

[bɯ̟ᵝdo̞ːɕɨᵝ]

赤葡萄酒

赤葡萄酒 あかぶどうしゅ

白葡萄酒

白葡萄酒 しろぶどうしゅ

葡萄酒学

葡萄酒学 ぶどうしゅがく


賢者の石

賢者の石 (canonical)
kenja no ishi (romanization)

賢者 (kenja, “sage”) + の (possessive particle) + 石 (ishi, “stone”)

af

ハリー・ポッターと賢者の石

Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone

賢者の石－サバティエル
Kenja no Ishi － Sabatieru
Philosopher’s Stone - Sabbatiel


双節棍

ja-noun

双節棍(ぬんちゃく) or 双節棍(ヌンチャク) • (nunchaku)

双節棍 (canonical)
双節棍 (canonical)
nunchaku (romanization)

[nɯ̟̃ᵝɲ̟t͡ɕa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Borrowed from Okinawan 双節棍 (nunchaku), from Hokkien 兩節棍／雙節棍／两节棍／双节棍 (nn̄g-chat-kùn).


部屋

Originally a compound of へ (he, “separate”, cognate with the first element in 隔たる (hedataru, “to be apart”)) + 屋 (ya, “roof, house”).
First cited to the late 900s.

compound

cognate with the first element in <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">隔たる</i> (hedataru, “to be apart”)

八角部屋

(sumo) a stable where rikishi live and train together under a shisho oyakata (stable master)


中国語

中国語 (canonical)
Chūgokugo (romanization)

[t͡ɕɨᵝːɡo̞kɯ̟ᵝɡo̞]

中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (chūgoku, “China”) + 語(ご) (-go, “language”)


昨日

From Old Japanese. The initial ki is unclear, but is likely the same ki element that appears in other words pertaining to the past. This may be related to the now-obsolete auxiliary verb き (ki) indicating the recollective past -- see けり (keri). The final so is also unclear, but is probably the same as the final zo in 去年(こぞ) (kozo).
This may have been read as kizo in Old Japanese.

明後日

the day after tomorrow, two days from now


社会

ja-noun

社(しゃ)会(かい) • (shakai) ^(←しやくわい (syakwai)?)

社会 (canonical)
shakai (romanization)
syakwai (romanization)
しやくわい (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 社會 (MC dzyaeX hwajH, “public gathering for offering to the god of earth”), as a compound composed of 社 (d͡ʑia^X, “god of earth; ceremony for offering to the god of earth”) + 會 (“gathering”). The word was repurposed by Fukuchi Gen'ichirō in 1875 to translate the western concept of society.

ltc-l

社会問題

人は社会を成す動物だ。

1910, 森鷗外, 鴎外漁史とは誰ぞ

Man is an animal that builds societies / Man is a social animal.

society (group of people sharing culture)


教授

教授する (canonical)
kyōju suru (romanization)
教授し (stem)
教授した (past)
教授し
きょうじゅし
kyōju shi
教授する
きょうじゅする
kyōju suru
教授すれ
きょうじゅすれ
kyōju sure
教授せよ (imperative literary)
教授しろ (colloquial imperative)
きょうじゅせよ (imperative literary)
きょうじゅしろ (colloquial imperative)
kyōju seyo (imperative literary)
kyōju shiro (colloquial imperative)
教授される (passive)
きょうじゅされる (passive)
kyōju sareru (passive)
教授させる (causative)
教授さす (causative)
きょうじゅさせる (causative)
きょうじゅさす (causative)
kyōju saseru (causative)
kyōju sasu (causative)
教授できる (potential)
きょうじゅできる (potential)
kyōju dekiru (potential)
教授しよう (volitional)
きょうじゅしよう (volitional)
kyōju shiyō (volitional)
教授しない (negative)
きょうじゅしない (negative)
kyōju shinai (negative)
教授せず (continuative negative)
きょうじゅせず (continuative negative)
kyōju sezu (continuative negative)
教授します (formal)
きょうじゅします (formal)
kyōju shimasu (formal)
教授した (perfective)
きょうじゅした (perfective)
kyōju shita (perfective)
教授して (conjunctive)
きょうじゅして (conjunctive)
kyōju shite (conjunctive)
教授すれば (conditional hypothetical)
きょうじゅすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kyōju sureba (conditional hypothetical)


今年

Compound of 此(こ) (ko, “this”) + 年(とし) (toshi, “year”).
The use of the kanji 今 (“now”) instead of 此 (“this”) is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 今年 (jīnnián).

obor

契りおきしさせもが露を命にてあはれ今年の秋もいぬめり

1187, Senzai Wakashū (book 16, poem 1016; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 75)

I believed in you with all my heart but again this [year in] autumn passes, filled with sadness. Your promises―but vanishing dewdrops of the mugwort blessing!

chigiri-okishi sasemo ga tsuyu o inochi ni te aware kotoshi no aki mo inumeri


漢語

From Middle Chinese 漢語 (MC xanH ngjoX, “Han, Chinese + speech, language”).

ltc-l

kango, a Japanese word of Chinese origin, or a Japanese word coined along Chinese lines (a Sino-Japanese word)

the ancient Chinese language, the language of the Han (漢／汉 (hàn)) ethnicity


会陰

会陰 (canonical)
ein (romanization)
wein (romanization)
ゑいん (hiragana historical)


もしもし

A reduplication of もし (moshi), a shortened form of 申し (mōshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of humble verb 申す (mōsu, “to say, to speak”).

もしもし。こちらは、山田エージェンシーです。ご用件は？

(on the phone) Hello. This is Yamada Agency. May I help you?

Moshi moshi. Kochira wa, Yamada ējenshī desu. Go-yōken wa?

(telephony) a common Japanese telephone greeting: hello; used when answering the telephone


国字

kokuji (kanji invented outside of China)


旧字体

ja-noun

旧(きゅう)字(じ)体(たい) • (kyūjitai) ^(←きうじたい (kiuzitai)?)

旧字体 (canonical)
kiuzitai (romanization)
きうじたい (hiragana historical)

旧 (kyū-, “old”) + 字体 (jitai, “character form”)

prefix

kyūjitai (traditional form of Japanese kanji used before 1947)


新字体

[ɕĩɲ̟d͡ʑita̠i]

新 (shin-, “new”) + 字体 (jitai, “character form”).

shinjitai (a form of Japanese kanji used after 1947)


熟語

[d͡ʑɨᵝkɯ̟ᵝɡo̞]


温室効果

ja-noun

温(おん)室(しつ)効(こう)果(か) • (onshitsu kōka) ^(←をんしつかうくわ (wonsitukaukwa)?)

温室効果 (canonical)
onshitsu kōka (romanization)
wonsitukaukwa (romanization)
をんしつかうくわ (hiragana historical)

[õ̞ɰ̃ɕi̥t͡sɨᵝ ko̞ːka̠]

Calque of English greenhouse effect, equivalent to 温室 (onshitsu, “greenhouse”) + 効果 (kōka, “effect”).


経度

(geography) a longitude (angular distance)


兼

/kem/ → /kemʉ/ → /keɴ/
From Middle Chinese 兼 (MC kem|kemH).


映画

ja-noun

映(えい)画(が) • (eiga) ^(←えいぐわ (eigwa)?) (counter 本)

映画 (canonical)
eiga (romanization)
eigwa (romanization)
本 (counter)
えいぐわ (hiragana historical)

→ Sakizaya: iga

desc

→ Hakka: 映畫 é-kà／映画 é-kà

→ Hakka: 映畫 é-kà／映画 é-kà (Sixian)

いい映画を観た。


音楽

[õ̞ŋɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

From Middle Chinese 音樂 (MC 'im ngaewH|ngaewk|lak).

そういう気持は悪い音楽を聞いたあとの感動に非常に似ていた。

1927, 堀辰雄, ルウベンスの偽画

That feeling was exactly like the way I feel after listening to bad music.

Sō iu kimochi wa warui ongaku o kiita ato no kandō ni hijō ni niteita.


いと

Likely from Old Japanese [Term?]. Attested from at least the mid-ninth century.

Likely derived by extension from the meaning of daughter. The kanji are ateji.


新幹線

新幹線 (canonical)
shinkansen (romanization)

[ɕĩŋkã̠ɰ̃sẽ̞ɴ]

(rail transport) shinkansen (Japanese high-speed railway line)

(rail transport) shinkansen (high-speed passenger train which runs on such a line; a bullet train)


仮名

仮名 (canonical)
kemyō (romanization)
kemyau (romanization)
けみやう (hiragana historical)

/kemjau/ → /kemjɔː/ → /kemjoː/
From Middle Chinese 假名 (MC kaeX|kaeH mjieng, literally “borrowed; false + name”) 假名 (kæ^X mjieng, literally “borrowed; false + name”). The goon reading, so probably an earlier borrowing from Chinese. Compare modern Min Nan reading ké-miâ.
The Buddhist sense derives from use of this term in Chinese as a translation of Sanskrit प्रज्ञप्ति (prajñapti, “appointing → provisional naming”), used in some Buddhist schools to refer to the practice of conceptualising and naming things that are not real.

cog

(Buddhism) the conceptualisation and provisional naming of things that are not real; something so named


少年

ja-noun

少(しょう)年(ねん) • (shōnen) ^(←せうねん (seunen)?)

少年 (canonical)
shōnen (romanization)
seunen (romanization)
せうねん (hiragana historical)

/seunen/ → /ɕeunen/ → /ɕoːnen/
Borrowing from Middle Chinese 少年 (syewᴴ nen, literally “young + years”). Compare modern Cantonese 少年 (siu³ nin⁴), Mandarin 少年 (shàonián), Korean 소년 (sonyeon), Vietnamese thiếu niên.
Originally referred to young people of either gender. The meaning has narrowed in modern usage to more commonly refer to boys of elementary school or middle school age.

bor

少年時代

少年はこの漫画が大好きで、もう売り切れになっています。

Boys really like this manga, and it's already sold out.

Shōnen wa kono manga ga daisuki de, mō urikire ni natte imasu.

バーさん 俺は心は少年だから二人で200円で頼むわ

2011 February 9, Hideaki Sorachi, “第三百三十四訓 銭湯では身も心も丸裸 [Lesson 334: Our Bodies and Souls Are All Naked in the Public Baths]”, in 銀魂 (銀魂) [Silver Soul], volume 38 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha

Granny, I’m still a boy at heart, so make it 200 yen for two.

Bā-san ore wa kokoro wa shōnen da kara futari de nihyaku-en de tanomu wa

機怪の残骸で武装する、真っ直ぐな心の少年。

2017 April 15, “星杯に選ばれし者 [Chosen by the Star Chalice]”, in CODE OF THE DUELIST, Konami

An upright boy armed with the remains of Mechstrosities.

