LED

[e̞ɾɯ̟iːdʲiː]

light-emitting diode
light-emitting diode#English

(electronics) LED (light-emitting diode)


月

⟨tuki₂⟩ → */tukɨ/ → */t͡sukɨ/ → /t͡suki/
From Old Japanese 月 (tuki₂), ultimately from Proto-Japonic *tukui.
For the vowel alternation, see WT:AJPX#Standalone forms and combining forms.


青

青 (canonical)
ao (romanization)
awo (romanization)
あを (hiragana historical)

/sawo/ (uncertain, may be compound as opposed to root) → /awo/ → /ao/
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *awo.
Appears as the latter part in older compounds with an -s- infix or prefix. It is unclear if this leading /s/ is indicative of an earlier form (sawo), or if this was an addition for euphony to avoid vowel clusters, or for other reasons. This /s/ is also seen in 雨(あめ) (ame, “rain”, becoming same in old compounds) and 稲(いね) (ine, “rice”, becoming shine in old compounds).
Given that this /s/ only ever appears interstitially, and given the semantics, this /s/ may be cognate with Korean interfix ㅅ (-s-) used to mark possession; compare German -s-.


青い

ja-adj

青(あお)い • (aoi) ^(←あをい (awoi)?)-i (adverbial 青(あお)く (aoku))

青い (canonical)
aoi (romanization)
awoi (romanization)
青く (adverbial)
青かろ (imperfective stem)
あおかろ (imperfective stem)
aokaro (imperfective)
青く (continuative stem)
あおく (continuative stem)
aoku (continuative)
青い (stem terminative)
あおい (stem terminative)
aoi (terminative)
青い (attributive stem)
あおい (attributive stem)
aoi (attributive)
青けれ (hypothetical stem)
あおけれ (hypothetical stem)
aokere (hypothetical)
青かれ (imperative stem)
あおかれ (imperative stem)
aokare (imperative)
青くない (informal negative)
あおくない (informal negative)
aoku nai (informal negative)
青かった (informal past)
あおかった (informal past)
aokatta (informal past)
青くなかった (informal negative past)
あおくなかった (informal negative past)
aoku nakatta (informal negative past)
青いです (formal)
あおいです (formal)
aoi desu (formal)
青くないです (formal negative)
あおくないです (formal negative)
aoku nai desu (formal negative)
青かったです (formal past)
あおかったです (formal past)
aokatta desu (formal past)
青くなかったです (formal negative past)
あおくなかったです (formal negative past)
aoku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
青くて (conjunctive)
あおくて (conjunctive)
aokute (conjunctive)
青ければ (conditional)
あおければ (conditional)
aokereba (conditional)
青かったら (conditional past)
あおかったら (conditional past)
aokattara (conditional past)
青かろう (volitional)
あおかろう (volitional)
aokarō (volitional)
青く (adverbial)
あおく (adverbial)
aoku (adverbial)
青さ (noun-from-adj)
あおさ (noun-from-adj)
aosa (noun-from-adj)
青く (irrealis stem)
青から (irrealis stem)
あをく (irrealis stem)
あをから (irrealis stem)
awoku (irrealis)
awokara (irrealis)
青く (continuative stem)
青かり (continuative stem)
あをく (continuative stem)
あをかり (continuative stem)
awoku (continuative)
awokari (continuative)
青し (stem terminative)
あをし (stem terminative)
awosi (terminative)
青き (attributive stem)
青かる (attributive stem)
あをき (attributive stem)
あをかる (attributive stem)
awoki (attributive)
awokaru (attributive)
青けれ (realis stem)
あをけれ (realis stem)
awokere (realis)
青かれ (imperative stem)
あをかれ (imperative stem)
awokare (imperative)
青からず (negative)
あをからず (negative)
awokarazu (negative)
青けれど (contrastive)
あをけれど (contrastive)
awokeredo (contrastive)
青ければ (causative)
あをければ (causative)
awokereba (causative)
青くば (conditional)
あをくば (conditional)
awokuba (conditional)
青かりき (past)
あをかりき (past)
awokariki (past)
青かりけり (past)
あをかりけり (past)
awokarikeri (past)
青く (adverbial)
あをく (adverbial)
awoku (adverbial)

Modern form of Old Japanese adjective あおし (awosi); from Old Japanese awo-, from Proto-Japonic *awo.
⟨awosi⟩ (classical 終止形 (shūshikei) or terminal form) → ⟨awoki₁⟩ (classical 連体形 (rentaikei) or attributive form) → /aoi/ (modern shūshikei and rentaikei)
An intervocalic sound-change, before /-i, -u, -e, -o/, caused medial voiceless plosive /-k-/ to undergo voicing, then spirantization, and gliding, before being dropped.
⟨awoki₁⟩ → */awokʲi/ → */awoɡʲi/ → */awoɣi/ → */awoji/ → */awoi/ → /aoi/

隣の芝生は青く見える

the grass is always greener on the other side


赤い

赤(あか)い • (akai) -i (adverbial 赤(あか)く (akaku))

赤い (canonical)
akai (romanization)
赤く (adverbial)
赤かろ (imperfective stem)
あかかろ (imperfective stem)
akakaro (imperfective)
赤く (continuative stem)
あかく (continuative stem)
akaku (continuative)
赤い (stem terminative)
あかい (stem terminative)
akai (terminative)
赤い (attributive stem)
あかい (attributive stem)
akai (attributive)
赤けれ (hypothetical stem)
あかけれ (hypothetical stem)
akakere (hypothetical)
赤かれ (imperative stem)
あかかれ (imperative stem)
akakare (imperative)
赤くない (informal negative)
あかくない (informal negative)
akaku nai (informal negative)
赤かった (informal past)
あかかった (informal past)
akakatta (informal past)
赤くなかった (informal negative past)
あかくなかった (informal negative past)
akaku nakatta (informal negative past)
赤いです (formal)
あかいです (formal)
akai desu (formal)
赤くないです (formal negative)
あかくないです (formal negative)
akaku nai desu (formal negative)
赤かったです (formal past)
あかかったです (formal past)
akakatta desu (formal past)
赤くなかったです (formal negative past)
あかくなかったです (formal negative past)
akaku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
赤くて (conjunctive)
あかくて (conjunctive)
akakute (conjunctive)
赤ければ (conditional)
あかければ (conditional)
akakereba (conditional)
赤かったら (conditional past)
あかかったら (conditional past)
akakattara (conditional past)
赤かろう (volitional)
あかかろう (volitional)
akakarō (volitional)
赤く (adverbial)
あかく (adverbial)
akaku (adverbial)
赤さ (noun-from-adj)
あかさ (noun-from-adj)
akasa (noun-from-adj)

From the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of Early Middle Japanese adjective 赤し (akashi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out. Cognate with 明るい (akarui, “bright”).
Medial voiceless plosives, like /-k-/, underwent voicing, then spirantization, then gliding, then being dropped, before /-i, -u, -e, -o/. As this intervocalic sound-change did not occur before /-a/(Hamano, 2000), Middle Japanese /akaki/ became /akai/ 赤い.
⟨akaki₁⟩ → */akakʲi/ → */akaɡʲi/ → */akaɣi/ → */akaji/ → */akai/.

ja-adj-ku

Acai. アカイ (赤い) 赤い(もの).

1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 9:


日

/nʲitɨ/ → /nit͡ɕi/
From Middle Chinese 日 (MC nyit).


日

/d͡ʑitʉ/ → /d͡ʑit͡su/ → /ʑit͡su/
From Middle Chinese 日 (MC nyit). Compare modern Min Nan 日 (ji̍t).


日

⟨pi₁⟩ → */pʲi/ → /ɸi/ → /hi/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pi (“day”).


白

⟨sira⟩ → /ɕira/
From Old Japanese.
The combining apophonic form of shiro above, mostly used in compounds.

Combining form of しろ (shiro) above:
white


火

⟨pi₂⟩ → */pʷɨ/ → /ɸi/ → /hi/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *poy.
Apophonic form of ho (see below). Compare 木 (ki, ko-, “tree”).

in which sinner are transported: a metaphor for being in a difficult situation

篝火: a fire set in an iron cage-like bucket and used as illumination by guard

火を見るよりも明らか

clear than see the fire → as plain as day, as plain as the nose on one's face, as clear as a bell


火

火 (canonical)
ka (romanization)
kwa (romanization)
くわ (hiragana historical)

/kwa/ → /ka/
From Middle Chinese 火 (MC xwaX).


丹

From Old Japanese, also used as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ni⟩.
Cognate with 土 (ni, “earth, ground”).


丹

From Middle Chinese 丹 (MC tan).
Used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ta⟩.

a yellowish-red pigment made from lead oxide, used, for example, in nihonga


夜

⟨yo₁ru⟩ → */jʷoru/ → /joru/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *yoru.
Derived from yo below, suffixed with an element ru of unclear meaning. Compare 日 (hi, “day”) → 昼 (hiru, “daytime”), which seems to use this same ru element.
Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 C.E., with the phonetic spelling 用流.
Now the most common term for night in modern Japanese.

東京の夜

夜の街を歩く

不安な夜を過ごす

夜の星空を見上げる


夜

⟨yo₁⟩ → /jʷo/ → /jo/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *yo.
First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE with the phonetic spelling 用.
In modern development, this term has taken on a more literary sense.

『真夏の夜の夢』


柿

Early Modern Japanese
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

From Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 770 CE.
Further derivation uncertain. Possibilities include:
: /kakayaki/ → */kakyaki/ → */kakaki/ → */kakki/ → /kaki/
:* From 輝き (kakayaki), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of Early Modern Japanese verb 輝く (kakayaku, “to shine dazzingly”, obsolete), modern kagayaku.
: /kataki/ → /kaki/
:* From 硬き (kataki), the classical 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of modern 硬い (katai, “hard (not soft)”), from the hardness of the unripened fruit.
: /akaki/ → /kaki/
:* From 赤き (akaki), the classical 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of modern 赤い (akai, “red”), from the color of the ripened fruit.
:* From 赤黄 (akaki, “red-yellow”), from the color of the ripened fruit.
:* From 赤木 (akaki, “red tree”), from the color of the foliage in autumn.
While at least one reference considers the akaki derivation more likely, this kind of phonological shift, wherein the first vowel disappears, is not a common pattern in attested Japanese. That said, the kakayaki and kataki derivations are also problematic, considering the lack of any evidence for intermediary forms.

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樺

樺 (canonical)
樺 (canonical)
kaba (romanization)

Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Wamyō Ruijushō
ja:カバノキ属

A shift from kaniwa below.
First appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.

Short for 樺色 (kabairo, “reddish yellow”).


樺

樺 (canonical)
樺 (canonical)
kanba (romanization)


樺

樺 (canonical)
kaniwa (romanization)
kanifa (romanization)
かには (hiragana historical)

John Batchelor (missionary)
Kōjien
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Sakhalin Ainu language
Shinmura Izuru
Wamyō Ruijushō

⟨kanipa⟩ → /kaniɸa/ → /kaniwa/
From Old Japanese 樺 (kanipa, “sakura, sakura bark”), from Ainu カリンパ (karinpa, “sakura, sakura bark”).
Found in the Man'yōshū (book 6), completed some time after 759 CE, in sense 1. Sense 2 appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.
Compare Sakhalin Ainu カリムバニ (karimba-ni, “cherry tree; Prunus pseudocerasus”) and カリムバタツ (karimba-tat, “Betula Maximowicziana”).

der

(obsolete) monarch birch (Betula maximowicziana) or its bark


橙

橙 (canonical)
橙 (canonical)
daidai (romanization)

Thought to be derived from 代代 (daidai, “many generations”), from the way bitter orange fruits never fall down, even in winter, until picked.

Citrus × aurantium
Citrus × aurantium#Translingual

(by extension) Short for 橙色 (daidai-iro): the color orange


炎

/emʉ/ → /eɴ/
From Middle Chinese 炎 (MC hjem).


紅

ja-pos

紅(くれない) • (Kurenai) ^(←くれなゐ (Kurenawi)?)

紅 (canonical)
Kurenai (romanization)
Kurenawi (romanization)
くれなゐ (hiragana historical)

⟨kure no₂ awi⟩ → /kurenawi/ → /kurenai/
From Old Japanese.
Shift from 呉の藍 (Kure no ai), itself a compound of 呉 (Kure, “China”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 藍 (ai, “indigo → dye”)). The safflower, from which the crimson dye was extracted, was brought to Japan from China.


紅

*/peni/ → /beni/
First attested in The Pillow Book, completed in 1002.
Shift from *heni, attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE) with the original sense of "rouge".
The ni is definitely 丹 (ni, “red earth, cinnabar”), while the initial pe/be remains uncertain.


紅

Alternative spelling for 赤 (aka, “red”).


紅

From 揉み (momi, “kneading”, stem form of verb momu), by extension from the kneading of cloth during the dyeing process.


紅

ja-pos

紅(こう) • (Kō)


紫

From Old Japanese.
Possibly a compound of 群 (mura, “gathering, group”) + 咲き (saki, “blooming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 咲く (saku), “to bloom”).

com

(colloquial) Short for 紫式部 (Murasaki Shikibu): Heian-period novelist and lady-in-waiting


紫

/si/ → /ɕi/
From Middle Chinese 紫 (MC tsjeX).
Also used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨si⟩.


紫

From 縁 (yukari, “affinity, connection”).


緑

From Old Japanese. Originally referred to new buds and shoots, later expanding via metonymy to mean green.


色

Chinese language
English language
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki
Old Japanese language

⟨iro₂⟩ → */irə/ → /iro/
From Old Japanese.
First attested in the Nihon Shoki with the meaning of color. Senses referring to a person's emotions also appear quite early on. The romance or sex senses appear from the 900s, apparently an influence from Chinese usage, and roughly comparable to the euphemistic usage of English colorful.

色艶

color and luster; a person's facial coloring; warmth of feeling in speech or attitude; interest or fun in speech or writing

色褪せる

lose color, fade; fade, lose freshness, become old and musty

色物

a colored item, particularly cloth or clothing; a lively and colorful variety act

色好い

having a beautiful figure; favorable (as in a reply or attitude)

目の色が違う猫


色

Middle Chinese language
Sanskrit language

From Middle Chinese 色 (MC srik). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.
The Buddhist sense is translation of Sanskrit रूप (rūpa, “outward appearance, color, form, shape”).

色彩

coloring, coloration, hue, tint; color, mood, influence, leaning

色紙

a square piece of cardboard used for painting or for writing poems

色調

the coloring of a thing; a tone, shade, or hue


色

From Middle Chinese 色 (MC srik). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

三色刷り


茶

→ Ainu: チャ (ca)

→ Nivkh: ча (ț’a)

→ Yonaguni: サー (sa:)

From various lects of Middle Chinese 茶 (MC drae). Compare Mandarin 茶 (chá), Hakka 茶 (chhà), Cantonese 茶 (caa⁴). Doublet of チャイ (chai).

a game of drinking varieties of tea and guessing them correctly


菫

ja:スミレ ja:スミレ属 ja:スミレ科


藍

the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria


藍

ja-noun

藍(あい) or 藍(アイ) • (ai) ^(←あゐ (awi) or アヰ (awi)?)

藍 (canonical)
藍 (canonical)
ai (romanization)
awi (romanization)
あゐ (hiragana historical)
アヰ (hiragana historical)

/awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *awoy.
There are various theories regarding the ultimate derivation, all suggesting a relation to 青 (awo → ao, “blue”):
* May be an alteration from 青色 (awoiro → aoiro):
*: ⟨awoiro₂⟩ → /awoirə/ → /awɨrə/ → /airo/ → /ai/
* May be a fusion of 青 (awo → ao) and い (i, emphatic particle)
*: */awo i/ → */awɨ/ → */awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/
* May be derived from a compound of 青 (awo → ao) + 居 (wi → i, “there is”), expressing the sense that the indigo plant contains the color blue:
*: /awowi/ → */awːɨ/ → /awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/

藍蝋: indigo pigment made from boiled-down indigo dye liquid

the color indigo, from the dye processed from the stems and leaves of various indigo plants

Short for 藍蝋 (airō): indigo pigment made from boiled-down indigo dye liquid


藍

藍 (canonical)
Ai (romanization)
Awi (romanization)
あゐ (hiragana historical)


鳶

鳶 (canonical)
鳶 (canonical)
tobi (romanization)
とび (hiragana historical)

Perhaps from 飛び (tobi, “flying”, stem form of 飛ぶ (tobu, “to fly”)).

