モントピリア

From English Montpelier, from French Montpellier. Doublet of モンペリエ (Monperie).

Montpelier (the capital city of Vermont)

Montpelier (an area of Brighton, England)


モンペリエ

From French Montpellier. Doublet of モントピリア (Montopiria).

Montpellier (a city, the regional capital of Languedoc-Roussillon, France)


セントビンセント・グレナディーン

ja-pos

セント ビンセント・グレナディーン

セントビンセント・グレナディーン • (Sento Binsento Gurenadīn)

セントビンセント (Sento Binsento, “Saint Vincent”) + グレナディーン (Gurenadīn, “Grenadines”), calque of English Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

calque

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines#English

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)

ja:セントビンセント・グレナディーン


アンティグア・グアテマラ

[ã̠ntʲiɡɯ̟a̠ ɡɯ̟a̠te̞ma̠ɾa̠]

Borrowed from Spanish Antigua Guatemala.

ja:アンティグア・グアテマラ


バーブーダ

ja-pos

バーブーダ • (Bābūda)

Borrowed from English Barbuda, from Spanish Barbuda.


セントジョンズ

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda#English

St. John's (the capital city of Antigua and Barbuda)

Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador#English

St. John's (the capital city of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada)


セントジョンズ

St. Johns (a river in Florida, United States)


セントジョンズ

St Johns (a village in Worcestershire, England)

St Johns (a town in South Australia, Australia)


セントジョンズ

Saint Johns (a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand)


セントジョン

Saint John (a city in New Brunswick, Canada)

Saint John (a river in the United States and Canada)

Saint John (an island of the Virgin Islands)


セントビンセント

From English Saint Vincent. Doublet of サン゠ヴァンサン (San-Vansan) and サン・ヴィセンテ (San Vinsente).

doublet

ja:セントビンセント島


セントビンセント

ja:セントビンセント島


サン゠ヴァンサン

[sã̠nbã̠ɰ̃sã̠ɴ]

From French Saint-Vincent. Doublet of セントビンセント (Sento Binsento) and サン・ヴィセンテ (San Vinsente).


サン・ヴィセンテ

From Portuguese São Vicente. Doublet of セントビンセント (Sento Binsento) and サン゠ヴァンサン (San-Vansan).

ja:サン・ヴィセンテ島


グレナディーン

ja:グレナディーン諸島


ノースキングスタウン

ja:ノースキングスタウン (ロードアイランド州)


サウスキングスタウン

ja:サウスキングスタウン (ロードアイランド州)


ニューサウスウェールズ

ja-pos

ニュー サウス ウェールズ

ニューサウスウェールズ • (Nyū Sausu Wēruzu)

ja:ニューサウスウェールズ州


カーディフ

カーディフ • (Kādifu)

Cardiff (a city and county, the capital and largest city of Wales)

City of Lake Macquarie
City of Lake Macquarie#English

Cardiff (a suburb of the City of Lake Macquarie, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia)

Haliburton County
Haliburton County#English

Cardiff (a community of the township of Highlands East, Haliburton County, Ontario, Canada)

Cardiff (a hamlet in Sturgeon County, in central Alberta, Canada)

Cardiff (a small rural settlement in the region of Taranaki, New Zealand)

Jefferson County
Jefferson County#English

Cardiff (a tiny town in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States)

Livingston County
Livingston County#English

Cardiff (a ghost town in Livingston County, Illinois, United States)

Cardiff (an unincorporated community in Harford County, Maryland, United States)

Egg Harbor Township
Egg Harbor Township#English

Cardiff (an unincorporated community in Egg Harbor Township, Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States)

Cardiff (a small hamlet in Onandaga County, New York, United States)

Cardiff (a ghost town in Roane County, Tennessee, United States)


カーボベルデ共和国

カーボ ベルデ きょうわこく

カーボベルデ共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Kābo Berude Kyōwakoku)

カーボベルデ共和国 (canonical)
Kābo Berude Kyōwakoku (romanization)

カーボベルデ (Kābo Berude, “Cape Verde”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

compound

Republic of Cabo Verde
Republic of Cabo Verde


象牙海岸共和国

ja-pos

ぞうげ かいがん きょうわこく

象(ぞう)牙(げ)海(かい)岸(がん)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Zōge Kaigan Kyōwakoku)

象牙海岸共和国 (canonical)
Zōge Kaigan Kyōwakoku (romanization)

象牙海岸 (Zōge Kaigan, “Ivory Coast”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

af

そうげかいがんきょうわこく'

コートジボワール共和国 コートジボワール共和国#Japanese

Republic of Côte d'Ivoire
Republic of Côte d'Ivoire

(obsolete) Synonym of コートジボワール共和国 (Kōto Jibowāru Kyōwakoku, “Republic of Côte d'Ivoire”)


コートジボワール共和国

ja-pos

コート ジボワール きょうわこく

コートジボワール共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Kōto Jibowāru Kyōwakoku)

コートジボワール共和国 (canonical)
Kōto Jibowāru Kyōwakoku (romanization)

コートジボワール (Kōto Jibowāru, “Côte d'Ivoire”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)


伯刺西爾

伯刺西爾 (canonical)
Burajiru (romanization)

Misspelling of 伯剌西爾 (“Obsolete spelling of ブラジル (“Brazil (a country)”).”).


ケイマン諸島

ケイマン諸島 (canonical)
Keiman Shotō (romanization)

ケイマン (Keiman, “Cayman”) + 諸島 (shotō, “archipelago”), calque of English Cayman Islands

compound

Cayman Islands (three islands constituting an overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean Sea)


八尾

八尾 (canonical)
Yao (romanization)
Yawo (romanization)
やを (hiragana historical)

Compound of 八 (ya, “eight”) + 尾 (o, “tail”).


八尾

八尾 (canonical)
Yatsuo (romanization)
Yatwo (romanization)
やつを (hiragana historical)

Compound of 八 (yatsu, “eight”) + 尾 (o, “tail”).

(historical) Yatsuo (a town in Nei, Toyama Prefecture, Japan) [–2005]


フリースラント

ja:フリースラント ja:フリースラント州


シンシナティ

ja:シンシナティ (曖昧さ回避)


モンレアル

From French Montréal. Doublet of モントリオール (Montoriōru).

Montréal (a commune of the Ardèche department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)

Montréal (a commune of the Aude department, Occitanie, France)

Montréal (a commune of the Gers department, Occitanie, France)

Montréal (a commune of the Yonne department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)


ニューイングランド

[ɲ̟ɨː ĩŋɡɯ̟ɾã̠ndo̞]

ja:ニューイングランド


サスカチュワン

[sa̠sɨka̠t͡ɕɨβ̞ã̠ɴ]


アルバータ

[a̠ɾɯ̟ba̠ːta̠]


ニューブランズウィック

ja-pos

ニュー ブランズウィック

[ɲ̟ɨː bɯ̟ɾã̠nd͡zɨβ̞ik̚kɯ̟]

ja:ニューブランズウィック


恒春

As a Taiwanese placename, from Chinese 恆春 /恒春 (Héngchūn, “Hengchun”, lit. “ever-spring”)


富良野

From Ainu フラヌィ (huranuy, “sulfurous place”). The kanji is ateji (当て字).


澄海

(〜区) Chenghai (a district of Shantou, Guangdong, China)

(〜県) (historical) Chenghai (a county of Guangdong, China)


鵝鑾鼻

[ɡa̠ɾã̠mbʲi]

Orthographic borrowing from Hokkien 鵝鑾鼻 /鹅銮鼻 (Gô-loân-phīⁿ), probably from Paiwan goran (“sail”) and Hokkien 鼻 (phīⁿ, “nose, prominence, cape”).


ラサ

Likely via English Lhasa, from Tibetan ལྷ་ས (lha sa), from Old Tibetan ར་ས (ra sa).

Lhasa (the capital city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


芝罘

ja-pos

芝罘(チーフー) • (Chīfū)

Borrowed from English Chefoo, from Mandarin 芝罘 (Zhīfú).

Zhifu (a district of Yantai, Shandong, China)


千歳

Chitose (a city in Ishikari, Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Chitose (a district of Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Chitose (a village in Chitose district, Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Chitose (a village in Ōtomari district, Karafuto prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Chitose (a village in Higashimurayama district, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Chitose (a village in Asai district, Chiba Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Chitose (a village in Awa district, Chiba Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Chitose (a village in Minamikuwada district, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Chitose (a village in Kitatama district, Tokyo prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Chitose (a village in Kanzaki district, Saga Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Chitose (a village in Ōno district, Ōita Prefecture, Japan)


宮古

Miyako (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)

宮古翡翠

宮古翡翠 みやこしょうびん

宮古上布

宮古上布 みやこじょうふ

宮古諸島

宮古諸島 みやこしょとう


塩湖

Compound from 塩(えん) (en, “salt”) + 湖(こ) (ko, “lake”).


張家口

Zhangjiakou (a prefecture-level city in Hebei, China)


イギリス領インド洋地域

^イギリス りょう ^インドよう ^ち.いき

イギリス領(りょう)インド洋(よう)地(ち)域(いき) • (Igirisu ryō Indoyō Chiiki)

イギリス領インド洋地域 (canonical)
Igirisu ryō Indoyō Chiiki (romanization)

イギリス (Igirisu, “Britain”) + 領 (ryō, “under the government of”) + インド洋 (Indoyō, “Indian Ocean”) + 地域 (chiiki, “territory”), calque of English British Indian Ocean Territory.

cal

British Indian Ocean Territory
British Indian Ocean Territory#English

British Indian Ocean Territory (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Indian Ocean)

ja:イギリス領インド洋地域


イギリス領南極地域

ja-pos

^イギリス りょう ^なんきょく ^ち.いき

イギリス領(りょう)南(なん)極(きょく)地(ち)域(いき) • (Igirisu ryō Nankyoku Chiiki)

イギリス領南極地域 (canonical)
Igirisu ryō Nankyoku Chiiki (romanization)

イギリス (Igirisu, “Britain”) + 領 (ryō, “under the government of”) + 南極 (Nankyoku, “South Pole”) + 地域 (chiiki, “territory”), calque of English British Antarctic Territory

cal

British Antarctic Territory
British Antarctic Territory#English

South Orkney Islands
South Orkney Islands

South Shetland Islands
South Shetland Islands

British Antarctic Territory (an overseas territory in the Antarctic administered by the United Kingdom, and also including the South Orkney Islands and South Shetland Islands)

ja:イギリス領南極地域


イギリス領ソマリランド

ja-pos

^イギリス りょう ^ソマリランド

イギリス領(りょう)ソマリランド • (Igirisu ryō Somarirando)

イギリス領ソマリランド (canonical)
Igirisu ryō Somarirando (romanization)

イギリス (Igirisu, “Britain”) + 領 (ryō, “under the government of”) + ソマリランド (Somarirando, “Somaliland”), calque of English British Somaliland.

af

ja:イギリス領ソマリランド


保守党

ja-pos

保(ほ)守(しゅ)党(とう) • (Hoshutō) ^(←ほしゆたう (Fosyutau)?)

保守党 (canonical)
Hoshutō (romanization)
Fosyutau (romanization)
ほしゆたう (hiragana historical)

[ho̞ɕɨ̥to̞ː]

保守 (hoshu, “conservatism”) + 党 (tō, “party”)

com

the Conservative Party (party with conservative views in various countries)


チェスターフィールド

ja-pos

チェスターフィールド • (Chesutāfīrudo)

[t͡ɕe̞sɨ̥ta̠ːɸʲiːɾɯ̟do̞]

ja:チェスターフィールド


トーキー

トーキー • (Tōkī)

ja:トーキー (イングランド)
ja:トーキー (曖昧さ回避)


トーベイ

トーベイ • (Tōbei)


ブリテン諸島

ブリテン諸島 (canonical)
Buriten Shotō (romanization)

ブリテン (Buriten, “Britain”) + 諸島 (shotō, “archipelago”), calque of English British Isles.


イギリス諸島

イギリス諸島 (canonical)
Igirisu Shotō (romanization)

イギリス (Igirisu, “Britain”) + 諸島 (shotō, “archipelago”), calque of English British Isles.

ブリテン諸島 ブリテン諸島#Japanese

Synonym of ブリテン諸島 (Buriten Shotō, “British Isles”)


ジャンムー・カシミール

ja-pos

ジャンムー・カシミール • (Janmū Kashimīru)

ja:ジャンムー・カシミール州


大公国

大公国 (canonical)
taikōkoku (romanization)

From 大公 (taikō, “grand duke”) + 国 (-koku, “country”).

suf

ルクセンブルク大公国


種子島

種子島 (canonical)
Tanegashima (romanization)

Daijisen
Nihon Shoki
Tanegashima
Tanegashima (gun)
ja:松村明
ja:種子島

Analyzable as a compound of 種 (tane, “seed”) + が (ga, ancient genitive or possessive particle) + 島 (shima, “island”).
The 種子 spelling for the tane portion is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), using the spelling from a Chinese-derived synonym.
First mentioned in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE with the spelling 多禰嶋, where 多禰 (tane) appears to be a phonetic spelling of 種 (tane, “seed”), and 嶋 is an alternative form of 島 (shima, “island”).
The matchlock sense arose as an abbreviation of either 種子島銃 (Tanegashima jū, literally “Tanegashima gun”) or 種子島鉄砲 (Tanegashima teppō, literally “Tanegashima cannon”), which names arose due to matchlocks first being imported to Japan by the Portuguese in 1543, via the island of Tanegashima.
This sense is first cited to a text from 1607, but it was likely in use before this date.

compound

多禰島, 多禰嶋: Tanegashima (an island in Kagoshima Prefecture)


ファーガソン

ja-pos

ファーガソン • (Fāgason)


ファーガス

ファーガス • (Fāgasu)


親知らず

親知らず (canonical)
Oyashirazu (romanization)

Battle of Dan-no-ura
Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nagaoka, Niigata
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:平頼盛
ja:親知らず

Compound of 親 (oya, “parent”) + 知らず (shirazu, “not know”, classical negative form of the verb 知る (shiru, “to know”)).
First cited definitively to 1595, although the place name might be based on a poem from the early 1100s.
Additional information about the place name
The longer version of the place name is 親不知子不知 (Oyashirazu Koshirazu, literally “not knowing parents, not knowing children”), and might come from a poem written by the wife of the samurai 平頼盛 (Taira no Yorimori) in the late 12th century, in memory of her two-year-old son who had perished there. People in those days could only bypass the cliff by traversing a narrow strip of land at sea level, and in stormy weather, huge breakers could easily sweep people away unless they held on tightly to the rocks, an act said to make them forget about their parents and/or children. The young boy had been swept away by such a wave as he and his mother traversed the base of the cliff while they fled to 五百刈 (Gohyakkari) village (currently part of present-day Nagaoka) following the Battle of Dan-no-ura.
The alternative spelling 親不知 uses the 漢文 (kanbun) spelling 不知 for the shirazu portion.

compound

classical negative form of the verb <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">知る</i> (shiru, “to know”)

col-top

Specifically, the name for a stretch of 断層海岸 (dansō kaigan, literally “(geologic) fault coast”), a specific kind of submergent coastline, in 青海町 (Ōmi-machi) in the southwest of Niigata Prefecture, where the 北陸道 (Hokurikudō) ran close to the sea and where surf conditions could become quite dangerous.

A cliff-lined coast in Itoigawa, Niigata Prefecture, Japan

Specifically, the name for a stretch of road along a similar area of dangerous coast in 清水区 (Shimizu-ku, “Shimizu Ward”) in 静岡市 (Shizuoka-shi).