Kikai no zangai de busō suru, massugu na kokoro no shōnen.

少年院

reform school, juvenile reformatory, juvie

少年鑑別所

juvenile hall, Juvenile Classification Office

少年犯罪者

juvenile delinquent, juvenile offender (male)


LAN

local area network
local area network#English


今日

[kõ̞ɲ̟ɲ̟it͡ɕi]

From Middle Chinese compound 今日 (MC kim nyit). Compare modern Taishanese reading gim¹ ngit⁴.
The goon, so likely the original reading of the term as first borrowed from Middle Chinese.


今日

[kõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑit͡sɨᵝ]

From Middle Chinese 今日 (MC kim nyit). Compare modern Cantonese reading gam¹ jat⁶.
Change in reading from konnichi, keeping the earlier goon reading kon for 今, but substituting the later kan'on reading jitsu for 日.

明後日

the day after tomorrow; two days from now


眼鏡

→ Korean: 메가나 (megana)

Probably originally a compound of 目 (me, “eye”) + 金 (kane, “metal”, in reference to the metal used in eyeglass frames). The kane changes to gane as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The spelling is based on an apparent borrowing from Chinese, see the gankyō reading below.
Appears in texts from the late 1500s.

compound

眼鏡絵

painting designed to be viewed through a special type of glasses

水中眼鏡

hydroscope, water glass, swimming goggles


眼鏡

ja-noun

眼(がん)鏡(きょう) • (gankyō) ^(←がんきやう (gankyau)?)

眼鏡 (canonical)
gankyō (romanization)
gankyau (romanization)
がんきやう (hiragana historical)

[ɡã̠ŋʲkʲo̞ː]

/ɡankjau/ → /ɡankjɔː/ → /ɡankjoː/
Probably a borrowing from written Chinese 眼鏡／眼镜 (yǎnjìng). Eyeglasses are first mentioned in Chinese in the 1400s as 靉靆／叆叇 (aidai?), a transcription of an Arabic term. By the late Ming dynasty, eyeglasses appear in writing as 靉靆即眼鏡／叆叇即眼镜 (“aidai, i.e. eye-lenses”), using the compound term 眼鏡／眼镜 (yǎnjìng, literally “eye + lens”). Compare modern Min Nan reading gán-kiàⁿ.
This reading appears in texts from the 1920s.

(military, possibly archaic) glasses, eyeglasses

両眼鏡

両眼鏡 りょうがんきょう


修道院

修(しゅう)道(どう)院(いん) • (shūdōin)

From Chinese 修道 (xiūdào, “spiritual discipline”) + 院 (yuàn, “court or school”).

der

(Catholicism) an abbey; a monastery; a cloister


手裏剣

[ɕɨᵝɾʲikẽ̞ɴ]

Compound of 手裏 (shuri, “in the hand”) + 剣 (ken, “sword; blade”).

compound

(weaponry) shuriken, throwing star (a ninja weapon)


字体

the form of a character that belongs to a system, such as "Old", "New", "Simplified", "Traditional", etc.; this concerns the major, systematic differences, such as which radicals to be used, or stroke counts; compare 字形 (jikei)


品詞

→ Korean: 품사 (pumsa)

Coined in Japanese as a compound of 品 (hin, “item, article”) + 詞 (shi, “word”). First appears in reference to Japanese grammar in the 1874 book 小学日本文典 (Shōgaku Nihon Bunten, “Elementary Japan Grammar Book”) by 田中義廉 (Tanaka Yoshikado). Influenced by, and possibly a partial calque of English part of speech, French partie du discours, or Dutch woordsoort (literally “word sort”).

cal

Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Part of speech
ja:品詞
ja:田中義廉


神社

神社 (canonical)
jinja (romanization)
zinzya (romanization)
じんじや (hiragana historical)

→ English: jinja

[d͡ʑĩɲ̟d͡ʑa̠]


神社

ja-noun

神(かみ)社(やしろ) or 神(かむ)社(やしろ) • (kamiyashiro or kamuyashiro)

神社 (canonical)
神社 (canonical)
kamiyashiro (romanization)
kamuyashiro (romanization)

椿大神社


神社

神社 (canonical)
Kamiyashiro (romanization)

a town in Watarai District, Mie Prefecture


錬金術師

錬金術師 (canonical)
renkinjutsushi (romanization)

錬金術 (renkinjutsu, “alchemy”) + 師 (-shi, “-ist; -er”)

suffix

an alchemist (one who practices alchemy)


錬金術

ja-noun

錬(れん)金(きん)術(じゅつ) • (renkinjutsu) ^(←れんきんじゆつ (renkinzyutu)?)

錬金術 (canonical)
renkinjutsu (romanization)
renkinzyutu (romanization)
れんきんじゆつ (hiragana historical)

[ɾẽ̞ŋʲkʲĩɲ̟d͡ʑɨᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

錬 (ren, “smelting”) + 金 (kin, “gold”) + 術 (-jutsu, “technique”)

af

【錬金術】「近代より前全ヨーロッパを風靡した原始的な総合科学技術」
【renkinjutsu】 “kindai yori mae zen-Yōroppa o fūbishita genshiteki na sōgō kagaku gijutsu”

2004 January 10, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “第２話 ミッドナイト・ラン [Chapter 2: Midnight Run]”, in 武装錬金 (武装錬金) [Armed Alchemy], volume 1, Tokyo: Shueisha, pages 59–60

[alchemy] “a primitive science and technology that predominated across Europe before the modern era”


いとこ

⟨ito₁ko₁⟩ → */itʷokʷo/ → /itoko/
Cognate with and by extension of Old Japanese いとこ (ito₁ko₁, “close, familial, or beloved person”). Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *itoko.
First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.

der

いとこ, 伊杜子, 委登子, 伊斗子, 従姉弟, 意杜子, 伊東子, 伊登子, 以杜子, 委杜子, 委斗子, 依杜子, 衣杜子, 衣登子, 惟杜子, 伊十子, 似登子, 生都子, イト子, 惟登子, いと子, 維斗子, 以都子, 依都子, 衣都子, 維都子, 意都子, 惟都子, 伊都子, 委都子, 系子, 純子, 紀子, 順子, 文子, 最子, 絲子, 愛子, 綸子: a female given name


上手

下手

antonym(s) of “downstream, downwind, stage right”

[ɯ̟ᵝɰᵝa̠te̞]

Compound of 上 (uwa, “up, upper”) + 手 (te, “hand”).

(sumo) the upper hand in an overhand hold


ググる

ja-verb

ググる • (guguru) transitive godan (stem ググり (guguri), past ググった (gugutta))

guguru (romanization)
ググり (stem)
ググった (past)
ググら
gugura
ググり
guguri
ググる
guguru
ググれ
gugure
ググられる (passive)
gugurareru (passive)
ググらせる (causative)
ググらす (causative)
guguraseru (causative)
gugurasu (causative)
ググれる (potential)
gugureru (potential)
ググろう (volitional)
gugurō (volitional)
ググらない (negative)
guguranai (negative)
ググらず (continuative negative)
gugurazu (continuative negative)
ググります (formal)
gugurimasu (formal)
ググった (perfective)
gugutta (perfective)
ググって (conjunctive)
gugutte (conjunctive)
ググれば (conditional hypothetical)
gugureba (conditional hypothetical)

[ɡɯ̟ᵝɡɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Blend of グーグル (Gūguru, derived from English Google) + verb-forming suffix -る (-ru).

blend

derived from English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">Google</i>

(Internet slang) to google: to search the Internet using the Google search engine

(Internet slang) to search the Internet using a search engine (not necessarily Google)


蝙蝠

ja-noun

蝙蝠(かわほり) • (kawahori) ^(←かはほり (kafafori)?)

蝙蝠 (canonical)
kawahori (romanization)
kafafori (romanization)
かはほり (hiragana historical)
かわぼり (alternative hiragana)
kawabori (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)
かはぼり (alternative hiragana historical)

/kapapori/ → /kafafori/ → /kawahori/
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
Ultimate derivation unclear, appears to be derived from a compound.
Likely from 皮, 革 (kawa, “leather, skin”) + an unknown component hori.
Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 蝙蝠.

Short for 蝙蝠扇 (kawahori-ōgi): a paper folding fan


一月

一月往ぬる二月逃げる三月去る

ichigetsu inuru nigetsu nigeru sangetsu saru

Compound of Middle Chinese-derived elements 一 (ichi, “one”, 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu-sound”) reading) + 月 (getsu, “moon, month”, 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han-sound”) reading).

com

<i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">呉音</i> (goon, literally “Wu-sound”) reading

<i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">漢音</i> (kan'on, literally “Han-sound”) reading


Dr

(music) Abbreviation of ドラム (doramu, “drums (of a rock band)”).


卓球

ja-noun

卓(たっ)球(きゅう) • (takkyū) ^(←たくきう (takukiu)?)

卓球 (canonical)
takkyū (romanization)
takukiu (romanization)
たくきう (hiragana historical)

[ta̠k̚ʲkʲɨᵝː]


ポーク

ポーク • (pōku)


心臓

心(しん)臓(ぞう) • (shinzō) ^(←しんざう (sinzau)?)

心臓 (canonical)
shinzō (romanization)
sinzau (romanization)
しんざう (hiragana historical)

From 心(しん) (shin, “heart”) + 臓(ぞう) (zō, “internal organ”).

ja-com

大好物は砂糖漬けの手と甘い心臓。

2012 October 5, “謝肉祭の地獄馬 [Carnival Hellsteed]”, in ラヴニカへの回帰 [Return to Ravnica], Wizards of the Coast

Its favorite treats are candied hands and sweet hearts.

Daikōbutsu wa satōzuke no te to amai shinzō.

ハツ

a heart of an animal used as a foodstuff


パン屋

Compound of パン (pan, “bread”) + 屋 (-ya, “a shop; a shopkeeper”).


ローマ

ja-pos

ローマ • (Rōma)

From Italian Roma, possibly via Portuguese Roma.

ja:ローマ (曖昧さ回避)


ハーケンクロイツ

[ha̠ːkẽ̞ŋkɯ̟ᵝɾo̞it͡sɨᵝ]

Borrowed from German Hakenkreuz (“swastika”).


ローマ字

ローマ (“Rome, Roman”) + 字 (“character”).
Note: There is no ン ("n") in ローマ字(じ) • (rōmaji) . ローマ is borrowed from Portuguese. Compare however ローマン体 (“roman type”), which uses ローマン; borrowed from English.