Short for 鳶色 (tobi iro, “kite-wing brown”).


黄

ja-adj

黄(き) • (ki) -na (adnominal 黄(き)な (ki na), adverbial 黄(き)に (ki ni))

黄 (canonical)
ki (romanization)
黄な (adnominal)
黄に (adverbial)
黄だろ (imperfective stem)
きだろ (imperfective stem)
ki daro (imperfective)
黄で (continuative stem)
きで (continuative stem)
ki de (continuative)
黄だ (stem terminative)
きだ (stem terminative)
ki da (terminative)
黄な (attributive stem)
きな (attributive stem)
ki na (attributive)
黄なら (hypothetical stem)
きなら (hypothetical stem)
ki nara (hypothetical)
黄であれ (imperative stem)
きであれ (imperative stem)
ki de are (imperative)
黄ではない (informal negative)
黄じゃない (informal negative)
きではない (informal negative)
きじゃない (informal negative)
ki de wa nai (informal negative)
ki ja nai (informal negative)
黄だった (informal past)
きだった (informal past)
ki datta (informal past)
黄ではなかった (informal negative past)
黄じゃなかった (informal negative past)
きではなかった (informal negative past)
きじゃなかった (informal negative past)
ki de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
ki ja nakatta (informal negative past)
黄です (formal)
きです (formal)
ki desu (formal)
黄ではありません (formal negative)
黄じゃありません (formal negative)
きではありません (formal negative)
きじゃありません (formal negative)
ki de wa arimasen (formal negative)
ki ja arimasen (formal negative)
黄でした (formal past)
きでした (formal past)
ki deshita (formal past)
黄ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
黄じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
きではありませんでした (formal negative past)
きじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
ki de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
ki ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
黄で (conjunctive)
きで (conjunctive)
ki de (conjunctive)
黄なら（ば） (conditional)
きなら（ば） (conditional)
ki nara (ba) (conditional)
黄だったら (conditional past)
きだったら (conditional past)
ki dattara (conditional past)
黄だろう (volitional)
きだろう (volitional)
ki darō (volitional)
黄に (adverbial)
きに (adverbial)
ki ni (adverbial)
黄さ (noun-from-adj)
きさ (noun-from-adj)
kisa (noun-from-adj)
黃なら (irrealis stem)
きなら (irrealis stem)
kinara (irrealis)
黃に (continuative stem)
黃なり (continuative stem)
きに (continuative stem)
きなり (continuative stem)
kini (continuative)
kinari (continuative)
黃なり (stem terminative)
きなり (stem terminative)
kinari (terminative)
黃なる (attributive stem)
きなる (attributive stem)
kinaru (attributive)
黃なれ (realis stem)
きなれ (realis stem)
kinare (realis)
黃なれ (imperative stem)
きなれ (imperative stem)
kinare (imperative)
黃ならず (negative)
きならず (negative)
kinarazu (negative)
黃なれど (contrastive)
きなれど (contrastive)
kinaredo (contrastive)
黃なれば (causative)
きなれば (causative)
kinareba (causative)
黃ならば (conditional)
きならば (conditional)
kinaraba (conditional)
黃なりき (past)
きなりき (past)
kinariki (past)
黃なりけり (past)
きなりけり (past)
kinarikeri (past)
黃に (adverbial)
きに (adverbial)
kini (adverbial)

ja-adj-infl

黄

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした


黄

黄 (canonical)
kō (romanization)
kwau (romanization)
くわう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 黃 (MC hwang).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.


黄

黄 (canonical)
ō (romanization)
wau (romanization)
わう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 黃 (MC hwang).
The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.


黒い

ja-adj

黒(くろ)い • (kuroi) -i (adverbial 黒(くろ)く (kuroku))

黒い (canonical)
kuroi (romanization)
黒く (adverbial)
黒かろ (imperfective stem)
くろかろ (imperfective stem)
kurokaro (imperfective)
黒く (continuative stem)
くろく (continuative stem)
kuroku (continuative)
黒い (stem terminative)
くろい (stem terminative)
kuroi (terminative)
黒い (attributive stem)
くろい (attributive stem)
kuroi (attributive)
黒けれ (hypothetical stem)
くろけれ (hypothetical stem)
kurokere (hypothetical)
黒かれ (imperative stem)
くろかれ (imperative stem)
kurokare (imperative)
黒くない (informal negative)
くろくない (informal negative)
kuroku nai (informal negative)
黒かった (informal past)
くろかった (informal past)
kurokatta (informal past)
黒くなかった (informal negative past)
くろくなかった (informal negative past)
kuroku nakatta (informal negative past)
黒いです (formal)
くろいです (formal)
kuroi desu (formal)
黒くないです (formal negative)
くろくないです (formal negative)
kuroku nai desu (formal negative)
黒かったです (formal past)
くろかったです (formal past)
kurokatta desu (formal past)
黒くなかったです (formal negative past)
くろくなかったです (formal negative past)
kuroku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
黒くて (conjunctive)
くろくて (conjunctive)
kurokute (conjunctive)
黒ければ (conditional)
くろければ (conditional)
kurokereba (conditional)
黒かったら (conditional past)
くろかったら (conditional past)
kurokattara (conditional past)
黒かろう (volitional)
くろかろう (volitional)
kurokarō (volitional)
黒く (adverbial)
くろく (adverbial)
kuroku (adverbial)
黒さ (noun-from-adj)
くろさ (noun-from-adj)
kurosa (noun-from-adj)
黒く (irrealis stem)
黒から (irrealis stem)
くろく (irrealis stem)
くろから (irrealis stem)
kuroku (irrealis)
kurokara (irrealis)
黒く (continuative stem)
黒かり (continuative stem)
くろく (continuative stem)
くろかり (continuative stem)
kuroku (continuative)
kurokari (continuative)
黒し (stem terminative)
くろし (stem terminative)
kurosi (terminative)
黒き (attributive stem)
黒かる (attributive stem)
くろき (attributive stem)
くろかる (attributive stem)
kuroki (attributive)
kurokaru (attributive)
黒けれ (realis stem)
くろけれ (realis stem)
kurokere (realis)
黒かれ (imperative stem)
くろかれ (imperative stem)
kurokare (imperative)
黒からず (negative)
くろからず (negative)
kurokarazu (negative)
黒けれど (contrastive)
くろけれど (contrastive)
kurokeredo (contrastive)
黒ければ (causative)
くろければ (causative)
kurokereba (causative)
黒くば (conditional)
くろくば (conditional)
kurokuba (conditional)
黒かりき (past)
くろかりき (past)
kurokariki (past)
黒かりけり (past)
くろかりけり (past)
kurokarikeri (past)
黒く (adverbial)
くろく (adverbial)
kuroku (adverbial)

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.


琥珀色

琥珀色 (canonical)
kohakuiro (romanization)

From 琥(こ)珀(はく) (kohaku, “amber”) + 色(いろ) (-iro, “color”).


白い

ja-adj

白(しろ)い • (shiroi) -i (adverbial 白(しろ)く (shiroku))

白い (canonical)
shiroi (romanization)
白く (adverbial)
白かろ (imperfective stem)
しろかろ (imperfective stem)
shirokaro (imperfective)
白く (continuative stem)
しろく (continuative stem)
shiroku (continuative)
白い (stem terminative)
しろい (stem terminative)
shiroi (terminative)
白い (attributive stem)
しろい (attributive stem)
shiroi (attributive)
白けれ (hypothetical stem)
しろけれ (hypothetical stem)
shirokere (hypothetical)
白かれ (imperative stem)
しろかれ (imperative stem)
shirokare (imperative)
白くない (informal negative)
しろくない (informal negative)
shiroku nai (informal negative)
白かった (informal past)
しろかった (informal past)
shirokatta (informal past)
白くなかった (informal negative past)
しろくなかった (informal negative past)
shiroku nakatta (informal negative past)
白いです (formal)
しろいです (formal)
shiroi desu (formal)
白くないです (formal negative)
しろくないです (formal negative)
shiroku nai desu (formal negative)
白かったです (formal past)
しろかったです (formal past)
shirokatta desu (formal past)
白くなかったです (formal negative past)
しろくなかったです (formal negative past)
shiroku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
白くて (conjunctive)
しろくて (conjunctive)
shirokute (conjunctive)
白ければ (conditional)
しろければ (conditional)
shirokereba (conditional)
白かったら (conditional past)
しろかったら (conditional past)
shirokattara (conditional past)
白かろう (volitional)
しろかろう (volitional)
shirokarō (volitional)
白く (adverbial)
しろく (adverbial)
shiroku (adverbial)
白さ (noun-from-adj)
しろさ (noun-from-adj)
shirosa (noun-from-adj)

Modern form of Old Japanese adjective しろし (shiroshi).
⟨siro₁si⟩ (classical 終止形 (shūshikei) or terminal form) → ⟨siro₁ki₁⟩ (classical 連体形 (rentaikei) or attributive form) → /siroi/ (modern shūshikei and rentaikei)
An intervocalic sound-change caused the medial plosive /-k-/ to undergo voicing, then spirantization, then gliding, then being dropped, before /-i, -u, -e, -o/ (Hamano, 2000).
⟨siro₁ki₁⟩ → */sirʷokʲi/ → */sirʷogʲi/ → */sirʷoɣi/ → */sirʷoji/ → /siroi/ → [ɕiɾo̞i].


黄色い

黄(き)色(いろ)い • (kiiroi) -i (adverbial 黄(き)色(いろ)く (kiiroku))

黄色い (canonical)
kiiroi (romanization)
黄色く (adverbial)
黄色かろ (imperfective stem)
きいろかろ (imperfective stem)
kiirokaro (imperfective)
黄色く (continuative stem)
きいろく (continuative stem)
kiiroku (continuative)
黄色い (stem terminative)
きいろい (stem terminative)
kiiroi (terminative)
黄色い (attributive stem)
きいろい (attributive stem)
kiiroi (attributive)
黄色けれ (hypothetical stem)
きいろけれ (hypothetical stem)
kiirokere (hypothetical)
黄色かれ (imperative stem)
きいろかれ (imperative stem)
kiirokare (imperative)
黄色くない (informal negative)
きいろくない (informal negative)
kiiroku nai (informal negative)
黄色かった (informal past)
きいろかった (informal past)
kiirokatta (informal past)
黄色くなかった (informal negative past)
きいろくなかった (informal negative past)
kiiroku nakatta (informal negative past)
黄色いです (formal)
きいろいです (formal)
kiiroi desu (formal)
黄色くないです (formal negative)
きいろくないです (formal negative)
kiiroku nai desu (formal negative)
黄色かったです (formal past)
きいろかったです (formal past)
kiirokatta desu (formal past)
黄色くなかったです (formal negative past)
きいろくなかったです (formal negative past)
kiiroku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
黄色くて (conjunctive)
きいろくて (conjunctive)
kiirokute (conjunctive)
黄色ければ (conditional)
きいろければ (conditional)
kiirokereba (conditional)
黄色かったら (conditional past)
きいろかったら (conditional past)
kiirokattara (conditional past)
黄色かろう (volitional)
きいろかろう (volitional)
kiirokarō (volitional)
黄色く (adverbial)
きいろく (adverbial)
kiiroku (adverbial)
黄色さ (noun-from-adj)
きいろさ (noun-from-adj)
kiirosa (noun-from-adj)

金は黄色いです。


黄色

黄(き)色(いろ) • (kiiro) -na (adnominal 黄(き)色(いろ)な (kiiro na), adverbial 黄(き)色(いろ)に (kiiro ni))

黄色 (canonical)
kiiro (romanization)
黄色な (adnominal)
黄色に (adverbial)
黄色だろ (imperfective stem)
きいろだろ (imperfective stem)
kiiro daro (imperfective)
黄色で (continuative stem)
きいろで (continuative stem)
kiiro de (continuative)
黄色だ (stem terminative)
きいろだ (stem terminative)
kiiro da (terminative)
黄色な (attributive stem)
きいろな (attributive stem)
kiiro na (attributive)
黄色なら (hypothetical stem)
きいろなら (hypothetical stem)
kiiro nara (hypothetical)
黄色であれ (imperative stem)
きいろであれ (imperative stem)
kiiro de are (imperative)
黄色ではない (informal negative)
黄色じゃない (informal negative)
きいろではない (informal negative)
きいろじゃない (informal negative)
kiiro de wa nai (informal negative)
kiiro ja nai (informal negative)
黄色だった (informal past)
きいろだった (informal past)
kiiro datta (informal past)
黄色ではなかった (informal negative past)
黄色じゃなかった (informal negative past)
きいろではなかった (informal negative past)
きいろじゃなかった (informal negative past)
kiiro de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
kiiro ja nakatta (informal negative past)
黄色です (formal)
きいろです (formal)
kiiro desu (formal)
黄色ではありません (formal negative)
黄色じゃありません (formal negative)
きいろではありません (formal negative)
きいろじゃありません (formal negative)
kiiro de wa arimasen (formal negative)
kiiro ja arimasen (formal negative)
黄色でした (formal past)
きいろでした (formal past)
kiiro deshita (formal past)
黄色ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
黄色じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
きいろではありませんでした (formal negative past)
きいろじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
kiiro de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
kiiro ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
黄色で (conjunctive)
きいろで (conjunctive)
kiiro de (conjunctive)
黄色なら（ば） (conditional)
きいろなら（ば） (conditional)
kiiro nara (ba) (conditional)
黄色だったら (conditional past)
きいろだったら (conditional past)
kiiro dattara (conditional past)
黄色だろう (volitional)
きいろだろう (volitional)
kiiro darō (volitional)
黄色に (adverbial)
きいろに (adverbial)
kiiro ni (adverbial)
黄色さ (noun-from-adj)
きいろさ (noun-from-adj)
kiirosa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

黄色

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした

Compound of 黄 (ki, “yellow”) + 色 (iro, “colour”).


黄色

ja-noun

黄(おう)色(しょく) • (ōshoku) ^(←わうしよく (wausyoku)?)

黄色 (canonical)
ōshoku (romanization)
wausyoku (romanization)
わうしよく (hiragana historical)


黄色

黄(こう)色(しょく) • (kōshoku) ^(←くわうしよく (kwausyoku)?)

黄色 (canonical)
kōshoku (romanization)
kwausyoku (romanization)
くわうしよく (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ːɕo̞kɯ̟]


太陽系

ja-pos

太(たい)陽(よう)系(けい) • (Taiyōkei) ^(←たいやうけい (Taiyaukei)?)

太陽系 (canonical)
Taiyōkei (romanization)
Taiyaukei (romanization)
たいやうけい (hiragana historical)

[2001 August 27, Kozue Amano, “Navigation(ナビゲーション)01(れいいち) 水(みず)の惑(わく)星(せい) [Navigation 01: The Water Planet]”, in AQUA(アクア) [AQUA], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Enix, →ISBN, page 5:

You have been on Solar System Spaceline’s Tokyo–New Venice flight. Thank you for using our services. We are about to enter the planet Aqua’s atmosphere.

本日は太陽系航宙社東京゠ネオ・ヴェネツィア便をご利用いただき まことにありがとうございます 当機はまもなく 惑星アクアの大気圏に突入します

Honjitsu wa Taiyōkei Kōchūsha Tōkyō-Neo Venetsia bin o goriyō itadaki Makoto ni arigatō gozaimasu Tōki wa mamonaku wakusei Akua no taikiken ni totsunyū shimasu


太陽

太陽 (canonical)
taiyō (romanization)
taiyau (romanization)
たいやう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 太陽 (MC thajH yang, “sun”).