A cliff-lined coast in Shizuoka, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan


南スーダン共和国

ja-pos

みなみ スーダン きょうわこく

南(みなみ)スーダン共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Minami Sūdan Kyōwakoku)

南スーダン共和国 (canonical)
Minami Sūdan Kyōwakoku (romanization)

南スーダン (Minami Sūdan, “South Sudan”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”), calque of English Republic of South Sudan.

cal

Republic of South Sudan
Republic of South Sudan


グラスゴー

Glasgow (a major city and council area of Scotland, largest city in Scotland)

ja:グラスゴー (曖昧さ回避)


コーク

ja-pos

コーク • (Kōku)


伊春

Yichun (a prefecture-level city in Heilongjiang, China)


モンゴメリー

Montgomery (a city, the capital city of Alabama)


ジュノー

ジュノー • (Junō)


ランシング

[ɾã̠ɰ̃ɕĩŋɡɯ̟]


鹿沼

Kanuma (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


バトマン

ja:バトマン ja:バトマン県


歌舞伎町

歌(か)舞(ぶ)伎(き)町(ちょう) • (Kabukichō) ^(←かぶきちやう (Kabukityau)?)

歌舞伎町 (canonical)
Kabukichō (romanization)
Kabukityau (romanization)
かぶきちやう (hiragana historical)

→ English: Kabukicho

[ka̠bɯ̟kʲi̥t͡ɕo̞ː]

歌舞伎 + 町. From being a district (町 (“town”)) that developed around a proposed kabuki (歌舞伎) theatre, although the theatre was never built.

Kabukicho (a district of Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan)


パリス

ja:パリス (曖昧さ回避)

Paris (a town in Grant County, Wisconsin)

Paris (a town in Kenosha County, Wisconsin)


シリア・アラブ共和国

シリア・アラブ きょうわこく

シリア・アラブ共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Shiria Arabu Kyōwakoku)

シリア・アラブ共和国 (canonical)
Shiria Arabu Kyōwakoku (romanization)

シリア (Shiria, “Syria”) + アラブ (Arabu, “Arab”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

com

Syrian Arab Republic
Syrian Arab Republic


チェチェン共和国

ja-pos

チェチェン きょうわこく

チェチェン共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Chechen Kyōwakoku)

チェチェン共和国 (canonical)
Chechen Kyōwakoku (romanization)

[t͡ɕe̞t͡ɕẽ̞ŋʲkʲo̞ːβ̞a̠ko̞kɯ̟]

チェチェン (Chechen, “Chechnya”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

com

Chechen Republic
Chechen Republic#English

Chechen Republic (a republic of the northern Caucasus of Russia; capital: Grozny)


コロンビア共和国

ja-pos

コロンビア きょうわこく

コロンビア共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Koronbia Kyōwakoku)

コロンビア共和国 (canonical)
Koronbia Kyōwakoku (romanization)

コロンビア (Koronbia, “Colombia”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

com

Republic of Colombia
Republic of Colombia


フリント

[ɸɯ̟ɾʲĩnto̞]


テーブルマウンテン

ja:テーブルマウンテン


ハートフォード

ja-pos

ハートフォード • (Hātofōdo)

Hartford (a village in Huntingdonshire, England)

Hartford (a village in Cheshire, England)

Hartford (the capital city of Connecticut)


ハートフォード

ハートフォード • (Hātofōdo)

Hertford (a town in Hertfordshire, England)

Hertford (a town in North Carolina, United States)


火打

火打山

Hiuchi, a mountain in Niigata Prefecture


キルギス共和国

キルギス共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Kirugisu Kyōwakoku)

キルギス共和国 (canonical)
Kirugisu Kyōwakoku (romanization)

キルギス (Kirugisu, “Kyrgyzstan”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)


トンガ王国

トンガ王国 (canonical)
Tonga Ōkoku (romanization)


西オーストラリア

西オーストラリア (canonical)
Nishi Ōsutoraria (romanization)

From 西 (nishi, “west”) + オーストラリア (Ōsutoraria, “Australia”), calque of English Western Australia.

af

Western Australia
Western Australia#English

Western Australia (a state of Australia)

ja:西オーストラリア州


モルドバ共和国

ja-pos

モルドバ共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Morudoba Kyōwakoku)

モルドバ共和国 (canonical)
Morudoba Kyōwakoku (romanization)

モルドバ (Morudoba, “Moldova”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)


パンジャブ

[pã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑa̠bɯ̟]


ラホール

[ɾa̠ho̞ːɾɯ̟]


ムルタン

[mɯ̟ɾɯ̟tã̠ɴ]


阿猴

ja-pos

阿(あ)猴(こう) or 阿猴(アコウ) • (Akō)

阿猴 (canonical)
阿猴 (canonical)
Akō (romanization)

Borrowed from Hokkien 阿猴 (A-kâu) in the late 1890s.

(historical) Akō (a former village and subprefecture in Taiwan under Japanese rule)


アトランティックシティ

アトランティック シティ


ケルビン

[ke̞ɾɯ̟bʲĩɴ]


ニュートン

ニュートン • (Nyūton)

ja:ニュートン (曖昧さ回避)


パスカル

[pa̠sɨ̥ka̠ɾɯ̟]


カタール国

カタール国 (canonical)
Katāru-koku (romanization)

カタール (Katāru, “Qatar”) + 国 (-koku, “country”)


スウォンジー

ja-pos

スウォンジー • (Suwonjī)


オリンピア

From English Olympia, from Ancient Greek Ὀλυμπία (Olumpía).


オリュンピア

[o̞ɾʲɨ̃mpʲia̠]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ὀλυμπία (Olumpía)

lbor

オリンピア オリンピア#Japanese

Alternative form of オリンピア (Orinpia, “Olympia (an ancient city in Greece)”)


ロス・アンヘレス

From Spanish Los Ángeles (literally “The Angels”). Doublet of ロサンゼルス (Rosanzerusu).

bor

Los Ángeles (in Spanish-speaking countries)


モーリシャス共和国

ja-pos

モーリシャス きょうわこく

モーリシャス共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Mōrishasu Kyōwakoku)

モーリシャス共和国 (canonical)
Mōrishasu Kyōwakoku (romanization)

モーリシャス (Mōrishasu, “Mauritius”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

com

Republic of Mauritius
Republic of Mauritius


モンタナ

From English Montana, from Spanish montaña (“mountain”)

ja:モンタナ (曖昧さ回避)

モンタナ州


モンタナ

ja:モンタナ (曖昧さ回避)

モンタナ州


ノルマンディー

[no̞ɾɯ̟mã̠ndʲiː]

administrative region
administrative region

Normandy (an administrative region, historical province, and medieval kingdom in northwest France, on the English Channel)


コンスタンティノープル

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

(history) Constantinople (the capital city of the Byzantine Empire, in modern Turkey)

ja:コンスタンティノープル


ヴィエンナ

From English Vienna. Doublet of ヴィエンヌ (Viennu, “Vienne”) and ウィーン (Wīn).


コンコード

Concord (the capital city of New Hampshire)


メヒコ

From Spanish México, from Classical Nahuatl Mēxihco.


アセンズ

Limestone County
Limestone County#English

Athens (a city, the county seat of Limestone County, Alabama, United States).

Athens (an unincorporated community in Howard County, Arkansas, United States).

Los Angeles County
Los Angeles County#English

Athens (a large unincorporated community in Los Angeles County, California, United States).

Athens (a sizable city in Georgia, United States).

Athens (a city in Menard County, Illinois, United States).

Athens (an unincorporated community and hamlet in Henry Township, Fulton County, Indiana, United States).

Athens (a small unincorporated village outside of Lexington, Kentucky, United States).

Claiborne Parish
Claiborne Parish#English

Athens (a village in Claiborne Parish, Louisiana, United States).

Athens (a town in Somerset County, Maine, United States).

Athens (a village in Calhoun County, Michigan, United States).

Athens (an unincorporated community in Monroe County, Mississippi, United States).

Athens (a ghost town in Clark County, Missouri, United States).

Athens (a former mining settlement and ghost town in Nye County, Nevada, United States).

Athens (a town and village in Greene County, New York, United States).

Athens (a city, the county seat of Athens County, Ohio, United States).

Athens (a borough of Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States).

Athens (a city, the county seat of McMinn County, Tennessee, United States).

Henderson County
Henderson County#English

Athens (a city, the county seat of Henderson County, Texas, United States).

Athens (a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States).

Athens (a town in Mercer County, West Virginia, United States).

Athens (a village in Marathon County, Wisconsin, United States).


サン・バルテルミー

[sa̠m ba̠ɾɯ̟te̞ɾɯ̟mʲiː]

ja:サン・バルテルミー島


瀬戸内

Setouchi (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)

Setouchi (a town in the Amami Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


瀬戸内地方

ja-pos

瀬(せ)戸(と)内(うち)地(ち)方(ほう) • (setouchi Chihō)

瀬戸内地方 (canonical)
setouchi Chihō (romanization)

Setouchi Region: region of Japan's Inland Sea (the body of water separating Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū, three of the four main islands of Japan) and coastal areas roundabout


赤の広場

赤の広場 (canonical)
Aka no Hiroba (romanization)

赤 (aka, “red”) + の (no, attributive marker) + 広場 (hiroba, “square”)


サクラメント

From English Sacramento, from Spanish Sacramento (literally “Sacrament”).

der

サクラメント サクラメント#Japanese

サクラメント, 桜面都, 桜府: Sacramento (a city in Sacramento, California, United States)

サクラメント サクラメント#Japanese

サクラメント, 桜面都: Sacramento (a county of California, United States)


七台河

七台河 (canonical)
Shichitaika (romanization)

Qitaihe (a prefecture-level city in Heilongjiang, China)


オアシス

1987 March 20 [1987 February 20], Fujiko Fujio, “カンビュセスの籤(くじ) [Cambyses’s Drawing]”, in カンビュセスの籤(くじ) [Cambyses’s Drawing] (藤子不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 1), 2nd edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第一章, page 280:

Where the hell do I go now? I haven’t seen even a hint of vegetation for forever, let alone an oasis…

わたしはいまどこを歩いているのだろう オアシスどころか一本の草木にもお目にかかれぬとは……

Watashi wa ima doko o aruite iru no darō Oashisu dokoro ka ippon no kusaki ni mo o-me ni kakarenu to wa……

an oasis (well surrounded by fertile region)


アクロティリおよびデケリア

ja-pos

^アクロティリ および ^デケリア

アクロティリおよびデケリア • (Akurotiri oyobi Dekeria)

アクロティリ (Akurotiri, “Akrotiri”) + 及び (oyobi, “and”) + デケリア (Dikeria, “Dhekelia”), calque of English Akrotiri and Dhekelia

af

Akrotiri and Dhekelia
Akrotiri and Dhekelia#English

Akrotiri and Dhekelia (an overseas territory of the United Kingdom on the island of Cyprus)

ja:アクロティリおよびデケリア


アンギラ

[ã̠ŋʲɡʲiɾa̠]

Anguilla (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, in the Caribbean Sea)


バミューダ

Bermuda (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean)


イギリス領ヴァージン諸島

ja-pos

^イギリス りょう ^ヴァージン ^しょとう

イギリス領(りょう)ヴァージン諸(しょ)島(とう) • (Igirisu ryō Vājin Shotō)

イギリス領ヴァージン諸島 (canonical)
Igirisu ryō Vājin Shotō (romanization)

イギリス (Igirisu, “Britain”) + 領 (ryō, “under the government of”) + ヴァージン諸島 (Vājin Shotō, “Virgin Islands”), calque of English British Virgin Islands.

cal

British Virgin Islands
British Virgin Islands#English

British Virgin Islands (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean)

ja:イギリス領ヴァージン諸島


アメリカ領ヴァージン諸島

ja-pos

^アメリカ-りょう ^ヴァージン ^しょとう

アメリカ領(りょう)ヴァージン諸(しょ)島(とう) • (Amerika-ryō Vājin Shotō)

アメリカ領ヴァージン諸島 (canonical)
Amerika-ryō Vājin Shotō (romanization)

アメリカ (Amerika, “America”) + 領 (ryō, “under the government of”) + ヴァージン諸島 (Vājin Shotō, “Virgin Islands”), calque of English U.S. Virgin Islands

af

United States Virgin Islands
United States Virgin Islands#English

United States Virgin Islands (an archipelago and dependent territory of the United States, part of the Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea)

ja:アメリカ領ヴァージン諸島


コディアック

Borrowed from English Kodiak, from Russian Кадьяк (Kadʹjak).


南沙群島

ja-pos

南(なん)沙(さ)群(ぐん)島(とう) • (Nansa Guntō) ^(←なんさぐんたう (Nansaguntau)?)

南沙群島 (canonical)
Nansa Guntō (romanization)
Nansaguntau (romanization)
なんさぐんたう (hiragana historical)

From Chinese 南沙群島 /南沙群岛 (Nánshā Qúndǎo).

Synonym of 南沙諸島 (Nansa Shotō, “Spratly Islands”)


水俣

Minamata (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


スワジランド王国

スワジランド王国 (canonical)
Suwajirando Ōkoku (romanization)

スワジランド (Suwajirando, “Swaziland”) + 王国 (ōkoku, “kingdom”)

com

Kingdom of Swaziland
Kingdom of Swaziland


華府

華府 (canonical)
Kafu (romanization)
Kwafu (romanization)
くわふ (hiragana historical)

1935 March 13, 日伯新聞 (Nippaku Shinbun) [Nippo-Brazilian Newspaper], number 926, page 1:

According to a report from Washington, British ambassador to the United States Mr Lindsay visited the Department of State, […]

華府來電によれば駐米英大使リンゼー氏は國務省を訪問、[…]

Kafu raiden ni yoreba chū-Bei Ei-taishi Rinzē-shi wa kokumushō o hōmon, […]

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

(obsolete) Washington, D.C. (a city, the capital city of the United States)


イールランド

[iːɾɯ̟ɾã̠ndo̞]


白海

ja-pos

白(はっ)海(かい) • (Hakkai) ^(←はくかい (Fakukai)?)

白海 (canonical)
Hakkai (romanization)
Fakukai (romanization)
はくかい (hiragana historical)


ヒドラ

ja:ヒドラ
ja:ヒドラ (衛星)


ノースカロライナ

ja:ノースカロライナ州


カロリーナ

Carolina (a municipality of Puerto Rico, United States)


ダコタ

Borrowed from English Dakota, from Dakota dakhóta.


ビスマーク

Bismarck (the capital city of North Dakota)


天安門広場

天(てん)安(あん)門(もん)広(ひろ)場(ば) • (Ten'anmon Hiroba)

天安門広場 (canonical)
Ten'anmon Hiroba (romanization)

[tẽ̞ɰ̃ã̠mːo̞ɰ̃ çiɾo̞ba̠]

天安門 (“Tiananmen”) + 広場 (“square”), calque of Mandarin 天安門廣場 /天安门广场 (Tiān'ānmén Guǎngchǎng, Tiān'ānmén Guǎngcháng)

cal

Tiananmen Square
Tiananmen Square#English

Tiananmen Square (a square in Beijing, China)


ヤクーツク

[ja̠kɯ̟ːt͡sɨkɯ̟]

Borrowed from Russian Яку́тск (Jakútsk).


ホバート

Hobart (the capital of Tasmania, Australia)


茅ヶ崎

茅ヶ崎 (canonical)
Chigasaki (romanization)

Chigasaki (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


白山

[ha̠kɯ̟sã̠ɴ]

Hakusan (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


上饒

ja-pos

上(じょう)饒(じょう) • (Jōjō)

Shangrao (a prefecture-level city in Jiangxi, China)


保山

Baoshan (a prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China)


阿拉斯加

此阿拉斯加の最北端なるポイントバローまて僅々のみ。

(Can we date this quote?), 加藤哲, “北極記行”, in こゝろの華(はな) (Kokoro no hana), volume 六巻二号, page 71:

[…]加奈陀ノ內地並ニ阿拉斯加沿岸ヨリ[…]

(Can we date this quote?), “雜錄”, in 植民協會報告(しよくみんけふくわいほうこく) (Shokumin kyōkai hōkoku), volume 第弐拾號, page 89:

Rare spelling of アラスカ (“Alaska (a state of the United States)”).


