水晶

ja-noun

水(すい)晶(しょう) • (suishō) ^(←すいしやう (suisyau)?)

水晶 (canonical)
suishō (romanization)
suisyau (romanization)
すいしやう (hiragana historical)

水(すい) (sui, “water”) + 晶(しょう) (shō, “crystal”).


ダイヤモンド

2000 July 13, “ダイヤモンド・ドラゴン [Diamond Dragon]”, in Pharaoh’s Servant －ファラオのしもべ－, Konami:

A dragon made entirely of diamond. The sparkling light from its body can dazzle enemies.

全身がダイヤモンドでできたドラゴン。まばゆい光で敵の目をくらませる。

Zenshin ga daiyamondo de dekita doragon. Mabayui hikari de teki no me o kuramaseru.


カンラン石

カンラン石 (canonical)
kanranseki (romanization)


曹長石

曹長石 (canonical)
sōchōseki (romanization)


灰長石

灰長石 (canonical)
kaichōseki (romanization)


中性長石

ja-noun

中(ちゅう)性(せい)長(ちょう)石(せき) • (chūseichōseki)

中性長石 (canonical)
chūseichōseki (romanization)


鉱物学

鉱(こう)物(ぶつ)学(がく) • (kōbutsugaku) ^(←くわうぶつがく (kwaubutugaku)?)

鉱物学 (canonical)
kōbutsugaku (romanization)
kwaubutugaku (romanization)
くわうぶつがく (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ːbɯ̟t͡sɨɡa̠kɯ̟]

From 鉱物(こうぶつ) (kōbutsu, “mineral”) + 学(がく) (-gaku, “-logy”).


黒曜石

黒曜石 (canonical)
kokuyōseki (romanization)


斜長石

斜長石 (canonical)
shachōseki (romanization)


カンラン岩

カンラン岩 (canonical)
kanrangan (romanization)


鉱物油

鉱物油 (canonical)
kōbutsuyu (romanization)


石灰岩

ja-noun

石(せっ)灰(かい)岩(がん) • (sekkaigan) ^(←せきくわいがん (sekikwaigan)?)

石灰岩 (canonical)
sekkaigan (romanization)
sekikwaigan (romanization)
せきくわいがん (hiragana historical)


橄欖石

橄欖石 (canonical)
kanranseki (romanization)

[kã̠n̺ɾã̠ɰ̃se̞kʲi]

From 橄(かん)欖(らん) (kanran, “Burseraceae, torchwood”) + 石(せき) (seki, “stone, rock”).


輝安鉱

[kʲiã̠ŋko̞ː]


正長石

正長石 (canonical)
seichōseki (romanization)


雲母

ja-noun

雲(うん)母(も) or 雲(うん)母(ぼ) or 雲母(きらら) or 雲母(きら) • (unmo or unbo or kirara or kira)

雲母 (canonical)
雲母 (canonical)
雲母 (canonical)
雲母 (canonical)
unmo (romanization)
unbo (romanization)
kirara (romanization)
kira (romanization)


石綿

Compound of 石 (ishi, “stone”) + 綿 (wata, “cotton, batting”).
The first appearance of this term is unknown. The material was known in Japan at least as early as 1764, when Rangaku scholar Hiraga Gennai had asbestos cloth created based on Chinese techniques. However, he called this cloth 火浣布 (kakanpu, literally “fire + wash + cloth”).


石綿

May be a borrowing from Middle Chinese compound 石綿／石绵 (dzyek miɛn, literally “stone + wool, cotton”). Compare modern Cantonese 石棉 (sek⁶ min⁴).
Alternatively, may have been coined in Japan as a wasei kango (和製漢語) from Middle Chinese-derived elements as a compound of 石 (seki, “stone”) + 綿 (men, “cotton, batting”).


蛍石

蛍石 (canonical)
hotaruishi (romanization)


蛍石

ja-noun

蛍(けい)石(せき) • (keiseki) ^(←けいせき (keiseki)?)

蛍石 (canonical)
keiseki (romanization)
けいせき (hiragana historical)


ルビー

ルビー • (rubī)


真珠

真珠 (canonical)
Shinju (romanization)
真珠 (canonical)
Shinju (romanization)


石灰石

石(せっ)灰(かい)石(せき) • (sekkaiseki) ^(←せきくわいせき (sekikwaiseki)?)

