森

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).
Probably cognate with 盛り (mori, “heap, pile”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 盛る (moru, “to heap up, to build up into a significant amount”), from the way a forest can look like a heap or mound from a distance.

Mori (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

Mori (a town in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


日の出

From 日(ひ) (hi, “sun”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 出(で) (de, “coming out”).

ja-com

Hinode (a town in Nishitama district, Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


雨竜

Uryū (a town in Uryū district, Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


薩摩

薩摩川内

薩摩川内 さつませんだい

(薩摩町 or さつま町) Satsuma (a town in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


河南

Kanan (a town in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


川崎

→ Chinese: 川崎 (Chuānqí)

→ English: Kawasaki

→ Russian: Каваса́ки m (Kavasáki)

Compound of 川(かわ) (kawa, “river”) + 崎(さき) (saki, “headland”). Literally, “river cape”.

Kawasaki (the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan; a ward of Kawasaki; a station in Kawasaki); also:

a town in Tagawa district, Fukuoka Prefecture; a place in Kawasaki

a town in Shibata district, Miyagi Prefecture


吉田

Yoshida (a town in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


河内

河内 (canonical)
Kawachi (romanization)
Kafati (romanization)
かはち (hiragana historical)

[ka̠β̞a̠ɯ̟t͡ɕi]

Kawachi (places in Japan):
a town in Ibaraki Prefecture

Kawachi (places in Japan):
a town in Tochigi Prefecture


福島

[ɸɯ̟kɯ̟ɕima̠]

Fukushima (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


豊富

Compound of 豊 (toyo, “bounteous, ample”) + 富み (tomi, “riches”, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 富(と)む (tomu, “to accumulate, to become bounteous, to become rich”)). Also analyzable as a shift in reading from the regular on'yomi of hōfu to the expected kun'yomi for these same characters.
The town's official name was set to Toyotomi in 1940, but the area had that name earlier, likely from some time in the late 1800s or early 1900s. See also Toyotomi, Hokkaido on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

pedia

Toyotomi (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


鳩山

ja:鳩山 ja:鳩山由紀夫

Hatoyama (a town in Hiki district, Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


そうべつ

壮瞥: a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan


石川

ja-pos

石(いし)川(かわ) • (Ishikawa) ^(←いしかは (Isikafa)?)

石(いし)川(がわ) • (Ishigawa) ^(←いしがは (Isigafa)?)

石川 (canonical)
Ishikawa (romanization)
Isikafa (romanization)
いしかは (hiragana historical)
石川 (canonical)
Ishigawa (romanization)
Isigafa (romanization)
いしがは (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 石川 (Shíchuān)

→ English: Ishikawa, Ishigawa

[iɕiɡa̠β̞a̠]

Compound of 石(いし) (ishi, “stone”) + 川(かわ) (kawa, “river”). The kawa changes to gawa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-com

Ishikawa (a town in Ishikawa district, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)


小野

小野 (canonical)
Ono (romanization)
Wono (romanization)
をの (hiragana historical)

Ono (a town in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)


長島

Nagashima (a town in Izumi district, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


二宮

a town in Haga district, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan

a town in Naka district, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan


原口

[ha̠ɾa̠ɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]

[ha̠ɾɯ̟ɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]

Compound of 原(はら) (hara, “field, plain”) + 口(くち) (kuchi, “mouth; opening”). Literally, “field opening”.

The towns in Isahaya, Ōmura and Shimabara, Nagasaki Prefecture


最上

Mogami (a town in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


那須

Nasu (a town in Nasu district, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


金山

Kaneyama (a town in Kaminoyama, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


信濃

First attested in Kojiki, as man'yōgana 斯那奴(しなぬ) (shinanu) and kanji 科野, which later became 信野, and finally 信濃. Further origin remains unknown.

