マーシャル諸島共和国

ja-pos

マーシャル しょとう きょうわこく

マーシャル諸(しょ)島(とう)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Māsharu Shotō Kyōwakoku)

マーシャル諸島共和国 (canonical)
Māsharu Shotō Kyōwakoku (romanization)

マーシャル諸島 (Māsharu Shotō, “Marshall Islands”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”), calque of English Republic of the Marshall Islands.

cal

Republic of the Marshall Islands#English:_Q709

Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands#English

Republic of the Marshall Islands (official name of the Marshall Islands, an island country in Micronesia)


マジュロ

Borrowed from English Majuro, from Marshallese Mājro.

Majuro (the capital city of the Marshall Islands)


ブルゴーニュ

From French Bourgogne. Doublet of ブルグント (Burugunto).

administrative region
administrative region

Burgundy (a historical region and former administrative region of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté)

Burgundy (an early-medieval kingdom and later former duchy in France and the Netherlands)


ブルゴーニュ公国

ブルゴーニュ公国 (canonical)
Burugōnyu Kōkoku (romanization)

ブルゴーニュ (Burugōnyu, “Burgundy”) + 公国 (kōkoku, “duchy”)


ブルゴーニュ領ネーデルラント

ja-pos

^ブルゴーニュ りょう ^ネーデルラント

ブルゴーニュ領(りょう)ネーデルラント • (Burugōnyu ryō Nēderuranto)

ブルゴーニュ領ネーデルラント (canonical)
Burugōnyu ryō Nēderuranto (romanization)

ブルゴーニュ (Burugōnyu, “Burgundy”) + 領 (ryō) + ネーデルラント (Nēderuranto, “Low Countries”)

compound

ja:ブルゴーニュ領ネーデルラント


ネーデルラント

Borrowed from Dutch Nederland (“Netherlands”).


ブルグント王国

ブルグント王国 (canonical)
Burugunto Ōkoku (romanization)

ブルグント (Burugunto, “Burgundy”) + 王国 (ōkoku, “kingdom”)


ブルグント

From German Burgund. Doublet of ブルゴーニュ (Burugōnyu).


苗栗

Miaoli (a county-administered city in Miaoli County, Taiwan)


台東

Taitō (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


サウジアラビア王国

ja-pos

サウジ アラビア おうこく

サウジアラビア王(おう)国(こく) • (Sauji Arabia Ōkoku)

サウジアラビア王国 (canonical)
Sauji Arabia Ōkoku (romanization)

From サウジアラビア (Sauji Arabia, “Saudi Arabia”) + 王国 (ōkoku, “kingdom”).

compound

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia#English:_Q851

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (official name of Saudi Arabia, a country in Western Asia, on the Arabian Peninsula)


カタルーニャ

[ka̠ta̠ɾɯ̟ːɲ̟a̠]

Borrowed from Spanish Cataluña, Catalan Catalunya.

autonomous community
autonomous community

Catalonia (an autonomous community in northeast Spain)


中衛

中衛 (canonical)
Chūei (romanization)
中衛 (canonical)
Chūe (romanization)

Zhongwei (a prefecture-level city of the Ningxia autonomous region, China)


デン・ハーグ

ja-pos

デン・ハーグ • (Den Hāgu)


ネイプルズ

[ne̞ːpɯ̟ɾɯ̟zɨ]

From English Naples. Doublet of ナポリ (Napori).

Naples (one of several cities and towns in the US)


ロンバルディア

Lombardy (an administrative region in northern Italy, where its capital and the largest city Milan is founded in the Po Valley)


烏海

Wuhai (a city in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


ユタ

Utah (a state in the western United States)


赤道ギニア共和国

せきどう ギニア きょうわこく

赤(せき)道(どう)ギニア共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Sekidō Ginia Kyōwakoku)

赤道ギニア共和国 (canonical)
Sekidō Ginia Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From 赤道ギニア (Sekidō Ginia, “Equatorial Guinea”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Republic of Equatorial Guinea#English:_Q983

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English

Republic of Equatorial Guinea (official name of Equatorial Guinea, a country in Central Africa)


ギニア共和国

ギニア共和国 (canonical)
Ginia Kyōwakoku (romanization)

ギニア (Ginia, “Guinea”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)


ギニアビサウ共和国

ja-pos

ギニア-ビサウ きょうわこく

ギニアビサウ共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Ginia-Bisau Kyōwakoku)

ギニアビサウ共和国 (canonical)
Ginia-Bisau Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From ギニアビサウ (Ginia-Bisau, “Guinea-Bissau”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

compound

Republic of Guinea-Bissau (official name of Guinea-Bissau, a country in West Africa)


パプアニューギニア独立国

ja-pos

パプア ニュー ギニア どくりつこく

パプアニューギニア独(どく)立(りつ)国(こく) • (Papua Nyū Ginia Dokuritsukoku)

パプアニューギニア独立国 (canonical)
Nyū Ginia Dokuritsukoku (Papua)

パプアニューギニア (Papua Nyū Ginia, “Papua New Guinea”) + 独立国 (dokuritsukoku, “independent state”)

af

Independent State of Papua New Guinea
Independent State of Papua New Guinea

the Independent State of Papua New Guinea


ミネソタ

From English Minnesota, from Lakota mní sóta.

ja:ミネソタ (曖昧さ回避)

ミネソタ州

Minnesota (a state in the Upper Midwest region of the United States)

Minnesota, Minnesota River (a tributary of the Mississippi River in southern Minnesota)


ニューファンドランド・ラブラドール

ja-pos

ニューファンドランド・ラブラドール • (Nyūfandorando Raburadōru)

[ɲ̟ɨːɸã̠ndo̞ɾã̠ndo̞ ɾa̠bɯ̟ɾa̠do̞ːɾɯ̟]

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from Newfoundland + Labrador, equivalent to ニューファンドランド (Nyūfandorando) + ラブラドール (Raburadōru), calque of English Newfoundland and Labrador.

cal

Newfoundland and Labrador (a province in eastern Canada)

ja:ニューファンドランド・ラブラドール州


ラブラドール

Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador#English

Labrador (a geographic region, the mainland portion of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, in eastern Canada)


ニューカレドニア

[ɲ̟ɨːka̠ɾe̞do̞ɲ̟ia̠]

New Caledonia (an archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania)


ノバスコシア

Borrowed from English Nova Scotia, from New Latin Nova Scotia (“New Scotland”).

Nova Scotia (a province in eastern Canada)


カレドニア

Caledonia (a city, the county seat of Houston County, Minnesota)


ワシントンD.C.

ja-pos

ワシントン %ディー%-シー

ワシントンD.C. (canonical)
Washinton Dī-Shī (romanization)

[β̞a̠ɕĩnto̞n dʲiːɕiː]

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

Washington, D.C. (a city, the capital city of the United States)


新知

新知 (canonical)
Shimushiru (romanization)


ミシシッピ

From English Mississippi, from Ojibwe misi-ziibi.

Mississippi (a state of the United States)

ja:ミシシッピ (曖昧さ回避)


周南

周(しゅう)南(なん) • (Shūnan) ^(←しうなん (Siunan)?)

周南 (canonical)
Shūnan (romanization)
Siunan (romanization)
しうなん (hiragana historical)

Shūnan (a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan)


モントピリア

From English Montpelier, from French Montpellier. Doublet of モンペリエ (Monperie).

Montpelier (the capital city of Vermont)

Montpelier (an area of Brighton, England)


モンペリエ

From French Montpellier. Doublet of モントピリア (Montopiria).

Montpellier (a large city, the prefecture of Hérault department, Occitania, France)


セントビンセント・グレナディーン

セント ビンセント・グレナディーン

セントビンセント・グレナディーン • (Sento Binsento Gurenadīn)

セントビンセント (Sento Binsento, “Saint Vincent”) + グレナディーン (Gurenadīn, “Grenadines”), calque of English Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

calque

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines#English:_Q757

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean, comprising the islands of Saint Vincent and the island chain of the Grenadines)

ja:セントビンセント・グレナディーン


アンティグア・グアテマラ

[ã̠ntʲiɡɯ̟a̠ ɡɯ̟a̠te̞ma̠ɾa̠]

Borrowed from Spanish Antigua Guatemala.

ja:アンティグア・グアテマラ


セントジョンズ

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda#English

St. John's (the capital city of Antigua and Barbuda)

St. John's (the capital city of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada)


セントジョンズ

St. Johns (a river in Florida, United States)


セントジョンズ

St Johns (a village in Worcestershire, England)

St Johns (a town in South Australia, Australia)


セントジョンズ

Saint Johns (a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand)


セントジョン

Saint John (a city in New Brunswick, Canada)

Saint John (a river in the United States and Canada)


セントビンセント

From English Saint Vincent. Doublet of サン゠ヴァンサン (San-Vansan) and サン・ヴィセンテ (San Vinsente).

doublet

ja:セントビンセント島


ニューサウスウェールズ

ja-pos

ニュー サウス ウェールズ

ニューサウスウェールズ • (Nyū Sausu Wēruzu)

New South Wales
New South Wales#English:_Q3224

New South Wales (a state of Australia, located in the southeastern part of the continent; a former British colony from 1788 to 1901)

ja:ニューサウスウェールズ州


カーディフ

カーディフ • (Kādifu)

Cardiff (a city and county, the capital and largest city of Wales)

City of Lake Macquarie
City of Lake Macquarie#English

Cardiff (a suburb of the City of Lake Macquarie, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia)

Haliburton County
Haliburton County#English

Cardiff (a community in the township of Highlands East, Haliburton County, Ontario, Canada)

Cardiff (a hamlet in Sturgeon County, in central Alberta, Canada)

Cardiff (a small rural settlement in the region of Taranaki, New Zealand)

Jefferson County
Jefferson County#English

Cardiff (a tiny town in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States)

Livingston County
Livingston County#English

Cardiff (a ghost town in Livingston County, Illinois, United States)

unincorporated community
unincorporated community

Cardiff (an unincorporated community in Harford County, Maryland, United States)

Egg Harbor Township
Egg Harbor Township#English

Cardiff (an unincorporated community in Egg Harbor Township, Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States)

Cardiff (a small hamlet in Onandaga County, New York, United States)

Cardiff (a ghost town in Roane County, Tennessee, United States)


カーボベルデ共和国

カーボ ベルデ きょうわこく

カーボベルデ共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Kābo Berude Kyōwakoku)

カーボベルデ共和国 (canonical)
Kābo Berude Kyōwakoku (romanization)

カーボベルデ (Kābo Berude, “Cape Verde”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

compound

Republic of Cabo Verde
Republic of Cabo Verde


コートジボワール共和国

ja-pos

コート ジボワール きょうわこく

コートジボワール共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Kōto Jibowāru Kyōwakoku)

コートジボワール共和国 (canonical)
Kōto Jibowāru Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From コートジボワール (Kōto Jibowāru, “Côte d'Ivoire”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Republic of Côte d'Ivoire#English:_Q1008

Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (official name of Ivory Coast, a country in West Africa)


伯刺西爾

伯刺西爾 (canonical)
Burajiru (romanization)

misspelling of 伯剌西爾: obsolete spelling of ブラジル (= Brazil), a country in South America


ケイマン諸島

ケイマン諸島 (canonical)
Keiman Shotō (romanization)

ケイマン (Keiman, “Cayman”) + 諸島 (shotō, “archipelago”), calque of English Cayman Islands

compound

Cayman Islands
Cayman Islands#English:_Q5785

Cayman Islands (three islands constituting an overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean Sea)


八尾

八尾 (canonical)
Yao (romanization)
Yawo (romanization)
やを (hiragana historical)

Compound of 八 (ya, “eight”) + 尾 (o, “tail”).


八尾

八尾 (canonical)
Yatsuo (romanization)
Yatwo (romanization)
やつを (hiragana historical)

Compound of 八 (yatsu, “eight”) + 尾 (o, “tail”).

(historical) Yatsuo (a town in Nei, Toyama Prefecture, Japan) [–2005]


フリースラント

ja:フリースラント ja:フリースラント州


メキシコがっしゅうこく

ja-pos

メキシコ がっしゅうこく

メキシコ合衆国 メキシコ合衆国#Japanese

United Mexican States
United Mexican States#English:_Q96

メキシコ合衆国: United Mexican States (official name of Mexico, a country in North America)


オンタリオ

San Bernardino County
San Bernardino County#English

Ontario (a city in San Bernardino County, California)

Ontario (a city in Richland County, Ohio)

Ontario (a city in Malheur County, Oregon)


シンシナティ

ja:シンシナティ (曖昧さ回避)


モンレアル

From French Montréal. Doublet of モントリオール (Montoriōru).

Montréal (a commune of Ardèche department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)

Montréal (a commune of Aude department, Occitania, France)

Montréal (a commune of Gers department, Occitania, France)

Montréal (a commune of Yonne department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)


ニューイングランド

[ɲ̟ɨː ĩŋɡɯ̟ɾã̠ndo̞]

ja:ニューイングランド

New England (a geographic region of the northeastern United States, consisting of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont)

New England (a geographic region in northeastern New South Wales, Australia)


ヨハネスブルグ

Johannesburg (a city, the provincial capital of Gauteng, South Africa)


サスカチュワン

[sa̠sɨka̠t͡ɕɨβ̞ã̠ɴ]

Saskatchewan (a prairie province in western Canada)

Saskatchewan River
Saskatchewan River#English

Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan River (a major river in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada)


マニトバ

Manitoba, Lake Manitoba (a lake in Manitoba, Canada)


アルバータ

[a̠ɾɯ̟ba̠ːta̠]


ニューブランズウィック

ニュー ブランズウィック

[ɲ̟ɨː bɯ̟ɾã̠nd͡zɨβ̞ik̚kɯ̟]

New Brunswick
New Brunswick#English:_Q1965

New Brunswick (a province in eastern Canada)

ja:ニューブランズウィック


富良野

From Ainu フラヌィ (huranuy, “sulfurous place”). The kanji is ateji (当て字).


澄海

(〜区) Chenghai (a district of Shantou, Guangdong, China)

(〜県) (historical) Chenghai (a county of Guangdong, China)


鵝鑾鼻

[ɡa̠ɾã̠mbʲi]

Orthographic borrowing from Hokkien 鵝鑾鼻 /鹅銮鼻 (Gô-loân-phīⁿ), probably from Paiwan goran (“sail”) and Hokkien 鼻 (phīⁿ, “nose, prominence, cape”).


ラサ

Likely via English Lhasa, from Tibetan ལྷ་ས (lha sa), from Old Tibetan ར་ས (ra sa).