甘木

(historical) Amagi (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


水晶宮

水(すい)晶(しょう)宮(きゅう) • (Suishōkyū) ^(←すいしやうきゆう (Suisyaukyuu)?)

水晶宮 (canonical)
Suishōkyū (romanization)
Suisyaukyuu (romanization)
すいしやうきゆう (hiragana historical)

[sɨiɕo̞ːkʲɨː]

From 水晶 (suishō, “crystal”) + 宮 (-kyū, “palace”).


九里

Jiuli District (a former district of Jiangsu, China)


春川

[t͡ɕɨ̃ɲ̟t͡ɕõ̞ɴ]


春川

ja-pos

春(しゅん)川(せん) • (Shunsen) ^(←しゆんせん (Syunsen)?)

春川 (canonical)
Shunsen (romanization)
Syunsen (romanization)
しゆんせん (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 춘천(春川) (chuncheon).

obor

(dated) Chuncheon (a city in South Korea)


慶州

[kʲõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨ]


慶州

ja-pos

慶(けい)州(しゅう) • (Keishū) ^(←けいしう (Keisiu)?)

慶州 (canonical)
Keishū (romanization)
Keisiu (romanization)
けいしう (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 경주(慶州) (gyeongju).

obor

(dated) Gyeongju (a city in South Korea)


牡鹿

牡鹿 (canonical)
Oshika (romanization)
Wosika (romanization)
をしか (hiragana historical)


竹島

ja-pos

竹(たけ)島(しま) • (Takeshima) ^(←たけしま (Takesima)?)

竹島 (canonical)
Takeshima (romanization)
Takesima (romanization)
たけしま (hiragana historical)

Takeshima, Liancourt Rocks (islands in the Sea of Japan)


蘭嶼

From Chinese 蘭嶼 /兰屿 (Lányǔ). The 漢音 (kan'on) reading, so likely a later borrowing.


カザフスタン共和国

カザフスタン きょうわこく

カザフスタン共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Kazafusutan Kyōwakoku)

カザフスタン共和国 (canonical)
Kazafusutan Kyōwakoku (romanization)

カザフスタン (Kazafusutan, “Kazakhstan”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

com

Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kazakhstan


我孫子

Abiko (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


忠清南道

ja-pos

^ちゅうせい ^なんだう

忠(ちゅう)清(せい)南(なん)道(どう) • (Chūsei Nandō) ^(←ちゅうせいなんだう (Tyuusei Nandau)?)

忠(チュン)清(チョン)南(ナム)道(ド) • (Chunchon Namudo)

忠清南道 (canonical)
Chūsei Nandō (romanization)
Tyuusei Nandau (romanization)
ちゅうせいなんだう (hiragana historical)
忠清南道 (canonical)
Chunchon Namudo (romanization)

South Chungcheong
w:South Chungcheong Province

South Chungcheong (a province of South Korea)


忠清北道

^ちゅうせい ^ほくだう

忠(ちゅう)清(せい)北(ほく)道(どう) • (Chūsei Hokudō) ^(←ちゅうせいほくだう (Tyuusei Fokudau)?)

忠(チュン)清(チョン)北(プク)道(ト) • (Chunchon Pukuto)

忠(チュン)清(チョン)北(プク)道(ド) • (Chunchon Pukudo)

忠清北道 (canonical)
Chūsei Hokudō (romanization)
Tyuusei Fokudau (romanization)
ちゅうせいほくだう (hiragana historical)
忠清北道 (canonical)
Chunchon Pukuto (romanization)
忠清北道 (canonical)
Chunchon Pukudo (romanization)

North Chungcheong
w:North Chungcheong Province

North Chungcheong (a province of South Korea)


新義州

新義州 (canonical)
Shingishū (romanization)

[ɕĩŋʲɡʲiɕɨː]

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 신의주(新義州) (Sinuiju).


開城

ja-pos

開(かい)城(じょう) • (Kaijō) ^(←かいじやう (Kaizyau)?)

開城 (canonical)
Kaijō (romanization)
Kaizyau (romanization)
かいじやう (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 개성(開城) (gaeseong).


松林

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 송림(松林) (songnim).


松林

[sõ̞n̺ɾʲimɯ̟]


咸鏡南道

ja-pos

^かんきゃう ^なんだう

咸(かん)鏡(きょう)南(なん)道(どう) • (Kankyō Nandō) ^(←かんきゃうなんだう (Kankyau Nandau)?)

咸(ハム)鏡(ギョン)南(ナム)道(ド) • (Hamugyon Namudo)

咸鏡南道 (canonical)
Kankyō Nandō (romanization)
Kankyau Nandau (romanization)
かんきゃうなんだう (hiragana historical)
咸鏡南道 (canonical)
Hamugyon Namudo (romanization)

South Hamgyong
w:South Hamgyong Province

South Hamgyong (a province of North Korea)


咸鏡北道

^かんきやう ^ほくだう

咸(かん)鏡(きょう)北(ほく)道(どう) • (Kankyō Hokudō) ^(←かんきやうほくだう (Kankyau Fokudau)?)

咸(ハム)鏡(ギョン)北(プク)道(ト) • (Hamugyon Pukuto)

咸(ハム)鏡(ギョン)北(プク)道(ド) • (Hamugyon Pukudo)

咸鏡北道 (canonical)
Kankyō Hokudō (romanization)
Kankyau Fokudau (romanization)
かんきやうほくだう (hiragana historical)
咸鏡北道 (canonical)
Hamugyon Pukuto (romanization)
咸鏡北道 (canonical)
Hamugyon Pukudo (romanization)

North Hamgyong (a province of North Korea)


平安北道

平(へい)安(あん)北(ほく)道(どう) • (Heian Hokudō) ^(←へいあんほくだう (Feian Fokudau)?)

平安北道 (canonical)
Heian Hokudō (romanization)
Feian Fokudau (romanization)
へいあんほくだう (hiragana historical)
平安北道 (canonical)
Pyon'an Pukuto (romanization)
平安北道 (canonical)
Pyon'an Pukudo (romanization)

North Pyongan (a province of North Korea)


平安南道

平(へい)安(あん)南(なん)道(どう) • (Heian Nandō) ^(←へいあんなんだう (Feian Nandau)?)

平安南道 (canonical)
Heian Nandō (romanization)
Feian Nandau (romanization)
へいあんなんだう (hiragana historical)
平安南道 (canonical)
Pyon'an Namudo (romanization)

South Pyongan (a province of North Korea)


西沙群島

西(せい)沙(さ)群(ぐん)島(とう) • (Seisa Guntō) ^(←せいさぐんたう (Seisaguntau)?)

西沙群島 (canonical)
Seisa Guntō (romanization)
Seisaguntau (romanization)
せいさぐんたう (hiragana historical)

Synonym of 西沙諸島 (Seisa Shotō, “Paracel Islands”)


カリホルニヤ

[ka̠ɾʲiho̞ɾɯ̟ɲ̟ija̠]

1932 July 15, 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], number 11729, page 3:

カリホルニヤの夏空に

カリフォルニア カリフォルニア#Japanese

Obsolete form of カリフォルニア (Kariforunia, “California (a state of the United States)”).


黄海北道

^くゎうかい ^ほくだう

黄(こう)海(かい)北(ほく)道(どう) • (Kōkai Hokudō) ^(←くゎうかいほくだう (Kwaukai Fokudau)?)

黄海北道 (canonical)
Kōkai Hokudō (romanization)
Kwaukai Fokudau (romanization)
くゎうかいほくだう (hiragana historical)
黄海北道 (canonical)
Fanhe Pukuto (romanization)
黄海北道 (canonical)
Fanhe Pukudo (romanization)

North Hwanghae
w:North Hwanghae Province

North Hwanghae (a province of North Korea)


黄海南道

^くゎうかい ^なんだう

黄(こう)海(かい)南(なん)道(どう) • (Kōkai Nandō) ^(←くゎうかいなんだう (Kwaukai Nandau)?)

黄海南道 (canonical)
Kōkai Nandō (romanization)
Kwaukai Nandau (romanization)
くゎうかいなんだう (hiragana historical)
黄海南道 (canonical)
Fanhe Namudo (romanization)

South Hwanghae
w:South Hwanghae Province

South Hwanghae (a province of North Korea)


旅順

Kwantung Leased Territory
Kwantung Leased Territory#English

(historical) Ryojun (a region of Kwantung Leased Territory, China)


鹿嶋

Kashima (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


室蘭

[mɯ̟ɾo̞ɾã̠ɴ]


夕張

Yūbari (a city in Sorachi, Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)

Yūbari (a district of Sorachi, Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


留萌

Certainly from Ainu, but further details are unclear and disputed.

Rumoi (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan).


苫小牧

苫小牧 (canonical)
Tomakomai (romanization)


美唄

Either from Ainu ピパイ (pipai), meaning "mussel shell"; Ainu ピパ オマ ナイ (pipa oma nai), meaning "river of mussel shells"; or Ainu ピパ オ イ (pipa o i), meaning "place of many mussel shells".

Bibai (a city in Sorachi, Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


江別

Like many place names in Hokkaido, especially those ending in -betsu (from Ainu ペッ (pet, “river”)), from Ainu. There are multiple theories on the exact etymon, for example イェペッ (yepet, “purulent river”).

Ebetsu (a city in Ishikari, Hokkaido prefecture, Japan).


赤平

Ainu [Term?]. The exact original Ainu term and its meaning are disputed.

Akabira (a city in Sorachi, Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


紋別

Derived from Ainu モペッ (mopet), from Ainu モ (mo, “quiet”) + Ainu ペッ (pet, “river”).

Monbetsu (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


三笠

Mikasa (a city in Sorachi, Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)

Mikasa (a train station in Mikasa, Sorachi, Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)

Mikasa (a train station in Karuizawa, Kitasaku district, Nagano Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Mikasa (a town in Izumi district, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Mikasa (a village in Ogasa district, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


深川

Fukagawa (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


五所川原

五(ご)所(しょ)川(がわ)原(ら) • (Goshogawara) ^(←ごしよがはら (Gosyogafara)?)

五所川原 (canonical)
Goshogawara (romanization)
Gosyogafara (romanization)
ごしよがはら (hiragana historical)

[ɡo̞ɕo̞ɡa̠β̞a̠ɾa̠]

Goshogawara (a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan)


釜石

Kamaishi (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)


遠野

Tōno (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)

Tōno (a railway station in Tōno, Iwate Prefecture, Japan)

A town in Kamihei district, Iwate Prefecture, Japan

A town in Iwaki district, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan


仙北

Senboku (a city in Akita Prefecture, Japan)


新庄

Shinjō (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


寒河江

Sagae (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


土浦

[t͡sɨt͡ɕiɯ̟ɾa̠]

Tsuchiura (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


取手

Toride (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


大田原

大(おお)田(た)原(わら) • (Ōtawara) ^(←おほたはら (Ofotafara)?)

大(おお)田(た)原(はら) • (Ōtahara) ^(←おほたはら (Ofotafara)?)

大田原 (canonical)
Ōtawara (romanization)
Ofotafara (romanization)
おほたはら (hiragana historical)
大田原 (canonical)
Ōtahara (romanization)
Ofotafara (romanization)
おほたはら (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 大田原 (Dàtiányuán)

[o̞ːta̠β̞a̠ɾa̠]

Ōtawara (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


春日部

Kasukabe (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


入間

Iruma (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)

Iruma (a district of Saitama Prefecture, Japan)

Iruma (a village in Iruma district, Saitama Prefecture, Japan)

Iruma (a village in Gujō district, Gifu Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Iruma (a prefecture of Japan)


和光

Wakō (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


富士見

Fujimi (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


匝瑳

匝瑳 (canonical)
Sōsa (romanization)
Safusa (romanization)
さふさ (hiragana historical)

Sōsa (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


飯能

飯能 (canonical)
Hannō (romanization)
Fannou (romanization)
はんのう (hiragana historical)

Hannō (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


東村山

東村山 (canonical)
Higashimurayama (romanization)

Compound of 東(ひがし) (higashi, “east”) + 村(むら) (mura, “village”) + 山(やま) (yama, “mountain”).

ja-com

Higashimurayama (a city in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)

Higashimurayama (a district of Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


逗子

Zushi (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


秦野

Hadano (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


厚木

Atsugi (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


南足柄

南足柄 (canonical)
Minamiashigara (romanization)


柏崎

柏崎 (canonical)
Kashiwazaki (romanization)

Kashiwazaki (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


上越

ja-pos

上(じょう)越(えつ) • (Jōetsu) ^(←じやうゑつ (Zyauwetu)?)

上越 (canonical)
Jōetsu (romanization)
Zyauwetu (romanization)
じやうゑつ (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑo̞ːe̞t͡sɨ]

Jōetsu (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


魚津

Uozu (a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan)


七尾

Nanao (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


輪島

Wajima (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


珠洲

Suzu (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan).


敦賀

[t͡sɨɾɯ̟ɡa̠]

Tsuruga (a city in Fukui Prefecture, Japan)


大月

Ōtsuki (places in Japan):
A city in Yamanashi Prefecture.

A region of Sakuragawa, Ibaraki Prefecture.

Ōtsuki (places in Japan):
A region of Mizuho, Gifu Prefecture.

Ōtsuki (places in Japan):
A region of Ōno, Fukui Prefecture.

A region of Eiheiji, Yoshida district, Fukui Prefecture.

A region of Ōtsuki, Yamanashi Prefecture.

A region of Inunohaka, Ichiba, Awa, Tokushima Prefecture.


大月

Ōzuki (regions in Niigata Prefecture, Japan):


甲州

甲(こう)州(しゅう) • (Kōshū)

Kōshū (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)

Synonym of 甲斐 (“Kai Province, an old province of Japan”)


小諸

Komoro (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


大垣

Ōgaki (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


各務原

各務原(かかみがはら) or 各務原(かがみがはら) or 各務原(かがみはら) or 各務原(かかみはら) • (Kakamigahara or Kagamigahara or Kagamihara or Kakamihara)

各務原 (canonical)
各務原 (canonical)
各務原 (canonical)
各務原 (canonical)
Kakamigahara (romanization)
Kagamigahara (romanization)
Kagamihara (romanization)
Kakamihara (romanization)

See 各務原市 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ʲᵃ

pedia

Kakamigahara (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


沼津

Numazu (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


熱海

The original name of the place, 阿(あ)多(た)美(み) (Atami), was changed to 熱海(あたみ) (Atami) (lit., "hot sea") by the Edo period because of the hot springs in this area.

Atami (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


磐田

Iwata (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


掛川

Kakegawa (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


御殿場

Gotemba (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


袋井

[ɸɯ̟kɯ̟ɾo̞i]

Fukuroi (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


春日井

ja-pos

春日井(かすがい) • (Kasugai) ^(←かすがゐ (Kasugawi)?)

春日井 (canonical)
Kasugai (romanization)
Kasugawi (romanization)
かすがゐ (hiragana historical)

The region that is now northern Aichi prefecture was originally called 春部郡 (Kasukabe-gun); compare 春日部(かすかべ) (Kasukabe). In 1880 it was divided into 東春日井・西春日井, East Kasugai and West Kasugai. Compare also Old Japanese 春日 (Kasuga).

Short for 春日井市 (Kasugai-shi): A city in northwestern Aichi Prefecture


小牧

Komaki (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


岩倉

[iβ̞a̠kɯ̟ɾa̠]

Iwakura (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


日進

日 (“day”) + 進 (“to advance; to progress”)

af

Nisshin (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, Asia)

Nisshin (a town in Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Japan, Asia)

Nisshin (a town in Kawasaki, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, Asia)


松阪

Matsusaka (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


桑名

[kɯ̟β̞a̠na̠]

Kuwana (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


名張

Nabari (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


草津

Kusatsu (a city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


城陽

ja-pos

城(じょう)陽(よう) • (Jōyō) ^(←じやうやう (Zyauyau)?)