Shinano (a town in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


大井

大井 (canonical)
Ōi (romanization)
Ofowi (romanization)
おほゐ (hiragana historical)


播磨

Harima (a town in Kako district, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


関ヶ原

ja-pos

関(せき)ヶ原(はら) or 関(せき)ヶ原(はら) • (Sekigahara)

関ヶ原 (canonical)
Sekigahara (romanization)


一宮

一宮 (canonical)
Ichinomiya (romanization)

a town in Hoi district, Aichi Prefecture, Japan

a town in Chōsei district, Chiba Prefecture, Japan

a town in Higashiyatsushiro district, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan

a town in Shisō district, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan

a town in Tsuna district, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan


大内

大内 (canonical)
Ōuchi (romanization)
Ofouti (romanization)
おほうち (hiragana historical)

From 大(おお) (ō, “great”) + 内(うち) (uchi, “inside”).

ja-compound

(historical) a town in Yoshiki district, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan

(historical) a town in Hata district, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan


大内

(historical) a town in Ōkawa district, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan


安達

ja:安達氏 ja:安達町 ja:安達郡

a town in Adachi district, Fukushima Prefecture


河原

河原 (canonical)
Kawara (romanization)
Kafara (romanization)
かはら (hiragana historical)

[ka̠β̞a̠ɾa̠]

⟨kapa para⟩ → /kap̚para/ → ⟨kapara⟩ → /kaɸara/ → /kawara/
From Old Japanese.
Shift from a compound of 河 (kawa, “river”) + 原 (hara, “plain”).

Kawara (a town in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


志賀

Attested in the Man’yōshū, c. 759, in reference to Shikanoshima.


富岡

Tomioka (a town in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)


神崎

Kōzaki (a town in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


秋津

ja:秋津村 ja:秋津町 ja:秋津駅

Akitsu (a town in Higashimurayama, Tokyo prefecture, Japan)

Akitsu (a town in Meitoku district, Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan)

Akitsu (a town in Higashi district, Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


東江

a town in Nago, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan


金成

金成 (canonical)
Kanari (romanization)
金成 (canonical)
Kannari (romanization)


八尾

八尾 (canonical)
Yatsuo (romanization)
Yatwo (romanization)
やつを (hiragana historical)

Compound of 八 (yatsu, “eight”) + 尾 (o, “tail”).

(historical) Yatsuo (a town in Nei, Toyama Prefecture, Japan) [–2005]


瀬戸内

Setouchi (a town in the Amami Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


三笠

(historical) Mikasa (a town in Izumi district, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


遠野

a town in Kamihei district, Iwate Prefecture, Japan

a town in Iwaki district, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan


日進

日 (“day”) + 進 (“to advance; to progress”)

af

Nisshin (a town in Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Japan)

Nisshin (a town in Kawasaki, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


日南

Nichinan (a town in Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


東郷

ja-pos

東(とう)郷(ごう) • (Tōgō)

Tōgō (a town in Aichi district, Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


賀茂

any of various places in Japan
a town in Hiroshima Prefecture

any of various places in Japan
a town in Okayama Prefecture

any of various places in Japan
a town in Shimane Prefecture

any of various places in Japan
a town in Tokushima Prefecture

any of various places in Japan
a town in Yamagata Prefecture


新橋

Compound of 新(しん) (shin, “new”) + 橋(はし) (hashi, “bridge”). The hashi changes to bashi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

com-ja

a town in Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture, Japan


香春

Kawara (a town in Tagawa district, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


厚真

Atsuma (a town in Iburi subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan)


小雀

From 小 (ko, “small”) + 雀 (suzume, “sparrow”).

Kosuzume (a town in Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan)


与那国

[jo̞na̠ɡɯ̟ɲ̟i]

Yonaguni (a town and island of Yaeyama district, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan; the westmost inhabited island of Japan)


八雲

八雲町: Yakumo (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


会津坂下

会津坂下 (canonical)
Aizubange (romanization)

a town in Kawanuma district, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan


色丹

Malokurilskoye (a town in Shikotan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


金武

Kin (a town in Kunigami district, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


亘理

[β̞a̠ta̠ɾʲi]

Watari (a town in Watari district, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)


松前

松前町: Matsumae (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


松前

松前町: Masaki (a town in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


八頭

Yazu (a town in Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


当別

ja-pos

当(とう)別(べつ) • (Tōbetsu) ^(←たうべつ (Taubetu)?)