Lhasa (the capital city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


芝罘

ja-pos

芝罘(チーフー) • (Chīfū)

Borrowed from English Chefoo, from Mandarin 芝罘 (Zhīfú).

Zhifu (a district of Yantai, Shandong, China)


千歳

Chitose (a city in Ishikari subprefecture, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Chitose (a district of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Chitose (a village in Chitose district, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Chitose (a village in Ōtomari district, Karafuto prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Chitose (a village in Higashimurayama district, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Chitose (a village in Asai district, Chiba Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Chitose (a village in Awa district, Chiba Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Chitose (a village in Minamikuwada district, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Chitose (a village in Kitatama district, Tokyo prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Chitose (a village in Kanzaki district, Saga Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Chitose (a village in Ōno district, Ōita Prefecture, Japan)


宮古

Miyako (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)

宮古翡翠

宮古翡翠 みやこしょうびん

宮古上布

宮古上布 みやこじょうふ

宮古諸島

宮古諸島 みやこしょとう


張家口

Zhangjiakou (a prefecture-level city of Hebei, China)


イギリス領インド洋地域

^イギリス りょう ^インドよう ^ち.いき

イギリス領(りょう)インド洋(よう)地(ち)域(いき) • (Igirisu ryō Indoyō Chiiki)

イギリス領インド洋地域 (canonical)
Igirisu ryō Indoyō Chiiki (romanization)

イギリス (Igirisu, “Britain”) + 領 (ryō, “under the government of”) + インド洋 (Indoyō, “Indian Ocean”) + 地域 (chiiki, “territory”), calque of English British Indian Ocean Territory.

cal

British Indian Ocean Territory
British Indian Ocean Territory#English

British Indian Ocean Territory (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Indian Ocean)

ja:イギリス領インド洋地域


イギリス領南極地域

ja-pos

^イギリス りょう ^なんきょく ^ち.いき

イギリス領(りょう)南(なん)極(きょく)地(ち)域(いき) • (Igirisu ryō Nankyoku Chiiki)

イギリス領南極地域 (canonical)
Igirisu ryō Nankyoku Chiiki (romanization)

イギリス (Igirisu, “Britain”) + 領 (ryō, “under the government of”) + 南極 (Nankyoku, “South Pole”) + 地域 (chiiki, “territory”), calque of English British Antarctic Territory

cal

British Antarctic Territory
British Antarctic Territory#English

South Orkney Islands
South Orkney Islands

South Shetland Islands
South Shetland Islands

British Antarctic Territory (an overseas territory in the Antarctic administered by the United Kingdom, and also including the South Orkney Islands and South Shetland Islands)

ja:イギリス領南極地域


ソマリランド

Somali Coast Protectorate
Somali Coast Protectorate

Somaliland (a geographic region and de facto independent unrecognized state in East Africa, internationally recognized as part of Somalia; formerly the Somali Coast Protectorate)


チェスターフィールド

ja-pos

チェスターフィールド • (Chesutāfīrudo)

[t͡ɕe̞sɨ̥ta̠ːɸʲiːɾɯ̟do̞]

ja:チェスターフィールド


トーキー

トーキー • (Tōkī)

ja:トーキー (イングランド)
ja:トーキー (曖昧さ回避)

Torquay (a town and coastal resort in Torbay borough, in southern Devon, England)

Surf Coast Shire
Surf Coast Shire#English

Torquay (a town in Surf Coast Shire, Victoria, Australia)


トーベイ

トーベイ • (Tōbei)

Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador#English

Torbay (a town in Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada)

Torbay (a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand)

Western Australia
Western Australia#English

Torbay (a small town, bay, and suburb of Albany, Western Australia)


ジャンムー・カシミール

ジャンムー・カシミール • (Janmū Kashimīru)

Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir#English:_Q66278313

Jammu and Kashmir (a union territory of India)

ja:ジャンムー・カシミール州


大公国

大公国 (canonical)
taikōkoku (romanization)

From 大公 (taikō, “grand duke”) + 国 (-koku, “country”).

suf

ルクセンブルク大公国


種子島

種子島 (canonical)
Tanegashima (romanization)

Daijisen
Nihon Shoki
Tanegashima
Tanegashima (gun)
ja:松村明
ja:種子島

Analyzable as a compound of 種 (tane, “seed”) + が (ga, ancient genitive or possessive particle) + 島 (shima, “island”).
The 種子 spelling for the tane portion is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), using the spelling from a Chinese-derived synonym.
First mentioned in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE with the spelling 多禰嶋, where 多禰 (tane) appears to be a phonetic spelling of 種 (tane, “seed”), and 嶋 is an alternative form of 島 (shima, “island”).
The matchlock sense arose as an abbreviation of either 種子島銃 (Tanegashima jū, literally “Tanegashima gun”) or 種子島鉄砲 (Tanegashima teppō, literally “Tanegashima cannon”), which names arose due to matchlocks first being imported to Japan by the Portuguese in 1543, via the island of Tanegashima.
This sense is first cited to a text from 1607, but it was likely in use before this date.

compound

多禰島, 多禰嶋: Tanegashima (an island in Kagoshima Prefecture)


ファーガソン

ja-pos

ファーガソン • (Fāgason)

St. Louis County
St. Louis County#English

Ferguson (a city in St. Louis County, Missouri, United States)


ファーガス

ファーガス • (Fāgasu)

unincorporated community
unincorporated community

Centre Wellington
Centre Wellington#English

Wellington County
Wellington County#English

Fergus (an unincorporated community in the township of Centre Wellington, Wellington County, Ontario, Canada)


親知らず

親知らず (canonical)
Oyashirazu (romanization)

Battle of Dan-no-ura
Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nagaoka, Niigata
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:平頼盛
ja:親知らず

Compound of 親 (oya, “parent”) + 知らず (shirazu, “not know”, classical negative form of the verb 知る (shiru, “to know”)).
First cited definitively to 1595, although the place name might be based on a poem from the early 1100s.
Additional information about the place name
The longer version of the place name is 親不知子不知 (Oyashirazu Koshirazu, literally “not knowing parents, not knowing children”), and might come from a poem written by the wife of the samurai 平頼盛 (Taira no Yorimori) in the late 12th century, in memory of her two-year-old son who had perished there. People in those days could only bypass the cliff by traversing a narrow strip of land at sea level, and in stormy weather, huge breakers could easily sweep people away unless they held on tightly to the rocks, an act said to make them forget about their parents and/or children. The young boy had been swept away by such a wave as he and his mother traversed the base of the cliff while they fled to 五百刈 (Gohyakkari) village (currently part of present-day Nagaoka) following the Battle of Dan-no-ura.
The alternative spelling 親不知 uses the 漢文 (kanbun) spelling 不知 for the shirazu portion.

compound

classical negative form of the verb <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">知る</i> (shiru, “to know”)

col-top

Specifically, the name for a stretch of 断層海岸 (dansō kaigan, literally “(geologic) fault coast”), a specific kind of submergent coastline, in 青海町 (Ōmi-machi) in the southwest of Niigata Prefecture, where the 北陸道 (Hokurikudō) ran close to the sea and where surf conditions could become quite dangerous.

a cliff-lined coast in Itoigawa, Niigata Prefecture, Japan

Specifically, the name for a stretch of road along a similar area of dangerous coast in 清水区 (Shimizu-ku, “Shimizu Ward”) in 静岡市 (Shizuoka-shi).

a cliff-lined coast in Shizuoka, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan


南スーダン共和国

ja-pos

みなみ スーダン きょうわこく

南(みなみ)スーダン共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Minami Sūdan Kyōwakoku)

南スーダン共和国 (canonical)
Minami Sūdan Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From 南スーダン (Minami Sūdan, “South Sudan”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”), calque of English Republic of South Sudan.

cal

Republic of South Sudan
Republic of South Sudan#English:_Q958

Republic of South Sudan (official name of South Sudan, a country in East Africa)


グラスゴー

Glasgow (a major city and council area of Scotland, largest city in Scotland)

ja:グラスゴー (曖昧さ回避)


コーク

ja-pos

コーク • (Kōku)


伊春

Yichun (a prefecture-level city of Heilongjiang, China)


モンゴメリー

Montgomery (a city, the capital city of Alabama)


ジュノー

ジュノー • (Junō)


ランシング

[ɾã̠ɰ̃ɕĩŋɡɯ̟]


鹿沼

Kanuma (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


バトマン

ja:バトマン ja:バトマン県


歌舞伎町

歌(か)舞(ぶ)伎(き)町(ちょう) • (Kabukichō) ^(←かぶきちやう (Kabukityau)?)

歌舞伎町 (canonical)
Kabukichō (romanization)
Kabukityau (romanization)
かぶきちやう (hiragana historical)

→ English: Kabukicho

[ka̠bɯ̟kʲi̥t͡ɕo̞ː]

歌舞伎 + 町. From being a district (町 (“town”)) that developed around a proposed kabuki (歌舞伎) theatre, although the theatre was never built.

Kabukicho (a district of Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan)


パリス

ja:パリス (曖昧さ回避)

Paris (a town in Grant County, Wisconsin)

Paris (a town in Kenosha County, Wisconsin)


シリア・アラブ共和国

シリア・アラブ きょうわこく

シリア・アラブ共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Shiria Arabu Kyōwakoku)

シリア・アラブ共和国 (canonical)
Shiria Arabu Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From シリア (Shiria, “Syria”) + アラブ (Arabu, “Arab”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

com

Syrian Arab Republic
Syrian Arab Republic#English:_Q858

Syrian Arab Republic (official name of Syria, a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


チェチェン共和国

ja-pos

チェチェン きょうわこく

チェチェン共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Chechen Kyōwakoku)

チェチェン共和国 (canonical)
Chechen Kyōwakoku (romanization)

[t͡ɕe̞t͡ɕẽ̞ŋʲkʲo̞ːβ̞a̠ko̞kɯ̟]

チェチェン (Chechen, “Chechnya”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

com

Chechen Republic
Chechen Republic#English

Chechen Republic (a republic of the northern Caucasus of Russia; capital: Grozny)


コロンビア共和国

ja-pos

コロンビア きょうわこく

コロンビア共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Koronbia Kyōwakoku)

コロンビア共和国 (canonical)
Koronbia Kyōwakoku (romanization)

コロンビア (Koronbia, “Colombia”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

com

Republic of Colombia
Republic of Colombia#English:_Q739

Republic of Colombia (official name of Colombia, a country in South America)


パールハーバー

ja-pos

パールハーバー • (Pāru Hābā)

Synonym of 真珠湾 (Shinjuwan, “Pearl Harbor”)


フリント

[ɸɯ̟ɾʲĩnto̞]


ハートフォード

ハートフォード • (Hātofōdo)

Hartford (a village in Huntingdonshire, England)

Hartford (a village in Cheshire, England)

Hartford (the capital city of Connecticut)


ハートフォード

ハートフォード • (Hātofōdo)

Hertford (a town in Hertfordshire, England)

Hertford (a town in North Carolina, United States)


ブリッジポート

Fairfield County
Fairfield County#English

Bridgeport (a large port city, the county seat of Fairfield County, Connecticut)

Bridgeport (a small city in Jackson County, Alabama)

census-designated place
census-designated place

Bridgeport (a census-designated place, the county seat of Mono County, California)

Bridgeport (a small city and township in Lawrence County, Illinois)

Bridgeport (a neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois)

Bridgeport (a township and unincorporated community therein, in Saginaw County, Michigan)

Bridgeport (a small city, the county seat of Morrill County, Nebraska)

Bridgeport (a hamlet and census-designated place in Madison County and Onondaga County, New York)

Bridgeport (a village in Belmont County, Ohio)

Bridgeport (a small town in Caddo County, Oklahoma)

Montgomery County
Montgomery County#English

Bridgeport (a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania)

Bridgeport (a city in Wise County, Texas)

Bridgeport (a small city in Douglas County, Washington)

Bridgeport (a city in Harrison County, West Virginia)

Bridgeport (a small town and unincorporated community in Crawford County, Wisconsin)


キルギス共和国

キルギス共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Kirugisu Kyōwakoku)

キルギス共和国 (canonical)
Kirugisu Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From キルギス (Kirugisu, “Kyrgyzstan”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

com

Kyrgyz Republic
Kyrgyz Republic#English:_Q813

Kyrgyz Republic (official name of Kyrgyzstan, a country in Central Asia)


トンガ王国

トンガ王国 (canonical)
Tonga Ōkoku (romanization)


西オーストラリア

西オーストラリア (canonical)
Nishi Ōsutoraria (romanization)

From 西 (nishi, “west”) + オーストラリア (Ōsutoraria, “Australia”), calque of English Western Australia.

af

Western Australia
Western Australia#English:_Q3206

Western Australia (a state of Australia, occupying the western third of the continent; a former British colony until 1901)

ja:西オーストラリア州


モルドバ共和国

ja-pos

モルドバ共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Morudoba Kyōwakoku)

モルドバ共和国 (canonical)
Morudoba Kyōwakoku (romanization)

モルドバ (Morudoba, “Moldova”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)


パンジャブ

[pã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑa̠bɯ̟]

Punjab (a geographical region in South Asia, politically divided between India and Pakistan)


ラホール

[ɾa̠ho̞ːɾɯ̟]


ムルタン

[mɯ̟ɾɯ̟tã̠ɴ]


阿猴

ja-pos

阿(あ)猴(こう) or 阿猴(アコウ) • (Akō)

阿猴 (canonical)
阿猴 (canonical)
Akō (romanization)

Borrowed from Hokkien 阿猴 (A-kâu) in the late 1890s.

