弔電

ja-noun

弔(ちょう)電(でん) • (chōden) ^(←てうでん (teuden)?)

弔電 (canonical)
chōden (romanization)
teuden (romanization)
てうでん (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕo̞ːdẽ̞ɴ]


相続

相(そう)続(ぞく) • (sōzoku) ^(←さうぞく (sauzoku)?)

相続 (canonical)
sōzoku (romanization)
sauzoku (romanization)
さうぞく (hiragana historical)

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 相續 (literally “successively, one after another + to succeed, to continue”). First attested in Japanese in 820.

相続権

right of inheritance, right of succession, heirship

(law) succession or inheritance of the assets and liabilities of a deceased person (the act of inheriting, rather than the thing inherited)


相続

相続する (canonical)
sōzoku suru (romanization)
sauzoku (romanization)
相続し (stem)
相続した (past)
相続し
そうぞくし
sōzoku shi
相続する
そうぞくする
sōzoku suru
相続すれ
そうぞくすれ
sōzoku sure
相続せよ (imperative literary)
相続しろ (colloquial imperative)
そうぞくせよ (imperative literary)
そうぞくしろ (colloquial imperative)
sōzoku seyo (imperative literary)
sōzoku shiro (colloquial imperative)
相続される (passive)
そうぞくされる (passive)
sōzoku sareru (passive)
相続させる (causative)
相続さす (causative)
そうぞくさせる (causative)
そうぞくさす (causative)
sōzoku saseru (causative)
sōzoku sasu (causative)
相続できる (potential)
そうぞくできる (potential)
sōzoku dekiru (potential)
相続しよう (volitional)
そうぞくしよう (volitional)
sōzoku shiyō (volitional)
相続しない (negative)
そうぞくしない (negative)
sōzoku shinai (negative)
相続せず (continuative negative)
そうぞくせず (continuative negative)
sōzoku sezu (continuative negative)
相続します (formal)
そうぞくします (formal)
sōzoku shimasu (formal)
相続した (perfective)
そうぞくした (perfective)
sōzoku shita (perfective)
相続して (conjunctive)
そうぞくして (conjunctive)
sōzoku shite (conjunctive)
相続すれば (conditional hypothetical)
そうぞくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
sōzoku sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(law) to inherit the assets and liabilities of a deceased person


神人

From Middle Chinese compound 神人 (MC zyin nyin). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.


神人

Compound of 神 (kami, “god, spirit”) + 人 (hito, “person”). The hito changes to bito as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

compound

神人の手に取りもたる榊葉に / 木綿かけ添ふる深き夜の霜

c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Wakana, part 2) (text here)

the deep night's frost accompanies the ceremonial ties / on the sakaki leaves held in the hands of the priests

kamibito no te ni torimotaru sakakiba ni / yufu kake sofuru fukaki yo no shimo


神人

[ka̠mʲĩɲ̟t͡ɕɨᵝ]

From Okinawan 神人, in turn from 神 (kami, “god, spirit”) + ん (n, possessive particle, reduced form of ぬ (nu)) + 人 (tchu, “person”).

af

possessive particle, reduced form of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ryu">ぬ</i> (nu)

(Okinawa, Shinto) Synonym of 巫女 (miko, “shrine maiden”)


ロビー

ja-noun

ロビー • (robī)


流動性

(chemistry, sociology) mobility, fluidity


金剛石

金剛石 (canonical)
kongōseki (romanization)

[kõ̞ŋɡo̞ːse̞kʲi]

Compound of 金剛 (kongō, “adamant, extremely strong”) + 石 (seki, “stone”).


声明

ja-noun

声(しょう)明(みょう) • (shōmyō)


潜る

ja-verb

潜(もぐ)る • (moguru) intransitive godan (stem 潜(もぐ)り (moguri), past 潜(もぐ)った (mogutta))

潜る (canonical)
moguru (romanization)
潜り (stem)
潜った (past)
潜ら
もぐら
mogura
潜り
もぐり
moguri
潜る
もぐる
moguru
潜れ
もぐれ
mogure
潜られる (passive)
もぐられる (passive)
mogurareru (passive)
潜らせる (causative)
潜らす (causative)
もぐらせる (causative)
もぐらす (causative)
moguraseru (causative)
mogurasu (causative)
潜れる (potential)
もぐれる (potential)
mogureru (potential)
潜ろう (volitional)
もぐろう (volitional)
mogurō (volitional)
潜らない (negative)
もぐらない (negative)
moguranai (negative)
潜らず (continuative negative)
もぐらず (continuative negative)
mogurazu (continuative negative)
潜ります (formal)
もぐります (formal)
mogurimasu (formal)
潜った (perfective)
もぐった (perfective)
mogutta (perfective)
潜って (conjunctive)
もぐって (conjunctive)
mogutte (conjunctive)
潜れば (conditional hypothetical)
もぐれば (conditional hypothetical)
mogureba (conditional hypothetical)

[mo̞ɡɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]

布団に潜る
futon ni moguru
to snuggle under a futon


一見

unannounced first patronage of a shop or restaurant


カルデラ

Internationalism, ultimately from Spanish caldera; see English caldera.


聖杖

(weaponry) A sacred staff, crook, crosier, sceptre; any such symbol(s) of office, holy power and authority, such as flail and crook.


スリップ

[sɨᵝɾʲip̚pɯ̟ᵝ]


里山

Compound of 里 (sato, “village”) + 山 (yama, “mountain”)


フィギュアスケート

[ɸʲiɡʲɨᵝa̠ sɨ̥ᵝke̞ːto̞]

ja:フィギュアスケート


強風

ja-noun

強(きょう)風(ふう) • (kyōfū)

(meteorology) wind that is number 7 on the Beaufort scale


積雪

積(せき)雪(せつ) • (sekisetsu) ^(←せきせつ (sekisetu)?)

積雪 (canonical)
sekisetsu (romanization)
sekisetu (romanization)
せきせつ (hiragana historical)


受け皿

[ɯ̟ᵝke̞za̠ɾa̠]

Compound of 受け (uke, “receiving”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 受ける (ukeru, “to receive”)) + 皿 (sara, “plate, dish”). The sara changes to zara as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


致死

非致死性兵器

非致死性兵器 ひちしせいへいき


障害

ja-noun

障(しょう)害(がい) • (shōgai) ^(←しやうがい (syaugai)?)

障害 (canonical)
shōgai (romanization)
syaugai (romanization)
しやうがい (hiragana historical)

嚥下障害

嚥下障害 えんげしょうがい

性同一性障害

性同一性障害 せいどういつせいしょうがい


ひつぎ

hitsugi (romanization)
fitugi (romanization)
ひつぎ (hiragana historical)

[çit͡sɨᵝɡʲi]


鎮魂歌

鎮魂歌 (canonical)
chinkonka (romanization)

[t͡ɕĩŋkõ̞ŋka̠]

鎮魂 (chinkon, “consolation and pacification of the souls of the dead”) + 歌 (-ka, “song”)

suf

requiem (music composed to honor a dead person)


囀り

ja-noun

囀(さえず)り • (saezuri) ^(←さへづり (safeduri)?)

囀り (canonical)
saezuri (romanization)
safeduri (romanization)
さへづり (hiragana historical)

sapeduri > saɸeduri > saweduri > saezuri. The nominal form of verb 囀る (saezuru, “to chirp”).


絵馬

絵馬 (canonical)
ema (romanization)
wema (romanization)
ゑま (hiragana historical)

(Shinto) an ema, a small wooden plaque on which Shinto worshippers write their prayers or wishes, usually with the picture of a horse on it


ホバークラフト

[ho̞ba̠ːkɯ̟ᵝɾa̠ɸɯ̟̊ᵝto̞]

私のホバークラフトは鰻でいっぱいです。

Watashi no hobākurafuto wa unagi de ippai desu.


年越し

年越し (canonical)
toshikoshi (romanization)


日雇い

日(ひ)雇(やと)い • (hiyatoi) ^(←ひやとひ (fyatofi)?)

日雇い (canonical)
hiyatoi (romanization)
fyatofi (romanization)
ひやとひ (hiragana historical)


雨女

A woman whose presence always seems to bring rain.

雨男

a man whose presence always seems to bring rain

spirit of woman who perish out in the snow during the winter month


ネメシス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Νέμεσις (Némesis)


自由の女神

自由の女神 (canonical)
Jiyū no Megami (romanization)

From 自由 (jiyū, “freedom; liberty”) + の (no, attributive marker) + 女神 (megami, “goddess”).


正義の女神

正義の女神 (canonical)
Seigi no Megami (romanization)

From 正義 (seigi, “justice”) + の (no, attributive marker) + 女神 (megami, “goddess”).


煩悩

/bonːau/ → /bonːɔː/ → /bonːoː/
From Middle Chinese 煩惱 (MC bjon nawX), itself a translation of Sanskrit क्लेश (kleśa, literally “anguish, pain”).


エルフ

[e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝɸɯ̟ᵝ]

剣術を学んだエルフ。素早い攻撃で敵を翻弄する。

1999 March 18, “エルフの剣士 [Elvish Swordsman]”, in Starter Box, Konami

An elf who learned swordsmanship. He trifles with his enemies with his swift attacks.

Kenjutsu o mananda erufu. Subayai kōgeki de teki o honrō suru.

かよわいエルフだが、聖なる力で身を守りとても守備が高い。

1999 March 27, “ホーリー・エルフ [Holy Elf]”, in Vol.2, Konami

As delicate as she may be, this elf has formidable defense strength and holy power to protect herself with.

Kayowai erufu da ga, sei naru chikara de mi o mamori totemo shubi ga takai.

何千年も生きているエルフ。精霊をあやつり攻撃をする。

1999 July 22, “エンシェント・エルフ [Ancient Elf]”, in Vol.4, Konami

An elf who has lived for thousands of years. She attacks with her army of spirits.

Nansennen mo ikiteiru erufu. Seirei o ayatsuri kōgeki o suru.

交互に攻撃を仕掛けてくる、エルフの双子姉妹。

1999 August 26, “ヂェミナイ・エルフ [Jemini Elves]”, in BOOSTER 4, Konami

Elvish twin sisters who attack simultaneously.

Kōgo ni kōgeki o shikaketekuru, erufu no futago shimai.

エルフの戦士は小川を飛び越える鹿のように優雅であり、それを反対側で待ち受ける狼のように危険だ。彼らは森の眼であり、むき出しの爪なのだ。

2008 February 1, “エルフの戦士 [Elvish Warrior]”, in Morningtide, Wizards of the Coast

Elvish warriors are as graceful as a deer leaping a stream and as deadly as the wolf waiting in ambush on the other side. They are the eyes of the forest as well as its unsheathed claws.

Erufu no senshi wa ogawa o tobikoeru shika no yō ni yūga de ari, sore o hantaigawa de machiukeru ōkami no yō ni kiken da. Karera wa mori no me de ari, mukidashi no tsume na no da.


見舞う

ja-verb

見(み)舞(ま)う • (mimau) ^(←みまふ (mimafu)?)transitive godan (stem 見(み)舞(ま)い (mimai), past 見(み)舞(ま)った (mimatta))

見舞う (canonical)
mimau (romanization)
mimafu (romanization)
見舞い (stem)
見舞った (past)
見舞わ
みまわ
mimawa
見舞い
みまい
mimai
見舞う
みまう
mimau
見舞え
みまえ
mimae
見舞われる (passive)
みまわれる (passive)
mimawareru (passive)
見舞わせる (causative)
見舞わす (causative)
みまわせる (causative)
みまわす (causative)
mimawaseru (causative)
mimawasu (causative)
見舞える (potential)
みまえる (potential)
mimaeru (potential)
見舞おう (volitional)
みまおう (volitional)
mimaō (volitional)
見舞わない (negative)
みまわない (negative)
mimawanai (negative)
見舞わず (continuative negative)
みまわず (continuative negative)
mimawazu (continuative negative)
見舞います (formal)
みまいます (formal)
mimaimasu (formal)
見舞った (perfective)
みまった (perfective)
mimatta (perfective)
見舞って (conjunctive)
みまって (conjunctive)
mimatte (conjunctive)
見舞えば (conditional hypothetical)
みまえば (conditional hypothetical)
mimaeba (conditional hypothetical)


トンネル

[tõ̞nːe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]


キャプテン

[kʲa̠pɯ̟̊ᵝtẽ̞ɴ]


蛭子

蛭子 (canonical)
Hiruko (romanization)
蛭子 (canonical)
Ebisu (romanization)

Hiruko: Given the spelling in 古事記 (Kojiki) (水蛭子) and the 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki) (蛭兒), and the fact that Hiruko was considered a deformed failure owing to the improper courtship ritual between 伊弉諾 (Izanagi) and 伊弉冉 (Izanami), this name is usually interpreted as 蛭 (“leech”) + 子 (“child”). Alternatively, this could be the male equivalent of 日孁 (Hirume, “Amaterasu”, literally “Sun Female”), hence 日 (hi, “sun”) + る (ru, possible variant of archaic genitive particle ろ) + 子 (ko, “child”), although his association with the sun was never clearly stated.

af

possible variant of archaic genitive particle <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">ろ</i>

(Japanese mythology) son of 伊弉諾 (Izanagi) and 伊弉冉 (Izanami), born either before or after 淡路島 (Awajishima, “Awaji Island”) during his parents' nation birthing process (his "siblings" included islands), considered a deformed failure, disowned by his parents, and sent adrift on reed boat


船長

ja-noun

船(せん)長(ちょう) • (senchō) ^(←せんちやう (sentyau)?)

船長 (canonical)
senchō (romanization)
sentyau (romanization)
せんちやう (hiragana historical)

[sẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ː]

船長ブランディスが船を艦隊に加えるときには、その船の船員に簡単な選択肢を示す。従うか、海に落ちるか。

2017 September 29, “板歩きの刑 [Walk the Plank]”, in イクサラン [Ixalan], Wizards of the Coast

When Captain Brandis adds a new ship to his fleet, he gives the crew a simple choice. Follow him, or fall in the sea.

Senchō Burandisu ga fune o kantai ni kuwaeru toki ni wa, sono fune no sen'in ni kantan na sentakushi o shimesu. Shitagau ka, umi ni ochiru ka.


