シヤトル

(obsolete) Seattle (a city in Washington, United States)


央州

央州 (canonical)
Ōshū (romanization)
Ausiu (romanization)
あうしう (hiragana historical)

(obsolete) Oregon (a state of the United States)


塩湖市

ja-pos

塩(えん)湖(こ)市(し) • (Enkoshi) ^(←えんこし (Enkosi)?)

塩湖市 (canonical)
Enkoshi (romanization)
Enkosi (romanization)
えんこし (hiragana historical)

(obsolete) Salt Lake City (a city, the state capital of Utah, United States)


塩湖市

塩湖市 (canonical)
Sōto Rēki-shi (romanization)

ソートレーキ市 ソートレーキ市#Japanese

obsolete spelling of ソートレーキ市 (= Salt Lake City), a city, the state capital of Utah, United States


馬哇

obsolete spelling of マウイ (= Maui), an island in Hawaii, United States


加哇

obsolete spelling of カウアイ (= Kauai), an island in Hawaii, United States


スポーケン

スポケーン スポケーン#Japanese

Alternative form of スポケーン (Supokēn, “Spokane (a city in Washington, United States)”)


豊州

豊(ほう)州(しゅう) • (Hōshū)

Compound of 豊 (Clipping of 豊国 (“Toyo Province”)) + 州 (shū, “province”)

com+

Clipping of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">豊国</i> (“Toyo Province”)

(historical) Short for 豊国 (Toyo no kuni, “Toyo Province, a feudal province of Japan”).

Short for 豊前国 (Buzen no kuni, “Buzen Province”).

Short for 豊後国 (Bungo no kuni, “Bungo Province”).


マンティーカ

ja-pos

マンティーカ • (Mantīka)

(rare) Manteca (a city in San Joaquin, California, United States)


加利福尼亜

加利福尼亜 (canonical)
Kariforunia (romanization)

カリフォルニア カリフォルニア#Japanese

obsolete spelling of カリフォルニア (= California), a state of the United States


アフガン

アフガニスタン アフガニスタン#Japanese

clipping of アフガニスタン (Afuganisutan): Afghanistan (a landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


メリスビル

[me̞ɾʲisɨbʲiɾɯ̟]

(dated) Marysville (a city in Yuba, California, United States)


神楽坂

神楽坂 (canonical)
Kagurazaka (romanization)

Kagurazaka (a neighborhood of Tokyo, Japan)


聖林

[ha̠ɾʲiɯ̟d̚d̥o̞]

Compound of 聖 (“holy”) + 林 (“woods”), from calque of English Holywood, from misspelling of Hollywood.

ハリウッド ハリウッド#Japanese

obsolete spelling of ハリウッド (Hariuddo) (= Hollywood), an area of Los Angeles, California, United States


色丹

Shikotan (an island and district of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

Malokurilskoye (a town in Shikotan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


占守

From Ainu [Term?] via Russian Шумшу́ (Šumšú).


幌筵

幌筵 (canonical)
Paramushiru (romanization)


得撫

From Ainu ウルㇷ゚ (urup), meaning "red trout".


択捉

[e̞to̞ɾo̞ɸɯ̟]

From Ainu エツ゚ヲロㇷ゚シㇼ (Etuworop-sir, “island with many capes”).


国後

From Ainu クンネ シㇼ (kunne sir), meaning "black island"; or Ainu キナ シㇼ (kina sir), meaning "grass island".


金武

Kin (a town in Kunigami district, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


金武

Kanatake (a village in Sawa district, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


コルス゠デュ゠シュド県

ja-pos

^コルス゠デュ゠^シュド-けん

コルス゠デュ゠シュド県 (canonical)
Korusu-dyu-Shudo-ken (romanization)

[ko̞ɾɯ̟sɨdʲɨɕɨdo̞kẽ̞ɴ]

Corse-du-Sud (a department of Corsica, France)


アルマニャック

Armagnac (a region and former county of the duchy of Gascony in modern-day France)


カルヴァドス

Borrowed from English calvados. The department may be borrowed directly from French Caldavos.

Calvados (a department of Normandy, France)


甘粛

Gansu (a province in northwestern China)


デュッセルドルフ

[dʲɨsːe̞ɾɯ̟do̞ɾɯ̟ɸɯ̟]

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Düsseldorf (the capital and largest city of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


晩香坡

晩香坡(バンクーバー) or 晩香坡(ヴァンクーヴァー) • (Bankūbā or Vankūvā)

晩香坡 (canonical)
晩香坡 (canonical)
Bankūbā (romanization)
Vankūvā (romanization)

[bã̠ŋkɯ̟ːba̠ː]

在晩香坡日本人

晩香坡 ヴアンクーヴアー

1913, “第三節 晩香坡市日本人社會”, in 実地踏査北米, page 319:

晩香坡市日本人社會

市日本人社會 しにほんじんしやくわい

1916, “一 米國晩香坡より”, in 高等女子新作文, volume 4, page 169:

米國晩香坡より

バンクーバー バンクーバー#Japanese

ヴァンクーヴァー ヴァンクーヴァー#Japanese

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

obsolete spelling of バンクーバー (Bankūbā) and ヴァンクーヴァー (Vankūvā) (= Vancouver), a city in British Columbia, Canada


湾東

(obsolete) East Bay (an area, a San Francisco Bay Area in California, United States)


華村

華村 (canonical)
Wasson (romanization)
Watuson (romanization)
ワツソン (historical katakana)

(obsolete) Watsonville (a city in Santa Cruz, California, United States)


ワトソンビル

[β̞a̠to̞sõ̞mbʲiɾɯ̟]


亜市

亜市 (canonical)
A-shi (romanization)
Asi (romanization)
あし (hiragana historical)

(obsolete) Short for アラメダ市 (Arameda-shi, “Alameda (a city in Alameda, California, United States)”).


世田谷

Setagaya (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


葛飾

葛飾 (canonical)
Katsushika (romanization)

Katsushika (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


鞍馬山

鞍馬山 (canonical)
Kuramayama (romanization)

Mount Kurayama (a mountain in Kyoto, Japan)


後山

後山 (canonical)
Ushiroyama (romanization)


小倉山

小(お)倉(ぐら)山(やま) • (Ogurayama) ^(←をぐらやま (Wogurayama)?)

小倉山 (canonical)
Ogurayama (romanization)
Wogurayama (romanization)
をぐらやま (hiragana historical)

[o̞ɡɯ̟ɾa̠ja̠ma̠]

Mount Ogura (a mountain in Kyoto, Japan)


ベニン

Benin (a country in West Africa, formerly Dahomey)


エスワティニ

Esuwatini (romanization)
エスワチニ (alternative)

Eswatini (a country in Southern Africa, formerly called Swaziland)


オレゴン

Pacific Northwest
Pacific Northwest#English

Oregon (a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States)


ウィスコンシン

Wisconsin (a state in the Upper Midwest region of the United States)


ワイオミング

Wyoming (a state of the United States, formerly a territory)


十勝

→ English: Tokachi

→ Russian: То́кати (Tókati)

Said to be from Ainu トカㇷ゚チ (tokapci). The exact original meaning, which is uncertain, is interpreted either as Ainu トカㇷ゚ウシ (tokap usi, “place of the breasts”) or Ainu トカオㇷ゚チ (toka op ci, “place of the swamp”).

der

Tokachi (a river in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan; in full, Tokachi River)

Tokachi Subprefecture
Tokachi Subprefecture#English

Tokachi (a subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, named after the river; in full, Tokachi Subprefecture)

Tokachi Province
Tokachi Province#English

Tokachi (a former province in modern Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan; in full, Tokachi Province)

Tokachi District
Tokachi District#English

Tokachi (a district of Tokachi subprefecture, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan; in full, Tokachi District)


伊豆の国

伊豆の国 (canonical)
Izunokuni (romanization)

zh-l

伊豆之國／伊豆之国 (Yīdòuzhīguó)

→ Chinese: 伊豆之國／伊豆之国 (Yīdòuzhīguó)

Izunokuni (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


焼津

燒津／烧津 (Shāojīn)

→ Chinese: 燒津／烧津 (Shāojīn)

Compound of やい (yai), the イ音便 (i-onbin) form of 焼(や)き (yaki), the 連用形(れんようけい) (ren'yōkei) of verb 焼(や)く (yaku, “to burn”) + 津(つ) (tsu, “harbor, port”). The tsu changes to zu as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Yaizu (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


浜名湖

浜名湖 (canonical)
Hamana-ko (romanization)

Lake Hamana (a lake in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


鴨緑江

ja-pos

鴨(おう)緑(りょく)江(こう) • (Ōryokukō) ^(←あふりよくかう (Afuryokukau)?)

鴨緑江 (canonical)
Ōryokukō (romanization)
Afuryokukau (romanization)
あふりよくかう (hiragana historical)

[o̞ːɾʲo̞kɯ̟ko̞ː]

From Chinese 鴨綠江 /鸭绿江 (Yālù Jiāng).
/apuryokukau/ > /oːryokkoː/
/apu/ → /afu/ → /au/ → /ɔː/ → /oː/

Yalu River (a river on the China-North Korea border)

阿利那礼河

阿利那礼河 アリナレがわ


亘理

[β̞a̠ta̠ɾʲi]

Watari (a district of Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)

Watari (a town in Watari district, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)


出島

Dejima (an island in Nagasaki, Japan), created by the Portuguese and known for being the only point of contact between the Japanese and the Dutch during the sakoku period


禅寺

ja-noun

禅(ぜん)寺(でら) • (zendera) ^(←ぜんでら (zendera)?)

禅寺 (canonical)
zendera (romanization)
ぜんでら (hiragana historical)

From 禅(ぜん) (zen) + 寺(てら) (tera). The tera changes to dera as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


門別

Monbetsu (a former town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, today merged with the town of Hidaka)


アラバ

Borrowed from Spanish Álava or Basque Araba.

2017 October 29, 小(こ)宮(みや)良(よし)之(ゆき) (Komiya Yoshiyuki), “異(い)端(たん)なるバスクサッカー、その源(げん)流(りゅう)を求(もと)めて。 (Itan naru Basuku sakkā, sono genryū o motomete., “In search of the heterodox origins of Basque soccer.”)”, in Ya(ヤ)hoo(フー)!ニュース (Yafū! Nyūsu, “Yahoo! News”):

また、アラバ県のアラベスは昨シーズン、スペイン国王杯で決勝に進出。

Mata, Araba ken no Arabesu wa saku shīzun, Supein kokuō-hai de kesshō ni shinshutsu.

Also, Alavés from Álava province made it to the finals of the Spanish King's Cup last season.

Álava (a province of the Basque Country, Spain).


バスク

Basque Country (a geographical region in northern in Spain and southwestern France)

autonomous community
autonomous community

Basque Country (an autonomous community of Spain)


スペイン・バスク

Compound of スペイン (Supein, “Spain”) + バスク (Basuku, “Basque Country”).

compound

2017 August 23, “大(だい)学×(がく×)スタートアップ 美(び)食(しょく)の街(まち)がフードテック聖(せい)地(ち)に (Daigaku×Sutātoappu bishoku no machi ga fūdotekku seichi ni, “University x Startup: Gourmet city becomes a food-tech holy place”)”, in 日(に)本経(ほんけい)済新(ざいしん)聞(ぶん) (Nihon Keizai Shinbun, “The Nikkei”):

今やすっかりグルメの街として知られ、その食文化を堪能しようと世界中から観光客が押し寄せるスペイン・バスク地方のサン・セバスチャン。

Ima ya sukkari gurume no machi to shite shirare, sono shokubunka o tannō shiyō to sekaijū kara kankōkyaku ga oshiyoseru Supein Basuku chihō no San Sebasuchan.

Nowadays known as a gourmet city, tourists from all over the world want to enjoy the food culture in San Sebastián, in the Spanish Basque Country

Southern Basque Country
Southern Basque Country

Spanish Basque Country
Spanish Basque Country#English

Southern Basque Country, Spanish Basque Country (a geographical region in northern in Spain)


ルシタニア

[ɾɯ̟ɕita̠ɲ̟ia̠]

Lusitania (an ancient kingdom and province of the Roman Empire in northeastern Iberia)

(poetic) Lusitania, Portugal (a country in southwestern Europe)


羅城門

ja-pos

羅(ら)城(じょう)門(もん) or 羅城門(らせいもん) • (Rajōmon or Raseimon)

羅城門 (canonical)
羅城門 (canonical)
Rajōmon (romanization)
Raseimon (romanization)

[ɾa̠ʑo̞ːmõ̞ɴ]

[ɾa̠se̞ːmõ̞ɴ]

Rajōmon (a former gate in Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)


祇園

祇園 (canonical)
Gion (romanization)
Giwon (romanization)
ぎをん (hiragana historical)

/ɡiwon/ → /ɡion/
Calque of Sanskrit जेतवन (Jetavana, literally “grove of Jeta”).


松前

松前町: Matsumae (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


松前

松前町: Masaki (a town in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


金剛山

[kõ̞ŋɡo̞ːsã̠ɴ]

From 金剛 (kongō, “diamond”) + 山 (-san). For sense "Mount Kumgang", orthographic borrowing from Korean 금강산(金剛山) (Geumgangsan).

obor

Mount Kongō (a mountain in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)

Mount Kongō (a mountain in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)

(dated) Mount Kumgang (a mountain in Kangwon Province, North Korea)


金剛山

金剛山 (canonical)
Kumugansan (romanization)

[kɯ̟mɯ̟ɡã̠ɰ̃sã̠ɴ]


ラバウル

[ɾa̠ba̠ɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

From Tolai Rabaul (“Rabaul”, literally “the mangrove”), sometime before its occupation by Japan during World War II.

bor

『ラバウル小唄』

『さらばラバウル』

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English


K国

From kana initials of 韓(かん) (Kan, “Korean”) + 国(こく) (koku, “country”).

K国反応

Responses from South Korea(ns) (used commonly for provocative titles on YouTube)

(derogatory, offensive, Internet slang) South Korea (a country in East Asia, comprising the southern part of the Korean Peninsula)


ケラヴァ

Kerava (a town and municipality of Uusimaa, Finland).


済南

Jinan (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Shandong, in eastern China)


唐国

[ka̠ɾa̠kɯ̟ɲ̟i]

(archaic) China (a region and country in East Asia)


八頭

Yazu (a town in Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


カルタゴ

Carthage (an ancient city in North Africa, in modern Tunisia)


カルタゴ

ja:カルタゴ (コスタリカ)

Cartago (a canton of Cartago, Costa Rica)

Cartago (a city in Cartago canton, Cartago, Costa Rica)


ふえふき

[ɸɯ̟e̞ɸɯ̟kʲi]

笛吹: Fuefuki (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)


ウーメラ

ja-pos

ウーメラ • (Ūmera)

From English Woomera, ultimately from Dharug [Term?].