石灰石 (canonical)
sekkaiseki (romanization)
sekikwaiseki (romanization)
せきくわいせき (hiragana historical)


琥珀

琥珀 (canonical)
kohaku (romanization)
kofaku (romanization)
こはく (hiragana historical)


青金石

青金石 (canonical)
seikinseki (romanization)

From Middle Chinese compound 青金石 (*tseng kim dzyek, literally “blue-gold stone”). Compare modern Chinese 青金石 (qīngjīnshí).

(mineralogy, geology) lazurite, one of the main mineral components of lapis lazuli


誕生石

誕(たん)生(じょう)石(せき) • (tanjōseki) ^(←たんじやうせき (tanzyauseki)?)

誕生石 (canonical)
tanjōseki (romanization)
tanzyauseki (romanization)
たんじやうせき (hiragana historical)

[tã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑo̞ːse̞kʲi]

Compound of 誕生 (tanjō, “birth”) + 石 (seki, “stone”).

2007 March 15, Gosho Aoyama, “ゴールデン・アイの巻(まき)【前(ぜん)編(ぺん)】 [Golden Eye [First Chapter]]”, in まじっく快(かい)斗(と) [Magic Kaito], volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN:

You replied that your birthdays were close when she said her birthstone was sapphire

少女の誕生石をサファイアだと聞いてあなたは誕生日が近いと答えた

Shōjo no tanjōseki o safaia da to kiite anata wa tanjōbi ga chikai to kotaeta


雄黄

雄黄 (canonical)
yūō (romanization)
yuuwau (romanization)
ゆうわう (hiragana historical)

/juːwau/ → /juːwɔː/ → /juːoː/
From Middle Chinese compound 雄黃／雄黄 (hjuwng hwang, literally “male + yellow”), indicating the mineral realgar, in contrast to 雌黄 (tsiɛ hwang, literally “female + yellow”), indicating the mineral orpiment.
Due to similarities between the two minerals, when the term was borrowed into Japanese, the meaning changed from realgar to orpiment.


雄黄

雄黄 (canonical)
oō (romanization)
wowau (romanization)
をわう (hiragana historical)

/wowau/ → /owɔː/ → /ooː/
Compound of 雄 (o, “male”, from Old Japanese) + 黄 (ō, “yellow”, from Middle Chinese).

compound

(rare, possibly obsolete) orpiment, an arsenic sulfide mineral


雄黄

From Old Japanese. Compound of 黄 (ki, “yellow”) + 丹 (ni, “earth, reddish earth”). The kanji are ateji, borrowed from the Chinese term.
Cognate and homophone of 雌黄 (kini, “orpiment”). Only differentiated by spelling.

(rare, possibly obsolete) realgar, an arsenic sulfide mineral


紫石英

紫石英 (canonical)
shisekiei (romanization)

紫(し) (shi, “purple”) + 石(せき)英(えい) (sekiei, “quartz”).


紫水晶

ja-noun

紫(むらさき)水(ずい)晶(しょう) • (murasakizuishō) ^(←むらさきずいしゃう (murasakizuisyau)?)

紫水晶 (canonical)
murasakizuishō (romanization)
murasakizuisyau (romanization)
むらさきずいしゃう (hiragana historical)

紫(むらさき) (murasaki, “purple”) + 水(すい)晶(しょう) (suishō, “crystal”).


石榴石

石榴石 (canonical)
zakuroishi (romanization)

石(ざく)榴(ろ) (zakuro, “pomegranate”) + 石(いし) (ishi, “stone”).


月長石

月長石 (canonical)
getchōseki (romanization)


オパール

ja-noun

オパール • (opāru)

(mineralogy) opal, a mineral consisting, like quartz, of silica, but inferior to quartz in hardness and specific gravity


瑪瑙

瑪(め)瑙(のう) or 瑪瑙(メノウ) • (menō) ^(←めなう (menau) or メナウ (menau)?)

瑪瑙 (canonical)
瑪瑙 (canonical)
menō (romanization)
menau (romanization)
めなう (hiragana historical)
メナウ (hiragana historical)

/menau/ → /menɔː/ → /menoː/
First attested in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).
From Middle Chinese 瑪瑙 (MC maeX nawX).


