緩歩動物

緩(かん)歩(ぽ)動(どう)物(ぶつ) • (kanpo dōbutsu) ^(←くわんぽどうぶつ (kwanpodoubutu)?)

緩歩動物 (canonical)
kanpo dōbutsu (romanization)
kwanpodoubutu (romanization)
くわんぽどうぶつ (hiragana historical)

緩歩(かんぽ) (kanpo, “to leisurely walk”) + 動物(どうぶつ) (dōbutsu, “animal”).


森鳩

森鳩 (canonical)
森鳩 (canonical)
moribato (romanization)

Columba palumbus
Columba palumbus#Translingual


山桃

山桃 (canonical)
山桃 (canonical)
yamamomo (romanization)

From 山 (yama, “mountain”) + 桃 (momo, “peach”).


ローズ

ja-noun

ローズ • (rōzu)


ダート

ダート • (dāto)

ダートコース ダートコース#Japanese

(horse racing) Clipping of ダートコース (dāto kōsu, “dirt course”).


食糧

食(しょく)糧(りょう) • (shokuryō) ^(←しょくりやう (syokuryau)?)

食糧 (canonical)
shokuryō (romanization)
syokuryau (romanization)
しょくりやう (hiragana historical)

[ɕo̞kɯ̟ɾʲo̞ː]

(military) provisions of rice or wheat on a military campaign


ドール

ドール • (dōru)

Borrowed from English doll. The vowel in this transcription is lengthened perhaps to avoid confusion with ドル (doru, “dollar”).

ja:ドール (曖昧さ回避)

Synonym of 人形 (ningyō, hitogata, “doll”) (toy in the form of a human)


ドール

ドール • (dōru)

ja:ドール
ja:ドール (曖昧さ回避)


ベジタブル

[be̞ʑita̠bɯ̟ɾɯ̟]


菜豆

菜(さい)豆(とう) or 菜豆(サイトウ) • (saitō)

菜豆 (canonical)
菜豆 (canonical)
saitō (romanization)

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris#Translingual


ワンちゃん

[β̞ã̠ɲ̟t͡ɕã̠ɴ]

Compound of ワン (wan, “woof”, onomatopoeia for the sound made by a dog barking) + ちゃん (-chan, diminutive suffix for people and other animate things).

suffix

(childish) doggy, bow wow, puppy dog, puppy


黒猫

From 黒 (kuro, “black”) + 猫 (neko, “cat”).

彼は純粋の黒猫である。


牝狐

Compound of 牝(め) (me, “female”) + 狐(きつね) (kitsune, “fox”). The kitsune changes to gitsune as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


雌狼

(rare) A female wolf; a she-wolf; a bitch.


一位

ja-noun

一(いち)位(い) or 一位(イチイ) • (ichii) ^(←いちゐ (itiwi) or イチヰ (itiwi)?)

一位 (canonical)
一位 (canonical)
ichii (romanization)
itiwi (romanization)
いちゐ (hiragana historical)
イチヰ (hiragana historical)

Based on the the first in rank in the Japanese medieval court sense, from the 笏 (shaku, “baton”) they hold made of yew.

Taxus cuspidata
Taxus cuspidata#Translingual


ダックスフント

[da̠k̚kɯ̟̊sɨ̥ɸɯ̟̃nto̞]


ターキー

ターキー • (tākī)

Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:ターキー
ja:松村明


競馬場

競(けい)馬(ば)場(じょう) • (keibajō) ^(←けいばぢやう (keibadyau)?)

競馬場 (canonical)
keibajō (romanization)
keibadyau (romanization)
けいばぢやう (hiragana historical)

From 競馬 (keiba, “horse racing”) + 場 (jō, “field”).


足掻き

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 足掻く (agaku, “to paw at the ground; to struggle”), itself a compound of 足 (a, “foot”, Old Japanese form, now only found in compounds) + 掻く (kaku, “to scratch”). The kaki changes to gaki as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

足掻きが取れない: → to be stuck

to be unable to take any movement of one's limbs

足掻きがつかない: → to be stuck

movement does not stick / have an effect

足掻きが空しくて結局絶望に陥った。

Agaki ga munashikute kekkyoku zetsubō ni ochiitta.

His flailing about was futile, and he ultimately fell into a depression.