2020 November 16, “リエントリに向けた運用状況”, in JAXA はやぶさ２プロジェクト:

アデレードでの2週間の隔離を経て、先発隊（14名）は無事ウーメラに到着しました。

Aderēdo de no ni-shūkan no kakuri o hete, senpatsu-tai (jūyon-mei) wa muji Ūmera ni tōchaku shimashita.

After 2 weeks of isolation in Adelaide, the advance party (14 people) made it to Woomera without a hitch.


石狩

From Ainu, with multiple possible etymons.

ja:石狩川 ja:石狩市 ja:石狩郡

石狩国

(history) Ishikari (a province of Japan)

石狩振興局

Ishikari (a subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

石狩市

Ishikari (a city in Ishikari subprefecture, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

石狩郡

Ishikari (a district of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

石狩川

Ishikari (a river in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

石狩岳

Ishikari (a mountain in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


厚田

Atsuta (a former village in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

Short for 厚田郡: Atsuta District (a former district of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


新篠津

新篠津 (canonical)
Shinshinotsu (romanization)

[ɕĩɰ̃ɕino̞t͡sɨ]

新 (shin-, “neo-”) + 篠津 (Shinotsu, historical Ainu place name)

pre

新篠津村

Shinshinotsu (a village in Ishikari subprefecture, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


浜益

浜益村: Hamamasu (a former village in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

Hamamasu District
Hamamasu District#English

浜益郡: Hamamasu District (a former district of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


当別

ja-pos

当(とう)別(べつ) • (Tōbetsu) ^(←たうべつ (Taubetu)?)

当別 (canonical)
Tōbetsu (romanization)
Taubetu (romanization)
たうべつ (hiragana historical)

Ainu トペッ (topet, literally “swamp river”)

bor

当別町

Tōbetsu (a town in Ishikari subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan)


北広島

北広島 (canonical)
Kitahiroshima (romanization)

ja:北広島市 ja:北広島町

Kitahiroshima (a city in Ishikari subprefecture, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

Kitahiroshima (a town in Yamagata district, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


恵庭

恵庭 (canonical)
Eniwa (romanization)
Wenifa (romanization)
ゑには (hiragana historical)

From Ainu エエンイワ (Een Iwa), meaning "pointed mountain".

Eniwa (a city in Ishikari subprefecture, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


七飯

七飯町: Nanae (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


木古内

Kikonai (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


知内

[ɕiɾʲiɯ̟t͡ɕi]

知内町: Shiriuchi (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


鹿部

Shikabe (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


長万部

長万部 (canonical)
Oshamanbe (romanization)

Oshamambe (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


厚沢部

Assabu (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


江差

Borrowed from Ainu エサウㇱイ (esaus i), meaning "place where the head is on the beach" or "the cape".

Esashi (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


雲州

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 雲州 /云州 (Yúnzhōu).
# (~区) a district of Datong, Shanxi, China.
#: Synonym: 雲州区 (Unshū ku)
Compound of 雲 (Clipping of 出雲 (“Izumo Province”)) + 州 (shū, “province”)

com+

Clipping of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">出雲</i> (“Izumo Province”)

(historical) Short for 出雲国 (Izumo no kuni, “Izumo Province, a feudal province of Japan”).


マイン

1928, Watanabe Shirō, Ōbei no minato to koshiben no mita kuniguni [Ports of Europe and the Americas and countries viewed from a low salary worker], page 624:

60. Frankfurt am Main. City on the banks of the Main. There are two cities in Germany called “Frankfurt”.

第六十 フランクフルト、アム、マイン
 マイン河岸の都市 獨逸には「フランクフルト」と云ふ市が二つある。

dairokujū Furankufuruto, amu, Main
 Main kagan no toshi Doitsu ni wa “Furankufuruto” to ifu shi ga futatsu aru.


上ノ国

上ノ国 (canonical)
Kaminokuni (romanization)

Kaminokuni (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


石窟寺

石窟寺 (canonical)
sekkutsuji (romanization)

Compound of 石窟(せっくつ) (sekkutsu, “rock cave”) + 寺(じ) (ji, “temple”)


蛤蟆塘

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 蛤蟆塘 (Hámatáng).

obor

1906, 大和田建樹, 天谷秀, 満韓鉄道唱歌
血戰著名の蛤蟆塘
kessen chomei no Kōmotō
infamous site of a bloodbath Hamat'ang

(historical) Hamatang (a town in Liaoning, China), site of a battle during the Russo-Japanese War


落石

a neighborhood of Monbetsu, Hokkaido Prefecture

an area near the base of Nemuro Peninsula in Nemuro city, Hokkaido Prefecture


落石

former name of Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky, a town in Sakhalin Oblast, Russia


東山道

(historical) a former district of Japan, extending from central through northeastern Honshu

東山

Tōsan, contemporary region encompassing part of the district


梁山

South Gyeongsang
South Gyeongsang#English

Yangsan (a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)


梁山

Mount Liang (a mountain in Liangshan, Shandong, China)

Liangshan (a county of Jining, Shandong, China)


威海衛

ja-pos

威(い)海(かい)衛(えい) • (Ikaiei) ^(←ゐかいゑい (Wikaiwei)?)

威海衛 (canonical)
Ikaiei (romanization)
Wikaiwei (romanization)
ゐかいゑい (hiragana historical)

(historical) Weihaiwei (a concession in China)


信州

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 信州 (Xìnzhōu)
# (historical) Xinzhou (a historical state in China; modern Chongqing)
Compound of 信 (Clipping of 信濃 (“Shinano Province”)) + 州 (shū, “province”)

com+

Clipping of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">信濃</i> (“Shinano Province”)

(historical) Short for 信濃国 (Shinano no kuni, “Shinano Province, a feudal province of Japan”).

信濃国

信州そば

(by extension, poetic) Nagano (a prefecture of Japan)


信濃国

信濃国 (canonical)
Shinano no Kuni (romanization)

(historical) Shinano Province, a historical prefecture of Japan in present-day Nagano prefecture


倭奴国

ja-pos

^わ の ^な の ^くに

倭奴国 (canonical)
Wa no Na no Kuni (romanization)

倭 (Wa) + の (no, genitive marker) + 奴国 (Na no Kuni)


奴国

ja-pos

奴(なの)国(くに) or 奴(な)国(こく) • (Na no Kuni or Nakoku)

奴国 (canonical)
奴国 (canonical)
Na no Kuni (romanization)
Nakoku (romanization)

奴 (Na, literally “slave”) + 国 (kuni, koku, “country”). See also 倭奴 (wado, wanu, “Japanese person/people”, literally “Wa slave(s)”).


狗奴国

ja-pos

狗(く)奴(ぬ)国(こく) or 狗(く)奴(な)国(こく) or 狗(く)奴(なの)国(くに) • (Kunukoku or Kunakoku or Kuna no Kuni)

狗奴国 (canonical)
狗奴国 (canonical)
狗奴国 (canonical)
Kunukoku (romanization)
Kunakoku (romanization)
Kuna no Kuni (romanization)

an ancient Japanese state that rivaled 邪馬台国 (Yamataikoku)


東国

the eight eastern provinces that are now Kantō


酒々井

Shisui (a town in Inba district, Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


梁山泊

梁山泊 (canonical)
Ryōzanpaku (romanization)

a place near Mount Liang in Water Margin where all 108 heroes gather


小笠原群島

小(お)笠(がさ)原(わら)群(ぐん)島(とう) • (Ogasawara Guntō)

小笠原群島 (canonical)
Ogasawara Guntō (romanization)

the Bonin Islands (an archipelago in Japan)


一戸

a town in Ninohe district, Iwate Prefecture, Japan


三戸

a town in Sannohe district, Aomori Prefecture, Japan


七戸

七戸 (canonical)
Shichinohe (romanization)

a town in Kamikita district, Aomori Prefecture, Japan


呉越

Wu and Yue (two ancient rival Chinese states)


可愛岳

a mountain in Nobeoka, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan


佃島

佃島 (canonical)
Tsukudajima (romanization)

a food said to originate from the island


馬尼剌

obsolete spelling of マニラ (Manira) (= Manila), the capital city of the Philippines


鴻巣

Kōnosu (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


哈爾浜

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 哈爾濱 /哈尔滨 (Hā'ěrbīn, “Harbin”).

obor

1957, 広島大学水畜産学部紀要 [Journal of the Faculty of Fisheries and Animal Husbandry, Hiroshima University], volumes 1-2, Fukuyama, Japan: Faculty of Fisheries and Animal Husbandry, Hiroshima University, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 182:

The central plains of Manchuria are […] divided into two parts, north and south, the northern plains being centered on a line between Harbin and Qiqihar.

満洲中央平原は[…]南北に二分せられ、北方平原は哈爾浜・斉々哈爾の線を中心とする平原であるが

Manshū chūō heigen wa […] nanboku ni ni-bu serare, hoppō heigen wa Harubin Chichiharu no sen o chūshin to suru heigen dearuga

Alternative spelling of ハルビン (“Harbin (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Heilongjiang, in northeastern China)”)


首里

首里 (canonical)
Shuri (romanization)
Syuri (romanization)
しゆり (hiragana historical)

Borrowed from Okinawan 首里 (Shuri), an earlier form of 首里 (Sui).

Shuri (a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


父島

父島 (canonical)
Chichijima (romanization)

父 (“father”) + 島 (“island”), because it's the biggest island in the archipelago


母島

母 (“mother”) + 島 (“island”), because it's the second biggest island in the archipelago


小笠原諸島

ja-pos

小(お)笠(がさ)原(わら)諸(しょ)島(とう) • (Ogasawara Shotō)

小笠原諸島 (canonical)
Ogasawara Shotō (romanization)


ちばらき

2014, Yano Shinichi, Ibaraki kenmin o ayatsuru [Mastering people of Ibaraki prefecture], page 9:

In Ibaraki prefecture, when you are speaking of coffee you must mean Max Coffee. It is only available in Ibaraki and Chiba, and some parts of Tochigi, so it is sometimes also called “Chibaraki coffee”.

茨城でコーヒーと言えばMAXと言われるぐらい […] 茨城と千葉、それに栃木の一部しか販売されておらず、別名「ちばらきコーヒー」とも呼ばれています。

Ibaraki de kōhī to ieba makkusu to iwareru gurai […] Ibaraki to Chiba, sore ni Tochigi no ichibu shika hanbai sarete orazu, betsumei “Chibaraki kōhī” to mo yobareteimasu.

2017, Ningen kankei ga yoku naru shusshin kenbetsu seikaku aishō [Improve personal relationships: character and chemistry based on home prefecture], page 12:

Chiba prefecture — Even “Chibaraki” is better than “Dasaitama”!?

千葉県—「ちばらき」でも、「ダサイたま」よりは全然マシ！？

Chiba-ken — “Chibaraki” de mo, “Dasaitama” yori wa zenzen mashi!?

2019 February 27, “Eiga ‘tonde Saitama’: ‘Bakushō, naite,…’, chiiki sa e no kando kyōdo ai hakaru ichijo ni [Movie ‘Flight to Saitama’: ‘Laughter, tears,...’ a measure of regional loyalty and love of hometown]”, in Nippon.com:

With fashionable towns (Yokohama, Kamakura) and the Shonan area, Kanagawa is “special”, but from the point of view of Tokyo there is no differentiating among “Guntama-Chibaraki” (Gunma and Saitama, Chiba and Ibaraki), Kanto’s other four prefectures are all one lump.

おしゃれな街（横浜、鎌倉）や湘南エリアを擁し一目置かれる神奈川は「別格」として、東京から「グンタマ-チバラキ」（群馬・埼玉–千葉・茨城）と一くくりにされる他の関東4県に異論のあるはずもない。

Oshare na machi (Yokohama, Kamakura) ya Shōnan eria o yō shi ichimoku okareru Kanagawa wa “bekkaku” to shite, Tōkyō kara “Guntama-Chibaraki” (Gunma Saitama – Chiba Ibaraki) to ichi kukuri ni sareru hoka no Kantō yon-ken ni iron no aru hazu mo nai.

2019 June 2, “‘Bura Tamori Chibaraki hen’ zen rūto o shashin de shōkai! [Introducing with photos all the routes taken in ‘Wandering Tamori Chibaraki episode’!]”, in Travel Jarna, archived from the original on 2020-05-13:

The TV program Wandering Tamori is visiting the Chibaraki area, where Chiba and Ibaraki prefectures meet at the Tone river. It is an area with strong ties. Chibaraki is not just a one-off nickname; it is used by local people, and even recorded in Ibaraki prefecture’s history.

ブラタモリは、千葉県と茨城県が利根川で県境を接する、ちばらきのエリアを訪ねています。相互に結びつきが強い地域です。ちばらきは、決して単なる俗称ではなく、地元でよく使われ、茨城県史にも掲載された名称です。

Bura Tamori wa, Chiba-ken to Ibaraki-ken ga Tone-gawa de kenkyō o sessuru, Chibaraki no eria o tazuneteimasu. Sōgo ni musubitsuki ga tsuyoi chiiki desu. Chibaraki wa, kesshite tan naru zokushō de wa naku, jimoto de yoku tsukaware, Ibaraki-ken shi ni mo keisai sareta meishō desu.

(informal, derogatory, sometimes humorous) the geographic region encompassing Chiba Prefecture and Ibaraki Prefecture

ダさいたま

Dasaitama, derogatory nickname for Saitama


浅草寺

[sẽ̞ɰ̃so̞ːʑi]


マルティニーク

[ma̠ɾɯ̟tʲiɲ̟iːkɯ̟]

administrative region
administrative region

Martinique (an island, overseas department, and administrative region of France, in the Caribbean)


仏国

Synonym of フランス (Furansu): France (a country located primarily in Western Europe)


アメリカ領サモア

^アメリカ-りょう ^サモア

アメリカ領サモア (canonical)
Amerika-ryō Samoa (romanization)

American Samoa (an overseas territory of the United States in Oceania)


米領サモア

^べい-りょう ^サモア

米領サモア (canonical)
Bei-ryō Samoa (romanization)


セントビンセント及びグレナディーン諸島

^セント ^ビンセント および ^グレナディーン ^しょとう

セントビンセント及(およ)びグレナディーン諸(しょ)島(とう) • (Sento Binsento oyobi Gurenadīn Shotō)

セントビンセント及びグレナディーン諸島 (canonical)
Sento Binsento oyobi Gurenadīn Shotō (romanization)

[sẽ̞nto̞ bʲĩɰ̃sẽ̞nto̞ o̞jo̞bʲi ɡɯ̟ɾe̞na̠dʲiːɰ̃ ɕo̞to̞ː]

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines#English

(formal name) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)

ja:セントビンセント及びグレナディーン諸島


ヌルスルタン

[nɯ̟ɾɯ̟sɨɾɯ̟tã̠ɴ]

Nur-Sultan (former name of Astana, the capital city of Kazakhstan).