(historical) Akō (a former village and subprefecture in Taiwan under Japanese rule)


アトランティックシティ

アトランティック シティ


サウサンプトン

Southampton (a city, unitary authority, and borough of Hampshire, in southern England)

Southampton (a town and village in Suffolk County, Long Island, New York)

Hampshire County
Hampshire County#English

Southampton (a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts)


ケルビン

[ke̞ɾɯ̟bʲĩɴ]


ニュートン

ニュートン • (Nyūton)

ja:ニュートン (曖昧さ回避)

South Cambridgeshire
South Cambridgeshire#English

Newton (a small village and civil parish in South Cambridgeshire district, Cambridgeshire, (OS grid ref TL4349))

Cheshire West and Chester
Cheshire West and Chester#English

Newton (a suburb of Chester, Cheshire West and Chester district, Cheshire, (OS grid ref SJ4168))

Dalton Town with Newton
Dalton Town with Newton#English

Westmorland and Furness
Westmorland and Furness#English

Newton (a village in Dalton Town with Newton parish, Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, previously in Barrow-in-Furness borough, (OS grid ref SD2371))

Newton (a hamlet and civil parish (served by Vowchurch and District Parish Council) in south-west Herefordshire, (OS grid ref SO3432))

Newton (a village and civil parish (served by Newton-in-Bowland Parish Council) in Ribble Valley district, Lancashire, (OS grid ref SD6950))

Newton (a village and civil parish in Rushcliffe district, Nottinghamshire, (OS grid ref SK6841))

Newton (a small village and civil parish in Babergh district, Suffolk, (OS grid ref TL9140))

Middlesex County
Middlesex County#English

Newton (a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts)

Newton (a small city in Dale County, Alabama)

Newton (a small city, the county seat of Baker County, Georgia)

Newton (a city, the county seat of Jasper County, Illinois)

Newton (a city, the county seat of Jasper County, Iowa)

Newton (a city, the county seat of Harvey County, Kansas, named after Newton, Massachusetts)

Newton (a small city in Newton County, Mississippi)

Rockingham County
Rockingham County#English

Newton (a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire)

Newton (a town, the county seat of Sussex County, New Jersey)

Newton (a city, the county seat of Catawba County, North Carolina)

Newton (a city, the county seat of Newton County, Texas)

Newton (a small city in Cache County, Utah)

unincorporated community
unincorporated community

Manitowoc County
Manitowoc County#English

Newton (a town and unincorporated community therein, in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin)

Marquette County
Marquette County#English

Newton (a town in Marquette County, Wisconsin)


カタール国

カタール国 (canonical)
Katāru-koku (romanization)

カタール (Katāru, “Qatar”) + 国 (-koku, “country”)


スウォンジー

ja-pos

スウォンジー • (Suwonjī)

Swansea (a city and county in South Wales)

St. Clair County
St. Clair County#English

Swansea (a village in St. Clair County, Illinois)

Swansea (a town in Bristol County, Massachusetts)


オリンピア

From English Olympia, from Ancient Greek Ὀλυμπία (Olumpía).


オリュンピア

[o̞ɾʲɨ̃mpʲia̠]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ὀλυμπία (Olumpía)

lbor

オリンピア オリンピア#Japanese

Alternative form of オリンピア (Orinpia, “Olympia (an ancient city in Greece)”)


ロス・アンヘレス

From Spanish Los Ángeles (literally “The Angels”). Doublet of ロサンゼルス (Rosanzerusu).

bor

Los Ángeles (in Spanish-speaking countries)


モーリシャス共和国

ja-pos

モーリシャス きょうわこく

モーリシャス共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Mōrishasu Kyōwakoku)

モーリシャス共和国 (canonical)
Mōrishasu Kyōwakoku (romanization)

モーリシャス (Mōrishasu, “Mauritius”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

com

Republic of Mauritius
Republic of Mauritius


モンタナ

From English Montana, from Spanish montaña (“mountain”)

ja:モンタナ (曖昧さ回避)

モンタナ州


モンタナ

ja:モンタナ (曖昧さ回避)

モンタナ州


ノルマンディー

[no̞ɾɯ̟mã̠ndʲiː]

[no̞ɾɯ̟mã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑiː]

administrative region
administrative region

Normandy (an administrative region, historical province, and medieval kingdom in northwest France, on the English Channel)


グレートプレーンズ

Great Plains
Great Plains#English:_Q12707

Great Plains (the relatively flat region of United States and Canada consisting of grasslands east of the Rocky Mountains and west of the Mississippi, from Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba in the north, to Texas in the south)


コンスタンティノープル

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

(historical) Constantinople (the former name, from 330–1930 C.E., of Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey; the former capital of the Ottoman Empire and of the Byzantine Empire before that)

ja:コンスタンティノープル


ブルックリン

Brooklyn (a borough of New York City, New York, United States)

Brooklyn (a town in Windham County, Connecticut, United States)

Brooklyn (a village in St. Clair County, Illinois, United States)

Brooklyn (a small town in Morgan County, Indiana, United States)

Brooklyn (a small city Poweshiek County Iowa, United States)

Brooklyn (a village in Jackson County, Michigan, United States)

Brooklyn (a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States)

Brooklyn (a town in Green County, Wisconsin, United States)

Brooklyn (a village in Dane County and Green County, Wisconsin)

Brooklyn (a small town in Washburn County, Wisconsin)

Brooklyn (a small suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia)

Brooklyn (a suburb of Wellington, Wellington region, New Zealand)


ヴィエンナ

From English Vienna. Doublet of ヴィエンヌ (Viennu, “Vienne”) and ウィーン (Wīn).


ヴィエンヌ

From French Vienne. Doublet of ヴィエンナ (Vienna) and ウィーン (Wīn).

Vienne (a department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)

Vienne (a left tributary of the Loire in southwest France, flowing through the departments of Corrèze, Creuse, Haute-Vienne, Charente, Vienne and Indre-et-Loire)

Vienne (a town and commune of Isère department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


コンコード

Concord (the capital city of New Hampshire)


ニューメキシコ

New Mexico (a state in the southwestern United States)


メヒコ

From Spanish México, from Classical Nahuatl Mēxihco.


アセンズ

Limestone County
Limestone County#English

Athens (a city, the county seat of Limestone County, Alabama, United States).

Athens (an unincorporated community in Howard County, Arkansas, United States).

Los Angeles County
Los Angeles County#English

Athens (a large unincorporated community in Los Angeles County, California, United States).

Athens (a sizable city in Georgia, United States).

Athens (a city in Menard County, Illinois, United States).

Athens (an unincorporated community and hamlet in Henry Township, Fulton County, Indiana, United States).

Athens (a small unincorporated village outside of Lexington, Kentucky, United States).

Claiborne Parish
Claiborne Parish#English

Athens (a village in Claiborne Parish, Louisiana, United States).

Athens (a town in Somerset County, Maine, United States).

Athens (a village in Calhoun County, Michigan, United States).

Athens (an unincorporated community in Monroe County, Mississippi, United States).

Athens (a ghost town in Clark County, Missouri, United States).

Athens (a former mining settlement and ghost town in Nye County, Nevada, United States).

Athens (a town and village in Greene County, New York, United States).

Athens (a city, the county seat of Athens County, Ohio, United States).

Athens (a borough of Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States).

Athens (a city, the county seat of McMinn County, Tennessee, United States).

Henderson County
Henderson County#English

Athens (a city, the county seat of Henderson County, Texas, United States).

Athens (a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States).

Athens (a town in Mercer County, West Virginia, United States).

Athens (a village in Marathon County, Wisconsin, United States).


サン・バルテルミー

[sa̠m ba̠ɾɯ̟te̞ɾɯ̟mʲiː]

Saint Barthélemy
Saint Barthélemy#English:_Q25362

Saint Barthélemy (an island, dependent territory, and overseas collectivity of France, in the Caribbean)

ja:サン・バルテルミー島


瀬戸内

Setouchi (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)

Setouchi (a town in the Amami Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


瀬戸内地方

ja-pos

瀬(せ)戸(と)内(うち)地(ち)方(ほう) • (setouchi Chihō)

瀬戸内地方 (canonical)
setouchi Chihō (romanization)

Setouchi Region: region of Japan's Inland Sea (the body of water separating Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū, three of the four main islands of Japan) and coastal areas roundabout


赤の広場

赤の広場 (canonical)
Aka no Hiroba (romanization)

赤 (aka, “red”) + の (no, attributive marker) + 広場 (hiroba, “square”)


サクラメント

From English Sacramento, from Spanish Sacramento (literally “Sacrament”).

der

サクラメント サクラメント#Japanese

サクラメント, 桜面都, 桜府: Sacramento (a city in Sacramento, California, United States)

サクラメント サクラメント#Japanese

サクラメント, 桜面都: Sacramento (a county of California, United States)


七台河

七台河 (canonical)
Shichitaika (romanization)

Qitaihe (a prefecture-level city of Heilongjiang, China)


アクロティリおよびデケリア

ja-pos

^アクロティリ および ^デケリア

アクロティリおよびデケリア • (Akurotiri oyobi Dekeria)

アクロティリ (Akurotiri, “Akrotiri”) + 及び (oyobi, “and”) + デケリア (Dikeria, “Dhekelia”), calque of English Akrotiri and Dhekelia

af

Akrotiri and Dhekelia
Akrotiri and Dhekelia#English

Akrotiri and Dhekelia (an overseas territory of the United Kingdom on the island of Cyprus)

ja:アクロティリおよびデケリア


アンギラ

[ã̠ŋʲɡʲiɾa̠]

Anguilla (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, in the Caribbean Sea)


バミューダ

Bermuda (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean)


イギリス領ヴァージン諸島

ja-pos

^イギリス りょう ^ヴァージン ^しょとう

イギリス領(りょう)ヴァージン諸(しょ)島(とう) • (Igirisu ryō Vājin Shotō)

イギリス領ヴァージン諸島 (canonical)
Igirisu ryō Vājin Shotō (romanization)

イギリス (Igirisu, “Britain”) + 領 (ryō, “under the government of”) + ヴァージン諸島 (Vājin Shotō, “Virgin Islands”), calque of English British Virgin Islands.

cal

British Virgin Islands
British Virgin Islands#English:_Q25305

British Virgin Islands (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, in the Caribbean)

ja:イギリス領ヴァージン諸島


アメリカ領ヴァージン諸島

ja-pos

^アメリカ-りょう ^ヴァージン ^しょとう

アメリカ領(りょう)ヴァージン諸(しょ)島(とう) • (Amerika-ryō Vājin Shotō)

アメリカ領ヴァージン諸島 (canonical)
Amerika-ryō Vājin Shotō (romanization)

アメリカ (Amerika, “America”) + 領 (ryō, “under the government of”) + ヴァージン諸島 (Vājin Shotō, “Virgin Islands”), calque of English U.S. Virgin Islands

af

United States Virgin Islands#English:_Q11703

United States Virgin Islands (an archipelago and dependent territory of the United States, part of the Virgin Islands in the Caribbean)

ja:アメリカ領ヴァージン諸島


水俣

Minamata (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


スワジランド王国

スワジランド王国 (canonical)
Suwajirando Ōkoku (romanization)

スワジランド (Suwajirando, “Swaziland”) + 王国 (ōkoku, “kingdom”)

com

Kingdom of Swaziland
Kingdom of Swaziland


華府

華府 (canonical)
Kafu (romanization)
Kwafu (romanization)
くわふ (hiragana historical)

1935 March 13, 日伯新聞 (Nippaku Shinbun) [Nippo-Brazilian Newspaper], number 926, page 1:

According to a report from Washington, British ambassador to the United States Mr Lindsay visited the Department of State, […]

華府來電によれば駐米英大使リンゼー氏は國務省を訪問、[…]

Kafu raiden ni yoreba chū-Bei Ei-taishi Rinzē-shi wa kokumushō o hōmon, […]

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

(obsolete) Washington, D.C. (a city, the capital city of the United States)


ヒドラ

ja:ヒドラ
ja:ヒドラ (衛星)


ノースカロライナ

North Carolina
North Carolina#English:_Q1454

(~州) North Carolina (a state of the United States, situated on the east coast of the North American mainland north of South Carolina and south of Virginia)

ja:ノースカロライナ州


ノースダコタ

North Dakota
North Dakota#English:_Q1207

North Dakota (a state in the Upper Midwest region of the United States)


サウスダコタ

South Dakota
South Dakota#English:_Q1211

South Dakota (a state in the Upper Midwest region of the United States)


カロリーナ

Carolina (a municipality of Puerto Rico, United States)


ダコタ

Borrowed from English Dakota, from Dakota dakhóta.


ビスマーク

Bismarck (the capital city of North Dakota)


天安門広場

ja-pos

天(てん)安(あん)門(もん)広(ひろ)場(ば) • (Ten'anmon Hiroba)

天安門広場 (canonical)
Ten'anmon Hiroba (romanization)

[tẽ̞ɰ̃ã̠mːo̞ɰ̃ çiɾo̞ba̠]

天安門 (“Tiananmen”) + 広場 (“square”), calque of Mandarin 天安門廣場 /天安门广场 (Tiān'ānmén Guǎngchǎng, Tiān'ānmén Guǎngcháng)

cal

Tiananmen Square
Tiananmen Square#English

Tiananmen Square (a square in Beijing, China)


ヤクーツク

[ja̠kɯ̟ːt͡sɨkɯ̟]

Borrowed from Russian Яку́тск (Jakútsk).


ホバート

Hobart (the capital of Tasmania, Australia)


茅ヶ崎

茅ヶ崎 (canonical)
Chigasaki (romanization)

Chigasaki (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


白山

[ha̠kɯ̟sã̠ɴ]

Hakusan (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


上饒

ja-pos

上(じょう)饒(じょう) • (Jōjō)

Shangrao (a prefecture-level city of Jiangxi, China)


保山

Baoshan (a prefecture-level city of Yunnan, China)


阿拉斯加

此阿拉斯加の最北端なるポイントバローまて僅々のみ。

(Can we date this quote?), 加藤哲, “北極記行”, in こゝろの華(はな) (Kokoro no hana), volume 六巻二号, page 71:

[…]加奈陀ノ內地並ニ阿拉斯加沿岸ヨリ[…]

(Can we date this quote?), “雜錄”, in 植民協會報告(しよくみんけふくわいほうこく) (Shokumin kyōkai hōkoku), volume 第弐拾號, page 89:

rare spelling of アラスカ (“Alaska (a state of the United States)”)


ボン

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Bonn (an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the Rhine River; the former capital of West Germany and (until 1999) seat of government of unified Germany)


甘木

(historical) Amagi (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


九里

Jiuli District (a former district of Jiangsu, China)


春川

[t͡ɕɨ̃ɲ̟t͡ɕõ̞ɴ]


春川

春(しゅん)川(せん) • (Shunsen) ^(←しゆんせん (Syunsen)?)

春川 (canonical)
Shunsen (romanization)
Syunsen (romanization)
しゆんせん (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 춘천(春川) (chuncheon).

obor

(dated) Chuncheon (a city in South Korea)


木浦

Mokpo (a city in South Jeolla Province, South Korea)


木浦

/mokɯho/ → /mop̚po/
Orthographic borrowing from Korean 목포(木浦) (Mokpo).

(dated) Mokpo (a city in South Jeolla Province, South Korea)


慶州

[kʲõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨ]


慶州

ja-pos

慶(けい)州(しゅう) • (Keishū) ^(←けいしう (Keisiu)?)

慶州 (canonical)
Keishū (romanization)
Keisiu (romanization)
けいしう (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 경주(慶州) (gyeongju).

obor

(dated) Gyeongju (a city in South Korea)


浦項

North Gyeongsang
North Gyeongsang#English

Pohang (a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)


浦項

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 포항(浦項) (Pohang).