太陽電池

太陽電池 たいようでんち


藍色

藍色 (canonical)
aiiro (romanization)
awiiro (romanization)
あゐいろ (hiragana historical)


くろ

⟨kuro₁⟩ → /kuro/
From Old Japanese (see 黒い (kuroi) for more); in turn, from Proto-Japonic *kuro.
Via root morpheme *kur, cognates include:
* 涅 (kuri, “black mud from the bed of a body of water”)
* 暗 (kura, “darkness; deception”), 蔵, 倉, 庫 (kura, “[dark] storehouse”), and 暗い (kurai, “dark”)
* classical verb 暮る (kuru), modern 暮れる (kureru, “to become dark; to near the end [of a day, of a year, of a life”), and 暗れる, 眩れる (kureru, “to become depressed, to become dreary of mood”)
Possibly also cognate with Ainu kur (“shadow”) and Korean 구름 (gureum, “cloud”); compare also Japanese 雲 (kumo, “cloud”), Korean 검— (geom-, “black”), and Ainu kunne (“black; dark”).

particularly grain that has rotted on the stalk

白黒

this and that, so-and-so, such-and-such: unspecified items brought up for criticism

白黒

black and white; monochrome; panic or startled state; confusion; sex show

暮れる

to become dark; to near the end (of a day, of a year, of a life)

晦ます

to conceal oneself, to abscond; to deceive, to fool

暮れ六つ

Edo-period term for a time of day, roughly 6 pm

(go) a black stone; the person who plays black stones

behind the scenes
behind the scenes#English

(euphemistic) short for 黒幕 (kuromaku): a black curtain (someone influencing or controlling matters from behind the scenes)


ピンク

(slang) someone leaning to the left politically, especially someone with communist interests


灰色

ja-noun

灰(はい)色(いろ) • (haiiro) ^(←はひいろ (fafiiro)?)

灰色 (canonical)
haiiro (romanization)
fafiiro (romanization)
はひいろ (hiragana historical)

From 灰(はい) (hai, “ash”) + 色(いろ) (iro, “color”).

灰色狼

灰色狼 はいいろおおかみ

灰色経済

灰色経済 はいいろけいざい

灰色高官

灰色高官 はいいろこうかん

灰色の人生


灰色

ja-noun

灰(かい)色(しょく) • (kaishoku) ^(←くわいしよく (kwaisyoku)?)

灰色 (canonical)
kaishoku (romanization)
kwaisyoku (romanization)
くわいしよく (hiragana historical)


オレンジ色

オレンジ色 (canonical)
orenji-iro (romanization)

[o̞ɾẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑi iɾo̞]

オレンジ (orenji, “orange”) + 色 (-iro, “color”)

suf

1997 December 12, Abiko, Miwa, “みかん・絵日記特別編 吐夢と不思議な猫 [Mikan Picture Diary Special: Tom and the Mysterious Cat]”, in みかん・絵日記 [Mikan Picture Diary], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Hakusensha, page 20:

Ah, we gotta name him! How does “Mikan” sound? You know, ’cos he’s orange.

あ 名前！「みかん」がいいよ オレンジ色だから

A namae!“Mikan” ga ii yo Orenji-iro dakara


日向

Compound of 日 (hi, “sun”) + な (na, Old Japanese possessive particle) + た (ta, “direction, side”).
The ta element is found in terms such as あなた (anata, “you”, originally “that side (distant)”), そなた (sonata, “you”, archaic; originally “that side (nearby)”).


日向

日向 (canonical)
Hyūga (romanization)
Fiuga (romanization)
ひうが (hiragana historical)

⟨pi₁muka⟩ → */pʲimuka/ → /ɸimuka/ → /ɸiũɡa/ → /hjuːɡa/
Shift from Old Japanese 日向 (Pi₁muka → Himuka).
Equivalent to a compound of 日 (hi, “sun”) + 向か (muka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of verb 向く (muku), “to face (a direction)”).

日向夏

hyūganatsu, Citrus × tamurana, a kind of citrus fruit


日向

ja-pos

日(にっ)向(こう) • (Nikkō) ^(←にちかう (Nitikau)?)

日(ひ)向(むかい) • (Himukai) ^(←ひむかひ (Fimukafi)?)

日向 (canonical)
Nikkō (romanization)
Nitikau (romanization)
にちかう (hiragana historical)
日向 (canonical)
Hiuga (romanization)
日向 (canonical)
Higano (romanization)
日向 (canonical)
Hikō (romanization)
Fikau (romanization)
ひかう (hiragana historical)
日向 (canonical)
Hina (romanization)
日向 (canonical)
Hinada (romanization)
日向 (canonical)
Himukai (romanization)
Fimukafi (romanization)
ひむかひ (hiragana historical)
日向 (canonical)
Himuka (romanization)
日向 (canonical)
Himuki (romanization)
日向 (canonical)
Hyuga (romanization)


月光

ja-noun

月(げっ)光(こう) • (gekkō) ^(←げつくわう (getukwau)?)

月光 (canonical)
gekkō (romanization)
getukwau (romanization)
げつくわう (hiragana historical)


日光

日(にっ)光(こう) • (nikkō) ^(←につくわう (nitukwau)?)

日光 (canonical)
nikkō (romanization)
nitukwau (romanization)
につくわう (hiragana historical)


丹碧

From tan (丹, cinnabar red, vermilion, red) + heki (碧, deep blue, azure, blue).


灯台

灯台下暗し

灯台下暗 とうだいもとくら


茶色い

ja-adj

茶(ちゃ)色(いろ)い • (chairoi) -i (adverbial 茶(ちゃ)色(いろ)く (chairoku))

茶色い (canonical)
chairoi (romanization)
茶色く (adverbial)
茶色かろ (imperfective stem)
ちゃいろかろ (imperfective stem)
chairokaro (imperfective)
茶色く (continuative stem)
ちゃいろく (continuative stem)
chairoku (continuative)
茶色い (stem terminative)
ちゃいろい (stem terminative)
chairoi (terminative)
茶色い (attributive stem)
ちゃいろい (attributive stem)
chairoi (attributive)
茶色けれ (hypothetical stem)
ちゃいろけれ (hypothetical stem)
chairokere (hypothetical)
茶色かれ (imperative stem)
ちゃいろかれ (imperative stem)
chairokare (imperative)
茶色くない (informal negative)
ちゃいろくない (informal negative)
chairoku nai (informal negative)
茶色かった (informal past)
ちゃいろかった (informal past)
chairokatta (informal past)
茶色くなかった (informal negative past)
ちゃいろくなかった (informal negative past)
chairoku nakatta (informal negative past)
茶色いです (formal)
ちゃいろいです (formal)
chairoi desu (formal)
茶色くないです (formal negative)
ちゃいろくないです (formal negative)
chairoku nai desu (formal negative)
茶色かったです (formal past)
ちゃいろかったです (formal past)
chairokatta desu (formal past)
茶色くなかったです (formal negative past)
ちゃいろくなかったです (formal negative past)
chairoku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
茶色くて (conjunctive)
ちゃいろくて (conjunctive)
chairokute (conjunctive)
茶色ければ (conditional)
ちゃいろければ (conditional)
chairokereba (conditional)
茶色かったら (conditional past)
ちゃいろかったら (conditional past)
chairokattara (conditional past)
茶色かろう (volitional)
ちゃいろかろう (volitional)
chairokarō (volitional)
茶色く (adverbial)
ちゃいろく (adverbial)
chairoku (adverbial)
茶色さ (noun-from-adj)
ちゃいろさ (noun-from-adj)
chairosa (noun-from-adj)


水色

From 水 (mizu, “water”) + 色 (iro, “color”).

light blue, sky blue, turquoise blue, aqua blue, pale blue


赤外線

ja-noun

赤(せき)外(がい)線(せん) • (sekigaisen) ^(←せきぐわいせん (sekigwaisen)?)

赤外線 (canonical)
sekigaisen (romanization)
sekigwaisen (romanization)
せきぐわいせん (hiragana historical)

→ Korean: 적외선 (jeogoeseon)

From 赤 (seki, “red”) + 外 (gai, “outside”) + 線 (sen, “ray”). Compare Chinese 紅外線 /红外线 (hóngwàixiàn).


鼠色

鼠色 (canonical)
nezumi iro (romanization)

Compound of 鼠(ねずみ) (nezumi, “mouse, rat”) + 色(いろ) (iro, “color”).


火事

火事 (canonical)
kaji (romanization)
kwazi (romanization)
くわじ (hiragana historical)

Old Japanese 火事 (pi₂ no₂ ko₂to₂) (now spelled as 火の事 (hi no koto)), later read with 音読み (on'yomi).


火事

(Kagoshima) a fire (damaging occurrence of fire)


芥子色

芥子色 (canonical)
karashi-iro (romanization)

芥子(からし) (karashi, “mustard”) + 色(いろ) (iro, “color”)


赤褐色

ja-noun

赤(せき)褐(かっ)色(しょく) or 赤(せっ)褐(かっ)色(しょく) • (sekikasshoku or sekkasshoku)

赤褐色 (canonical)
赤褐色 (canonical)
sekikasshoku (romanization)
sekkasshoku (romanization)


黄緑

yellowish green; yellow-green, lime, chartreuse


太陽光

太(たい)陽(よう)光(こう) • (taiyōkō) ^(←たいやうくわう (taiyaukwau)?)

太陽光 (canonical)
taiyōkō (romanization)
taiyaukwau (romanization)
たいやうくわう (hiragana historical)

From 太陽 (たいよう, taiyō): (sun) + 光 (コウ, kō) (ひかり, hikari): (light)

太陽光による発電

the electric power generation from sunlight


消防署

消(しょう)防(ぼう)署(しょ) • (shōbōsho) ^(←せうばうしよ (seubausyo)?)

消防署 (canonical)
shōbōsho (romanization)
seubausyo (romanization)
せうばうしよ (hiragana historical)

[ɕo̞ːbo̞ːɕo̞]

From 消防 (しょうぼう, shōbō, “fire fighting”) + 署 (ショ, sho, “station, office”).

compound

しょうぼう, shōbō

The local shōbōsho (消防署, fire station) usually sends someone over to talk about the emergency backpack [...]

2015 September 14, Kaori Shoji, “When disaster strikes in Japan, keep calm and carry a diaper”, in The Japan Times, retrieved 2023-04-11:

(firefighting) fire station, fire department, firehouse


消防

ja-noun

消(しょう)防(ぼう) • (shōbō)


蛍光灯

蛍(けい)光(こう)灯(とう) • (keikōtō) ^(←けいくわうとう (keikwautou)?) (counter 本／灯)

蛍光灯 (canonical)
keikōtō (romanization)
keikwautou (romanization)
本／灯 (counter)
けいくわうとう (hiragana historical)

Compound of 蛍(けい)光(こう) (keikō, “fluorescent”) + 灯(とう) (tō, “light”).


蛍光

ja-noun

蛍(けい)光(こう) • (keikō) ^(←けいくわう (keikwau)?)

蛍光 (canonical)
keikō (romanization)
keikwau (romanization)
けいくわう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 螢光 (MC hweng kwang).


火炎

火炎放射器: flamethrower

火炎放射器 かえんほうしゃき


スペクトル

[sɨ̥pe̞kɯ̟̊to̞ɾɯ̟]

Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:スペクトル
ja:松村明


防火壁

防(ぼう)火(か)壁(へき) • (bōkaheki) ^(←ばうくわへき (baukwafeki)?)

防火壁 (canonical)
bōkaheki (romanization)
baukwafeki (romanization)
ばうくわへき (hiragana historical)

Compound of 防(ぼう)火(か) (bōka, “fire prevention”) + 壁(へき) (heki, “wall; barrier”).

ja-compound

(firefighting) firewall (fireproof barrier used to prevent the spread of fire through a building)


ランプ

ja:ランプ
ja:ランプ (道路)

ランプウェー ランプウェー#Japanese

Clipping of ランプウェー (ranpuwē, “rampway”).


月明かり

月明かり (canonical)
tsukiakari (romanization)


日食

[ɲ̟iɕːo̞kɯ̟]

From Middle Chinese 日食 (MC nyit zyik). 食 is a daiyōji replacing 蝕.


五色

ja-noun

五(ご)色(しょく) • (goshoku) ^(←ごしよく (gosyoku)?)

五色 (canonical)
goshiki (romanization)
gosiki (romanization)
ごしき (hiragana historical)
五色 (canonical)
goshoku (romanization)
gosyoku (romanization)
ごしよく (hiragana historical)

五色青海鸚哥

五色青海鸚哥 ゴシキセガイインコ

五色野路子

五色野路子 ゴシキノジコ

five colors (usu. red (赤), blue (青), yellow (黄), white (白) and black (黒))


引火

引火する (canonical)
inka suru (romanization)
引火し (stem)
引火した (past)
引火し
いんかし
inka shi
引火する
いんかする
inka suru
引火すれ
いんかすれ
inka sure
引火せよ (imperative literary)
引火しろ (colloquial imperative)
いんかせよ (imperative literary)
いんかしろ (colloquial imperative)
inka seyo (imperative literary)
inka shiro (colloquial imperative)
引火される (passive)
いんかされる (passive)
inka sareru (passive)
引火させる (causative)
引火さす (causative)
いんかさせる (causative)
いんかさす (causative)
inka saseru (causative)
inka sasu (causative)
引火できる (potential)
いんかできる (potential)
inka dekiru (potential)
引火しよう (volitional)
いんかしよう (volitional)
inka shiyō (volitional)
引火しない (negative)
いんかしない (negative)
inka shinai (negative)
引火せず (continuative negative)
いんかせず (continuative negative)
inka sezu (continuative negative)
引火します (formal)
いんかします (formal)
inka shimasu (formal)
引火した (perfective)
いんかした (perfective)
inka shita (perfective)
引火して (conjunctive)
いんかして (conjunctive)
inka shite (conjunctive)
引火すれば (conditional hypothetical)
いんかすれば (conditional hypothetical)
inka sureba (conditional hypothetical)


紫外線

紫(し)外(がい)線(せん) • (shigaisen) ^(←しぐわいせん (sigwaisen)?)

紫外線 (canonical)
shigaisen (romanization)
sigwaisen (romanization)
しぐわいせん (hiragana historical)

[ɕiɡa̠isẽ̞ɴ]


紅色

紅(くれない)色(いろ) • (kurenaiiro) ^(←くれなゐいろ (kurenawiiro)?)

紅色 (canonical)
kurenaiiro (romanization)
kurenawiiro (romanization)
くれなゐいろ (hiragana historical)

From 紅(くれない) (kurenai, “crimson”) + 色(いろ) (iro, “color”).

ja-compound

桃花紅色尓々保比多流面輪乃宇知尓青柳乃細眉根乎咲麻我理朝影見都追𡢳嬬良我手尓取持有真鏡盖上山尓...

momo no hana kurenai-iro ni nioitaru omowa no uchi ni aoyagi no hosoki mayone o emi-magari asakage mitsutsu otomera ga te ni tori-motoru masokagami futagami-yama ni...

On Two-top Mountain―top of a mirror box, clear mirror in a maiden's hand reflecting her morning face, delicate green-willow eyebrows bent with smiles, face glowing rosy like peach blossoms...

the color crimson, a vivid red edging towards pink


紅色

From 紅(べに) (beni, “safflower”) + 色(いろ) (iro, “color”).


紅色

[ko̞ːɕo̞kɯ̟]


オレンジ

[o̞ɾẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑi]

Etymology tree
Doric Greek μῆλον (mêlon)bor.?
Latin mālum
Italian mela
Proto-Mon-Khmer *lŋaamder.?
Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga)bor.
Persian نارنگbor.
Italian arancio
Italian arancia
Old Italian melaranciacalq.
Old French Orengeinflu.
Classical Persian نَارَنْگ (nārang)bor.
Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj)bor.
Old Occitan auranjainflu.
Old French pomme d'orenge
Old French orenge
Middle French orangebor.
Middle English orenge
English orangebor.
Japanese オレンジ
Borrowed from English orange.


紫色

紫色 (canonical)
murasaki-iro (romanization)

From 紫 (murasaki, “Lithospermum erythrorhizon”) + 色 (iro, “color”).

com

a purple color, as that of the murasaki root dye


緑青色

緑青色 (canonical)
rokushōiro (romanization)


茜色

ja-noun

茜(あかね)色(いろ) • (akaneiro) ^(←あかねいろ (akaneiro)?)