笠置

Kasagi (a town in Sōraku district, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)


永安

永安 (canonical)
Eian (romanization)
えいあん (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 永安 (Yǒng'ān).

obor

Yong'an (a county-level city of Sanming, Fujian, China)


永安

Alternative form of 永安 (“Yong'an (a county-level city of Sanming, Fujian, China)”)


留辺蘂

留辺蘂 (canonical)
Rubeshibe (romanization)

Rubeshibe (a former town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


留寿都

From Ainu ル スト゚ (ru sutu), meaning "road at the foot of the mountain".

Rusutsu (a village in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


チャペル

[t͡ɕa̠pe̞ɾɯ̟]


粤東

粤東 (canonical)
Ettō (romanization)
Wetutou (romanization)
ゑつとう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 粵東 (MC hjwot tuwng).

『粤東俗字便蒙解』

俗字便蒙解 ぞくじべんもうかい

Handbook of Canton Vernacular Characters (Meiji-era rudimentary guidebook of vernacular Cantonese phrases)

(literary, obsolete) eastern Guangdong (a region of Guangdong, China); or Guangdong (a province of China)


墺国

オーストリア オーストリア#Japanese

obsolete spelling of オーストリア (Ōsutoria) (= Austria), a country in Central Europe


赤穂

a town in Kamiina district, Nagano Prefecture, Japan


赤穂

赤穂 (canonical)
Akō (romanization)
Akafo (romanization)
あかほ (hiragana historical)

赤穂浪士

a town in Akō district, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan


新木場

[ɕĩŋʲkʲiba̠]

Shin-Kiba (an area of Kōtō ward, Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


浦賀

Uraga (a region of Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan), known for being a landing spot of the Westerners' kurofune


五島列島

ja-pos

五(ご)島(とう)列(れっ)島(とう) • (Gotō Rettō) ^(←ごたうれったう (Gotau Rettau)?)

五島列島 (canonical)
Gotō Rettō (romanization)
Gotau Rettau (romanization)
ごたうれったう (hiragana historical)

Gotō Islands (an archipelago in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)


上五島

a town in Minamimatsuura district, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan


足柄

a mountain in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan

a pass in Kanagawa Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan

(historical) a village in Ashigarashimo district, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan

(historical) a town in Ashigarashimo district, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan

a metro station in Odawara, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan


足柄上

足柄上 (canonical)
Ashigarakami (romanization)

a district of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan


足柄下

足柄下 (canonical)
Ashigarashimo (romanization)


西表

From Okinawan 西表 (Iriumuti, literally “West Front”).

bor

西表島

Iriomote (an island in Yaeyama, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


羅南

羅南 (canonical)
Ranan (romanization)
羅南 (canonical)
Ranamu (romanization)
羅南 (canonical)
Nanamu (romanization)

Ranam (a district of Chongjin, North Hamgyong Province, North Korea)


豊見城

豊見城 (canonical)
Tomigusuku (romanization)

Tomigusuku (a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


岩見沢

岩見沢 (canonical)
Iwamizawa (romanization)

Iwamizawa (a city in Sorachi subprefecture, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


芦別

Borrowed from Ainu アㇱペッ (“aspet”), made of Ainu アㇱ (as, “shrub”) + Ainu ペッ (pet, “river”).

Ashibetsu (a city in Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


南幌

南 (“south”) + Ainu ポロ (“big”). See also 札幌 (Sapporo).

Nanporo (a town in Sorachi district, Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


奈井江

Most likely from Ainu ナイ (nay) ("a river")

Naie (a town in Sorachi district, Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


由仁

Yuni (a town in Yūbari district, Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


樺戸

Ainu カパト (kapato, “East Asian yellow water-lily”)

Kabato (a district of Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


浦臼

According to one theory, from Ainu ウライ ウㇱ ナイ (uray us nay), meaning "river of many fish traps".

Urausu (a town in Kabato district, Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


米世幹

obsolete spelling of ミシガン (Mishigan) (= Michigan), a state of the United States


徳過瑟斯

徳過瑟斯 (canonical)
Tekisasu (romanization)

obsolete spelling of テキサス (Tekisasu) (= Texas), a state of the United States


典捏西

obsolete spelling of テネシー (Teneshī) (= Tennessee), a state of the United States


剛色斯

obsolete spelling of カンザス (Kanzasu) (= Kansas), a state of the United States


ブ市

ブ市の花卉園芸と商業智識

1927, 高市紫明, “ブ市の花卉園藝と商業智識”, in 在亜農業研究会, editor, 亜国之農業, page 100:

さらに昨年、米国人俳優のブ市近郊にある自宅に、日本庭園の設計をするなど活動はつづいている。

2010 January 22, “「樹木の救世主」猪又さん＝日本の伝統技術を亜国へ”, in ニッケイ新聞:

ブエノスアイレス ブエノスアイレス#Japanese

(dated) Short for ブエノスアイレス市 (Buenosu Airesu-shi, “Buenos Aires (a city in Argentina)”).


亜国

亜国 (canonical)
Aruzenchin (romanization)

[a̠ɾɯ̟zẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕĩɴ]

アルゼンチン アルゼンチン#Japanese

obsolete spelling of アルゼンチン (Aruzenchin) (= Argentina), a country in South America


ブ州

ブ州にあるセンテージャ牧場

ブエノスアイレス ブエノスアイレス#Japanese

(dated) Short for ブエノスアイレス州 (Buenosu Airesu-shū, “Buenos Aires (a province of Argentina)”).


ツクマン

[t͡sɨkɯ̟mã̠ɴ]

トゥクマン トゥクマン#Japanese

Alternative form of トゥクマン (Tukuman, “Tucumán (a province of Argentina)”)


トゥクマン

[tɯ̟kɯ̟mã̠ɴ]


アギラレス

[a̠ɡʲiɾa̠ɾe̞sɨ]

Aguilares (a city in Tucumán, Argentina)

Aguilares (a city in San Salvador department, El Salvador)


墨其哥

墨其哥 (canonical)
Mekishiko (romanization)

obsolete spelling of メキシコ (Mekishiko) (= Mexico), a country in North America


加里福尼亜

加里福尼亜 (canonical)
Kariforunia (romanization)

[ka̠ɾʲiɸo̞ɾɯ̟ɲ̟ia̠]

カリフォルニア カリフォルニア#Japanese

obsolete spelling of カリフォルニア (Kariforunia) (= California), a state of the United States


ドランゴ

[do̞ɾã̠ŋɡo̞]

ドゥランゴ ドゥランゴ#Japanese

Alternative form of ドゥランゴ (Durango, “Durango (a state of Mexico)”)


ドゥランゴ

[dɯ̟ɾã̠ŋɡo̞]


ポエブラ

(rare) Alternative form of プエブラ (Puebura, “Puebla (a state of Mexico)”)


プエブラ

[pɯ̟e̞bɯ̟ɾa̠]


アグアスカリエンテス

[a̠ɡɯ̟a̠sɨka̠ɾʲiẽ̞nte̞sɨ]


アグワスカリエンテス

[a̠ɡɯ̟β̞a̠sɨka̠ɾʲiẽ̞nte̞sɨ]

アグアスカリエンテス アグアスカリエンテス#Japanese

(rare) Alternative form of アグアスカリエンテス (Aguasukarientesu, “Aguascalientes (a state of Mexico)”)


オハカ

Alternative form of オアハカ (Oahaka, “Oaxaca (a state of Mexico)”)


チヤパス

Alternative form of チアパス (Chiapasu, “Chiapas (a state of Mexico)”)


ベルビュー

[be̞ɾɯ̟bʲɨː]

Bellevue (a city in Washington, United States)


エリオット湾

エリオット湾 (canonical)
Eriotto-wan (romanization)

[e̞ɾʲio̞t̚to̞β̞ã̠ɴ]

Elliott Bay (a bay of Washington, United States)


奥殿

obsolete spelling of オグデン (Oguden) (= Ogden), a city in Utah, United States


ソートレーキ市

ソートレーキ市 (canonical)
Sōto Rēki-shi (romanization)

(obsolete) Salt Lake City (a city, the state capital of Utah, United States)


ソートレーキ

ja-pos

ソートレーキ • (Sōto Rēki)

(obsolete, only in compounds, attributive) Salt Lake: Salt Lake City (a city in Utah, United States)


サンオン

1930 June 2, “水探し 農業家への大福音”, in 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], number 10989, page 4:

加州サンオン

1939 January 1, 新世界朝日新聞 [New World Sun], number 1264, page 35:

サンオン 和田 仁市

San Juan Bautista
San Juan Bautista#English

(obsolete) San Juan Bautista (a city in California, United States)


山中部

[sã̠ɲ̟t͡ɕɨːbɯ̟]

Intermountain Region
Intermountain Region#English

(obsolete) Intermountain Region (a region of the United States)


格州

格(かく)州(しゅう) • (Kakushū) ^(←かくしう (Kakusiu)?)

格州 (canonical)
Kakushū (romanization)
Kakusiu (romanization)
かくしう (hiragana historical)

格州時事

(obsolete) Colorado (a state of the United States)


伝馬

伝馬(デンバー) • (Denbā)

傳馬新報

obsolete spelling of デンバー (Denbā) (= Denver), a city in Colorado, United States


南加

Southern California
w:Southern California

Southern California (a region of California, United States)


北加

Northern California
w:Northern California

Northern California (a region of California, United States)


羅港

羅港 (canonical)
Rakō (romanization)
Rakau (romanization)
らかう (hiragana historical)

Port of Los Angeles
w:Port of Los Angeles

(obsolete) Port of Los Angeles (a port in Los Angeles, California, United States)


フレスノ

[ɸɯ̟ɾe̞sɨno̞]

(dated) Fresno (a city in Fresno, California, United States)

(dated) Fresno (a county of California, United States)


オクスナード

(dated) Oxnard (a city in California, United States)


沙港

1932 July 15, “加納氏の來羅を機とし 南加同胞の柔道大會”, in 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], number 11729, page 5:

七月廿四日沙港着直に飛行機に乘つて

shichigatsu nijūyokka Sakō-chaku tadachi ni hikōki ni notte

(obsolete) Seattle (a city in Washington, United States)


沙港

沙港(シヤトル) or 沙港(シアトル) • (Shiyatoru or Shiatoru)

沙港 (canonical)
沙港 (canonical)
Shiyatoru (romanization)
Shiatoru (romanization)

obsolete spelling of シヤトル (Shiyatoru) and シアトル (Shiatoru) (= Seattle), a city in Washington, United States


アストリヤ

(obsolete) Astoria (a city in Oregon, United States)


沙都

沙都(シヤトル) or 沙都(シアトル) • (Shiyatoru or Shiatoru)

沙都 (canonical)
沙都 (canonical)
Shiyatoru (romanization)
Shiatoru (romanization)

1902, “第2章 海外移民の状況”, in 海外出稼案内:

桑港及び沙都の両地

San Furanshisuko oyobi Shiatoru no ryōchi

在沙都日本人

1910 February 15, “初對面錄”, in 日布時事 [The Nippu Jiji], page 1:

仝じく沙都の領事の田中都吉君

onajiku Shiyatoru no ryōji no Tanaka Tokichi-kun


晩市

晩市にありて

バンクーバー バンクーバー#Japanese

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

(obsolete) Short for バンクーバー市 (Bankūbā-shi, “Vancouver (a city in British Columbia, Canada)”).


砵市

砵 (orthographic borrowing from Cantonese 砵崙／砵仑 (but3 leon4)) + 市 (“city”).

compound

砵市コーチ街三〇四

砵市第四街七十四番半

1920 May 27, 央州日報 [The Oregon News], page 2:

ポートランド ポートランド#Japanese

(obsolete) Short for ポートランド市 (Pōtorando-shi, “Portland (a city in Oregon, United States)”).


ベ市

ベーカスフィルド ベーカスフィルド#Japanese

(obsolete) Short for ベーカスフィルド市 (Bēkasufirudo-shi, “Bakersfield (a city in California, United States)”).

ベーカスフィルド市

ベルビュー ベルビュー#Japanese

(obsolete) Short for ベルビュー市 (Berubyū-shi, “Bellevue (a city in Washington, United States)”).


布市

(obsolete) Short for フレスノ市 (“Fresno (a city in California, United States)”).


八道

ja-pos

八(はち)道(どう) • (Hachidō) ^(←はちだう (Fatidau)?)

八道 (canonical)
Hachidō (romanization)
Fatidau (romanization)
はちだう (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 팔도(八道) (Paldo).

obor

Meronyms: 江原道, 京畿道, 慶尚道, 全羅道, 忠清道, 平安道, 咸鏡道, 黃海道

鶏林八道

the (historical) Eight Provinces of Korea


中加

Central California (a region of California, United States)


河下

(obsolete) Walnut Grove (a city in California, United States)

en:Walnut Grove Japanese-American Historic District


南央

南央 (canonical)
Nan'ō (romanization)
Nan'au (romanization)
なんあう (hiragana historical)

(obsolete) southern Oregon (a region of Oregon, United States)


サクラメント平原

サクラメント平原 (canonical)
Sakuramento Heigen (romanization)

[sa̠kɯ̟ɾa̠mẽ̞nto̞ he̞ːɡẽ̞ɴ]

Sacramento Valley
Sacramento Valley#English

(dated) Sacramento Valley (a valley in California, United States)


桜面都平原

ja-pos

桜面都平原(サクラメントへいげん) • (Sakuramento Heigen)

桜面都平原 (canonical)
Sakuramento Heigen (romanization)

[sa̠kɯ̟ɾa̠mẽ̞nto̞ he̞ːɡẽ̞ɴ]

サクラメント平原 サクラメント平原#Japanese

obsolete spelling of サクラメント平原 (= Sacramento Valley), a valley in California, United States


サクラメント川

サクラメント川 (canonical)
Sakuramento-gawa (romanization)

[sa̠kɯ̟ɾa̠mẽ̞nto̞ɡa̠β̞a̠]

Sacramento River
Sacramento River#English

Sacramento River (a river in California, United States)


桜面都川

桜面都川 (canonical)
Sakuramento-gawa (romanization)

[sa̠kɯ̟ɾa̠mẽ̞nto̞ɡa̠β̞a̠]

サクラメント川 サクラメント川#Japanese

obsolete spelling of the サクラメント川 (= Sacramento River), a river in California, United States


須市

スタクトン スタクトン#Japanese

(obsolete) Short for スタクトン市 (“Stockton (a city in California, United States)”).