(dated) Pohang (a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)


カザフスタン共和国

ja-pos

カザフスタン きょうわこく

カザフスタン共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Kazafusutan Kyōwakoku)

カザフスタン共和国 (canonical)
Kazafusutan Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From カザフスタン (Kazafusutan, “Kazakhstan”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

com

Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kazakhstan#English:_Q232

Republic of Kazakhstan (official name of Kazakhstan, a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


我孫子

Abiko (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


忠清南道

ja-pos

^ちゅうせい ^なんだう

忠(ちゅう)清(せい)南(なん)道(どう) • (Chūsei Nandō) ^(←ちゅうせいなんだう (Tyuusei Nandau)?)

忠(チュン)清(チョン)南(ナム)道(ド) • (Chunchon Namudo)

忠清南道 (canonical)
Chūsei Nandō (romanization)
Tyuusei Nandau (romanization)
ちゅうせいなんだう (hiragana historical)
忠清南道 (canonical)
Chunchon Namudo (romanization)

South Chungcheong
w:South Chungcheong Province

South Chungcheong (a province of South Korea)


忠清北道

^ちゅうせい ^ほくだう

忠(ちゅう)清(せい)北(ほく)道(どう) • (Chūsei Hokudō) ^(←ちゅうせいほくだう (Tyuusei Fokudau)?)

忠(チュン)清(チョン)北(プク)道(ト) • (Chunchon Pukuto)

忠(チュン)清(チョン)北(プク)道(ド) • (Chunchon Pukudo)

忠清北道 (canonical)
Chūsei Hokudō (romanization)
Tyuusei Fokudau (romanization)
ちゅうせいほくだう (hiragana historical)
忠清北道 (canonical)
Chunchon Pukuto (romanization)
忠清北道 (canonical)
Chunchon Pukudo (romanization)

North Chungcheong
w:North Chungcheong Province

North Chungcheong (a province of South Korea)


南浦

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 목포(木浦) (Mokpo).


新義州

新義州 (canonical)
Shingishū (romanization)

[ɕĩŋʲɡʲiɕɨː]

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 신의주(新義州) (Sinuiju).


開城

ja-pos

開(かい)城(じょう) • (Kaijō) ^(←かいじやう (Kaizyau)?)

開城 (canonical)
Kaijō (romanization)
Kaizyau (romanization)
かいじやう (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 개성(開城) (gaeseong).


松林

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 송림(松林) (songnim).


松林

[sõ̞n̺ɾʲimɯ̟]


咸鏡南道

ja-pos

^かんきゃう ^なんだう

咸(かん)鏡(きょう)南(なん)道(どう) • (Kankyō Nandō) ^(←かんきゃうなんだう (Kankyau Nandau)?)

咸(ハム)鏡(ギョン)南(ナム)道(ド) • (Hamugyon Namudo)

咸鏡南道 (canonical)
Kankyō Nandō (romanization)
Kankyau Nandau (romanization)
かんきゃうなんだう (hiragana historical)
咸鏡南道 (canonical)
Hamugyon Namudo (romanization)

South Hamgyong
w:South Hamgyong Province

South Hamgyong (a province of North Korea)


咸鏡北道

^かんきやう ^ほくだう

咸(かん)鏡(きょう)北(ほく)道(どう) • (Kankyō Hokudō) ^(←かんきやうほくだう (Kankyau Fokudau)?)

咸(ハム)鏡(ギョン)北(プク)道(ト) • (Hamugyon Pukuto)

咸(ハム)鏡(ギョン)北(プク)道(ド) • (Hamugyon Pukudo)

咸鏡北道 (canonical)
Kankyō Hokudō (romanization)
Kankyau Fokudau (romanization)
かんきやうほくだう (hiragana historical)
咸鏡北道 (canonical)
Hamugyon Pukuto (romanization)
咸鏡北道 (canonical)
Hamugyon Pukudo (romanization)

North Hamgyong (a province of North Korea)


平安北道

平(へい)安(あん)北(ほく)道(どう) • (Heian Hokudō) ^(←へいあんほくだう (Feian Fokudau)?)

平安北道 (canonical)
Heian Hokudō (romanization)
Feian Fokudau (romanization)
へいあんほくだう (hiragana historical)
平安北道 (canonical)
Pyon'an Pukuto (romanization)
平安北道 (canonical)
Pyon'an Pukudo (romanization)

North Pyongan (a province of North Korea)


平安南道

平(へい)安(あん)南(なん)道(どう) • (Heian Nandō) ^(←へいあんなんだう (Feian Nandau)?)

平安南道 (canonical)
Heian Nandō (romanization)
Feian Nandau (romanization)
へいあんなんだう (hiragana historical)
平安南道 (canonical)
Pyon'an Namudo (romanization)

South Pyongan (a province of North Korea)


カリホルニヤ

[ka̠ɾʲiho̞ɾɯ̟ɲ̟ija̠]

1932 July 15, 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], number 11729, page 3:

カリホルニヤの夏空に

カリフォルニア カリフォルニア#Japanese

obsolete form of カリフォルニア (Kariforunia) (= California), a state of the United States


メーリーランド

メーリーランド • (Mērīrando)

[me̞ːɾʲiːɾã̠ndo̞]

メリーランド メリーランド#Japanese

obsolete form of メリーランド (Merīrando) (= Maryland), a state of the United States


黄海北道

^くゎうかい ^ほくだう

黄(こう)海(かい)北(ほく)道(どう) • (Kōkai Hokudō) ^(←くゎうかいほくだう (Kwaukai Fokudau)?)

黄海北道 (canonical)
Kōkai Hokudō (romanization)
Kwaukai Fokudau (romanization)
くゎうかいほくだう (hiragana historical)
黄海北道 (canonical)
Fanhe Pukuto (romanization)
黄海北道 (canonical)
Fanhe Pukudo (romanization)

North Hwanghae
w:North Hwanghae Province

North Hwanghae (a province of North Korea)


黄海南道

^くゎうかい ^なんだう

黄(こう)海(かい)南(なん)道(どう) • (Kōkai Nandō) ^(←くゎうかいなんだう (Kwaukai Nandau)?)

黄海南道 (canonical)
Kōkai Nandō (romanization)
Kwaukai Nandau (romanization)
くゎうかいなんだう (hiragana historical)
黄海南道 (canonical)
Fanhe Namudo (romanization)

South Hwanghae
w:South Hwanghae Province

South Hwanghae (a province of North Korea)


旅順

Kwantung Leased Territory
Kwantung Leased Territory#English

(historical) Ryojun (a region of Kwantung Leased Territory, China)


鹿嶋

Kashima (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


室蘭

[mɯ̟ɾo̞ɾã̠ɴ]


夕張

Yūbari (a city in Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

Yūbari (a district of Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


留萌

Certainly from Ainu, but further details are unclear and disputed.

Rumoi (a city in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan).


苫小牧

苫小牧 (canonical)
Tomakomai (romanization)


美唄

Either from Ainu ピパイ (pipai), meaning "mussel shell"; Ainu ピパ オマ ナイ (pipa oma nai), meaning "river of mussel shells"; or Ainu ピパ オ イ (pipa o i), meaning "place of many mussel shells".

Bibai (a city in Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


江別

Like many place names in Hokkaido, especially those ending in -betsu (from Ainu ペッ (pet, “river”)), from Ainu. There are multiple theories on the exact etymon, for example イェペッ (yepet, “purulent river”).

Ebetsu (a city in Ishikari subprefecture, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan).


赤平

Ainu [Term?]. The exact original Ainu term and its meaning are disputed.

Akabira (a city in Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


紋別

Derived from Ainu モペッ (mopet), from Ainu モ (mo, “quiet”) + Ainu ペッ (pet, “river”).

Monbetsu (a city in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


名寄

Nayoro (a city in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


三笠

Mikasa (a city in Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

Mikasa (a train station in Mikasa, Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

Mikasa (a train station in Karuizawa, Kitasaku district, Nagano Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Mikasa (a town in Izumi district, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Mikasa (a village in Ogasa district, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


深川

Fukagawa (a city in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


五所川原

五(ご)所(しょ)川(がわ)原(ら) • (Goshogawara) ^(←ごしよがはら (Gosyogafara)?)

五所川原 (canonical)
Goshogawara (romanization)
Gosyogafara (romanization)
ごしよがはら (hiragana historical)

[ɡo̞ɕo̞ɡa̠β̞a̠ɾa̠]

Goshogawara (a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan)


釜石

Kamaishi (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)


遠野

Tōno (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)

Tōno (a railway station in Tōno, Iwate Prefecture, Japan)

a town in Kamihei district, Iwate Prefecture, Japan

a town in Iwaki district, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan


仙北

Senboku (a city in Akita Prefecture, Japan)


新庄

Shinjō (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


寒河江

Sagae (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


土浦

[t͡sɨt͡ɕiɯ̟ɾa̠]

Tsuchiura (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


取手

Toride (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


大田原

大(おお)田(た)原(わら) • (Ōtawara) ^(←おほたはら (Ofotafara)?)

大(おお)田(た)原(はら) • (Ōtahara) ^(←おほたはら (Ofotafara)?)

大田原 (canonical)
Ōtawara (romanization)
Ofotafara (romanization)
おほたはら (hiragana historical)
大田原 (canonical)
Ōtahara (romanization)
Ofotafara (romanization)
おほたはら (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 大田原 (Dàtiányuán)

[o̞ːta̠β̞a̠ɾa̠]

Ōtawara (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


春日部

Kasukabe (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


入間

Iruma (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)

Iruma (a district of Saitama Prefecture, Japan)

Iruma (a village in Iruma district, Saitama Prefecture, Japan)

Iruma (a village in Gujō district, Gifu Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Iruma (a prefecture of Japan)


和光

Wakō (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


富士見

Fujimi (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


匝瑳

匝瑳 (canonical)
Sōsa (romanization)
Safusa (romanization)
さふさ (hiragana historical)

Sōsa (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


飯能

飯能 (canonical)
Hannō (romanization)
Fannou (romanization)
はんのう (hiragana historical)

Hannō (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


東村山

東村山 (canonical)
Higashimurayama (romanization)

Compound of 東(ひがし) (higashi, “east”) + 村(むら) (mura, “village”) + 山(やま) (yama, “mountain”).

ja-com

Higashimurayama (a city in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)

Higashimurayama (a district of Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


逗子

Zushi (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


秦野

Hadano (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


厚木

Atsugi (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


南足柄

南足柄 (canonical)
Minamiashigara (romanization)


柏崎

柏崎 (canonical)
Kashiwazaki (romanization)

Kashiwazaki (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


上越

ja-pos

上(じょう)越(えつ) • (Jōetsu) ^(←じやうゑつ (Zyauwetu)?)

上越 (canonical)
Jōetsu (romanization)
Zyauwetu (romanization)
じやうゑつ (hiragana historical)

上(じょう) (Jō, Clipping of 上野 (“Kōzuke Province”)) + 越(えつ) (Etsu, Clipping of 越後 (“Echigo Province”))

ja-compound

Clipping of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">上野</i> (“Kōzuke Province”)

Clipping of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">越後</i> (“Echigo Province”)

[d͡ʑo̞ːe̞t͡sɨ]

Jōetsu (a traditional region in eastern region in Japan, composed of the prefectures of Gunma and Niigata)


上越

Clipping of 上越後 (Kami Echigo, “Upper Echigo”)

clip

[d͡ʑo̞ːe̞t͡sɨ]

(~地方) Jōetsu region (a traditional region of Niigata Prefecture, Japan)

(~市) Jōetsu (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


魚津

Uozu (a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan)


七尾

Nanao (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


輪島

Wajima (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


珠洲

Suzu (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan).


敦賀

[t͡sɨɾɯ̟ɡa̠]

Tsuruga (a city in Fukui Prefecture, Japan)


大月

Ōtsuki (places in Japan):
a city in Yamanashi Prefecture.

a region of Sakuragawa, Ibaraki Prefecture.

Ōtsuki (places in Japan):
a region of Mizuho, Gifu Prefecture.

Ōtsuki (places in Japan):
a region of Ōno, Fukui Prefecture.

a region of Eiheiji, Yoshida district, Fukui Prefecture.

a region of Ōtsuki, Yamanashi Prefecture.

a region of Inunohaka, Ichiba, Awa, Tokushima Prefecture.


大月

Ōzuki (regions in Niigata Prefecture, Japan):


甲州

ja-pos

甲(こう)州(しゅう) • (Kōshū)

Compound of 甲 (Clipping of 甲斐 (“Kai Province”)) + 州 (shū, “province”)

com+

Clipping of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">甲斐</i> (“Kai Province”)

(~市) Kōshū (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Short for 甲斐国 (Kai no kuni, “Kai Province, a feudal province of Japan”).


小諸

Komoro (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


大垣

Ōgaki (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


各務原

ja-pos

各務原(かかみがはら) or 各務原(かがみがはら) or 各務原(かがみはら) or 各務原(かかみはら) • (Kakamigahara or Kagamigahara or Kagamihara or Kakamihara)

各務原 (canonical)
各務原 (canonical)
各務原 (canonical)
各務原 (canonical)
Kakamigahara (romanization)
Kagamigahara (romanization)
Kagamihara (romanization)
Kakamihara (romanization)

See 各務原市 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ʲᵃ

pedia

Kakamigahara (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


沼津

Numazu (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


熱海

The original name of the place, 阿(あ)多(た)美(み) (Atami), was changed to 熱海(あたみ) (Atami) (lit., "hot sea") by the Edo period because of the hot springs in this area.

Atami (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


磐田

Iwata (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


掛川

Kakegawa (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


御殿場

Gotemba (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


袋井

[ɸɯ̟kɯ̟ɾo̞i]

Fukuroi (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


春日井

ja-pos

春日井(かすがい) • (Kasugai) ^(←かすがゐ (Kasugawi)?)

春日井 (canonical)
Kasugai (romanization)
Kasugawi (romanization)
かすがゐ (hiragana historical)

The region that is now northern Aichi prefecture was originally called 春部郡 (Kasukabe-gun); compare 春日部(かすかべ) (Kasukabe). In 1880 it was divided into 東春日井・西春日井, East Kasugai and West Kasugai. Compare also Old Japanese 春日 (Kasuga).

Short for 春日井市 (Kasugai-shi): a city in northwestern Aichi Prefecture


小牧

Komaki (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


岩倉

[iβ̞a̠kɯ̟ɾa̠]

Iwakura (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


日進

日 (“day”) + 進 (“to advance; to progress”)

af

Nisshin (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)

Nisshin (a town in Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Japan)

Nisshin (a town in Kawasaki, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


松阪

Matsusaka (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


桑名

[kɯ̟β̞a̠na̠]

Kuwana (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


名張

Nabari (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


草津

Kusatsu (a city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


城陽

ja-pos

城(じょう)陽(よう) • (Jōyō) ^(←じやうやう (Zyauyau)?)