忍者

Chinese:

→ Mandarin: 忍者 (rěnzhě)

→ Cantonese: 忍者 (jan² ze²)

→ Danish: ninja

→ English: ninja

→ French: ninja

→ German: Ninja

→ Korean: 닌자 (ninja)

→ Macedonian: нинџа (nindža)

→ Portuguese: ninja

→ Russian: ни́ндзя (níndzja)

→ Vietnamese: nhẫn giả

[ɲ̟ĩɲ̟d͡ʑa̠]

Uncertain.
The most consistent term in the historical record appears to be 忍び (shinobi, “sneaking, hiding”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 忍ぶ (shinobu, “to endure, to bear; to hide, to conceal oneself; to sneak into or out of a place”). This in turn was extended into 忍びの者 (shinobi no mono, “sneaking person, person of sneaking”), cited to a text from 1689.
This ninja reading became more common in Japanese in the modern era, possibly due to a number of popular manga series after World War Two. This reading may have arisen as a shift in reading of the kun'yomi phrase 忍びの者 (shinobi no mono), applying the on'yomi to the kanji alone to create a kanji-compound term.
The sha changes to ja as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

いやぁ このデリケートな時期によくやるな お前 あの雑食性一晩であれだけの数をさばくタフさ そして何よりその早さ……お前 忍者にならねーか？
Iyā kono derikēto na jiki ni yoku yaru na omae Ano zasshokusei hitoban de are dake no kazu o sabaku tafusa soshite nani yori sono hayasa…… Omae ninja ni naranē ka?
But you did really well in such a delicate situation. That toughness to omnivorously handle so many in one night, and that speed above all… You wanna be a ninja?
忍者にそんなす早さいらねーだろ‼

2011 April 9, Hideaki Sorachi, “第三百三十七訓 だいじょぶだ〰 (Dai-sanbyakusanjūnana-kun Daijobu Da~, “Lesson 337: It’s Gonna Be Okay~”)”, in [銀](ぎん)[魂](たま) ([銀](ぎん)[魂](たま)) [Silver Soul], volume 39 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha

a ninja (person trained in stealth, espionage, assassination and ninjutsu)

忍者烏鮫

ninja lanternshark (Etmopterus benchleyi)


用言

用言 (canonical)
yōgen (romanization)
yougen (romanization)
ようげん (hiragana historical)

用 (“use”) + 言 (“word”), literally “word that expresses function; functional word”. See also the dichotomy of 体用 (taiyō, “substance and function”).

compound

Coordinate term: 体言 (taigen)

(grammar) an inflected 自立語 (jiritsugo, “free word”) in Japanese or Korean grammar


馬簾

(printing) the continuous dotted lines when creating a table of contents


狒々

狒々 (canonical)
狒々 (canonical)
hihi (romanization)

(Japanese mythology, folklore) a hihi (Japanese monkey-like yokai)


琥珀色

琥珀色 (canonical)
kohakuiro (romanization)

From 琥(こ)珀(はく) (kohaku, “amber”) + 色(いろ) (-iro, “color”).


平板型

平板型 (canonical)
heiban-gata (romanization)

[he̞ːbã̠ŋɡa̠ta̠]

Compound of 平板 (heiban, “flat; monotone”) + 型 (gata, “type”)

compound

(phonetics) monotone type: the most common pitch accent pattern in “standard” Japanese or 標(ひょう)準(じゅん)語(ご) (hyōjungo), as used in the mass media, where no syllable is accented: the first syllable has a low pitch and all subsequent syllables have a higher, gradually lowering pitch


相撲

相撲 (canonical)
sumō (romanization)
sumafu (romanization)
すまふ (hiragana historical)

→ German: Sumo

→ English: sumo

→ Finnish: sumo

→ French: sumo

→ Irish: súmó

→ Italian: sumo

→ Polish: sumo

→ Portuguese: sumo, sumô (Brazil)

→ Spanish: sumo

Derived from Old Japanese verb 争ふ (sumapu), modern 争う (sumau, “to contend, resist, compete (in sumo, for example)”).
There are two leading theories regarding the derivation:
* May be a nominalization of the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) and 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) sumapu:
: /sumapu/ → /sumaɸu/ → */sumawu/ → /sumau/ → /sumɔː/ → /sumoː/
* May be an instance of ウ音便 (u onbin, ““u” sound shift”), found in terms with bilabial consonants (/m/, /b/, /w/) followed by i:
: ⟨sumapi₁⟩ → */sumapʲi/ → /sumaɸi/ → /sumawi/ → */sumawu/ → /sumau/ → /sumɔː/ → /sumoː/
That said, the nominalization of terminal/attributive verb forms is quite rare in Japanese, whereas the “u” sound shift pattern is not uncommon.
The kanji spelling is either from the native sumai or Sino-Japanese sōboku readings below.

相撲が尽くれば行司が出て転ぶ: “if the sumo [wrestlers] run out

the referee comes out and [you] fall” → if you beat all worthy opponents and then lose your edge

you can be beaten even by someone who would normally have been no challenge

to lose at sumo and slap one's wife's face

相撲に負けて妻の面張る: → the weak turn on the weaker

sumō no hate wa kenka ni nari bakuchi no hate wa nusumi ni naru

相撲の果ては喧嘩になり博奕の果ては盗みになる: “the extreme of sumo is a fight

and the extreme of gambling is a theft” → a warning not to lose oneself in one's activities

相撲も立つ方: → show involvement even for a while

Short for 相撲取り (sumōtori): a sumo wrestler

相撲の節会 相撲の節会#Japanese

(historical) Short for 相撲の節 (Sumō no Sechi) or 相撲の節会 (Sumō no Sechie): in the Heian period, a special ceremonial sumo match held in July to help ensure a good harvest


下駄

Korean: 게다 (geda)

Korean: 겨다 (gyeoda)

A surface analysis suggests a Japanese coinage of Middle Chinese-derived components, as a compound of 下 (ge, “lower; under”) + 駄 (ta, “loading; carrying; footwear”).
Historical usage suggests a shift from older term 足駄 (ashida, “clogs”, later, referring more specifically to “tall clogs” in contrast to the “short clogs” referenced by the term geta), itself deriving from 足 (ashi, “foot”) + 板 (ita, “board”) from the even older practice of wearing flat pieces of wood on one's feet when working in the paddies to keep from sinking into the mud, similar in principle to snowshoes. This latter footwear persisted in use into the 20th century as 田下駄 (ta-geta, literally “paddy geta”).
The historical derivation indicates that the 駄 character's “footwear” sense, which is specific to Japanese and is not found in Chinese sources, could have arisen from phonetic ateji (当て字) usage in the terms ashida and geta.

鼻緒

the thong that passes between the first and second toe of the wearer

足袋: traditional sock with a split between the first and second toe to allow for the 鼻緒

草履

traditional straw sandal without a heel strap, similar to flip-flops

草鞋

traditional straw sandal with a heel strap

geta: a kind of wooden clog with at least one, more commonly two, stilts or “teeth”

the geta symbol, 〓 (Unicode value 3013): a typographic mark indicating unavailability of a glyph, such as when a character cannot be displayed on a computer; so called for the similarity to a geta clog footprint

(go) a stone placed not adjacent to the opponent's stone, but in such a way as to block the opponent's formation from escaping


平板式

平板式 (canonical)
heiban-shiki (romanization)

[he̞ːbã̠ɰ̃ɕikʲi]

Compound of 平板 (heiban, “flat; monotone”) + 式 (shiki, “style”)

The pitch accent pattern in Japanese where no syllable is accented: the first syllable has low pitch and all subsequent syllables have higher, gradually lowering pitch.


麒麟

麒麟 (canonical)
麒麟 (canonical)
kirin (romanization)

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 麒麟 (MC gi lin). First cited in Japanese to the Nihon Shoki of 720.
The giraffe sense was probably based on a superficial resemblance between certain depictions of the mythical beast and the patterning and body shape of the real animal: a tailed, hoofed, and horned quadruped with a vaguely leopard-like spot pattern. First cited in Japanese to a text from 1798.

それは動物のキリン！問題の麒麟は…全身が黄色い鱗で覆われていて、姿は鹿、牛の尾と馬の蹄を持ち、龍に似た頭から１本角が生えてる…中国の伝説上の神獣だよ！

2010 May 23, Gosho Aoyama, “ＦＩＬＥ.５ [青](せい)[龍](りゅう) ([青](せい)[龍](りゅう)) [FILE 5: Azure Dragon]”, in 名探偵コナン (名探偵コナン) [Legendary Detective Conan], volume 68 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan

That’s giraffe the animal! The qilin we’re talking about… has a deer-like body covered in golden scales, with a cow’s tail and a horse’s hooves, and with a single horn growing from its dragonish head… It’s a mythical beast from Chinese legends!

Sore wa dōbutsu no kirin! Mondai no kirin wa… Zenshin ga kiiroi uroko de ōwarete ite, sugata wa shika, ushi no o to uma no hizume o mochi, ryū ni nita atama kara ippon tsuno ga haete ru… Chūgoku no densetsu jō no shinjū da yo!

麒麟, 騏驎: (mythology, Chinese mythology) a qilin

麒麟, 騏驎: (shogi) the kirin, a piece in chūshōgi and larger shogi variants


メス

(medicine) scalpel, lancet, medical knife

to take a decisive action to resolve the root cause of an issue


社会主義

ja-noun

社(しゃ)会(かい)主(しゅ)義(ぎ) • (shakai shugi) ^(←しやくわいしゆぎ (syakwai syugi)?)

社会主義 (canonical)
shakai shugi (romanization)
syakwai syugi (romanization)
しやくわいしゆぎ (hiragana historical)

[ɕa̠ka̠i ɕɨᵝɡʲi]

From 社(しゃ)会(かい) (shakai, “society”) + 主(しゅ)義(ぎ) (-shugi, “-ism”).


サウンドエフェクト

[sa̠ɯ̟̃ᵝndo̞ e̞ɸe̞kɯ̟̊ᵝto̞]


くノ一

From the three strokes of the kanji 女 (“woman”).


破擦音

破擦音 (canonical)
hasatsuon (romanization)

[ha̠sa̠t͡sɨᵝõ̞ɴ]

Blend of 破裂音 (“plosive”) + 摩擦音 (“fricative”)


唇音

From 唇(しん) (shin, “lips”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).


軟口蓋音

軟口蓋音 (canonical)
nankōgaion (romanization)

[nã̠ŋko̞ːɡa̠iõ̞ɴ]

Compound of 軟(なん)口(こう)蓋(がい) (nankōgai, “soft palate”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).