茜色 (canonical)
akaneiro (romanization)
あかねいろ (hiragana historical)

茜色:


黄金

Shift from Old Japanese 黃金 (kugane).
Equivalent to a compound of 黄 (ko, combining form of ki, “yellow(-coloured)”) + 金 (kane, “metal”). The kane changes to gane as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

com

Short for 黄金色 (kogane iro): gold as a colour


信号機

ja-noun

信(しん)号(ごう)機(き) • (shingōki) ^(←しんがうき (singauki)?)

信号機 (canonical)
shingōki (romanization)
singauki (romanization)
しんがうき (hiragana historical)

[ɕĩŋɡo̞ːkʲi]

信号(しんごう) (shingō, “signal”) + 機(き) (ki, “machine”).


火災警報

火災警報 (canonical)
kasai keihō (romanization)

Compound of 火災 (kasai, “fire, conflagration”) + 警報 (keihō, “warning, alarm”).

compound

(firefighting) a fire alarm, a fire alert, a fire warning (a sound, not a device)


火災

火災 (canonical)
kasai (romanization)
kwasai (romanization)
くわさい (hiragana historical)

/kwasai/ → /kasai/
From Middle Chinese compound 火災 (xwa^X tsoj). Compare modern Mandarin reading huǒzāi.

火災救助袋

a cloth escape chute installed in tall buildings in Japan to facilitate escape from a fire

火災予防条例

a fire prevention law or ordinance, a fire code


しょうぼうしょ

ja-noun

しょうぼうしょ • (shōbōsho)

消防署: (firefighting) fire station, fire department, firehouse


消防車

[ɕo̞ːbo̞ːɕa̠]


消火栓

消(しょう)火(か)栓(せん) • (shōkasen) ^(←せうくわせん (seukwasen)?)

消火栓 (canonical)
shōkasen (romanization)
seukwasen (romanization)
せうくわせん (hiragana historical)

[ɕo̞ːka̠sẽ̞ɴ]

消火 (shōka, “firefighting”) + 栓 (sen, “plug”)


消防隊

ja-noun

消(しょう)防(ぼう)隊(たい) • (shōbōtai) ^(←せうばうたい (seubautai)?)

消防隊 (canonical)
shōbōtai (romanization)
seubautai (romanization)
せうばうたい (hiragana historical)


消防士

消(しょう)防(ぼう)士(し) • (shōbōshi) ^(←せうばうし (seubausi)?)

消防士 (canonical)
shōbōshi (romanization)
seubausi (romanization)
せうばうし (hiragana historical)

[ɕo̞ːbo̞ːɕi]


防火扉

防(ぼう)火(か)扉(とびら) • (bōkatobira) ^(←ばうくわとびら (baukwatobira)?)

防火扉 (canonical)
bōkatobira (romanization)
baukwatobira (romanization)
ばうくわとびら (hiragana historical)


放火魔

(firefighting, criminology, psychology) pyromaniac


白色

[ha̠kɯ̟ɕo̞kɯ̟]


黒色

[ko̞kɯ̟ɕo̞kɯ̟]


赤色

Compound of 赤 (aka, “red”) + 色 (iro, “color”).


緑色

緑色 (canonical)
midori iro (romanization)

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kōjien
List_of_classical_Japanese_texts#Waka
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru
ja:伊勢集

Compound of 緑 (midori, “green”) + 色 (iro, “color”).
First cited to a portion of the 伊勢集 (Iseshū) collection of waka poetry dating to the late 1000s.
For reasons unexplained, various monolingual Japanese resources only include the ryokushoku reading for this compound, yet still gloss the term as みどりいろ (midori iro).


緑色

緑色 (canonical)
ryokushoku (romanization)

[ɾʲo̞kɯ̟̊ɕo̞kɯ̟]

From Middle Chinese 綠色 (MC ljowk srik, literally “green + color”). First cited in Japanese to the first half of the 新撰万葉集 (Shinsen Man'yōshū), published in 893.

ltc-l

緑色凝灰岩

緑色凝灰岩 りょくしょくぎょうかいがん

緑色蛍光蛋白質

緑色蛍光蛋白質 りょくしょくけいこうたんぱくしつ

緑色片岩

緑色片岩 りょくしょくへんがん


昨晩

[sa̠kɯ̟bã̠ɴ]


火鉢

→ English: hibachi

Compound of 火 (hi, “fire”) + 鉢 (hachi, “bowl”). The hachi changes to bachi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

金玉火鉢

金玉火鉢 きんたまひばち

宣徳火鉢

宣徳火鉢 せんとくひばち

辻番火鉢

辻番火鉢 つじばんひばち

雪丸火鉢

雪丸火鉢 ゆきまるひばち


桔梗

ja-noun

桔(き)梗(きょう) or 桔梗(キキョウ) • (kikyō) ^(←ききやう (kikyau)?)

桔梗 (canonical)
桔梗 (canonical)
kikyō (romanization)
kikyau (romanization)
ききやう (hiragana historical)

/kikjau/ → /kikjɔː/ → /kikjoː/
From Middle Chinese 桔梗 (ket̚ kˠæŋ^X). Compare modern Cantonese reading git³ gang².

千島桔梗

千島桔梗 チシマギキョウ

Short for 桔梗色 (kikyō-iro, “a shade of bluish purple”).


五倍子

Chinese gall, used in medicine and as a colourant

白膠木白油虫

白膠木白油虫 ヌルデシロアブラムシ


舎利

Borrowed from Literary Chinese 舍利, from Sanskrit शरीर (śarīra, “body”).


橙色

橙(だいだい)色(いろ) or 橙(とう)色(しょく) • (daidaiiro or tōshoku) ^(←たうしよく (tausyoku)?)

橙色 (canonical)
橙色 (canonical)
daidaiiro (romanization)
tōshoku (romanization)
tausyoku (romanization)
たうしよく (hiragana historical)

[to̞ːɕo̞kɯ̟]


鬼火

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:松村明

Compound of 鬼 (oni, “ghost, devil”) + 火 (hi, “fire”). The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

compound

short for 鬼火焚 (Onibitaki), a fire matsuri (Japanese festival) held around Kyūshū on 7 (in some places, 14) January

左義長

January fire festivals, not just in Kyūshū


原色

[ɡẽ̞ɰ̃ɕo̞kɯ̟]


警鐘

警鐘を鳴らす


灯明

ja-noun

灯(とう)明(みょう) • (tōmyō)

eternal flame, votive light, light offered to a Buddha or god


提灯

提(ちょう)灯(ちん) • (chōchin) ^(←ちやうちん (tyautin)?)

提灯 (canonical)
chōchin (romanization)
tyautin (romanization)
ちやうちん (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕo̞ːt͡ɕĩɴ]

a type of collapsible cylindrical paper lantern


提灯

Synonym of 提灯 (chōchin, “collapsible cylindrical paper lantern”)


顔料

顔(がん)料(りょう) • (ganryō) ^(←がんれう (ganreu)?)

顔料 (canonical)
ganryō (romanization)
ganreu (romanization)
がんれう (hiragana historical)

[ɡã̠n̺ɾʲo̞ː]


放火罪

放火犯人

放火犯人 ほうかはんにん


ほうかざい

放火罪: (law, firefighting) the crime of arson


かさいけいほう

火災警報: (firefighting) a fire alarm, a fire alert, a fire warning (a sound, not a device)


しょうぼうたい

しょうぼうたい • (shōbōtai)

消防隊: (firefighting) fire brigade, company


消火器

消火 (“fire extinguishing”) + 器 (“device”)


消火

(firefighting) putting out a fire, extinguishing a fire, fire fighting


防火

防火 (canonical)
bōka (romanization)
baukwa (romanization)
ばうくわ (hiragana historical)

(firefighting) fire prevention, fireproof, fire fighting


明度

明度 (canonical)
meido (romanization)
めいど (hiragana historical)


懐中電灯

ja-noun

懐(かい)中(ちゅう)電(でん)灯(とう) • (kaichū dentō) ^(←くわいちゆうでんとう (kwaityuu dentou)?)

懐中電灯 (canonical)
kaichū dentō (romanization)
kwaityuu dentou (romanization)
くわいちゆうでんとう (hiragana historical)

From 懐中 (kaichū, “in one's pocket”) + 電灯 (dentō, “electric light”).


懐中電燈

懐中電燈 (canonical)
kaichū dentō (romanization)

懐中(かいちゅう) (kaichū, “in one's pocket”) + 電燈(でんとう) (dentō, “electric light”)


栗毛

Compound of 栗(くり) (kuri) + 毛(け) (ke). The ke reading for 毛 changes to ge as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

chestnut color, often applied to a horse's coat


柿色

柿 (kaki, “persimmon”) + 色 (-iro, “colour”)


煙る

ja-verb

煙(けむ)る • (kemuru) intransitive godan (stem 煙(けむ)り (kemuri), past 煙(けむ)った (kemutta))

煙る (canonical)
kemuru (romanization)
煙り (stem)
煙った (past)
煙ら
けむら
kemura
煙り
けむり
kemuri
煙る
けむる
kemuru
煙れ
けむれ
kemure
煙られる (passive)
けむられる (passive)
kemurareru (passive)
煙らせる (causative)
煙らす (causative)
けむらせる (causative)
けむらす (causative)
kemuraseru (causative)
kemurasu (causative)
煙れる (potential)
けむれる (potential)
kemureru (potential)
煙ろう (volitional)
けむろう (volitional)
kemurō (volitional)
煙らない (negative)
けむらない (negative)
kemuranai (negative)
煙らず (continuative negative)
けむらず (continuative negative)
kemurazu (continuative negative)
煙ります (formal)
けむります (formal)
kemurimasu (formal)
煙った (perfective)
けむった (perfective)
kemutta (perfective)
煙って (conjunctive)
けむって (conjunctive)
kemutte (conjunctive)
煙れば (conditional hypothetical)
けむれば (conditional hypothetical)
kemureba (conditional hypothetical)


瑠璃

Daijirin
Izu Peninsula
Lapis lazuli
Qing Dynasty
ja:瑠璃

Shortened from 吠(べい)瑠(る)璃(り) (beiruri), itself from Middle Chinese 吠瑠璃 (MC bjojH lje), a phonetic transcription of Sanskrit वैडूर्य (vaiḍūrya, “cat's eye, beryl”). Some scholars suggest that the source term might instead have been Pali veḷuriya (“precious stone, maybe lapis lazuli”).

der

瑠璃貝: pelagic marine snail of genus Janthina

瑠璃瓦

a kawara tile with a glossy blue glaze, commonly used in roofing in Japan

瑠璃観音: one of the 33 manifestation of Kannon

depicted standing on a lotus leaf floating in the water

with incense in her right hand and a lotus blossom in her left hand

瑠璃釉

a slip containing powdered cobalt and applied to ceramics to achieve a deep blue color after firing

瑠璃紺: a deep blue and glossy piece of lapis lazuli

瑠璃草: navelwort: a flowering plant of genus Omphalodes in family Boraginaceae

native to the mountainous regions of Honshū and Hokkaidō

瑠璃灯: a kind of hexagonal lamp used in the Ōbaku sect of Zen

covered in thin silk and containing a candela made of lapis lazuli

瑠璃溝隠: a flowering herbaceous perennial plant

瑠璃実の樹

an evergreen shrub of genus Lasianthus, native to the Izu Peninsula

a perennial bulbous plant native to Eurasia

lapis lazuli's shine is brought out by polishing

瑠璃の光も磨きがら: → inborn talent is no substitute for hard work and practice

lazuli and crystal sparkle when you shine a light on them

瑠璃も玻璃も照らせば光かる: → even if two things are different

illumination can make their excellent qualities clear

you can tell lazuli and crystal by shining a light on them

瑠璃も玻璃も照らせば分かる: → the true nature of similar things can be discerned by different means

瑠璃は脆し: → a metaphor for the fragility of beautiful things

瑠璃も曇る: → a metaphor for how even the most excellent things lose value over time

the deep blue color of lapis lazuli: azure

common name for various blue thrushes (birds) in family Muscicapidae, such as the 大瑠璃 (ōruri, “blue and white flycatcher, Cyanoptila cyanomelana”) or 小瑠璃 (koruri, “Siberian blue robin, Larvivora cyane, syn. Luscinia cyane”)


瑠璃

Daijirin
Lapis lazuli
Qing Dynasty
ja:瑠璃


鬱金

鬱金 (canonical)
鬱金 (canonical)
ukon (romanization)

/uk̚koɴ/ → /ukoɴ/
Shift from ukkon below.

a dye extracted from the rhizome of the turmeric

Short for 鬱金色 (ukon-iro): saffron yellow

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

Curcuma longa
Curcuma longa#Translingual

(traditional Chinese medicine) rhizome of Curcuma longa used in medicine


鬱金

鬱金 (canonical)
鬱金 (canonical)
ukkon (romanization)

/utɨ komʉ/ → /uk̚komʉ/ → /uk̚koɴ/
From Middle Chinese 鬱金 (MC 'jut kim).

Short for 鬱金色 (ukkon-iro): saffron yellow


鬱金色

[ɯ̟ko̞ɰ̃ iɾo̞]

Compound of 鬱金 (ukon, “turmeric”) + 色 (iro, “color”).

compound

the color of turmeric, a yellow, saffron color, saffron yellow, golden-yellow


やなぎ

やなぎ (canonical)
ヤナギ (canonical)
yanagi (romanization)

Man'yōgana
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

From Old Japanese. Cognate with Kunigami 柳 (yanāji), Miyako 柳 (yanagzï), Okinawan 柳 (yanaji) (likely all early borrowings from Middle Japanese).
The ultimate derivation is uncertain, with several theories presented in reference works. Some of the main theories:
* Appears to be derived from a compound, possibly 矢 (ya, “arrow”) + な (na, Old Japanese apophonic form of possessive particle の (no)) + 木 (ki, “tree”). The ki changes to gi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
* Alternatively, the ya might be from the 字音 (jion, “character reading”) of Middle Chinese 楊 (MC yang, “willow”) + Japanese 木 (ki, “tree”).
Considering the existence of synonymous form やぎ (yagi) that appears in certain compounds, the medial na element is likely the particle.
First cited to roughly 759 CE, in the Man'yōshū collection of poetry with the phonetic Man'yōgana spelling 也奈宜.

com

柳, 楊柳: Short for 柳色 (yanagi-iro): a dark yellow-green color, as from a willow leaf


分光

ja-noun

分(ぶん)光(こう) • (bunkō) ^(←ぶんくわう (bunkwau)?)

分光 (canonical)
bunkō (romanization)
bunkwau (romanization)
ぶんくわう (hiragana historical)

分光測定法: spectrometry

分光測定法 ぶんこうそくていほう

分光分析

分光分析 ぶんこうぶんせき

分光特性

分光特性 ぶんこうとくせい

分光光度計

分光光度計 ぶんこうこうどけい

分光測光法: spectrophotometry

分光測光法 ぶんこうそっこうほう

分光写真機: a spectrograph

分光写真機 ぶんこうしゃしんき

分光化学: spectrochemistry

分光化学 ぶんこうかがく

分光蛍光計: a spectrofluorometer

分光蛍光計 ぶんこうけいこういけい


分光

分光する (canonical)
bunkō suru (romanization)
bunkwau (romanization)
分光し (stem)
分光した (past)
分光し
ぶんこうし
bunkō shi
分光する
ぶんこうする
bunkō suru
分光すれ
ぶんこうすれ
bunkō sure
分光せよ (imperative literary)
分光しろ (colloquial imperative)
ぶんこうせよ (imperative literary)
ぶんこうしろ (colloquial imperative)
bunkō seyo (imperative literary)
bunkō shiro (colloquial imperative)
分光される (passive)
ぶんこうされる (passive)
bunkō sareru (passive)
分光させる (causative)
分光さす (causative)
ぶんこうさせる (causative)
ぶんこうさす (causative)
bunkō saseru (causative)
bunkō sasu (causative)
分光できる (potential)
ぶんこうできる (potential)
bunkō dekiru (potential)
分光しよう (volitional)
ぶんこうしよう (volitional)
bunkō shiyō (volitional)
分光しない (negative)
ぶんこうしない (negative)
bunkō shinai (negative)
分光せず (continuative negative)
ぶんこうせず (continuative negative)
bunkō sezu (continuative negative)
分光します (formal)
ぶんこうします (formal)
bunkō shimasu (formal)
分光した (perfective)
ぶんこうした (perfective)
bunkō shita (perfective)
分光して (conjunctive)
ぶんこうして (conjunctive)
bunkō shite (conjunctive)
分光すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ぶんこうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
bunkō sureba (conditional hypothetical)


天照

天照 (canonical)
天照 (canonical)
Amaterasu (romanization)

Daijirin
Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

From Old Japanese. Mentioned in the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.
Superficially, a compound of 天 (ama, “sky, the heavens”) + 照らす (terasu, “to illuminate something, to shine upon something”). However, this derives instead as an honorific form of compound verb 天照る (amateru, “to shine in heaven”), as the 照らす (terasu) is not the usual transitive or causative conjugation of the intransitive verb 照る (teru, “to shine, to light up”), but rather an example of the verb with the Old Japanese honorific verb suffix す (-su).
As a verbal epithet, also found in some older texts with the reading Amaderasu, where the terasu changes to derasu as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The name appears to be consistently used without voicing, as Amaterasu.

com

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) Amaterasu, the Japanese sun goddess


真弓

→ English: Mayumi

Compound of 真(ま) (ma-, “pure, genuine; beautiful”) + 弓(ゆみ) (yumi, “bow”).