城陽 (canonical)
Jōyō (romanization)
Zyauyau (romanization)
じやうやう (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑo̞ːjo̞ː]

Jōyō (a city in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)


貝塚

貝(かい)塚(づか) • (Kaizuka) ^(←かひづか (Kafiduka)?)

貝塚 (canonical)
Kaizuka (romanization)
Kafiduka (romanization)
かひづか (hiragana historical)

From 貝(かい) (kai) + 塚(つか) (tsuka). The tsuka changes to zuka as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Kaizuka (a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


茨木

Ibaraki (a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


箕面

箕面(みのお) • (Minō)

Minoh (a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


相生

相生 (canonical)
Aioi (romanization)
Afiofi (romanization)
あひおひ (hiragana historical)

Aioi (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


龍野

Tatsuno (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


大和高田

大和高田 (canonical)
Yamatotakada (romanization)

Yamatotakada (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


大和郡山

大和郡山 (canonical)
Yamatokōriyama (romanization)

Yamatokōriyama (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


橿原

Kashihara (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


生駒

Ikoma (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


香芝

Kashiba (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


葛城

Katsuragi (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


新宮

Shingū (a city in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan)


米子

Yonago (a city in Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


江津

Gōtsu (a city in Shimane Prefecture, Japan)


津山

Tsuyama (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)


三次

Miyoshi (a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


宇和島

Uwajima (a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan).


香美

Kami (a city in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan)


久留米

→ Chinese: 久留米 (Jiǔliúmǐ)

→ English: Kurume

→ Korean: 구루미 (gurumi)

Kurume (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


宗像

宗像市

宗像大社/神社

宗像三女神

Munakata (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


太宰府

Dazaifu (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


福津

Fukutsu (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


嘉麻

Kama (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


唐津

Karatsu (a city in Saga Prefecture, Japan)


唐津

[tã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]


五島

五島 (canonical)
Gotō (romanization)
Gotau (romanization)
ごたう (hiragana historical)


人吉

Hitoyoshi (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


荒尾

Arao (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


玉名

Tamana (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


山鹿

Yamaga (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


宇土

Uto (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


上天草

上天草 (canonical)
Kamiamakusa (romanization)

Kamiamakusa (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


阿蘇

Aso (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


合志

Kōshi (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


天草

Compound of 天 (ama, “heavens”) + 草 (kusa, “grass, plant”).
The surname likely comes from the place name, the derivation of which is uncertain. Theories include:
* Named for the 海人 (ama, “sea people”) 草 (kusa, “tribe”) that lived in the archipelago in the region, as reported in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE)
* Named for the 甘草 (kanzō, “licorice”, literally “sweet grass”, alternative reading amakusa) harvested in the area
* Shift from 馬草 (makusa, umakusa, literally “horse grass”) from grazing areas in the region

compound

Amakusa (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


日南

Nichinan (a city in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan)

Nichinan (a town in Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


西之表

西之表 (canonical)
Nishinoomote (romanization)

Nishinoomote (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


垂水

Tarumizu (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


奄美

Amami (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


宮古島

宮古島 (canonical)
Miyakojima (romanization)

From 宮古 (Miyako) + 島 (-shima, “island”). The shima changes to jima as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Miyakojima (a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


筑紫野

筑紫野 (canonical)
Chikushino (romanization)

Chikushino (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


稚内

From Ainu ヤㇺ ワッカ ナイ (yam wakka nai, “cold water river”).

bor

Wakkanai (a city in Sōya subprefecture, on the north coast of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


歌志内

歌志内 (canonical)
Utashinai (romanization)

According to one theory, the name was from a corruption of Ainu オタ ウㇱ ナイ (ota ut nai), meaning "river attached with sand", then misheard as オタシナイ (Otashinai), until its current form.

Utashinai (a city in Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

Utashinai (a train station in Utashinai, Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


彦根

Hikone (a city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


寝屋川

Neyagawa (a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


安来

Yasugi (a city in Shimane Prefecture, Japan)


西条

Saijō (a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


四国中央

四国中央 (canonical)
Shikokuchūō (romanization)


岩国

[iβ̞a̠kɯ̟ɲ̟i]

Iwakuni (a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan)


チャタヌーガ

[t͡ɕa̠ta̠nɯ̟ːɡa̠]


ハイチ共和国

ハイチ共和国 (canonical)
Haichi Kyōwakoku (romanization)

ハイチ (Haichi, “Haiti”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)


アルバ

Aruba (an island, dependent territory, and constituent country of the Netherlands, in the Caribbean Sea)


ハルビン

[ha̠ɾɯ̟bʲĩɴ]

Either borrowed from English Harbin or Mandarin 哈爾濱 /哈尔滨 (Hā'ěrbīn), both ultimately from Manchu ᡥᠠᡵᠪᡳᠨ (harbin, literally “drying fishnets”).

der

Harbin (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Heilongjiang, in northeastern China)


ナイジャ

From English Niger. Doublet of ニジェール (Nijēru).


ニジェール共和国

ja-pos

ニジェール きょうわこく

ニジェール共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Nijēru Kyōwakoku)

ニジェール共和国 (canonical)
Nijēru Kyōwakoku (romanization)

ニジェール (Nijēru, “Niger”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

com

Republic of the Niger
Republic of the Niger


山寺

山 (yama, “mountain”) + 寺 (tera, “temple”)

a mountain temple (temple on a mountain)


揚羽

Compound of 揚(あ)げ (age, “raising”) + 羽(は) (ha, “feather”)

ja-compound

a neighbourhood of Chikusaku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan


イリュリア

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

(historical) Illyria (a vaguely-defined geographic region in Southeast Europe in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula, approximately coincident with modern Albania)

(historical) Illyria, Illyricum (a much larger former province of the Roman Empire, covering the whole of Dalmatia and Pannonia, existing from 27 BC to c. 70 AD and reconstituted in 293 AD by Diocletian)


南ア

南アフリカ 南アフリカ#Japanese

contraction of 南アフリカ (Minami Afurika): South Africa (a country in Southern Africa)


ジパング

From Italian Zipangu, Marco Polo's rendition of the toponym.


フランドル

[ɸɯ̟ɾã̠ndo̞ɾɯ̟]

administrative region
administrative region

Flanders (a historical region and modern administrative region in the north of Belgium, consisting of the Dutch-speaking area of Belgium)

Flanders (a historical county and cultural region of Western Europe, at its maximum covering most of Belgium, parts of northeast France, and a corner of the Netherlands; in full, County of Flanders)


ジブラルタル

[d͡ʑibɯ̟ɾa̠ɾɯ̟ta̠ɾɯ̟]

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)


トッテナム

Tottenham (a suburban area in northern London)


ムンバイ

Mumbai (a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India)


コルカタ

Kolkata (the capital city of West Bengal, India)


イスタンブール

[isɨ̥tã̠mbɯ̟ːɾɯ̟]

Istanbul (a city and province of Turkey)


デリー

ja-pos

デリー • (Derī)

Borrowing from English Delhi, ultimately from Urdu دہلی (dihlī, dehlī).

Delhi (a megacity and union territory of India, containing the national capital New Delhi)


デリー

デリー • (Derī)

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English


シュメール

Via English Sumer, ultimately from Akkadian 𒋗𒈨𒊒 (Šumeru).

Sumer (a historical region occupied by the earliest known ancient civilization of the ancient Near East (4th to 3rd millennia BC), located in lower Mesopotamia in modern southern Iraq)


メソポタミア

(historical) Mesopotamia (a geographic region in southwest Asia, spanning from the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, located in modern Iraq, eastern Syria, and southeast Turkey; the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of man)

(historical) Mesopotamia (a former province of the Roman Empire, existing from 116 to 117 AD and again from 198 to 637 AD)


六本木

[ɾo̞p̚põ̞ŋʲɡʲi]

Literally "six trees", generally considered to be in reference to six old zelkovas that used to stand in the area.


伽藍

(Buddhism) Short for 僧伽藍摩 (sōgaranma, “a Buddhist temple or monastery”).


ベツレヘム

Betsurehemu (romanization)
ワィフレエム (alternative)


東郷

東(とう)郷(ごう) • (Tōgō)

Tōgō (a town in Aichi district, Aichi Prefecture, Japan)

Tōgō (a former town in Satsuma district, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, now part of the city of Satsumasendai)

Tōgō (a former town in Higashiusuki district, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, now part of the city of Hyūga)

Tōgō (a former town in Tōhaku district, Tottori Prefecture, Japan, now part of the town of Yurihama)

Tōgō (a brackish lake in the town of Yurihama, Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


イスラエル国

イスラエル国 (canonical)
Isuraerukoku (romanization)

[isɨɾa̠e̞ɾɯ̟ko̞kɯ̟]

From イスラエル (Isuraeru, “Israel”) + 国 (-koku, “state”).

suf

State of Israel
State of Israel#English:_Q801

State of Israel (official name of Israel, a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


ティフリス

Tbilisi (the capital city of the country of Georgia)


チェルノブイリ

[t͡ɕe̞ɾɯ̟no̞bɯ̟iɾʲi]


ヨエンスー

ja-pos

ヨエンスー • (Yoensū)


ロヴァニエミ

Finnish Rovaniemi (literally “cape of forested eskers”)

bor

Rovaniemi (a city and municipality of Lapland, Finland)


エスポー

ja-pos

エスポー • (Esupō)


南詔

(historical) Nanzhao (a kingdom that flourished in present-day Yunnan, China, between 739 and 902 CE.)


スーダン共和国

スーダン共和国 (canonical)
Sūdan Kyōwakoku (romanization)

スーダン (Sūdan, “Sudan”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)


ウェストバージニア

West Virginia
West Virginia#English:_Q1371

West Virginia (a state of the United States)

ja:ウェストバージニア州


インディアナポリス

ja:インディアナポリス (曖昧さ回避)


華州

華州 (canonical)
Kashū (romanization)
Kwasiu (romanization)
くわしう (hiragana historical)

Apparently an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 華州／华州 (Huázhōu), Cantonese 華州／华州 (waa6 zau1).

zh-m

華州／华州 (Huázhōu)

(historical) Washington (a state of the United States)


クイーンズ

ja-pos

クイーンズ • (Kuīnzu)

Queens (a borough of New York City, New York, United States, one of five, situated on Long Island, north of Brooklyn, west of Nassau county)

ja:クイーンズ (曖昧さ回避)


テッサリア

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Θεσσαλία (Thessalía).

lbor

1988 July 30 [1985 July 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “アン子(こ) 大(おお)いに怒(いか)る （赤(あか)毛(げ)のアン子(こ) 改(かい)題(だい)） [When Anko Really Gets Mad (originally titled Redheaded Anko)]”, in 宇宙船製造法 [How to Build a Spaceship] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 3), 6th edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 71:

Anko. As for the mysterious power you displayed…. It’s of a kind that has been running in your mother’s bloodline for generations since ancient times. Your ancestors seem to have come from Thessaly, Greece. They immigrated to Salem, America in the 18th century. That bloodline… basically it was…. A noted line of true witches.

アン子。きみがみせたふしぎな力はね…。きみのおかあさんの家系に、遠い昔から代だい受けつがれてきた血すじによるものだ。御先祖は、ギリシアのテッサリア地方の出らしい。18世紀にアメリカのサレムに移住している。この家系は、………つまりなんというか………。ゆいしょ正しい魔女の名門なんだよ。

Anko. Kimi ga miseta fushigi na chikara wa ne…. Kimi no okāsan no kakei ni, tōi mukashi kara daidai uketsugarete kita chisuji ni yoru mono da. Go-senzo wa, Girishia no Tessaria chihō no de rashii. Jūhasseiki ni Amerika no Saremu ni ijū shite iru. Kono kakei wa,………tsumari nan to iu ka………. Yuisho tadashii majo no meimon na n da yo.

Thessaly (a region in north-central Greece)


ゴア

ゴアで開かれた BRICS 首脳会議


ウッタル・プラデーシュ

[ɯ̟t̚ta̠ɾɯ̟ pɯ̟ɾa̠de̞ːɕɨ]

Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh#English:_Q1498

Uttar Pradesh (a state in northern India)


羅生門

ja-pos

羅(ら)生(しょう)門(もん) or 羅生門(らせいもん) • (Rashōmon or Raseimon)

羅生門 (canonical)
羅生門 (canonical)
Rashōmon (romanization)
Raseimon (romanization)

[ɾa̠ɕo̞ːmõ̞ɴ]

[ɾa̠se̞ːmõ̞ɴ]

羅生門葛

羅生門葛 ラショウモンカズラ

Alternative form of 羅城門 (“Rajōmon gate”)


マンハッタン

Manhattan (a borough and island in New York City, New York, United States)


マチュピチュ

[ma̠t͡ɕɨpʲit͡ɕɨ]

Machu Picchu (ancient Incan city and archaeological site in Peru)


平昌

[pʲõ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕã̠ɴ]


平昌

平(へい)昌(しょう) • (Heishō) ^(←へいしやう (Feisyau)?)

平昌 (canonical)
Heishō (romanization)
Feisyau (romanization)
へいしやう (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 평창(平昌) (pyeongchang).

obor

(dated) Pyeongchang (a county of South Korea)


大日本帝国

ja-pos

大(だい)日(にっ)本(ぽん)帝(てい)国(こく) • (Dainippon Teikoku)

大日本帝国 (canonical)
Dainippon Teikoku (romanization)

desc

→ Chinese: 大日本帝國 /大日本帝国 (Dà Rìběn Dìguó)

대일본제국(大日本帝國)

→ Korean: 대일본제국(大日本帝國) (daeilbonjeguk)

l/vi/Hani

大日本帝國 (Đại Nhật Bản Đế quốc)

vi-l

大日本帝國 (Đại Nhật Bản Đế quốc)

→ Vietnamese: 大日本帝國 (Đại Nhật Bản Đế quốc)

From 大日本(だいにっぽん) (dainippon, “Japan”, poetic) + 帝国(ていこく) (teikoku, “empire”). Use of 大 for a name of empire is a Chinese tradition since the Tang dynasty.

ja-com

Constitution of the Empire of Japan
w:Constitution of the Empire of Japan

Empire of Japan (official name of Japan under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, 1890–1947)


タヒチ

French Polynesia
French Polynesia#English

Tahiti (the largest island in French Polynesia)


賀茂

any of various places in Japan
a city in Niigata Prefecture

any of various places in Japan
a town in Hiroshima Prefecture

any of various places in Japan
a town in Okayama Prefecture

any of various places in Japan
a town in Shimane Prefecture

any of various places in Japan
a town in Tokushima Prefecture

any of various places in Japan
a town in Yamagata Prefecture

any of various places in Japan
a district (gun) in Gifu Prefecture

any of various places in Japan
a district (gun) in Niigata Prefecture

a neighborhood of Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture


サガレン

(obsolete) Saghalien, Sakhalin (an island today in Russia and formerly claimed by Japan)


トランシルヴァニア

Transylvania (a historical region in western Romania)

ja:トランシルヴァニア


アンゴラ共和国

ja-pos

アンゴラ共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Angora Kyōwakoku)

アンゴラ共和国 (canonical)
Angora Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From アンゴラ (Angora, “Angola”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).