橄欖岩

橄欖岩 (canonical)
kanrangan (romanization)


瑠璃

Daijirin
Izu Peninsula
Lapis lazuli
Qing Dynasty
ja:瑠璃

Shortened from 吠(べい)瑠(る)璃(り) (beiruri), itself from Middle Chinese 吠瑠璃 (MC bjojH lje), a phonetic transcription of Sanskrit वैडूर्य (vaiḍūrya, “cat's eye, beryl”). Some scholars suggest that the source term might instead have been Pali veḷuriya (“precious stone, maybe lapis lazuli”).

der

瑠璃貝: pelagic marine snail of genus Janthina

瑠璃瓦

a kawara tile with a glossy blue glaze, commonly used in roofing in Japan

瑠璃観音: one of the 33 manifestation of Kannon

depicted standing on a lotus leaf floating in the water

with incense in her right hand and a lotus blossom in her left hand

瑠璃釉

a slip containing powdered cobalt and applied to ceramics to achieve a deep blue color after firing

瑠璃紺: a deep blue and glossy piece of lapis lazuli

瑠璃草: navelwort: a flowering plant of genus Omphalodes in family Boraginaceae

native to the mountainous regions of Honshū and Hokkaidō

瑠璃灯: a kind of hexagonal lamp used in the Ōbaku sect of Zen

covered in thin silk and containing a candela made of lapis lazuli

瑠璃溝隠: a flowering herbaceous perennial plant

瑠璃実の樹

an evergreen shrub of genus Lasianthus, native to the Izu Peninsula

a perennial bulbous plant native to Eurasia

lapis lazuli's shine is brought out by polishing

瑠璃の光も磨きがら: → inborn talent is no substitute for hard work and practice

lazuli and crystal sparkle when you shine a light on them

瑠璃も玻璃も照らせば光かる: → even if two things are different

illumination can make their excellent qualities clear

you can tell lazuli and crystal by shining a light on them

瑠璃も玻璃も照らせば分かる: → the true nature of similar things can be discerned by different means

瑠璃は脆し: → a metaphor for the fragility of beautiful things

瑠璃も曇る: → a metaphor for how even the most excellent things lose value over time

(more specific)


スター

ja-noun

スター • (sutā)


雌黄

雌黄 (canonical)
shiō (romanization)
siwau (romanization)
しわう (hiragana historical)

/siːwau/ → /ɕiːwɔː/ → /ɕiːoː/
From Middle Chinese compound 雌黄 (tsiɛ hwang, literally “female + yellow”), indicating the mineral orpiment, in contrast to 雄黃／雄黄 (hjuwng hwang, literally “male + yellow”), indicating the mineral realgar.
Cognate and homophone of 雄黄 (kini, “realgar”). Only differentiated by spelling.


雌黄

Probably from Old Japanese [Term?]. Compound of 黄 (ki, “yellow”) + 丹 (ni, “earth, reddish earth”).
The spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), ultimately from Middle Chinese 雌黃.


金剛石

金剛石 (canonical)
kongōseki (romanization)

[kõ̞ŋɡo̞ːse̞kʲi]

Compound of 金剛 (kongō, “adamant, extremely strong”) + 石 (seki, “stone”).


雪花石膏

雪花石膏 (canonical)
sekka sekkō (romanization)

Compound of 雪花(せっか) (sekka, “snowflake”) + 石膏(せっこう) (sekkō, “gypsum”).


燐灰石

ja-noun

燐(りん)灰(かい)石(せき) • (rinkaiseki) ^(←りんくわいせき (rinkwaiseki)?)

燐灰石 (canonical)
rinkaiseki (romanization)
rinkwaiseki (romanization)
りんくわいせき (hiragana historical)


緑柱石

緑柱石 (canonical)
ryokuchūseki (romanization)


菫青石

菫青石 (canonical)
kinseiseki (romanization)


石筍

鍾乳石

鍾乳石 しょうにゅうせき


鶏冠石

鶏(けい)冠(かん)石(せき) • (keikanseki) ^(←けいくわんせき (keikwanseki)?)

鶏冠石 (canonical)
keikanseki (romanization)
keikwanseki (romanization)
けいくわんせき (hiragana historical)

From 鶏冠 (keikan, “cockscomb”) + 石 (seki, “stone”), possibly referring to its color.


蝋石

ja-noun

蝋(ろう)石(せき) • (rōseki) ^(←らふせき (rafuseki)?)