城陽 (canonical)
Jōyō (romanization)
Zyauyau (romanization)
じやうやう (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑo̞ːjo̞ː]

Jōyō (a city in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)


貝塚

貝(かい)塚(づか) • (Kaizuka) ^(←かひづか (Kafiduka)?)

貝塚 (canonical)
Kaizuka (romanization)
Kafiduka (romanization)
かひづか (hiragana historical)

From 貝(かい) (kai) + 塚(つか) (tsuka). The tsuka changes to zuka as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Kaizuka (a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


茨木

Ibaraki (a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


箕面

箕面(みのお) • (Minō)

Minoh (a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


相生

相生 (canonical)
Aioi (romanization)
Afiofi (romanization)
あひおひ (hiragana historical)

Aioi (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


龍野

Tatsuno (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


大和高田

大和高田 (canonical)
Yamatotakada (romanization)

Yamatotakada (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


大和郡山

大和郡山 (canonical)
Yamatokōriyama (romanization)

Yamatokōriyama (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


橿原

Kashihara (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


生駒

Ikoma (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


香芝

Kashiba (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


葛城

Katsuragi (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


新宮

Shingū (a city in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan)


米子

Yonago (a city in Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


江津

Gōtsu (a city in Shimane Prefecture, Japan)


津山

Tsuyama (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)


三次

Miyoshi (a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


宇和島

Uwajima (a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan).


香美

Kami (a city in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan)


久留米

→ Chinese: 久留米 (Jiǔliúmǐ)

→ English: Kurume

→ Korean: 구루미 (gurumi)

Kurume (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


宗像

宗像市

宗像大社/神社

宗像三女神

Munakata (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


太宰府

Dazaifu (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


福津

Fukutsu (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


嘉麻

Kama (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


唐津

Karatsu (a city in Saga Prefecture, Japan)


唐津

[tã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]


五島

五島 (canonical)
Gotō (romanization)
Gotau (romanization)
ごたう (hiragana historical)

Short for 五島列島 (Gotō Rettō, “Gotō Islands”).


人吉

Hitoyoshi (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


荒尾

Arao (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


玉名

Tamana (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


山鹿

Yamaga (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


宇土

Uto (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


上天草

上天草 (canonical)
Kamiamakusa (romanization)

Kamiamakusa (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


阿蘇

Aso (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


合志

Kōshi (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


天草

Compound of 天 (ama, “heavens”) + 草 (kusa, “grass, plant”).
The surname likely comes from the place name, the derivation of which is uncertain. Theories include:
* Named for the 海人 (ama, “sea people”) 草 (kusa, “tribe”) that lived in the archipelago in the region, as reported in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE)
* Named for the 甘草 (kanzō, “licorice”, literally “sweet grass”, alternative reading amakusa) harvested in the area
* Shift from 馬草 (makusa, umakusa, literally “horse grass”) from grazing areas in the region

compound

Amakusa (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


日南

Nichinan (a city in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan)

Nichinan (a town in Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


西之表

西之表 (canonical)
Nishinoomote (romanization)

Nishinoomote (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


垂水

Tarumizu (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


奄美

Amami (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


宮古島

宮古島 (canonical)
Miyakojima (romanization)

From 宮古 (Miyako) + 島 (-shima, “island”). The shima changes to jima as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Miyakojima (a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


筑紫野

筑紫野 (canonical)
Chikushino (romanization)

Chikushino (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


稚内

From Ainu ヤㇺ ワッカ ナイ (yam wakka nai, “cold water river”).

bor

Wakkanai (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


歌志内

歌志内 (canonical)
Utashinai (romanization)

According to one theory, the name was from a corruption of Ainu オタ ウㇱ ナイ (ota ut nai), meaning "river attached with sand", then misheard as オタシナイ (Otashinai), until its current form.

Utashinai (a city in Sorachi, Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)

Utashinai (a train station in Utashinai, Sorachi, Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


彦根

Hikone (a city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


寝屋川

Neyagawa (a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


安来

Yasugi (a city in Shimane Prefecture, Japan)


西条

Saijō (a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


四国中央

四国中央 (canonical)
Shikokuchūō (romanization)


岩国

[iβ̞a̠kɯ̟ɲ̟i]

Iwakuni (a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan)


チャタヌーガ

[t͡ɕa̠ta̠nɯ̟ːɡa̠]


ハイチ共和国

ハイチ共和国 (canonical)
Haichi Kyōwakoku (romanization)

ハイチ (Haichi, “Haiti”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)


アルバ

Aruba (an island, dependent territory, and constituent country of the Netherlands, in the Caribbean Sea)


墨国

(dated) Synonym of メキシコ (Mekishiko, “Mexico (a country)”)


ハルビン

[ha̠ɾɯ̟bʲĩɴ]

Either borrowed from English Harbin or Mandarin 哈爾濱 /哈尔滨 (Hā'ěrbīn), both ultimately from Manchu ᡥᠠᡵᠪᡳᠨ (harbin, literally “drying fishnets”).

der

Harbin (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Heilongjiang, in northeastern China)


ナイジャ

From English Niger. Doublet of ニジェール (Nijēru).


ニジェール共和国

ja-pos

ニジェール きょうわこく

ニジェール共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Nijēru Kyōwakoku)

ニジェール共和国 (canonical)
Nijēru Kyōwakoku (romanization)

ニジェール (Nijēru, “Niger”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

com

Republic of the Niger
Republic of the Niger


揚羽

Compound of 揚(あ)げ (age, “raising”) + 羽(は) (ha, “feather”)

ja-compound

A neighbourhood of Chikusaku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan


南ア

南アフリカ 南アフリカ#Japanese

Contraction of 南アフリカ (Minami Afurika).: South Africa (a country in Southern Africa)


ジパング

From Italian Zipangu, Marco Polo's rendition of the toponym.


邪馬台国

邪馬台国 (canonical)
Yamataikoku (romanization)


邪馬台国

邪馬台国 (canonical)
Yabataikoku (romanization)


南阿

Dated spelling of 南ア (Nan'a, “South Africa (a country)”).


ジブラルタル

[d͡ʑibɯ̟ɾa̠ɾɯ̟ta̠ɾɯ̟]

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)


トッテナム

Tottenham (a suburban area in northern London)


スコットランドヤード

…命(いのち)の価(か)値(ち)は同(おな)じであるはずなのに 誰(だれ)しもが平(びょう)等(どう)に幸(しあわ)せになる権(けん)利(り)があるはずなのに この国(くに)にはそれが無(な)い…人(ひと)々(びと)に呪(のろ)いをかける階(かい)級(きゅう)制(せい)度(ど) それにより人(ひと)の心(こころ)は汚(よご)れ歪(ゆが)み悪(あく)魔(ま)が生(う)まれる…ならばその逆(ぎゃく)も然(しか)り 悪(あく)魔(ま)が消(き)え去(さ)れば人(ひと)の心(こころ)は澄(す)み渡(わた)り呪(のろ)いは解(と)ける この国(くに)はきっと美(うつく)しい…ロンドン警視庁(スコットランド・ヤード)に通(つう)報(ほう)しますか？あなたは貴(き)族(ぞく)だから そんなものは見(み)てみたいとも思(おも)いませんか？

Takeuchi, Ryōsuke with Miyoshi, Hikaru, “＃１｜緋(ひ)色(いろ)の瞳(ひとみ)(Ｔｈｅ Ｓｃａｒｌｅｔ Ｅｙｅｓ) [#1|The Scarlet Eyes]”, in 憂国のモリアーティ(Ｍｏｒｉａｒｔｙ ｔｈｅ Ｐａｔｒｉｏｔ) [Moriarty the Patriot], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, pages 66–67:

…All lives ought to be equal, and everyone ought to have an equal right to happiness. But none of those are true in this country… People are cursed by the class system. As a result, their hearts are tainted, and demons are born …If the converse is true, if demons are gone, people’s hearts will be cleansed, the curse will be broken, and this country will absolutely be beautiful …Are you going to report to Scotland Yard? A noble like you would never want to see such a prospect, would you?

…Inochi no kachi wa onaji de aru hazu na noni dare shimo byōdō ni shiawase ni naru kenri ga aru hazu na noni Kono kuni ni wa sore ga nai… Hitobito ni noroi o kakeru kaikyū seido. Sore ni yori hito no kokoro wa yogore yugami akuma ga umareru …Naraba sono gyaku mo shikari akuma ga kiesareba hito no kokoro wa sumiwatari noroi wa tokeru kono kuni wa kitto utsukushii …Sukottorando Yādo ni tsūhō shimasu ka? Anata wa kizoku dakara sonna mono wa mite mitai to mo omoimasen ka?

ja:スコットランドヤード


ムンバイ

Mumbai (a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India)


コルカタ

Kolkata (the capital city of West Bengal, India)


イスタンブール

[isɨ̥tã̠mbɯ̟ːɾɯ̟]

Istanbul (a city and province of Turkey)


デリー

ja-pos

デリー • (Derī)

Borrowing from English Delhi, ultimately from Urdu دہلی (dihlī, dehlī).

Delhi (a megacity and union territory of India, containing the national capital New Delhi)


デリー

デリー • (Derī)

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English


シュメール

Via English Sumer, ultimately from Akkadian 𒋗𒈨𒊒 (Šumeru).


六本木

[ɾo̞p̚põ̞ŋʲɡʲi]

Literally "six trees", generally considered to be in reference to six old zelkovas that used to stand in the area.


三角州

三角州 (canonical)
sankakusu (romanization)

[sã̠ŋka̠kɯ̟̊sɨ]

delta (landform at the mouth of a river)


七つの海

七つの海 (canonical)
nanatsu no umi (romanization)

七つ (nanatsu, “seven”) + の (no, attributive marker) + 海 (umi, “sea”)


南シナ海

南シナ海 (canonical)
Minami Shina-kai (romanization)

南 (minami, “south”) + シナ (Shina, “China”) + 海 (kai, “sea”)


千鳥

ja:チドリ科 ja:千鳥


準州

[d͡ʑɨ̃ɰ̃ɕɨː]

ハワイ準州


東郷

ja-pos

東(とう)郷(ごう) • (Tōgō)

Tōgō (a town in Aichi district, Aichi Prefecture, Japan)

Tōgō (a former town in Satsuma district, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, now part of the city of Satsumasendai)

Tōgō (a former town in Higashiusuki district, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, now part of the city of Hyūga)

Tōgō (a former town in Tōhaku district, Tottori Prefecture, Japan, now part of the town of Yurihama)

Tōgō (a brackish lake in the town of Yurihama, Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


イスラエル国

イスラエル国 (canonical)
Isuraerukoku (romanization)

[isɨɾa̠e̞ɾɯ̟ko̞kɯ̟]

イスラエル (Isuraeru, “Israel”) + 国 (-koku, “state”)

suf

the State of Israel (the official name of Israel)


ティフリス

Tbilisi (the capital city of the country of Georgia)


チェルノブイリ

[t͡ɕe̞ɾɯ̟no̞bɯ̟iɾʲi]


ヨエンスー

ja-pos

ヨエンスー • (Yoensū)


ロヴァニエミ

Finnish Rovaniemi (literally “cape of forested eskers”)

bor

Rovaniemi (a city and municipality of Lapland, Finland)


エスポー

ja-pos

エスポー • (Esupō)


邪馬台

邪(や)馬(ま)台(たい) or 邪馬台(やばたい) • (Yamatai or Yabatai)

邪馬台 (canonical)
邪馬台 (canonical)
Yamatai (romanization)
Yabatai (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 邪馬台 (MC *yae maeX doj), which appeared in Chinese records, particularly the 三国志 (Sangokushi, “Records of the Three Kingdoms”), wherein 邪馬臺 (possibly pronounced *ja-maᴮ-də̂ in Eastern Han Chinese) transliterated Old Japanese 大和 (Yamato₂), from Proto-Japonic *yamatə.
Usually pronounced with a plosive, as Yabatai.

(historical) Short for 邪馬台国 (Yamatai-koku): Yamatai

Eastern Han Chinese
Records of the Three Kingdoms


南詔

(historical) Nanzhao (a kingdom that flourished in present-day Yunnan, China, between 739 and 902 CE.)


スーダン共和国

スーダン共和国 (canonical)
Sūdan Kyōwakoku (romanization)

スーダン (Sūdan, “Sudan”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)


ウェストバージニア

ja:ウェストバージニア州


インディアナポリス

ja:インディアナポリス (曖昧さ回避)


華州

華州 (canonical)
Kashū (romanization)
Kwasiu (romanization)
くわしう (hiragana historical)

Apparently an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 華州／华州 (Huázhōu), Cantonese 華州／华州 (waa6 zau1).

zh-m

華州／华州 (Huázhōu)

(historical) Washington (a state of the United States)


クイーンズ

ja-pos

クイーンズ • (Kuīnzu)

ja:クイーンズ (曖昧さ回避)


テッサリア

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Θεσσαλία (Thessalía).

lbor

1988 July 30 [1985 July 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “アン子(こ) 大(おお)いに怒(いか)る （赤(あか)毛(げ)のアン子(こ) 改(かい)題(だい)） [When Anko Really Gets Mad (originally titled Redheaded Anko)]”, in 宇宙船製造法 [How to Build a Spaceship] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 3), 6th edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 71:

Anko. As for the mysterious power you displayed…. It’s of a kind that has been running in your mother’s bloodline for generations since ancient times. Your ancestors seem to have come from Thessaly, Greece. They immigrated to Salem, America in the 18th century. That bloodline… basically it was…. A noted line of true witches.

アン子。きみがみせたふしぎな力はね…。きみのおかあさんの家系に、遠い昔から代だい受けつがれてきた血すじによるものだ。御先祖は、ギリシアのテッサリア地方の出らしい。18世紀にアメリカのサレムに移住している。この家系は、………つまりなんというか………。ゆいしょ正しい魔女の名門なんだよ。

Anko. Kimi ga miseta fushigi na chikara wa ne…. Kimi no okāsan no kakei ni, tōi mukashi kara daidai uketsugarete kita chisuji ni yoru mono da. Go-senzo wa, Girishia no Tessaria chihō no de rashii. Jūhasseiki ni Amerika no Saremu ni ijū shite iru. Kono kakei wa,………tsumari nan to iu ka………. Yuisho tadashii majo no meimon na n da yo.

Thessaly (a region in north-central Greece)


ゴア

ゴアで開かれた BRICS 首脳会議


ウッタル・プラデーシュ

[ɯ̟t̚ta̠ɾɯ̟ pɯ̟ɾa̠de̞ːɕɨ]


羅生門

ja-pos

羅(ら)生(しょう)門(もん) or 羅生門(らせいもん) • (Rashōmon or Raseimon)

羅生門 (canonical)
羅生門 (canonical)
Rashōmon (romanization)
Raseimon (romanization)

[ɾa̠ɕo̞ːmõ̞ɴ]

[ɾa̠se̞ːmõ̞ɴ]

羅生門葛

羅生門葛 ラショウモンカズラ

Alternative form of 羅城門 (“Rajōmon gate”)


白ロシア

白ロシア (canonical)
Hakuroshia (romanization)


マンハッタン

Manhattan (a borough and island in New York City, New York, United States)


マチュピチュ

[ma̠t͡ɕɨpʲit͡ɕɨ]

Machu Picchu (ancient Incan city and archaeological site in Peru)


庶民院

庶民院 (canonical)
Shomin'in (romanization)

Calque of English House of Commons, equivalent to 庶民 (shomin, “masses”) + 院 (-in, “institution”, from 議院 (giin, “parliamentary chamber”)).

suf

from <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">議院</i> (giin, “parliamentary chamber”)


平昌

[pʲõ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕã̠ɴ]


平昌

ja-pos

平(へい)昌(しょう) • (Heishō) ^(←へいしやう (Feisyau)?)