深紅

ja-noun

深(しん)紅(こう) or 深紅(しんく) • (shinkō or shinku)

深紅 (canonical)
深紅 (canonical)
shinkō (romanization)
shinku (romanization)


深更

深(しん)更(こう) • (shinkō) ^(←しんかう (sinkau)?)

深更 (canonical)
shinkō (romanization)
sinkau (romanization)
しんかう (hiragana historical)

/ɕinkau/ → /ɕinkɔː/ → /ɕinkoː/
Appears to be from Middle Chinese 深更 (MC syim kaeng). Also analyzable as a compound of 深 (shin, “deep”) + 更 (kō, “late night”, in reference to one of the five night-watchman shifts in pre-modern Japan).


狐火

Compound of 狐(きつね) (kitsune, “fox”) + 火(ひ) (hi, “fire”). The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First cited to a text from 1488.

ja-com

1488, Sanjōnishi Sanetaka (三条西実隆), 実隆公記 [Sanetakakōki]:

will o' the wisps appeared in the field path last night

狐火や髑髏に雨のたまる夜に

kitsunebi ya dokuro ni ame no tamaru yo ni

There's foxfire on nights when the rain collects in the skull.

a mysterious pale fire often seen in the fields and mountains at night from winter to early spring: will o' the wisp, foxfire


篝火

Compound of 篝 (kagari, “iron basket for a fire”) + 火 (hi, “fire”). The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


黄褐色

黄褐色 (canonical)
ōkasshoku (romanization)

黄褐色へと変化する


業火

業火 (canonical)
gōka (romanization)
gafukwa (romanization)
がふくわ (hiragana historical)

/ɡapukwa/ → /ɡafukwa/ → /ɡawukwa/ → /ɡaukwa/ → /ɡɔːkwa/ → /ɡoːkwa/ → /ɡoːka/
From Middle Chinese compound 業火 (MC ngjaep xwaX, literally “karmic fire”). Compare modern Mandarin 業火 /业火 (yèhuǒ).
Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.


野火

野火 (canonical)
nobi (romanization)
ぬび (alternative hiragana)
nubi (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)

Compound of 野 (no, “field”) + 火 (hi, “fire”). The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
An ancient variant seen in eastern Japan uses the dialectal reading nu for 野.

a controlled burn set in early spring to clear away brush from mountain fields


焦げる

ja-verb

焦(こ)げる • (kogeru) intransitive ichidan (stem 焦(こ)げ (koge), past 焦(こ)げた (kogeta))

焦げる (canonical)
kogeru (romanization)
焦げ (stem)
焦げた (past)
焦げ
こげ
koge
焦げる
こげる
kogeru
焦げれ
こげれ
kogere
焦げよ (imperative literary)
焦げろ (colloquial imperative)
こげよ (imperative literary)
こげろ (colloquial imperative)
kogeyo (imperative literary)
kogero (colloquial imperative)
焦げられる (passive)
こげられる (passive)
kogerareru (passive)
焦げさせる (causative)
焦げさす (causative)
こげさせる (causative)
こげさす (causative)
kogesaseru (causative)
kogesasu (causative)
焦げられる (potential)
焦げれる (colloquial potential)
こげられる (potential)
こげれる (colloquial potential)
kogerareru (potential)
kogereru (colloquial potential)
焦げよう (volitional)
こげよう (volitional)
kogeyō (volitional)
焦げない (negative)
焦げぬ (negative)
焦げん (negative)
こげない (negative)
こげぬ (negative)
こげん (negative)
kogenai (negative)
kogenu (negative)
kogen (negative)
焦げず (continuative negative)
こげず (continuative negative)
kogezu (continuative negative)
焦げます (formal)
こげます (formal)
kogemasu (formal)
焦げた (perfective)
こげた (perfective)
kogeta (perfective)
焦げて (conjunctive)
こげて (conjunctive)
kogete (conjunctive)
焦げれば (conditional hypothetical)
こげれば (conditional hypothetical)
kogereba (conditional hypothetical)


発火

発火する (canonical)
hakka suru (romanization)
発火し (stem)
発火した (past)
発火し
はっかし
hakka shi
発火する
はっかする
hakka suru
発火すれ
はっかすれ
hakka sure
発火せよ (imperative literary)
発火しろ (colloquial imperative)
はっかせよ (imperative literary)
はっかしろ (colloquial imperative)
hakka seyo (imperative literary)
hakka shiro (colloquial imperative)
発火される (passive)
はっかされる (passive)
hakka sareru (passive)
発火させる (causative)
発火さす (causative)
はっかさせる (causative)
はっかさす (causative)
hakka saseru (causative)
hakka sasu (causative)
発火できる (potential)
はっかできる (potential)
hakka dekiru (potential)
発火しよう (volitional)
はっかしよう (volitional)
hakka shiyō (volitional)
発火しない (negative)
はっかしない (negative)
hakka shinai (negative)
発火せず (continuative negative)
はっかせず (continuative negative)
hakka sezu (continuative negative)
発火します (formal)
はっかします (formal)
hakka shimasu (formal)
発火した (perfective)
はっかした (perfective)
hakka shita (perfective)
発火して (conjunctive)
はっかして (conjunctive)
hakka shite (conjunctive)
発火すれば (conditional hypothetical)
はっかすれば (conditional hypothetical)
hakka sureba (conditional hypothetical)


濡烏

濡烏 (canonical)
nuregarasu (romanization)

濡(ぬれ) (nure, “wet”) + 烏(からす) (karasu, “crow”)


濡羽色

濡羽色 (canonical)
nurebairo (romanization)

濡(ぬれ) (nure, “wet”) + 羽(は) (ha, “feather”) + 色(いろ) (iro, “color”); from the color of a crow's wet feathers


今晩

*/kʲəm bʉan/ → /kombaɴ/
From Middle Chinese compound 今晚 (MC kim mjonX).

今晩からぐっすり眠れる

to be able to sleep soundly starting tonight


灯籠

ja-noun

灯(とう)籠(ろう) • (tōrō)

a type of outdoor lantern for lighting shrines and temples

Traditional lighting equipment of Japan#Tōrō


臙脂

dark red; cochineal red or rouge (color)


夜遊び

夜遊びする (canonical)
yoasobi suru (romanization)
夜遊びし (stem)
夜遊びした (past)
夜遊びし
よあそびし
yoasobi shi
夜遊びする
よあそびする
yoasobi suru
夜遊びすれ
よあそびすれ
yoasobi sure
夜遊びせよ (imperative literary)
夜遊びしろ (colloquial imperative)
よあそびせよ (imperative literary)
よあそびしろ (colloquial imperative)
yoasobi seyo (imperative literary)
yoasobi shiro (colloquial imperative)
夜遊びされる (passive)
よあそびされる (passive)
yoasobi sareru (passive)
夜遊びさせる (causative)
夜遊びさす (causative)
よあそびさせる (causative)
よあそびさす (causative)
yoasobi saseru (causative)
yoasobi sasu (causative)
夜遊びできる (potential)
よあそびできる (potential)
yoasobi dekiru (potential)
夜遊びしよう (volitional)
よあそびしよう (volitional)
yoasobi shiyō (volitional)
夜遊びしない (negative)
よあそびしない (negative)
yoasobi shinai (negative)
夜遊びせず (continuative negative)
よあそびせず (continuative negative)
yoasobi sezu (continuative negative)
夜遊びします (formal)
よあそびします (formal)
yoasobi shimasu (formal)
夜遊びした (perfective)
よあそびした (perfective)
yoasobi shita (perfective)
夜遊びして (conjunctive)
よあそびして (conjunctive)
yoasobi shite (conjunctive)
夜遊びすれば (conditional hypothetical)
よあそびすれば (conditional hypothetical)
yoasobi sureba (conditional hypothetical)


蜂蜜色

蜂蜜色 (canonical)
hachimitsuiro (romanization)

蜂蜜 (hachimitsu, “honey”) + 色 (iro, “color”)


青白い

ja-adj

青(あお)白(じろ)い • (aojiroi) -i (adverbial 青(あお)白(じろ)く (aojiroku))

青白い (canonical)
aojiroi (romanization)
青白く (adverbial)
青白かろ (imperfective stem)
あおじろかろ (imperfective stem)
aojirokaro (imperfective)
青白く (continuative stem)
あおじろく (continuative stem)
aojiroku (continuative)
青白い (stem terminative)
あおじろい (stem terminative)
aojiroi (terminative)
青白い (attributive stem)
あおじろい (attributive stem)
aojiroi (attributive)
青白けれ (hypothetical stem)
あおじろけれ (hypothetical stem)
aojirokere (hypothetical)
青白かれ (imperative stem)
あおじろかれ (imperative stem)
aojirokare (imperative)
青白くない (informal negative)
あおじろくない (informal negative)
aojiroku nai (informal negative)
青白かった (informal past)
あおじろかった (informal past)
aojirokatta (informal past)
青白くなかった (informal negative past)
あおじろくなかった (informal negative past)
aojiroku nakatta (informal negative past)
青白いです (formal)
あおじろいです (formal)
aojiroi desu (formal)
青白くないです (formal negative)
あおじろくないです (formal negative)
aojiroku nai desu (formal negative)
青白かったです (formal past)
あおじろかったです (formal past)
aojirokatta desu (formal past)
青白くなかったです (formal negative past)
あおじろくなかったです (formal negative past)
aojiroku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
青白くて (conjunctive)
あおじろくて (conjunctive)
aojirokute (conjunctive)
青白ければ (conditional)
あおじろければ (conditional)
aojirokereba (conditional)
青白かったら (conditional past)
あおじろかったら (conditional past)
aojirokattara (conditional past)
青白かろう (volitional)
あおじろかろう (volitional)
aojirokarō (volitional)
青白く (adverbial)
あおじろく (adverbial)
aojiroku (adverbial)
青白さ (noun-from-adj)
あおじろさ (noun-from-adj)
aojirosa (noun-from-adj)

青 (ao, “blue”) + 白い (shiroi, “white”). The shiroi changes to jiroi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


焼け落ちる

ja-verb

焼(や)け落(お)ちる • (yakeochiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 焼(や)け落(お)ち (yakeochi), past 焼(や)け落(お)ちた (yakeochita))

焼け落ちる (canonical)
yakeochiru (romanization)
焼け落ち (stem)
焼け落ちた (past)
焼け落ち
やけおち
yakeochi
焼け落ちる
やけおちる
yakeochiru
焼け落ちれ
やけおちれ
yakeochire
焼け落ちよ (imperative literary)
焼け落ちろ (colloquial imperative)
やけおちよ (imperative literary)
やけおちろ (colloquial imperative)
yakeochiyo (imperative literary)
yakeochiro (colloquial imperative)
焼け落ちられる (passive)
やけおちられる (passive)
yakeochirareru (passive)
焼け落ちさせる (causative)
焼け落ちさす (causative)
やけおちさせる (causative)
やけおちさす (causative)
yakeochisaseru (causative)
yakeochisasu (causative)
焼け落ちられる (potential)
焼け落ちれる (colloquial potential)
やけおちられる (potential)
やけおちれる (colloquial potential)
yakeochirareru (potential)
yakeochireru (colloquial potential)
焼け落ちよう (volitional)
やけおちよう (volitional)
yakeochiyō (volitional)
焼け落ちない (negative)
焼け落ちぬ (negative)
焼け落ちん (negative)
やけおちない (negative)
やけおちぬ (negative)
やけおちん (negative)
yakeochinai (negative)
yakeochinu (negative)
yakeochin (negative)
焼け落ちず (continuative negative)
やけおちず (continuative negative)
yakeochizu (continuative negative)
焼け落ちます (formal)
やけおちます (formal)
yakeochimasu (formal)
焼け落ちた (perfective)
やけおちた (perfective)
yakeochita (perfective)
焼け落ちて (conjunctive)
やけおちて (conjunctive)
yakeochite (conjunctive)
焼け落ちれば (conditional hypothetical)
やけおちれば (conditional hypothetical)
yakeochireba (conditional hypothetical)

焼(や)け (yake, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 焼(や)ける (yakeru)) + 落(お)ちる (ochiru)


漆黒

ja-noun

漆(しっ)黒(こく) • (shikkoku) ^(←しつこく (situkoku)?)

漆黒 (canonical)
shikkoku (romanization)
situkoku (romanization)
しつこく (hiragana historical)

漆黒の髪

jet black with a lustrous lacquer-like shine


蒼白

ja-adj

蒼(そう)白(はく) • (sōhaku) -na (adnominal 蒼(そう)白(はく)な (sōhaku na), adverbial 蒼(そう)白(はく)に (sōhaku ni))

蒼白 (canonical)
sōhaku (romanization)
蒼白な (adnominal)
蒼白に (adverbial)
蒼白だろ (imperfective stem)
そうはくだろ (imperfective stem)
sōhaku daro (imperfective)
蒼白で (continuative stem)
そうはくで (continuative stem)
sōhaku de (continuative)
蒼白だ (stem terminative)
そうはくだ (stem terminative)
sōhaku da (terminative)
蒼白な (attributive stem)
そうはくな (attributive stem)
sōhaku na (attributive)
蒼白なら (hypothetical stem)
そうはくなら (hypothetical stem)
sōhaku nara (hypothetical)
蒼白であれ (imperative stem)
そうはくであれ (imperative stem)
sōhaku de are (imperative)
蒼白ではない (informal negative)
蒼白じゃない (informal negative)
そうはくではない (informal negative)
そうはくじゃない (informal negative)
sōhaku de wa nai (informal negative)
sōhaku ja nai (informal negative)
蒼白だった (informal past)
そうはくだった (informal past)
sōhaku datta (informal past)
蒼白ではなかった (informal negative past)
蒼白じゃなかった (informal negative past)
そうはくではなかった (informal negative past)
そうはくじゃなかった (informal negative past)
sōhaku de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
sōhaku ja nakatta (informal negative past)
蒼白です (formal)
そうはくです (formal)
sōhaku desu (formal)
蒼白ではありません (formal negative)
蒼白じゃありません (formal negative)
そうはくではありません (formal negative)
そうはくじゃありません (formal negative)
sōhaku de wa arimasen (formal negative)
sōhaku ja arimasen (formal negative)
蒼白でした (formal past)
そうはくでした (formal past)
sōhaku deshita (formal past)
蒼白ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
蒼白じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
そうはくではありませんでした (formal negative past)
そうはくじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
sōhaku de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
sōhaku ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
蒼白で (conjunctive)
そうはくで (conjunctive)
sōhaku de (conjunctive)
蒼白なら（ば） (conditional)
そうはくなら（ば） (conditional)
sōhaku nara (ba) (conditional)
蒼白だったら (conditional past)
そうはくだったら (conditional past)
sōhaku dattara (conditional past)
蒼白だろう (volitional)
そうはくだろう (volitional)
sōhaku darō (volitional)
蒼白に (adverbial)
そうはくに (adverbial)
sōhaku ni (adverbial)
蒼白さ (noun-from-adj)
そうはくさ (noun-from-adj)
sōhakusa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