中央アフリカ

中央アフリカ (canonical)
Chūō Afurika (romanization)

From 中央 (chūō, “center”) + アフリカ (Afurika, “Africa”).

中央アフリカ共和国 中央アフリカ共和国#Japanese

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English:_Q929

Short for 中央アフリカ共和国 (Chūō Afurika Kyōwakoku): Central African Republic (a country in Central Africa)


沙市

Shashi (a district of Jingzhou, Hubei, China)

(obsolete) Seattle (a city in Washington, United States)


沙市

ja-pos

沙市(シヤトル) or 沙市(シアトル) • (Shiyatoru or Shiatoru)

沙市 (canonical)
沙市 (canonical)
Shiyatoru (romanization)
Shiatoru (romanization)

1933, 夢野久作, 暗黒公使 (Dāku Minisutā) [Dark Minister]:

過般来船内にチブス患者発生したるため、横浜に停船を命ぜられおりし沙市行客船コロラド丸は一昨十二日解禁されたるを以て今十四日午後六時出帆、定期航路に就く事となれり。

Kahanrai sennai ni chibusu kanja hassei shitaru tame, Yokohama ni teisen o meizerareorishi Shiyatoru-yuki kyakusen Kororado-maru wa issaku jū-ni-nichi kaikin saretaru o motte kon-jū-yon-nichi gogo rokuji shuppan, teiki kōro ni tsuku koto to nareri.

沙市の加藤安一氏監督

加藤安一氏監督 かとうやす○しかんとく

沙市日本人野球團

日本人野球團 にほんじんやきうだん

obsolete spelling of シヤトル (Shiyatoru) and シアトル (Shiatoru) (= Seattle), a city in Washington, United States


魯西亜

Borrowing from Russian Росси́я (Rossíja). Cited since at least 1839.
The spelling is ateji (当て字), current in 1855 when this spelling was used in the title of the 日本国魯西亜国通好条約 (Nippon-koku Roshia-koku Tsūkō Jōyaku, “Treaty of Peace and Amity between the Country of Japan and the Country of Russia”, commonly known as the Treaty of Shimoda).
The spelling was officially discontinued in 1877 after diplomatic pressure from Russia to change the spelling, out of concern that the initial 魯 (ro) character expressed a sense of foolish. However, the newer kanji spelling 露西亜 uses 露 (ro) as the first character, and this was chosen for its sense of dew, from the political metaphor that the morning dew will disappear as the sun rises, wherein "sun" refers to Japan.
The use of 西亜 to spell the latter portion is likely influenced by Chinese phonetics, and historical use of these characters to spell out the -siya portion of Rossiya in sources such as a bible translated into Chinese in 1864.

lang

ユーラシア研究所ブックレット編集委員会

ユーラシア研究所ブックレット編集委員会

dated spelling of ロシア: Russia (a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)

Daijirin
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru
Treaty of Shimoda


コリントス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Κόρινθος (Kórinthos)


パース

ja-pos

パース • (Pāsu)

Western Australia
Western Australia#English


パルテノン

[pa̠ɾɯ̟te̞nõ̞ɴ]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Παρθενών (Parthenṓn)

lbor

パルテノン神殿


ヴァンクーヴァー

ja-pos

ヴァンクーヴァー • (Vankūvā)

[bã̠ŋkɯ̟ːba̠ː]

バンクーバー バンクーバー#Japanese

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

Vancouver (a seaport, the largest city in British Columbia, Canada)

バンクーバー バンクーバー#Japanese

Vancouver (a city, the county seat of Clark County, Washington, United States)


リヴァプール

ja:リヴァプール (曖昧さ回避)

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

Liverpool (a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, an important seaport in the United Kingdom, and once one of the biggest in the world)

Liverpool (a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia)

Liverpool (a community in Nova Scotia, Canada)

Liverpool (a village in Onondaga County, New York, United States)

Liverpool (a small borough of Perry County, Pennsylvania, United States)


バーボン

ja-noun

バーボン • (bābon)

バーボン・ウイスキー バーボン・ウイスキー#Japanese

Short for バーボン・ウイスキー (bābon uisukī, “bourbon whiskey”); bourbon


バーボン

ja-pos

バーボン • (Bābon)

From English Bourbon, from French Bourbon.


マラトン

[ma̠ɾa̠tõ̞ɴ]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Μαραθών (Marathṓn)


マラトーン

[ma̠ɾa̠tõ̞ːɴ]

Alternative form of マラトン (Maraton, “Marathon (a town in Attica, Greece)”)


ウガンダ共和国

ja-pos

ウガンダ共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Uganda Kyōwakoku)

From ウガンダ (“Uganda”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).


新橋

Compound of 新(しん) (shin, “new”) + 橋(はし) (hashi, “bridge”). The hashi changes to bashi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

com-ja

a former bridge over the Nagahori River in Chūō-ku, Osaka, Japan

a bridge over the Ishikari River in Asahikawa, Kamikawa subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan

a former bridge over the Shiodome River in Shinbashi district, Minato, Tokyo prefecture, Japan

a bridge's former name over the Kanda River in Nakano, Tokyo prefecture, Japan

a bridge's former name over the Motoyasu River before it was destroyed by the atomic bomb, Little Boy, during WW2 in Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan

a commercial district of Minato, Tokyo prefecture, Japan

a hanamachi in Ginza district, Chūō, Tokyo prefecture, Japan

a town in Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture, Japan

a district of Ishinomaki, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan

a district of Sakata, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan

a district of Kashiwazaki, Niigata Prefecture, Japan

a district of Tomisato, Chiba Prefecture, Japan

a district of Gotemba, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan


オーロラ

ja-pos

オーロラ • (Ōrora)


ニューブリテン

[ɲ̟ɨː bɯ̟ɾʲitẽ̞ɴ]

ニューブリテン島 ニューブリテン島#Japanese

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English

Alternative form of ニューブリテン島 (“New Britain (an island in Papua New Guinea)”)


ニューオーリンズ

ニューオーリンズ • (Nyū Ōrinzu)

From English New Orleans, from French Nouvelle-Orléans.


オーリンズ

オーリンズ • (Ōrinzu)

From English Orleans, from French Orléans. Doublet of オルレアン (Orurean).


サントメ・プリンシペ

[sa̠n to̞me̞ pɯ̟ɾʲĩɰ̃ɕi̥pe̞]

Calque of Portuguese São Tomé e Príncipe (literally “Saint Thomas and Prince”), equivalent to サントメ (San Tome, “São Tomé”) + プリンシペ (Purinshipe, “Príncipe”).

af

São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe

ja:サントメ・プリンシペ


サントメ・プリンシペ民主共和国

ja-pos

サン トメ・プリンシペ みんしゅ きょうわこく

サントメ・プリンシペ民(みん)主(しゅ)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (San Tome Purinshipe Minshu Kyōwakoku)

サントメ・プリンシペ民主共和国 (canonical)
San Tome Purinshipe Minshu Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From サントメ・プリンシペ (San Tome Purinshipe, “São Tomé and Príncipe”) + 民主 (minshu, “democracy”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe


ナンパ

Borrowed from English Nampa, from Shoshone nampai (“foot”).

Nampa (the largest city in Canyon County, Idaho, United States)


汨羅江

ja-pos

汨(べき)羅(ら)江(こう) • (Bekirakō) ^(←べきらかう (Bekirakau)?)

汨羅江 (canonical)
Bekirakō (romanization)
Bekirakau (romanization)
べきらかう (hiragana historical)

1930, “青年日本の歌”:

汨羅の淵に波騒ぎ


汨羅

汨羅 (canonical)
Bekira (romanization)
べきら (hiragana historical)

汨羅の淵に波騒ぎ 巫山の雲は乱れ飛ぶ

bekira no fuchi ni nami sawagi fuzan no kumo wa midare tobu

Angry waves swell from the depths of the Miluo
Mount Wu's peak is hazy with swirling clouds

大辞林 w:ja:大辞林

Short for 汨羅江 (Miluo River (a river in Hunan, China)).


高安

Takayasu (a place and station in Yao, Osaka Prefecture, Japan).

Takayasu (a place in Ikaruga, Ikoma district, Nara Prefecture, Japan).


高安

a place in Takahata, Higashiokitama district, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan.


高安

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 高安 (Gāo'ān).

obor

a county-level city of Yichun, Jiangxi, China.


丸の内

丸の内 (canonical)
Marunouchi (romanization)
丸ノ内 (alternative)

[ma̠ɾɯ̟no̞ɯ̟t͡ɕi]

Literally “inside the circle”, from 丸(まる) (maru, “circle”) and 内(うち) (uchi, “inside”); originally in reference to the moat surrounding the area.

Marunouchi (a neighborhood of Chiyoda, Tokyo)


壱岐

Iki (a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Iki, an old province of Japan


墨田

Sumida (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


ダルムシュタット

Darmstadt (an independent city in Hesse, Germany; the administrative seat of Darmstadt-Dieburg district)


オリュンポス

[o̞ɾʲɨ̃mpo̞sɨ]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ὄλῠμπος (Ólŭmpos)

lbor

オリンポス オリンポス#Japanese

Alternative form of オリンポス (Orinposu, “Olympus (The highest mountain in Greece)”)


オリンポス

オリンポス山

Olympus (The highest mountain in Greece)


ヨルダン・ハシミテ王国

ja-pos

ヨルダン ハシミテ おうこく

ヨルダン・ハシミテ王(おう)国(こく) • (Yorudan Hashimite Ōkoku)

ヨルダン・ハシミテ王国 (canonical)
Yorudan Hashimite Ōkoku (romanization)

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan#English:_Q810

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (official name of Jordan, a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


ブルネイ・ダルサラーム国

^ブルネイ ^ダルサラーム-こく

ブルネイ・ダルサラーム国(こく) • (Burunei Darusarāmu-koku)

ブルネイ・ダルサラーム国 (canonical)
Burunei Darusarāmu-koku (romanization)

the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace


オマーン国

オマーン国 (canonical)
Omān-koku (romanization)

From オマーン (Omān, “Oman”) + 国 (koku, “state”).

Sultanate of Oman (the official name of Oman)


ロードアイランド

Rhode Island
Rhode Island#English:_Q1387

Rhode Island (the smallest state of the United States)

ja:ロードアイランド (曖昧さ回避)


プロビデンス

Providence (the capital city of Rhode Island)


モンゴル帝国

モンゴル帝国 (canonical)
Mongoru Teikoku (romanization)

From モンゴル (Mongoru, “Mongolia”) + 帝国 (teikoku, “empire”).


牡丹峰

Borrowed from Korean 모란봉 (牡丹峰, Moranbong).

Moranbong (a hill in Pyongyang, North Korea)


常磐

ja-pos

常(じょう)磐(ばん) • (Jōban) ^(←じやうばん (Zyauban)?)

常磐 (canonical)
Jōban (romanization)
Zyauban (romanization)
じやうばん (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑo̞ːbã̠ɴ]

/d͡ʑauban/ → /d͡ʑɔːban/ → /d͡ʑoːban/
From the first kanji of the names of the provinces: the 常 (jō) of 常陸 (Hitachi), and the 磐 (ban) of 磐城 (Iwaki).

常磐自動車道

自動車道 じどうしゃどう

Jōban (a former city in southeastern Fukushima Prefecture, today merged with the city of Iwaki).


博多

Hakata (a region of Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan)

Hakata (a ward of Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan)


田駒

obsolete spelling of タコマ (= Tacoma), a city in Washington, United States


桜府

桜府 (canonical)
Ōfu (romanization)
Aufu (romanization)
あうふ (hiragana historical)

(obsolete) Sacramento (a city in California, United States)


素法県

素法県(スポーケン) • (Supōken)

1915 September 8, 旭新聞 (Asahi Shinbun) [The Asahi News], number 3240, page 4:

昨年素法縣觀光團が組織されて[…]

Sakunen Supōken kankōdan ga soshiki sarete […]

スポーケン スポーケン#Japanese

obsolete spelling of スポーケン (= Spokane), a city in Washington, United States


スポケーン

Spokane (a city in Washington, United States)


ス市

ス市ツレントアーレー

スポケーン スポケーン#Japanese

(obsolete) Short for スポケーン市 (Supokēn-shi, “Spokane (a city in Washington, United States)”).


タコマ

Tacoma (a city in Washington, United States)


ポ市

ポートランド ポートランド#Japanese

(obsolete) Short for ポートランド市 (Pōtorando-shi, “Portland (a city in Oregon, United States)”).


ポートランド

Portland (a city in Oregon, United States)


ホノルル

Honolulu (a city, the state capital of Honolulu, Hawaii, United States)

Honolulu (a county of Hawaii, United States)


落機山

落機山 (canonical)
Rokkī-san (romanization)

(obsolete) Rocky Mountains (a mountain range in the United States)


ロッキー山脈

ロッキー山脈 (canonical)
Rokkī Sanmyaku (romanization)


伊佐

Isa (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


香春

Kawara (a town in Tagawa district, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


波並

Hanami, Hanami Station (a former railway station in the town of Noto, Hōsu district, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


埴見

Hanami (a district of the city of Tohakugunyurihamacho, Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


サンマリノ

San Marino (a country in Southern Europe)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


虎ノ門

虎(とら)ノ門(もん) or 虎(とら)ノ門(もん) • (Toranomon)

虎ノ門 (canonical)
Toranomon (romanization)

Toranomon (a region of Minato, Tokyo, Japan)


厚真

Atsuma (a town in Iburi subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan)


王府

王府 (canonical)
Ōfu (romanization)
Waufu (romanization)
わうふ (hiragana historical)

1908, 丸山千曲, 亞郡同胞大勢一覽 (Agun Dōhō Taisei Ichiran), 新世界新聞王府支社:

王府地圖

1917 April 25, “王(わう)府(ふ)市(し)場(ぜう)と苺(いちご)取(とり)引(ひき) (Ōfu shijō to ichigo torihiki)”, in 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], page 8:

亞郡並に華村地方の日本人苺園より王府市場に出荷する苺は昨今四十チヤスト前後にして[…]

Agun narabi ni Wasson chihō no Nihonjin ichigo-en yori Ōfu shijō ni shukka suru ichigo wa sakkon yonjū chasuto zengo ni shite […]

(obsolete) Oakland (a city in Alameda, California, United States)


糸魚川

Itoigawa (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


モスコー

From English Moscow. Doublet of モスクワ (Mosukuwa).

unincorporated communities
unincorporated community

Moscow (a large number of unincorporated communities in the United States)


東温

Tōon (a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


築地

築地 (canonical)
Tsukiji (romanization)
Tukidi (romanization)
つきぢ (hiragana historical)


ピエモンテ

From Italian Piemonte. Doublet of ピードモント (Pīdomonto).

administrative region
administrative region

Piedmont (an administrative region in the north of Italy)


ピードモント

From English Piedmont. Doublet of ピエモンテ (Piemonte).