平昌 (canonical)
Heishō (romanization)
Feisyau (romanization)
へいしやう (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 평창(平昌) (pyeongchang).

obor

(dated) Pyeongchang (a county of South Korea)


大日本帝国

ja-pos

大(だい)日(にっ)本(ぽん)帝(てい)国(こく) • (Dainippon Teikoku)

大日本帝国 (canonical)
Dainippon Teikoku (romanization)

desc

→ Chinese: 大日本帝國 /大日本帝国 (Dà Rìběn Dìguó)

대일본제국(大日本帝國)

→ Korean: 대일본제국(大日本帝國) (daeilbonjeguk)

l/vi/Hani

大日本帝國 (Đại Nhật Bản Đế quốc)

vi-l

大日本帝國 (Đại Nhật Bản Đế quốc)

→ Vietnamese: 大日本帝國 (Đại Nhật Bản Đế quốc)

From 大日本(だいにっぽん) (dainippon, “Japan”, poetic) + 帝国(ていこく) (teikoku, “empire”). Use of 大 for a name of empire is a Chinese tradition since the Tang dynasty.

ja-com

Constitution of the Empire of Japan
w:Constitution of the Empire of Japan

Empire of Japan (official name of Japan under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, 1890–1947)


タヒチ

French Polynesia
French Polynesia#English

Tahiti (the largest island in French Polynesia)


ガラパゴス諸島

ガラパゴス諸島 (canonical)
Garapagosu Shotō (romanization)

Calque of Spanish islas Galápagos, equivalent to ガラパゴス (Garapagosu, “Galápagos”) + 諸島 (shotō, “archipelago”)


賀茂

any of various places in Japan
A city in Niigata Prefecture

any of various places in Japan
A town in Hiroshima Prefecture

any of various places in Japan
A town in Kyōto prefecture

any of various places in Japan
A town in Okayama Prefecture

any of various places in Japan
A town in Shimane Prefecture

any of various places in Japan
A town in Tokushima Prefecture

any of various places in Japan
A town in Yamagata Prefecture

any of various places in Japan
A district (gun) in Gifu Prefecture

any of various places in Japan
A district (gun) in Niigata Prefecture

A neighborhood of Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture


サガレン

(obsolete) Saghalien, Sakhalin (an island today in Russia and formerly claimed by Japan)


トランシルヴァニア

ja:トランシルヴァニア


アンゴラ共和国

ja-pos

アンゴラ共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Angora Kyōwakoku)

アンゴラ共和国 (canonical)
Angora Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From アンゴラ (Angora, “Angola”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).


北大西洋

ja-pos

北(きた)大(たい)西(せい)洋(よう) • (Kita Taiseiyō) ^(←きたたいせいやう (Kitataiseiyau)?)

北大西洋 (canonical)
Kita Taiseiyō (romanization)
Kitataiseiyau (romanization)
きたたいせいやう (hiragana historical)

From 北 (kita, “north”) + 大西洋 (Taiseiyō, “Atlantic Ocean”).


沙市

Shashi (a district of Jingzhou, Hubei, China)

(obsolete) Seattle (a city in Washington, United States)


沙市

ja-pos

沙市(シヤトル) or 沙市(シアトル) • (Shiyatoru or Shiatoru)

沙市 (canonical)
沙市 (canonical)
Shiyatoru (romanization)
Shiatoru (romanization)

1933, 夢野久作, 暗黒公使 (Dāku Minisutā) [Dark Minister]:

過般来船内にチブス患者発生したるため、横浜に停船を命ぜられおりし沙市行客船コロラド丸は一昨十二日解禁されたるを以て今十四日午後六時出帆、定期航路に就く事となれり。

Kahanrai sennai ni chibusu kanja hassei shitaru tame, Yokohama ni teisen o meizerareorishi Shiyatoru-yuki kyakusen Kororado-maru wa issaku jū-ni-nichi kaikin saretaru o motte kon-jū-yon-nichi gogo rokuji shuppan, teiki kōro ni tsuku koto to nareri.

沙市の加藤安一氏監督

加藤安一氏監督 かとうやす○しかんとく

沙市日本人野球團

日本人野球團 にほんじんやきうだん

Obsolete spelling of シヤトル (Shiyatoru). or シアトル (Shiatoru, “Seattle (a city in Washington, United States)”)


魯西亜

Borrowing from Russian Росси́я (Rossíja). Cited since at least 1839.
The spelling is ateji (当て字), current in 1855 when this spelling was used in the title of the 日本国魯西亜国通好条約 (Nippon-koku Roshia-koku Tsūkō Jōyaku, “Treaty of Peace and Amity between the Country of Japan and the Country of Russia”, commonly known as the Treaty of Shimoda).
The spelling was officially discontinued in 1877 after diplomatic pressure from Russia to change the spelling, out of concern that the initial 魯 (ro) character expressed a sense of foolish. However, the newer kanji spelling 露西亜 uses 露 (ro) as the first character, and this was chosen for its sense of dew, from the political metaphor that the morning dew will disappear as the sun rises, wherein "sun" refers to Japan.
The use of 西亜 to spell the latter portion is likely influenced by Chinese phonetics, and historical use of these characters to spell out the -siya portion of Rossiya in sources such as a bible translated into Chinese in 1864.

lang

ユーラシア研究所ブックレット編集委員会

ユーラシア研究所ブックレット編集委員会

Dated spelling of ロシア.: Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)

Daijirin
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru
Treaty of Shimoda


コリントス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Κόρινθος (Kórinthos)


パース

ja-pos

パース • (Pāsu)

Western Australia
Western Australia#English


ヴァンクーヴァー

ヴァンクーヴァー • (Vankūvā)

[bã̠ŋkɯ̟ːba̠ː]

バンクーバー バンクーバー#Japanese

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

Alternative form of バンクーバー (Bankūbā, “Vancouver (a city in British Columbia, Canada)”)


リヴァプール

ja:リヴァプール (曖昧さ回避)


バーボン

ja-noun

バーボン • (bābon)

バーボン・ウイスキー バーボン・ウイスキー#Japanese

Short for バーボン・ウイスキー (bābon uisukī, “bourbon whiskey”); bourbon


マラトン

[ma̠ɾa̠tõ̞ɴ]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Μαραθών (Marathṓn)


マラトーン

[ma̠ɾa̠tõ̞ːɴ]

Alternative form of マラトン (Maraton, “Marathon (a town in Attica, Greece)”)


ウガンダ共和国

ja-pos

ウガンダ共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Uganda Kyōwakoku)

From ウガンダ (“Uganda”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).


新橋

Compound of 新(しん) (shin, “new”) + 橋(はし) (hashi, “bridge”). The hashi changes to bashi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

com-ja

A former bridge over the Nagahori River in Chūō-ku, Osaka, Japan

A bridge over the Ishikari River in Asahikawa, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, Japan

A former bridge over the Shiodome River in Shinbashi district, Minato, Tokyo prefecture, Japan

A bridge's former name over the Kanda River in Nakano, Tokyo prefecture, Japan

A bridge's former name over the Motoyasu River before it was destroyed by the atomic bomb, Little Boy, during WW2 in Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan

A commercial district of Minato, Tokyo prefecture, Japan

A hanamachi in Ginza district, Chūō, Tokyo prefecture, Japan

A town in Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture, Japan

A district of Ishinomaki, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan

A district of Sakata, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan

A district of Kashiwazaki, Niigata Prefecture, Japan

A district of Tomisato, Chiba Prefecture, Japan

A district of Gotemba, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan


オーロラ

ja-pos

オーロラ • (Ōrora)


ニューブリテン

[ɲ̟ɨː bɯ̟ɾʲitẽ̞ɴ]

ニューブリテン島 ニューブリテン島#Japanese

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English

Alternative form of ニューブリテン島 (“New Britain (an island in Papua New Guinea)”)


ニューオーリンズ

ニューオーリンズ • (Nyū Ōrinzu)

From English New Orleans, from French Nouvelle-Orléans.


オーリンズ

オーリンズ • (Ōrinzu)

From English Orleans, from French Orléans. Doublet of オルレアン (Orurean).


オーストリア゠ハンガリー

[o̞ːsɨto̞ɾʲia̠hã̠ŋɡa̠ɾʲiː]


サントメ・プリンシペ

[sa̠n to̞me̞ pɯ̟ɾʲĩɰ̃ɕi̥pe̞]

Calque of Portuguese São Tomé e Príncipe (literally “Saint Thomas and Prince”), equivalent to サントメ (San Tome, “São Tomé”) + プリンシペ (Purinshipe, “Príncipe”).

af

São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe

ja:サントメ・プリンシペ


サントメ・プリンシペ民主共和国

ja-pos

サン トメ・プリンシペ みんしゅ きょうわこく

サントメ・プリンシペ民(みん)主(しゅ)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (San Tome Purinshipe Minshu Kyōwakoku)

サントメ・プリンシペ民主共和国 (canonical)
San Tome Purinshipe Minshu Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From サントメ・プリンシペ (San Tome Purinshipe, “São Tomé and Príncipe”) + 民主 (minshu, “democracy”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe


プリンシペ

From Portuguese Príncipe (literally “Prince”).


ナンパ

Borrowed from English Nampa, from Shoshone nampai (“foot”).

Nampa (the largest city in Canyon County, Idaho, United States)


汨羅江

ja-pos

汨(べき)羅(ら)江(こう) • (Bekirakō) ^(←べきらかう (Bekirakau)?)

汨羅江 (canonical)
Bekirakō (romanization)
Bekirakau (romanization)
べきらかう (hiragana historical)

1930, “青年日本の歌”:

汨羅の淵に波騒ぎ


汨羅

汨羅 (canonical)
Bekira (romanization)
べきら (hiragana historical)

大辞林 w:ja:大辞林

Short for 汨羅江 (Miluo River (a river in Hunan, China)).


高安

Takayasu (a place and station in Yao, Osaka Prefecture, Japan).

Takayasu (a place in Ikaruga, Ikoma district, Nara Prefecture, Japan).


高安

A place in Takahata, Higashiokitama district, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan.


高安

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 高安 (Gāo'ān).

obor

A county-level city in Yichun, Jiangxi, China.


丸の内

丸の内 (canonical)
Marunouchi (romanization)

[ma̠ɾɯ̟no̞ɯ̟t͡ɕi]

Literally “inside the circle”, from 丸(まる) (maru, “circle”) and 内(うち) (uchi, “inside”); originally in reference to the moat surrounding the area.

Marunouchi (a neighborhood of Chiyoda, Tokyo)

丸ノ内

standard spelling for the Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line


壱岐

Iki (a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Iki, an old province of Japan


墨田

Sumida (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


オリュンポス

[o̞ɾʲɨ̃mpo̞sɨ]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ὄλῠμπος (Ólŭmpos)

lbor

オリンポス オリンポス#Japanese

Alternative form of オリンポス (Orinposu, “Olympus (The highest mountain in Greece)”)


オリンポス

オリンポス山

Olympus (The highest mountain in Greece)


ヨルダン・ハシミテ王国

ja-pos

ヨルダン ハシミテ おうこく

ヨルダン・ハシミテ王(おう)国(こく) • (Yorudan Hashimite Ōkoku)

ヨルダン・ハシミテ王国 (canonical)
Yorudan Hashimite Ōkoku (romanization)

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan


ブルネイ・ダルサラーム国

^ブルネイ ^ダルサラーム-こく

ブルネイ・ダルサラーム国(こく) • (Burunei Darusarāmu-koku)

ブルネイ・ダルサラーム国 (canonical)
Burunei Darusarāmu-koku (romanization)

the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace


オマーン国

オマーン国 (canonical)
Omān-koku (romanization)

From オマーン (Omān, “Oman”) + 国 (koku, “state”).

Sultanate of Oman (the official name of Oman)


ロードアイランド

ja:ロードアイランド (曖昧さ回避)


プロビデンス

Providence (the capital city of Rhode Island)


モンゴル帝国

モンゴル帝国 (canonical)
Mongoru Teikoku (romanization)

From モンゴル (Mongoru, “Mongolia”) + 帝国 (teikoku, “empire”).


牡丹峰

Borrowed from Korean 모란봉 (牡丹峰, Moranbong).

Moranbong (a hill in Pyongyang, North Korea)


常磐

ja-pos

常(じょう)磐(ばん) • (Jōban) ^(←じやうばん (Zyauban)?)

常磐 (canonical)
Jōban (romanization)
Zyauban (romanization)
じやうばん (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑo̞ːbã̠ɴ]

/d͡ʑauban/ → /d͡ʑɔːban/ → /d͡ʑoːban/
From the first kanji of the names of the provinces: the 常 (jō) of 常陸 (Hitachi), and the 磐 (ban) of 磐城 (Iwaki).

Jōban (a former city in southeastern Fukushima Prefecture, today merged with the city of Iwaki).


博多

Hakata (a region of Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan)

Hakata (a ward of Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan)


フエゴ島

Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego
Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego

Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego (the largest island of Tierra del Fuego)


田駒

Obsolete spelling of タコマ (“Tacoma (a city in Washington, United States)”).


桜府

桜府 (canonical)
Ōfu (romanization)
Aufu (romanization)
あうふ (hiragana historical)

(obsolete) Sacramento (a city in California, United States)


素法県

素法県(スポーケン) • (Supōken)

1915 September 8, 旭新聞 (Asahi Shinbun) [The Asahi News], number 3240, page 4:

昨年素法縣觀光團が組織されて[…]

Sakunen Supōken kankōdan ga soshiki sarete […]

スポーケン スポーケン#Japanese

Obsolete spelling of スポーケン (“Spokane (a city in Washington, United States)”).


スポケーン

Spokane (a city in Washington, United States)


ス市

ス市ツレントアーレー

スポケーン スポケーン#Japanese

(obsolete) Short for スポケーン市 (Supokēn-shi, “Spokane (a city in Washington, United States)”).


タコマ

Tacoma (a city in Washington, United States)


ポ市

ポートランド ポートランド#Japanese

(obsolete) Short for ポートランド市 (Pōtorando-shi, “Portland (a city in Oregon, United States)”).


ポートランド

Portland (a city in Oregon, United States)


ホノルル

Honolulu (a city, the state capital of Honolulu, Hawaii, United States)

Honolulu (a county of Hawaii, United States)


君府

君府 (canonical)
Konsutanchinōpuru (romanization)

コンスタンチノープル コンスタンチノープル#Japanese

Obsolete spelling of コンスタンチノープル (“Constantinople (a city in the Ottoman Empire; modern Istanbul)”).


コンスタンチノープル

(historical) Constantinople (a city in the Ottoman Empire; modern Istanbul)


落機山

落機山 (canonical)
Rokkī-san (romanization)

(obsolete) Rocky Mountains (a mountain range in the United States)


ロッキー山脈

ロッキー山脈 (canonical)
Rokkī Sanmyaku (romanization)


伊佐

Isa (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


香春

Kawara (a town in Tagawa district, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


波並

Hanami, Hanami Station (a former railway station in the town of Noto, Hōsu district, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


埴見

Hanami (a district of the city of Tohakugunyurihamacho, Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


サンマリノ

San Marino (a country in Southern Europe)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


虎ノ門

虎(とら)ノ門(もん) or 虎(とら)ノ門(もん) • (Toranomon)

虎ノ門 (canonical)
Toranomon (romanization)

Toranomon (a region of Minato, Tokyo, Japan)


厚真

Atsuma (a town in Iburi, Hokkaido, Japan)


王府

王府 (canonical)
Ōfu (romanization)
Waufu (romanization)
わうふ (hiragana historical)

1908, 丸山千曲, 亞郡同胞大勢一覽 (Agun Dōhō Taisei Ichiran), 新世界新聞王府支社:

王府地圖

1917 April 25, “王(わう)府(ふ)市(し)場(ぜう)と苺(いちご)取(とり)引(ひき) (Ōfu shijō to ichigo torihiki)”, in 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], page 8:

亞郡並に華村地方の日本人苺園より王府市場に出荷する苺は昨今四十チヤスト前後にして[…]

Agun narabi ni Wasson chihō no Nihonjin ichigo-en yori Ōfu shijō ni shukka suru ichigo wa sakkon yonjū chasuto zengo ni shite […]

(obsolete) Oakland (a city in Alameda, California, United States)


糸魚川

Itoigawa (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


モスコー

From English Moscow. Doublet of モスクワ (Mosukuwa).