蒼白

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした


真っ青

ja-adj

真(ま)っ青(さお) • (massao) ^(←まっさを (massawo)?)-na (adnominal 真(ま)っ青(さお)な (massao na), adverbial 真(ま)っ青(さお)に (massao ni))

真っ青 (canonical)
massao (romanization)
massawo (romanization)
真っ青な (adnominal)
真っ青に (adverbial)
真っ青だろ (imperfective stem)
まっさおだろ (imperfective stem)
massao daro (imperfective)
真っ青で (continuative stem)
まっさおで (continuative stem)
massao de (continuative)
真っ青だ (stem terminative)
まっさおだ (stem terminative)
massao da (terminative)
真っ青な (attributive stem)
まっさおな (attributive stem)
massao na (attributive)
真っ青なら (hypothetical stem)
まっさおなら (hypothetical stem)
massao nara (hypothetical)
真っ青であれ (imperative stem)
まっさおであれ (imperative stem)
massao de are (imperative)
真っ青ではない (informal negative)
真っ青じゃない (informal negative)
まっさおではない (informal negative)
まっさおじゃない (informal negative)
massao de wa nai (informal negative)
massao ja nai (informal negative)
真っ青だった (informal past)
まっさおだった (informal past)
massao datta (informal past)
真っ青ではなかった (informal negative past)
真っ青じゃなかった (informal negative past)
まっさおではなかった (informal negative past)
まっさおじゃなかった (informal negative past)
massao de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
massao ja nakatta (informal negative past)
真っ青です (formal)
まっさおです (formal)
massao desu (formal)
真っ青ではありません (formal negative)
真っ青じゃありません (formal negative)
まっさおではありません (formal negative)
まっさおじゃありません (formal negative)
massao de wa arimasen (formal negative)
massao ja arimasen (formal negative)
真っ青でした (formal past)
まっさおでした (formal past)
massao deshita (formal past)
真っ青ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
真っ青じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
まっさおではありませんでした (formal negative past)
まっさおじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
massao de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
massao ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
真っ青で (conjunctive)
まっさおで (conjunctive)
massao de (conjunctive)
真っ青なら（ば） (conditional)
まっさおなら（ば） (conditional)
massao nara (ba) (conditional)
真っ青だったら (conditional past)
まっさおだったら (conditional past)
massao dattara (conditional past)
真っ青だろう (volitional)
まっさおだろう (volitional)
massao darō (volitional)
真っ青に (adverbial)
まっさおに (adverbial)
massao ni (adverbial)
真っ青さ (noun-from-adj)
まっさおさ (noun-from-adj)
massaosa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

真っ青

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした

Shift in pronunciation from older 真青 (masao), with gemination as an excrescence to express emphasis. First cited to the Nippo Jisho of 1603.

1999 November 18, “ツンドラの大(おお)蠍(さそり) (Tsundora no Ōsasori, “Giant Scorpion of the Tundra”)”, in Vol.6, Konami:

砂漠ではなく、ツンドラに分布する珍しい真っ青なサソリ。

Sabaku de wa naku, tsundora ni bunpu suru mezurashii massao na sasori.

A rare deep blue scorpion found in tundra but not in deserts.

(of a face) pallid or pale of complexion, as from fright or pain


真っ青

ja-noun

真(ま)っ青(さお) • (massao) ^(←まっさを (massawo)?)

真っ青 (canonical)
massao (romanization)
massawo (romanization)
まっさを (hiragana historical)

(of a face) pallor or paleness of complexion, as from fright or pain


三日月

From Old Japanese.
Compound of 三日 (mika, “third day of a lunar month”) + 月 (tsuki, “moon”). The tsuki changes to zuki as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

com

Hidekaz Himaruya, “ヘタリアと愉快な仲間たち [Hetalia and Blissful Friends]”, in Axis Powers ヘタリア [Axis Powers Hetalia], volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Gentosha, →ISBN, page 24:

Turkey
Capital: Ankara
Official language: Turkish
National flower: Tulip
National flag’s meaning:
The crescent and star, which derive from the legendary battle for the country, represent the country’s development and the state’s independence, and the color red was the color of the Ottoman dynasty.

トルコ
【首都】アンカラ
【公用語】トルコ語
【国花】チューリップ
【国旗の意味】
救国の伝説からとられた三日月と星は、民族の進歩と国家の独立を象徴し、赤色はオスマン朝の色とされている。

Toruko
【Shuto】Ankara
【Kōyōgo】Toruko-go
【Kokka】Chūrippu
【Kokki no imi】
Kyūkoku no densetsu kara torareta mikazuki to hoshi wa, minzoku no shinpo to kokka no dokuritsu o shōchō shi, akairo wa Osuman-chō no iro to sareteiru.

(by extension) Short for 三日月形 (mikazuki-gata): a crescent moon in general


淡黄色

淡黄色 (canonical)
tankōshoku (romanization)


朱色

ja-noun

朱(しゅ)色(いろ) • (shuiro) ^(←しゆいろ (syuiro)?)

朱色 (canonical)
shuiro (romanization)
syuiro (romanization)
しゆいろ (hiragana historical)


黒暗

From Middle Chinese 黑暗 (MC xok 'omH, “black darkness”). Compare modern Mandarin 黑暗 (hēi'àn).


肉色

[ɲ̟ikɯ̟ɕo̞kɯ̟]


ベージュ

ベージュ • (bēju)


黒檀

黒檀 (canonical)
黒檀 (canonical)
kokutan (romanization)


一昨晩

一昨晩 (canonical)
issakuban (romanization)

day before yesterday
day before yesterday

(rare) the night of the day before yesterday; two nights ago


蝋燭

蝋(ろう)燭(そく) or 蝋燭(ロウソク) or 蝋燭(ローソク) • (rōsoku) ^(←らふそく (rafusoku) or ラフソク (rafusoku)?)

蝋燭 (canonical)
蝋燭 (canonical)
蝋燭 (canonical)
rōsoku (romanization)
rafusoku (romanization)
らふそく (hiragana historical)
ラフソク (hiragana historical)

[ɾo̞ːso̞kɯ̟]


焼け爛れる

ja-verb

焼(や)け爛(ただ)れる • (yaketadareru) ichidan (stem 焼(や)け爛(ただ)れ (yaketadare), past 焼(や)け爛(ただ)れた (yaketadareta))

焼け爛れる (canonical)
yaketadareru (romanization)
焼け爛れ (stem)
焼け爛れた (past)
焼け爛れ
やけただれ
yaketadare
焼け爛れる
やけただれる
yaketadareru
焼け爛れれ
やけただれれ
yaketadarere
焼け爛れよ (imperative literary)
焼け爛れろ (colloquial imperative)
やけただれよ (imperative literary)
やけただれろ (colloquial imperative)
yaketadareyo (imperative literary)
yaketadarero (colloquial imperative)
焼け爛れられる (passive)
やけただれられる (passive)
yaketadarerareru (passive)
焼け爛れさせる (causative)
焼け爛れさす (causative)
やけただれさせる (causative)
やけただれさす (causative)
yaketadaresaseru (causative)
yaketadaresasu (causative)
焼け爛れられる (potential)
焼け爛れれる (colloquial potential)
やけただれられる (potential)
やけただれれる (colloquial potential)
yaketadarerareru (potential)
yaketadarereru (colloquial potential)
焼け爛れよう (volitional)
やけただれよう (volitional)
yaketadareyō (volitional)
焼け爛れない (negative)
焼け爛れぬ (negative)
焼け爛れん (negative)
やけただれない (negative)
やけただれぬ (negative)
やけただれん (negative)
yaketadarenai (negative)
yaketadarenu (negative)
yaketadaren (negative)
焼け爛れず (continuative negative)
やけただれず (continuative negative)
yaketadarezu (continuative negative)
焼け爛れます (formal)
やけただれます (formal)
yaketadaremasu (formal)
焼け爛れた (perfective)
やけただれた (perfective)
yaketadareta (perfective)
焼け爛れて (conjunctive)
やけただれて (conjunctive)
yaketadarete (conjunctive)
焼け爛れれば (conditional hypothetical)
やけただれれば (conditional hypothetical)
yaketadarereba (conditional hypothetical)

焼(や)け (yake, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 焼(や)ける (yakeru)) + 爛(ただ)れる (tadareru)


迦具土

ja-pos

迦(か)具(ぐ)土(つち) or 迦具土(カグツチ) • (Kagutsuchi)

迦具土 (canonical)
迦具土 (canonical)
Kagutsuchi (romanization)

[ka̠ɡɯ̟t͡sɨ̥t͡ɕi]

Originally an Old Japanese compound of かぐ (kagu, obsolete verb root meaning “to shine, to sparkle”, seen in modern verbs 耀う kagayou, 輝く kagayaku “to shine, to sparkle”) + つ (tsu, Old Japanese possessive particle) + ち (chi, “power, life force”, found as root component in terms 命 inochi “life”, 力 chikara “power, strength”). The kanji are ateji (当て字).

com

(Japanese mythology) Kagutsuchi (the fire god, who, when he was born, burnt his mother 伊弉冉 (Izanami)'s genitals, injured her, caused her to spontaneously birth more gods from her vomit, and eventually killed her, which then caused him to be killed by his father 伊弉諾 (Izanagi))


群青

ja-noun

群(ぐん)青(じょう) • (gunjō) ^(←ぐんじやう (gunzyau)?)

群青 (canonical)
gunjō (romanization)
gunzyau (romanization)
ぐんじやう (hiragana historical)

[ɡɯ̟̃ɲ̟d͡ʑo̞ː]


真っ赤

Compound of 真(ま)っ (ma'-, “true, pure”) + 赤(あか) (aka, “red”).
First cited to the mid-1400s.
The outright sense arose from the way that something purely red is obvious and clearly visible.


ゴールド

[ɡo̞ːɾɯ̟do̞]


グレイ

ja-adj

グレイ • (gurei) -na (adnominal グレイな (gurei na), adverbial グレイに (gurei ni))

gurei (romanization)
グレイな (adnominal)
グレイに (adverbial)
グレイだろ (imperfective stem)
gurei daro (imperfective stem)
グレイで (continuative stem)
gurei de (continuative stem)
グレイだ (stem terminative)
gurei da (stem terminative)
グレイな (attributive stem)
gurei na (attributive stem)
グレイなら (hypothetical stem)
gurei nara (hypothetical stem)
グレイであれ (imperative stem)
gurei de are (imperative stem)
グレイではない (informal negative)
グレイじゃない (informal negative)
gurei de wa nai (informal negative)
gurei ja nai (informal negative)
グレイだった (informal past)
gurei datta (informal past)
グレイではなかった (informal negative past)
グレイじゃなかった (informal negative past)
gurei de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
gurei ja nakatta (informal negative past)
グレイです (formal)
gurei desu (formal)
グレイではありません (formal negative)
グレイじゃありません (formal negative)
gurei de wa arimasen (formal negative)
gurei ja arimasen (formal negative)
グレイでした (formal past)
gurei deshita (formal past)
グレイではありませんでした (formal negative past)
グレイじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
gurei de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
gurei ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
グレイで (conjunctive)
gurei de (conjunctive)
グレイなら（ば） (conditional)
gurei nara (ba) (conditional)
グレイだったら (conditional past)
gurei dattara (conditional past)
グレイだろう (volitional)
gurei darō (volitional)
グレイに (adverbial)
gurei ni (adverbial)
グレイさ (noun-from-adj)
gureisa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

グレイ

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした

grey; gray (having a color somewhere between white and black, as the ash of an ember)


点火

点火する (canonical)
tenka suru (romanization)
点火し (stem)
点火した (past)
点火し
てんかし
tenka shi
点火する
てんかする
tenka suru
点火すれ
てんかすれ
tenka sure
点火せよ (imperative literary)
点火しろ (colloquial imperative)
てんかせよ (imperative literary)
てんかしろ (colloquial imperative)
tenka seyo (imperative literary)
tenka shiro (colloquial imperative)
点火される (passive)
てんかされる (passive)
tenka sareru (passive)
点火させる (causative)
点火さす (causative)
てんかさせる (causative)
てんかさす (causative)
tenka saseru (causative)
tenka sasu (causative)
点火できる (potential)
てんかできる (potential)
tenka dekiru (potential)
点火しよう (volitional)
てんかしよう (volitional)
tenka shiyō (volitional)
点火しない (negative)
てんかしない (negative)
tenka shinai (negative)
点火せず (continuative negative)
てんかせず (continuative negative)
tenka sezu (continuative negative)
点火します (formal)
てんかします (formal)
tenka shimasu (formal)
点火した (perfective)
てんかした (perfective)
tenka shita (perfective)
点火して (conjunctive)
てんかして (conjunctive)
tenka shite (conjunctive)
点火すれば (conditional hypothetical)
てんかすれば (conditional hypothetical)
tenka sureba (conditional hypothetical)


火葬

火葬する (canonical)
kasō suru (romanization)
火葬し (stem)
火葬した (past)
火葬し
かそうし
kasō shi
火葬する
かそうする
kasō suru
火葬すれ
かそうすれ
kasō sure
火葬せよ (imperative literary)
火葬しろ (colloquial imperative)
かそうせよ (imperative literary)
かそうしろ (colloquial imperative)
kasō seyo (imperative literary)
kasō shiro (colloquial imperative)
火葬される (passive)
かそうされる (passive)
kasō sareru (passive)
火葬させる (causative)
火葬さす (causative)
かそうさせる (causative)
かそうさす (causative)
kasō saseru (causative)
kasō sasu (causative)
火葬できる (potential)
かそうできる (potential)
kasō dekiru (potential)
火葬しよう (volitional)
かそうしよう (volitional)
kasō shiyō (volitional)
火葬しない (negative)
かそうしない (negative)
kasō shinai (negative)
火葬せず (continuative negative)
かそうせず (continuative negative)
kasō sezu (continuative negative)
火葬します (formal)
かそうします (formal)
kasō shimasu (formal)
火葬した (perfective)
かそうした (perfective)
kasō shita (perfective)
火葬して (conjunctive)
かそうして (conjunctive)
kasō shite (conjunctive)
火葬すれば (conditional hypothetical)
かそうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kasō sureba (conditional hypothetical)

遺体を火葬する


黄土

黄土 (canonical)
ōdo (romanization)
waudo (romanization)
わうど (hiragana historical)


黄土

黄土 (canonical)
kōdo (romanization)
kwaudo (romanization)
くわうど (hiragana historical)


光度

光度 (canonical)
kōdo (romanization)
kwaudo (romanization)
くゎうど (hiragana historical)


桃色

Compound of 桃 (momo, “peach”) + 色 (iro, “color”).

(slightly dated) pink; peach (color/colour)


東雲色

東雲色 (canonical)
shinonomeiro (romanization)

Compound of 東雲(しののめ) (shinonome, “dawn”) + 色(いろ) (iro, “color”); from the color of the sky at dawn.

ja-compound

東雲色:


檳榔子

ja-noun

檳(びん)榔(ろう)子(じ) or 檳榔子(ビンロウジ) • (binrōji) ^(←びんらうじ (binrauzi)?)

檳榔子 (canonical)
檳榔子 (canonical)
binrōji (romanization)
binrauzi (romanization)
びんらうじ (hiragana historical)

[bʲĩn̺ɾo̞ːʑi]

Compound of 檳榔(びんろう) (binrō, “areca palm, betel palm”) + 子(し) (shi, “child”, also used as a diminutive suffix). The shi changes to ji as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

a pitch black colour produced using betel nut juice


薔薇色

From 薔薇(ばら) (bara, “rose”) + 色(いろ) (iro, “color”).