スタクトン

[sɨta̠kɯ̟tõ̞ɴ]

(dated) Stockton (a city in California, United States)


ストックトン

[sɨto̞k̚kɯ̟tõ̞ɴ]


ビーシー州

ビーシー州(しゅう) • (Bī-shī-shū)

ビーシー州 (canonical)
Bī-shī-shū (romanization)

[bʲiːɕiːɕɨː]

(dated) BC, British Columbia (a province of Canada)


比律賓諸島

比律賓諸島(フィリピンしょとう) • (Firipin Shotō)

比律賓諸島 (canonical)
Firipin Shotō (romanization)

[ɸʲiɾʲipʲiɰ̃ ɕo̞to̞ː]

フィリピン諸島 フィリピン諸島#Japanese

Philippine Islands
Philippine Islands#English

obsolete spelling of フィリピン諸島 (Firipin Shotō) (= Philippine Islands), islands of the Philippines


比島

比島 (canonical)
Hitō (romanization)
Fitau (romanization)
ひたう (hiragana historical)

フィリピン諸島 フィリピン諸島#Japanese

(obsolete) Short for フィリピン諸島 (Firipin Shotō, “Philippine Islands (islands of the Philippines)”).


フィリピン諸島

フィリピン諸島 (canonical)
Firipin Shotō (romanization)

[ɸʲiɾʲipʲiɰ̃ ɕo̞to̞ː]

Philippine Islands (islands of the Philippines)


佐市

(obsolete) Short for サンノゼ市 (“San Jose (a city in California, United States)”).


アラメダ

Alameda (a city in Alameda, California, United States)

Alameda (a county of California, United States)


満座那

obsolete spelling of マンザナ (= Manzanar), an internment camp in California, United States


鶴嶺湖

鶴嶺湖(ツールレーキ) • (Tsūru Rēki)

鶴嶺湖 (canonical)
Tsūru Rēki (romanization)

[t͡sɨːɾɯ̟ɾe̞ːkʲi]

ツールレーキ ツールレーキ#Japanese

obsolete spelling of ツールレーキ (= Tule Lake), an internment camp in California, United States


鶴湖

鶴湖(ツールレーキ) • (Tsūru Rēki)

鶴湖 (canonical)
Tsūru Rēki (romanization)

[t͡sɨːɾɯ̟ ɾe̞ːkʲi]

ツールレーキ ツールレーキ#Japanese


墨都

墨都 (canonical)
Bokuto (romanization)
ぼくと (hiragana historical)

(obsolete) Mexico City (the capital city of Mexico)


舎路

舎路(シヤトル) or 舎路(シアトル) • (Shiyatoru or Shiatoru)

舎路 (canonical)
舎路 (canonical)
Shiyatoru (romanization)
Shiatoru (romanization)

Orthographic borrowing from Cantonese 舍路 (se3 lou6).

(exceedingly rare) obsolete spelling of シヤトル (Shiyatoru) and シアトル (Shiatoru) (= Seattle), a city in Washington, United States


オーバン

オーバン • (Ōban)

(obsolete) Auburn (a city in Washington, United States)


ケント

Kent (a city in Washington, United States)


ヤキマ

Yakima (a city in Washington, United States)


サムナー

Sumner (a city in Washington, United States)


アルカイ

1935 January 31, レニヤ吟社 [Rainier Haiku Society], 大北日報 [The Great Northern Daily News], page 2:

アルカイの燈臺の灯や屋根の雪

Alki (an area of Washington, United States)


レニヤ山

レニヤ山 (canonical)
Reniya-san (romanization)

[ɾe̞ɲ̟ija̠sã̠ɴ]

1925, Yoshida Hiroshi 吉田博, Reniya-san レニヤ山 https://www.yamada-shoten.com/onlinestore/detail.php?item_id=45435 https://www.facebook.com/moamuseum/photos/2312466432189377/

1972, Yoshida Tōshi 吉田遠志, Fuyu no Reniya-san 冬のレニヤ山 http://portlandartmuseum.us/mwebcgi/mweb.exe?request=record;id=56750;type=101

(dated) Mount Rainier (a mountain in Washington, United States)


メドフォード

Medford (a city in Oregon, United States)


パナマ運河

[pa̠na̠ma̠ ɯ̟̃ŋɡa̠]


スエズ運河

スエズ運河 (canonical)
Suezu Unga (romanization)

[sɨe̞zɨ ɯ̟̃ŋɡa̠]


愛州

愛州 (canonical)
Aishū (romanization)
Aisiu (romanization)
あいしう (hiragana historical)

(obsolete) Idaho (a state of the United States)


散港

散港 (canonical)
Sankō (romanization)
Sankau (romanization)
さんかう (hiragana historical)

(obsolete) San Pedro (a community in Los Angeles, California, United States)


画村

画村 (canonical)
Gason (romanization)
Gwason (romanization)
ぐわそん (hiragana historical)

(obsolete) Guadalupe (a city in California, United States)


ガダループ

[ɡa̠da̠ɾɯ̟ːpɯ̟]

(dated) Guadalupe (a city in California, United States)


グアダルーペ

[ɡɯ̟a̠da̠ɾɯ̟ːpe̞]


桑湾

桑湾 (canonical)
Sōwan (romanization)
Sauwan (romanization)
さうわん (hiragana historical)

San Francisco Bay
San Francisco Bay#English

(obsolete) San Francisco Bay (a bay of San Francisco, California, United States)


サンデーゴ

(dated) San Diego (a city in California, United States)


讃港

讃港 (canonical)
Sankō (romanization)
Sankau (romanization)
さんかう (hiragana historical)

(obsolete) San Diego (a city in California, United States)


サンピードロ

(dated) San Pedro (a community in Los Angeles, California, United States)


巴市

巴市 (canonical)
Ha-shi (romanization)
Fasi (romanization)
はし (hiragana historical)

(obsolete) Short for パサデナ市 (Pasadena-shi, “Pasadena (a city in California, United States)”).


スメルザ

(obsolete) Smeltzer (an area of Orange County, California, United States)


サンタアナ

Santa Ana (a city in Orange County, California, United States)


サリナス

Salinas (a city in California, United States)


プラサ

(obsolete) Placer County (a county of California, United States)


ペンリン

census-designated place
census-designated place

Penryn (a census-designated place in Placer County, California, United States)


サンフランシスコ湾

^サン ^フランシスコ-わん

サンフランシスコ湾 (canonical)
San Furanshisuko-wan (romanization)

[sa̠ɰ̃ ɸɯ̟ɾã̠ɰ̃ɕisɨko̞β̞ã̠ɴ]


金門湾

金(きん)門(もん)湾(わん) • (Kinmonwan) ^(←きんもんわん (Kinmon'wan)?)

金門湾 (canonical)
Kinmonwan (romanization)
Kinmon'wan (romanization)
きんもんわん (hiragana historical)

[kʲĩmːõ̞ɰ̃β̞ã̠ɴ]

"Golden Gate Bay", in reference to the Golden Gate Bridge.

1936 July 7, 新世界朝日新聞 [New World Sun], page 8:

Independence Day holiday is gone. Soon, we shall see the Japanese Naval training ships in the San Francisco bay.

獨立祭もすみました。すぐ練習艦隊が桑港の金門灣内へはいつて參ります。

練習艦隊 れんしふかんたい

Dokuritsusai mo sumimashita. Sugu renshū kantai ga Sōkō no Kinmonwan-nai e haitte mairimasu.


ギルロイ

[ɡʲiɾɯ̟ɾo̞i]

Gilroy (a city in California, United States)


六郷

六(ろく)郷(ごう) • (Rokugō) ^(←ろくがう (Rokugau)?)

六郷 (canonical)
Rokugō (romanization)
Rokugau (romanization)
ろくがう (hiragana historical)

(historical) Rokugō (a town in Senboku district, Akita Prefecture)

(historical) Rokugō (a town in Nishiyatsushiro district, Yamanashi Prefecture)

(historical) Rokugō (a town in Ebara district, Tokyo prefecture)


原州

[β̞õ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨ]


原州

原(げん)州(しゅう) • (Genshū) ^(←げんしう (Gensiu)?)

原州 (canonical)
Genshū (romanization)
Gensiu (romanization)
げんしう (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 원주(原州) (wonju).


飛鳥浄御原宮

ja-pos

^あすか の ^きよみはら の ^みや

飛鳥(あすかの)浄(きよ)御(み)原(はらの)宮(みや) • (Asuka no Kiyomihara no Miya)

飛鳥浄御原宮 (canonical)
Asuka no Kiyomihara no Miya (romanization)

(history) the late-7th-century palace of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jitō, now in the village of Asuka, Nara Prefecture, Japan


バッキンガムシャー

South East England
South East England#English

Buckinghamshire (a county of South East England, England, United Kingdom)

ja:バッキンガムシャー


土場

石山 […] 埼玉県吉川市土場(ドジョウ) 158番2号

Ishiyama […] Saitama-ken Yoshikawa-shi Dojō (Dojō) ichigohachi-ban ni-gō

Ishiyama, Saitama prefecture, Yoshikawa city, Dojō #158-2

2017, “Otona mo tanoshī kōjō kengaku [Workshop tours that adults can also enjoy]”, in Hanako Family, page 34:

a district of Yoshikawa city, Saitama Prefecture


上州

上(じょう)州(しゅう) • (Jōshū)

Compound of 上 (Clipping of 上野 (“Kōzuke Province”)) + 州 (shū, “province”)

com+

Clipping of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">上野</i> (“Kōzuke Province”)

(historical) Short for 上野国 (Kōzuke no kuni, “Kōzuke Province, a feudal province of Japan”).

上野国

(by extension, poetic) Gunma (a prefecture of Japan)


中信

central Nagano (a region of Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


北信

northern Nagano (a region of Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


東信

eastern Nagano (a region of Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


南信

southern Nagano (a region of Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


南九州

南九州 (canonical)
Minami Kyūshū (romanization)

ja:南九州 ja:南九州市

[mʲina̠mʲi kʲɨːɕɨː]

Minami Kyūshū (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, Japan)


グンタマ

グンタマ (canonical)
ぐんたま (canonical)
Guntama (romanization)

2013, Kato Miaki, Teddy go! Are you Teddy?, volume 2, page iii:

その上ここは埼玉。「ダさいたま」「ぐんたまちばらき」等々の蔑称もある首都圏・一都三県のいじめられ子。

Sono ue koko wa Saitama. “Dasaitama” “Guntama-Chibaraki” tōtō no besshō mo aru shutoken itto-sanken no ijimerare ko.

Furthermore, this is Saitama. The bullied child of the Tokyo metro region is given such derogatory nicknames as “Dasaitama” or “Guntama-Chibaraki”.

2015 March 17, Hatsuki Izayoi [username], “Ima demo Chibaraki toka Guntama toka iu hito wa irun deshō ka [Are there still people who say things like ‘Chibaraki’ and ‘Guntama’?]”, in Yahoo! Chiebukuro, archived from the original on 2021-10-31:

“Chiba has Disneyland and Narita airport, so Chiba is urban. But Saitama is just like Gunma,” so Saitama is called “Guntama”.

「千葉にはディズニーランドも成田空港もあるから千葉の方が都会。埼玉なんて群馬と同じようなもの」という意味で埼玉のことを「グンタマ」と言います。

“Chiba ni wa Dizunīrando mo Narita kūkō mo aru kara Chiba no hō ga tokai. Saitama nante Gunma to onaji yō na mono” to iu imi de Saitama no koto o “Guntama” to iimasu.

おしゃれな街（横浜、鎌倉）や湘南エリアを擁し一目置かれる神奈川は「別格」として、東京から「グンタマ－チバラキ」（群馬・埼玉－千葉・茨城）と一くくりにされる他の関東4県に異論のあるはずもない。

Oshare na machi (Yokohama, Kamakura) ya Shōnan eria o yō shi ichimoku okareru Kanagawa wa “bekkaku” to shite, Tōkyō kara “Guntama－Chibaraki” (Gunma Saitama － Chiba Ibaraki) to ichi kukuri ni sareru hoka no Kantō yon-ken ni iron no aru hazu mo nai.

(informal, derogatory, sometimes humorous) the geographic region encompassing Gunma Prefecture and Saitama Prefecture


一都三県

一都三県 (canonical)
Itto sanken (romanization)

[it̚to̞sã̠ŋkẽ̞ɴ]

Of 一(いち) (ichi) + 都(と) (to) + 三(さん) (san) + 県(けん) (ken), literally “one to [and] three ken”, in reference to Tokyo (東京都(とうきょうと) (Tōkyō to)), Kanagawa, Chiba, and Saitama (県(けん) (ken)) prefectures.

ja-r

東京都(とうきょうと) (Tōkyō to)

1977, Asahi Shimbun, Keizai taikoku no jirenma [Dilemma of economic super powers], volume 3, page 6:

According to Tokyo, Chiba, Saitama, and Kanagawa metropolitan officials, “Subsidence from the mouth of the Arakawa river to northern Kanto is the result of accumulated groundwater seepage over hundreds of years”

東京・千葉・埼玉・神奈川の一都三県が「地盤沈下は荒川河口から北関東にかけ、数百年間にたまった地下水くみ上げ […] 」

Tōkyō Chiba Saitama Kanagawa no Itto sanken ga “jibanchinka wa Arakawa kakō kara kita Kantō ni kake, sūhyaku nenkan ni tamatta chikasui kumi age […] ”

2018 April 17, Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry, “Itto sanken ichi-shi ni okeru jisedai jidōsha sangyō bunya no renkei shien keikaku [Concerning support for coordinating an Itto sanken single market next generation automobile industry program]”, in Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (PDF), archived from the original on 2021-11-02:

1. Business field to be supported: Metropolitan area single market next-generation automobile industry

①支援対象とする事業分野：1都3県1市における次世代自動車産業分野

Ichi Shien taishō to suru jigyō bun'ya: Itto sanken isshi ni okeru jisedai jidōsha sangyō bun'ya

2020 May 1, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, “Inochi no mamoru STAY HOME shūkan [Stay Home week to save lives]”, in Kanagawa Prefecture, archived from the original on 2021-10-21:

Good afternoon. With the entire metropolitan region under a sense of crisis, April 25 to May 6 is being jointly declared the “Stay Home to Protect Lives week” campaign.

こんにちは。一都三県は同じ危機意識の下、4月25日から5月6日まで、「いのちを守るSTAY HOME週間」として、共同キャンペーンを行っています。

Konnichi wa. Itto sanken wa onaji kiki ishiki no shita, shigatsu nijūgonichi kara gogatsu muika made, “inochi o mamoru Sutē Hōmu shūkan” to shite, kyōdō kyanpēn o okonatteimasu.

2021 February 2, “Itto sanken kyōdō jōmyō ni tsuite [Regarding the metropolitan area joint declaration]”, in Chiba Prefecture, archived from the original on 2021-11-02:

Following the extension of the state of emergency on Tuesday February 2, Reiwa 3 [2021], the governors of Saitama, Chiba, Tokyo, and Kanagawa metropolitan area prefectures released the following joint statement.