嬉しい

ja-adj

嬉(うれ)しい • (ureshii) -i (adverbial 嬉(うれ)しく (ureshiku))

嬉しい (canonical)
ureshii (romanization)
嬉しく (adverbial)
嬉しかろ (imperfective stem)
うれしかろ (imperfective stem)
ureshikaro (imperfective)
嬉しく (continuative stem)
うれしく (continuative stem)
ureshiku (continuative)
嬉しい (stem terminative)
うれしい (stem terminative)
ureshii (terminative)
嬉しい (attributive stem)
うれしい (attributive stem)
ureshii (attributive)
嬉しけれ (hypothetical stem)
うれしけれ (hypothetical stem)
ureshikere (hypothetical)
嬉しかれ (imperative stem)
うれしかれ (imperative stem)
ureshikare (imperative)
嬉しくない (informal negative)
うれしくない (informal negative)
ureshiku nai (informal negative)
嬉しかった (informal past)
うれしかった (informal past)
ureshikatta (informal past)
嬉しくなかった (informal negative past)
うれしくなかった (informal negative past)
ureshiku nakatta (informal negative past)
嬉しいです (formal)
うれしいです (formal)
ureshii desu (formal)
嬉しくないです (formal negative)
うれしくないです (formal negative)
ureshiku nai desu (formal negative)
嬉しかったです (formal past)
うれしかったです (formal past)
ureshikatta desu (formal past)
嬉しくなかったです (formal negative past)
うれしくなかったです (formal negative past)
ureshiku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
嬉しくて (conjunctive)
うれしくて (conjunctive)
ureshikute (conjunctive)
嬉しければ (conditional)
うれしければ (conditional)
ureshikereba (conditional)
嬉しかったら (conditional past)
うれしかったら (conditional past)
ureshikattara (conditional past)
嬉しかろう (volitional)
うれしかろう (volitional)
ureshikarō (volitional)
嬉しく (adverbial)
うれしく (adverbial)
ureshiku (adverbial)
嬉しさ (noun-from-adj)
うれしさ (noun-from-adj)
ureshisa (noun-from-adj)
嬉しく (irrealis stem)
嬉しから (irrealis stem)
うれしく (irrealis stem)
うれしから (irrealis stem)
uresiku (irrealis)
uresikara (irrealis)
嬉しく (continuative stem)
嬉しかり (continuative stem)
うれしく (continuative stem)
うれしかり (continuative stem)
uresiku (continuative)
uresikari (continuative)
嬉し (stem terminative)
うれし (stem terminative)
uresi (terminative)
嬉しき (attributive stem)
嬉しかる (attributive stem)
うれしき (attributive stem)
うれしかる (attributive stem)
uresiki (attributive)
uresikaru (attributive)
嬉しけれ (realis stem)
うれしけれ (realis stem)
uresikere (realis)
嬉しかれ (imperative stem)
うれしかれ (imperative stem)
uresikare (imperative)
嬉しからず (negative)
うれしからず (negative)
uresikarazu (negative)
嬉しけれど (contrastive)
うれしけれど (contrastive)
uresikeredo (contrastive)
嬉しければ (causative)
うれしければ (causative)
uresikereba (causative)
嬉しくば (conditional)
うれしくば (conditional)
uresikuba (conditional)
嬉しかりき (past)
うれしかりき (past)
uresikariki (past)
嬉しかりけり (past)
うれしかりけり (past)
uresikarikeri (past)
嬉しく (adverbial)
うれしく (adverbial)
uresiku (adverbial)

From Old Japanese. First cited to the Man'yōshu of circa 759 CE.
A surface analysis suggests that this might be derived from 熟れる (ureru, “to ripen, mature”) + しい (shii, “adjective forming suffix”). However, it is unclear how the sense of "feeling mature" would match the sense of "glad".

嬉しがらせ

word or gesture intended to gladden someone


岐路

crossroads, the point where a road or rail line diverges

人生の岐路に立つ

crossroads, a critical time or turning point


ダイアナ

ja:ダイアナ (小惑星)


アルテミス

[a̠ɾɯ̟ᵝte̞mʲisɨᵝ]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἄρτεμις (Ártemis)

lbor

神

ギリシア神話のオリュンポス十二神 (Girishia shinwa no Oryunposu jūnishin)


国技館

国技館 (canonical)
Kokugikan (romanization)

国技 (kokugi, “national sport”) + 館 (-kan)


歯垢

歯垢 (canonical)
shikō (romanization)
sikou (romanization)
しこう (hiragana historical)


優勝額

優勝額 (canonical)
yūshōgaku (romanization)


反響

反響定位: echolocation

反響定位 はんきょうていい

An echo; (a reflected sound that is heard again by its initial observer).


幻影

From Middle Chinese 幻影 (gwæn ʔjæng^X, literally “illusion, mirage + shadow”). Compare Mandarin 幻影 (huànyǐng).

der

(medicine) a phantom, a phantasm: a perception of something that is not there


測量

ja-noun

測(そく)量(りょう) • (sokuryō) ^(←そくりやう (sokuryau)?)

測量 (canonical)
sokuryō (romanization)
sokuryau (romanization)
そくりやう (hiragana historical)

[so̞kɯ̟ᵝɾʲo̞ː]


熱気球

熱(ねつ)気(き)球(きゅう) • (netsukikyū) ^(←ねつききう (netukikiu)?)

熱気球 (canonical)
netsukikyū (romanization)
netukikiu (romanization)
ねつききう (hiragana historical)

[ne̞t͡sɨ̥ᵝkʲikʲɨᵝː]

熱 (netsu, “hot”) + 気球 (kikyū, “balloon”)


錫杖

ja-noun

錫(しゃく)杖(じょう) • (shakujō) ^(←しやくぢやう (syakudyau)?) (counter 本)

錫杖 (canonical)
shakujō (romanization)
syakudyau (romanization)
本 (counter)
しやくぢやう (hiragana historical)

[ɕa̠kɯ̟ᵝʑo̞ː]

Compound of 錫 (shaku, “tin, stannum”) + 杖 (jō, “staff”).

compound

(Buddhism, weaponry) A khakkhara; Buddhist monk's "sounding staff".


接道

In Japan, regulation about facing street is stipulated in the Building Standards Act. The regulation is called "接道義務".

(real estate) facing street. - refers to the land (site) facing on the street.


関脇

(sumo) sekiwake, lit.: 'next to the barrier'; denoting either the third-highest rank in sumo-wrestling or a person holding it


大関

ja-noun

大(おお)関(ぜき) • (ōzeki) ^(←おほぜき (ofozeki)?)

大関 (canonical)
ōzeki (romanization)
ofozeki (romanization)
おほぜき (hiragana historical)

(sumo) ozeki, literally 'great barrier', the second-highest rank in sumo-wrestling, above sekiwake and below yokozuna


要出典

要出典 (canonical)
yō shutten (romanization)

[jo̞ː ɕɨᵝt̚tẽ̞ɴ]

Phrase consisting of 要 (yō, “needed, required”) + 出典 (shutten, “source”).

compound

(Internet, Wikimedia jargon) citation needed


訓点

characters and marks that are applied to assist in reading kanbun (Chinese texts) as Japanese


母体

Likely a coinage in Japanese of Middle Chinese-derived elements, as a compound of 母 (bo, “mother”) + 体 (tai, “body”).
First cited to 1910.

母体血清マーカー

母体死亡率

母体免疫

母体保護法

母体行


シャボン

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:松村明

Borrowed from Portuguese sabão, or from Early Modern Spanish jabón, from Old Spanish xabon. The initial sh- in the Japanese term suggests that Spanish might be the more likely source, considering historical pronunciation patterns. Cognate to Okinawan サフン (safun), and distantly to English soap.

シャボンの木: alternate name for 石鹸木: either the soap tree

シャボン豆: alternate name for 白小豆: white azuki bean


順次

[d͡ʑɨ̃ᵝɲ̟d͡ʑi]


回線

ja-noun

回(かい)線(せん) • (kaisen) ^(←くわいせん (kwaisen)?)

回線 (canonical)
kaisen (romanization)
kwaisen (romanization)
くわいせん (hiragana historical)

回線が悪い

回線が混んでいる

(informal, telecommunications) (Internet) connection


妓院

a brothel or similar business in a red light district


背番号

背(せ)番(ばん)号(ごう) • (se-bangō) ^(←せばんがう (sebangau)?)

背番号 (canonical)
se-bangō (romanization)
sebangau (romanization)
せばんがう (hiragana historical)

[se̞bã̠ŋɡo̞ː]

日本代表の背番号が発表された。

They announced the jersey numbers for the Japanese national team.

Nihon daihyō no sebangō ga happyō sareta.

日本代表 にほんだいひょう

number (on an athlete's uniform's back); jersey number, uniform number, player number, shirt number


恒常性

恒(こう)常(じょう)性(せい) • (kōjōsei)

[ko̞ːʑo̞ːse̞ː]


女教皇

女(じょ)教(きょう)皇(おう) • (jokyōō)

Compound of 女 (jo, “woman, female”) + 教皇 (kyōō, “high priest, hierophant”).


運命の輪

運命の輪 (canonical)
Unmei no Wa (romanization)

運命 (unmei, “fortune”) + の (no, “of”) + 輪 (wa, “wheel”)


黒神子

黒神子 (canonical)
kuro miko (romanization)


黒巫女

黒巫女 (canonical)
kuro miko (romanization)


照る照る坊主

ja-noun

照(て)る照(て)る坊(ぼう)主(ず) • (teru teru bōzu) ^(←てるてるばうず (teru teru bauzu)?)

照る照る坊主 (canonical)
teru teru bōzu (romanization)
teru teru bauzu (romanization)
てるてるばうず (hiragana historical)

[te̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ te̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ bo̞ːzɨᵝ]

A phrase, composed of 照る (teru, “to shine, to be sunny”) + 坊主 (bōzu, “Buddhist monk”). Literally, “shine, shine monk”, whereby “shine” is partially in reference to fair weather.

a small, traditional handmade doll made of white paper or cloth


愚者

愚者 (canonical)
gusha (romanization)
gusya (romanization)
ぐしや (hiragana historical)

table
From Middle Chinese 愚者 (MC ngju tsyaeX). First attested in Japanese in 900.


教皇

教(きょう)皇(こう) • (kyōkō) ^(←けうくわう (keukwau)?)

教皇 (canonical)
kyōkō (romanization)
keukwau (romanization)
けうくわう (hiragana historical)
きょうおう (alternative hiragana)
kyōō (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)
けうわう (alternative hiragana historical)

From 教 (kyō, “teaching; religion”) + 皇 (kō, ō, “emperor”).


教皇

ja:教皇 (タロット)

ja-pos

教(きょう)皇(こう) • (Kyōkō) ^(←けうくわう (keukwau)?)

教皇 (canonical)
Kyōkō (romanization)
keukwau (romanization)
けうくわう (hiragana historical)


蒲鉾

Compound of 蒲 (kama, “cattail, bulrush”) + 鉾 (hoko, “spear”). The cattail plant sense is from the way the seed spike resembles a spear. The food-related sense comes from the way the fishcake would often be shaped into a tube on a skewer for roasting, resembling a cattail seed spike in shape and sometimes color. The hoko changes to boko as an instance of rendaku (連濁)..

蒲鉾形

a domed shape like a kamaboko loaf placed on a board

蒲鉾小屋

a rough hut shaped like a kamaboko loaf, made of bent bamboo and covered in rush

湯桶 that is wide in the middle and narrow at the edges

蒲鉾豆腐

蒲鉾豆腐 かまぼこどうふ

tofu mixed with walnut, placed on a board, steamed, and made to look like kamaboko

蒲鉾道

a road where the surface bulges up in the center and is lower on the edges, similar in shape to a kamaboko loaf

蒲鉾弓

a type of bow made of zelkova wood with a layer of bamboo on the outside and similar in shape to a kamaboko loaf, popular from the late Heian period

a traditional Japanese fishcake: any of various processed seafood products made from surimi, in which whitefish is pureed, formed into loaves, and steamed until firm


鳴門

鳴門 (canonical)
鳴門 (canonical)
naruto (romanization)

[na̠ɾɯ̟ᵝto̞]

From Old Japanese.
Compound of 鳴る (naru, “to ring, roar, sound”) + 門 (to, “gate, door”).

com

Short for 鳴門巻き (narutomaki): a kamaboko fishcake with a whirlpool design

鳴門巻き

(cooking) a technique in which ingredients are cut in spiral patterns


鳴門

From Etymology 1 above.
The “edible seaweed” sense is associated with 鳴門若布 (Naruto wakame), which is traditionally made in Naruto, Tokushima.

(cooking, colloquial) edible 若布 (wakame) seaweed used for cooking


反陽子

反陽子 (canonical)
han'yōshi (romanization)

反 (han-, “anti-”) + 陽子 (yōshi, “proton”), calque of English antiproton.


輪廻

輪廻 (canonical)
rinne (romanization)
rin'we (romanization)
りんゑ (hiragana historical)

貧は菩提の種富は輪廻の絆

hin wa bodai no tane tomi wa rinne no kizuna

/rinwe/ → /rinɰe/ → /rinːe/
From Middle Chinese 輪迴 (MC lwin hwoj, literally “wheel + revolve”), itself a translation of Sanskrit संसार (saṃsāra, literally “passing, wandering”).
The e reading for 廻 changes to ne as an instance of renjō (連声).

ja-renjo

(philosophy, religion, espeically in Buddhism) samsara (endless cycle of life, death, and reincarnation); metempsychosis

(poetry) repeating of the same words and/or meanings in one volume of haikai or renga


ゆみ

裕美, 由美, 有美, 優美, 友美, 裕実, 由実, 有実, 優実, 友実, 祐未: a female given name


暹羅

暹羅 (canonical)
暹羅 (canonical)
Shamuro (romanization)

[ɕa̠mɯ̟ᵝɾo̞]

Ateji (当て字), from Chinese 暹羅／暹罗 (Xiānluó).

大辞泉 w:ja:大辞泉

広辞苑 w:ja:広辞苑

大辞林 w:ja:大辞林

(history) Synonym of シャム (Shamu, “Siam”)


強い相互作用

ja-noun

強(つよ)い相(そう)互(ご)作(さ)用(よう) • (tsuyoi sōgosayō)

強い相互作用 (canonical)
tsuyoi sōgosayō (romanization)


弱い相互作用

弱(よわ)い相(そう)互(ご)作(さ)用(よう) • (yowai sōgosayō)

弱い相互作用 (canonical)
yowai sōgosayō (romanization)


電磁相互作用

電(でん)磁(じ)相(そう)互(ご)作(さ)用(よう) • (denji sōgosayō)

電磁相互作用 (canonical)
denji sōgosayō (romanization)

electromagnetic interaction
electromagnetic interaction


基本相互作用

基(き)本(ほん)相(そう)互(ご)作(さ)用(よう) • (kihon sōgosayō)

基本相互作用 (canonical)
kihon sōgosayō (romanization)

fundamental interaction
fundamental interaction


重力相互作用

じゅうりょく そうごさよう

重(じゅう)力(りょく)相(そう)互(ご)作(さ)用(よう) • (jūryoku sōgosayō)

重力相互作用 (canonical)
jūryoku sōgosayō (romanization)

gravitational interaction
gravitational interaction


代替エネルギー

代替エネルギー (canonical)
daitai enerugī (romanization)

From 代替 (daitai, “substitution”) + エネルギー (enerugī, “energy”).