Moscow (a large number of unincorporated communities in the United States)


柬蒲寨

The kanji spelling is an example of ateji (当て字).

カンボジア カンボジア#Japanese

Dated spelling of カンボジア (Kanbojia, “Cambodia (a country)”).


柬蒲塞

カンボジア カンボジア#Japanese


羅宇

The kanji spelling is an example of ateji (当て字), from Chinese 羅宇 /罗宇.

Dated spelling of ラオス (Raosu, “Laos (a country)”).


東温

Tōon (a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


築地

築地 (canonical)
Tsukiji (romanization)
Tukidi (romanization)
つきぢ (hiragana historical)


ピエモンテ

From Italian Piemonte. Doublet of ピードモント (Pīdomonto).

administrative region
administrative region

Piedmont (an administrative region in the north of Italy)


ピードモント

From English Piedmont. Doublet of ピエモンテ (Piemonte).


小雀

From 小 (ko, “small”) + 雀 (suzume, “sparrow”).

Kosuzume (a town in Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan)


ルクソール

[ɾɯ̟kɯ̟̊so̞ːɾɯ̟]


ジャージーシティ

ジャージーシティ • (Jājī Shiti)


イカルイト

From English Iqaluit, from Inuktitut ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ (iqaloit).

Iqaluit (a city, the capital of Nunavut, Canada)


ポモナ

From English Pomona or Spanish Pomona, from Latin Pōmōna.


デンバー

デンバー • (Denbā)

Denver (a town in Miami County, Indiana)

Denver (a village in Worth County, Missouri)


ドーバー

ドーバー • (Dōbā)


スプリングフィールド

ja:スプリングフィールド

Springfield (a parish of Essex, England)

Springfield (the capital city of Illinois)

Springfield (a city in Georgia, United States)


トピカ

From English Topeka, from Kansa tó ppí k'é.

Topeka (a city, the capital city of Kansas)


南オーストラリア

南オーストラリア (canonical)
Minami Ōsutoraria (romanization)

Calque of English South Australia, equivalent to 南 (minami, “south”) + オーストラリア (Ōsutoraria, “Australia”)

af

ja:南オーストラリア州


フランクフォート

Frankfort (the capital city of Kentucky, United States)

Frankfort (a city in Indiana, United States)


オーガスタ

Augusta (a city in Georgia, United States)

Augusta (a town in Western Australia, Australia)


ポートオーガスタ

ja-pos

ポートオーガスタ • (Pōto Ōgasuta)

Port Augusta (a city in South Australia, Australia)


ノースオーガスタ

ノースオーガスタ • (Nōsu Ōgasuta)

ja:ノースオーガスタ (サウスカロライナ州)


アナポリス

Anápolis (a municipality of Goiás, Brazil)


セントポール

From English Saint Paul. Doublet of サン゠ポール (San-Pōru), サンパウロ (San Pauro), and サン・パブロ (San Paburo).

doublet

Saint Paul (the capital city of Minnesota)

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda#English

Saint Paul (a parish of Antigua and Barbuda)


サン・パブロ

From Spanish San Pablo (literally “Saint Paul”). Doublet of サンパウロ (San Pauro), サン゠ポール (San-Paul), and セントポール (Sento Pōru).


ジェファーソンシティ

ja:ジェファーソンシティ (ミズーリ州)


ジェファーソン

ja-pos

ジェファーソン • (Jefāson)

Jefferson (a city in Georgia, United States)


ジェファーソンタウン

ジェファーソンタウン • (Jefāsontaun)

Jeffersontown (a city in Kentucky, United States)

ja:ジェファーソンタウン (ケンタッキー州)


ポートリンカーン

ポートリンカーン • (Pōto Rinkān)

Port Lincoln (a city in South Australia, Australia)


カーソンシティ

ja:カーソンシティ (ネバダ州)


カーソン

カーソン • (Kāson)

Carson (a mountain range in California and Nevada)


ノーザンテリトリー

Northern Territory
Northern Territory#English

Northern Territory (a territory of Australia)

ja:ノーザンテリトリー


トレントン

Trenton (the capital city of New Jersey)

Trenton (a city in Georgia, United States)


ローリー

ローリー • (Rōrī)

Raleigh (the capital city of North Carolina)


コロンバス

Columbus (a city in Georgia, United States)


オクラホマ

ja:オクラホマ (曖昧さ回避)


オクラホマシティ

Oklahoma City (a city, the state capital of Oklahoma, United States)


ハリスバーグ

Harrisburg (a city, the state capital of Pennsylvania)


ピア

From English Pierre, from French Pierre.

Pierre (a city, the state capital of South Dakota, United States)


ナッシュビル

ja:ナッシュビル (曖昧さ回避)

Nashville (the capital city of Tennessee)

Nashville (a city in Georgia, United States)


オースティン

オースティン • (Ōsutin)

ja:オースティン (曖昧さ回避)

Austin (a neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois)


ソルトレイクシティ

Salt Lake City (a city, the state capital of Utah, United States)

ja:ソルトレイクシティ


スリランカ民主社会主義共和国

スリ ランカ みんしゅ しゃかい しゅぎ きょうわこく

スリランカ民(みん)主(しゅ)社(しゃ)会(かい)主(しゅ)義(ぎ)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Suri Ranka Minshu Shakai Shugi Kyōwakoku)

スリランカ民主社会主義共和国 (canonical)

From スリランカ (Suri Ranka, “Sri Lanka”) + 民主社会主義 (minshu shakai shugi, “democratic socialism”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka


ベトナム社会主義共和国

ja-pos

ベトナム しゃかい しゅぎ きょうわこく

ベトナム社(しゃ)会(かい)主(しゅ)義(ぎ)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Betonamu Shakai Shugi Kyōwakoku)

ベトナム社会主義共和国 (canonical)
Betonamu Shakai Shugi Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From ベトナム (Betonamu, “Vietnam”) + 社会主義 (shakai shugi, “socialism”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Socialist Republic of Vietnam


イタリア共和国

ja-pos

イタリア共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Itaria Kyōwakoku)

イタリア共和国 (canonical)
Itaria Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From イタリア (Itaria, “Italy”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”), calque of Italian Repubblica Italiana.


チャールストン

Charleston (the capital city of West Virginia)


ノースチャールストン

North Charleston
w:North Charleston, South Carolina

North Charleston (a city in South Carolina, United States)

ja:ノースチャールストン (サウスカロライナ州)


サウスチャールストン

ja:サウスチャールストン (ウェストバージニア州)

South Charleston
South Charleston#English

South Charleston (a city in West Virginia)


マディソン

ja:マディソン (曖昧さ回避)

Madison (a city in Georgia, United States)


ブラジル連邦共和国

ja-pos

ブラジル れんぽう きょうわこく

ブラジル連(れん)邦(ぽう)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Burajiru Renpō Kyōwakoku)

ブラジル連邦共和国 (canonical)
Burajiru Renpō Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From ブラジル (Burajiru, “Brazil”) + 連邦 (renpō, “federation”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Federative Republic of Brazil
Federative Republic of Brazil


フレズノ

From English Fresno, from Spanish Fresno.

Fresno (a city in Fresno, California, United States)

Fresno (a county of California, United States)


イラン・イスラム共和国

ja-pos

^イラン・^イスラム ^きょうわこく

イラン・イスラム共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Iran Isuramu Kyōwakoku)

イラン・イスラム共和国 (canonical)
Iran Isuramu Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From イラン (“Iran”) + イスラム (Isuramu, “Islamic”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Islamic Republic of Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran


アルジェリア民主人民共和国

ja-pos

アルジェリア みんしゅ じんみん きょうわこく

アルジェリア民(みん)主(しゅ)人(じん)民(みん)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Arujeria Minshu Jinmin Kyōwakoku)

アルジェリア民主人民共和国 (canonical)
Arujeria Minshu Jinmin Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From アルジェリア (Arujeria, “Algeria”) + 民主 (minshu, “democracy”) + 人民共和国 (jinmin kyōwakoku, “people's republic”).

af

People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
People's Democratic Republic of Algeria

the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria


アルヘシラス

From Spanish Algeciras, from Arabic الْجَزِيرَة (al-jazīra, literally “the island; the peninsula”).

der

Algeciras (a city and municipality of Cádiz, Andalusia, Spain)


与那国

[jo̞na̠ɡɯ̟ɲ̟i]


うちなーぐち

ja-noun

うちなーぐち or ウチナーグチ • (uchināguchi)

うちなーぐち (canonical)
ウチナーグチ (canonical)
uchināguchi (romanization)

[ɯ̟t͡ɕina̠ːɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]

Unadapted borrowing from Okinawan 沖縄口(うちなーぐち) (uchināguchi).


倉真

A place name, such as that of Kurawa in Kakegawa city.


カルグーリー

ja-pos

カルグーリー • (Karugūrī)


ベーカーズフィールド

ベーカーズフィールド • (Bēkāzufīrudo)

ja:ベーカーズフィールド


山県

Yamagata (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


ダ埼玉

ダ埼玉 (canonical)
Dasaitama (romanization)

Saitama (city)
Saitama Prefecture
Tamori

Attested since the 1980s.
Blend of ダサい (dasai, “uncool”) + 埼玉 (Saitama, “Saitama Prefecture”, or the titular capital before 2001), often attributed to Japanese comedian Tamori (Kazuyoshi Morita).

blend

1992, Aiko Sato, Rōhei wa shinazu [Old soldiers don’t die]:

「東京というのはダサイとこだ…ダサイ文化が焼酎を支えている。その源はダ埼玉にある」というようなものだそう

“Tōkyō to iu no wa dasai toko da… dasai bunka ga shōchū o sasaete-iru. Sono minamoto wa Dasaitama ni aru” to iu yō na mono da sō

They say, “Tokyo is a dasai place... dasai culture supports shochu. The fountainhead is in Dasai-tama.”

(slang, derogatory) Synonym of 埼玉 (Saitama): Saitama Prefecture

2013, Shigenori Yamanaka, Kore de ii no ka? Saitama-ken, page 50:

1988年の開局当時、エフエム埼玉を名乗っていた FM 放送局は、「ダ埼玉のラジオ局」という印象を与えるとでも思ったのか、 2001年に「埼玉」をなくして、もともとの愛称であったヨコ文字 (というかアルファベットだけど) の NACK 5 と名称変更された。

せんきゅうひゃくはちじゅうはち

Senkyūhyakuhachijūhachi-nen no kaikyoku tōji, Efuemu Saitama o nanotte-ita efuemu hōsōkyoku wa,“Dasaitama no rajio kyoku” to iu inshō o ataeru to demo omotta no ka, nisen'ichi-nen ni “Saitama” o nakushite, motomoto no aishō deatta yoko moji (to iu ka arufabetto dake do) no Nakku Faibu to meishō henkō sareta.

When it began broadcasting in 1988 FM Saitama was labeled “Dasai-tama radio station”, but in 2001 when Saitama dropped its kanji spelling the station name was changed to Nack5, originally a nickname, written horizontally (in Latin characters).

(slang, derogatory) Synonym of さいたま (Saitama): the titular capital of Saitama Prefecture


ヒマラヤ

Borrowed from Sanskrit हिमालय (himā-laya, “abode of snow”), from हिम (himá, “frost, snow”) + आलय (ā-laya, “house, abode, dwelling”).


エチオピア連邦民主共和国

ja-pos

エチオピア れんぽう みんしゅ きょうわこく

エチオピア連(れん)邦(ぽう)民(みん)主(しゅ)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Echiopia Renpō Minshu Kyōwakoku)

エチオピア連邦民主共和国 (canonical)
Echiopia Renpō Minshu Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From エチオピア (Echiopia, “Ethiopia”) + 連邦 (renpō, “federation”) + 民主 (minshū, “democracy”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia


南沙諸島

南沙諸島 (canonical)
Nansa Shotō (romanization)

Calque of Chinese 南沙群島 /南沙群岛 (Nánshā Qúndǎo)


スプラトリー諸島

スプラトリー諸島 (canonical)
Supuratorī Shotō (romanization)

Synonym of 南沙諸島 (Nansa Shotō, “Spratly Islands”)


スプラトリー群島

スプラトリー群島 (canonical)
Supuratorī Guntō (romanization)


西沙諸島

西沙諸島 (canonical)
Seisa Shotō (romanization)

Calque of Chinese 西沙群島 /西沙群岛 (Xīshā Qúndǎo)


パラセル諸島

パラセル諸島 (canonical)
Paraseru Shotō (romanization)

Synonym of 西沙諸島 (Seisa Shotō, “Paracel Islands”)


パラセル群島

パラセル群島 (canonical)
Paraseru Guntō (romanization)


東沙諸島

東沙諸島 (canonical)
Tōsa Shotō (romanization)

Calque of Chinese 東沙群島 /东沙群岛 (Dōngshā Qúndǎo)


カルカッタ

Synonym of コルカタ (Korukata, “Kolkata”), the capital city of West Bengal, India


ソマリア連邦共和国

ja-pos

ソマリア れんぽう きょうわこく

ソマリア連(れん)邦(ぽう)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Somaria Renpō Kyōwakoku)

ソマリア連邦共和国 (canonical)
Somaria Renpō Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From ソマリア (Somaria, “Somalia”) + 連邦 (renpō, “federation”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Federal Republic of Somalia
Federal Republic of Somalia


新高山

新高山 (canonical)
Niitakayama (romanization)

From Torii and Ushinosuke's discovery in 1900 that Yushan was higher than Mount Fuji in the Japanese Islands.

(historical) Former name of 玉山, the highest mountain on Taiwan Island.


次高山

次高山 (canonical)
Tsugitakayama (romanization)

From the discovery that Xueshan was higher than Mount Fuji in the Japanese Islands but shorter than Yushan on Taiwan.

(historical) Former name of 玉山, the 2nd-highest mountain on Taiwan Island.


セーヌ

ja-pos

セーヌ • (Sēnu)

セーヌ川

Seine (a major river in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Grand Est, Île-de-France and Normandy regions, France)


モントセラト

Montserrat (an island and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean)


紅頭嶼

(historical) Former name of 蘭嶼: Orchid Island.


北マケドニア

北マケドニア (canonical)
Kita Makedonia (romanization)

From 北 (kita, “north”) + マケドニア (Makedonia, “Macedonia”).

af

North Macedonia
North Macedonia#English:_Q221

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

North Macedonia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


北マケドニア共和国

ja-pos

きた マケドニア きょうわこく

北(きた)マケドニア共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Kita Makedonia Kyōwakoku)

北マケドニア共和国 (canonical)
Kita Makedonia Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From 北マケドニア (Kita Makedonia, “North Macedonia”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Republic of North Macedonia
Republic of North Macedonia


パサルガダエ

Learned borrowing from Latin Pasargadae, from Ancient Greek Πασαργάδαι (Pasargádai).

If only I could come back to Pasargadae. If only I could see the shine of those gates again…

パサルガダエに帰りつくまでは あの塔門の輝きを再びこの目でみるまでは……

Pasarugadae ni kaeritsuku made wa Ano tōmon no kagayaki o futatabi kono me de miru made wa……


肥沃な三日月地帯

ja-pos

^ひよく な ^みかづき ^ちたい

肥(ひ)沃(よく)な三(み)日(か)月(づき)地(ち)帯(たい) • (Hiyoku na Mikazuki Chitai)

肥沃な三日月地帯 (canonical)
Hiyoku na Mikazuki Chitai (romanization)

From 肥沃 (hiyoku, “fertile”) + な (na) + 三日月 (mikazuki, “crescent-shaped”) + 地帯 (chitai, “area”).