緊急事態宣言が延長されたことを受け、令和 3年 2月 2日（火曜日）に、埼玉県、千葉県、東京都、神奈川県の一都三県知事は連名で共同声明を発表いたしました。

Kinkyū jitai sengen ga enchō sareta koto o uke, Reiwa san-nen nigatsu futsuka (kayōbi) ni, Saitama-ken, Chiba-ken, Tōkyō-to, Kanagawa-ken no Itto sanken chiji wa renmei de kyōdō seimei o happyō itashimashita.

the Tokyo metropolitan region; the area surrounding and including the capital of Japan in Eastern Tokyo


クェゼリン環礁

クェゼリン環礁 (canonical)
Kwezerin Kanshō (romanization)

[kᵝe̞ze̞ɾʲiŋ kã̠ɰ̃ɕo̞ː]

Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands#English

Kwajalein Atoll (an atoll in the Marshall Islands)


比律悉

比律悉 (canonical)
Buryusseru (romanization)

[bɯ̟ɾʲɨsːe̞ɾɯ̟]

ブリュッセル ブリュッセル#Japanese

obsolete spelling of ブリュッセル (= Brussels), the capital city of Belgium


ナイル川

ナイル川 (canonical)
Nairu-gawa (romanization)

[na̠iɾɯ̟ɡa̠β̞a̠]


ダバオ

From English Davao, from Spanish Dávao, from Giangan Dawaw.

沖縄県人会ダバオ在留民の過半数は沖縄県人で占め、その特殊な習慣によつて相互の親善関係が強く、会長には終始上原仁太郎氏を推してよく統一され、ダバオでは日本人会に次ぐ有力団体であつた。その他の団体、広島県人は沖縄県人に次ぎダバオ在留民の多数 ...

1956, Gizō Furukawa, Dabao kaitaku ki, page 390:


カリナン

[ka̠ɾʲinã̠ɴ]

大川:カリナンはそうとうな爆撃にあったところですから、どうなっているかわかりません。質問:カリナンの事務所はどこにあったんですか。大川:カリナン小学校の近くでした。質問: 2 人ともカリナンに移ったのですか。大川:そうです。

1994, 日本のフィリピン占領期に関する史料調査フォーラム, インタヴュー記録日本のフィリピン占領: 日本のフィリピン占領. インタビュー記錄, page 383:

秘密の鍵は幼い頃過ごした熱帯の中にある。出所した柏木は記憶にはない父親の像をたどってミンダナオ島のカリナンに向かった...。ベストセラー小説『プラハの春』の元外交官作家が鋭く問いかける、戦後日本人の「来し方」。

2005, 春江一也, カリナン:

Calinan (a district of Davao City, Philippines)


オデッサ

Odessa (a port city, the administrative center of Odesa Oblast, Ukraine, on the Black Sea)


珍島

ja-pos

珍(ちん)島(とう) • (Chintō) ^(←ちんたう (Tintau)?)

珍島 (canonical)
Chintō (romanization)
Tintau (romanization)
ちんたう (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 진도(珍島) (jindo).

obor

(dated) Jindo (an island in South Korea)


沿ドニエストル

沿ドニエストル (canonical)
En Doniesutoru (romanization)

[e̞n do̞ɲ̟ie̞sɨ̥to̞ɾɯ̟]

Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic

Transnistria (a geographic region and de-facto independent but unrecognized country in Eastern Europe that claims statehood as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic; internationally considered an autonomous territorial unit within Moldova)


七ヶ宿

七ヶ宿 (canonical)
Shichikashuku (romanization)

a town in Katta district, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan


七ヶ浜

七ヶ浜 (canonical)
Shichigahama (romanization)

a town in Miyagi district, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan


五ヶ瀬

a town in Nishiusuki district, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan


保土ケ谷

保土ケ谷 (canonical)
Hodogaya (romanization)

(history) a town in Tachibana district, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan

a ward of Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan

a railway station in Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan


六ヶ所

a village in Kamikita district, Aomori Prefecture, Japan


吉野ヶ里

吉野ヶ里 (canonical)
Yoshinogari (romanization)

a town in Kanzaki district, Saga Prefecture, Japan


外ヶ浜

外ヶ浜 (canonical)
Sotogahama (romanization)

a town in Higashitsugaru district, Aomori Prefecture, Japan


袖ケ浦

袖ケ浦 (canonical)
Sodegaura (romanization)


金ケ崎

金ケ崎 (canonical)
Kanegasaki (romanization)

a town in Isawa district, Iwate Prefecture, Japan

a railway station in Kanegasaki, Isawa district, Iwate Prefecture, Japan


鰺ヶ沢

鰺ヶ沢 (canonical)
Ajigasawa (romanization)

a town in Nishitsugaru district, Aomori Prefecture, Japan


鶴ヶ島

鶴ヶ島 (canonical)
Tsurugashima (romanization)


龍ケ崎

龍ケ崎 (canonical)
Ryūgasaki (romanization)


橘樹

a district of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan


喜屋武

a cape in Itoman, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan


アジアーゴ

ja-pos

アジアーゴ • (Ajiāgo)


彩帆

Northern Mariana Islands
Northern Mariana Islands#English

obsolete spelling of サイパン (= Saipan), an island, the capital of the Northern Mariana Islands


サイパン

Saipan (an island, the capital of the Northern Mariana Islands), once part of the Empire of Japan


ガダルカナル島

ガダルカナル島(とう) • (Gadarukanaru-tō) ^(←ガダルカナルたう (Gadarukanarutau)?)

ガダルカナル島 (canonical)
Gadarukanaru-tō (romanization)
Gadarukanarutau (romanization)
ガダルカナルたう (historical katakana)

[ɡa̠da̠ɾɯ̟ka̠na̠ɾɯ̟to̞ː]

Guadalcanal (an island in the Solomon Islands), once occupied by the Japanese during WWII


伊南

ja:伊南川
ja:伊南村 (福島県)

a village in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan


セヴァストポリ

From Ukrainian Севасто́поль (Sevastópolʹ) and Russian Севасто́поль (Sevastópolʹ).

borrowed

Севасто́поль

Севасто́поль

Sevastopol (a port city in Crimea, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine but de facto in Russia)


ハルキウ

[ha̠ɾɯ̟kʲiɯ̟]

(less common) Kharkiv, Kharkov (a city in Ukraine)

(less common) Kharkiv, Kharkov (an oblast in eastern Ukraine).


ハリコフ

[ha̠ɾʲiko̞ɸɯ̟]


サハラ・アラブ民主共和国

ja-pos

サハラ アラブ みんしゅ きょうわこく

サハラ・アラブ民(みん)主(しゅ)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Sahara Arabu Minshu Kyōwakoku)

サハラ・アラブ民主共和国 (canonical)
Sahara Arabu Minshu Kyōwakoku (romanization)

サハラ (“Sahara”) + アラブ (“Arab”) + 民主共和国 (“democratic republic”)

af

さはらあらぶみんしゅきょうわこく

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic#English

the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (a country in Africa)

ja:サハラ・アラブ民主共和国


パレンバン

[pa̠ɾẽ̞mbã̠ɴ]

Palembang (a city in South Sumatra, Indonesia)


樹杞林

ja-pos

樹(じゅ)杞(き)林(りん) • (Jukirin) ^(←じゆきりん (Zyukirin)?)

樹杞林 (canonical)
Jukirin (romanization)
Zyukirin (romanization)
じゆきりん (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑɨkʲiɾʲĩɴ]

(historical) Jukirin (a town in Taiwan; modern Zhudong)


マライシア

マレーシア マレーシア#Japanese

(obsolete) Alternative form of マレーシア (Marēsia, “Malaysia (a country in Southeast Asia)”)


涯月

Aewol (a town in Jeju, Jeju Province, South Korea)


涯月

涯(がい)月(げつ) • (Gaigetsu) ^(←がいげつ (Gaigetu)?)

涯月 (canonical)
Gaigetsu (romanization)
Gaigetu (romanization)
がいげつ (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 애월(涯月) (Aewol).

obor

(dated) Aewol (a town in Jeju, Jeju Province, South Korea)


蘭貢

ja-pos

蘭貢(ラングーン) • (Rangūn)

[ɾã̠ŋɡɯ̟̃ːɴ]

ラングーン ラングーン#Japanese

obsolete spelling of ラングーン (Rangūn) (= Rangoon), former name of Yangon, the capital of Myanmar


ラングーン

ラングーン • (Rangūn)

[ɾã̠ŋɡɯ̟̃ːɴ]


関東州

関(かん)東(とう)州(しゅう) • (Kantōshū) ^(←くわんとうしう (Kwantousiu)?)

関東州 (canonical)
Kantōshū (romanization)
Kwantousiu (romanization)
くわんとうしう (hiragana historical)

[kã̠nto̞ːɕɨː]

Kwantung Leased Territory
w:Kwantung Leased Territory

(historical) Kwantung Leased Territory (a concession in China)


マリウポリ

[ma̠ɾʲiɯ̟po̞ɾʲi]

Borrowed from Ukrainian Маріу́поль (Mariúpolʹ).

bor+

Mariupol (a city in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine)


早稲田

From 早稲 (wase, wasa-) + 田 (ta, “field; paddy”). The form wasada uses the combining prefix form of 早稲 (wase), which is wasa-. The ta changes to da as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


ドニプロ

[do̞ɲ̟ipɯ̟ɾo̞]

Borrowed from Ukrainian Дніпро́ (Dnipró).


エリコ

Jericho (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


ゴールウェイ

ja-pos

ゴールウェイ • (Gōruwei)


カーロー

カーロー • (Kārō)


ダン・レアリー゠ラスダウン

[da̠n̺ ɾe̞a̠ɾʲiːɾa̠sɨda̠ɯ̟̃ɴ]

Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown
Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown#English

Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown (a county of Ireland)


ケリー

ケリー • (Kerī)

a village and community in Powys, Wales, originally in Montgomeryshire (OS grid ref SO1489)


キラーニー

キラーニー • (Kirānī)


リーシュ

リーシュ • (Rīshu)


ラウス

a market town and civil parish with a town council in East Lindsey district, Lincolnshire, England (OS grid ref TF3287).


メイヨー

メイヨー • (Meiyō)

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English

a townland in County Down, Northern Ireland.

a municipality of Papineau Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada.

Lafayette County
Lafayette County#English

a town, the county seat of Lafayette County, Florida, United States.

unincorporated community
unincorporated community

an unincorporated community in Mercer County, Kentucky, United States.

Anne Arundel County
Anne Arundel County#English

a census-designated place in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States.

Spartanburg County
Spartanburg County#English

a census-designated place in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States.


ミース

ミース • (Mīsu)


オファリー

オファリー • (Ofarī)


ウォーターフォード

ウォーターフォード • (Wōtāfōdo)

East Hertfordshire
East Hertfordshire#English

a village in East Hertfordshire district, Hertfordshire, England (OS grid ref TL3114).

a suburb of Logan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Western Australia
Western Australia#English

a community in Digby County, Nova Scotia, Canada.

a community in Norfolk County, Ontario, Canada.

The name of several places in the United States:

a city in Stanislaus County, California.

Stanislaus County
Stanislaus County#English

a town in New London County, Connecticut.

New London County
New London County#English

an unincorporated community in LaPorte County, Indiana.

a town and village in Saratoga County, New York.

an unincorporated community in Knox County, Ohio.

a census-designated place in Washington County, Ohio.

census-designated place
census-designated place

Washington County
Washington County#English

A village split between Providence County, Rhode Island, and Worcester County, Massachusetts.

Providence County
Providence County#English

Worcester County
Worcester County#English

Caledonia County
Caledonia County#English

an unincorporated village in Loudoun County, Virginia.

a town and village in Racine County, Wisconsin.


ウィックロー

ウィックロー • (Wikkurō)


ファーマナ

ファーマナ • (Fāmana)

Fermanagh (a county of Northern Ireland)


アーマー

アーマー • (Āmā)


浦塩斯徳

浦塩斯徳 (canonical)
Urajiosutoku (romanization)

[ɯ̟ɾa̠ʑio̞sɨto̞kɯ̟]

ウラジオストク ウラジオストク#Japanese

obsolete spelling of ウラジオストク (Urajiosutoku) (= Vladivostok), a city in Russia


浦潮斯徳

浦潮斯徳 (canonical)
Urajiosutoku (romanization)

[ɯ̟ɾa̠ʑio̞sɨto̞kɯ̟]

ウラジオストク ウラジオストク#Japanese


古倫比亜

古倫比亜 (canonical)
Koronbia (romanization)

コロンビア コロンビア#Japanese

obsolete spelling of コロンビア (= Colombia), a country in South America


伯西児

[bɯ̟ɾa̠ʑiɾɯ̟]

obsolete spelling of ブラジル (= Brazil), a country in South America


勃爾瓦利

勃爾瓦利 (canonical)
Burugaria (romanization)

[bɯ̟ɾɯ̟ɡa̠ɾʲia̠]

ブルガリア ブルガリア#Japanese

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

obsolete spelling of ブルガリア (= Bulgaria), a country in Southeast Europe


ボルネオ

Borneo (an island shared by Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei)


央玲崑

obsolete spelling of オレゴン (Oregon) (= Oregon), a state of the United States


亜港

亜港 (canonical)
Akō (romanization)
Akau (romanization)
あかう (hiragana historical)

(historical) Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky (a town in Sakhalin Oblast, Russia)


ナシビル

ナッシュビル ナッシュビル#Japanese

(dated) Alternative form of ナッシュビル (“Nashville (a city in Tennessee, United States)”)


メンフィス

[mẽ̞ɰ̃ɸʲi̥sɨ]

Memphis (a city in Shelby, Tennessee, United States)

Memphis (a city in Hall, Texas, United States)


ロスアンゼルス

[ɾo̞sɨ ã̠nd͡ze̞ɾɯ̟sɨ]

ロサンゼルス ロサンゼルス#Japanese

Alternative form of ロサンゼルス (Rosanzerusu, “Los Angeles (a large city in California, United States)”)


黒石

ja:黒石 (曖昧さ回避)
ja:黒石市

(historical) a village in Esashi district, Iwate Prefecture, Japan


尼港

尼港 (canonical)
Nikō (romanization)
Nikau (romanization)
にかう (hiragana historical)

尼港事件

(historical) Nikolayevsk-on-Amur (a town in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia)


西比利亜

西比利亜 (canonical)
Shiberia (romanization)

obsolete spelling of シベリア (Shiberia) (= Siberia), a region of Russia


泥港

泥港 (canonical)
Deikō (romanization)
Deikau (romanization)
でいかう (hiragana historical)

(historical) De-Kastri, de Castries (a settlement in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia)


八ッ場

See 八ッ場ダム on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ʲᵃ

pedia

Yanba (a koaza in Kawarahata, Naganohara, Agatsuma district, Gunma Prefecture, Japan)


コートダジュール

ja-pos

コートダジュール • (Kōto Dajūru)

[ko̞ːto̞ da̠ʑɨːɾɯ̟]

ja:コート・ダジュール


牛荘

牛荘(ニューチャン) • (Nyūchan)

[ɲ̟ɨːt͡ɕã̠ɴ]

Borrowed from English Newchang, from Mandarin 牛莊／牛庄 (Niúzhuāng).