お団子

Compound of 御 (o-, honorific prefix) + 団子 (dango, “sweet dumpling”).

prefix

団子: a traditional Japanese sweet round dumpling


濡烏

濡烏 (canonical)
nuregarasu (romanization)

濡(ぬれ) (nure, “wet”) + 烏(からす) (karasu, “crow”)


除雪

除雪する (canonical)
josetsu suru (romanization)
除雪し (stem)
除雪した (past)
除雪し
じょせつし
josetsu shi
除雪する
じょせつする
josetsu suru
除雪すれ
じょせつすれ
josetsu sure
除雪せよ (imperative literary)
除雪しろ (colloquial imperative)
じょせつせよ (imperative literary)
じょせつしろ (colloquial imperative)
josetsu seyo (imperative literary)
josetsu shiro (colloquial imperative)
除雪される (passive)
じょせつされる (passive)
josetsu sareru (passive)
除雪させる (causative)
除雪さす (causative)
じょせつさせる (causative)
じょせつさす (causative)
josetsu saseru (causative)
josetsu sasu (causative)
除雪できる (potential)
じょせつできる (potential)
josetsu dekiru (potential)
除雪しよう (volitional)
じょせつしよう (volitional)
josetsu shiyō (volitional)
除雪しない (negative)
じょせつしない (negative)
josetsu shinai (negative)
除雪せず (continuative negative)
じょせつせず (continuative negative)
josetsu sezu (continuative negative)
除雪します (formal)
じょせつします (formal)
josetsu shimasu (formal)
除雪した (perfective)
じょせつした (perfective)
josetsu shita (perfective)
除雪して (conjunctive)
じょせつして (conjunctive)
josetsu shite (conjunctive)
除雪すれば (conditional hypothetical)
じょせつすれば (conditional hypothetical)
josetsu sureba (conditional hypothetical)


国防省

国防省 (canonical)
kokubōshō (romanization)

[ko̞kɯ̟ᵝbo̞ːɕo̞ː]

(government, military) department of defense


濡羽色

濡羽色 (canonical)
nurebairo (romanization)

濡 (“wet”) + 羽 (“feather”) + 色 (“color”); from the color of a crow's wet feathers


モニカ

A transliteration of the English female given name Monika or Monica


占い

[ɯ̟ᵝɾa̠na̠i]


染める

ja-verb

染(そ)める • (someru) transitive ichidan (stem 染(そ)め (some), past 染(そ)めた (someta))

染める (canonical)
someru (romanization)
染め (stem)
染めた (past)
染め
そめ
some
染める
そめる
someru
染めれ
そめれ
somere
染めよ (imperative literary)
染めろ (colloquial imperative)
そめよ (imperative literary)
そめろ (colloquial imperative)
someyo (imperative literary)
somero (colloquial imperative)
染められる (passive)
そめられる (passive)
somerareru (passive)
染めさせる (causative)
染めさす (causative)
そめさせる (causative)
そめさす (causative)
somesaseru (causative)
somesasu (causative)
染められる (potential)
染めれる (colloquial potential)
そめられる (potential)
そめれる (colloquial potential)
somerareru (potential)
somereru (colloquial potential)
染めよう (volitional)
そめよう (volitional)
someyō (volitional)
染めない (negative)
染めぬ (negative)
染めん (negative)
そめない (negative)
そめぬ (negative)
そめん (negative)
somenai (negative)
somenu (negative)
somen (negative)
染めず (continuative negative)
そめず (continuative negative)
somezu (continuative negative)
染めます (formal)
そめます (formal)
somemasu (formal)
染めた (perfective)
そめた (perfective)
someta (perfective)
染めて (conjunctive)
そめて (conjunctive)
somete (conjunctive)
染めれば (conditional hypothetical)
そめれば (conditional hypothetical)
somereba (conditional hypothetical)

[so̞me̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

手を染める 手を染める#Japanese

(手を染める) to set about; to be involved with


ナムル

[na̠mɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]

もやしのナムル


埋葬

埋葬する (canonical)
maisō suru (romanization)
埋葬し (stem)
埋葬した (past)
埋葬し
まいそうし
maisō shi
埋葬する
まいそうする
maisō suru
埋葬すれ
まいそうすれ
maisō sure
埋葬せよ (imperative literary)
埋葬しろ (colloquial imperative)
まいそうせよ (imperative literary)
まいそうしろ (colloquial imperative)
maisō seyo (imperative literary)
maisō shiro (colloquial imperative)
埋葬される (passive)
まいそうされる (passive)
maisō sareru (passive)
埋葬させる (causative)
埋葬さす (causative)
まいそうさせる (causative)
まいそうさす (causative)
maisō saseru (causative)
maisō sasu (causative)
埋葬できる (potential)
まいそうできる (potential)
maisō dekiru (potential)
埋葬しよう (volitional)
まいそうしよう (volitional)
maisō shiyō (volitional)
埋葬しない (negative)
まいそうしない (negative)
maisō shinai (negative)
埋葬せず (continuative negative)
まいそうせず (continuative negative)
maisō sezu (continuative negative)
埋葬します (formal)
まいそうします (formal)
maisō shimasu (formal)
埋葬した (perfective)
まいそうした (perfective)
maisō shita (perfective)
埋葬して (conjunctive)
まいそうして (conjunctive)
maisō shite (conjunctive)
埋葬すれば (conditional hypothetical)
まいそうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
maisō sureba (conditional hypothetical)

ペットを庭に埋葬する


月読

月読 (canonical)
月読 (canonical)
tsukiyomi (romanization)

Shift from Old Japanese 月讀 (tukuyo₂mi₁), using the modern reading of 月 (tsuki, “moon”).

つきよみのあめにのぼりてやみもなくあきらけきよをみるがたのしさ

tsukiyomi no ame ni noborite yami mo naku akirakeki yo o miru ga tanoshisa


月読

月読 (canonical)
月読 (canonical)
Tsukiyomi (romanization)

(Japanese mythology) Short for 月読尊 (Tsukiyomi no mikoto): Tsukuyomi, the moon god in Shinto mythology

月読宮

Tsukiyomi-no-miya, a shrine to Tsukuyomi in the Miyajiri area of Ise, Mie Prefecture


付き

Nominative form of 付(つ)く (tsuku, “attached to”)

(usually prefixed as お付き) attendant, assistant


蛍光表示管

ja-noun

蛍(けい)光(こう)表(ひょう)示(じ)管(かん) • (keikōhyōjikan)

蛍光表示管 (canonical)
keikōhyōjikan (romanization)

[ke̞ːko̞ːço̞ːʑikã̠ɴ]

From 蛍光 (keikō, “fluorescence”), 表示 (hyōji, “display”) and 管 (kan, “tube”).

(electronics) Vacuum Fluorescent Display (VFD)


アロハシャツ

アロハシャツ とんでキラリ

1984, “ラメ色ドリーム”

環境省はアロハシャツやポロシャツを勤務中に着ることを容認。

2012 June 1, “アロハもＯＫ、職場の節電 スーパークールビズ始動”, in 47News

At the Ministry of the Environment, aloha shirts and polo shirts are acceptable to wear in the line of duty.


真空管

真空管 (canonical)
shinkūkan (romanization)

[ɕĩŋkɯ̟ᵝːkã̠ɴ]

真空 (shinkū, “vacuum”) + 管 (kan, “tube”), Calque of English vacuum tube


ヒューズ

ヒューズ • (hyūzu)

ヒューズが飛ぶ。


信託統治

信託統治 (canonical)
shintaku tōchi (romanization)

[ɕĩnta̠kɯ̟̊ᵝ to̞ːt͡ɕi]

Compound of 信(しん)託(たく) (shintaku, “trust; entrustment”) + 統(とう)治(ち) (tōchi, “rule; governance”).


セーター

ja-noun

セーター • (sētā)


パーティー

パーティー • (pātī)

パーティーの編成


フォーク

フォーク • (fōku)

Daijisen
ja:フォーク
ja:フォーク (ソフトウェア開発)
ja:フォーク (ファイルシステム)
ja:フォーク (食器)
ja:松村明

フォークボール フォークボール#Japanese

(baseball) Short for フォークボール (fōkubōru).


フォーク

ja-pos

フォーク • (Fōku)

ja:フォーク
ja:フォーク郡 (サウスダコタ州)


フォーク

フォーク • (Fōku)


お酒

御 (o-, honorific prefix) + 酒 (sake, “alcoholic beverage, (especially) wine”).


花瓶

花瓶 (canonical)
kabin (romanization)
kwabin (romanization)
くわびん (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 花 (MC xwae) and 瓶(びん) (bin, “jar”).


花瓶

花瓶 (canonical)
kahei (romanization)
kwafei (romanization)
くわへい (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 花瓶 (MC xwae beng), using kan'on for the reading of 瓶.


花瓶

Compound of 花(はな) (hana, “flower”) + 瓶(かめ) (kame, “earthenware pot”). The kame changes to game as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


今晩

*/kʲəm bʉan/ → /kombaɴ/
From Middle Chinese compound 今晚 (MC kim mjonX).

今晩からぐっすり眠れる

to be able to sleep soundly starting tonight


直腸

ja-noun

直(ちょく)腸(ちょう) • (chokuchō) ^(←ちよくちやう (tyokutyau)?)

直腸 (canonical)
chokuchō (romanization)
tyokutyau (romanization)
ちよくちやう (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕo̞kɯ̟̊ᵝt͡ɕo̞ː]

[t͡ɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝt͡ɕo̞ː]


交差点

交(こう)差(さ)点(てん) • (kōsaten) ^(←かうさてん (kausaten)?)

交差点 (canonical)
kōsaten (romanization)
kausaten (romanization)
かうさてん (hiragana historical)

交差点を横断する

横の揚子江と、縱の運河の交叉點に當る揚州は、當時内外商賈の輻輳する所で、遠くアラビア（大食）ペルシア邊の外商も尠からずここに來集した。
Yoko no Yōsukō to, tate no unga no kōsaten ni ataru Yōshū wa, tōji naigai shōbai no fukusō suru tokoro de, tooku Arabia (Tāji) Perushia atari no gaishō mo sukunakarazu koko ni raishū shita.

Yangzhou, located at the intersection of the horizontal Yangtze River and the vertical canal, was a busy place for both domestic and foreign business at that time, and not a few foreign merchants from faraway around Arabia and Persia gathered there.


酵素

酵素 (canonical)
kōso (romanization)
kauso (romanization)
かうそ (hiragana historical)

酵 (kō, “fermentation”) + 素 (so, “element”)

affix

酵素活性が高まる


死活

死活問題

死活問題 しかつもんだい


久しい

ja-adj

久(ひさ)しい • (hisashii) -i (adverbial 久(ひさ)しく (hisashiku))

久しい (canonical)
hisashii (romanization)
久しく (adverbial)
久しかろ (imperfective stem)
ひさしかろ (imperfective stem)
hisashikaro (imperfective)
久しく (continuative stem)
ひさしく (continuative stem)
hisashiku (continuative)
久しい (stem terminative)
ひさしい (stem terminative)
hisashii (terminative)
久しい (attributive stem)
ひさしい (attributive stem)
hisashii (attributive)
久しけれ (hypothetical stem)
ひさしけれ (hypothetical stem)
hisashikere (hypothetical)
久しかれ (imperative stem)
ひさしかれ (imperative stem)
hisashikare (imperative)
久しくない (informal negative)
ひさしくない (informal negative)
hisashiku nai (informal negative)
久しかった (informal past)
ひさしかった (informal past)
hisashikatta (informal past)
久しくなかった (informal negative past)
ひさしくなかった (informal negative past)
hisashiku nakatta (informal negative past)
久しいです (formal)
ひさしいです (formal)
hisashii desu (formal)
久しくないです (formal negative)
ひさしくないです (formal negative)
hisashiku nai desu (formal negative)
久しかったです (formal past)
ひさしかったです (formal past)
hisashikatta desu (formal past)
久しくなかったです (formal negative past)
ひさしくなかったです (formal negative past)
hisashiku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
久しくて (conjunctive)
ひさしくて (conjunctive)
hisashikute (conjunctive)
久しければ (conditional)
ひさしければ (conditional)
hisashikereba (conditional)
久しかったら (conditional past)
ひさしかったら (conditional past)
hisashikattara (conditional past)
久しかろう (volitional)
ひさしかろう (volitional)
hisashikarō (volitional)
久しく (adverbial)
ひさしく (adverbial)
hisashiku (adverbial)
久しさ (noun-from-adj)
ひさしさ (noun-from-adj)
hisashisa (noun-from-adj)


宮仕え

宮仕えする (canonical)
miyazukae suru (romanization)
宮仕えし (stem)
宮仕えした (past)

From 宮 (miya, “Imperial Court”) + 仕え (tsukae, continuative form of 仕える (tsukaeru, “serve”)).

com

continuative form of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">仕える</i> (tsukaeru, “serve”)


デパート

ここにはでっけえ工場ができんだよ。あっちの空き地はデパート、屋上は遊園地になるんだって父ちゃんいってたぜ。

1996 September 15, Mitsuru Adachi, “帰リ道その２ [The Way Home 2]”, in SHORT PROGRAM (SHORT PROGRAM) [SHORT PROGRAM], volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 271

There will be a factory over here. And a department store on that vacant lot over there, with an amusement park on the rooftop. My dad told me so.

Koko ni wa dekkē kōjō ga dekin da yo. Atchi no akichi wa depāto, okujō wa yūenchi ni naru n da tte tō-chan itteta ze.

デパートメントストア デパートメントストア#Japanese

Clipping of デパートメントストア (depātomento sutoa, “department store”).


枕詞

枕詞 (canonical)
makura kotoba (romanization)

→ English: pillow word (calque)

→ English: makurakotoba

Compound of 枕 (makura, “pillow”) + 詞 (kotoba, “word”). The pillow meaning is in reference to the way that makura kotoba in poetry are used as introductions to something else.

compound

711–712, Kojiki, poem 2:
… 爾波都登理 迦祁波那久 … [Man'yōgana]
… 庭つ鳥 鶏は鳴く … [Modern spelling]

Over time, certain makura kotoba may become full metonyms to replace the term they originally only alluded to, such as the Old Japanese phrase 庭つ鳥 (niwa tsu tori) or "garden bird" replacing the older term 鶏 (kake) to mean "chicken", as in the modern Japanese term 鶏 (niwatori). An example of such a makura kotoba

...the garden bird, the chicken clucks...

(poetry) a pillow word, an epithet, specifically a poetic device where a certain introductory phrase is commonly used to allude to something else, traditionally used in 和歌 (waka, “traditional Japanese poetry”)


三日

Tensening of earlier 三日 (mika); by surface analysis, 三 (mi, “three”) + 日 (ka, “days”, counter for days).

surf

発売まであと3日


七日

ja-noun

七(なの)日(か) or 七日(なぬか) • (nanoka or nanuka)

七日 (canonical)
七日 (canonical)
nanoka (romanization)
nanuka (romanization)

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Edo period
Kōjien
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru

Shift from Old Japanese 七日 (nanuka), attested in the Man'yōshū of circa 759 CE; ultimately from Proto-Japonic *nanuka.
The nanoka reading is first cited to a text from the late Edo period.


二日

[ɸɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝka̠]

/putuka/ → /fut͡suka/
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.
Analyzable as a compound of 二 (futsu, “two”, irregular reading, apparently a shift from expected reading futa) + 日 (ka, “day”, uncommon variant only occurring in certain compounds of ancient derivation).

compound

the second day after some set point in time


一二点

一二点 (canonical)
ichiniten (romanization)

in kambun, a type of kaeriten in which the reading order is marked with numbers 1, 2, 3... indicating the order


速雨

Compound of 速(はや) (haya, “fast”) + 雨(さめ) (same, “rain”).


返り点

in kambun, marks that are placed in the lower left corner of a character to indicate the reading order; types include ichiniten, kōotsuten, jōgeten, tenchiten, and reten


群雨

Compound of 群(むら) (mura, “gather”) + 雨(さめ) (same, “rain”). Literally rain that falls when clouds gather together.


長雨

Compound of 長 (naga, “long”) + 雨 (same, “rain”).

rain that continues to fall for a long duration of time


吏読

吏読 (canonical)
吏読 (canonical)
rito (romanization)
ritō (romanization)

Unknown. The name is first found in 1444 in the work of Choe Manri, but the practice was in use for many centuries preceding that. Variously written 吏読, 吏道, 吏吐, etc. Only the first character "clerk" is common and suggests that it was a system used by government clerks.

Idu, an archaic method of writing Korean with Chinese characters; the syntax is Korean order and includes Chinese characters to represent Korean grammar


夜雨

Compound of 夜 (yo, “night”) + 雨 (same, “rain”).

rain that falls during the nighttime; night rain


秋雨

the long rainfalls that occur during the autumn; an autumn rain


十日

十日 (canonical)
tōka (romanization)
towoka (romanization)
とをか (hiragana historical)


横雨

Compound of 横 (yoko, “side”) + 雨 (ame, “rain”).


横雨

Compound of 横 (yoko, “side”) + 雨 (same, “rain”). The interstitial /-s-/ may reflect an ancient form of modern ame, or may be an ancient possessive infix. See the 雨 entry for more.

(archaic, possibly obsolete) rain that falls sideways due to wind


セーフ

ja-noun

セーフ • (sēfu)


流産

流(りゅう)産(ざん) • (ryūzan) ^(←りうざん (riuzan)?)