アッシリア

[a̠ɕːiɾʲia̠]


ハーメルン

ハーメルンの笛吹き男


メーロス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Μῆλος (Mêlos)

lbor

Alternative form of ミロス (Mirosu, “Milos (an island in Greece)”)


カリカット

コーリコード コーリコード#Japanese

Synonym of コーリコード (Kōrikōdo, “Kozhikode”); Calicut (a city in India)


コーリコード

ja-pos

コーリコード • (Kōrikōdo)


ホーチミン市

^ホー ^チ ^ミン-し

ホーチミン市 (canonical)
Hō Chi Min-shi (romanization)

Calque of Vietnamese Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, equivalent to ホーチミン (Hō Chi Min, “Ho Chi Minh”) + 市 (-shi, “city”)

suf

Ho Chi Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City#English


フローレンス

From English Florence. Doublet of フィレンツェ (Firentse).


亜大陸

From 亜 (a-, “sub-”) + 大陸 (tairiku, “continent”).


タスマン海

タスマン海 (canonical)
Tasuman-kai (romanization)

Calque of English Tasman Sea, equivalent to タスマン (Tasuman, “Tasman”) + 海 (-kai, “sea”)


ロドス

ja:ロドス ja:ロドス島

Rhodes (an island in the Dodecanese, Greece, in the Aegean Sea)

A city on the island of Rhodes, Greece, and the capital of the Dodecanese


阿緱

ja-pos

阿(あ)緱(こう) or 阿緱(アコウ) • (Akō)

阿緱 (canonical)
阿緱 (canonical)
Akō (romanization)

Homophonous replacement for 阿猴 (あこう, Akō) in 1903.

ja-l/helper

阿猴 (あこう, Akō)

ja-l

阿猴 (あこう, Akō)

(historical) Akō (a subprefecture in Takao prefecture, Taiwan under Japanese rule)


補陀落

[ɸɯ̟da̠ɾa̠kɯ̟]

der

Chinese 補陀洛伽 /补陀洛伽


バハマ国

バハマ国 (canonical)
Bahama-koku (romanization)

From バハマ (Bahama, “Bahamas”) + 国 (-koku, “country”).

suf

Commonwealth of The Bahamas
Commonwealth of The Bahamas


ミルウォーキー

ja-pos

ミルウォーキー • (Miruwōkī)


大洋州

Coined by Fukuzawa Yukichi in 1869 in his Sekai Kunizukushi, from a compound of 大(たい) (tai, “big, large”) + 洋(よう) (yō, “ocean”) + 州(しゅう) (shū, “continent”). 州 is a daiyōji replacing 洲.


アウシュヴィッツ

ja:アウシュヴィッツ＝ビルケナウ強制収容所


内モンゴル

内モンゴル (canonical)
Uchi Mongoru (romanization)

[ɯ̟t͡ɕi mõ̞ŋɡo̞ɾɯ̟]

Inner Mongolia (an autonomous region of China)


内モンゴル

内モンゴル (canonical)
Nai Mongoru (romanization)

[na̠i mõ̞ŋɡo̞ɾɯ̟]


八雲

八雲町: Yakumo (a town in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


バーロ

ja-pos

バーロ • (Bāro)

Barro (a municipality of Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain)


ネーデルランド

[ne̞ːde̞ɾɯ̟ɾã̠ndo̞]

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

constituent countries
constituent country

Netherlands (The main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located primarily in Western Europe bordering Germany and Belgium)

Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)


蘭国

[ɾã̠ŋko̞kɯ̟]

Abbreviation of 阿蘭陀 (Oranda). + 国(こく) (koku, “country”).

Holland (a traditional region in the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)

Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


セントクリストファー

ja:セントクリストファー島


セントキッツ

セントクリストファー セントクリストファー#Japanese

Synonym of セントクリストファー (Sento Kurisutofā, “Saint Christopher”); Saint Kitts


ネイビス

From English Nevis, from Spanish nieves (literally “snows”).


セントクリストファー・ネイビス連邦

セント クリストファー・ネイビス れんぽう

セントクリストファー・ネイビス連(れん)邦(ぽう) • (Sento Kurisutofā Neibisu Renpō)

セントクリストファー・ネイビス連邦 (canonical)
Sento Kurisutofā Neibisu Renpō (romanization)

Calque of English Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis, equivalent to セントクリストファー・ネイビス (Sento Kurisutofā Neibisu, “Saint Christopher and Nevis”) + 連邦 (renpō, “federation”)

af

セントクリストファー・ネイビス

Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis


セントキッツ・ネイビス連邦

ja-pos

セント キッツ・ネイビス れんぽう

セントキッツ・ネイビス連(れん)邦(ぽう) • (Sento Kittsu Neibisu Renpō)

セントキッツ・ネイビス連邦 (canonical)
Sento Kittsu Neibisu Renpō (romanization)

Calque of English Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis, equivalent to セントキッツ・ネイビス (Sento Kittsu Neibisu, “Saint Kitts and Nevis”) + 連邦 (renpō, “federation”)

af

セントクリストファー・ネイビス連邦 セントクリストファー・ネイビス連邦#Japanese

Synonym of セントクリストファー・ネイビス連邦 (Sento Kurisutofā Neibisu Renpō, “Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis”)


サルデーニャ

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


プッリャ

[pɯ̟ɾ̚ʲɾʲa̠]

administrative region
administrative region

Apulia (a peninsula and administrative region in southern Italy)


ガンビア共和国

ja-pos

ガンビア共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Ganbia Kyōwakoku)

ガンビア共和国 (canonical)
Ganbia Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From ガンビア (Ganbia, “Gambia”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Republic of The Gambia
Republic of The Gambia


コモロ連合

コモロ連合 (canonical)
Komoro Rengō (romanization)

From コモロ (Komoro, “Comoros”) + 連合 (rengō, “union”).

Union of the Comoros
Union of the Comoros


バングラデシュ人民共和国

ja-pos

バングラデシュ じんみん きょうわこく

バングラデシュ人(じん)民(みん)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Banguradeshu Jinmin Kyōwakoku)

バングラデシュ人民共和国 (canonical)
Banguradeshu Jinmin Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From バングラデシュ (Banguradeshu, “Bangladesh”) + 人民共和国 (kyōwakoku, “people's republic”).

af

People's Republic of Bangladesh
People's Republic of Bangladesh


ギリシャ共和国

ja-pos

ギリシャ共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Girisha Kyōwakoku)

ギリシャ共和国 (canonical)
Girisha Kyōwakoku (romanization)

[ɡʲiɾʲiɕa̠ kʲo̞ːβ̞a̠ko̞kɯ̟]

From ギリシャ (Girisha, “Greece”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).


延辺

Yanbian (a Korean autonomous prefecture in Jilin, China)


諳厄利亜

[ã̠ŋɡe̞ɾʲia̠]

Learned borrowing from Latin Anglia, probably from Dutch [Term?].

『諳厄利亜語林大成』

(obsolete) England (a country in Europe)


カールスタード

ja-pos

カールスタード • (Kārusutādo)


イェリヴァーレ

イェリヴァーレ • (Yerivāre)


大上

大(おお)上(うえ) or 大(おお)上(かみ) or 大(おお)上(がみ) or 大(だい)上(じょう) • (Ōue or Ōkami or Ōgami or Daijō)

大上 (canonical)
Ōkami (romanization)
大上 (canonical)
Ōgami (romanization)
大上 (canonical)
大上 (canonical)
大上 (canonical)
大上 (canonical)
Ōue (romanization)
Ōkami (romanization)
Ōgami (romanization)
Daijō (romanization)

A place in Aizubange, Kawanuma district, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.

A place in Mutsuzawa, Chōsei district, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.

A place in Ayase, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

A place in Sasayama, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.


会津坂下

会津坂下 (canonical)
Aizubange (romanization)

A town in Kawanuma district, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.


一関

一関 (canonical)
Ichinoseki (romanization)

Ichinoseki (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)


日向国

日向国(ひゅうがのくに) • (Hyūganokuni) ^(←ひうがのくに (Fiuganokuni)?)

日向国 (canonical)
Hyūganokuni (romanization)
Fiuganokuni (romanization)
ひうがのくに (hiragana historical)

[çɨːɡa̠ no̞ kɯ̟ɲ̟i]

Compound of 日向 (Hyūga, province name, literally “sun-facing”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 国 (kuni, “country, land; province (prior to the Meiji period)”).

compound

Hyūga Province, corresponding to modern Miyazaki Prefecture


サンピドロ

(dated) San Pedro (a community of Los Angeles, California, United States)


ワッソンビル

(dated) Watsonville (a city in Santa Cruz, California, United States)


帝国平原

帝国平原 (canonical)
Teikoku Heigen (romanization)

1921 May 4, 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], number 7714, page 4:

インデオよりエプリカツト本日出荷あり明日帝國平原ブローレーより二クレーツ出荷ある筈なるが最初當地に傳はりし情報にてはブローレー出荷が月曜日にあるべき豫定なりしが之れが遲れて遂にインデオに機先を制せられたる譯なり

Indeo yori Epurikatto honjitsu shukka ari myōnichi Teikoku Heigen Burōrē yori ni-kurētsu shukka aru hazu naru ga saisho tōchi ni tsutawarishi jōhō nite wa Burōrē shukka ga getsuyōbi ni aru beki yotei narishi ga kore ga okurete tsui ni Indeo ni kisen o seiseraretaru wake nari

(dated) Imperial Valley (a valley in California, United States)


サンオーキン

ja-pos

サンオーキン • (San Ōkin)

(dated) San Joaquin (a city in Fresno, California, United States)


独乙

獨乙製噴霧器 ― doitsu-sei funmuki ― German-made Atomizers

1935 March 13, 日伯新聞 (Nippaku Shinbun) [Nippo-Brazilian Newspaper], number 926, page 2

Obsolete spelling of ドイツ (“Germany (a country)”).


聖市

1935, “聖市々長 フアビオ・プラード [Mayor of Sao Paulo Fábio Prado]”, in 伯国著名政治家略伝 [Biographies of Noted Politicians of Brazil], 海外興業 (Overseas Industrial K.K.), →DOI, page 37:

一九三三年聖市護憲黨組織者の一人とたり

一九三三 いちきゅうさんさん

ichikyūsansan nen san pauro gokentau soshiki sha no hitori totari

サンパウロ サンパウロ#Japanese

Obsolete spelling of サンパウロ (San Pauro, “São Paulo (a municipality, the state capital of São Paulo, Brazil)”).


聖州

聖(せい)州(しゅう) • (Seishū) ^(←せいしう (Seisiu)?)

聖州 (canonical)
Seishū (romanization)
Seisiu (romanization)
せいしう (hiragana historical)

1925 April 10, 伯剌西爾時報 (Burajiru Jihō) [News of Brazil], number 391, page 2:

Ambassador Badoglio together with Mr De Michelis, Chairman of the Immigration Affairs Committee, were temporarily appointed ambassadors while stationed in the country by agreement of the São Paulo State Government under the immigration pact.

バドリヨ大使が歸國と共に移民總務委員會總裁デ・ミケリス氏が一時駐伯大使に任命され聖州政府と移民協約を締結する迄伯國に駐剳し[…]

Badoriyo-taishi ga kikoku to tomo ni imin sōmu iinkai sōsai De Mikerisu-shi ga ichiji chūhaku taishi ni ninmei sare Seishū seifu to imin kyōyaku o teiketsu suru made Burajiru ni chūsatsu shi […]

(obsolete) São Paulo (a state of Brazil)


聖州

サンパウロ サンパウロ#Japanese

Obsolete spelling of サンパウロ (San Pauro, “São Paulo (a state of Brazil)”).


亜郡

亜郡 (canonical)
A-gun (romanization)
Agun (romanization)
あぐん (hiragana historical)

亞郡同胞大勢一覽

1919 July 19, 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], number 7617, page 6:

亞郡マウントエデンの同胞有志相集りて久しく田舎では芝居もやらなかつたから今年は豐年滿作でこの喜は誰に頒つ由もない

A-gun Maunto Eden no dōhō yūshi aiatsumarite hisashiku inaka de wa shibai mo yaranakatta kara konnen wa hōnen-mansaku de kono yorokobi wa dare ni wakatsu yoshi mo nai

(obsolete) Short for アラメダ郡 (Arameda-gun, “Alameda (a county of California, United States)”).


麦嶺

麦嶺(バークレー) or 麦(ばく)嶺(れい) • (Bākurē or Bakurei)

麦嶺 (canonical)
麦嶺 (canonical)
Bākurē (romanization)
Bakurei (romanization)

1908, 丸山千曲, “序”, in 亞郡同胞大勢一覽 (Agun Dōhō Taisei Ichiran), 新世界新聞王府支社, page A17:

麥嶺の麓にて 千九百〇七年感謝日の前

千九百〇七年 せんきうひやくななねん

Bākurē no fumoto nite Senkyū-hyaku-nana-nen kanshahi no mae

1917 April 25, “荒地利用方針(くわうちりようはうしん) (Kōchi riyō hōshin)”, in 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], page 8:

麥嶺公立學校父兄會

公立學校父兄會 こうりつがくかうふけいくわい

1917 April 25, 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], page 8:

麥嶺日本人會

日本人會 にほんじんくわい

1923, 在米國華盛頓州シアトル市米國西北部聯絡日本人會, 米國西北部在留日本人發展略史 (Beikoku Seihoku-bu Zairyū Nihonjin Hatten Ryakushi) [A Brief History of the Development of the Resident Japanese in the Northwest of America], page 154:

[…]上吿人は[…]加州麥嶺ハイスクールを卒業後加州大學に約三ヶ年間在學し[…]

加州大學 かしうだいがく

[…] jōkokunin wa […] Kashū Bākurē hai-sukūru o sotsugyō-go Kashū Daigaku ni yaku-san-ka-nen-kan zaigaku shi […]

1929 June 2, “同胞農業貢献稱揚”, in 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], number 10629, page 3:

麥嶺日星クラブ

(obsolete) Berkeley (a city in Alameda, California, United States)


シヤトル

(obsolete) Seattle (a city in Washington, United States)


央州

央州 (canonical)
Ōshū (romanization)
Ausiu (romanization)
あうしう (hiragana historical)

(obsolete) Oregon (a state of the United States)


塩湖市

塩(えん)湖(こ)市(し) • (Enkoshi) ^(←えんこし (Enkosi)?)

塩湖市 (canonical)
Enkoshi (romanization)
Enkosi (romanization)
えんこし (hiragana historical)

(obsolete) Salt Lake City (a city, the state capital of Utah, United States)


塩湖市

塩湖市 (canonical)
Sōto Rēki-shi (romanization)

ソートレーキ市 ソートレーキ市#Japanese

Obsolete spelling of ソートレーキ市 (“Salt Lake City (a city, the state capital of Utah, United States)”).


馬哇

Obsolete spelling of マウイ (“Maui (an island in Hawaii, United States)”).


加哇

Obsolete spelling of カウアイ (“Kauai (an island in Hawaii, United States)”).


スポーケン

スポケーン スポケーン#Japanese

Alternative form of スポケーン (Supokēn, “Spokane (a city in Washington, United States)”)


連合国

連(れん)合(ごう)国(こく) • (Rengōkoku) ^(←れんがふこく (Rengafukoku)?)

連合国 (canonical)
Rengōkoku (romanization)
Rengafukoku (romanization)
れんがふこく (hiragana historical)

[ɾẽ̞ŋɡo̞ːko̞kɯ̟]

連合 (rengō, “union”) + 国 (-koku, “country”). Compare Korean 연합국 (Yeonhapguk, “Allies”), Chinese 聯合國 /联合国 (Liánhéguó, “United Nations”), Vietnamese Liên Hợp Quốc (“United Nations”).