舌音

From 舌 (した (ゼツ), tongue) + 音 (おと (オン), sound)

舌端歯茎音

舌端歯茎音 ぜったんしけいおん

舌先歯茎音

舌先歯茎音 ぜっせんしけいおん

舌端裏後部歯茎音

舌端裏後部歯茎音 ぜったんりこうぶしけいおん


摩擦音

摩擦音 (canonical)
masatsuon (romanization)

[ma̠sa̠t͡sɨᵝõ̞ɴ]

摩擦音は、唇と唇、齒及び口蓋と舌との如く、副管の局部を甚しく狹窄して、息と聲とが、其の狹窄部に摩擦されるに由て生ずる音で、息と聲とが、持ち來られる間はつゞけられる續音である。無聲音では、フの父音サ行ハ行等の父音、有聲音では、ワ行ヤ行ザ行等が之に屬する。
Masatuon fa, kutibiru to kutibiru, fa oyobi kougai to sita to no gotoku, fukukan no kyokubu wo itasiku kefusaku site, iki to kowe to ga, sono kefusakubu ni masatu sareru ni yotte syauzuru on de, iki to kowe to ga, motikorareru ma fa tudukerareru zokuon de aru. Museion de fa, fu no fuon sagyau fagyau tou no fuon, iuseion de fa, wagyau yagyau zagyau tou ga kore ni zokusuru.

1902, Hirano, Hidekichi, “第一節 父音の分類 [Section 1: Types of Consonants]”, in 國語聲音學 [The Phonetics of the National Language], 國光社, page 78

Fricatives are sounds generated by air and phonation friction caused by a tight constriction at places of articulation in the vocal tract, such as bilabial, dental and palatal. Such airflow and phonation is continuously sustained. There are voiceless fricatives, such as the consonant /ɸ/, and the consonants of the sa-row, fa-row, etc.; there are also voiced fricatives, such as those of the wa-row, ya-row, za-row, etc.


人力車

人力車 (canonical)
jinrikisha (romanization)

desc

→ English: jinriksha, jinricksha, jinrickshaw, jinrikisha, jinnyrickshaw

[d͡ʑĩnɾʲikʲi̥ɕa̠]


モンキーレンチ

[mõ̞ŋʲkʲiː ɾẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕi]


スパナ

Synonym of レンチ (renchi, “wrench”); a spanner (hand tool for adjusting nuts and bolts)


鼻音

(phonology) a mora that contains a nasal sound, such as に (ni), み (mi), ん (n) or the historically nasalized vowel う (u)


芝刈り機

芝刈り機 (canonical)
shibakariki (romanization)

芝刈り (shibakari, “lawn mowing”) + 機 (ki, “machine”)


破裂音

破裂音 (canonical)
haretsuon (romanization)

[ha̠ɾe̞t͡sɨᵝõ̞ɴ]


ホラー

ja-noun

ホラー • (horā)

ホラー映画

映画ですってぇ⁉アトラクションエリアじゃなくてムービーエリアに行っちゃったの⁉大変‼もしかして 今 大人気の「片手」とかゆうホラームービー⁉

2002 January 17, Yukiru Sugisaki, “STAGE３ Vol.５”, in [D](ディー)・[N](エヌ)・[ANGEL](エンジェル)・ [D.N.Angel], volume 6 (fiction), Tokyo: Kadokawa Shoten, page 10

A movie!? They went to the Movie Area instead of the Attraction Area!? Oh no!! Is there a screening of that popular horror movie called One Hand now!?

Eiga desuttē⁉ Atorakushon Eria ja nakute Mūbī Eria ni itchatta no⁉ Taihen‼ Moshikashite ima daininki no “Wan Hando” toka yū horā mūbī⁉

horror (as a genre or element of fiction)

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:ホラー


ゼロ

Daijirin
Japanese numerals#Formal numbers

From English zero, or French zéro. The kanji spelling is ateji.

ライフがゼロ

コミュ力ゼロ

utterly incompetent at talking to people

(informal) Used to refer to something measurable being absent or missing.


海王星

ja-pos

海(かい)王(おう)星(せい) • (Kaiōsei) ^(←かいわうせい (kaiwausei)?)

海王星 (canonical)
Kaiōsei (romanization)
kaiwausei (romanization)
かいわうせい (hiragana historical)

Appears to be borrowed from Chinese 海王星 (Hǎiwángxīng), applying the expected Japanese 音読み (“on'yomi”) for the characters.
The planet itself was discovered in 1846 by astronomers in Europe, so prior to that point, the planet had no name in any language. Following the convention at the time, it was ultimately named for the Roman god, Neptune. After this, the term was probably first borrowed into Chinese as a calque and then borrowed into Japanese from there. 海王 (literally “sea + king”) and 星 (“star or planet”).

——海の星海王星を守護にもつ深海の戦士——セーラーネプチューン
——Umi no Hoshi Kaiōsei o shugo ni motsu shinkai no senshi ——Sērā Nepuchūn

2009 March 30 [2004 January 23], Naoko Takeuchi, “Act 29 無限３ ２人 NEW SOLDIERS [Act 29: Infinity 3: 2 New Soldiers]”, in [美少女戦士](Pretty Guardian)[セーラームーン](SAILORMOON) [Pretty Guardian SAILOR MOON], 6th edition, volume 6 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, pages 181–182

—Warrior of the depths, keeper of Neptune the Sea Planet —Sailor Neptune

Neptune (eighth planet of the solar system)

Neptune Neptune#Discovery Neptune#Naming ja:海王星

The template Template:list:planets of the Solar System

ja does not use the parameter(s): Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.(planets of the Solar System) 太陽系の惑星


魑魅

a demon formed from the spirit of mountains and forests

魑魅魍魎

魑魅魍魎 ちみもうりょう


アイスランド語

アイスランド語 (canonical)
aisurandogo (romanization)

アイスランド (“あいすらんど, Aisurando, Iceland”) + 語 (“language”)


辞書

From Middle Chinese compound 辤書／辤书 (zi syo, literally “quit + writing”).

a formal document of abdication when one emperor steps down and a new emperor ascends the throne


髑髏

[do̞kɯ̟ᵝɾo̞]

From Middle Chinese 髑髏 (MC duwk luw, “skull”).


ビール

ja-noun

ビール • (bīru)

→ Hakka: 啤露 (pi-lú)

desc

→ Hokkien: 米魯／米鲁 (bì-lù / bì-luh / bih-luh)

→ Korean: 비르 (bireu)

→ Jeju: 비르 (bireu)

Borrowing from Dutch bier.
First cited to a text from 1724 with the kanji spelling 麦酒 (literally “barley liquor”).

日本麦酒

Beer
Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:ビール
ja:松村明


人道

From nin (人, people, mankind) + dō (道, plane of existence).

(Buddhism) Life as a human: one of the six planes or domains of existence in the cycle of samsara.


韓国語

韓国語 (canonical)
kankokugo (romanization)

[kã̠ŋko̞kɯ̟ᵝɡo̞]

韓国 (Kankoku, “South Korea or just Korea”) + 語 (-go, “language”), from South Korean 한국어 (han'gugeo)

suf

オレの日本語どう？悪くないだろ 韓国語と英語も話すんだぜ 趣味だな語学は

How’s my Japanese? Not bad, right? I also speak Korean and English. I like learning languages.


柔道

柔道 (canonical)
jūdō (romanization)
ziudau (romanization)
じうだう (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 柔道 (róudào)

→ Danish: judo

→ English: judo

→ Korean: 유도 (yudo)

→ Portuguese: judô, judo

→ Russian: дзюдо́ (dzjudó)

→ Ukrainian: дзюдо́ (dzjudó)

→ Vietnamese: nhu đạo

[d͡ʑɨᵝːdo̞ː]

柔道場

柔道場 じゅうどうじょう


脚気

脚気 (canonical)
kakke (romanization)
kakuke (romanization)
かくけ (hiragana historical)

(pathology) beriberi (condition of thiamine deficiency)


スペイン語

スペイン語 (canonical)
supeingo (romanization)

[sɨ̥ᵝpe̞ĩŋɡo̞]


喉頭

ja-noun

喉(こう)頭(とう) • (kōtō)


変態

desctree

→ English: hentai (“pornographic anime or manga”)
→ Cebuano: hentai
→ Finnish: hentai
→ French: hentai
→ German: Hentai
→ Indonesian: hentai
→ Italian: hentai
→ Japanese: ヘンタイ (hentai)
→ Korean: 헨타이 (hentai)
→ Polish: hentai
→ Portuguese: hentai
→ Russian: хентай (xentaj)
→ Spanish: hentai
→ Swedish: hentai
→ Tagalog: hentai
→ Ukrainian: хента́й (xentáj)

(sexuality) Short for 変態性欲 (hentai seiyoku, “sexual perversion”).

この変態！

「そんな事よりルーミア、勝ったんだからちょっとスカートの中見せろ。」
「いきなり何言ってんだこいつ？ 変態か？」
「安心しろ、私は変態じゃない。ちょっと妖怪のスカートの中がどうなっているか知りたいだけだ。」
「そ～なのか～ って、やっぱり変態じゃねぇか！」
“Sonna koto yori Rūmia, katta n da kara chotto sukāto no naka misero.”
“Ikinari nani itten da koitsu? Hentai ka?”
“Anshin shiro, watashi wa hentai ja nai. Chotto yōkai no sukāto no naka ga dō natte iru ka shiritai dake da.”
“So~ na no ka~ tte, yappari hentai ja nē ka!”
“That aside, Rumia, since I won, let me see what's under your skirt.”
“What are you saying all of a sudden? Are you a pervert?”

2016, Aluda, 【毎月七日はルーミアの日】ルーミアちょっとスカートの中見せろ

“Is that so... Hey, so you really are a pervert!”

“Rest assured, I'm not a pervert. I just want to know what's under the skirt of a yōkai.”

hentai seiyoku-sha
hentai seiyoku-sha#Japanese


花粉

花粉 (canonical)
kafun (romanization)
kwafun (romanization)
くわふん (hiragana historical)

いわゆるてっぽうユリ。花粉の弾を飛ばし相手を攻撃する。

1999 July 22, “マグナム・リリィ [Magnum Lily]”, in Vol.4, Konami

These lilies are also guns, and they attack opponents by shooting out pollen bullets.

Iwayuru teppō yuri. Kafun no tama o tobashi aite o kōgeki suru.


排泄

ja-noun

排(はい)泄(せつ) • (haisetsu) ^(←はいせつ (faisetu)?)

排泄 (canonical)
haisetsu (romanization)
faisetu (romanization)
はいせつ (hiragana historical)

excretion (The process of removing or ejecting material that has no further utility)


世界

From Middle Chinese 世界 (MC syejH keajH), originally a translation of Sanskrit लोकधातु (lokadhātu, “region or part of the world”). Compare Hokkien 世界 (sè-kài).