Niuzhuang (a town in Haicheng, Anshan, Liaoning, China)


アントワープ

[ã̠nto̞β̞a̠ːpɯ̟]

Antwerp (a province of Flanders, Belgium, the most populous)

Antwerp (a large city and municipality, the capital of the province of Antwerp, Belgium; the second-largest city in Belgium)


木曜島

木(もく)曜(よう)島(とう) • (Mokuyōtō) ^(←もくえうたう (Mokueutau)?)

木曜島 (canonical)
Mokuyōtō (romanization)
Mokueutau (romanization)
もくえうたう (hiragana historical)

Torres Strait Islands
Torres Strait Islands#English

Thursday Island (an island in the Torres Strait Islands, Australia)


アレクサンドリア

[a̠ɾe̞kɯ̟sã̠ndo̞ɾʲia̠]

Alexandria (a city and governorate of Egypt)


ウラジオ

ウラジオストク ウラジオストク#Japanese

(obsolete) Short for ウラジオストク (Urajiostoku, “Vladivostok (a city in Russia)”).


浦塩

obsolete spelling of ウラジオ (Urajio) (= Vladivostok), a city in Russia


エフェソス

(historical) Ephesus (an ancient Greek city in Anatolia, near Selçuk in modern İzmir Province, Turkey)


イスタンブル

[isɨtã̠mbɯ̟ɾɯ̟]


シャルドネ

[ɕa̠ɾɯ̟do̞ne̞]

2013 February 18, “Mahō no tsubasa tsuke tori ni naru ekusutorīmu sukīyā-tachi no etsuraku [Extreme skiers enjoy becoming birds with magic wings]”, in Aera Weekly, page 44:

In May 1988, Kikuchi climbed from France’s Argentière glacier to the col (saddle) of Chardonnay, relying on ropes and using ice axes and crampons. Then, he carved a beautiful spur with his skis down the wall-like slope.

８８年５月、フランスのアルジャンティエール氷河からシャルドネのコル（鞍部）へと、ザイルを頼りに、ピッケルとアイゼンを使って菊池さんは登攀していた。すると、壁のような斜面に美しいシュプールが刻まれていた。

Hachijūhachi-nen gogatsu, Furansu no Arujantiēru hyōga kara Sharudone no koru (anbu) e to, zairu o tayori ni, pikkeru to aizen o tsukatte Kikuchi-san wa tōhan shiteita. Suru to, kabe no yō na shamen ni utsukushī shupūru ga kizamareteita.

Chardonnay (a commune of Saône-et-Loire department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)


マケドニア旧ユーゴスラビア共和国

マケドニア きゅう ユーゴスラビア きょうわこく

マケドニア旧(きゅう)ユーゴスラビア共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Makedonia Kyū Yūgosurabia Kyōwakoku)

マケドニア旧ユーゴスラビア共和国 (canonical)
Makedonia Kyū Yūgosurabia Kyōwakoku (romanization)

マケドニア (Makedonia, “Macedonia”) + 旧 (kyū, “former”) + ユーゴスラビア (Yūgosurabia, “Yugoslavia”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

com

former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia#English:_Q221

(historical) former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (former long form of North Macedonia, a country in Southeast Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula; used in diplomatic circles before the 2019 agreement that produced the name North Macedonia due to the naming dispute with Greece over the former name of the country, Macedonia)


チグリス川

チグリス川 (canonical)
Chigurisu-gawa (romanization)

[t͡ɕiɡɯ̟ɾʲisɨɡa̠β̞a̠]


ヌミディア

(historical) Numidia (a historical region and ancient Berber kingdom located in North Africa, initially situated in modern Algeria but later expanding into Tunisia and Libya)

(historical) Numidia (a former province of the Roman Empire, approximately located in modern northeastern Algeria)


ザポリージャ

Zaporizhzhia (the capital city of Ukraine)


与那原

a town in Shimajiri district, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan


檀山

[dã̠nd͡zã̠ɴ]

檀山流

Honolulu (a city, the state capital of Hawaii, United States)


檀山

(obsolete) Alternative spelling of ホノルル (Honoruru, “Honolulu (a city, the state capital of Hawaii, United States)”)


円山

a hill in Chūō-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan


蘇城

ja-pos

蘇城(スーチャン) • (Sūchan)

zh-m

蘇城／苏城 (Sūchéng)

(historical) Partizansk, Suchan (a town in Primorsky Krai, Russia)


バウツェン

Bautzen (a town and rural district of Saxony, Germany)


カサブランカ

[ka̠sa̠bɯ̟ɾã̠ŋka̠]

Casablanca (the capital city of the region of Casablanca-Settat, Morocco)


密陽

South Gyeongsang
South Gyeongsang#English

Miryang (a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)


密陽

ja-pos

密(みつ)陽(よう) • (Mitsuyō) ^(←みつやう (Mituyau)?)

密陽 (canonical)
Mitsuyō (romanization)
Mituyau (romanization)
みつやう (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 밀양(密陽) (miryang).

obor

(dated) Miryang (a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)


ブラジル帝国

ブラジル帝国 (canonical)
Burajiru Teikoku (romanization)

[bɯ̟ɾa̠ʑiɾɯ̟ te̞ːko̞kɯ̟]

Compound of ブラジル (Burajiru, “Brazil”) + 帝国 (teikoku, “empire”).

compound

(historical) the Empire of Brazil (1822–1889)


バタンガス

ja:バタンガス ja:バタンガス州

[ba̠tã̠ŋɡa̠sɨ]

Batangas (a province of the Philippines)

Batangas (the capital city of Batangas, Philippines)


カヴィテ

ja:カヴィテ ja:カヴィテ州


タガイタイ

Tagaytay (a city in Cavite, Philippines)


ビガン

Vigan (a city, the provincial capital of Ilocos Sur, Philippines)


ブラカン

[bɯ̟ɾa̠kã̠ɴ]

Bulakan (a municipality of Bulacan, Philippines)


パンパンガ

[pã̠mpã̠ŋɡa̠]

From Kapampangan Pampanga, from Spanish Pampanga, from Kapampangan pampang (“riverbank”).

Pampanga (a province of the Philippines; capital: San Fernando; largest city: Angeles)


アンヘレス

[ã̠ɰ̃he̞ɾe̞sɨ]

Angeles (the largest city in Pampanga, Philippines)


モンテンルパ

[mõ̞ntẽ̞n̺ɾɯ̟pa̠]

Muntinlupa (an independent city in the Philippines)


ムンティンルパ

[mɯ̟̃ntʲĩn̺ɾɯ̟pa̠]

モンテンルパ モンテンルパ#Japanese

Alternative form of モンテンルパ (“Muntinlupa (an independent city in the Philippines)”)


マンダルヨン

[mã̠nda̠ɾɯ̟jõ̞ɴ]

From Tagalog Mandaluyong, of uncertain origin.

Mandaluyong (an independent city in Metro Manila, Philippines)


バギオ

From Spanish Baguió, from Ibaloi bagiw (“moss”).

Baguio (an independent city in Benguet, Philippines)


イロイロ

Iloilo City (an independent city, the provincial capital of Iloilo, Philippines)


下北沢

下北沢 (canonical)
Shimokitazawa (romanization)

Shimokitazawa (a neighborhood of Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan)


ボゴール

[bo̞ɡo̞ːɾɯ̟]


デンパサール

[dẽ̞mpa̠sa̠ːɾɯ̟]

Denpasar (a city, the provincial capital of Bali, Indonesia)


幕張

Makuhari (a region of Chiba, Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


オークランド

[o̞ːkɯ̟ɾã̠ndo̞]

Oakland (a city in California, United States)


ピッツバーグ

[pʲit̚t͡sɨba̠ːɡɯ̟]

Pittsburgh (a city in Pennsylvania, United States)


ウィンブルドン

[β̞ĩmbɯ̟ɾɯ̟dõ̞ɴ]


ボヘミア

Bohemia (a cultural region in the west of the former Czechoslovakia and present-day Czech Republic)


プファルツ

[pɯ̟ɸa̠ɾɯ̟t͡sɨ]


ハノーファー

ja-pos

ハノーファー • (Hanōfā)


ニュルンベルク

[ɲ̟ɨɾɯ̟̃mbe̞ɾɯ̟kɯ̟]


アラゴン

autonomous community
autonomous community

Aragon (an autonomous community and medieval kingdom in northeastern Spain)


プリンストン

[pɯ̟ɾʲĩɰ̃sɨtõ̞ɴ]

Princeton (a borough of New Jersey, United States)


ハイデルベルク

[ha̠ide̞ɾɯ̟be̞ɾɯ̟kɯ̟]


ロッテルダム

[ɾo̞t̚te̞ɾɯ̟da̠mɯ̟]


カンタベリー

Canterbury (a cathedral city in England)


カムチャッカ

Probably a historical kana orthography-era reform spelling pronunciation of カムチヤツカ.

カムチャツカ カムチャツカ#Japanese

Alternative form of カムチャツカ (Kamuchatsuka):

Kamchatka (a long peninsula forming part of Kamchatka Krai in the Far East of Russia, lying between the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk)

カムチャツカ カムチャツカ#Japanese

Kamchatka (a krai and federal subject of Russia, in the Russian Far East)

カムチャツカ カムチャツカ#Japanese

(with the) Kamchatka (a river in Kamchatka Krai, Russia)


ボホール

[bo̞ho̞ːɾɯ̟]

Bohol (a province of the Philippines; capital: Tagbilaran)


マナウス

Manaus (a municipality, the state capital of Amazonas, Brazil)


ヘルソン

[he̞ɾɯ̟sõ̞ɴ]

Kherson (a raion, a Kherson oblast Ukraine)

Kherson (a port city in Kherson Raion, Kherson Oblast, Ukraine)


熱田

Atsuta (a ward of Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


フランデレン

[ɸɯ̟ɾã̠nde̞ɾẽ̞ɴ]

administrative region
administrative region

Flanders (a historical region and modern administrative region in the north of Belgium, consisting of the Dutch-speaking area of Belgium)

Flanders (a historical county and cultural region of Western Europe, at its maximum covering most of Belgium, parts of northeast France, and a corner of the Netherlands; in full, County of Flanders)


五反田

From 五 (go, “five”) + 反 (tan, a unit of measurement equal to about 1000 square metres, also spelled 段) + 田 (ta, “field”), literally “five-tan field”. The ta changes to da as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Named after the fact that fields in the area used to be divided into plots of five tan.

com

a unit of measurement equal to about 1000 square metres, also spelled <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">段</i>


ブロワ

[bɯ̟ɾo̞β̞a̠]

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire#English

Blois (a commune, city, and the prefecture of Loir-et-Cher department, Centre-Val de Loire, France)


九份

Jiufen (an area of Ruifang district, New Taipei City, Taiwan)


海峡植民地

ja-pos

かいきょう しょくみんち

海(かい)峡(きょう)植(しょく)民(みん)地(ち) • (Kaikyō Shokuminchi)

海峡植民地 (canonical)
Kaikyō Shokuminchi (romanization)

[ka̠ikʲo̞ː ɕo̞kɯ̟mʲĩɲ̟t͡ɕi]

Straits Settlements
Straits Settlements#English:_Q376178

(historical) Straits Settlements (a former British colony in Southeast Asia, existing between 1826–1946 and consisting of modern-day Singapore and Malacca, Penang, and Perak in Malaysia, as well as a few other miscellaneous territories for other periods)


真間

a town in Ichikawa, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.


赤渕

[a̠ka̠ɸɯ̟t͡ɕi]

a region of Seki, Gifu Prefecture, Japan.


赤渕

a station in Omyōjin, Shizukuishi, Iwate district, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.


ペナン島

ペナン島 (canonical)
Penan-tō (romanization)


ホータン

ホータン • (Hōtan)

Hotan (a prefecture, county, and county-level city of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China).


姫川

[çime̞ɡa̠β̞a̠]

Compound of 姫(ひめ) (hime-, “lady; small, little”) + 川(かわ) (kawa, “river”). Literally, “little river”. The kawa changes to gawa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-com

ja:姫川 (曖昧さ回避)

Hime River (a river in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan)

a neighborhood of Echizen, Fukui Prefecture.

a neighborhood of Otobe, Hokkaido Prefecture.

a neighborhood and station in Mori, Hokkaido Prefecture.

a station in Itoigawa, Niigata Prefecture.


姫川

[çime̞ɡa̠β̞a̠]

ja:姫川 (曖昧さ回避)

Hime River (a river in Nagano Prefecture and Niigata Prefecture, Japan)

Hime River (a river in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

Himegawa (a neighborhood of Kushimoto, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan)


川奈

Kawana (a neighborhood and station in Itō, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


一条

ja-pos

一(いち)条(じょう) • (Ichijō) ^(←いちでう (Itideu)?)

一条 (canonical)
Ichijō (romanization)
Itideu (romanization)
いちでう (hiragana historical)

Compound of 一(いち) (ichi, “one”) + 条(じょう) (-jō, counter for thin, long objects).

ja-com

a neighborhood of Utsunomiya, Tochigi Prefecture.

a neighborhood of Imizu, Toyama Prefecture.

a neighborhood of Chikugo, Fukuoka Prefecture.

The neighborhoods of Ebetsu and Fukagawa, Hokkaido Prefecture.


一條

ja-pos

一(いち)條(じょう) • (Ichijō) ^(←いちでう (Itideu)?)

一條 (canonical)
Ichijō (romanization)
Itideu (romanization)
いちでう (hiragana historical)

Ichijō (a neighborhood of Minamiizu, Shizuoka Prefecture)

Ichijō (a neighborhood of Hirokawa, Fukuoka Prefecture)


スターリングラード

[sɨta̠ːɾʲĩŋɡɯ̟ɾa̠ːdo̞]

Borrowed from Russian Сталинград (Stalingrad).

bor+

(historical) Stalingrad (former name of Volgograd, a city, the administrative center of Volgograd Oblast, Russia, and site of a famous World War II battle; used from 1925–1961)

ja:スターリングラード攻防戦 ja:ヴォルゴグラード


七沢

ja-pos

七(なな)沢(さわ) • (Nanasawa) ^(←ななさは (Nanasafa)?)

七沢 (canonical)
Nanasawa (romanization)
Nanasafa (romanization)
ななさは (hiragana historical)

a neighborhood of Atsugi, Kanagawa Prefecture.

a neighborhood of Narita, Chiba Prefecture.

a neighborhood of Kōfu, Yamanashi Prefecture.


羽月

The tsuki changes to zuki as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

a former village in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan; now part of Isa, Kagoshima Prefecture.

a former station in Ōkuchi, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.


中神

The kami changes to gami as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

a neighborhood of Iruma, Saitama Prefecture.

a neighborhood of Tonami, Toyama Prefecture.

a station in Akishima, Tokyo prefecture.