蝋石 (canonical)
rōseki (romanization)
rafuseki (romanization)
らふせき (hiragana historical)


霞石

霞石 (canonical)
kasumiishi (romanization)


鋭錐石

鋭錐石 (canonical)
eisuiseki (romanization)


玻璃長石

玻璃長石 (canonical)
harichōseki (romanization)


葉蛇紋石

葉蛇紋石 (canonical)
yōjamonseki (romanization)


蛇紋石

蛇紋石 (canonical)
jamonseki (romanization)

葉蛇紋石

葉蛇紋石 ようじゃもんせき


上国石

上国石 (canonical)
jōkokuseki (romanization)


葉蝋石

葉(よう)蝋(ろう)石(せき) • (yōrōseki) ^(←えふらふせき (efurafuseki)?)

葉蝋石 (canonical)
yōrōseki (romanization)
efurafuseki (romanization)
えふらふせき (hiragana historical)


明礬石

明礬石 (canonical)
myōbanseki (romanization)


緑泥石

緑泥石 (canonical)
ryokudeiseki (romanization)


亜鉛孔雀石

亜(あ)鉛(えん)孔(く)雀(じゃく)石(せき) • (aenkujakuseki)

亜鉛孔雀石 (canonical)
aenkujakuseki (romanization)


曹灰硼石

曹灰硼石 (canonical)
sōkaihōseki (romanization)


擬孔雀石

擬孔雀石 (canonical)
gikujakuseki (romanization)


珪孔雀石

珪孔雀石 (canonical)
keikujakuseki (romanization)


孔雀石

孔雀石 (canonical)
kujakuseki (romanization)

亜鉛孔雀石

亜鉛孔雀石 あえんくじゃくせき

擬孔雀石

擬孔雀石 ぎくじゃくせき

珪孔雀石

珪孔雀石 けいくじゃくせき


鱗珪石

鱗珪石 (canonical)
rinkeiseki (romanization)


鱗石英

鱗石英 (canonical)
rinsekiei (romanization)


鶏冠

鶏(けい)冠(かん) • (keikan) ^(←けいくわん (keikwan)?)

鶏冠 (canonical)
keikan (romanization)
keikwan (romanization)
けいくわん (hiragana historical)

/kei kʷan/ → /keːkan/
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 雞冠 (MC kej kwan).

(mineralogy, colloquial) Short for 鶏冠石 (keikanseki): realgar


葡萄石

葡(ぶ)萄(どう)石(せき) • (budōseki) ^(←ぶだうせき (budauseki)?)

葡萄石 (canonical)
budōseki (romanization)
budauseki (romanization)
ぶだうせき (hiragana historical)


緑簾石

緑簾石 (canonical)
ryokurenseki (romanization)

[ɾʲo̞kɯ̟ɾẽ̞ɰ̃se̞kʲi]


苦土

菱苦土石: magnesite

菱苦土石 りょうくどせき


猫目石

猫目石 (canonical)
nekomeishi (romanization)


猫睛石

猫(びょう)睛(せい)石(せき) • (byōseiseki) ^(←べうせいせき (beuseiseki)?)

猫睛石 (canonical)
byōseiseki (romanization)
beuseiseki (romanization)
べうせいせき (hiragana historical)


キャッツアイ

2007 March 15, Gosho Aoyama, “ゴールデン・アイの巻(まき)【前(ぜん)編(ぺん)】 [Golden Eye [First Chapter]]”, in まじっく[快](かい)[斗](と) [Magic Kaito], volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 110:

Having white lights inside that amber look… This golden cat's eye is one of a kind!!

金褐色の中に一筋の白い光…まさに黄金の猫目石‼

Kinkasshoku no naka ni hitosuji no shiroi hikari… Masa ni ōgon no kyattsu ai‼


エメラルド

[e̞me̞ɾa̠ɾɯ̟do̞]


パール

パール • (pāru)


ローズクォーツ

ローズクォーツ • (rōzu kwōtsu)

[ɾo̞ːzɨ kᵝo̞ːt͡sɨ]


灰簾石

灰(かい)簾(れん)石(せき) • (kairenseki) ^(←くわいれんせき (kwairenseki)?)