世界遺産条約

Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage

世界一

best in the world, most (adjective) in the world

世界気象機関: the World Meteorological Organization

世界語

universal language, international language

世界自然保護基金: the World Wide Fund for Nature

世界中

throughout the world, all the world, worldwide

世界知的所有権機関: the World Intellectual Property Organization

世界連

in line with the rest of the world, normal

世界労働組合連盟: the World Federation of Trade Unions

there are no leftover women in the world; said particularly to women

世界に余った女は無い: → there is someone for everyone

世界に鬼は無い: → the world is not full of heartless people

and there are many kind souls who will lend a hand

世界は大戯場の如し

the world is just like a big theatre → all the world's a stage

世界は張り物

the world is starched clothes → it's all about appearances, clothes make the man

世界は回り持ち

the world comes in turns → all things come to those who wait, to everything there is a season

世界半分自惚れしっかり

of the world, only halfway, but full of conceit → being full of oneself without bothering to learn much about the world

世界我が物

the world is one's possession → acting as if one owns the world

万象

all things, all of the universe, every manifestation of nature

(Buddhism) the four inner realms of 須弥山 (Shumisen)


(computing) The symbol used as a separator between a username and a domain name in an e-mail address.


@ 5 個

@ 1時間で寝る

(slang, gaming) Alternative form of あと (ato, “remaining”)


女帝

ja-noun

女(じょ)帝(てい) or 女(にょ)帝(たい) • (jotei or nyotai) ^(←ぢよてい (dyotei)?)

女帝 (canonical)
女帝 (canonical)
jotei (romanization)
nyotai (romanization)
dyotei (romanization)
ぢよてい (hiragana historical)

Jinnō Shōtōki
Kitabatake Chikafusa
ja:女帝


翻訳

[hõ̞ɰ̃ja̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

機械翻訳

機械翻訳 きかいほんやく

自動翻訳機

自動翻訳機 じどうほんやくき


人魚

人魚姫

伝説では、彼女は人魚だったと言われる。

Densetsu de wa, kanojo wa ningyo datta to iwareru.

海を航海する者を誘惑しておぼれさせる、美しい人魚。

1999 March 27, “恍惚の人魚 [Enchanting Mermaid]”, in Vol.2, Konami

A beautiful mermaid who lures seafarers before drowning them.

Umi o kōkai suru mono o yūwaku shite oboresaseru, utsukushii ningyo.

人魚構文

人魚構文 にんぎょこうぶん


PTA

PTA(ピーティーエー) • (pī-tī-ē)

マ…マズイぞ こんなのＰＴＡにしれたら ア…アニメ復活どころか れ…連載自体おわる‼

2011 April 9, Hideaki Sorachi, “第三百三十六訓 忘年会でも忘れちゃいけないものがある [Lesson 336: There Are Things You Can’t Forget Even at a Forgetting-Last-Year Party]”, in [銀](ぎん)[魂](たま) ([銀](ぎん)[魂](たま)) [Silver Soul], volume 39 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha

Crap. If the PTA knows this, the anime won’t be coming back, and the manga’s serialization will be doomed too!!

Ma…mazui zo Konna no pī-tī-ē ni shiretara A…anime fukkatsu dokoro ka Re…rensai jitai owaru‼


新年おめでとうございます

ja-pos

しんねん おめでとう ございます

新(しん)年(ねん)おめでとうございます • (shinnen omedetō gozaimasu)

新年おめでとうございます (canonical)
shinnen omedetō gozaimasu (romanization)


良いお年をお迎え下さい

ja-phrase

よい おとし を おむかえ ください

良(よ)いお年(とし)をお迎(むか)え下(くだ)さい • (yoi otoshi o omukae kudasai)

良いお年をお迎え下さい (canonical)
yoi otoshi o omukae kudasai (romanization)

(formal) [I, we] wish you a happy new year (literally meet a good year)


新年明けましておめでとうございます

ja-pos

しんねん あけまして おめでとう ございます

新(しん)年(ねん)明(あ)けましておめでとうございます • (shinnen akemashite omedetō gozaimasu)

新年明けましておめでとうございます (canonical)
shinnen akemashite omedetō gozaimasu (romanization)

Can be analyzed as 新年 + 明けまして + おめでとう + ございます

com

新年 + 明けまして + おめでとう + ございます


SF

[e̞sɨᵝe̞ɸɯ̟ᵝ]

サイエンス・フィクション サイエンス・フィクション#Japanese

(fiction) SF: Abbreviation of サイエンス・フィクション (“science fiction”).


SF

[e̞sɨᵝe̞ɸɯ̟ᵝ]

スーパーフォーミュラ スーパーフォーミュラ#Japanese

(motor racing) SF: Abbreviation of スーパーフォーミュラ (“Super Formula”).


明けましておめでとうございます

ja-pos

あけまして おめでとう ございます

明(あ)けましておめでとうございます • (akemashite omedetō gozaimasu)

明けましておめでとうございます (canonical)
akemashite omedetō gozaimasu (romanization)

明けましておめでとうございます。今年もどうぞよろしく。

Happy New Year. We’ll be counting on you this year as well.

Akemashite omedetō gozaimasu. Kotoshi mo dōzo yoroshiku.


謹賀新年

謹賀新年 (canonical)
kinga shinnen (romanization)

[kʲĩŋɡa̠ ɕĩnːẽ̞ɴ]


フランス人

フランス人 (canonical)
Furansu-jin (romanization)


普通話

[ɸɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝːɰᵝa̠]

From Chinese 普通話／普通话 (pǔtōnghuà, literally “common speech”).

zh-m

(uncommon, scholarly) Putonghua; Standard Mandarin


歌舞伎

English: kabuki

Daijisen
Tenshō (Momoyama period)
ja:松村明

Term first attested around the Tenshō era (1573-1592).
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 傾く (kabuku, “to tilt, to lean”).
The kanji spelling is an example of phonetic ateji (当て字), literally "song, dance, and skill".

(culture, art) kabuki: traditional Japanese dance-drama featuring bizarrely-dressed performers


クリスマス

[kɯ̟ᵝɾʲisɨᵝma̠sɨᵝ]


ウィクショナリー

[ɰᵝikɯ̟ᵝɕo̞na̠ɾʲiː]


キリスト

イエス彼らに言ひたまふ、如何なれば人々、キリストをダビデの子と言ふか。

And he said unto them, How say they that the Christ is David's son?

Iesu karera ni iitamau, ika nareba hitobito, Kirisuto o Dabide no ko to iu ka.


大和

→ Chinese: 大和 (Dàhé)

⟨yamato₂⟩: *[jamatə] → /jamato/
From older 邪馬台 (yamatai). From Old Japanese 大和 (yamato₂), from Proto-Japonic *yamatə. Originally a geographical region in Nara, came to refer to all of Nara, and eventually to the country as a whole: Japan.
Chinese texts often used the word 倭 (“dwarf, midget”) to refer to the people of the Japanese archipelago, possibly because they were actually smaller, or more likely as an insult. This character came to be used in early Japanese texts, such as the Man'yōshū poetry compilation, with a kun'yomi or native-Japanese reading of Yamato to refer to Japan in general.
This 倭 character also has an on'yomi or borrowed Chinese reading of wa. During the reign of Empress Genmei (707–715), the 倭 character with an original Chinese meaning of “midget, dwarf” was replaced with the 和 character that is also read wa, but instead has the more favorable meaning of “harmony”, in spellings of the native Japanese term Yamato. The 大 character meaning “great” was then prefixed to this. The resulting kanji compound 大和 can also be read with a kun'yomi of Ōyamato (see below).


新約聖書

ja-pos

新(しん)約(やく)聖(せい)書(しょ) • (Shin'yaku Seisho)

新約聖書 (canonical)
Shin'yaku Seisho (romanization)

[ɕĩɰ̃ja̠kɯ̟̊ᵝse̞ːɕo̞]

新 (shin-, “neo-; new”) + 約 (yaku, “contract”) + 聖書 (Seisho, “Bible”)


Chinese: ♂ (online slang)

For sense 2, associated with the Yaranaika and Gachimuchi memes at Nico Nico Douga, as it was originally added after sexual moaning.

発展

810; development, cruising, looking for sexual partners; often written as ;


聖書

→ Yami: seysio


乗法

ja-noun

乗(じょう)法(ほう) • (jōhō) ^(←じょうはふ (zyoufafu)?)

乗法 (canonical)
jōhō (romanization)
zyoufafu (romanization)
じょうはふ (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑo̞ːho̞ː]

最小自乗法

最小自乗法 さいしょうじじょうほう

最小二乗法

最小二乗法 さいしょうじじょうほう


重力

重(じゅう)力(りょく) • (jūryoku) ^(←ぢゆうりよく (dyuuryoku)?)

重力 (canonical)
jūryoku (romanization)
dyuuryoku (romanization)
ぢゆうりよく (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 重力 (zhònglì)

→ Korean: 중력 (jungnyeok)

→ Vietnamese: trọng lực

[d͡ʑɨᵝːɾʲo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Initially from Middle Chinese 重力 (MC drjowngX lik, literally “considerable; heavy + force, power”).
The gravity sense was a repurposing of the older term (the considerable strength sense) as a calque of Dutch zwaartekracht to translate Dutch works as part of Rangaku studies.

ltc-l

そう 確月の重力は地球の⅙だったわよね 火星の重力は本当は地球の約⅓の
Sō tashika Tsuki no jūryoku wa Manhōmu no roku-bun no ichi datta wa yo ne Akua no jūryoku wa hontō wa Manhōmu no yaku san-bun no ichi
So, if my memory serves, the Moon’s gravity is about ⅙ of Manhome’s. Aqua’s gravity, on the other hand, is roughly ⅓ of Manhome’s.

2003 April 10, Kozue Amano, “Navigation08 星の謳声 [Navigation08 Chorus of the Planet]”, in ARIA (ARIA) [ARIA], volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Mag Garden

こちらからも出迎えに行かねばだが 今の状態ではその槍でこの星の重力を突き破るのも不可能 そこでこれを使う 大戦斧の武装錬金フェイタルアトラクション！特性は〝重力操作〟‼これでこの星の重力の一部を反転させてお前を宇宙へ打ち上げる
Kochira kara mo demukae ni ikaneba da ga ima no jōtai de wa sono yari de kono hoshi no jūryoku o tsukiyaburu no mo fukanō Soko de kore o tsukau Gurēto Akkusu no Busō Renkin Feitaru Atorakushon! Tokusei wa〝Jūryoku Sōsa〟‼ Kore de kono hoshi no jūryoku no ichibu o hanten sasete o-mae o uchū e uchiageru

2006 April 9, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “武装錬金ピリオド [Armed Alchemy: The End]”, in 武装錬金 (武装錬金) [Armed Alchemy], volume 10, Tokyo: Shueisha

You’ll have to get to them yourself. You won’t be able to escape the Moon’s gravity with this lance in your current condition, though. So we’ll use this. Great-Axe Armed Alchemy: Fatal Attraction! Special Ability: Gravity Control‼ With this, I can counteract part of the Moon’s gravity, enough to launch you into space.