バラ色の未来

(figuratively) bright, optimistic (future)


金糸雀色

金糸雀色 (canonical)
kanariairo (romanization)


金糸雀色

金糸雀色 (canonical)
kinshijakuiro (romanization)


曙色

曙色 (canonical)
akebonoiro (romanization)


橄欖色

橄欖色 (canonical)
kanranshoku (romanization)

[kã̠n̺ɾã̠ɰ̃ɕo̞kɯ̟]

From 橄欖(かんらん) (kanran, “olive”) + 色(しょく) (-shoku, “colour”).


シャンデリア

[ɕã̠nde̞ɾʲia̠]

Borrowed from English chandelier, from French chandelier.


消灯

消灯する (canonical)
shōtō suru (romanization)
seutou (romanization)
消灯し (stem)
消灯した (past)
消灯し
しょうとうし
shōtō shi
消灯する
しょうとうする
shōtō suru
消灯すれ
しょうとうすれ
shōtō sure
消灯せよ (imperative literary)
消灯しろ (colloquial imperative)
しょうとうせよ (imperative literary)
しょうとうしろ (colloquial imperative)
shōtō seyo (imperative literary)
shōtō shiro (colloquial imperative)
消灯される (passive)
しょうとうされる (passive)
shōtō sareru (passive)
消灯させる (causative)
消灯さす (causative)
しょうとうさせる (causative)
しょうとうさす (causative)
shōtō saseru (causative)
shōtō sasu (causative)
消灯できる (potential)
しょうとうできる (potential)
shōtō dekiru (potential)
消灯しよう (volitional)
しょうとうしよう (volitional)
shōtō shiyō (volitional)
消灯しない (negative)
しょうとうしない (negative)
shōtō shinai (negative)
消灯せず (continuative negative)
しょうとうせず (continuative negative)
shōtō sezu (continuative negative)
消灯します (formal)
しょうとうします (formal)
shōtō shimasu (formal)
消灯した (perfective)
しょうとうした (perfective)
shōtō shita (perfective)
消灯して (conjunctive)
しょうとうして (conjunctive)
shōtō shite (conjunctive)
消灯すれば (conditional hypothetical)
しょうとうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
shōtō sureba (conditional hypothetical)

to put out the light; to turn off the lights


黄緑色

ja-noun

黄(おう)緑(りょく)色(しょく) • (ōryokushoku) ^(←わうりよくしょく (wauryokusyoku)?)

黄緑色 (canonical)
ōryokushoku (romanization)
wauryokusyoku (romanization)
わうりよくしょく (hiragana historical)

[o̞ːɾʲo̞kɯ̟ɕo̞kɯ̟]


猛火

猛火 (canonical)
mōka (romanization)
maukwa (romanization)
まうくわ (hiragana historical)


猛火

猛(みょう)火(か) • (myōka) ^(←みやうくわ (myaukwa)?)

猛火 (canonical)
myōka (romanization)
myaukwa (romanization)
みやうくわ (hiragana historical)


強火

(slang, in reference to one's fandom) passionate


サラマンダー

ja:サラマンダー ja:四大精霊

2002 April 27, Kozue Amano, “Navigation(ナビゲーション)06(れいろく) 始(はじ)めてのお客(きゃく)様(さま) [Navigation 06: My First Customer]”, in AQUA(アクア) [AQUA], volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Enix, →ISBN, page 25:

Are you by any chance one of the Salamanders of the Floating Islands then, sir?

もしかしてご職業は浮き島の火炎之番人じゃないですか？

火炎之番人 サラマンダー

Moshikashite goshokugyō wa Ukijima no Saramandā ja nai desu ka?

もしかしてご職業は浮き島の火炎之番人じゃないですか？

火炎之番人 サラマンダー

もしかしてご職業は浮き島の火炎之番人じゃないですか？

火炎之番人 サラマンダー


白緑

[bʲa̠kɯ̟ɾo̞kɯ̟]


炎色

[ẽ̞ɰ̃ɕo̞kɯ̟]

炎色植物

炎色植物 えんしょくしょくぶつ

炎色反応

炎色反応 えんしょくはんのう


七色

seven prismatic colors; seven colors of the rainbow


ライラック

[ɾa̠iɾa̠k̚kɯ̟]

ja:ライラック
ja:ライラック (曖昧さ回避)
ja:ライラック (色)


金色

[kõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑikʲi]


金色

[kõ̞ɰ̃ɕo̞kɯ̟]


密陀僧

密陀僧 (canonical)
mitsudasō (romanization)


紺色

→ Min Nan: 紺色／绀色 (khóng-sek)

desc

→ Korean: 곤색(色) (gonsaek), 감색(紺色) (gamsaek)


光束

ja-noun

光(こう)束(そく) • (kōsoku) ^(←くゎうそく (kwausoku)?)

光束 (canonical)
kōsoku (romanization)
kwausoku (romanization)
くゎうそく (hiragana historical)


火鈴

(Zen Buddhism) firebell (a small bell used at Zen temples to warn against fire)


行灯

行(あん)灯(どん) or 行(あん)灯(どう) • (andon or andō)

行灯 (canonical)
行灯 (canonical)
andon (romanization)
andō (romanization)

Traditional lighting equipment of Japan#Andon

行灯水母

行灯水母 アンドンクラゲ

(manufacturing) a system which notifies managerial, maintenance, and other workers of a quality or process problem.


銀色

銀(ぎん) (gin, “silver”) + 色(いろ) (iro, “color”)

ja-compound

1943, 海野十三, 南太平洋科學風土記, 青空文庫:

飛魚の體は銀色に光つてまるで砥ぎ澄ましたナイフを投付けたやうに見える。

Tobiuo no karada wa gin'iro ni hikatte marude togisumashita naifu o nagetsuketa yō ni mieru.

The flying fish’s bodies shone silver and looked just like well-honed knives being thrown.


無彩色

ja-noun

無(む)彩(さい)色(しょく) • (musaishoku) ^(←むさいしよく (musaisyoku)?)

無彩色 (canonical)
musaishoku (romanization)
musaisyoku (romanization)
むさいしよく (hiragana historical)

無彩色の景色

無彩色の花


有彩色

有(ゆう)彩(さい)色(しょく) • (yūsaishoku) ^(←いうさいしよく (iusaisyoku)?)

有彩色 (canonical)
yūsaishoku (romanization)
iusaisyoku (romanization)
いうさいしよく (hiragana historical)

[jɯ̟ːsa̠iɕo̞kɯ̟]


夜行

夜行列車

夜行列車 やこうれっしゃ


夜行

夜行する (canonical)
yakō suru (romanization)
夜行し (stem)
夜行した (past)
夜行し
やこうし
yakō shi
夜行する
やこうする
yakō suru
夜行すれ
やこうすれ
yakō sure
夜行せよ (imperative literary)
夜行しろ (colloquial imperative)
やこうせよ (imperative literary)
やこうしろ (colloquial imperative)
yakō seyo (imperative literary)
yakō shiro (colloquial imperative)
夜行される (passive)
やこうされる (passive)
yakō sareru (passive)
夜行させる (causative)
夜行さす (causative)
やこうさせる (causative)
やこうさす (causative)
yakō saseru (causative)
yakō sasu (causative)
夜行できる (potential)
やこうできる (potential)
yakō dekiru (potential)
夜行しよう (volitional)
やこうしよう (volitional)
yakō shiyō (volitional)
夜行しない (negative)
やこうしない (negative)
yakō shinai (negative)
夜行せず (continuative negative)
やこうせず (continuative negative)
yakō sezu (continuative negative)
夜行します (formal)
やこうします (formal)
yakō shimasu (formal)
夜行した (perfective)
やこうした (perfective)
yakō shita (perfective)
夜行して (conjunctive)
やこうして (conjunctive)
yakō shite (conjunctive)
夜行すれば (conditional hypothetical)
やこうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
yakō sureba (conditional hypothetical)


夜行性

本日、サーバルを公開しました！夜行性動物館で会うことができます。

Honjitsu, sābaru o kōkai shimashita! Yakōsei dōbutsukan de au koto ga dekimasu.

Our new serval is going on exhibit today! She can be found in the nocturnal animals house.


モノクローム

[mo̞no̞kɯ̟ɾo̞ːmɯ̟]

モノクロームの映像


黄土色

黄(おう)土(ど)色(いろ) • (ōdo iro) ^(←わうどいろ (waudoiro)?)

黄土色 (canonical)
ōdo iro (romanization)
waudoiro (romanization)
わうどいろ (hiragana historical)


明晩

明(みょう)晩(ばん) • (myōban) ^(←みやうばん (myauban)?)

明晩 (canonical)
myōban (romanization)
myauban (romanization)
みやうばん (hiragana historical)


淡黄

淡(たん)黄(こう) • (tankō) ^(←たんくわう (tankwau)?)

淡黄 (canonical)
tankō (romanization)
tankwau (romanization)
たんくわう (hiragana historical)


炬火

炬火 (canonical)
koka (romanization)
kokwa (romanization)
こくわ (hiragana historical)

Synonym of 松明 (“torch”) (stick with flame at one end)


レモン色

レモン色 (canonical)
remon-iro (romanization)

[ɾe̞mo̞ɰ̃ iɾo̞]

レモン (remon, “lemon”) + 色 (-iro, “color”)


唐紅

ja-noun

唐(から)紅(くれない) • (kara-kurenai) ^(←からくれなゐ (karakurenawi)?)

唐紅 (canonical)
kara-kurenai (romanization)
karakurenawi (romanization)
からくれなゐ (hiragana historical)

From 唐 (Kara, “(Tang dynasty) China”) + 紅 (kurenai, “crimson”); contrasted with the alternative spelling 韓紅 (literally “Korean crimson”).

com

千早ぶる神世もきかず竜田川からくれなゐに水くくるとは

905, Kokin Wakashū, (book 5, poem 294; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 17)

I have not heard that, e'en in the age of the Mighty Gods the rivers draped in vivid (literally Chinese) red as is that of Tatsuta.

chihayaburu kamiyo mo kikazu Tatsuta-gawa Kara-kurenai ni mizu kukuru to wa


乳白色

乳白色 (canonical)
nyūhakushoku (romanization)

[ɲ̟ɨːha̠kɯ̟̊ɕo̞kɯ̟]

1950, 中谷宇吉郎, 樹氷の科学, 青空文庫:

高い山に登って今まで晴れていたのに、脚下から霧が湧き出し、音をたて、草をなびかせ、岩をぬらして、たちまちあたりを乳白色の世界にしてしまうことがよくある。

Takai yama ni nobotte ima made harete ita no ni, kyakka kara kiri ga wakidashi, oto o tate, kusa o nabikase, iwa o nurashite, tachimachi atari o nyūhakushoku no sekai ni shite shimau koto ga yoku aru.

Oftentimes, when you climb a high mountain, it will be sunny, but then a fog will rise from under your feet, make a sound, make the grass sway, wet the boulders, and instantly turn the area into a milky white world.


山火事

ja-noun

山(やま)火(か)事(じ) • (yamakaji) ^(←やまくわじ (yamakwazi)?)

山火事 (canonical)
yamakaji (romanization)
yamakwazi (romanization)
やまくわじ (hiragana historical)

山 (yama, “mountain”) + 火事 (kaji, “fire”)


真青

ja-adj

真(ま)青(さお) • (masao) ^(←まさを (masawo)?)^†-nari

真青 (canonical)
masao (romanization)
masawo (romanization)
真青なら (irrealis stem)
まさおなら (irrealis stem)
masaonara (irrealis)
真青に (continuative stem)
真青なり (continuative stem)
まさおに (continuative stem)
まさおなり (continuative stem)
masaoni (continuative)
masaonari (continuative)
真青なり (stem terminative)
まさおなり (stem terminative)
masaonari (terminative)
真青なる (attributive stem)
まさおなる (attributive stem)
masaonaru (attributive)
真青なれ (realis stem)
まさおなれ (realis stem)
masaonare (realis)
真青なれ (imperative stem)
まさおなれ (imperative stem)
masaonare (imperative)
真青ならず (negative)
まさおならず (negative)
masaonarazu (negative)
真青なれど (contrastive)
まさおなれど (contrastive)
masaonaredo (contrastive)
真青なれば (causative)
まさおなれば (causative)
masaonareba (causative)
真青ならば (conditional)
まさおならば (conditional)
masaonaraba (conditional)
真青なりき (past)
まさおなりき (past)
masaonariki (past)
真青なりけり (past)
まさおなりけり (past)
masaonarikeri (past)
真青に (adverbial)
まさおに (adverbial)
masaoni (adverbial)

Compound of 真 (ma, “true, real, pure”) + さ青 (sao, “quite blue”). In turn, the sao reflects Old Japanese さ青 (sawo), itself from mild emphatic prefix Old Japanese さ (sa-) + 青 (awo), with the identical medial vowels merging to avoid hiatus.
First attested in a text from 1120.
Superseded in modern usage by geminated version 真っ青 (massao).

compound

(archaic, Classical Japanese) deep blue, purely or entirely blue


真青

真青 (canonical)
masao (romanization)
masawo (romanization)
まさを (hiragana historical)

(archaic, Classical Japanese) a deep blue, a pure blue


真青

ja-adj

真(ま)青(あお) • (maao) ^(←まあを (maawo)?)^†-nari

真青 (canonical)
maao (romanization)
maawo (romanization)
真青なら (irrealis stem)
まあおなら (irrealis stem)
maaonara (irrealis)
真青に (continuative stem)
真青なり (continuative stem)
まあおに (continuative stem)
まあおなり (continuative stem)
maaoni (continuative)
maaonari (continuative)
真青なり (stem terminative)
まあおなり (stem terminative)
maaonari (terminative)
真青なる (attributive stem)
まあおなる (attributive stem)
maaonaru (attributive)
真青なれ (realis stem)
まあおなれ (realis stem)
maaonare (realis)
真青なれ (imperative stem)
まあおなれ (imperative stem)
maaonare (imperative)
真青ならず (negative)
まあおならず (negative)
maaonarazu (negative)
真青なれど (contrastive)
まあおなれど (contrastive)
maaonaredo (contrastive)
真青なれば (causative)
まあおなれば (causative)
maaonareba (causative)
真青ならば (conditional)
まあおならば (conditional)
maaonaraba (conditional)
真青なりき (past)
まあおなりき (past)
maaonariki (past)
真青なりけり (past)
まあおなりけり (past)
maaonarikeri (past)
真青に (adverbial)
まあおに (adverbial)
maaoni (adverbial)

Compound of 真 (ma, “true, real, pure”) + 青 (ao, “blue”). First cited to the early 1100s.


真青

真青 (canonical)
maao (romanization)
maawo (romanization)
まあを (hiragana historical)


山吹色

山吹色 (canonical)
yamabukiiro (romanization)


燃え上がる

ja-verb

燃(も)え上(あ)がる • (moeagaru) intransitive godan (stem 燃(も)え上(あ)がり (moeagari), past 燃(も)え上(あ)がった (moeagatta))

燃え上がる (canonical)
moeagaru (romanization)
燃え上がり (stem)
燃え上がった (past)
燃え上がら
もえあがら
moeagara
燃え上がり
もえあがり
moeagari
燃え上がる
もえあがる
moeagaru
燃え上がれ
もえあがれ
moeagare
燃え上がられる (passive)
もえあがられる (passive)
moeagarareru (passive)
燃え上がらせる (causative)
燃え上がらす (causative)
もえあがらせる (causative)
もえあがらす (causative)
moeagaraseru (causative)
moeagarasu (causative)
燃え上がれる (potential)
もえあがれる (potential)
moeagareru (potential)
燃え上がろう (volitional)
もえあがろう (volitional)
moeagarō (volitional)
燃え上がらない (negative)
もえあがらない (negative)
moeagaranai (negative)
燃え上がらず (continuative negative)
もえあがらず (continuative negative)
moeagarazu (continuative negative)
燃え上がります (formal)
もえあがります (formal)
moeagarimasu (formal)
燃え上がった (perfective)
もえあがった (perfective)
moeagatta (perfective)
燃え上がって (conjunctive)
もえあがって (conjunctive)
moeagatte (conjunctive)
燃え上がれば (conditional hypothetical)
もえあがれば (conditional hypothetical)
moeagareba (conditional hypothetical)

[mo̞e̞a̠ɡa̠ɾɯ̟]

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru
The Tale of Genji
ja:源氏物語

Compound of 燃え (moe, “burning”, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 燃(も)える (moeru, “to burn”, intransitive)) + 上がる (agaru, “to rise, to go up”, intransitive; in reference to flames burning higher).
First attested in 源氏物語 (Genji Monogatari, “The Tale of Genji”) from the early 1000s.

compound

(figuratively, of emotions) to be flaming, to be fiery


キャンプファイヤー

ja:キャンプファイヤー


色覚異常

ja-noun

色(しき)覚(かく)異(い)常(じょう) • (shikikaku ijō) ^(←しきかくいじやう (sikikakuizyau)?)