Piedmont (a geographic region and plateau of the eastern United States, between the Appalachian mountains and the coastal plain, extending from eastern Alabama to northern New Jersey)

Piedmont (a small city in Calhoun County and Cherokee County, Alabama, United States)

Piedmont (a city in Alameda County, California, United States)

Piedmont (a small city in Wayne County, Missouri, United States)

Kingfisher County
Kingfisher County#English

Piedmont (a city in Canadian County and Kingfisher County, Oklahoma, United States)

census-designated place
census-designated place

Greenville County
Greenville County#English

Piedmont (a census-designated place in Anderson County and Greenville County, South Carolina, United States)

Piedmont (a small city in Meade County, South Dakota, United States)

Piedmont (a small town in Mineral County, West Virginia, United States)

Les Pays-d'en-Haut
Les Pays-d'en-Haut#English

Piedmont (a small municipality of Les Pays-d'en-Haut Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada)


小雀

From 小 (ko, “small”) + 雀 (suzume, “sparrow”).

Kosuzume (a town in Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan)


ルクソール

[ɾɯ̟kɯ̟̊so̞ːɾɯ̟]


ジャージーシティ

ジャージーシティ • (Jājī Shiti)


イエローナイフ

Northwest Territories
Northwest Territories#English

Yellowknife (the capital of and only city in the Northwest Territories, Canada)


イカルイト

From English Iqaluit, from Inuktitut ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ (iqaloit).

Iqaluit (the capital city of Nunavut, Canada)


ポモナ

From English Pomona or Spanish Pomona, from Latin Pōmōna.

Los Angeles County
Los Angeles County#English

Pomona (a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States)


デンバー

デンバー • (Denbā)

Denver (a town in Miami County, Indiana)

Denver (a village in Worth County, Missouri)


ドーバー

ドーバー • (Dōbā)


スプリングフィールド

ja:スプリングフィールド

Springfield (a parish of Essex, England)

Springfield (the capital city of Illinois)

Springfield (a city in Georgia, United States)


トピカ

From English Topeka, from Kansa tó ppí k'é.

Topeka (a city, the capital city of Kansas)


南オーストラリア

南オーストラリア (canonical)
Minami Ōsutoraria (romanization)

Calque of English South Australia, equivalent to 南 (minami, “south”) + オーストラリア (Ōsutoraria, “Australia”)

af

South Australia
South Australia#English:_Q3206

South Australia (a state of Australia, located in the central southern part of the continent; a former British colony until 1901)

ja:南オーストラリア州


フランクフォート

Frankfort (the capital city of Kentucky, United States)

Frankfort (a city in Indiana, United States)


オーガスタ

Augusta (a city in Georgia, United States)

Western Australia
Western Australia#English

Augusta (a town in Western Australia, Australia)


ポートオーガスタ

ja-pos

ポートオーガスタ • (Pōto Ōgasuta)

Port Augusta (a city in South Australia, Australia)


ノースオーガスタ

ノースオーガスタ • (Nōsu Ōgasuta)

Edgefield County
Edgefield County#English

North Augusta (a city in Aiken County and Edgefield County, South Carolina, United States)

ja:ノースオーガスタ (サウスカロライナ州)


アナポリス

Anne Arundel County
Anne Arundel County#English

Annapolis (the capital city of Maryland, United States and the county seat of Anne Arundel County, Maryland)


アナポリス

Anápolis (a municipality of Goiás, Brazil)


セントポール

From English Saint Paul. Doublet of サン゠ポール (San-Pōru), サンパウロ (San Pauro), and サン・パブロ (San Paburo).

doublet

Saint Paul (the capital city of Minnesota)

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda#English

Saint Paul (a parish of Antigua and Barbuda)


サン・パブロ

From Spanish San Pablo (literally “Saint Paul”). Doublet of サンパウロ (San Pauro), サン゠ポール (San-Paul), and セントポール (Sento Pōru).


ジェファーソンシティ

ja:ジェファーソンシティ (ミズーリ州)


ジェファーソン

ja-pos

ジェファーソン • (Jefāson)

Jefferson (a city in Georgia, United States)


ジェファーソンタウン

ジェファーソンタウン • (Jefāsontaun)

Jeffersontown (a city in Kentucky, United States)

ja:ジェファーソンタウン (ケンタッキー州)


ポートリンカーン

ポートリンカーン • (Pōto Rinkān)

Port Lincoln (a city in South Australia, Australia)


カーソンシティ

ja:カーソンシティ (ネバダ州)


カーソン

カーソン • (Kāson)

Carson (a mountain range in California and Nevada)


ノーザンテリトリー

Northern Territory
Northern Territory#English:_Q3235

Northern Territory (a territory covering northern and north-central Australia)

ja:ノーザンテリトリー


トレントン

Trenton (the capital city of New Jersey)

Trenton (a city in Georgia, United States)


ローリー

ローリー • (Rōrī)

Raleigh (the capital city of North Carolina)


コロンバス

Columbus (a city in Georgia, United States)


オクラホマ

Oklahoma (a state in the central United States, formerly a territory)

ja:オクラホマ (曖昧さ回避)


オクラホマシティ

Oklahoma City (a city, the state capital of Oklahoma, United States)


ハリスバーグ

Harrisburg (a city, the state capital of Pennsylvania)


ピア

From English Pierre, from French Pierre.

Pierre (a city, the state capital of South Dakota, United States)


ナッシュビル

ja:ナッシュビル (曖昧さ回避)

Nashville (the capital city of Tennessee)

Nashville (a city in Georgia, United States)


オースティン

オースティン • (Ōsutin)

ja:オースティン (曖昧さ回避)

Austin (a neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois)


ソルトレイクシティ

[so̞ɾɯ̟to̞ ɾe̞ːkɯ̟ ɕitʲi]

Salt Lake City (a city, the state capital of Utah, United States)

ja:ソルトレイクシティ


スリランカ民主社会主義共和国

スリ ランカ みんしゅ しゃかい しゅぎ きょうわこく

スリランカ民(みん)主(しゅ)社(しゃ)会(かい)主(しゅ)義(ぎ)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Suri Ranka Minshu Shakai Shugi Kyōwakoku)

スリランカ民主社会主義共和国 (canonical)

From スリランカ (Suri Ranka, “Sri Lanka”) + 民主社会主義 (minshu shakai shugi, “democratic socialism”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka#English:_Q854

Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (official name of Sri Lanka, an island country in South Asia)


ベトナム社会主義共和国

ja-pos

ベトナム しゃかい しゅぎ きょうわこく

ベトナム社(しゃ)会(かい)主(しゅ)義(ぎ)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Betonamu Shakai Shugi Kyōwakoku)

ベトナム社会主義共和国 (canonical)
Betonamu Shakai Shugi Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From ベトナム (Betonamu, “Vietnam”) + 社会主義 (shakai shugi, “socialism”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Socialist Republic of Vietnam#English:_Q881

Socialist Republic of Vietnam (official name of Vietnam, a country in Southeast Asia)


イタリア共和国

ja-pos

イタリア共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Itaria Kyōwakoku)

イタリア共和国 (canonical)
Itaria Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From イタリア (Itaria, “Italy”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”), calque of Italian Repubblica Italiana.

af

Italian Republic
Italian Republic#English:_Q38

Italian Republic (official name of Italy, a country in Southern Europe)


チャールストン

Charleston (the capital city of West Virginia)


ノースチャールストン

North Charleston
w:North Charleston, South Carolina

North Charleston (a city in South Carolina, United States)

ja:ノースチャールストン (サウスカロライナ州)


サウスチャールストン

ja:サウスチャールストン (ウェストバージニア州)

South Charleston
South Charleston#English

South Charleston (a city in West Virginia)


マディソン

ja:マディソン (曖昧さ回避)

Madison (a city in Georgia, United States)


ブラジル連邦共和国

ja-pos

ブラジル れんぽう きょうわこく

ブラジル連(れん)邦(ぽう)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Burajiru Renpō Kyōwakoku)

ブラジル連邦共和国 (canonical)
Burajiru Renpō Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From ブラジル (Burajiru, “Brazil”) + 連邦 (renpō, “federation”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Federative Republic of Brazil#English:_Q155

Federative Republic of Brazil (official name of Brazil, a country in South America)


フレズノ

From English Fresno, from Spanish Fresno.

Fresno (a city in Fresno, California, United States)

Fresno (a county of California, United States)


イラン・イスラム共和国

ja-pos

^イラン・^イスラム ^きょうわこく

イラン・イスラム共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Iran Isuramu Kyōwakoku)

イラン・イスラム共和国 (canonical)
Iran Isuramu Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From イラン (“Iran”) + イスラム (Isuramu, “Islamic”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Islamic Republic of Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran#English:_Q794

Islamic Republic of Iran (official name of Iran, a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


アルジェリア民主人民共和国

ja-pos

アルジェリア みんしゅ じんみん きょうわこく

アルジェリア民(みん)主(しゅ)人(じん)民(みん)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Arujeria Minshu Jinmin Kyōwakoku)

アルジェリア民主人民共和国 (canonical)
Arujeria Minshu Jinmin Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From アルジェリア (Arujeria, “Algeria”) + 民主 (minshu, “democracy”) + 人民共和国 (jinmin kyōwakoku, “people's republic”).

af

People's Democratic Republic of Algeria#English:_Q262

People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (official name of Algeria, a country in North Africa)


アルヘシラス

From Spanish Algeciras, from Arabic الْجَزِيرَة (al-jazīra, literally “the island; the peninsula”).

der

Algeciras (a city and municipality of Cádiz, Andalusia, Spain)


与那国

[jo̞na̠ɡɯ̟ɲ̟i]

Yonaguni (a town and island in Yaeyama district, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan; the westmost inhabited island of Japan)


倉真

A place name, such as that of Kurawa in Kakegawa city.


カルグーリー

ja-pos

カルグーリー • (Karugūrī)


山県

Yamagata (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


ダ埼玉

ダ埼玉 (canonical)
Dasaitama (romanization)

Saitama (city)
Saitama Prefecture
Tamori

Attested since the 1980s.
Blend of ダサい (dasai, “uncool”) + 埼玉 (Saitama, “Saitama Prefecture”, or the titular capital before 2001), often attributed to Japanese comedian Tamori (Kazuyoshi Morita).

blend

1992, Aiko Sato, Rōhei wa shinazu [Old soldiers don’t die]:

「東京というのはダサイとこだ…ダサイ文化が焼酎を支えている。その源はダ埼玉にある」というようなものだそう

“Tōkyō to iu no wa dasai toko da… dasai bunka ga shōchū o sasaete-iru. Sono minamoto wa Dasaitama ni aru” to iu yō na mono da sō

They say, “Tokyo is a dasai place... dasai culture supports shochu. The fountainhead is in Dasai-tama.”

(slang, derogatory) Synonym of 埼玉 (Saitama): Saitama (a prefecture of Japan)


シャム

(historical) Siam (former name of Thailand, a country in Southeast Asia)


エチオピア連邦民主共和国

ja-pos

エチオピア れんぽう みんしゅ きょうわこく

エチオピア連(れん)邦(ぽう)民(みん)主(しゅ)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Echiopia Renpō Minshu Kyōwakoku)

エチオピア連邦民主共和国 (canonical)
Echiopia Renpō Minshu Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From エチオピア (Echiopia, “Ethiopia”) + 連邦 (renpō, “federation”) + 民主 (minshū, “democracy”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia#English:_Q115

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (official name of Ethiopia, a country in East Africa)


カルカッタ

Synonym of コルカタ (Korukata, “Kolkata”), the capital city of West Bengal, India


ソマリア連邦共和国

ja-pos

ソマリア れんぽう きょうわこく

ソマリア連(れん)邦(ぽう)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Somaria Renpō Kyōwakoku)

ソマリア連邦共和国 (canonical)
Somaria Renpō Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From ソマリア (Somaria, “Somalia”) + 連邦 (renpō, “federation”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Federal Republic of Somalia#English:_Q1045

Federal Republic of Somalia (official name of Somalia, a country in East Africa)


ヘルツェゴビナ

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Herzegovina (a historical region consisting of the southern one-fourth of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


セーヌ

ja-pos

セーヌ • (Sēnu)

セーヌ川

Seine (a major river in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Grand Est, Île-de-France and Normandy regions, France)


モントセラト

Montserrat (an island and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean)


北マケドニア

北マケドニア (canonical)
Kita Makedonia (romanization)

From 北 (kita, “north”) + マケドニア (Makedonia, “Macedonia”).

af

North Macedonia
North Macedonia#English:_Q221

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

North Macedonia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


北マケドニア共和国

ja-pos

きた マケドニア きょうわこく

北(きた)マケドニア共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Kita Makedonia Kyōwakoku)

北マケドニア共和国 (canonical)
Kita Makedonia Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From 北マケドニア (Kita Makedonia, “North Macedonia”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Republic of North Macedonia#English:_Q221

Republic of North Macedonia (official name of North Macedonia, a country in Southeast Europe)


パサルガダエ

Learned borrowing from Latin Pasargadae, from Ancient Greek Πασαργάδαι (Pasargádai).