流産 (canonical)
ryūzan (romanization)
riuzan (romanization)
りうざん (hiragana historical)


ドクターストップ

[do̞kɯ̟ᵝta̠ː sɨᵝto̞p̚pɯ̟ᵝ]

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from doctor + stop

pseudo-loan

stopping a sports match for safety on a doctor's recommendation


ピンぞろ

Compound of ピン (pin, “a "one" in cards or dice”) + ぞろ (zoro, “from stem form soroi of verb 揃う (sorou), 'to match or line up'”).

compound

(gambling, idiomatic) Snake eyes: two ones, after rolling two dice.


ぞろ目

Compound of ぞろ (zoro, cognate with suffix 揃(ぞろ)い (-zoroi, “all of the same kind”)) + 目 (me, “value of a die throw”).

cognate with suffix 揃(ぞろ)い (-zoroi</span>, “all of the same kind”)

(gambling, idiomatic) doubles: two of the same number other than 1, after rolling two dice

(gambling, idiomatic) in a forecast bet, betting that the same horse wins twice in a row


ピンセット

Borrowed from Dutch pincet (“tweezers”).

ピンセットでガラスの破片を抜く
pinsetto de garasu no hahen o nuku
pull out a sliver of glass with tweezers

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Tweezers
ja:ピンセット
ja:松村明


敬遠

敬遠 (canonical)
keien (romanization)
keiwen (romanization)
けいゑん (hiragana historical)


敬遠

敬遠する (canonical)
keien suru (romanization)
keiwen (romanization)
敬遠し (stem)
敬遠した (past)
敬遠し
けいえんし
keien shi
敬遠する
けいえんする
keien suru
敬遠すれ
けいえんすれ
keien sure
敬遠せよ (imperative literary)
敬遠しろ (colloquial imperative)
けいえんせよ (imperative literary)
けいえんしろ (colloquial imperative)
keien seyo (imperative literary)
keien shiro (colloquial imperative)
敬遠される (passive)
けいえんされる (passive)
keien sareru (passive)
敬遠させる (causative)
敬遠さす (causative)
けいえんさせる (causative)
けいえんさす (causative)
keien saseru (causative)
keien sasu (causative)
敬遠できる (potential)
けいえんできる (potential)
keien dekiru (potential)
敬遠しよう (volitional)
けいえんしよう (volitional)
keien shiyō (volitional)
敬遠しない (negative)
けいえんしない (negative)
keien shinai (negative)
敬遠せず (continuative negative)
けいえんせず (continuative negative)
keien sezu (continuative negative)
敬遠します (formal)
けいえんします (formal)
keien shimasu (formal)
敬遠した (perfective)
けいえんした (perfective)
keien shita (perfective)
敬遠して (conjunctive)
けいえんして (conjunctive)
keien shite (conjunctive)
敬遠すれば (conditional hypothetical)
けいえんすれば (conditional hypothetical)
keien sureba (conditional hypothetical)


司る

ja-verb

司(つかさど)る • (tsukasadoru) transitive godan (stem 司(つかさど)り (tsukasadori), past 司(つかさど)った (tsukasadotta))

司る (canonical)
tsukasadoru (romanization)
司り (stem)
司った (past)
司ら
つかさどら
tsukasadora
司り
つかさどり
tsukasadori
司る
つかさどる
tsukasadoru
司れ
つかさどれ
tsukasadore
司られる (passive)
つかさどられる (passive)
tsukasadorareru (passive)
司らせる (causative)
司らす (causative)
つかさどらせる (causative)
つかさどらす (causative)
tsukasadoraseru (causative)
tsukasadorasu (causative)
司れる (potential)
つかさどれる (potential)
tsukasadoreru (potential)
司ろう (volitional)
つかさどろう (volitional)
tsukasadorō (volitional)
司らない (negative)
つかさどらない (negative)
tsukasadoranai (negative)
司らず (continuative negative)
つかさどらず (continuative negative)
tsukasadorazu (continuative negative)
司ります (formal)
つかさどります (formal)
tsukasadorimasu (formal)
司った (perfective)
つかさどった (perfective)
tsukasadotta (perfective)
司って (conjunctive)
つかさどって (conjunctive)
tsukasadotte (conjunctive)
司れば (conditional hypothetical)
つかさどれば (conditional hypothetical)
tsukasadoreba (conditional hypothetical)

[t͡sɨ̥ᵝka̠sa̠do̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Compound of 官 (tsukasa, “position of authority”) + 取る (toru, “to take”). The toru changes to doru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

compound

呼吸を司る臓器は肺です。

The organ that handles breathing is the lungs.

(biology) To carry out a role, to serve a function, as done by an organ of the body.


春奈

[ha̠ɾɯ̟ᵝna̠]


恭子

ja-pos

恭(きょう)子(こ) or 恭(やす)子(こ) • (Kyōko or Yasuko)

恭子 (canonical)
恭子 (canonical)
Kyōko (romanization)
Yasuko (romanization)


鍛冶

鍛冶 (canonical)
kaji (romanization)
kadi (romanization)
かぢ (hiragana historical)

⟨kana uti⟩ → ⟨kanuti⟩ → */kaᶮdi/ → /kad͡ʑi/ → /kaʑi/
Shift from Old Japanese 鍛 (kanuti, modern pronunciation kanuchi, literally “forging, smithing”), equivalent to a compound of 金 (kana, ancient combining form of kane, “metal”) + 打ち (uchi, “striking”).
The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 鍛冶／锻冶 (duànyě).

鍛冶橋狩野

Kajibashi Kanō, one of the four Kanō schools in the Edo Period, founded by Kanō Tan'yū

鍛冶橋門

Kajibashi Mon, one of the gates in the Edo city walls

鍛冶町

Kajichō, placename in Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo; from land gifted to noted smiths in the Edo period

鍛冶被

cleaning cloth folded in half twice and worn on the head by a smith while working

鍛冶の明日に紺屋の明後日

kaji no ashita ni kon'ya no asatte, metaphor for someone who makes promises easily but always breaks them

a smith's tomorrow, but a dyer's day after tomorrow

鍛冶の神、パーフォロス ― ^kaji no ^kami,^pāforosu ― Purphoros, God of the Forge

(historical) Short for 鍛冶司 (kaji no tsukasa): the official imperial court metalsmith or overseer of metalsmiths in the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of ancient Japan


鍛冶

鍛冶 (canonical)
Kaji (romanization)
kadi (romanization)
かぢ (hiragana historical)


鍛冶

From Middle Chinese 鍛冶 (MC twanH yaeX, literally “forge + smelt”).
Compare modern Mandarin 锻冶 (duànyě).


鍛冶

鍛冶する (canonical)
tan'ya suru (romanization)
鍛冶し (stem)
鍛冶した (past)
鍛冶し
たんやし
tan'ya shi
鍛冶する
たんやする
tan'ya suru
鍛冶すれ
たんやすれ
tan'ya sure
鍛冶せよ (imperative literary)
鍛冶しろ (colloquial imperative)
たんやせよ (imperative literary)
たんやしろ (colloquial imperative)
tan'ya seyo (imperative literary)
tan'ya shiro (colloquial imperative)
鍛冶される (passive)
たんやされる (passive)
tan'ya sareru (passive)
鍛冶させる (causative)
鍛冶さす (causative)
たんやさせる (causative)
たんやさす (causative)
tan'ya saseru (causative)
tan'ya sasu (causative)
鍛冶できる (potential)
たんやできる (potential)
tan'ya dekiru (potential)
鍛冶しよう (volitional)
たんやしよう (volitional)
tan'ya shiyō (volitional)
鍛冶しない (negative)
たんやしない (negative)
tan'ya shinai (negative)
鍛冶せず (continuative negative)
たんやせず (continuative negative)
tan'ya sezu (continuative negative)
鍛冶します (formal)
たんやします (formal)
tan'ya shimasu (formal)
鍛冶した (perfective)
たんやした (perfective)
tan'ya shita (perfective)
鍛冶して (conjunctive)
たんやして (conjunctive)
tan'ya shite (conjunctive)
鍛冶すれば (conditional hypothetical)
たんやすれば (conditional hypothetical)
tan'ya sureba (conditional hypothetical)


編成

編成する (canonical)
hensei suru (romanization)
編成し (stem)
編成した (past)
編成し
へんせいし
hensei shi
編成する
へんせいする
hensei suru
編成すれ
へんせいすれ
hensei sure
編成せよ (imperative literary)
編成しろ (colloquial imperative)
へんせいせよ (imperative literary)
へんせいしろ (colloquial imperative)
hensei seyo (imperative literary)
hensei shiro (colloquial imperative)
編成される (passive)
へんせいされる (passive)
hensei sareru (passive)
編成させる (causative)
編成さす (causative)
へんせいさせる (causative)
へんせいさす (causative)
hensei saseru (causative)
hensei sasu (causative)
編成できる (potential)
へんせいできる (potential)
hensei dekiru (potential)
編成しよう (volitional)
へんせいしよう (volitional)
hensei shiyō (volitional)
編成しない (negative)
へんせいしない (negative)
hensei shinai (negative)
編成せず (continuative negative)
へんせいせず (continuative negative)
hensei sezu (continuative negative)
編成します (formal)
へんせいします (formal)
hensei shimasu (formal)
編成した (perfective)
へんせいした (perfective)
hensei shita (perfective)
編成して (conjunctive)
へんせいして (conjunctive)
hensei shite (conjunctive)
編成すれば (conditional hypothetical)
へんせいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
hensei sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(rail transport) make up, be formed of, compose


美栄

美栄 (canonical)
美栄 (canonical)
Mie (romanization)
Yoshie (romanization)


岳斗

岳斗 (canonical)
Yamato (romanization)
岳斗 (canonical)
Gakuto (romanization)


章一郎

章一郎 (canonical)
Shōichirō (romanization)

[ɕo̞ːit͡ɕiɾo̞ː]


セレーネー

ja-pos

セレーネー • (Serēnē)

(Greek mythology) The goddess of the Moon, Selene.


還元

還元する (canonical)
kangen suru (romanization)
還元し (stem)
還元した (past)
還元し
かんげんし
kangen shi
還元する
かんげんする
kangen suru
還元すれ
かんげんすれ
kangen sure
還元せよ (imperative literary)
還元しろ (colloquial imperative)
かんげんせよ (imperative literary)
かんげんしろ (colloquial imperative)
kangen seyo (imperative literary)
kangen shiro (colloquial imperative)
還元される (passive)
かんげんされる (passive)
kangen sareru (passive)
還元させる (causative)
還元さす (causative)
かんげんさせる (causative)
かんげんさす (causative)
kangen saseru (causative)
kangen sasu (causative)
還元できる (potential)
かんげんできる (potential)
kangen dekiru (potential)
還元しよう (volitional)
かんげんしよう (volitional)
kangen shiyō (volitional)
還元しない (negative)
かんげんしない (negative)
kangen shinai (negative)
還元せず (continuative negative)
かんげんせず (continuative negative)
kangen sezu (continuative negative)
還元します (formal)
かんげんします (formal)
kangen shimasu (formal)
還元した (perfective)
かんげんした (perfective)
kangen shita (perfective)
還元して (conjunctive)
かんげんして (conjunctive)
kangen shite (conjunctive)
還元すれば (conditional hypothetical)
かんげんすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kangen sureba (conditional hypothetical)


亮子

亮(りょう)子(こ) or 亮子(ゆきこ) • (Ryōko or Yukiko)

亮子 (canonical)
亮子 (canonical)
Ryōko (romanization)
Yukiko (romanization)


宏一

Kaneshige Kōichi
Kaneshige Kōichi#Japanese

ビッグモーター ja:w:ビッグモーター

兼(かね)重(しげ)宏(こう)一(いち) (Kaneshige Kōichi) (born 1988), former Vice-President of ビッグモーター (Biggu Mōtā, “BIG MOTOR Co., Ltd.”)

浜(はま)田(だ)宏(こう)一(いち) (Hamada Kōichi) (born 1936), the Tuntex Professor Emeritus of Economics at Yale University

Mizushima Kōichi
Mizushima Kōichi#Japanese

水(みず)島(しま)宏(こう)一(いち) (Mizushima Kōichi) (born 1965), former gymnast and Olympian

Yamadera Kōichi
Yamadera Kōichi#Japanese

山(やま)寺(でら)宏(こう)一(いち) (Yamadera Kōichi) (born 1961), actor, narrator, and singer


美姫

Attachment of felicitous characters to the existing feminine name Miki.


駆け引き

駆け引き (canonical)
kakehiki (romanization)

Compound of 駆け (kake, “running, pressing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 駆ける (kakeru, “to press on, to run”)) + 引き (hiki, “pulling”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 引く (hiku, “to pull, to draw”)), literally meaning "pressing forward, pulling back".

compound

あの大名は戦の駆け引きがうまかった。
Ano daimyō wa ikusa no kakehiki ga umakatta.
That daimyō was good at battle tactics.

(military) the advance and retreat of troops: tactics


成子

ja-pos

成(せい)子(こ) or 成(しげ)子(こ) • (Seiko or Shigeko)

成子 (canonical)
成子 (canonical)
Seiko (romanization)
Shigeko (romanization)


隆大

隆(たか)大(ひろ) or 隆(りゅう)大(だい) • (Takahiro or Ryūdai)

隆大 (canonical)
隆大 (canonical)
Takahiro (romanization)
Ryūdai (romanization)


紫苑

紫苑 (canonical)
Shion (romanization)
siwon (romanization)
しをん (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 紫菀 (MC tsjeX 'jwonX). Compare modern Mandarin 紫菀 (zǐwǎn).

紫苑色: a specific color coordination when wearing layered robe

usually with violet as one of the layers


紫苑

紫苑 (canonical)
Shioni (romanization)
siwoni (romanization)
しをに (hiragana historical)

Alteration from shion, where the final moraic n changed to ni.
/ɕion/ → /ɕioni/


紫苑

紫苑 (canonical)
Shien (romanization)
siwen (romanization)
しゑん (hiragana historical)

Alteration from shion, using the kan'on reading of en for the second character. Less common.


ゆとうよみ

湯桶読み: A reading pattern for certain kanji compound words, using the native Japanese kun'yomi for the first kanji, and the Chinese-derived on'yomi for the second kanji.


重箱

重箱 (canonical)
kasanebako (romanization)

From Old Japanese. Compound of 重ね (kasane, “a pile, a tier, a ply”) + 箱 (hako, “a box”), the first element being the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 重ぬ kasanu, modern 重ねる kasaneru, “to make a pile of something, to stack something up”. The hako changes to bako as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
This reading appears to be rare.

compound

(rare) tiered boxes for holding and presenting food, such as 弁当 (bentō, “bento”) or New Year's お節 (osechi, special dishes usually only served at the new year)


重箱

ja-noun

重(じゅう)箱(ばこ) • (jūbako) ^(←ぢゆうばこ (dyuubako)?)

重箱 (canonical)
jūbako (romanization)
dyuubako (romanization)
ぢゆうばこ (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑɨᵝːba̠ko̞]

Origin less clear. Chinese-derived on'yomi 重 (jū, “to stack”) + Old Japanese 箱 (hako, “box”). The hako changes to bako as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
This is the standard reading for this term.

These are traditionally made of wood and often lacquered, coming in sets designed to stack two, three, or even more layers high. Often square, jūbako may also come in different shapes. A set usually comes with a lid for the top layer.

consisting of an on'yomi for the first kanji and a kun'yomi for the second kanji

not so good on the inside: appearances can be deceiving

clear out the corners of a jūbako with a ladle

重箱の隅を杓子で払え: → to see the forest for the trees

重箱の隅を楊枝でほじくる: → to split hairs

to pick out the corners of a jūbako with a toothpick

重箱を擂り粉木で洗う: → see the forest for the trees


湯桶読み

湯桶読み (canonical)
yutōyomi (romanization)

Compound of 湯桶 (yutō, “a hot-water bucket or spouted container”) + 読み (yomi, “reading, pronunciation”). For the way in which the word 湯桶 is read with a kun'yomi for the first kanji and an on'yomi for the second kanji.

com

(linguistics) a reading pattern for a kanji-compound word, using the native Japanese kun'yomi for the first portion, and the Chinese-derived on'yomi for the second portion

using the Chinese-derived on'yomi for the first portion

and the native Japanese kun'yomi for the second portion


泥棒

ja-noun

泥(どろ)棒(ぼう) • (dorobō) ^(←どろばう (dorobau)?)