大戦斧 グレートアックス


腹切り

→ English: hara-kiri

→ Danish: harakiri

→ German: Harakiri

→ Russian: хараки́ри (xarakíri) (see there for further descendants)

From 腹(はら) (hara, “belly, bowels”) + 切(き)る (kiru, “to cut”).


手指

手指衛生


手指

Of 手(て) (te, “hand; arm”) + 指(ゆび) (yubi, “digit”)


ASEAN

東南アジア諸国連合 東南アジア諸国連合#Japanese

Synonym of 東南アジア諸国連合 (Tōnan Ajia Shokoku Rengō, “Association of Southeast Asian Nations”); the ASEAN


映画館

ja-noun

映(えい)画(が)館(かん) • (eigakan) ^(←えいぐわくわん (eigwakwan)?)

映画館 (canonical)
eigakan (romanization)
eigwakwan (romanization)
えいぐわくわん (hiragana historical)

[e̞ːɡa̠kã̠ɴ]

From 映画 (eiga, “movie”) + 館 (kan, “building”).


映像

ライブ映像

image; video (visual media, either still or moving)


フランシスコ会

フランシスコ会 (canonical)
Furanshisuko-kai (romanization)

From フランシスコ (Furanshisuko, “Francisco”) + 会 (kai, “party”).

The Franciscan order (an order of the Catholic Church following the beliefs of St. Francis of Assisi).


グレゴリオ暦

グレゴリオ暦 (canonical)
Guregorio-reki (romanization)

[ɡɯ̟ᵝɾe̞ɡo̞ɾʲio̞ɾe̞kʲi]

グレゴリオ (Guregorio, “Gregory”) + 暦 (-reki, “calendar”)

suf

グレゴリオ暦は現在、世界各国で使われている暦法です。

The Gregorian calendar is the calendar system used by every country in the modern world.

Guregorio-reki wa genzai, sekai kakkoku de tsukawarete iru rekihō desu.


言葉

Heian period
Iroha
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

From Old Japanese 言葉 (ko₂to₂ba), attestable since at least the Man'yōshū of 759 CE. In turn, reconstructed as deriving from Proto-Japonic *kətənpa.
Compound of 言 (koto, “word”) + 端 (ha, “edge; beginning, end”). The ha changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The term 言 (koto) was formerly the main term for word in Japanese. This term is also cognate with 事 (koto, “thing, fact, event”). The ha may have been added to differentiate from 事 (koto).
The 葉 spelling is an example of ateji (当て字).

com

asobase, the stem of the causative form asobaseru of verb 遊ぶ asobu

that consists of suffixing verbs with the term 遊ばせ

天地の詞: an instructional pangram used in the early Heian period


きょう

Kyō (romanization)
kefu (romanization)
けふ (hiragana historical)

⟨ke₁ pu⟩ → */kʲepu/ → /keɸu/ → */kewu/ → /keu/ → /kjoː/
From Old Japanese けふ (ke₁pu), from Proto-Japonic *kepu.
Originally a compound of 此 (ke, apophonic form of ko, "this") + 日 (fu, apophonic form of hi, “day”). The final /eu/ → /joː/ sound shift is a separate but regular phonological change.


緑茶

[ɾʲo̞kɯ̟ᵝt͡ɕa̠]

抹茶は緑茶の一種。


大蒜

ja-noun

大(おお)蒜(びる) • (ōbiru) ^(←おほびる (ofobiru)?)

大蒜 (canonical)
ōbiru (romanization)
ofobiru (romanization)
おほびる (hiragana historical)

[o̞ːbʲiɾɯ̟ᵝ]


牛肉

今日、牛肉だけ食べてる。


海苔

English: nori

From Old Japanese. Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *nǝri. The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓).


アルツハイマー病

^アルツハイマー-びょう

アルツハイマー病 (canonical)
Arutsuhaimā-byō (romanization)

[a̠ɾɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝha̠ima̠ː bʲo̞ː]

アルツハイマー (Arutsuhaimā, from German Alzheimer) + 病 (byō, “illness”)

compound

from German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Alzheimer</i>

(pathology, neurology) Alzheimer's disease


周期表

ja-noun

周(しゅう)期(き)表(ひょう) • (shūkihyō) ^(←しうきへう (siukifeu)?)

周期表 (canonical)
shūkihyō (romanization)
siukifeu (romanization)
しうきへう (hiragana historical)

[ɕɨᵝːkʲi̥ço̞ː]

liquid

Color of the number (state of matter at STP)


俗字

a kanji variant that is widespread but not orthodox


経済

From Middle Chinese 經濟 (keng tsejH), short for 經世濟民, through its use as a translation of English economics by Japanese scholars during the Meiji period.

「こちらは経済専攻の鈴木さんです。」

"This is Mr. Suzuki, who majors in economics."

“Kochira wa keizai-senkō no Suzuki-san desu.”


小篆

小(しょう)篆(てん) • (shōten) ^(←せうてん (seuten)?)

小篆 (canonical)
shōten (romanization)
seuten (romanization)
せうてん (hiragana historical)


クーデター

クーデター • (kūdetā)

[kɯ̟ᵝːde̞ta̠ː]


交通

交通 (canonical)
kōtsū (romanization)
kautuu (romanization)
かうつう (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ːt͡sɨᵝː]

/kautuː/ → /kɔːt͡suː/ → /koːt͡suː/
From Middle Chinese compound 交通 (kaew thuwng, literally “cross through”).


大学院

大学院 (canonical)
daigakuin (romanization)

[da̠iɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝĩɴ]


体育

体(たい)育(いく) or 体育(たいく) • (taiiku or taiku)

体育 (canonical)
体育 (canonical)
taiiku (romanization)
taiku (romanization)


薬学

[ja̠kɯ̟ᵝɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]


言語学

言語学 (canonical)
gengogaku (romanization)

[ɡẽ̞ŋɡo̞ɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Compound of 言語 (gengo, “language”) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy; -graphy”).

suf

お主 大学では言語学を専攻していたと？
O-nushi Daigaku de wa gengogaku o senkō shite ita to?
Say, you majored in linguistics, didn’t you?
は…… 古代文学の解読が夢でありましてマヤの絵文字やクレタの……

1987 March 20 [1987 February 20], Fujiko Fujio, “超兵器ガ壱號 [Super-Weapon GA Mk I]”, in カンビュセスの籤 [Cambyses’s Drawing] (藤子不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 1), 2nd edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, 第一章, page 76

Yes, sir… I dreamed of being able to decipher ancient texts, such as Mayan logograms or Cretan…

Ha…… kodai bungaku no kaidoku ga yume de arimashite Maya no emoji ya Kureta no……


名刺

名刺を出す

名刺の渡し方と受け取り方

the way of handing over and receiving business cards

名刺交換


黄色い

ja-adj

黄(き)色(いろ)い • (kiiroi) -i (adverbial 黄(き)色(いろ)く (kiiroku))

黄色い (canonical)
kiiroi (romanization)
黄色く (adverbial)
黄色かろ (imperfective stem)
きいろかろ (imperfective stem)
kiirokaro (imperfective)
黄色く (continuative stem)
きいろく (continuative stem)
kiiroku (continuative)
黄色い (stem terminative)
きいろい (stem terminative)
kiiroi (terminative)
黄色い (attributive stem)
きいろい (attributive stem)
kiiroi (attributive)
黄色けれ (hypothetical stem)
きいろけれ (hypothetical stem)
kiirokere (hypothetical)
黄色かれ (imperative stem)
きいろかれ (imperative stem)
kiirokare (imperative)
黄色くない (informal negative)
きいろくない (informal negative)
kiiroku nai (informal negative)
黄色かった (informal past)
きいろかった (informal past)
kiirokatta (informal past)
黄色くなかった (informal negative past)
きいろくなかった (informal negative past)
kiiroku nakatta (informal negative past)
黄色いです (formal)
きいろいです (formal)
kiiroi desu (formal)
黄色くないです (formal negative)
きいろくないです (formal negative)
kiiroku nai desu (formal negative)
黄色かったです (formal past)
きいろかったです (formal past)
kiirokatta desu (formal past)
黄色くなかったです (formal negative past)
きいろくなかったです (formal negative past)
kiiroku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
黄色くて (conjunctive)
きいろくて (conjunctive)
kiirokute (conjunctive)
黄色ければ (conditional)
きいろければ (conditional)
kiirokereba (conditional)
黄色かったら (conditional past)
きいろかったら (conditional past)
kiirokattara (conditional past)
黄色かろう (volitional)
きいろかろう (volitional)
kiirokarō (volitional)
黄色く (adverbial)
きいろく (adverbial)
kiiroku (adverbial)
黄色さ (noun-from-adj)
きいろさ (noun-from-adj)
kiirosa (noun-from-adj)

金は黄色いです。


白い

白(しろ)い • (shiroi) -i (adverbial 白(しろ)く (shiroku))

白い (canonical)
shiroi (romanization)
白く (adverbial)
白かろ (imperfective stem)
しろかろ (imperfective stem)
shirokaro (imperfective)
白く (continuative stem)
しろく (continuative stem)
shiroku (continuative)
白い (stem terminative)
しろい (stem terminative)
shiroi (terminative)
白い (attributive stem)
しろい (attributive stem)
shiroi (attributive)
白けれ (hypothetical stem)
しろけれ (hypothetical stem)
shirokere (hypothetical)
白かれ (imperative stem)
しろかれ (imperative stem)
shirokare (imperative)
白くない (informal negative)
しろくない (informal negative)
shiroku nai (informal negative)
白かった (informal past)
しろかった (informal past)
shirokatta (informal past)
白くなかった (informal negative past)
しろくなかった (informal negative past)
shiroku nakatta (informal negative past)
白いです (formal)
しろいです (formal)
shiroi desu (formal)
白くないです (formal negative)
しろくないです (formal negative)
shiroku nai desu (formal negative)
白かったです (formal past)
しろかったです (formal past)
shirokatta desu (formal past)
白くなかったです (formal negative past)
しろくなかったです (formal negative past)
shiroku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
白くて (conjunctive)
しろくて (conjunctive)
shirokute (conjunctive)
白ければ (conditional)
しろければ (conditional)
shirokereba (conditional)
白かったら (conditional past)
しろかったら (conditional past)
shirokattara (conditional past)
白かろう (volitional)
しろかろう (volitional)
shirokarō (volitional)
白く (adverbial)
しろく (adverbial)
shiroku (adverbial)
白さ (noun-from-adj)
しろさ (noun-from-adj)
shirosa (noun-from-adj)

Modern form of Old Japanese adjective しろし (shiroshi).
⟨siro₁si⟩ (classical 終止形 (shūshikei) or terminal form) → ⟨siro₁ki₁⟩ (classical 連体形 (rentaikei) or attributive form) → /siroi/ (modern shūshikei and rentaikei)
An intervocalic sound-change caused the medial plosive /-k-/ to undergo voicing, then spirantization, then gliding, then being dropped, before /-i, -u, -e, -o/ (Hamano, 2000).
⟨siro₁ki₁⟩ → */sirʷokʲi/ → */sirʷogʲi/ → */sirʷoɣi/ → */sirʷoji/ → /siroi/ → [ɕiɾo̞i].