色覚異常 (canonical)
shikikaku ijō (romanization)
sikikakuizyau (romanization)
しきかくいじやう (hiragana historical)

From 色覚 (shikikaku, “sense of color”) + 異常 (ijō, “abnormality”).


色空間

Calque of English color space, equivalent to 色 (iro, “color”) + 空間 (kūkan, “space”)


グレースケール

ja-noun

グレースケール • (gurēsukēru)

[ɡɯ̟ɾe̞ːsɨ̥ke̞ːɾɯ̟]

* (shortening) グレスケ (guresuke)
From English grayscale, greyscale.


フクシア

[ɸɯ̟̊kɯ̟ɕia̠]

[ɸɯ̟̊kɯ̟ɕia̠]

Learned borrowing from New Latin Fuchsia.


赤黒い

ja-adj

赤(あか)黒(ぐろ)い • (akaguroi) -i (adverbial 赤(あか)黒(ぐろ)く (akaguroku))

赤黒い (canonical)
akaguroi (romanization)
赤黒く (adverbial)
赤黒かろ (imperfective stem)
あかぐろかろ (imperfective stem)
akagurokaro (imperfective)
赤黒く (continuative stem)
あかぐろく (continuative stem)
akaguroku (continuative)
赤黒い (stem terminative)
あかぐろい (stem terminative)
akaguroi (terminative)
赤黒い (attributive stem)
あかぐろい (attributive stem)
akaguroi (attributive)
赤黒けれ (hypothetical stem)
あかぐろけれ (hypothetical stem)
akagurokere (hypothetical)
赤黒かれ (imperative stem)
あかぐろかれ (imperative stem)
akagurokare (imperative)
赤黒くない (informal negative)
あかぐろくない (informal negative)
akaguroku nai (informal negative)
赤黒かった (informal past)
あかぐろかった (informal past)
akagurokatta (informal past)
赤黒くなかった (informal negative past)
あかぐろくなかった (informal negative past)
akaguroku nakatta (informal negative past)
赤黒いです (formal)
あかぐろいです (formal)
akaguroi desu (formal)
赤黒くないです (formal negative)
あかぐろくないです (formal negative)
akaguroku nai desu (formal negative)
赤黒かったです (formal past)
あかぐろかったです (formal past)
akagurokatta desu (formal past)
赤黒くなかったです (formal negative past)
あかぐろくなかったです (formal negative past)
akaguroku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
赤黒くて (conjunctive)
あかぐろくて (conjunctive)
akagurokute (conjunctive)
赤黒ければ (conditional)
あかぐろければ (conditional)
akagurokereba (conditional)
赤黒かったら (conditional past)
あかぐろかったら (conditional past)
akagurokattara (conditional past)
赤黒かろう (volitional)
あかぐろかろう (volitional)
akagurokarō (volitional)
赤黒く (adverbial)
あかぐろく (adverbial)
akaguroku (adverbial)
赤黒さ (noun-from-adj)
あかぐろさ (noun-from-adj)
akagurosa (noun-from-adj)

[a̠ka̠ɡɯ̟ɾo̞i]


金烏

zh-l

金烏／金乌 (jīnwū)

(Chinese mythology) a golden crow, one of the embodiments of the ten suns, nine of whom were shot down by the hero Hou Yi


三光

ja-noun

三(さん)光(こう) • (sankō) ^(←さんくゎう (sankwau)?)

三光 (canonical)
sankō (romanization)
sankwau (romanization)
さんくゎう (hiragana historical)

By surface analysis, 三 (“three”) + 光 (“light”), literally “three lights”.


今夕

ja-noun

今(こん)夕(せき) or 今(こん)夕(ゆう) • (konseki or kon'yū)

今夕 (canonical)
今夕 (canonical)
konseki (romanization)
kon'yū (romanization)


三原色

三原色 (canonical)
sangenshoku (romanization)

[sã̠ŋɡẽ̞ɰ̃ɕo̞kɯ̟]

Compound of 三 (san, “three”) + 原色 (genshoku, “primary color”).
First cited in a newspaper article from 1905.

compound

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru


可視光線

ja-noun

可(か)視(し)光(こう)線(せん) • (kashi kōsen) ^(←かしくわうせん (kasikwausen)?)

可視光線 (canonical)
kashi kōsen (romanization)
kasikwausen (romanization)
かしくわうせん (hiragana historical)

Compound of 可視 (kashi, “visible”) + 光線 (kōsen, “light; light ray”).
First cited to roughly 1954.

compound

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Visible spectrum
ja:可視光線


火影

ja-noun

火(ほ)影(かげ) or 火(ひ)影(かげ) • (hokage or hikage)

火影 (canonical)
火影 (canonical)
hokage (romanization)
hikage (romanization)

From 火 (ho; hi, “fire”) + 影 (kage, “light; shadow”).


千草

Abbreviation of 千草色: a light blue-green color


照度

照度 (canonical)
shōdo (romanization)
seudo (romanization)
せうど (hiragana historical)


色相

ja-noun

色(しき)相(そう) • (shikisō) ^(←しきさう (sikisau)?)

色相 (canonical)
shikisō (romanization)
sikisau (romanization)
しきさう (hiragana historical)


茶褐色

茶褐色 (canonical)
chakasshoku (romanization)

[t͡ɕa̠ka̠ɕːo̞kɯ̟]


幻日

幻(げん)日(じつ) • (genjitsu) ^(←げんじつ (genzitu)?)

幻日 (canonical)
genjitsu (romanization)
genzitu (romanization)
げんじつ (hiragana historical)

[ɡẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑit͡sɨ]


海松

海松 (canonical)
海松 (canonical)
miru (romanization)

⟨mi₁ru⟩ → */mʲiru/ → /miru/
From Old Japanese, appearing in the Man'yōshū poetry anthology of roughly 759 CE. Further derivation unknown.
Cognate with Okinawan びーる (bīru), Northern Amami Ōshima びる (biru), Yaeyama べぃーれぃ (bïïrï).
The kanji spelling literally means “sea pine”.

Codium fragile
Codium fragile#Translingual

green sea or dead man's fingers of species Codium fragile

Short for 海松色 (miruiro): a dark yellowish-green color


海松

Compound of 海 (umi, “sea”) + 松 (matsu, “pine”).
First cited to roughly 935 CE.

Synonym of 海唐松 (umi karamatsu): a coral of the family Antipathidae

海唐松

(colloquial) green sea or dead man's fingers, of species Codium fragile


焼き場

Compound of 焼(や)き (yaki, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 焼(や)く (yaku)) + 場(ば) (ba, “place”).

com-ja

place or building where something is burnt


有明

From 有り (ari, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative”) and 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal”) forms of classical verb 有り (ari), “to exist”) + 明け (ake, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative”) forms of classical verb 明く (aku), “to open → to dawn”).

com

Short for 有明行灯 (ariake andon): a boxlike paper lantern used for walking at around night to dawn


うぐいすいろ

ja-noun

うぐいすいろ or ウグイスいろ • (uguisu-iro) ^(←うぐひすいろ (ugufisuiro)?)

うぐいすいろ (canonical)
ウグイスいろ (canonical)
uguisu-iro (romanization)
ugufisuiro (romanization)
うぐひすいろ (hiragana historical)

[ɯ̟ɡɯ̟isɨiɾo̞]

From 鶯(うぐいす) (uguisu, “Japanese bush warbler”) + 色(いろ) (iro, “color”).

ja-compound

Japanese bush warbler
Japanese bush warbler

a brown to olive green color reminiscent of the Japanese bush warbler


間接照明

ja-noun

間(かん)接(せつ)照(しょう)明(めい) • (kansetsu shōmei) ^(←かんせつせうめい (kansetuseumei)?)

間接照明 (canonical)
kansetsu shōmei (romanization)
kansetuseumei (romanization)
かんせつせうめい (hiragana historical)

[kã̠ɰ̃se̞t͡sɨ ɕo̞ːme̞ː]


サイリウム

[sa̠iɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


日向水

日向水 (canonical)
hinatamizu (romanization)

日向 (hinata, “where the sun shines”) + 水 (mizu, “water”)


さお

sao (romanization)
sawo (romanization)
さを (hiragana historical)

1928, Motojirō Kajii, Sakura no ki no shita ni wa [Under the cherry trees], Modern kanji and kana edition:

白い日光をさ青に煙らせている木の若芽

shiroi nikkō o sao ni kemuraseteiru ki no wakame


朱殷

2018, Mafumafu (lyrics and music), “朧月 [Hazy Moon]”:

For whom will I dance tonight?
I'm a hazy moon that's growing dim
The dark-red ends of the threads are reeling in
I wish they'll connect me with you

今宵は誰がために踊るのでしょう
霞む 私は朧月
手繰り寄せる 朱殷の糸口よ
貴方に続けと願う

Koyoi wa ta ga tame ni odoru no deshō
Kasumu watashi wa oborozuki
Taguriyoseru shuan no itoguchi yo
Anata ni tsuzuke to negau


きない

ja-adj

きない • (kinai) -i (adverbial きなく (kinaku))


金烏玉兎

金烏玉兎 (canonical)
kin'u gyokuto (romanization)

[kʲĩɰ̃ɯ̟ ɡʲo̞kɯ̟to̞]

Yojijukugo (四字熟語), from 金烏 (“the golden crow; the sun”) + 玉兎 (“the jade rabbit; the moon”), Chinese 金烏玉兔 /金乌玉兔 (jīnwūyùtù).

af

(literary) Synonym of 日月 (jitsugetsu, “the sun and the moon”)


にじいろ

nijiiro (romanization)
niziiro (romanization)
にじいろ (hiragana historical)


可視光

ja-noun

可(か)視(し)光(こう) • (kashikō) ^(←かしくわう (kasikwau)?)

可視光 (canonical)
kashikō (romanization)
kasikwau (romanization)
かしくわう (hiragana historical)


メンカラ

[mẽ̞ŋka̠ɾa̠]

(idol fandom) Short for メンバーカラー (menbā karā, “member color”).


彩度

彩度 (canonical)
saido (romanization)
さいど (hiragana historical)


色票

マンセル色票


でぞめしき

でぞめしき • (dezomeshiki) ^(←でぞめしき (dezomesiki)?)

dezomeshiki (romanization)
dezomesiki (romanization)
でぞめしき (hiragana historical)

Japanese New Year tradition among firefighting companies, including extravagant shows of prowess such as ladder-scaling


はだいろ

hadairo (romanization)
fadairo (romanization)
はだいろ (hiragana historical)

skin color (color like that of human skin)


極彩色

極(ごく)彩(さい)色(しき) • (gokusaishiki) ^(←ごくさいしき (gokusaisiki)?)

極彩色 (canonical)
gokusaishiki (romanization)
gokusaisiki (romanization)
ごくさいしき (hiragana historical)

From 極(ごく) (goku) + 彩色(さいしき) (saishiki).

(poetic) dazzling variety of bright colors


インジゴ

[ĩɲ̟d͡ʑiɡo̞]


銀灰色

銀(ぎん)灰(かい)色(しょく) • (ginkaishoku) ^(←ぎんくわいしよく (ginkwaisyoku)?)

銀灰色 (canonical)
ginkaishoku (romanization)
ginkwaisyoku (romanization)
ぎんくわいしよく (hiragana historical)

[ɡʲĩŋka̠iɕo̞kɯ̟]


みずのて

みずのて • (mizu no te) ^(←みづのて (midu no te)?)

mizu no te (romanization)
midu no te (romanization)
みづのて (hiragana historical)

曾て米國の田舍で火事があつた、水の手が惡くて、咄嗟の場合百ガロン（二石五斗）の牛乳をぶつ掛けて消防に及んだと云ふ話は、牛乳が米國の水だといふことを好く證明して居る。

Katsute Beikoku no inaka de kaji ga atta, mizu no te ga warukute, tossa no baai hyaku-garon (ni-koku go-to) no gyūnyū o butsukakete shōbō ni oyonda to iu hanashi wa, gyūnyū ga Beikoku no mizu da to iu koto wo yoku shōmei shite iru.

The story goes that there once was a fire in rural America, and the water supply was not good, so in haste 100 gallons (2 koku 5 to) of cows' milk was used to satisfaction in firefighting. This proves well that milk is America's water.


ツートン

ツートン外壁


薪柴

薪(しん)柴(さい) • (shinsai) ^(←しんさい (sinsai)?)

薪柴 (canonical)
shinsai (romanization)
sinsai (romanization)
しんさい (hiragana historical)


ピンクい

ja-adj

ピンクい • (pinkui) -i (adverbial ピンクく (pinkuku))

pinkui (romanization)
ピンクく (adverbial)
ピンクかろ (imperfective stem)
pinkukaro (imperfective stem)
ピンクく (continuative stem)
pinkuku (continuative stem)
ピンクい (stem terminative)
pinkui (stem terminative)
ピンクい (attributive stem)
pinkui (attributive stem)
ピンクけれ (hypothetical stem)
pinkukere (hypothetical stem)
ピンクかれ (imperative stem)
pinkukare (imperative stem)
ピンクくない (informal negative)
pinkuku nai (informal negative)
ピンクかった (informal past)
pinkukatta (informal past)
ピンクくなかった (informal negative past)
pinkuku nakatta (informal negative past)
ピンクいです (formal)
pinkui desu (formal)
ピンクくないです (formal negative)
pinkuku nai desu (formal negative)
ピンクかったです (formal past)
pinkukatta desu (formal past)
ピンクくなかったです (formal negative past)
pinkuku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
ピンクくて (conjunctive)
pinkukute (conjunctive)
ピンクければ (conditional)
pinkukereba (conditional)
ピンクかったら (conditional past)
pinkukattara (conditional past)
ピンクかろう (volitional)
pinkukarō (volitional)
ピンクく (adverbial)
pinkuku (adverbial)
ピンクさ (noun-from-adj)
pinkusa (noun-from-adj)

Compound of ピンク (pinku, “pink”) + い (-i, “-ic”), color sense is initially used in Okinawa and Nagoya.


さしいろ

sashiiro (romanization)
sasiiro (romanization)
さしいろ (hiragana historical)


いろじろ

irojiro (romanization)
iroziro (romanization)
いろじろ (hiragana historical)

From 色(いろ) (iro, “hue; complexion”) + 白(しろ) (shiro, “white”). The shiro changes to jiro as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

色白の人

彼氏は色白だ。

a fair-skinned person; a fair complexion


パールグレー

ja-noun

パールグレー • (pāru gurē)

[pa̠ːɾɯ̟ ɡɯ̟ɾe̞ː]


パールホワイト

[pa̠ːɾɯ̟ ho̞β̞a̠ito̞]


蘇芳

蘇(す)芳(おう) or 蘇芳(スオウ) • (suō) ^(←すはう (sufau)?)

蘇芳 (canonical)
蘇芳 (canonical)
suō (romanization)
sufau (romanization)
すはう (hiragana historical)

Biancaea sappan
Biancaea sappan#Translingual


おしいろ

(fandom slang) color that is associated with the idol that one stans


黄蘗

Chinese 黃蘗 /黄蘗 (huángbò), in Chinese more commonly written 黃檗／黄檗 (huángbò).

zh-l

黃檗／黄檗 (huángbò)

an extract of the bark of the Amur cork tree, used for its brilliant yellow colour as a dye and in traditional Chinese medicine


黄蘗色

黄蘗色 (canonical)
kihadairo (romanization)

From 黄蘗(きはだ) (kihada, “Amur cork tree”) + 色(いろ) (iro, “colour”), referring to the fact that yellow dye was historically manufactured from the bark of the tree.