泥棒 (canonical)
dorobō (romanization)
dorobau (romanization)
どろばう (hiragana historical)

噓つきは泥棒の始まり

Someone who can lie with ease will not think theft is bad.

火事場泥棒

looter at the scene of a fire; someone who takes advantage of confusion for dishonest personal gain

税金泥棒

tax parasite (e.g. public servant, politician, welfare recipient, etc.); tax thief

説教泥棒

burglar who preach at the victim about the method of prevent similar crime


藤色

[ɸɯ̟ᵝʑiːɾo̞]

mauve; lilac (color); light purple; light lavender (color)


お節

food served during the New Year's holidays


海兵

From 海 (kai, “sea”) + 兵 (hei, “soldier”).


座敷童

座敷童 (canonical)
zashiki warashi (romanization)

Compound of 座敷 (zashiki, “house; Japanese-style parlor”) + 童 (warashi, “child”).

compound

(Japanese mythology, Tōhoku) a kind of yōkai: a red-faced ghost or apparition of a child haunting an old house, generally not malevolent, and thought to bring good fortune to the house


部分冠詞

部分冠詞 (canonical)
bubunkanshi (romanization)

[bɯ̟ᵝbɯ̟̃ᵝŋ kã̠ɰ̃ɕi]

From 部分 (bubun, “part”) + 冠詞 (kanshi, “article”).


重箱読み

ja-noun

重(じゅう)箱(ばこ)読(よ)み • (jūbakoyomi) ^(←ぢゆうばこよみ (dyuubakoyomi)?)

重箱読み (canonical)
jūbakoyomi (romanization)
dyuubakoyomi (romanization)
ぢゆうばこよみ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 重箱 (jūbako, “tiered boxes”) + 読み (yomi, “reading, pronunciation”). For the way in which the word 重箱 is read with an on'yomi for the first kanji and a kun'yomi for the second kanji.

com

(linguistics) a reading pattern for kanji-compound words, using the Chinese-derived on'yomi for the first portion, and the native Japanese kun'yomi for the second portion

Daijirin Daijisen Kanji#Mixed_readings ja:松村明 ja:重箱読み

using the native Japanese kun'yomi for the first kanji

and the Chinese-derived on'yomi for the second kanji


座敷

A compound of 座 (za, “sitting”) + 敷 (shiki, “spreading, covering”), the stem noun form of verb 敷く (shiku, “to spread or lay out on the floor or ground”).
Japanese houses originally had wood floors, and mats or cushions called 座 (za) would be laid out (敷く (shiku)) for sitting upon. Tatami (畳) flooring did not become common until some time during the Muromachi Period, approximately 1337 to 1573.

座敷芸

an entertainment or other performance at a feast or party

座敷乞食: someone who takes as much food and drink home as possible after being treated to a meal: a mooch

座敷行灯

座敷行灯 ざしきあんどん

a traditional paper-shaded lamp used in a tea room

座敷持

from the mid-Edo Period, a prostitute who has her own room in the red light district

座敷女中

座敷女中 ざしきじょちゅう

a female servant or maid who wait on customers or guests at a restaurant or inn

座敷浄瑠璃: a 浄瑠璃 performance without puppets

座敷天麩羅

座敷天麩羅 ざしきてんぷら

tempura fried up and served fresh in a zashiki room

apparition of a child haunt an old house

座敷能

a Noh performance given in a zashiki room

座敷兵法

座敷兵法 ざしきひょうほう

座敷奉行: a general concierge for a meeting hall

the steward in charge of preparing a daimyō household for a visit by the shōgun

a large group of prostitute dancing in the large zashiki of a high-end brothel

座敷牢

a traditional Japanese padded cell for imprison criminal or the insane

座敷幟: streamer hung in the zashiki room for Children's Day on 5 May

土間: The earthen floor-level at the entrance of traditional Japanese houses

広間: The raised-wooden main floor-level in a traditional Japanese houses

such a room used as a parlor to receive guests


フラン

franc (French, Luxembourgish and Belgian former currency)


フラン

From French flan (“cheesecake, custard tart, flan”).


須佐之男

ja-pos

須(す)佐(さ)之(の)男(お) or 須佐之男(スサノオ) • (Susanoo) ^(←すさのを (susanowo)?)

須佐之男 (canonical)
須佐之男 (canonical)
Susanoo (romanization)
susanowo (romanization)
すさのを (hiragana historical)

Uncertain, with many possible derivations. One of the more compelling explanations is that this is a compound of すさ (susa, “roughness, wildness”, root word unattested in isolation, but found in terms such as 凄まじい (susamajii, “terrible, dreadful”) or 荒む (susamu, “to be wild, to be savage”)) + の (no, possessive particle) + 男 (o, “man”). In this case, 須佐 (Susa) would be ateji (当て字).
Another theory is that this may be a compound of 須佐 (Susa, name of a place in Japan, where the god is supposed to have first touched earth) + の (no, possessive particle) + 男 (o, “man”).

lang

神道の本：八百万の神々がつどう秘教的祭祀の世界

神道の本：八百万の神々がつどう秘教的祭祀の世界

(Shinto, Japanese mythology) Susanoo, the Japanese god of storms


有価証券

有価証券 (canonical)
yūka shōken (romanization)

[jɯ̟ᵝːka̠ ɕo̞ːkẽ̞ɴ]

Compound of 有価(ゆうか) (yūka, “of value”) + 証券(しょうけん) (shōken, “security”).


月貰

[ɰᵝo̞ɾɯ̟ᵝse̞]

(real estate) wolse (a lease in the South Korean real estate market in which rent is paid monthly)


伊邪那美

ja-pos

伊(い)邪(ざ)那(な)美(み) or 伊邪那美(イザナミ) • (Izanami)

伊邪那美 (canonical)
伊邪那美 (canonical)
Izanami (romanization)

Appears to be of identical derivation as 伊邪那岐 (Izanagi), only replacing the last syllable き (ki, “male”, common element in Japanese male given names) with み (mi, “female”, common element in Japanese female given names). See the 伊邪那岐 entry for further details. The kanji are ateji (当て字).

(Japanese mythology) Izanami, the Japanese creator goddess, wife of Izanagi, and mother of Kagutsuchi


伊邪那岐

伊(い)邪(ざ)那(な)岐(ぎ) or 伊邪那岐(イザナギ) or 伊(い)邪(ざ)那(な)岐(き) or 伊邪那岐(イザナキ) • (Izanagi or Izanaki)

伊邪那岐 (canonical)
伊邪那岐 (canonical)
伊邪那岐 (canonical)
伊邪那岐 (canonical)
Izanagi (romanization)
Izanaki (romanization)

Uncertain. The pronunciation of the name shifted from Izanaki to Izanagi. The older Izanaki is still used as an alternative reading.
Possible etymologies
* Old Japanese いざ (iza, a beckoning interjection or call similar to hey and the root of verb 誘う (izanau, “to beckon, to call; to tempt”)) + な (na, Old Japanese possessive particle, superseded by の (no)) + き (ki, “male”, common element in Japanese male given names)
*: This theory dates to 1798 in the 古事記伝 (Kojiki-den, “Commentaries on the Kojiki”) by Motoori Norinaga, a scholar of ancient Japanese. This etymology would suggest that the name Izanagi meant something like “the (male) caller, the (male) beckoner”, perhaps in reference to Izanagi's calling forth of the islands of Japan from the sea.
* iza as alteration of isa from 功 (isao, “deed, exploit”) + な (na, Old Japanese possessive particle) + き (ki, “male”)
*: This dates to the 1954 book 神代史の新研究 (Jindaishi no Shin Kenkyū, “New Research into the Chronicles of the Age of Gods”) by Kurakichi Shiratori. A possible flaw is that isao derives from older adjectival form isawoshi, and further truncation from isao to isa might seem unlikely. However, isa is found as a root in other words such as 勇める (isameru, “to add power to: to encourage, to urge onwards”) or 鯨, 勇魚 (isana, “whale”, apparently isa “power” + na “fish”).
* izana as alteration of ishana in Buddhist term 伊舎那天 (Ishanaten, the ruler of the sixth heaven of the realm of cravings) + き (ki, “male”)
*: This theory is one of the older ones, dating to a text in 1339 by Kitabatake Chikafusa, the 神皇正統記 (Jinnō Shōtōki, “Chronicles of the Authentic Lineages of the Divine Emperors”). The ishana in Ishanaten is a borrowing from Sanskrit ईशान (īśāna, “lord, ruler”), which is suggestively also used in Sanskrit as an epithet for Vishnu, the Hindu god of creation and existence. A possible flaw is that it may be unlikely to use a borrowed Buddhist term for a native creation god. However, Buddhism arrived in Japan around 552 (possibly even centuries earlier), or at least some 160 years before the first mention of Izanagi, perhaps leaving time for borrowed words to gain acceptance.

com

(Japanese mythology) Izanagi, the Japanese creator god, and the father of Amaterasu, Tsukuyomi and Susanoo


有價證券

有價證券 (canonical)
yūka shōken (romanization)


むき

無季: not belonging to any particular season; (poetry) not including any seasonal terms or allusions

無記: (Buddhism, philosophy) indifference, neither bad nor good


げんごう

gengō (romanization)
gengau (romanization)
げんがう (hiragana historical)

(criminal slang, gambling) traditional Japanese gambling targeting price movements such as specific stocks and commodity futures


構文

[ko̞ːbɯ̟̃ᵝɴ]

(linguistics) structure, syntax of an expression


凡人

From Middle Chinese compound 凡人 (bjom nyin). Compare modern Hakka reading fàm-ngìn.
The goon, so likely the initial borrowing.

凡夫

Buddhist overtones; used more in writing


凡人

[bõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]

Shift in pronunciation from bonnin above, using the kan'on reading of jin for 人.


凡人

[hã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]

Shift in pronunciation from bonnin or bonjin above, using the kan'on reading for both characters.
This reading appears in use by the 有職家 (yūsokuka, “people well acquainted with the rites and ceremonies of the imperial court and nobility”).

(rare, possibly obsolete) an ordinary person, a commoner


肩甲骨

ja-noun

肩(けん)甲(こう)骨(こつ) • (kenkōkotsu) ^(←けんかふこつ (kenkafukotu)?)

肩甲骨 (canonical)
kenkōkotsu (romanization)
kenkafukotu (romanization)
けんかふこつ (hiragana historical)

[kẽ̞ŋko̞ːko̞t͡sɨᵝ]

Probably from written Chinese 肩胛骨 (jiānjiǎgǔ). The original sense in Chinese is unclear; it may have been shoulder blade, scapula, or it may have been more generally just shoulder bone.
First cited in Japanese in a medical dictionary from 1872.

肩甲

shoulder armor, such as a spaulder or pauldron


膝の皿

膝の皿 (canonical)
hiza no sara (romanization)

Compound of 膝 (hiza, “knee”) + の (no, possessive particle: 's) + 皿 (sara, “dish, plate”), from the shape of the bone.

compound

possessive particle: <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">'s</i>

膝の皿から火が出る: → To be extremely down and out

膝の皿に火が付く: → To be extremely down and out


ウインク

ウインクもうひと押しね

1985, “殿方ごめん遊ばせ”, 阿木燿子 (lyrics), performed by 南翔子

ウインクの意味を理解しろよなァ。

1996 February 20 [1988 February 15], Mitsuru Adachi, “テイク・オフ [Take Off]”, in SHORT PROGRAM (SHORT PROGRAM) [Short Program], 25th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 103


食物繊維

ja-noun

食(しょく)物(もつ)繊(せん)維(い) • (shokumotsu sen'i)

食物繊維 (canonical)
shokumotsu sen'i (romanization)

[ɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝmo̞t͡sɨᵝsẽ̞ɰ̃i]

Compound of 食物 (shokumotsu, “food”) + 繊維 (sen'i, “fiber”).


食物連鎖

ja-noun

食(しょく)物(もつ)連(れん)鎖(さ) • (shokumotsu rensa)

食物連鎖 (canonical)
shokumotsu rensa (romanization)

[ɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝmo̞t͡sɨᵝ ɾẽ̞ɰ̃sa̠]

食物 (shokumotsu, “foodstuff”) + 連鎖 (rensa, “chain”)


膝皿

Compound of 膝 (hiza, “knee”) + 皿 (sara, “plate”), from the shape of the bone.
Also encountered with the reading hizazara. The sara changes to zara as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:松村明


不可視

Compound of 不(ふ) (fu-, “non-, in-”) + 可(か)視(し) (kashi, “visibility”).

com-ja

(physics, optics) invisible, unable to be seen

見えざる: classical negative attributive of 見える


膝蓋骨

膝蓋骨 (canonical)
shitsugaikotsu (romanization)

Compound of 膝蓋 (shitsugai, literally “knee + lid, cap”) + 骨 (kotsu, “bone”). First cited to a medical terminology list from 1872.

compound

Daijisen
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Patella
ja:松村明
ja:膝蓋骨


ふかし

不可視: (physics, optics) invisible, unable to be seen


マント

Borrowed from French manteau (“a cloak, a mantle”).

bor+

その中にハンバーガーを持っていた方がいて…その方を止めようとした時に運悪くケチャップが手についてしまい…そのケチャップ塗れの手でつかんだんですよ！キッドが展示台から消える時に逃げられまいと彼のマントを！

2008 April 8, Gosho Aoyama, “ＦＩＬＥ.２ 瞬間移動 [FILE.2 Teleportation]”, in 名探偵コナン (名探偵コナン) [Legendary Detective Conan], volume 61 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 13

One of them was holding a hamburger… And I unfortunately got some ketchup on my hand when I tried to block him… And then I grabbed Kid’s cape with that ketchup-covered hand to keep him from escaping when he was about to vanish from the exhibition stand!

Sono naka ni hanbāgā o motte ita kata ga ite… Sono kata o tomeyō to shita toki ni un waruku kechappu ga te ni tsuite shimai… Sono kechappu mamire no te de tsukanda n desu yo! Kiddo ga tenjidai kara kieru toki ni nigeraremai to kare no manto o!

a kind of loose cloak, similar to a sleeveless overcoat; (shorter in length) a cape, a capelet


軍団

[ɡɯ̟̃ᵝndã̠ɴ]


平衡

平衡 (canonical)
heikō (romanization)
feikau (romanization)
へいかう (hiragana historical)


平衡

平衡する (canonical)
heikō suru (romanization)
feikau (romanization)
平衡し (stem)
平衡した (past)
平衡し
へいこうし
heikō shi
平衡する
へいこうする
heikō suru
平衡すれ
へいこうすれ
heikō sure
平衡せよ (imperative literary)
平衡しろ (colloquial imperative)
へいこうせよ (imperative literary)
へいこうしろ (colloquial imperative)
heikō seyo (imperative literary)
heikō shiro (colloquial imperative)
平衡される (passive)
へいこうされる (passive)
heikō sareru (passive)
平衡させる (causative)
平衡さす (causative)
へいこうさせる (causative)
へいこうさす (causative)
heikō saseru (causative)
heikō sasu (causative)
平衡できる (potential)
へいこうできる (potential)
heikō dekiru (potential)
平衡しよう (volitional)
へいこうしよう (volitional)
heikō shiyō (volitional)
平衡しない (negative)
へいこうしない (negative)
heikō shinai (negative)
平衡せず (continuative negative)
へいこうせず (continuative negative)
heikō sezu (continuative negative)
平衡します (formal)
へいこうします (formal)
heikō shimasu (formal)
平衡した (perfective)
へいこうした (perfective)
heikō shita (perfective)
平衡して (conjunctive)
へいこうして (conjunctive)
heikō shite (conjunctive)
平衡すれば (conditional hypothetical)
へいこうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
heikō sureba (conditional hypothetical)


膝頭

膝頭 (canonical)
hizagashira (romanization)

Compound of 膝 (hiza, “knee”) + 頭 (kashira, “head; top, tip”). The kashira changes to gashira as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

compound

膝頭で江戸へ行く: → To rush into something without taking time to prepare

and consequently work harder and get less done in the process

one cannot get through Hakone (Pass) on one's knees

膝頭で箱根は越されぬ: → To rush into something without taking time to prepare

Coordinate term: 膕 (hikagami, “the back of the knee”)


ルナ

(Roman mythology) The goddess of the Moon, Luna.