市田

The ta changes to da as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

a neighborhood of Toyokawa, Aichi Prefecture.

a neighborhood of Kumiyama, Kyoto Prefecture.

a train station in Takamori, Nagano Prefecture.


溝上

Abbreviation of 溝の上 (mizo no ue, “place above the ditch”).

abbrev

Mizonoue (a neighborhood of Tamana, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


神代

Compound of 神(じん) (jin, “god”) + 代(だい) (dai, “age, times”).

ja-com

Jindai (a train station in Senboku, Akita Prefecture, Japan)


神代

The shiro changes to jiro as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Kamishiro (a neighborhood of Handa, Aichi Prefecture, Japan)

Kamishiro (a neighborhood of Muroran, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


神代

Kajiro (a neighborhood of Ichihara, Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


神代

The neighborhoods of Ibara, Tsuyama and Maniwa, Okayama Prefecture.

a neighborhood of Himi, Toyama Prefecture.

a neighborhood of Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture.


神代

Kakumi (a neighborhood of Shika, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


小俣

小俣 (canonical)
Omata (romanization)
Womata (romanization)
をまた (hiragana historical)

Compound of 小(お) (o-, “small”) + 俣(また) (mata, “something divided”). Literally, “small bifurcation”.

a neighborhood of Annaka, Gunma Prefecture.

a neighborhood and train station in Ashikaga, Tochigi Prefecture.

a neighborhood of Sanpoku, Niigata Prefecture.


小俣

小俣 (canonical)
Obata (romanization)
Wobata (romanization)
をばた (hiragana historical)

Obata (a train station in Ise, Mie Prefecture, Japan)


志方

Former places now part of Kakogawa, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan:

a former town in Innami district, Hyōgo Prefecture.

a former village in the former town of Shikata, Innami district, Hyōgo Prefecture.


ウォリス・フツナ

[β̞o̞ɾʲisɨ ɸɯ̟t͡sɨna̠]

Wallis and Futuna
Wallis and Futuna#English

Wallis and Futuna (an archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania)


大河内

ja-pos

大(おお)河(かわ)内(うち) • (Ōkawauchi) ^(←おほかはうち (Ofokafauti)?)

大河内 (canonical)
Ōkawauchi (romanization)
Ofokafauti (romanization)
おほかはうち (hiragana historical)

[o̞ːka̠β̞a̠ɯ̟t͡ɕi]

[o̞ːka̠β̞a̠t͡ɕi]

Ōkawauchi (a neighborhood of Shība, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan)


大河内

大(おお)河(かわ)内(ち) • (Ōkawachi) ^(←おほかはち (Ofokafati)?)

大河内 (canonical)
Ōkawachi (romanization)
Ofokafati (romanization)
おほかはち (hiragana historical)

[o̞ːka̠β̞a̠ɯ̟t͡ɕi]

[o̞ːka̠β̞a̠t͡ɕi]

a neighborhood of Buzen, Fukuoka Prefecture.

a neighborhood and train station in Shūnan, Yamaguchi Prefecture.

a neighborhood of Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture.


大河内

大(おお)河(か)内(ち) • (Ōkachi) ^(←おほかち (Ofokati)?)

大河内 (canonical)
Ōkachi (romanization)
Ofokati (romanization)
おほかち (hiragana historical)

[o̞ːka̠β̞a̠ɯ̟t͡ɕi]

[o̞ːka̠β̞a̠t͡ɕi]

Ōkachi (a neighborhood of Kurayoshi, Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


大河内

大(お)河(かわ)内(ち) • (Okawachi) ^(←おかはち (Okafati)?)

大河内 (canonical)
Okawachi (romanization)
Okafati (romanization)
おかはち (hiragana historical)

Okawachi (a neighborhood of Matsusaka, Mie Prefecture, Japan)


ルガーノ

[ɾɯ̟ɡa̠ːno̞]


バハ・カリフォルニア

[ba̠ha̠ ka̠ɾʲiɸo̞ɾɯ̟ɲ̟ia̠]

ja:バハ・カリフォルニア


バハ・カリフォルニア・スル

[ba̠ha̠ ka̠ɾʲiɸo̞ɾɯ̟ɲ̟ia̠ sɨɾɯ̟]

Baja California Sur
Baja California Sur#English

ja:バハ・カリフォルニア・スル


浜大津

浜(はま)大(おお)津(つ) • (Hamaōtsu) ^(←はまおほつ (Famaofotu)?)

浜大津 (canonical)
Hamaōtsu (romanization)
Famaofotu (romanization)
はまおほつ (hiragana historical)

Hamaōtsu (a neighborhood and train station in Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


鍾路

鍾(チョン)路(ノ) or (historical) 鍾(しょう)路(ろ) • (Chonno or Shōro)

鍾路 (canonical)
鍾路 (canonical)
Chonno (romanization)
Shōro (romanization)

Jongno (a district of Seoul, South Korea)


発寒

Named after 発寒川(はっさむかわ) (Hassamu-kawa, “Hassamu River”). Borrowed from Ainu ハチャㇺ (hacam, “starling (bird)”).

ja-r

a neighborhood of Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture.


妹背牛

Borrowed from Ainu モセウシ (mose usi, “many nettles”).


クーパー

ja-pos

クーパー • (Kūpā)

Cooper County (a county of Missouri, United States)


北キプロス

北キプロス (canonical)
Kita Kipurosu (romanization)

Northern Cyprus
Northern Cyprus#English:_Q23681

Northern Cyprus (a geographic region and de facto unrecognized country comprising the northeastern part of the island of Cyprus, internationally recognized as part of the country of Cyprus)


東京湾

東(とう)京(きょう)湾(わん) • (Tōkyōwan) ^(←とうきやうわん (Toukyauwan)?)

東京湾 (canonical)
Tōkyōwan (romanization)
Toukyauwan (romanization)
とうきやうわん (hiragana historical)

[to̞ːkʲo̞ːβ̞ã̠ɴ]


バフムト

[ba̠ɸɯ̟mɯ̟to̞]

Borrowed from Ukrainian Бахму́т (Baxmút) or Russian Бахму́т (Baxmút).


能登半島

能登半島 (canonical)
Noto Hantō (romanization)


与論島

与論島 (canonical)
Yoronjima (romanization)

[jo̞ɾõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑima̠]

Yoronjima (an island in the Amami islands Japan)


与論

Compare Yoron 与論 (Yunnu), from an earlier form *yonno.

Yoron (a town in Yoronjima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)

与論島方言

与論島方言 よろんじまほうげん


テューリンゲン

[tʲɨːɾʲĩŋɡẽ̞ɴ]


カピス

Capiz (a province of the Philippines; capital: Roxas)


プエルトガレラ

[pɯ̟e̞ɾɯ̟to̞ɡa̠ɾe̞ɾa̠]

Oriental Mindoro
Oriental Mindoro#English

Puerto Galera (a municipality of Oriental Mindoro, Philippines)


北カマリネス

北カマリネス (canonical)
Kita Kamarinesu (romanization)

Camarines Norte (a province of the Philippines)


南カマリネス

南カマリネス (canonical)
Minami Kamarinesu (romanization)

Camarines Sur (a province of the Philippines)


納所

ja-noun

納(なっ)所(しょ) or 納(のう)所(しょ) • (nassho or nōsho) ^(←なふしよ (nafusyo)?)

納所 (canonical)
納所 (canonical)
nassho (romanization)
nōsho (romanization)
nafusyo (romanization)
なふしよ (hiragana historical)

a monk in charge of the above activities


野沢温泉村

ja-pos

野(の)沢(ざわ)温(おん)泉(せん)村(むら) • (Nozawaonsenmura)

野沢温泉村 (canonical)
Nozawaonsenmura (romanization)

Nozawaonsen-mura (a village in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


ケーニヒスベルク

[ke̞ːɲ̟içisɨbe̞ɾɯ̟kɯ̟]

(historical) Königsberg (the former capital of East Prussia)


大洗

大洗町: Ōarai (a town in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


薩摩川内

薩摩川内 (canonical)
Satsumasendai (romanization)

Satsumasendai (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


青ヶ島

青ヶ島 (canonical)
Aogashima (romanization)

an island in the Izu Islands, Tokyo, Japan.


王家の谷

王(おう)家(け)の谷(たに) • (Ōke no Tani) ^(←わうけのたに (Wauke no Tani)?)

王家の谷 (canonical)
Ōke no Tani (romanization)
Wauke no Tani (romanization)
わうけのたに (hiragana historical)

Valley of the Kings
Valley of the Kings#English

Valley of the Kings (a valley in Egypt, on the west bank of the Nile, known for the tombs constructed there for the pharaohs)


モーゼル川

モーゼル川 (canonical)
Mōzerugawa (romanization)

Moselle (a left tributary of Rhine, flowing through the departments of Vosges, Meurthe-et-Moselle and Moselle in northeastern France, through Luxembourg, and through the states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, Germany)


トケラウ

Tokelau (Three atolls forming a dependent territory of New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean).


プトラジャヤ

a federal territory in western Malaysia.


猴猴

(historical) Kaukau (a village in Taiwan)


加計呂麻島

加計呂麻島 (canonical)
Kakeromajima (romanization)

2018 [1967], Shiro Hattori, “やま、もり、たけ [Mountain, Forest, Summit [in Japonic languages]]”, in 日本祖語の再建 [Reconstruction of Proto-Japanese], Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN, page 477:

On April 1958, when I've conducted fieldwork on the Kakeromajima Shodon dialect [spoken by] Tadashi Kanehisa, these were the following results: […]

加計呂麻島諸鈍の方言を金久正氏について調べた (1958 [昭和 33]年 4月ところ、次のようだった。 […]

加計呂麻島 かえろまじま

Kaeromajima Shodon no hōgen o Kanehisa Tadashi ni tsuite shirabeta (senkyūhyakugojūhachi [shōwa sanjūsan]nen shigatsu tokoro, tsugi no yō datta. […]


アルザス・ロレーヌ

[a̠ɾɯ̟za̠sɨ ɾo̞ɾe̞ːnɯ̟]

Alsace-Lorraine (a historical state in Germany (1871-1918), modern part of Grand Est region in France)

ja:アルザス・ロレーヌ


ロレーヌ

[ɾo̞ɾe̞ːnɯ̟]

Lorraine (a cultural region, former administrative region, and former duchy in eastern France; since 2016 part of the region of Grand Est region)


東かがわ

東かがわ (canonical)
Higashikagawa (romanization)

[çiɡa̠ɕika̠ɡa̠β̞a̠]

Higashikagawa (a city in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan)


常総

常(じょう)総(そう) • (Jōsō)

[d͡ʑo̞ːso̞ː]

Jōsō (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


つくばみらい

Tsukubamirai (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


南アルプス

南アルプス (canonical)
Minami Arupusu (romanization)

[mʲina̠mʲi a̠ɾɯ̟pɯ̟̊sɨ]

Compound of 南(みなみ) (minami, “south”) + アルプス (Arupusu, “Alps”), literally “Southern Alps.”

ja-compound

Minami-Alps (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)


マニラ首都圏

マニラ首都圏 (canonical)
Manira Shutoken (romanization)

[ma̠ɲ̟iɾa̠ ɕɨto̞kẽ̞ɴ]

Metro Manila (a metropolitan area and region of the Philippines)


クルディスタン

[kɯ̟ɾɯ̟dʲisɨ̥tã̠ɴ]

Kurdistan (a cultural region in Western Asia inhabited mostly by the Kurds, encompassing parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria)

(by extension) Kurdistan (an autonomous region in northern and northeastern Iraq, lying within the aforementioned Kurdish-majority region)

(by extension) Kurdistan (a province in northwestern Iran, lying within the aforementioned Kurdish-majority region)


日本橋

日本橋 (canonical)
Nihonbashi (romanization)

日(に)本(ほん) (Nihon, “Japan”) + 橋(はし) (hashi, “bridge”). The hashi changes to bashi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Nihonbashi, a business district of Chūō, Tokyo prefecture, Japan, surrounding a famous bridge of the same name

Nihonbashi (Chūō bridge), a bridge over the Nihonbashi River in Chūō, Tokyo prefecture, Japan

Nihonbashi (Ward)
Nihonbashi (Ward)#English

Nihonbashi (Ward) (one of 35 former special wards in Tokyo City, Tokyo prefecture, Japan from about 1889 to 1947)

Nihonbashi (Hanamachi), a hanamachi that once existed from Yaesu to Nihonbashi in Chūō, Tokyo prefecture, Japan

Nihonbashi (Nakagawa bridge), a bridge over the Nakagawa River in Kazo, Saitama Prefecture, Japan

a bridge over the Yoshida River canal that once existed in Ōdōri Park in Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan

Japanese Bridge (Lai Viễn Kiều), a footbridge with a temple atop built by Japanese merchants in 1593 in Hội An, Quảng Nam Province, Vietnam


日本橋

日本橋 (canonical)
Nipponbashi (romanization)

日(にっ)本(ぽん) (Nippon, “Japan”) + 橋(はし) (hashi, “bridge”). The hashi changes to bashi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Nipponbashi, a shopping district in Naniwa-ku, Osaka, Japan.

Nipponbashi (Osaka bridge), a bridge over the Dōtonbori canal in Naniwa-ku, Osaka, Japan.

Nipponbashi (Nakagawa bridge), a bridge over the Nakagawa River in Kazo, Saitama Prefecture, Japan


日本橋

日本橋 (canonical)
Himotobashi (romanization)

日(ひ) (hi) + 本(もと) (moto) + 橋(はし) (hashi, “bridge”). The hashi changes to bashi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Himotobashi (Fukushima), a bridge over the Gohyaku River on the Asakano Bypass of the Japan National Route 4 highway in Koriyama & Hongu, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan


アンダルシア

Andalusia (a historical region and autonomous community in southern Spain, the most populated and second largest of the seventeen autonomous communities that constitute Spain)


オホーツク

Daijirin
Okhotsk High
ja:オホーツク
ja:オホーツク総合振興局

→ Russian: Охо́цуку (Oxócuku)

[o̞ho̞ːt͡sɨ̥kɯ̟]

Borrowed from Russian Охо́тск (Oxótsk), derived from Even окат (okat, “river”).

Okhotsk (an urban locality in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia)

Okhotsk (a subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


バターン

ja-pos

バターン • (Batān)

From Spanish Bataan, from Tagalog Bataan.