竹刀

竹刀 (canonical)
takegatana (romanization)

Compound of 竹(たけ) (take, “bamboo”) + 刀(かたな) (katana, “katana”). The katana changes to gatana as an instance of rendaku (連濁)..


津波

→ Danish: tsunami c

→ English: tsunami

→ Portuguese: tsunami m

→ Russian: цуна́ми n (cunámi)

→ Turkish: tsunami

Compound of 津 (tsu, “cove, inlet, outlet”) + 波 (nami, “wave”).
Attested since at least the 甲陽軍鑑 (Kōyō Gunkan) of the early 1600s.

津波警報

津波警報 つなみけいほう

海の主と呼ばれる海のドラゴン。津波をおこして全てを飲み込む。

1999 December 1, “海竜神 [Leviathan]”, in BOOSTER 6, Konami

A sea dragon known as the Lord of the Sea. He swallows everything and causes tsunami.

Umi no Nushi to yobareru umi no doragon. Tsunami o okoshite subete o nomikomu.


芸術

[ɡe̞ːʑɨᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

From Literary Chinese 藝術, collectively the 六藝 (Liùyì, “Six Arts”) and 術數 (shùshù, “numerology”)


電気工学

電気工学 (canonical)
denki kōgaku (romanization)

[dẽ̞ŋʲkʲi ko̞ːɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Compound of 電気 (denki, “electricity”) + 工学 (kōgaku, “engineering”).

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

電子工学: electronics

電子工学 でんしこうがく


灰皿

ja-noun

灰(はい)皿(ざら) • (haizara) ^(←はひざら (fafizara)?)

灰皿 (canonical)
haizara (romanization)
fafizara (romanization)
はひざら (hiragana historical)

灰 (hai, “ash”) + 皿 (sara, “plate”). The sara changes to zara as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


相合傘

相(あい)合(あい)傘(がさ) • (aiaigasa) ^(←あひあひがさ (afiafigasa)?)

相合傘 (canonical)
aiaigasa (romanization)
afiafigasa (romanization)
あひあひがさ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 相合 (aiai, “doing things together”) + 傘 (kasa, “umbrella”). The kasa changes to gasa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
相合傘 has a strong romantic implication, stemming in part from a play on words. The first two characters are pronounced あい (ai), the same as the word 愛(あい) (ai, “love”), and thus the connotation is that both people under the umbrella are in love.

compound

(slang, figurative) a love affair, a romantic relationship


黄色

ja-adj

黄(き)色(いろ) • (kiiro) -na (adnominal 黄(き)色(いろ)な (kiiro na), adverbial 黄(き)色(いろ)に (kiiro ni))

黄色 (canonical)
kiiro (romanization)
黄色な (adnominal)
黄色に (adverbial)
黄色だろ (imperfective stem)
きいろだろ (imperfective stem)
kiiro daro (imperfective)
黄色で (continuative stem)
きいろで (continuative stem)
kiiro de (continuative)
黄色だ (stem terminative)
きいろだ (stem terminative)
kiiro da (terminative)
黄色な (attributive stem)
きいろな (attributive stem)
kiiro na (attributive)
黄色なら (hypothetical stem)
きいろなら (hypothetical stem)
kiiro nara (hypothetical)
黄色であれ (imperative stem)
きいろであれ (imperative stem)
kiiro de are (imperative)
黄色ではない (informal negative)
黄色じゃない (informal negative)
きいろではない (informal negative)
きいろじゃない (informal negative)
kiiro de wa nai (informal negative)
kiiro ja nai (informal negative)
黄色だった (informal past)
きいろだった (informal past)
kiiro datta (informal past)
黄色ではなかった (informal negative past)
黄色じゃなかった (informal negative past)
きいろではなかった (informal negative past)
きいろじゃなかった (informal negative past)
kiiro de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
kiiro ja nakatta (informal negative past)
黄色です (formal)
きいろです (formal)
kiiro desu (formal)
黄色ではありません (formal negative)
黄色じゃありません (formal negative)
きいろではありません (formal negative)
きいろじゃありません (formal negative)
kiiro de wa arimasen (formal negative)
kiiro ja arimasen (formal negative)
黄色でした (formal past)
きいろでした (formal past)
kiiro deshita (formal past)
黄色ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
黄色じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
きいろではありませんでした (formal negative past)
きいろじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
kiiro de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
kiiro ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
黄色で (conjunctive)
きいろで (conjunctive)
kiiro de (conjunctive)
黄色なら（ば） (conditional)
きいろなら（ば） (conditional)
kiiro nara (ba) (conditional)
黄色だったら (conditional past)
きいろだったら (conditional past)
kiiro dattara (conditional past)
黄色だろう (volitional)
きいろだろう (volitional)
kiiro darō (volitional)
黄色に (adverbial)
きいろに (adverbial)
kiiro ni (adverbial)
黄色さ (noun-from-adj)
きいろさ (noun-from-adj)
kiirosa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

黄色

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした

Compound of 黄 (ki, “yellow”) + 色 (iro, “colour”).


黄色

ja-noun

黄(おう)色(しょく) • (ōshoku) ^(←わうしよく (wausyoku)?)

黄色 (canonical)
ōshoku (romanization)
wausyoku (romanization)
わうしよく (hiragana historical)

[o̞ːɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]


黄色

黄(こう)色(しょく) • (kōshoku) ^(←くわうしよく (kwausyoku)?)

黄色 (canonical)
kōshoku (romanization)
kwausyoku (romanization)
くわうしよく (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ːɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]


会意

(Chinese character classification) compound indicatives

指事: ideogram

六書 (rikusho): The six types of Han characters


象形

(Chinese character classification) pictogram, particularly in the sense of 六書 pictograms.


六書

The six principles for composing Chinese script.


経つ

ja-verb

経(た)つ • (tatsu) intransitive godan (stem 経(た)ち (tachi), past 経(た)った (tatta))

経つ (canonical)
tatsu (romanization)
経ち (stem)
経った (past)
経た
たた
tata
経ち
たち
tachi
経つ
たつ
tatsu
経て
たて
tate
経たれる (passive)
たたれる (passive)
tatareru (passive)
経たせる (causative)
経たす (causative)
たたせる (causative)
たたす (causative)
tataseru (causative)
tatasu (causative)
経てる (potential)
たてる (potential)
tateru (potential)
経とう (volitional)
たとう (volitional)
tatō (volitional)
経たない (negative)
たたない (negative)
tatanai (negative)
経たず (continuative negative)
たたず (continuative negative)
tatazu (continuative negative)
経ちます (formal)
たちます (formal)
tachimasu (formal)
経った (perfective)
たった (perfective)
tatta (perfective)
経って (conjunctive)
たって (conjunctive)
tatte (conjunctive)
経てば (conditional hypothetical)
たてば (conditional hypothetical)
tateba (conditional hypothetical)

知らないうちに１５年が経ちました。

Shiranai uchi ni jūgo nen ga tachimashita.


幕府

[ba̠kɯ̟̊ᵝɸɯ̟ᵝ]

From Middle Chinese 幕府 (MC mak pjuX). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.
Originally referred to the tents or encampment of the commanders of a military force in the field. This then extended to refer to the command structure, and then to the form of government under a shōgun.

(historical) the tents or encampment of the commanders of a military force in the field


将軍

ja-noun

将(しょう)軍(ぐん) • (shōgun) ^(←しやうぐん (syaugun)?)

将軍 (canonical)
shōgun (romanization)
syaugun (romanization)
しやうぐん (hiragana historical)

→ Danish: shogun c

→ English: shogun

→ French: shogun m

→ Indonesian: syogun

→ Italian: shogun m

→ Polish: siogun m, szogun, shogun

→ Portuguese: xogum

[ɕo̞ːɡɯ̟̃ᵝɴ]

/sʲaːᵑ kun/ → /ɕauɡun/ → /ɕɔːɡun/ → /ɕoːɡun/
From Middle Chinese compound 將軍 (MC tsjang kjun). Compare modern Min Nan 將軍／将军 (chiong-kun), Eastern Min 將軍／将军 (ciŏng-gŭng).
The “shogun” sense is originally short for 征夷大将軍 (seii taishōgun, literally “commander in chief of the expeditionary force to expel barbarians”).

*The abbreviations are only used as a typographical convention. They are pronounced the same as their full names.

(military) a commander of troops, especially of an expeditionary or frontline force

(Kawanakajima shogi) A piece in Kawanakajima shōgi

(military) Synonym of 将官 (shōkan): a general officer

(military, historical) a shogun, supreme generalissimo of feudal Japan


無声

Compound of 無 (mu, “not, non-, without”) + 声 (sei, “voice”).

com

無声音

voiceless sound, voiceless pronunciation


お茶

Compound of 御 (o-, honorific prefix) + 茶 (cha, “tea”).

prefix

お茶はいかがですか。

How about some tea? (Would you like some tea?)