ブルマー

[bɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝma̠ː]

From English bloomer (attributive of bloomers). Compare also パジャマ (pajama, “pajamas”), ブリーフ (burīfu, “briefs”), パンティー (pantī, “panties”) and other words for garments that derive from the attributive (singular) forms of the English etyma, in contrast with some cases such as パンツ (pantsu, “pants”), トランクス (torankusu, literally “trunks”), etc.

bor

attributive of <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">bloomers</i>


振動

振動する (canonical)
shindō suru (romanization)
振動し (stem)
振動した (past)
振動し
しんどうし
shindō shi
振動する
しんどうする
shindō suru
振動すれ
しんどうすれ
shindō sure
振動せよ (imperative literary)
振動しろ (colloquial imperative)
しんどうせよ (imperative literary)
しんどうしろ (colloquial imperative)
shindō seyo (imperative literary)
shindō shiro (colloquial imperative)
振動される (passive)
しんどうされる (passive)
shindō sareru (passive)
振動させる (causative)
振動さす (causative)
しんどうさせる (causative)
しんどうさす (causative)
shindō saseru (causative)
shindō sasu (causative)
振動できる (potential)
しんどうできる (potential)
shindō dekiru (potential)
振動しよう (volitional)
しんどうしよう (volitional)
shindō shiyō (volitional)
振動しない (negative)
しんどうしない (negative)
shindō shinai (negative)
振動せず (continuative negative)
しんどうせず (continuative negative)
shindō sezu (continuative negative)
振動します (formal)
しんどうします (formal)
shindō shimasu (formal)
振動した (perfective)
しんどうした (perfective)
shindō shita (perfective)
振動して (conjunctive)
しんどうして (conjunctive)
shindō shite (conjunctive)
振動すれば (conditional hypothetical)
しんどうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
shindō sureba (conditional hypothetical)


大砲

大砲 (canonical)
taihō (romanization)
taifau (romanization)
たいはう (hiragana historical)


證明

證明する (canonical)
shōmei suru (romanization)
證明し (stem)
證明した (past)
證明し
しょうめいし
shōmei shi
證明する
しょうめいする
shōmei suru
證明すれ
しょうめいすれ
shōmei sure
證明せよ (imperative literary)
證明しろ (colloquial imperative)
しょうめいせよ (imperative literary)
しょうめいしろ (colloquial imperative)
shōmei seyo (imperative literary)
shōmei shiro (colloquial imperative)
證明される (passive)
しょうめいされる (passive)
shōmei sareru (passive)
證明させる (causative)
證明さす (causative)
しょうめいさせる (causative)
しょうめいさす (causative)
shōmei saseru (causative)
shōmei sasu (causative)
證明できる (potential)
しょうめいできる (potential)
shōmei dekiru (potential)
證明しよう (volitional)
しょうめいしよう (volitional)
shōmei shiyō (volitional)
證明しない (negative)
しょうめいしない (negative)
shōmei shinai (negative)
證明せず (continuative negative)
しょうめいせず (continuative negative)
shōmei sezu (continuative negative)
證明します (formal)
しょうめいします (formal)
shōmei shimasu (formal)
證明した (perfective)
しょうめいした (perfective)
shōmei shita (perfective)
證明して (conjunctive)
しょうめいして (conjunctive)
shōmei shite (conjunctive)
證明すれば (conditional hypothetical)
しょうめいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
shōmei sureba (conditional hypothetical)


ディアーナ

ja-pos

ディアーナ • (Diāna)

神

ローマ神話のオリュンポス十二神 (Rōma shinwa no Oryunposu jūnishin)


砲丸投

砲丸投 (canonical)
hōgannage (romanization)

compound

砲丸 (hōgan, “cannonball”) + 投 (nage, “throw”)


神楽女

An unmarried woman who serves at a Shintō shrine, helping to receive visitors and performing 神楽 (kagura) dances at ceremonies, among other responsibilities.

An unmarried woman who serves a deity as a medium to convey oracles.


灯籠

ja-noun

灯(とう)籠(ろう) • (tōrō)

a type of outdoor lantern for lighting shrines and temples

Traditional lighting equipment of Japan#Tōrō


御籠もり

御籠もり (canonical)
o-komori (romanization)

From 御 (o-, honorific prefix) + 籠もり (komori, “shutting oneself, secluding oneself”).

prefix

(Shinto, Buddhism, polite) a retirement for prayer to a kami or buddha


御籠もり

御籠もりする (canonical)
o-komori suru (romanization)
御籠もりし (stem)
御籠もりした (past)

(Shinto, Buddhism, polite) to retire and pray


蜜月

蜜月 (canonical)
mitsugetsu (romanization)

[mʲit͡sɨᵝɡe̞t͡sɨᵝ]

Compound of 蜜 (mitsu, “honey”) + 月 (getsu, “moon, month”), calque of English honeymoon.
First cited to 1903.

compound

a honeymoon (period of time immediately following a marriage)

新婚旅行

新婚旅行 しんこんりょこう


カジノ

From French casino, from Italian casino.


神楽

[ka̠ɡɯ̟ᵝɾa̠]

/kamu kura/ → /kankura/ → /kaŋɡura/ → /kaɡura/
From Old Japanese.
Originally a compound of 神 (kamu, “spirit, god”, combining form) + 座 (kura, “seat”). The kura changes to gura as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The original compound referred to the place used to call down the 神 (kami, “spirits and gods”) to earth, when a 巫女 (miko, “shrine maiden”) would act as a medium for the kami. Over time, the term came to refer to the music and dance of the ceremony. The use of the 楽 character here is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), reflecting the change in meaning.

roughly

Kagura Uta: Juggling to Entertain the Gods

also known as Yamada Yama and site of Yamada Jinja

神楽月

alternate name for the eleventh lunar month

神楽坂

a place in the east of Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo

神楽笹: alternate for 阿亀笹

Shibataea kumasaca, a type of short leafy bamboo

or for 唐竹蘭

a type of orchid, probably the Yunnanese spring orchid, Cymbidium goeringii subsp. goeringii var. forrestii

red-light district euphemism for hairiness

神楽舎

the roofed stage at a shrine or imperial palace for performing kagura

神楽巫女, 神楽神子

a woman, generally unmarried, who performs kagura

神楽銭

money received in thanks for a kagura performance

神楽草: alternate name for 狐の孫

Justicia procumbens, also known as water willow

神楽太鼓

large taiko drum used in kagura performances

(Shinto) sacred dancing and music performed at Shintō ceremonies, often by miko, to honor Shintō spirits and gods


神楽

[ka̠ɡɯ̟ᵝɾa̠]


和える

ja-verb

和(あ)える • (aeru) ^(←あへる (aferu)?)transitive ichidan (stem 和(あ)え (ae), past 和(あ)えた (aeta))

和える (canonical)
aeru (romanization)
aferu (romanization)
和え (stem)
和えた (past)
和え
あえ
ae
和える
あえる
aeru
和えれ
あえれ
aere
和えよ (imperative literary)
和えろ (colloquial imperative)
あえよ (imperative literary)
あえろ (colloquial imperative)
aeyo (imperative literary)
aero (colloquial imperative)
和えられる (passive)
あえられる (passive)
aerareru (passive)
和えさせる (causative)
和えさす (causative)
あえさせる (causative)
あえさす (causative)
aesaseru (causative)
aesasu (causative)
和えられる (potential)
和えれる (colloquial potential)
あえられる (potential)
あえれる (colloquial potential)
aerareru (potential)
aereru (colloquial potential)
和えよう (volitional)
あえよう (volitional)
aeyō (volitional)
和えない (negative)
和えぬ (negative)
和えん (negative)
あえない (negative)
あえぬ (negative)
あえん (negative)
aenai (negative)
aenu (negative)
aen (negative)
和えず (continuative negative)
あえず (continuative negative)
aezu (continuative negative)
和えます (formal)
あえます (formal)
aemasu (formal)
和えた (perfective)
あえた (perfective)
aeta (perfective)
和えて (conjunctive)
あえて (conjunctive)
aete (conjunctive)
和えれば (conditional hypothetical)
あえれば (conditional hypothetical)
aereba (conditional hypothetical)

青菜をゴマで和える

2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú)

冬瓜の湯煮たのを胡麻酢で和えてもようございますし、葛をかけて葛掛けにしても食べられます

1903, 村井弦斎, 食道楽 秋の巻, 青空文庫

You can dress boiled wax gourds with sesame vinegar, and you can also cover them in kudzu and eat them as a kudzu sauce dish.

Tōgan no yudeta no o gomazu de aete mo yō gozaimasu shi, kuzu o kakete kuzukake ni shite mo taberaremasu


うわん

うわん (canonical)
ウワン (canonical)
uwan (romanization)

Onomatopoeia for the sound of the wail or shout purportedly made by the spirit.


旦那

From Middle Chinese 旦那 (MC tanH na), 檀那 (MC dan na), both used as transliterations of Sanskrit दान (dā́na, “generosity, giving, donating”). Ultimately cognate with English donate and donor, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃nom.

旦那芸

an art or cultural pursuit studied by someone who is well-to-do as a means of passing the time

旦那寺

a Buddhist temple supported by a household that has convert to Buddhism

to find a patron → generally refers to a geisha

other female finding a male to look after their needs

danna no ikkibataraki wa oni mo kanawanu

not even the devil can match the master for getting down to hard work

旦那の一気働きは鬼も叶わぬ: → someone who rarely has to get involved in actual work will work very hard when they have to roll up their sleeves and do it themselves

fights between masters start from the guardsmen

旦那の喧嘩は槍持ちから: → disputes between the powerful often arise from minor disputes among their employees

followers: petty foibles can lead to big battles

旦那の好きな赤烏帽子: → 烏帽子 are traditionally black

so a red eboshi indicates someone willing to go against tradition: no matter how strange

(better) in front of a pot than in front of a master

旦那の前より釜の前: → it is better to be one's own master

five hundred for me" → people generally think of their own benefit more than the benefit of their masters

पारमिता पारमिता#Sanskrit

(Buddhism) generosity as one of the Buddhist perfections (पारमिता (pāramitā))

(Buddhism) a donation of money, goods, or service to monks or a temple

(Buddhism) a person who makes such a donation: a patron


塩茹で

塩茹でする (canonical)
shioyude suru (romanization)
塩茹でし (stem)
塩茹でした (past)
塩茹でし
しおゆでし
shioyude shi
塩茹でする
しおゆでする
shioyude suru
塩茹ですれ
しおゆですれ
shioyude sure
塩茹でせよ (imperative literary)
塩茹でしろ (colloquial imperative)
しおゆでせよ (imperative literary)
しおゆでしろ (colloquial imperative)
shioyude seyo (imperative literary)
shioyude shiro (colloquial imperative)
塩茹でされる (passive)
しおゆでされる (passive)
shioyude sareru (passive)
塩茹でさせる (causative)
塩茹でさす (causative)
しおゆでさせる (causative)
しおゆでさす (causative)
shioyude saseru (causative)
shioyude sasu (causative)
塩茹でできる (potential)
しおゆでできる (potential)
shioyude dekiru (potential)
塩茹でしよう (volitional)
しおゆでしよう (volitional)
shioyude shiyō (volitional)
塩茹でしない (negative)
しおゆでしない (negative)
shioyude shinai (negative)
塩茹でせず (continuative negative)
しおゆでせず (continuative negative)
shioyude sezu (continuative negative)
塩茹でします (formal)
しおゆでします (formal)
shioyude shimasu (formal)
塩茹でした (perfective)
しおゆでした (perfective)
shioyude shita (perfective)
塩茹でして (conjunctive)
しおゆでして (conjunctive)
shioyude shite (conjunctive)
塩茹ですれば (conditional hypothetical)
しおゆですれば (conditional hypothetical)
shioyude sureba (conditional hypothetical)

あとはそのまま塩茹でしてザルにあげます。

After that, put them into a strainer as they are.

Ato wa sonomama shioyude shite zaru ni agemasu.


投資家

投(とう)資(し) (tōshi, “investing”) + 家(か) (-ka, “specialist”)


臙脂

dark red; cochineal red or rouge (color)


フェイスブック

[ɸe̞ːsɨ̥ᵝbɯ̟ᵝk̚kɯ̟ᵝ]


偶数

ja-noun

偶(ぐう)数(すう) • (gūsū)


双数

双数 (canonical)
sōsū (romanization)
sausuu (romanization)
さうすう (hiragana historical)


嗜好品

luxury grocery item, something consumed for taste or stimulant effect rather than nourishment (e.g. alcohol, tobacco, coffee), indulgence.


偏頭痛

偏(へん)頭(ず)痛(つう) • (henzutsū) ^(←へんづつう (fendutuu)?)

偏頭痛 (canonical)
henzutsū (romanization)
fendutuu (romanization)
へんづつう (hiragana historical)

[hẽ̞nd͡zɨᵝt͡sɨᵝː]

From 偏 (hen-, “side”) + 頭痛 (zutsū, “headache”).


にゃん

にゃん (canonical)
ニャン (canonical)
nyan (romanization)


家茂

Unclear. The mochi reading for 茂 is irregular. The kanji spelling may be ateji for 家持ち (iemochi, “homeowner”). Alternatively, the reading of the second character may be a shift from 茂し (moshi, “lush, luxuriant, flourishing”, obsolete adjective).


けろ

けろ (canonical)
ケロ (canonical)
kero (romanization)


ほっせ

法施: (Buddhism) a type of 旦那 (danna, “dāna, Buddhist donations and charity work”): preaching about Buddhism; reading or chanting the sutras aloud


伊邪那美命

ja-pos

伊邪那美命(いざなみ) or 伊邪那美命(イザナミ) • (Izanami)

伊邪那美命 (canonical)
伊邪那美命 (canonical)
Izanami (romanization)

(Shinto): Izanami, the Japanese creator goddess; the wife of Izanagi.


伊弉冉尊

伊(い)弉(ざ)冉(な)尊(み) or 伊弉冉尊(イザナミ) • (Izanami)

伊弉冉尊 (canonical)
伊弉冉尊 (canonical)
Izanami (romanization)

(Shinto) Izanami, the Japanese creator goddess; the wife of Izanagi.


精密化学品

精密化学品 (canonical)
seimitsukagakuhin (romanization)


イン

From English in (preposition).
First cited to a text by Tōson Shimazaki from 1906 in the sense “inside”.

(golf) the back nine; the last nine holes of an 18-hole golf course


イン

ja:イン (宿泊施設)

清潔でおちついた旅の宿プチペンション。リゾートホテル感覚で優雅な時を楽しむリゾートイン。

1988 March, JTB Travel, “Puchi penshon to rizōto inn [Small pensions and resort inns]”, in Jikokuhyō fukkokuban

Clean and relaxing travel lodging in small pensions. Resort inns where you can enjoy the refined elegance of a resort hotel.