Bataan (a province of the Philippines; capital and largest city: Balanga)


糸島

Itoshima (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


新居浜

Niihama (a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


八幡浜

八幡浜 (canonical)
Yawatahama (romanization)

Yawatahama (a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


ラン

Laon (a city in Aisne department, Hauts-de-France, France)


マルヌ

マルヌ県

Marne (a department of Grand Est, France)

マルヌ川

Marne (a right tributary of the Seine, in the Grand Est, Hauts-de-France and Île-de-France regions, France)


アラビア半島

アラビア半島 (canonical)
Arabia Hantō (romanization)

From アラビア (Arabia, “Arabia”) + 半島 (hantō, “peninsula”).

af

Arabian Peninsula
Arabian Peninsula#English

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Arabian Peninsula (a large peninsula in the Middle East, in the countries of Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen)


サラーラ

[sa̠ɾa̠ːɾa̠]

Salalah (the capital and largest city of Dhofar Governorate, Oman)


フメリニツキー

[ɸɯ̟me̞ɾʲiɲ̟it͡sɨkʲiː]

Borrowed from Ukrainian Хмельни́цький (Xmelʹnýcʹkyj).

bor+

Хмельни́цький

フメリニツキー州

フメリニツキー地区 ― Fumerinitsukī-chiku ― Khmelnytskyi Raion

Khmelnytskyi (a city, a raion, an oblast of Ukraine)


チェルカースィ

[t͡ɕe̞ɾɯ̟ka̠ːsʲi]

Borrowed from Ukrainian Черка́си (Čerkásy).

チェルカースィ州

チェルカースィ地区 ― Cherukāsi-chiku ― Cherkasy Raion

Cherkasy (a city, a raion, an oblast of Ukraine)


チェルニーヒウ

[t͡ɕe̞ɾɯ̟ɲ̟iːçiɯ̟]

Borrowed from Ukrainian Черні́гів (Černíhiv).

チェルニーヒウ州

チェルニーヒウ地区 ― Cherunīhiu-chiku ― Chernihiv Raion

Chernihiv (a city, a raion, an oblast of Ukraine)


チェルニウツィー

[t͡ɕe̞ɾɯ̟ɲ̟iɯ̟t͡sʲiː]

Borrowed from Ukrainian Чернівці́ (Černivcí).

チェルニウツィー州

チェルニウツィー地区 ― Cheruniutsī-chiku ― Chernivtsi Raion

Chernivtsi (a city, a raion, an oblast of Ukraine)


標津

Shibetsu (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


ジャガタラ

[d͡ʑa̠ɡa̠ta̠ɾa̠]

From Portuguese Jacatra or Dutch Djakarta. Ultimately a corruption of Indonesian Jakarta, from Sanskrit जयकर्ता (jayakartā, “that which causes victory”). Doublet of ジャカルタ.

der

ジャガタラ文

(historical) Former name of Jakarta, used during the Dutch East Indies period; Jacatra; Batavia.


王舍城

ja-pos

王(おう)舍(しゃ)城(じょう) • (Ōshajō)

[o̞ːɕa̠ʑo̞ː]

Rajgir (a historical town in Nalanda district, Bihar, India)


ワ州

2015, Minetoshi Yasuda, Koji Takahashi, “The study of The basic law of the Wa state A way to make a comparative study of Chinese law─(1) General rules”, in 多摩大学研究紀要「経営情報研究」, volume 19, page 72:

なお紙幅の都合で本稿ではワ州基本法のうち全体構造と「総則」部分のみを対象とする。

Nao shifuku no tsugō de honkō de wa Wa-shū Kihonhō no uchi zentai kōzō to “sōsoku” bubun nomi o taishō to suru.

Due to space constraints, this article will only cover the overall structure and "general provisions" section of the Wa State Organic Law.

autonomous region
autonomous region#English

Wa State (unrecognized state/autonomous region in Myanmar)


シュトゥットガルト

[ɕɨtɯ̟t̚to̞ɡa̠ɾɯ̟to̞]

Stuttgart (the largest city and state capital of Baden-Württemberg, Germany)


ニューカッスル

[ɲ̟ɨːka̠sːɨɾɯ̟]

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

Newcastle (a large city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in northeastern England)

Newcastle (a large city in New South Wales, Australia, situated at the mouth of the Hunter River)

Newcastle (a large city in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa)

Newcastle (a large market town in Staffordshire, England)


ニューカッスル・アポン・タイン

^ニューカッスル・アポン・^タイン

ニューカッスル・アポン・タイン • (Nyūkassuru apon Tain)

[ɲ̟ɨːka̠sːɨɾɯ̟ a̠po̞n ta̠ĩɴ]

Borrowed from English Newcastle upon Tyne.

bor+

Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne#English:_Q1425428

Newcastle upon Tyne (a large city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in northeastern England)


グウィネズ

[ɡɯ̟β̞ine̞zɨ]

Borrowed from English Gwynedd, from Welsh Gwynedd.

Gwynedd (a historical kingdom of Wales, in the north of the country)

Gwynedd (a county of Wales, in the north-west of the country)


ハガッニャ

[ha̠ɡa̠ʔɲ̟a̠]

Borrowed from English Hagåtña, from Chamorro Hagåtña.

Hagåtña (the capital of Guam, a United States island territory)


ヴィーンヌィツャ

[bʲĩːnᵝːit͡sʲa̠]

Borrowed from Ukrainian Ві́нниця (Vínnycja).


ルブヌィ

Lubny (a city in Poltava Oblast, Ukraine)


ミェイク

Myeik (a city in southern Myanmar, formerly known as Mergui)


リェイダ

Lleida (the capital city of the province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain)


キェルツェ

[kʲe̞ɾɯ̟t͡se̞]

Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship#English

Kielce (a city, the capital of Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in central Poland)


ゲギェ県

ゲギェ県 (canonical)
Gegye-ken (romanization)

[ɡe̞ɡʲe̞kẽ̞ɴ]

Partial calque of Tibetan དགེ་རྒྱས་རྫོང (dge rgyas rdzong).

pcal

དགེ་རྒྱས་རྫོང

Gê'gyai (a county of Ngari prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


川頭

川頭 (canonical)
Kawagashira (romanization)

[ka̠β̞a̠ɡa̠ɕiɾa̠]

a neighborhood and former village in Katori, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.


糸数

a neighborhood of Nanjō, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.


稲数

a former village in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.


嘉数

a neighborhood of Ginowan, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.

a neighborhood of Tomigusuku, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.


賀数

a neighborhood of Itoman, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.


シナゴーグ

[ɕina̠ɡo̞ːɡɯ̟]


胆振

Iburi Province, an old province of Japan


後志

後志 (canonical)
Shiribeshi (romanization)

Borrowed from Ainu シㇼペッ (sir pet), referring to the Shiribetsu River and its nearby mountains.

Shiribeshi Province, an old province of Japan

Shiribeshi Subprefecture, a subprefecture of Hokkaido


天塩

Teshio Province, an old province of Japan


蘭印

Dutch East Indies
Dutch East Indies#English:_Q188161

(historical) Dutch East Indies (a former Dutch colony in modern-day Indonesia, existing from 1800 to 1949)


シッキム

[ɕi̥k̚ʲkʲimɯ̟]

(historical) Sikkim (a former country in South Asia that existed from the 17th century until its annexation by India in 1975)


フォートコリンズ

[ɸo̞ːto̞ ko̞ɾʲĩnd͡zɨ]

Fort Collins (a city, the county seat of Larimer County, Colorado)


米所

米所 (canonical)
komedokoro (romanization)

From 米(こめ) (kome) + 所(ところ) (tokoro). The tokoro changes to dokoro as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


長瀞

Nagatoro (a town in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


カラチェフ

Transliteration of Russian Кара́чев (Karáčev)

transliteration

Central Federal District
Central Federal District#English

Karachev (a town in Karachevsky urban settlement, Karachevsky Raion, Bryansk Oblast, Central Federal District, Russia, first mentioned in 1146)


芦名

a neighborhood of Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture


グランド・ブルターニュ

[ɡɯ̟ɾã̠ndo̞ bɯ̟ɾɯ̟ta̠ːɲ̟ɨ]

Borrowed from French Grande-Bretagne,
Compound of グランド (gurando, “grande”) + ブルターニュ (burutānyu, “Bretagne”).

compound

グレートブリテン島は、フランス語では「ル・グランド・ブルターニュ」と呼ばれ、この呼称はしばしば英国（イギリス）のことを指します。

Gurētoburiten tō wa, furansu go deha “ru gurando burutānyu” to yobare, kono koshō wa shibashiba eikoku (igirisu) no koto o sashi masu.

The island of Great Britain is called "le Grande Bretagne" in French, and this name often refers to the United Kingdom.

「ル・グランド・ブルターニュ」という呼称は、フランスのブルターニュ地方とのつながりを示しており、これは両地域が共に古代にはブリトン人の居住地であったことの名残りです。

“Ru gurando burutānyu” to iu koshō wa, furansu no burutānyu chihō tono tsunagari o 示shite ori, kore wa ryō chīki ga tomoni kodai niha buriton人 no kyojūchi de atta koto no nagori desu.

The name "le Grand Bretagne" refers to its connection with the French region of Brittany, a remnant of the ancient Briton settlement of both regions.

A French exonym of Great Britain (an island in Western Europe), or Great Britain, United Kingdom (a country in Western Europe)


ウェストミンスター

[β̞e̞sɨto̞mʲĩɰ̃sɨta̠ː]

ja:ウェストミンスター
ja:ウェストミンスター (曖昧さ回避)

Westminster (a neighbourhood in central London; the administrative centre of the borough of Westminster)

Westminster (a city in Orange County, California)

Jefferson County
Jefferson County#English

Westminster (a city in Adams County and Jefferson County, Colorado)

census-designated place
census-designated place

East Baton Rouge Parish
East Baton Rouge Parish#English

Westminster (a census-designated place in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana)

Westminster (a city, the county seat of Carroll County, Maryland)

Worcester County
Worcester County#English

Westminster (a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts)

unincorporated community
unincorporated community

Westminster (an unincorporated community in Auglaize Township, Allen County, Ohio)

Westminster (a city in Oconee County, South Carolina)

Westminster (an unincorporated community, a census-designated place, an and former city in Collin County, Texas)

Westminster (a town and village in Windham County, Vermont)


日比谷

Hibiya (a district of Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan)


永田町

永田町 (canonical)
Nagatachō (romanization)


有楽町

有楽町 (canonical)
Yūrakuchō (romanization)


月島

月島 (canonical)
Tsukishima (romanization)


千住

Senju (a district of Adachi, Tokyo, Japan)


ニューアーク

ja-pos

ニューアーク • (Nyūāku)


タイムズスクエア

Times Square (a district of New York City, New York, United States)


ウォール街

ウォール街 (canonical)
Wōrugai (romanization)

From Partial calque of English Wall Street.

Wall Street (a district of New York City, New York, United States)


ブロンクス

Bronx (a district of New York City, New York, United States)


スタテンアイランド

Staten Island (a district of New York City, New York, United States)


南鳥島

南鳥島 (canonical)
Minamitorishima (romanization)

Minamitorishima (an Island in Ogasawara, Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


神津島

神津島 (canonical)
Kōzushima (romanization)

Kōzushima (an island in the Izu Islands, Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


式根島

式根島 (canonical)
Shikinejima (romanization)

an island in the Izu Islands, Tokyo prefecture, Japan


聟島

an island in the Bonin Islands, Tokyo prefecture, Japan


媒島

媒島 (canonical)
Nakōdojima (romanization)


沿海地方

沿海地方 (canonical)
Enkai Chihō (romanization)


西帰浦

Seogwipo (a city in Jeju Province, South Korea)


西帰浦

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 서귀포(西歸浦) (Seogwipo).

obor

(dated) Seogwipo (a city in Jeju Province, South Korea)


鬱陵島

[ɯ̟ɾɯ̟ɾɯ̟̃ndo̞]

North Gyeongsang
North Gyeongsang#English

Ulleungdo (an island in Ulleung, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)


鬱陵島

鬱陵島 (canonical)
Utsuryōtō (romanization)

[ɯ̟t͡sɨɾʲo̞ːto̞ː]

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 울릉도(鬱陵島) (Ulleungdo)

(dated) Ulleungdo (an island in Ulleung, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)


タンパ

Hillsborough County
Hillsborough County#English

Tampa (a city, the county seat of Hillsborough County, Florida)


奥羽

ja-pos

奥(おう)羽(う) • (Ōu)

奥(おう) (Ō, Clipping of 陸奥) + 羽(う) (U, Clipping of 出羽)

ja-compound

Clipping of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">陸奥</i>

Clipping of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">出羽</i>

奥羽山脈

奥羽本線

奥羽新幹線

Tōhoku (a traditional region of Japan, specifically the northernmost six prefectures in Honshu (clockwise from the northermost): Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi, Fukushima, Yamagata and Akita)


武江

武江区は、中華人民共和国広東省韶関市の市轄区です。

Bukō ku wa, chūka jinmin kyōwakoku kanton shō shōkan shi no shikatsuku desu.

Wujiang is a district of Shaoguan, Guangdong province, the People's Republic of China.

a district of Shaoguan, Guangdong, China.


信越

[ɕĩɰ̃e̞t͡sɨ]

Echigo Province
Shin'etsu region
Shinano Province

信(しん) (Shin, Clipping of 信濃 (“Shinano Province”)) + 越(えつ) (Etsu, Clipping of 越後 (“Echigo Province”))

Clipping of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">越後</i> (“Echigo Province”)

信越本線

Shin'etsu (a traditional region in Chūbu region in Japan, composed of the prefectures of Nagano and Niigata)


駿遠

駿(すん) (Sun, Clipping of 駿河 (“Suruga Province”)) + 遠(えん) (En, Clipping of 遠江 (“Tōtōmi Province”))

Clipping of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">駿河</i> (“Suruga Province”)

Clipping of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">遠江</i> (“Tōtōmi Province”)

Sun'en (a traditional region in Chūbu region in Japan, composed of the large part of the Shizuoka Prefecture, excluding the Izu Peninsula.)


黒松内

黒松内 (canonical)
Kuromatsunai (romanization)

Kuromatsunai (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


蘭越

Rankoshi (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


カラーリットヌナート

Borrowed from Greenlandic Kalaallit Nunaat;
:Compound of カラーリット (Karāritto, “Greenlander”) + ヌナート (Nunāto, “country”)

com+

グリーンランドはグリーンランド語（カラーリット語）では「カラーリット-ヌナート」と呼ばれています。

Gurīnrando wa Gurīnrandogo (Karārittogo) deha “Karāritto-Nunāto” to yoba rete imasu.

Greenland is called "Kalaallit Nunaat" in Greenlandic (Kalaallisut).

Greenland (a large self-governing island and dependent territory of Denmark, in North America)


ニューカッスル・アンダー・ライム

ja-pos

^ニューカッスル・アンダー・^ライム

ニューカッスル・アンダー・ライム • (Nyūkassuru andā Raimu)

[ɲ̟ɨːka̠sːɨɾɯ̟ ã̠nda̠ː ɾa̠imɯ̟]

Borrowed from English Newcastle-under-Lyme.

bor+

Newcastle-under-Lyme (a large market town in Staffordshire, England)


満砂那

obsolete spelling of マンザナ (“Manzanar (an internment camp in California, United States)”)