授業

instruction; teaching; school; lesson, class


授業

授業する (canonical)
jugyō suru (romanization)
授業し (stem)
授業した (past)
授業し
じゅぎょうし
jugyō shi
授業する
じゅぎょうする
jugyō suru
授業すれ
じゅぎょうすれ
jugyō sure
授業せよ (imperative literary)
授業しろ (colloquial imperative)
じゅぎょうせよ (imperative literary)
じゅぎょうしろ (colloquial imperative)
jugyō seyo (imperative literary)
jugyō shiro (colloquial imperative)
授業される (passive)
じゅぎょうされる (passive)
jugyō sareru (passive)
授業させる (causative)
授業さす (causative)
じゅぎょうさせる (causative)
じゅぎょうさす (causative)
jugyō saseru (causative)
jugyō sasu (causative)
授業できる (potential)
じゅぎょうできる (potential)
jugyō dekiru (potential)
授業しよう (volitional)
じゅぎょうしよう (volitional)
jugyō shiyō (volitional)
授業しない (negative)
じゅぎょうしない (negative)
jugyō shinai (negative)
授業せず (continuative negative)
じゅぎょうせず (continuative negative)
jugyō sezu (continuative negative)
授業します (formal)
じゅぎょうします (formal)
jugyō shimasu (formal)
授業した (perfective)
じゅぎょうした (perfective)
jugyō shita (perfective)
授業して (conjunctive)
じゅぎょうして (conjunctive)
jugyō shite (conjunctive)
授業すれば (conditional hypothetical)
じゅぎょうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
jugyō sureba (conditional hypothetical)


法律

[ho̞ːɾʲit͡sɨᵝ]

民事訴訟法

民事訴訟法 みんじそしょうほう

刑事訴訟法

刑事訴訟法 けいじそしょうほう

政治より法律を学びたい。

法律事務所

The field, profession, and study of law. The rule of law.


切腹

→ Chinese: 切腹 (qiēfù)

→ Danish: seppuku

→ English: seppuku

→ Polish: seppuku

→ Portuguese: seppuku

→ Russian: сэппуку (sɛppuku)

[se̞p̚pɯ̟̊ᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]

いけェェ 局長ォ‼
Ikēe Kyokuchōo‼
Gooo, Captain!
死ねェ 副長‼
Shinē Fukuchō‼
Dieee, Vice-Captain!
誰だ今死ねっつったの‼切腹だコラァ‼

2004 September 8, Hideaki Sorachi, “第十七訓 酔ってなくても酔ったふりして上司のヅラ取れ [Lesson 17: Even If You’re Not Drunk, Pretend to Be, and Snatch Your Boss’s Toupée]”, in 銀魂 (銀魂) [Silver Soul], volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha

Dare da ima shinettsutta no‼ Seppuku da korā‼

seppuku (ritual suicide by disembowelment)


定食

→ English: teishoku

[te̞ːɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

A set meal, usually a tray with one or more main courses, along with a number of side dishes (salad, rice, pickles, soup, etc.).


酔っ払う

ja-verb

酔(よ)っ払(ぱら)う • (yopparau) intransitive godan (stem 酔(よ)っ払(ぱら)い (yopparai), past 酔(よ)っ払(ぱら)った (yopparatta))

酔っ払う (canonical)
yopparau (romanization)
酔っ払い (stem)
酔っ払った (past)
酔っ払わ
よっぱらわ
yopparawa
酔っ払い
よっぱらい
yopparai
酔っ払う
よっぱらう
yopparau
酔っ払え
よっぱらえ
yopparae
酔っ払われる (passive)
よっぱらわれる (passive)
yopparawareru (passive)
酔っ払わせる (causative)
酔っ払わす (causative)
よっぱらわせる (causative)
よっぱらわす (causative)
yopparawaseru (causative)
yopparawasu (causative)
酔っ払える (potential)
よっぱらえる (potential)
yopparaeru (potential)
酔っ払おう (volitional)
よっぱらおう (volitional)
yopparaō (volitional)
酔っ払わない (negative)
よっぱらわない (negative)
yopparawanai (negative)
酔っ払わず (continuative negative)
よっぱらわず (continuative negative)
yopparawazu (continuative negative)
酔っ払います (formal)
よっぱらいます (formal)
yopparaimasu (formal)
酔っ払った (perfective)
よっぱらった (perfective)
yopparatta (perfective)
酔っ払って (conjunctive)
よっぱらって (conjunctive)
yopparatte (conjunctive)
酔っ払えば (conditional hypothetical)
よっぱらえば (conditional hypothetical)
yopparaeba (conditional hypothetical)

[jo̞p̚pa̠ɾa̠ɯ̟ᵝ]

酔(よ)う (you, “to become intoxicated”) + 払(はら)う (harau, “to empty”)

ja-compound

(colloquial) to become tipsy, intoxicated, or drunk


郵便局

ja-noun

郵(ゆう)便(びん)局(きょく) • (yūbinkyoku) ^(←いうびんきよく (iubinkyoku)?)

郵便局 (canonical)
yūbinkyoku (romanization)
iubinkyoku (romanization)
いうびんきよく (hiragana historical)

[jɯ̟ᵝːbʲĩŋʲkʲo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

特定郵便局

特定郵便局 とくていゆうびんきょく

郵便局長

郵便局長 ゆうびんきょくちょう

郵便局員

郵便局員 ゆうびんきょくいん

航空郵便

航空郵便 こうくうゆうびん


長崎

desc

→ English: Nagasaki, Nangasaki, Nangasac

→ Dutch: Nagasaki, Nangasacq

→ English: Nangasacq

→ Portuguese: Nangasaque


成田国際空港

ja-pos

なりた こくさい くうこう

成(なり)田(た)国(こく)際(さい)空(くう)港(こう) • (Narita Kokusai Kūkō)

成田国際空港 (canonical)
Narita Kokusai Kūkō (romanization)

成田 (なりた, narita) (Narita city) + 国際空港 (こくさいくうこう, kokusaikūkō)

新東京国際空港

新東京国際空港 しんとうきょうこくさいくうこう

成田空港

成田空港 なりたくうこう


酔う

ja-verb

酔(よ)う • (you) ^(←よふ (yofu)?)intransitive godan (stem 酔(よ)い (yoi), past 酔(よ)った (yotta))

酔う (canonical)
you (romanization)
yofu (romanization)
酔い (stem)
酔った (past)
酔わ
よわ
yowa
酔い
よい
yoi
酔う
よう
you
酔え
よえ
yoe
酔われる (passive)
よわれる (passive)
yowareru (passive)
酔わせる (causative)
酔わす (causative)
よわせる (causative)
よわす (causative)
yowaseru (causative)
yowasu (causative)
酔える (potential)
よえる (potential)
yoeru (potential)
酔おう (volitional)
よおう (volitional)
yoō (volitional)
酔わない (negative)
よわない (negative)
yowanai (negative)
酔わず (continuative negative)
よわず (continuative negative)
yowazu (continuative negative)
酔います (formal)
よいます (formal)
yoimasu (formal)
酔った (perfective)
よった (perfective)
yotta (perfective)
酔って (conjunctive)
よって (conjunctive)
yotte (conjunctive)
酔えば (conditional hypothetical)
よえば (conditional hypothetical)
yoeba (conditional hypothetical)

/wepu/ → /wefu/ → /jefu/ → */jewu/ → */jowu/ → /jou/
Shift from classical verb 酔ふ (efu → eu), possibly parsed as jefu, itself from Old Japanese 酔ふ (wepu → wefu → eu).
Compare the development of 葉 (efu → yō, “leaf”, on-yomi or Chinese-derived reading).

酒に酔って暴れる

to get drunk, become intoxicated or inebriated, fall under the influence of alcohol


わらう

わらう • (warau) godan (stem わらい (warai), past わらった (waratta))

warau (romanization)
わらい (stem)
わらった (past)

笑う, 咲う, 嗤う: to laugh; to smile; to bloom; to ripen and open; to come undone; to ridicule or make fun of; (slang) to go wobbly (as in the knees)


留守番電話

ja-noun

留(る)守(す)番(ばん)電(でん)話(わ) • (rusuban denwa)

留守番電話 (canonical)
rusuban denwa (romanization)

[ɾɯ̟ᵝsɨᵝbã̠n dẽ̞ɰ̃ɰᵝa̠]

From 留守番 (rusuban, “house-sitting”) + 電話 (denwa, “telephone”).


発音

[ha̠t͡sɨᵝõ̞ɴ]

最大同時発音数


発音

発音する (canonical)
hatsuon suru (romanization)
発音し (stem)
発音した (past)
発音し
はつおんし
hatsuon shi
発音する
はつおんする
hatsuon suru
発音すれ
はつおんすれ
hatsuon sure
発音せよ (imperative literary)
発音しろ (colloquial imperative)
はつおんせよ (imperative literary)
はつおんしろ (colloquial imperative)
hatsuon seyo (imperative literary)
hatsuon shiro (colloquial imperative)
発音される (passive)
はつおんされる (passive)
hatsuon sareru (passive)
発音させる (causative)
発音さす (causative)
はつおんさせる (causative)
はつおんさす (causative)
hatsuon saseru (causative)
hatsuon sasu (causative)
発音できる (potential)
はつおんできる (potential)
hatsuon dekiru (potential)
発音しよう (volitional)
はつおんしよう (volitional)
hatsuon shiyō (volitional)
発音しない (negative)
はつおんしない (negative)
hatsuon shinai (negative)
発音せず (continuative negative)
はつおんせず (continuative negative)
hatsuon sezu (continuative negative)
発音します (formal)
はつおんします (formal)
hatsuon shimasu (formal)
発音した (perfective)
はつおんした (perfective)
hatsuon shita (perfective)
発音して (conjunctive)
はつおんして (conjunctive)
hatsuon shite (conjunctive)
発音すれば (conditional hypothetical)
はつおんすれば (conditional hypothetical)
hatsuon sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[ha̠t͡sɨᵝõ̞ɴ]


伝言

伝言を頼まれる

to be charged with a message for someone


CVS

CVS (canonical)
shī-bui-esu (romanization)

Subversion は Concurrent Versions System（ＣＶＳ）の後継を目指して開発されている。https://books.google.com/books?id=Aiu5I7wMec0C
SUbversion wa Concurrent Versions System(shī-bui-esu) no kōkei o mezashite kaihatsu sarete iru.
Subversion is being developed with the target goal of replacing the Concurrent Versions System (CVS).

software engineering
software engineering

Concurrent Versions System
Concurrent Versions System#Japanese

(software engineering) Initialism of Concurrent Versions System (Concurrent Versions System).


まこと

From Old Japanese. Originally from 真 (ma-, “truth”) + こと (koto, “thing”).
First appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE in sense 2.


病院

ja-noun

病(びょう)院(いん) • (byōin) ^(←びやうゐん (byawin)?)

病院 (canonical)
byōin (romanization)
byawin (romanization)
びやうゐん (hiragana historical)

→ Chuukese: pioing

→ Jeju: 벵완 (beng'wan)

→ Korean: 병원 (byeong'won)

→ Pohnpeian: pioing

→ Hokkien: 病院

病 (byō, “illness”) + 院 (-in, “institution”)


受身形

Compound of 受け身 (ukemi, “passivity; passive voice”) + 形 (kei, “shape, form; grammatical form”).

compound

the passive form or conjugation of a verb