Seiketsu de ochitsuita tabi no yado puchi penshon. Rizōto hoteru kankaku de yūga na toki o tanoshimu rizōto in.

インは、滞在する旅行者に食事を出したが、客は、食事が出された時に、出された物を食べなければならなかった。

2002, Noritake Kanzaki, Tabi to shoku [Travel and food], page 248

Inns served meals to overnight guests, but guests were obliged at mealtimes to accept whatever food was offered.

In wa, taizai suru ryokōsha ni shokuji o dashita ga, kyaku wa, shokuji ga dasareta toki ni, dasareta mono o tabenakereba naranakatta.


君主制

君主制 (canonical)
kunshusei (romanization)

[kɯ̟̃ᵝɰ̃ɕɨ̥ᵝse̞ː]

君主 (kunshu, “monarch”) + 制 (-sei, “system”)

suf

monarchy (form of government with a hereditary head of state)


フローチャート

ja-noun

フローチャート • (furō chāto)

[ɸɯ̟ᵝɾo̞ː t͡ɕa̠ːto̞]


グリコーゲン

[ɡɯ̟ᵝɾʲiko̞ːɡẽ̞ɴ]


夜遊び

夜遊びする (canonical)
yoasobi suru (romanization)
夜遊びし (stem)
夜遊びした (past)
夜遊びし
よあそびし
yoasobi shi
夜遊びする
よあそびする
yoasobi suru
夜遊びすれ
よあそびすれ
yoasobi sure
夜遊びせよ (imperative literary)
夜遊びしろ (colloquial imperative)
よあそびせよ (imperative literary)
よあそびしろ (colloquial imperative)
yoasobi seyo (imperative literary)
yoasobi shiro (colloquial imperative)
夜遊びされる (passive)
よあそびされる (passive)
yoasobi sareru (passive)
夜遊びさせる (causative)
夜遊びさす (causative)
よあそびさせる (causative)
よあそびさす (causative)
yoasobi saseru (causative)
yoasobi sasu (causative)
夜遊びできる (potential)
よあそびできる (potential)
yoasobi dekiru (potential)
夜遊びしよう (volitional)
よあそびしよう (volitional)
yoasobi shiyō (volitional)
夜遊びしない (negative)
よあそびしない (negative)
yoasobi shinai (negative)
夜遊びせず (continuative negative)
よあそびせず (continuative negative)
yoasobi sezu (continuative negative)
夜遊びします (formal)
よあそびします (formal)
yoasobi shimasu (formal)
夜遊びした (perfective)
よあそびした (perfective)
yoasobi shita (perfective)
夜遊びして (conjunctive)
よあそびして (conjunctive)
yoasobi shite (conjunctive)
夜遊びすれば (conditional hypothetical)
よあそびすれば (conditional hypothetical)
yoasobi sureba (conditional hypothetical)


木花開耶姫

ja-pos

木花開耶姫(このはなのさくやひめ) or 木花開耶姫(このはなのさくやびめ) • (Konohananosakuya-Hime or Konohananosakuya-Bime)

木花開耶姫 (canonical)
木花開耶姫 (canonical)
Konohananosakuya-Hime (romanization)
Konohananosakuya-Bime (romanization)

From Old Japanese. Mentioned in the Kojiki of 712 and the Nihon Shoki of 720.
Compound of 木 (ko, “tree”, ancient combining form) + の (no, possessive particle) + 花 (hana, “flower”) + 咲く (saku, “to bloom”) + や (ya, unclear, possibly the ya used to form classical -na adjectives referring to the perception of a state) + 姫 (hime, “princess”).
Also encountered with a shifted reading, wherein the hime changes to bime as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

compound

(Shinto, Japanese mythology) the goddess of Mount Fuji, the blossom-princess and symbol of delicate earthly life

Kojiki
Konohanasakuya-hime
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki
ja:木花開耶姫


大黒

(Shinto, たいこく) Daikokuten, Japanese name for the Hindu god Mahākāla

恵比須

god of fishers or merchants, often depicted carrying a sea bream.

布袋

the fat and happy god of abundance and good health.

弁才天

The Japanese name for the Hindu goddess Saraswati. The goddess of knowledge, art, beauty, music, language, wisdom, poetry and rivers.

吉祥天

the goddess of happiness, charm and beauty, of fertility, nature, and of human creativity, and the patronesses of joy, amusement and festivities.


桜餅

桜餅 (canonical)
sakura mochi (romanization)

Compound of 桜 (sakura, “cherry blossom”) + 餅 (mochi, “rice cake”).

sakura mochi: mochi flavored with pickled sakura blossoms, and with an 餡 (an, “sweet bean paste”) filling; traditionally served for 雛祭り (Hinamatsuri, “Girls' Day”) on 3 March


法施

法施 (canonical)
法施 (canonical)
hōse (romanization)
hosse (romanization)

(Buddhism) a type of 旦那 (danna, “dāna, Buddhist donations and charity work”): preaching about Buddhism


毘沙門

[bʲiɕa̠mõ̞ɴ]

(Shinto) Bishamonten, Japanese name for the Hindu god Vaiśravaṇa

大黒

the god of wealth, commerce and trade. Ebisu and Daikoku are often paired and represented as carvings or masks on the walls of small retail shops.


寿老人

(Shinto) Jurōjin, Japanese god of longevity


布袋

(Shinto) Hotei, Budai, the fat and happy god of abundance and good health

弁財天: the Japanese name for the Hindu goddess Saraswati

吉祥天

the goddess of happiness, charm and beauty, of fertility, nature, and of human creativity, and the patronesses of joy, amusement and festivities

毘沙門天

毘沙門天 びしゃもんてん

大黒, 大黒天

the god of wealth, commerce and trade. Ebisu and Daikoku are often paired and represented as carvings or masks on the walls of small retail shops


逝去

逝去する (canonical)
seikyo suru (romanization)
逝去し (stem)
逝去した (past)
逝去し
せいきょし
seikyo shi
逝去する
せいきょする
seikyo suru
逝去すれ
せいきょすれ
seikyo sure
逝去せよ (imperative literary)
逝去しろ (colloquial imperative)
せいきょせよ (imperative literary)
せいきょしろ (colloquial imperative)
seikyo seyo (imperative literary)
seikyo shiro (colloquial imperative)
逝去される (passive)
せいきょされる (passive)
seikyo sareru (passive)
逝去させる (causative)
逝去さす (causative)
せいきょさせる (causative)
せいきょさす (causative)
seikyo saseru (causative)
seikyo sasu (causative)
逝去できる (potential)
せいきょできる (potential)
seikyo dekiru (potential)
逝去しよう (volitional)
せいきょしよう (volitional)
seikyo shiyō (volitional)
逝去しない (negative)
せいきょしない (negative)
seikyo shinai (negative)
逝去せず (continuative negative)
せいきょせず (continuative negative)
seikyo sezu (continuative negative)
逝去します (formal)
せいきょします (formal)
seikyo shimasu (formal)
逝去した (perfective)
せいきょした (perfective)
seikyo shita (perfective)
逝去して (conjunctive)
せいきょして (conjunctive)
seikyo shite (conjunctive)
逝去すれば (conditional hypothetical)
せいきょすれば (conditional hypothetical)
seikyo sureba (conditional hypothetical)

社長は昨日ご逝去されました。


恵比須

ja-pos

恵(え)比(び)須(す) • (Ebisu) ^(←ゑびす (webisu)?)

恵比須 (canonical)
Ebisu (romanization)
webisu (romanization)
ゑびす (hiragana historical)

(Shinto, Japanese mythology) Ebisu, the Japanese god of fishermen, commerce and merchants, and workingmen, as well as the guardian of the health and well-being of small children

福禄寿

the god of happiness, wealth and longevity

毘沙門, 毘沙門天

毘沙門天 びしゃもんてん

布袋

the fat and happy god of abundance and good health

弁才天

Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge, art, beauty, music, language, wisdom, poetry and rivers

地蔵

bodhisattva who looks over children and travelers


悲しみ

悲しみ (canonical)
kanashimi (romanization)

From the 連用形(れんようけい) (ren'yōkei, “stem of continuative form”) of 悲(かな)しむ (kanashimu).


盆地

盆地 (canonical)
bonchi (romanization)
bonti (romanization)
ぼんち (hiragana historical)


ユーロピウム

[jɯ̟ᵝːɾo̞pʲiɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]


いたちごっこ

ja-noun

いたちごっこ • (itachi-gokko) ^(←いたちごつこ (itatigotuko)?)

itachi-gokko (romanization)
itatigotuko (romanization)
いたちごつこ (hiragana historical)

Of 鼬(いたち) (itachi, “weasel”) + ごっこ (-gokko, “make-believe, playing”). The game is attested from the early 19th century, with the figurative use from the 1870s. The figurative sense likely derives from the fact that the game involves repeating the same action, with no set end.

ja-compound

(figuratively) doing the same thing again and again with no progress


夭折

ja-noun

夭(よう)折(せつ) • (yōsetsu) ^(←えうせつ (eusetu)?)

夭折 (canonical)
yōsetsu (romanization)
eusetu (romanization)
えうせつ (hiragana historical)

*/euset/ → /eusetu/ → /joːset͡su/
From Middle Chinese 夭折 (MC 'jewX tsyet, literally “die young + die young”).
First cited to a text from 756 CE.

ltc-l

(literary) a premature death, dying while still young


昨夏

昨夏 (canonical)
sakka (romanization)
sakuka (romanization)
さくか (hiragana historical)


浸食

浸食する (canonical)
shinshoku suru (romanization)
浸食し (stem)
浸食した (past)


初恋

ja-noun

初(はつ)恋(こい) • (hatsukoi) ^(←はつこひ (fatukofi)?)

初恋 (canonical)
hatsukoi (romanization)
fatukofi (romanization)
はつこひ (hiragana historical)

小宮慶子。小・中学校と一緒だが、同じクラスになったのは一度だけ——足のキズを見るたびに思い出す、初恋の女の子である。
Komiya Keiko. Shō chūgakkō to issho da ga, onaji kurasu ni natta no wa ichido dake—— ashi no kizu o miru tabi ni omoidasu, hatsukoi no onna no ko de aru.

1996 July 15, Mitsuru Adachi, “途中下車 [Stopover]”, in SHORT PROGRAM (SHORT PROGRAM) [Short Program], volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 100

Keiko Komiya. Once just a classmate of mine in elementary and middle school—who now, whenever I look at the wound in my leg, reminds me of my first love.


連立政権

連(れん)立(りつ)政(せい)権(けん) • (renritsu seiken)

連立政権 (canonical)
renritsu seiken (romanization)

[ɾẽ̞nɾʲit͡sɨᵝ se̞ːkẽ̞ɴ]

Compound of 連(れん)立(りつ) (renritsu, “coalition”) + 政(せい)権(けん) (seiken, “administration, government”).


展開

(computing) decompression of a compressed file


展開

展開する (canonical)
tenkai suru (romanization)
展開し (stem)
展開した (past)
展開し
てんかいし
tenkai shi
展開する
てんかいする
tenkai suru
展開すれ
てんかいすれ
tenkai sure
展開せよ (imperative literary)
展開しろ (colloquial imperative)
てんかいせよ (imperative literary)
てんかいしろ (colloquial imperative)
tenkai seyo (imperative literary)
tenkai shiro (colloquial imperative)
展開される (passive)
てんかいされる (passive)
tenkai sareru (passive)
展開させる (causative)
展開さす (causative)
てんかいさせる (causative)
てんかいさす (causative)
tenkai saseru (causative)
tenkai sasu (causative)
展開できる (potential)
てんかいできる (potential)
tenkai dekiru (potential)
展開しよう (volitional)
てんかいしよう (volitional)
tenkai shiyō (volitional)
展開しない (negative)
てんかいしない (negative)
tenkai shinai (negative)
展開せず (continuative negative)
てんかいせず (continuative negative)
tenkai sezu (continuative negative)
展開します (formal)
てんかいします (formal)
tenkai shimasu (formal)
展開した (perfective)
てんかいした (perfective)
tenkai shita (perfective)
展開して (conjunctive)
てんかいして (conjunctive)
tenkai shite (conjunctive)
展開すれば (conditional hypothetical)
てんかいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
tenkai sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(computing) decompress a compressed file


行き止まり

行き止まり (canonical)
ikidomari (romanization)

Compound of 行き (iki, “going”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 行く (iku, “to go”)) + 止まり (tomari, “stopping”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 止まる (tomaru, “to stop”)). The tomari changes to domari as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
As a noun, first cited to a text from 1686.


蜂蜜色

蜂蜜色 (canonical)
hachimitsuiro (romanization)

蜂蜜 (hachimitsu, “honey”) + 色 (iro, “color”)


軟弱

ja-adj

軟(なん)弱(じゃく) • (nanjaku) ^(←なんじやく (nanzyaku)?)-na (adnominal 軟(なん)弱(じゃく)な (nanjaku na), adverbial 軟(なん)弱(じゃく)に (nanjaku ni))

軟弱 (canonical)
nanjaku (romanization)
nanzyaku (romanization)
軟弱な (adnominal)
軟弱に (adverbial)
軟弱だろ (imperfective stem)
なんじゃくだろ (imperfective stem)
nanjaku daro (imperfective)
軟弱で (continuative stem)
なんじゃくで (continuative stem)
nanjaku de (continuative)
軟弱だ (stem terminative)
なんじゃくだ (stem terminative)
nanjaku da (terminative)
軟弱な (attributive stem)
なんじゃくな (attributive stem)
nanjaku na (attributive)
軟弱なら (hypothetical stem)
なんじゃくなら (hypothetical stem)
nanjaku nara (hypothetical)
軟弱であれ (imperative stem)
なんじゃくであれ (imperative stem)
nanjaku de are (imperative)
軟弱ではない (informal negative)
軟弱じゃない (informal negative)
なんじゃくではない (informal negative)
なんじゃくじゃない (informal negative)
nanjaku de wa nai (informal negative)
nanjaku ja nai (informal negative)
軟弱だった (informal past)
なんじゃくだった (informal past)
nanjaku datta (informal past)
軟弱ではなかった (informal negative past)
軟弱じゃなかった (informal negative past)
なんじゃくではなかった (informal negative past)
なんじゃくじゃなかった (informal negative past)
nanjaku de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
nanjaku ja nakatta (informal negative past)
軟弱です (formal)
なんじゃくです (formal)
nanjaku desu (formal)
軟弱ではありません (formal negative)
軟弱じゃありません (formal negative)
なんじゃくではありません (formal negative)
なんじゃくじゃありません (formal negative)
nanjaku de wa arimasen (formal negative)
nanjaku ja arimasen (formal negative)
軟弱でした (formal past)
なんじゃくでした (formal past)
nanjaku deshita (formal past)
軟弱ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
軟弱じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
なんじゃくではありませんでした (formal negative past)
なんじゃくじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
nanjaku de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
nanjaku ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
軟弱で (conjunctive)
なんじゃくで (conjunctive)
nanjaku de (conjunctive)
軟弱なら（ば） (conditional)
なんじゃくなら（ば） (conditional)
nanjaku nara (ba) (conditional)
軟弱だったら (conditional past)
なんじゃくだったら (conditional past)
nanjaku dattara (conditional past)
軟弱だろう (volitional)
なんじゃくだろう (volitional)
nanjaku darō (volitional)
軟弱に (adverbial)
なんじゃくに (adverbial)
nanjaku ni (adverbial)
軟弱さ (noun-from-adj)
なんじゃくさ (noun-from-adj)
nanjakusa (noun-from-adj)
軟弱なら (irrealis stem)
なんじゃくなら (irrealis stem)
nanzyakunara (irrealis)
軟弱に (continuative stem)
軟弱なり (continuative stem)
なんじゃくに (continuative stem)
なんじゃくなり (continuative stem)
nanzyakuni (continuative)
nanzyakunari (continuative)
軟弱なり (stem terminative)
なんじゃくなり (stem terminative)
nanzyakunari (terminative)
軟弱なる (attributive stem)
なんじゃくなる (attributive stem)
nanzyakunaru (attributive)
軟弱なれ (realis stem)
なんじゃくなれ (realis stem)
nanzyakunare (realis)
軟弱なれ (imperative stem)
なんじゃくなれ (imperative stem)
nanzyakunare (imperative)
軟弱ならず (negative)
なんじゃくならず (negative)
nanzyakunarazu (negative)
軟弱なれど (contrastive)
なんじゃくなれど (contrastive)
nanzyakunaredo (contrastive)
軟弱なれば (causative)
なんじゃくなれば (causative)
nanzyakunareba (causative)
軟弱ならば (conditional)
なんじゃくならば (conditional)
nanzyakunaraba (conditional)
軟弱なりき (past)
なんじゃくなりき (past)
nanzyakunariki (past)
軟弱なりけり (past)
なんじゃくなりけり (past)
nanzyakunarikeri (past)
軟弱に (adverbial)
なんじゃくに (adverbial)
nanzyakuni (adverbial)

ja-adj-infl

軟弱

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした

[nã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

市場が軟弱だ。


きゅういん

ja-noun

きゅういん • (kyūin)

