円

Japanese simplification of 圓, via a simplified character similar to 𠮚.
Specifically, starting in the beginning of the Meiji period, the 員 in the middle of the character was abbreviated to 丨 in handwriting. As time went on, the bottom stroke of 囗 gradually rose, until by the time of the adoption of the shinjitai characters, it had reached or even surpassed the box's centre.


円

円 (canonical)
en (romanization)
wen (romanization)
ゑん (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 円

→ English: yen

→ Vietnamese: yên

→ French: yen

→ German: Yen

→ Greek: γιεν (gien)

→ Korean: 엔 (en)

→ Portuguese: iene

→ Russian: иена (ijena)

→ Thai: เยน (yeen)

/wen/ → /eɴ/
From Middle Chinese 圓 (MC zjwen|hjwen), with the original sense of "circle, roundness".
The yen sense came much later in the Meiji period, from Chinese 圓／圆 (yuán), itself from 銀圓／银圆 (yínyuán, “round silver object(s), especially a piece of eight”). Compare Chinese 元 (yuán, “yuan”) and Korean 원 (won, “Korean won”). Doublet of 元 (gen, “yuan (Chinese currency)”), ユアン (yuan, “yuan (Chinese currency)”), and ウォン (won, “won (Korean currency)”).
The yen became the official currency of Japan in 1871, succeeding the 両 (ryō) and the 文 (mon).

doublet

one yen is equal to 100 銭 (sen)

1989 November 10 [1988 May 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “ミニチュア製造カメラ [Miniature-Generating Camera]”, in 征地球論 [A Debate over Conquering Earth] (藤子・Ｆ・不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 3), 2nd edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第二章, page 322:

Okay, 10 million yen then. 1 million! 100,000! 10,000!

一千万円でいい 百万円！十万円！一万円！

Issenman-en de ii Hyakuman-en! Jūman-en! Ichiman-en!

一千万円でいい 百万円！十万円！一万円！


円

円 (canonical)
En (romanization)
Wen (romanization)
ゑん (hiragana historical)


円

/maro/ → /maru/
Sound shift from maro above.


円

ja-pos

円(のどか) or 円(つぶら) or 円(まどか) or 円(まろか) or 円(みつ) or 円(めぐる) • (Nodoka or Tsubura or Madoka or Maroka or Mitsu or Meguru)

円 (canonical)
円 (canonical)
円 (canonical)
円 (canonical)
円 (canonical)
円 (canonical)
Nodoka (romanization)
Tsubura (romanization)
Madoka (romanization)
Maroka (romanization)
Mitsu (romanization)
Meguru (romanization)


法

法 (canonical)
hō (romanization)
fafu (romanization)
はふ (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 法 (MC pjop). Originally, the kan'on was はふ (fafu), and the goon was ほふ (fofu), although both became ほう (hō) in modern Japanese. It is suggested that the kan'on was used in the general senses, while the goon was used in Buddhist contexts.


ユーロ

ja-noun

ユーロ • (yūro)

euro (currency unit of the European Monetary Union)


ドル

Dollar
Kōjien
Meiji period
Shinmura Izuru
ja:ドル

From Dutch dollar. Originally transcribed phonetically into Japanese as ドルラル (doruraru), then shortened during the Meiji period to just ドル (doru).

a dollar (designation for specific currency)


ポンド

pound (various national former/current currency)


タカ

Borrowed from Bengali টাকা (ṭaka), from Sanskrit टङ्क (ṭaṅka).


セント

Borrowed from English cent.
First cited to 1860.

cent (various national currencies, ¹⁄₁₀₀ of a unit)


Reinterpretation of the ligature ㌠ as さん (-san, title used after person's name) + チーム (chīmu, “team”).


レアル

real, former unit of currency of Spain and Spain's colonies


ペソ

From Spanish peso or Portuguese peso.
First cited in Japanese to a text from 1860.

peso (various national former/current currency)

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:ペソ


ルーブル

[ɾɯ̟ːbɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

Borrowed from English ruble, from Russian рубль (rublʹ).


フラン

franc (French, Luxembourgish and Belgian former currency)


人民元

人民元 (canonical)
jinmingen (romanization)


リラ

lira (various national former/current currency)


ディナール

ja-noun

ディナール • (dināru)

[dʲina̠ːɾɯ̟]

1994 April 30 [1991 August 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, のび太(た)のドラビアンナイト [Nobita’s Dorabian Nights] (大長編ドラえもん; 11), 5th edition, volume 11 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 50:

This is a dinar gold coin. Hmm, it’s worth about five thousand yen.

これがディナール金貨。ま、五千円ぐらいの値うちでしょう。

Kore ga dināru kinka. Ma, gosen-en gurai no neuchi deshō.

ja:ディナール
ja:ディナール (曖昧さ回避)


ディルハム

A silver dirham coin. Roughly thirty thousand yen.

ディルハム銀貨。三万円ほどかな。


エスクード

escudo (Portuguese and Chilean former currency; Cape Verdean current currency)


クローネ

krone (Icelandic, Danish and Norwegian currency)


ギルダー

guilder (Dutch and Surinamese former currency; current currency in the islands of Netherlands Antilles)


ルピー

ルピー • (rupī)

rupee (various national former/current currency)


サンチーム

centime (French former currency, ¹⁄₁₀₀ of a franc)


ピアストル

piastre (Spanish former currency, worth 8 real)


ペニヒ

pfennig (German former currency, ¹⁄₁₀₀ of a mark)


ウォン

From Korean 원(圓) (won). Doublet of 円 (en, “yen (Japanese currency)”), 元 (gen, “yuan (Chinese currency)”), and ユアン (yuan, “yuan (Chinese currency)”).


シリング

shilling (various national coins and currencies)


コルナ

koruna (current Czech and former Slovak currency)


ペンス

penny, pence (various national currency and value)


ユアン

Borrowed from Mandarin 元 (yuán). Doublet of 円 (en, “yen (Japanese currency)”), 元 (gen, “yuan (Chinese currency)”), and ウォン (won, “won (Korean currency)”).


米ドル

[be̞ːdo̞ɾɯ̟]

米 (Bei, “United States”) + ドル (doru, “dollar”)


フリヴニャ

[ɸɯ̟ɾʲibɯ̟ɲ̟a̠]

Borrowed from Ukrainian гри́вня (hrývnja).


B円

Designated "B" as it was intended for civilian use, while the "A-yen" was used by military personnels.

(historical) B yen, a scrip issued by U.S. Occupation in Okinawa


特別引出権

ja-noun

とくべつ ひきだし けん

特(とく)別(べつ)引(ひき)出(だし)権(けん) • (tokubetsu hikidashi ken)

特別引出権 (canonical)
tokubetsu hikidashi ken (romanization)

Compound of 特別 (tokubetsu, “special”) + 引出 (hikidashi, “drawing; withdrawal”) + 権 (ken, “rights”). Calque of English special drawing right.

compound

special drawing right
special drawing right