当別 (canonical)
Tōbetsu (romanization)
Taubetu (romanization)
たうべつ (hiragana historical)

Ainu トペッ (topet, literally “swamp river”)

bor

当別町

Tōbetsu (a town in Ishikari subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan)


北広島

北広島 (canonical)
Kitahiroshima (romanization)

ja:北広島市 ja:北広島町

Kitahiroshima (a town in Yamagata district, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


七飯

七飯町: Nanae (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


木古内

Kikonai (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


知内

[ɕiɾʲiɯ̟t͡ɕi]

知内町: Shiriuchi (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


鹿部

Shikabe (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


長万部

長万部 (canonical)
Oshamanbe (romanization)

Oshamambe (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


厚沢部

Assabu (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


江差

Borrowed from Ainu エサウㇱイ (esaus i), meaning "place where the head is on the beach" or "the cape".

Esashi (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


上ノ国

上ノ国 (canonical)
Kaminokuni (romanization)

Kaminokuni (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


酒々井

Shisui (a town in Inba district, Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


一戸

a town in Ninohe district, Iwate Prefecture, Japan


三戸

a town in Sannohe district, Aomori Prefecture, Japan


七戸

七戸 (canonical)
Shichinohe (romanization)

a town in Kamikita district, Aomori Prefecture, Japan


笠置

Kasagi (a town in Sōraku district, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)


赤穂

a town in Kamiina district, Nagano Prefecture, Japan


赤穂

赤穂 (canonical)
Akō (romanization)
Akafo (romanization)
あかほ (hiragana historical)

a town in Akō district, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan


上五島

a town in Minamimatsuura district, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan


足柄

(historical) a town in Ashigarashimo district, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan


南幌

南 (“south”) + Ainu ポロ (“big”). See also 札幌 (Sapporo).

Nanporo (a town in Sorachi district, Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


奈井江

Most likely from Ainu ナイ (nay) ("a river")

Naie (a town in Sorachi district, Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


由仁

Yuni (a town in Yūbari district, Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


浦臼

According to one theory, from Ainu ウライ ウㇱ ナイ (uray us nay), meaning "river of many fish traps".

Urausu (a town in Kabato district, Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


六郷

ja-pos

六(ろく)郷(ごう) • (Rokugō) ^(←ろくがう (Rokugau)?)

六郷 (canonical)
Rokugō (romanization)
Rokugau (romanization)
ろくがう (hiragana historical)

(historical) Rokugō (a town in Senboku district, Akita Prefecture)

(historical) Rokugō (a town in Nishiyatsushiro district, Yamanashi Prefecture)

(historical) Rokugō (a town in Ebara district, Tokyo prefecture)


七ヶ宿

七ヶ宿 (canonical)
Shichikashuku (romanization)

a town in Katta district, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan


七ヶ浜

七ヶ浜 (canonical)
Shichigahama (romanization)

a town in Miyagi district, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan


五ヶ瀬

a town in Nishiusuki district, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan


保土ケ谷

保土ケ谷 (canonical)
Hodogaya (romanization)

(history) a town in Tachibana district, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan


吉野ヶ里

吉野ヶ里 (canonical)
Yoshinogari (romanization)

a town in Kanzaki district, Saga Prefecture, Japan


外ヶ浜

外ヶ浜 (canonical)
Sotogahama (romanization)

a town in Higashitsugaru district, Aomori Prefecture, Japan


金ケ崎

金ケ崎 (canonical)
Kanegasaki (romanization)

a town in Isawa district, Iwate Prefecture, Japan


鰺ヶ沢

鰺ヶ沢 (canonical)
Ajigasawa (romanization)

a town in Nishitsugaru district, Aomori Prefecture, Japan


早稲田

From 早稲 (wase, wasa-) + 田 (ta, “field; paddy”). The form wasada uses the combining prefix form of 早稲 (wase), which is wasa-. The ta changes to da as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


与那原

a town in Shimajiri district, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan


真間

a town in Ichikawa, Chiba Prefecture, Japan


妹背牛

Borrowed from Ainu モセウシ (mose usi, “many nettles”).


与論

Compare Yoron 与論 (Yunnu), from an earlier form *yonno.

Yoron (a town in Yoronjima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)

与論島方言

与論島方言 よろんじまほうげん


大洗

大洗町: Ōarai (a town in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


標津

Shibetsu (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


長瀞

Nagatoro (a town in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


黒松内

黒松内 (canonical)
Kuromatsunai (romanization)

Kuromatsunai (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


蘭越

Rankoshi (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)