吸引: suction; absorption; attraction, drawing in; (medicine) aspiration


きゅういん

きゅういんする (canonical)
kyūin suru (romanization)
きゅういんし (stem)
きゅういんした (past)

吸引: to suck in; to absorb; to attract, to draw in; (medicine) to aspirate


閉じる

ja-verb

閉(と)じる • (tojiru) ^(←とぢる (todiru)?)transitive or intransitive ichidan (stem 閉(と)じ (toji), past 閉(と)じた (tojita))

閉じる (canonical)
tojiru (romanization)
todiru (romanization)
閉じ (stem)
閉じた (past)
閉じ
とじ
toji
閉じる
とじる
tojiru
閉じれ
とじれ
tojire
閉じよ (imperative literary)
閉じろ (colloquial imperative)
とじよ (imperative literary)
とじろ (colloquial imperative)
tojiyo (imperative literary)
tojiro (colloquial imperative)
閉じられる (passive)
とじられる (passive)
tojirareru (passive)
閉じさせる (causative)
閉じさす (causative)
とじさせる (causative)
とじさす (causative)
tojisaseru (causative)
tojisasu (causative)
閉じられる (potential)
閉じれる (colloquial potential)
とじられる (potential)
とじれる (colloquial potential)
tojirareru (potential)
tojireru (colloquial potential)
閉じよう (volitional)
とじよう (volitional)
tojiyō (volitional)
閉じない (negative)
閉じぬ (negative)
閉じん (negative)
とじない (negative)
とじぬ (negative)
とじん (negative)
tojinai (negative)
tojinu (negative)
tojin (negative)
閉じず (continuative negative)
とじず (continuative negative)
tojizu (continuative negative)
閉じます (formal)
とじます (formal)
tojimasu (formal)
閉じた (perfective)
とじた (perfective)
tojita (perfective)
閉じて (conjunctive)
とじて (conjunctive)
tojite (conjunctive)
閉じれば (conditional hypothetical)
とじれば (conditional hypothetical)
tojireba (conditional hypothetical)

From Old Japanese. Derived from older form 閉(と)づ (tozu) via regular historical processes in the shift to the 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) pattern. Over time, the distinction between ぢ (dji) and じ (ji) was lost, leading to the modern spelling of とじる (tojiru).
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru. For the Old / Classical form, see the 閉づ entry.

(proofreading, orthography) to write a Japanese word using kanji


魚類学者

魚類学者 (canonical)
gyoruigakusha (romanization)

[ɡjo̞ɽɯᵝiŋäkɯ̥ᵝɕʲä]

Compound of 魚類 (gyorui, “fish, as a type of animal in biology”) + 学者 (gakusha, “scholar, -ologist”).


パワーバランス

(politics, government) power balance, balance of power


KWIC

[kɯ̟ᵝik̚kɯ̟ᵝ]


甲骨文

甲骨文 (canonical)
kōkotsubun (romanization)

[ko̞ːko̞t͡sɨᵝbɯ̟̃ᵝɴ]

Synonym of 甲骨文字 (kōkotsu moji, “oracle bone script”)


ガールズラブ

→ English: girls' love, GL

→ Chinese: GL

[ɡa̠ːɾɯ̟ᵝzɨᵝɾa̠bɯ̟ᵝ]

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from girls + love


すいぎん

水銀: (chemistry) mercury, Hg, quicksilver


セフレ

Short for セックスフレンド (sekkusu furendo), wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from sex + friend. Compare French sex friend.

friend with benefits
friend with benefits

(informal) friend with benefits, fuck buddy (friend as a casual sexual partner)


伊都

a female given name (see いと for the derivation)


アルキメデス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀρχιμήδης (Arkhimḗdēs)


乳頭

ja-noun

乳(にゅう)頭(とう) • (nyūtō)

[ɲ̟ɯ̟ᵝːto̞ː]


ほうしょう

ほうしょう • (hōshō)

報障: (Buddhism) one of the "Three Obstacles" in Buddhist thought: the obstacle of retribution, caused by negative karmic effects

ほっしょう ほっしょう#Japanese

法性: (usually read ほっしょう (hosshō)) (Buddhism) the essence or inherent nature of reality

法相: alternate for 法務大臣 (Hōmu Daijin): the Minister of Justice; (Buddhism) one's awareness or consciousness of reality

鳳笙: (music) an epithet for 笙 (shō, “the sho, a musical instrument”)


うばい

烏梅: (medicine) an unripe Japanese ume that has been smoked over a fire until black, used as a pigment and in traditional medicines

優婆夷: (Buddhism) an upāsikā, or a woman who is a devout lay practitioner of Buddhism (see the “Upāsaka and Upāsikā” article on Wikipedia)


海里

海里 (canonical)
海里 (canonical)
kairi (romanization)

Calque of English nautical mile, formed as a compound of 海 (kai, “sea, ocean”) + 里 (ri, “league, unit of distance”). First appears in 1872.
Also encountered in some historical texts with the kanji spelling 海哩, using the alternative 哩 (ri, “mile”) character.

compound

a nautical mile: the length of roughly one minute of latitude, 1,852 meters

ノット

a knot, a unit of speed equivalent to one nautical mile per hour


浮標

浮標 (canonical)
fuhyō (romanization)
fufeu (romanization)
ふへう (hiragana historical)


つうやく

通約: (mathematics) fractional reduction, reduction of a fraction to its lowest denominator


つうやく

つうやくする (canonical)
tsūyaku suru (romanization)
つうやくし (stem)
つうやくした (past)

通約: (mathematics) to reduce a fraction to its lowest denominator


青白い

ja-adj

青(あお)白(じろ)い • (aojiroi) -i (adverbial 青(あお)白(じろ)く (aojiroku))

青白い (canonical)
aojiroi (romanization)
青白く (adverbial)
青白かろ (imperfective stem)
あおじろかろ (imperfective stem)
aojirokaro (imperfective)
青白く (continuative stem)
あおじろく (continuative stem)
aojiroku (continuative)
青白い (stem terminative)
あおじろい (stem terminative)
aojiroi (terminative)
青白い (attributive stem)
あおじろい (attributive stem)
aojiroi (attributive)
青白けれ (hypothetical stem)
あおじろけれ (hypothetical stem)
aojirokere (hypothetical)
青白かれ (imperative stem)
あおじろかれ (imperative stem)
aojirokare (imperative)
青白くない (informal negative)
あおじろくない (informal negative)
aojiroku nai (informal negative)
青白かった (informal past)
あおじろかった (informal past)
aojirokatta (informal past)
青白くなかった (informal negative past)
あおじろくなかった (informal negative past)
aojiroku nakatta (informal negative past)
青白いです (formal)
あおじろいです (formal)
aojiroi desu (formal)
青白くないです (formal negative)
あおじろくないです (formal negative)
aojiroku nai desu (formal negative)
青白かったです (formal past)
あおじろかったです (formal past)
aojirokatta desu (formal past)
青白くなかったです (formal negative past)
あおじろくなかったです (formal negative past)
aojiroku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
青白くて (conjunctive)
あおじろくて (conjunctive)
aojirokute (conjunctive)
青白ければ (conditional)
あおじろければ (conditional)
aojirokereba (conditional)
青白かったら (conditional past)
あおじろかったら (conditional past)
aojirokattara (conditional past)
青白かろう (volitional)
あおじろかろう (volitional)
aojirokarō (volitional)
青白く (adverbial)
あおじろく (adverbial)
aojiroku (adverbial)
青白さ (noun-from-adj)
あおじろさ (noun-from-adj)
aojirosa (noun-from-adj)

青 (ao, “blue”) + 白い (shiroi, “white”). The shiroi changes to jiroi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


オーバーコート

ja-noun

オーバーコート • (ōbākōto)


圧縮

圧縮する (canonical)
asshuku suru (romanization)
圧縮し (stem)
圧縮した (past)
圧縮し
あっしゅくし
asshuku shi
圧縮する
あっしゅくする
asshuku suru
圧縮すれ
あっしゅくすれ
asshuku sure
圧縮せよ (imperative literary)
圧縮しろ (colloquial imperative)
あっしゅくせよ (imperative literary)
あっしゅくしろ (colloquial imperative)
asshuku seyo (imperative literary)
asshuku shiro (colloquial imperative)
圧縮される (passive)
あっしゅくされる (passive)
asshuku sareru (passive)
圧縮させる (causative)
圧縮さす (causative)
あっしゅくさせる (causative)
あっしゅくさす (causative)
asshuku saseru (causative)
asshuku sasu (causative)
圧縮できる (potential)
あっしゅくできる (potential)
asshuku dekiru (potential)
圧縮しよう (volitional)
あっしゅくしよう (volitional)
asshuku shiyō (volitional)
圧縮しない (negative)
あっしゅくしない (negative)
asshuku shinai (negative)
圧縮せず (continuative negative)
あっしゅくせず (continuative negative)
asshuku sezu (continuative negative)
圧縮します (formal)
あっしゅくします (formal)
asshuku shimasu (formal)
圧縮した (perfective)
あっしゅくした (perfective)
asshuku shita (perfective)
圧縮して (conjunctive)
あっしゅくして (conjunctive)
asshuku shite (conjunctive)
圧縮すれば (conditional hypothetical)
あっしゅくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
asshuku sureba (conditional hypothetical)


キャンパス

Borrowed from English campus. Doublet of キャンプ (kyanpu, “camp”).


通帳

通(つう)帳(ちょう) • (tsūchō)

[t͡sɨᵝːt͡ɕo̞ː]

通帳に記入する


乗車

ドアが閉まります。無理なご乗車はおやめください。

The doors are closing. Do not try to board the train.

Doa ga shimarimasu. Muri na go-jōsha wa o-yamekudasai.

getting on a train, bus, or getting in car; boarding


乗車

乗車する (canonical)
jōsha suru (romanization)
乗車し (stem)
乗車した (past)
乗車し
じょうしゃし
jōsha shi
乗車する
じょうしゃする
jōsha suru
乗車すれ
じょうしゃすれ
jōsha sure
乗車せよ (imperative literary)
乗車しろ (colloquial imperative)
じょうしゃせよ (imperative literary)
じょうしゃしろ (colloquial imperative)
jōsha seyo (imperative literary)
jōsha shiro (colloquial imperative)
乗車される (passive)
じょうしゃされる (passive)
jōsha sareru (passive)
乗車させる (causative)
乗車さす (causative)
じょうしゃさせる (causative)
じょうしゃさす (causative)
jōsha saseru (causative)
jōsha sasu (causative)
乗車できる (potential)
じょうしゃできる (potential)
jōsha dekiru (potential)
乗車しよう (volitional)
じょうしゃしよう (volitional)
jōsha shiyō (volitional)
乗車しない (negative)
じょうしゃしない (negative)
jōsha shinai (negative)
乗車せず (continuative negative)
じょうしゃせず (continuative negative)
jōsha sezu (continuative negative)
乗車します (formal)
じょうしゃします (formal)
jōsha shimasu (formal)
乗車した (perfective)
じょうしゃした (perfective)
jōsha shita (perfective)
乗車して (conjunctive)
じょうしゃして (conjunctive)
jōsha shite (conjunctive)
乗車すれば (conditional hypothetical)
じょうしゃすれば (conditional hypothetical)
jōsha sureba (conditional hypothetical)


確率

確(かく)率(りつ) • (kakuritsu) ^(←かくりつ (kakuritu)?)

確率 (canonical)
kakuritsu (romanization)
kakuritu (romanization)
かくりつ (hiragana historical)

[ka̠kɯ̟ᵝɾʲit͡sɨᵝ]

Coined by Matsumiya Tetsuo in 1908 as a translation of English probability.

宝くじが当たる確率は非常に低い。

The chances of winning the lottery are extremely low.

Takarakuji ga ataru kakuritsu wa hijō ni hikui.

確率知らない？たとえばサイコロをころがすね 思ったとおりの目が出る確率は⅙ 六回に一回ということだ 実験回数をふやすほどデータが多くなるほど確率は正確になる……はずなのだが……こまったことに例外がある 確率以上にサイの目を自由にする人間がいるのです

1987 May 1 [1987 March 20], Fujiko Fujio, “ぼくは神様 [I Am God]”, in みどりの守り神 [Green Guardian God] (藤子不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 2), 2nd edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, 第三章, page 600

You don’t know what probability is? Say, when you roll a die, the probability of an expected result is one sixth. Or one for every six rolls. The more times you roll, the more data you get, the more precise the probability… Or at least that’s how it’s supposed to work… There are exceptions we cannot control. There are people who can get their die results as they will, beyond probability.

Kakuritsu shiranai? Tatoeba saikoro o korogasu ne Omotta tōri no me ga deru kakuritsu wa rokubun no ichi Rokkai ni ikkai to iu koto da Jikken kaisū o fuyasu hodo dēta ga ōku naru hodo kakuritsu wa seikaku ni naru…… Hazu na no da ga…… Komatta koto ni reigai ga aru Kakuritsu ijō ni sai no me o jiyū ni suru ningen ga iru no desu


売れ行き

売れ (ure, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 売れる (ureru)) + 行き (yuki)


絵の具

paints, coloring material (of an artist)


エプロン

[e̞pɯ̟ᵝɾõ̞ɴ]


括弧

括弧 (canonical)
kakko (romanization)
kwatuko (romanization)
くわつこ (hiragana historical)

a parenthesis; a bracket (either of a pair of brackets ( ))


往復

ja-noun

往(おう)復(ふく) • (ōfuku) ^(←わうふく (waufuku)?)

往復 (canonical)
ōfuku (romanization)
waufuku (romanization)
わうふく (hiragana historical)

[o̞ːɸɯ̟ᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]

/waupukʉ/ → /wɔːɸuku/ → /ɔːfuku/ → /oːfuku/


ロッカー

ロッカー • (rokkā)

a rocker (musician who plays rock music)


空き

二分アキ
nibu aki
whitespace equal to half an em

四分アキ
shibu aki
whitespace equal to 1/4 of an em

二分四分アキ
nibu shibu aki
whitespace equal to 3/4 of an em

(typography) whitespace before or after a character, especially a punctuation mark, such as the space after 。 、 」 』 ） etc. or before 「 『 （ etc., used for monospace typesettings (often spelled in katakana as アキ)