うちなーんちゅ

ja-noun

うちなーんちゅ or ウチナーンチュ • (uchinānchu)

うちなーんちゅ (canonical)
ウチナーンチュ (canonical)
uchinānchu (romanization)

[ɯ̟t͡ɕinã̠ːɲ̟t͡ɕɨ]

Unadapted borrowing from Okinawan 沖縄(うちなー)ん人(ちゅ) (uchinānchu).


豊州

ja-pos

豊(ほう)州(しゅう) • (Hōshū)

(historical) the two provinces of Buzen (豊前) and Bungo (豊後)


マンティーカ

マンティーカ • (Mantīka)

(rare) Manteca (a city in San Joaquin, California, United States)


アフガン

アフガニスタン アフガニスタン#Japanese

Clipping of アフガニスタン (Afuganisutan).: Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


西アジア

西アジア (canonical)
Nishi Ajia (romanization)

From 西 (nishi, “west”) + アジア (Ajia, “Asia”).


メリスビル

[me̞ɾʲisɨbʲiɾɯ̟]

(dated) Marysville (a city in Yuba, California, United States)


神楽坂

神楽坂 (canonical)
Kagurazaka (romanization)

Kagurazaka (a neighborhood of Tokyo, Japan)


聖林

[ha̠ɾʲiɯ̟d̚d̥o̞]

Compound of 聖 (“holy”) + 林 (“woods”), from calque of English Holywood, from misspelling of Hollywood.

ハリウッド ハリウッド#Japanese

Obsolete spelling of ハリウッド (Hariuddo, “Hollywood (an area in Los Angeles, California, United States)”).


無人島

French: Bonin

English: Bonin

From 無人 (“unpopulated, deserted”) + 島 (“island(s)”). Compare Chinese 無人島 /无人岛 (wúréndǎo).


ジャップランド

[d͡ʑa̠p̚pɯ̟ɾã̠ndo̞]

Borrowed from English Japland, equivalent to ジャップ (Jappu, “Jap”) + ランド (rando, “land”).

com-ja

中世ジャップランド


墨其西古

墨其西古 (canonical)
Mekishiko (romanization)

(rare, obsolete) Alternative spelling of メキシコ (“Mexico (a country)”)


色丹

Shikotan (an island and district of Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)

Malokurilskoye (a town in Shikotan, Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


占守

From Ainu [Term?] via Russian Шумшу́ (Šumšú).


幌筵

幌筵 (canonical)
Paramushiru (romanization)


得撫

From Ainu ウルㇷ゚ (urup), meaning "red trout".


国後

From Ainu クンネ シㇼ (kunne sir), meaning "black island"; or Ainu キナ シㇼ (kina sir), meaning "grass island".


歯舞

From Ainu ハ アプ オマ イ (ha apu oma i), meaning "the islet where the drift ice retreats".


金武

Kin (a town in Kunigami district, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


金武

Kanatake (a village in Sawa district, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


アルマニャック

Armagnac (A region and former county of the duchy of Gascony in modern-day France)


デュッセルドルフ

[dʲɨsːe̞ɾɯ̟do̞ɾɯ̟ɸɯ̟]

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Düsseldorf (the capital and largest city of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


グラナダ

[ɡɯ̟̊ɾa̠na̠da̠]


晩香坡

ja-pos

晩香坡(バンクーバー) or 晩香坡(ヴァンクーヴァー) • (Bankūbā or Vankūvā)

晩香坡 (canonical)
晩香坡 (canonical)
Bankūbā (romanization)
Vankūvā (romanization)

[bã̠ŋkɯ̟ːba̠ː]

在晩香坡日本人

晩香坡 ヴアンクーヴアー

1913, “第三節 晩香坡市日本人社會”, in 実地踏査北米, page 319:

晩香坡市日本人社會

市日本人社會 しにほんじんしやくわい

1916, “一 米國晩香坡より”, in 高等女子新作文, volume 4, page 169:

米國晩香坡より

バンクーバー バンクーバー#Japanese

ヴァンクーヴァー ヴァンクーヴァー#Japanese

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

Obsolete spelling of バンクーバー (Bankūbā). or ヴァンクーヴァー (Vankūvā, “Vancouver (a city in British Columbia, Canada)”)


湾東

(obsolete) East Bay (an area, a San Francisco Bay Area in California, United States)


華村

華村 (canonical)
Wasson (romanization)
Watuson (romanization)
ワツソン (historical katakana)

(obsolete) Watsonville (a city in Santa Cruz, California, United States)


ワトソンビル

[β̞a̠to̞sõ̞mbʲiɾɯ̟]


亜市

亜市 (canonical)
A-shi (romanization)
Asi (romanization)
あし (hiragana historical)

(obsolete) Short for アラメダ市 (Arameda-shi, “Alameda (a city in Alameda, California, United States)”).


世田谷

Setagaya (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


葛飾

葛飾 (canonical)
Katsushika (romanization)

Katsushika (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


鞍馬山

鞍馬山 (canonical)
Kuramayama (romanization)

Mount Kurayama (a mountain in Kyoto, Japan)


後山

後山 (canonical)
Ushiroyama (romanization)


小倉山

小(お)倉(ぐら)山(やま) • (Ogurayama) ^(←をぐらやま (Wogurayama)?)

小倉山 (canonical)
Ogurayama (romanization)
Wogurayama (romanization)
をぐらやま (hiragana historical)

[o̞ɡɯ̟ɾa̠ja̠ma̠]

Mount Ogura (a mountain in Kyoto, Japan)


シェトランド

From English Shetland, from Scots Shetland, from Old Norse Hjaltland.


エスワティニ

Eswatini (a country in Southern Africa, formerly called Swaziland)


十勝

→ English: Tokachi

→ Russian: То́кати (Tókati)


伊豆の国

伊豆の国 (canonical)
Izunokuni (romanization)

zh-l

伊豆之國／伊豆之国 (Yīdòuzhīguó)

→ Chinese: 伊豆之國／伊豆之国 (Yīdòuzhīguó)

Izunokuni (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


焼津

燒津／烧津 (Shāojīn)

→ Chinese: 燒津／烧津 (Shāojīn)

Compound of やい (yai), the イ音便 (i-onbin) form of 焼(や)き (yaki), the 連用形(れんようけい) (ren'yōkei) of verb 焼(や)く (yaku, “to burn”) + 津(つ) (tsu, “harbor, port”). The tsu changes to zu as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Yaizu (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


浜名湖

浜名湖 (canonical)
Hamana-ko (romanization)

Lake Hamana (a lake in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


ロシヤ

Dated form of ロシア (Roshia, “Russia (a country)”).


鴨緑江

ja-pos

鴨(おう)緑(りょく)江(こう) • (Ōryokukō) ^(←あふりよくかう (Afuryokukau)?)

鴨緑江 (canonical)
Ōryokukō (romanization)
Afuryokukau (romanization)
あふりよくかう (hiragana historical)

[o̞ːɾʲo̞kɯ̟ko̞ː]

From Chinese 鴨綠江 /鸭绿江 (Yālù Jiāng).
/apuryokukau/ > /oːryokkoː/
/apu/ → /afu/ → /au/ → /ɔː/ → /oː/

Yalu River (a river on the China-North Korea border)

阿利那礼河

阿利那礼河 アリナレがわ


亘理

[β̞a̠ta̠ɾʲi]


出島

Dejima (an island in Nagasaki, Japan), created by the Portuguese and known for being the only point of contact between the Japanese and the Dutch during the sakoku period


門別

Monbetsu (a former town in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan, today merged with the town of Hidaka)


ユーゴスラビア社会主義連邦共和国

ユーゴスラビア しゃかい しゅぎ れんぽう きょうわこく

ユーゴスラビア社(しゃ)会(かい)主(しゅ)義(ぎ)連(れん)邦(ぽう)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Yūgosurabia Shakai Shugi Renpō Kyōwakoku)

ユーゴスラビア社会主義連邦共和国 (canonical)

Calque of Serbo-Croatian Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija, equivalent to ユーゴスラビア (Yūgosurabia, “Yugoslavia”) + 社会主義 (shakai shugi, “socialism”) + 連邦 (renpō, “federation”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

compound

(history) the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

ja:ユーゴスラビア社会主義連邦共和国

ユーゴスラヴィア社会主義連邦共和国

Yūgosuravia Shakai Shugi Renpō Kyōwakoku


ユーゴスラビア王国

ja-pos

ユーゴスラビア おうこく

ユーゴスラビア王国 (canonical)
Yūgosurabia Ōkoku (romanization)

ユーゴスラビア (Yūgosurabia, “Yugoslavia”) + 王国 (ōkoku, “kingdom”).

compound

Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Kingdom of Yugoslavia#English

(historical) the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (a former country in Europe)

ja:ユーゴスラビア王国


アラバ

Borrowed from Spanish Álava or Basque Araba.

2017 October 29, 小(こ)宮(みや)良(よし)之(ゆき) (Komiya Yoshiyuki), “異(い)端(たん)なるバスクサッカー、その源(げん)流(りゅう)を求(もと)めて。 (Itan naru Basuku sakkā, sono genryū o motomete., “In search of the heterodox origins of Basque soccer.”)”, in Ya(ヤ)hoo(フー)!ニュース (Yafū! Nyūsu, “Yahoo! News”):

また、アラバ県のアラベスは昨シーズン、スペイン国王杯で決勝に進出。

Mata, Araba ken no Arabesu wa saku shīzun, Supein kokuō-hai de kesshō ni shinshutsu.

Also, Alavés from Álava province made it to the finals of the Spanish King's Cup last season.

Álava (a province of the Basque Country, Spain).


バスク

Basque Country (a geographical region in northern in Spain and southwestern France)

autonomous community
autonomous community

Basque Country (an autonomous community of Spain)


スペイン・バスク

Compound of スペイン (Supein, “Spain”) + バスク (Basuku, “Basque Country”).

2017 August 23, “大(だい)学×(がく×)スタートアップ 美(び)食(しょく)の街(まち)がフードテック聖(せい)地(ち)に (Daigaku×Sutātoappu bishoku no machi ga fūdotekku seichi ni, “University x Startup: Gourmet city becomes a food-tech holy place”)”, in 日(に)本経(ほんけい)済新(ざいしん)聞(ぶん) (Nihon Keizai Shinbun, “The Nikkei”):

今やすっかりグルメの街として知られ、その食文化を堪能しようと世界中から観光客が押し寄せるスペイン・バスク地方のサン・セバスチャン。

Ima ya sukkari gurume no machi to shite shirare, sono shokubunka o tannō shiyō to sekaijū kara kankōkyaku ga oshiyoseru Supein Basuku chihō no San Sebasuchan.

Nowadays known as a gourmet city, tourists from all over the world want to enjoy the food culture in San Sebastián, in the Spanish Basque Country

Southern Basque Country
Southern Basque Country

Spanish Basque Country
Spanish Basque Country#English

Southern Basque Country, Spanish Basque Country (a geographical region in northern in Spain)


ルシタニア

[ɾɯ̟ɕita̠ɲ̟ia̠]

Lusitania (an ancient kingdom and province of the Roman Empire in northeastern Iberia)

(poetic) Lusitania, Portugal (a country in southwestern Europe)


ルテニア

[ɾɯ̟te̞ɲ̟ia̠]

Ruthenia, Rus (a historical region in Eastern Europe)


羅城門

ja-pos

羅(ら)城(じょう)門(もん) or 羅城門(らせいもん) • (Rajōmon or Raseimon)

羅城門 (canonical)
羅城門 (canonical)
Rajōmon (romanization)
Raseimon (romanization)

[ɾa̠ʑo̞ːmõ̞ɴ]

[ɾa̠se̞ːmõ̞ɴ]

Rajōmon (a former gate in Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)


祇園

祇園 (canonical)
Gion (romanization)
Giwon (romanization)
ぎをん (hiragana historical)

/ɡiwon/ → /ɡion/
Calque of Sanskrit जेतवन (Jetavana, literally “grove of Jeta”).


松前

松前町: Matsumae (a town in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


松前

松前町: Masaki (a town in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


金剛山

[kõ̞ŋɡo̞ːsã̠ɴ]

Mount Kongō (a mountain in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)

Mount Kongō (a mountain in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


ラバウル

[ɾa̠ba̠ɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

From Tolai Rabaul (“Rabaul”, literally “the mangrove”), sometime before its occupation by Japan during World War II.

bor

『ラバウル小唄』

『さらばラバウル』

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English


K国

From kana initials of 韓(かん) (Kan, “Korean”) + 国(こく) (koku, “country”).

K国反応

Responses from South Korea(ns) (used commonly for provocative titles on YouTube)

(derogatory, offensive, Internet slang) South Korea


ケラヴァ

Kerava (a town and municipality of Uusimaa, Finland).


済南

Jinan (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Shandong, in eastern China)


唐国

[ka̠ɾa̠kɯ̟ɲ̟i]

(archaic) China (a region and country in East Asia)


八頭

Yazu (a town in Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


カルタゴ

Carthage (an ancient city in North Africa, in modern Tunisia)


カルタゴ

ja:カルタゴ (コスタリカ)

Cartago (a canton of Cartago, Costa Rica)

Cartago (a city in Cartago canton, Cartago, Costa Rica)


ふえふき

[ɸɯ̟e̞ɸɯ̟kʲi]

笛吹: Fuefuki (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)


ウーメラ

ja-pos

ウーメラ • (Ūmera)

From English Woomera, ultimately from Dharug [Term?].

2020 November 16, “リエントリに向けた運用状況”, in JAXA はやぶさ２プロジェクト:

アデレードでの2週間の隔離を経て、先発隊（14名）は無事ウーメラに到着しました。

Aderēdo de no ni-shūkan no kakuri o hete, senpatsu-tai (jūyon-mei) wa muji Ūmera ni tōchaku shimashita.

After 2 weeks of isolation in Adelaide, the advance party (14 people) made it to Woomera without a hitch.


ソ連邦

ソビエト連邦 ソビエト連邦#Japanese

Clipping of ソビエト連邦 (Sobieto Renpō, “Soviet Union (a former country)”).


石狩

From Ainu, with multiple possible etymons.

ja:石狩川 ja:石狩市 ja:石狩郡

石狩国

(history) Ishikari (a province of Japan)

石狩振興局

Ishikari (a subprefecture of Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)

石狩市

Ishikari (a city in Ishikari, Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)

石狩郡

Ishikari (a district of Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)

石狩川

Ishikari (a river in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)

石狩岳

Ishikari (a mountain in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


厚田

Atsuta (a former village in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)

Short for 厚田郡: Atsuta District (a former district of Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


新篠津

新篠津 (canonical)
Shinshinotsu (romanization)

[ɕĩɰ̃ɕino̞t͡sɨ]

新 (shin-, “neo-”) + 篠津 (Shinotsu, historical Ainu place name)

pre

新篠津村

Shinshinotsu (a village in Ishikari, Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


浜益

浜益村: Hamamasu (a former village in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)

Hamamasu District
Hamamasu District#English

浜益郡: Hamamasu District (a former district of Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


当別

ja-pos

当(とう)別(べつ) • (Tōbetsu) ^(←たうべつ (Taubetu)?)

当別 (canonical)
Tōbetsu (romanization)
Taubetu (romanization)
たうべつ (hiragana historical)

Ainu トペッ (topet, literally “swamp river”)

bor

当別町

Tōbetsu (a town in Ishikari, Hokkaido, Japan)


北広島

北広島 (canonical)
Kitahiroshima (romanization)

ja:北広島市 ja:北広島町

Kitahiroshima (a city in Ishikari, Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)

Kitahiroshima (a town in Yamagata district, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


恵庭

恵庭 (canonical)
Eniwa (romanization)
Wenifa (romanization)
ゑには (hiragana historical)

Eniwa (a city in Ishikari, Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


七飯

七飯町: Nanae (a town in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


木古内

Kikonai (a town in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


知内

[ɕiɾʲiɯ̟t͡ɕi]

知内町: Shiriuchi (a town in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


鹿部

Shikabe (a town in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)