1987 March 20 [1987 February 20], Fujiko Fujio, “カンビュセスの籤(くじ) [Cambyses’s Drawing]”, in カンビュセスの籤(くじ) [Cambyses’s Drawing] (藤子不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 1), 2nd edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第一章, page 280:

If only I could come back to Pasargadae. If only I could see the shine of those gates again…

パサルガダエに帰りつくまでは あの塔門の輝きを再びこの目でみるまでは……

Pasarugadae ni kaeritsuku made wa Ano tōmon no kagayaki o futatabi kono me de miru made wa……


肥沃な三日月地帯

ja-pos

^ひよく な ^みかづき ^ちたい

肥(ひ)沃(よく)な三(み)日(か)月(づき)地(ち)帯(たい) • (Hiyoku na Mikazuki Chitai)

肥沃な三日月地帯 (canonical)
Hiyoku na Mikazuki Chitai (romanization)

From 肥沃 (hiyoku, “fertile”) + な (na) + 三日月 (mikazuki, “crescent-shaped”) + 地帯 (chitai, “area”).

com

Fertile Crescent
Fertile Crescent#English:_Q170526

(historical) Fertile Crescent (a crescent-shaped geographic region of fertile land in the Middle East in Western Asia, stretching from present-day Iraq through eastern Turkey to Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and Palestine)


アッシリア

[a̠ɕːiɾʲia̠]

(historical) Assyria (an ancient Semitic Akkadian kingdom and at times an empire, extant from the mid-23rd century BCE to 608 BCE and centred on the Upper Tigris river in northern Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq, but at its maximum extent including parts of modern Iran, Syria, Israel, Palestine and Egypt))


ハーメルン

ハーメルンの笛吹き男


メーロス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Μῆλος (Mêlos)

lbor

Alternative form of ミロス (Mirosu, “Milos (an island in Greece)”)


カリカット

コーリコード コーリコード#Japanese

Synonym of コーリコード (Kōrikōdo, “Kozhikode”); Calicut (a city in India)


コーリコード

ja-pos

コーリコード • (Kōrikōdo)


ホーチミン市

^ホー ^チ ^ミン-し

ホーチミン市 (canonical)
Hō Chi Min-shi (romanization)

Calque of Vietnamese Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, equivalent to ホーチミン (Hō Chi Min, “Ho Chi Minh”) + 市 (-shi, “city”)

suf

Ho Chi Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City#English


フローレンス

From English Florence. Doublet of フィレンツェ (Firentse).


ロドス

ja:ロドス ja:ロドス島

Rhodes (an island in the Dodecanese, Greece, in the Aegean Sea)

a city on the island of Rhodes, Greece, and the capital of the Dodecanese


阿緱

ja-pos

阿(あ)緱(こう) or 阿緱(アコウ) • (Akō)

阿緱 (canonical)
阿緱 (canonical)
Akō (romanization)

Homophonous replacement for 阿猴 (あこう, Akō) in 1903.

ja-l/helper

阿猴 (あこう, Akō)

ja-l

阿猴 (あこう, Akō)

(historical) Akō (a subprefecture in Takao prefecture, Taiwan under Japanese rule)


バハマ国

バハマ国 (canonical)
Bahama-koku (romanization)

From バハマ (Bahama, “Bahamas”) + 国 (-koku, “country”).

suf

Commonwealth of The Bahamas#English:_Q778

Commonwealth of The Bahamas (official name of the Bahamas, an island country in the Caribbean)


ミルウォーキー

ja-pos

ミルウォーキー • (Miruwōkī)


アウシュヴィッツ

ja:アウシュヴィッツ＝ビルケナウ強制収容所


内モンゴル

内モンゴル (canonical)
Uchi Mongoru (romanization)

[ɯ̟t͡ɕi mõ̞ŋɡo̞ɾɯ̟]

Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia#English:_Q41079

Inner Mongolia (a Mongolian autonomous region of China)


内モンゴル

内モンゴル (canonical)
Nai Mongoru (romanization)

[na̠i mõ̞ŋɡo̞ɾɯ̟]


八雲

八雲町: Yakumo (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


バーロ

バーロ • (Bāro)

Barro (a municipality of Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain)


広西

広(こう)西(せい) • (Kōsei) ^(←くわうせい (Kwausei)?)

広西 (canonical)
Kōsei (romanization)
Kwausei (romanization)
くわうせい (hiragana historical)

Guangxi (a Zhuang autonomous region of China)


ネーデルランド

[ne̞ːde̞ɾɯ̟ɾã̠ndo̞]

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

constituent countries
constituent country

Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)


蘭国

[ɾã̠ŋko̞kɯ̟]

Abbreviation of 阿蘭陀 (Oranda) + 国(こく) (koku, “country”).

Holland (a traditional region of the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)

Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


セントクリストファー・ネイビス連邦

セント クリストファー・ネイビス れんぽう

セントクリストファー・ネイビス連(れん)邦(ぽう) • (Sento Kurisutofā Neibisu Renpō)

セントクリストファー・ネイビス連邦 (canonical)
Sento Kurisutofā Neibisu Renpō (romanization)

Calque of English Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis, equivalent to セントクリストファー・ネイビス (Sento Kurisutofā Neibisu, “Saint Christopher and Nevis”) + 連邦 (renpō, “federation”)

af

セントクリストファー・ネイビス

Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis#English:_Q763

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis#English

Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis (official name of Saint Kitts and Nevis, an island country in the Caribbean)


セントキッツ・ネイビス連邦

ja-pos

セント キッツ・ネイビス れんぽう

セントキッツ・ネイビス連(れん)邦(ぽう) • (Sento Kittsu Neibisu Renpō)

セントキッツ・ネイビス連邦 (canonical)
Sento Kittsu Neibisu Renpō (romanization)

Calque of English Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis, equivalent to セントキッツ・ネイビス (Sento Kittsu Neibisu, “Saint Kitts and Nevis”) + 連邦 (renpō, “federation”)

af

セントクリストファー・ネイビス連邦 セントクリストファー・ネイビス連邦#Japanese

Synonym of セントクリストファー・ネイビス連邦: Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis (official name of Saint Kitts and Nevis, an island country in the Caribbean)


サルデーニャ

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


プッリャ

[pɯ̟ɾ̚ʲɾʲa̠]

administrative region
administrative region

Apulia (a peninsula and administrative region in southern Italy)


ガンビア共和国

ja-pos

ガンビア共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Ganbia Kyōwakoku)

ガンビア共和国 (canonical)
Ganbia Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From ガンビア (Ganbia, “Gambia”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Republic of The Gambia
Republic of The Gambia


コモロ連合

コモロ連合 (canonical)
Komoro Rengō (romanization)

From コモロ (Komoro, “Comoros”) + 連合 (rengō, “union”).

Union of the Comoros
Union of the Comoros


バングラデシュ人民共和国

ja-pos

バングラデシュ じんみん きょうわこく

バングラデシュ人(じん)民(みん)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Banguradeshu Jinmin Kyōwakoku)

バングラデシュ人民共和国 (canonical)
Banguradeshu Jinmin Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From バングラデシュ (Banguradeshu, “Bangladesh”) + 人民共和国 (kyōwakoku, “people's republic”).

af

People's Republic of Bangladesh
People's Republic of Bangladesh


ギリシャ共和国

ja-pos

ギリシャ共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Girisha Kyōwakoku)

ギリシャ共和国 (canonical)
Girisha Kyōwakoku (romanization)

[ɡʲiɾʲiɕa̠ kʲo̞ːβ̞a̠ko̞kɯ̟]

From ギリシャ (Girisha, “Greece”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Hellenic Republic
Hellenic Republic#English:_Q41

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Hellenic Republic (official name of Greece, a country in Southeast Europe)


延辺

Yanbian (a Korean autonomous prefecture in Jilin, China)


諳厄利亜

[ã̠ŋɡe̞ɾʲia̠]

『諳厄利亜語林大成』

(obsolete) England (a country in Europe)


カールスタード

ja-pos

カールスタード • (Kārusutādo)


イェリヴァーレ

イェリヴァーレ • (Yerivāre)


大上

大(おお)上(うえ) or 大(おお)上(かみ) or 大(おお)上(がみ) or 大(だい)上(じょう) • (Ōue or Ōkami or Ōgami or Daijō)

大上 (canonical)
Ōkami (romanization)
大上 (canonical)
Ōgami (romanization)
大上 (canonical)
大上 (canonical)
大上 (canonical)
大上 (canonical)
Ōue (romanization)
Ōkami (romanization)
Ōgami (romanization)
Daijō (romanization)

a place in Aizubange, Kawanuma district, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.

a place in Mutsuzawa, Chōsei district, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.

a place in Ayase, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

a place in Sasayama, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.


会津坂下

会津坂下 (canonical)
Aizubange (romanization)

a town in Kawanuma district, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.


汐留

Shiodome (an area of Minato special ward, Tokyo, Japan)


一関

一関 (canonical)
Ichinoseki (romanization)

Ichinoseki (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)


日向国

日向国(ひゅうがのくに) • (Hyūganokuni) ^(←ひうがのくに (Fiuganokuni)?)

日向国 (canonical)
Hyūganokuni (romanization)
Fiuganokuni (romanization)
ひうがのくに (hiragana historical)

[çɨːɡa̠ no̞ kɯ̟ɲ̟i]

Compound of 日向 (Hyūga, province name, literally “sun-facing”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 国 (kuni, “country, land; province (prior to the Meiji period)”).

compound

Hyūga Province, corresponding to modern Miyazaki Prefecture


サンピドロ

(dated) San Pedro (a community in Los Angeles, California, United States)


ワッソンビル

(dated) Watsonville (a city in Santa Cruz, California, United States)


帝国平原

帝国平原 (canonical)
Teikoku Heigen (romanization)

1921 May 4, 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], number 7714, page 4:

インデオよりエプリカツト本日出荷あり明日帝國平原ブローレーより二クレーツ出荷ある筈なるが最初當地に傳はりし情報にてはブローレー出荷が月曜日にあるべき豫定なりしが之れが遲れて遂にインデオに機先を制せられたる譯なり

Indeo yori Epurikatto honjitsu shukka ari myōnichi Teikoku Heigen Burōrē yori ni-kurētsu shukka aru hazu naru ga saisho tōchi ni tsutawarishi jōhō nite wa Burōrē shukka ga getsuyōbi ni aru beki yotei narishi ga kore ga okurete tsui ni Indeo ni kisen o seiseraretaru wake nari

(dated) Imperial Valley (a valley in California, United States)


サンオーキン

ja-pos

サンオーキン • (San Ōkin)

(dated) San Joaquin (a city in Fresno, California, United States)


独乙

獨乙製噴霧器 ― doitsu-sei funmuki ― German-made Atomizers

1935 March 13, 日伯新聞 (Nippaku Shinbun) [Nippo-Brazilian Newspaper], number 926, page 2

obsolete spelling of ドイツ (= Germany), a country in Central Europe


聖市

1935, “聖市々長 フアビオ・プラード [Mayor of Sao Paulo Fábio Prado]”, in 伯国著名政治家略伝 [Biographies of Noted Politicians of Brazil], 海外興業 (Overseas Industrial K.K.), →DOI, page 37:

一九三三年聖市護憲黨組織者の一人とたり

一九三三 いちきゅうさんさん

ichikyūsansan nen san pauro gokentau soshiki sha no hitori totari

サンパウロ サンパウロ#Japanese

obsolete spelling of サンパウロ (San Pauro) (= São Paulo), a municipality, the state capital of São Paulo, Brazil


聖州

聖(せい)州(しゅう) • (Seishū) ^(←せいしう (Seisiu)?)

聖州 (canonical)
Seishū (romanization)
Seisiu (romanization)
せいしう (hiragana historical)

1925 April 10, 伯剌西爾時報 (Burajiru Jihō) [News of Brazil], number 391, page 2:

Ambassador Badoglio together with Mr De Michelis, Chairman of the Immigration Affairs Committee, were temporarily appointed ambassadors while stationed in the country by agreement of the São Paulo State Government under the immigration pact.

バドリヨ大使が歸國と共に移民總務委員會總裁デ・ミケリス氏が一時駐伯大使に任命され聖州政府と移民協約を締結する迄伯國に駐剳し[…]

Badoriyo-taishi ga kikoku to tomo ni imin sōmu iinkai sōsai De Mikerisu-shi ga ichiji chūhaku taishi ni ninmei sare Seishū seifu to imin kyōyaku o teiketsu suru made Burajiru ni chūsatsu shi […]

(obsolete) São Paulo (a state of Brazil)


聖州

サンパウロ サンパウロ#Japanese

obsolete spelling of サンパウロ (San Pauro) (= São Paulo), a state of Brazil


亜郡

亜郡 (canonical)
A-gun (romanization)
Agun (romanization)
あぐん (hiragana historical)

亞郡同胞大勢一覽

1919 July 19, 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], number 7617, page 6:

亞郡マウントエデンの同胞有志相集りて久しく田舎では芝居もやらなかつたから今年は豐年滿作でこの喜は誰に頒つ由もない

A-gun Maunto Eden no dōhō yūshi aiatsumarite hisashiku inaka de wa shibai mo yaranakatta kara konnen wa hōnen-mansaku de kono yorokobi wa dare ni wakatsu yoshi mo nai

(obsolete) Short for アラメダ郡 (Arameda-gun, “Alameda (a county of California, United States)”).


麦嶺

麦嶺(バークレー) or 麦(ばく)嶺(れい) • (Bākurē or Bakurei)

麦嶺 (canonical)
麦嶺 (canonical)
Bākurē (romanization)
Bakurei (romanization)

1908, 丸山千曲, “序”, in 亞郡同胞大勢一覽 (Agun Dōhō Taisei Ichiran), 新世界新聞王府支社, page A17:

麥嶺の麓にて 千九百〇七年感謝日の前

千九百〇七年 せんきうひやくななねん

Bākurē no fumoto nite Senkyū-hyaku-nana-nen kanshahi no mae

1917 April 25, “荒地利用方針(くわうちりようはうしん) (Kōchi riyō hōshin)”, in 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], page 8:

麥嶺公立學校父兄會

公立學校父兄會 こうりつがくかうふけいくわい

1917 April 25, 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], page 8:

麥嶺日本人會

日本人會 にほんじんくわい

1923, 在米國華盛頓州シアトル市米國西北部聯絡日本人會, 米國西北部在留日本人發展略史 (Beikoku Seihoku-bu Zairyū Nihonjin Hatten Ryakushi) [A Brief History of the Development of the Resident Japanese in the Northwest of America], page 154:

[…]上吿人は[…]加州麥嶺ハイスクールを卒業後加州大學に約三ヶ年間在學し[…]

加州大學 かしうだいがく

[…] jōkokunin wa […] Kashū Bākurē hai-sukūru o sotsugyō-go Kashū Daigaku ni yaku-san-ka-nen-kan zaigaku shi […]

1929 June 2, “同胞農業貢献稱揚”, in 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], number 10629, page 3:

麥嶺日星クラブ

(obsolete) Berkeley (a city in Alameda, California, United States)