灰簾石 (canonical)
kairenseki (romanization)
kwairenseki (romanization)
くわいれんせき (hiragana historical)

斜灰簾石

斜灰簾石 しゃかいれんせき


斜灰簾石

斜灰簾石 (canonical)
shakairenseki (romanization)

[ɕa̠ka̠iɾẽ̞ɰ̃se̞kʲi]

斜黝簾石

斜黝簾石 しゃゆうれんせき


斜黝簾石

斜黝簾石 (canonical)
shayūrenseki (romanization)

[ɕa̠jɯ̟ːɾẽ̞ɰ̃se̞kʲi]

斜灰簾石

斜灰簾石 しゃかいれんせき


黝簾石

黝(ゆう)簾(れん)石(せき) • (yūrenseki) ^(←いうれんせき (iurenseki)?)

黝簾石 (canonical)
yūrenseki (romanization)
iurenseki (romanization)
いうれんせき (hiragana historical)

[jɯ̟ːɾẽ̞ɰ̃se̞kʲi]

斜黝簾石

斜黝簾石 しゃゆうれんせき


ラピスラズリ

[ɾa̠pʲisɨ ɾa̠zɨɾʲi]

Possibly borrowed from English lapis lazuli. From Medieval Latin lapis (“stone”) + lazulī (“of heaven, of the sky”, genitive singular of lazulum).

compound

genitive singular of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">lazulum</i>


魚眼石

魚眼石 (canonical)
gyoganseki (romanization)

[ɡʲo̞ɡã̠ɰ̃se̞kʲi]

魚眼 (gyogan, “fish eye”) + 石 (seki, “stone”)


宝石学

宝石学 (canonical)
hōsekigaku (romanization)

宝石 (hōseki, “gem”) + 学 (-gaku, “-graphy; -logy”)


黄鉄鉱

ja-noun

黄(おう)鉄(てっ)鉱(こう) • (ōtekkō) ^(←わうてつくわう (wautetukwau)?)

黄鉄鉱 (canonical)
ōtekkō (romanization)
wautetukwau (romanization)
わうてつくわう (hiragana historical)


アレキサンドライト

2015 March 21, “アレキサンドライドラゴン [Alexandridragon]”, in デュエリストエントリーデッキVS(バーサス) [Duelist Entry Deck VS], Konami:

An extremely rare dragon who bears alexandrite scales. These magnificent scales have the names of ancient kings on them, and they symbolize mysticality.
―Whosoever finds him has already gained great fortune whether they know it or not.

アレキサンドライトのウロコを持った、非常に珍しいドラゴン。その美しいウロコは古の王の名を冠し、神秘の象徴とされる。
――それを手にした者は大いなる幸運を既につかんでいる事に気づいていない。

Arekisandoraito no uroko o motta, hijō ni mezurashii doragon. Sono utsukushii uroko wa inishie no ō no na o kan shi, shinpi no shōchō to sareru.
――Sore o te ni shita mono wa ōi naru kōun o sude ni tsukande iru koto ni kizuite inai.

ja:アレキサンドライト


轟石

轟(とどろき)石(せき) or 轟(とどろき)石(いし) • (todorokiseki or todorokiishi)

轟石 (canonical)
轟石 (canonical)
todorokiseki (romanization)
todorokiishi (romanization)

After Todoroki Mine (轟鉱山) in Shiribeshi, Hokkaido where it was discovered.


燐葉石

燐葉石 (canonical)
rin'yōseki (romanization)

[ɾʲĩɰ̃jo̞ːse̞kʲi]

ja:フォスフォフィライト


フォスフォフィライト

[ɸo̞sɨɸo̞ɸʲiɾa̠ito̞]

ja:フォスフォフィライト


パールホワイト

[pa̠ːɾɯ̟ ho̞β̞a̠ito̞]


パールグレー

パールグレー • (pāru gurē)

[pa̠ːɾɯ̟ ɡɯ̟ɾe̞ː]


若林鉱

若林鉱 (canonical)
wakabayashikō (romanization)

From 若林 (Wakabayashi, surname) + 鉱 (kō, “mineral”), named after Japanese mineralogist 若林弥一郎 (Wakabayashi Yaichiro).


黄銅鉱

ja-noun

黄(おう)銅(どう)鉱(こう) • (ōdōkō)


毛鉱

毛(もう)鉱(こう) • (mōkō)


閃亜鉛鉱

閃亜鉛鉱 (canonical)
sen'aenkō (romanization)

[sẽ̞ɰ̃a̠ẽ̞ŋko̞ː]


方鉛鉱

方(ほう)鉛(えん)鉱(こう) • (hōenkō)

[ho̞ːẽ̞ŋko̞ː]