月桂

(Chinese mythology) the laurel tree that grows on the moon


ジャイアントパンダ

ja:ジャイアントパンダ


カメレオン

[ka̠me̞ɾe̞õ̞ɴ]

From Dutch kameleon or English chameleon.

chameleon, a reptile, of the family Chamaeleonidae

ja:カメレオン (曖昧さ回避)


ワラビー

[β̞a̠ɾa̠bʲiː]


鰹鳥

ja-noun

鰹(かつお)鳥(どり) or 鰹鳥(カツオドリ) • (katsuodori) ^(←かつをとり (katwotori)?)

鰹鳥 (canonical)
鰹鳥 (canonical)
katsuodori (romanization)
katwotori (romanization)
かつをとり (hiragana historical)

Literally, “bonito bird”, 鰹(かつお) (katsuo, “skipjack tuna, bonito”) + 鳥(とり) (tori, “bird”), The tori changes to dori as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


ダルメシアン

[da̠ɾɯ̟me̞ɕiã̠ɴ]


落葉樹

常緑樹

常緑樹 じょうりょくじゅ


常緑樹

常緑樹 (canonical)
jōryokuju (romanization)


ドラゴンフルーツ

[do̞ɾa̠ɡo̞ɰ̃ ɸɯ̟ɾɯ̟ːt͡sɨ]


ドリル

ja:ドリル
ja:ドリル (動物)
ja:ドリル (工具)


赤狐

赤狐 (canonical)
赤狐 (canonical)
akagitsune (romanization)

From 赤 (aka, “red”) + 狐 (kitsune, “fox”). The kitsune reading for 狐 changes to gitsune as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Vulpes vulpes
Vulpes vulpes#Translingual


三葉虫

ja-noun

三(さん)葉(よう)虫(ちゅう) • (san'yōchū) ^(←さんえふちゆう (san'efutyuu)?)

三葉虫 (canonical)
san'yōchū (romanization)
san'efutyuu (romanization)
さんえふちゆう (hiragana historical)

[sã̠ɰ̃jo̞ːt͡ɕɨː]


接骨木

接骨木(にわとこ) or 接骨木(ニワトコ) • (niwatoko) ^(←にはとこ (nifatoko)?)

接骨木 (canonical)
接骨木 (canonical)
niwatoko (romanization)
nifatoko (romanization)
にはとこ (hiragana historical)

対岸には接骨木めいた樹がすがれかかった黄葉を低れて力なさそうに水にうつむいた。

1911, Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Nikkō Shōhin:

On the opposite bank trees with look of red elders' near withering yellow leaves drooped and feebly hung their heads down to the water.

Sambucus sieboldiana
Sambucus sieboldiana#Translingual

西洋接骨木

西洋接骨木 せいようにわとこ


接骨木

接骨木 (canonical)
sekkotsuboku (romanization)

From Middle Chinese compound 接骨木 (tsjep kwot muwk, literally “bonesetting + tree”).


黄麻

Synonym of 綱麻 (tsunaso, “white jute, Corchorus capsularis”)

綱麻

Synonym of 黄麻紙 (kōmashi, “hemp paper dyed yellow with Amur cork tree bark”)


黄麻

Synonym of 黄麻紙 (ōmashi, “hemp paper dyed yellow with Amur cork tree bark”)


鳶尾

Synonym of 一初 (ichihatsu, “roof iris, Iris tectorum”)


禿鷹

禿鷹 (canonical)
禿鷹 (canonical)
hagetaka (romanization)


蝲蛄

蝲蛄 (canonical)
蝲蛄 (canonical)
zarigani (romanization)

[d͡za̠ɾʲiɡa̠ɲ̟i]

From 砂利(ざり) (zari, “gravel”) + 蟹(かに) (kani, “crab”). The kani changes to gani as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

a crayfish (freshwater crustacean resembling lobster)


杜鵑

Cuculus poliocephalus
Cuculus poliocephalus#Translingual


螳螂

螳螂 (canonical)
螳螂 (canonical)
kamakiri (romanization)

Either a compound of 鎌 (kama, “sickle”) + 切り (kiri, “cutting; cutter”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 切る (kiru, “to cut”)), or of 鎌 (kama, “sickle”) + キリ (kiri, onomatopoeia), where the kiri is imitative of the sound made by grasshoppers and katydids, and is found as a common element in the names of several insects of similar size and body shape. Compare 螽斯 (kirigirisu, “grasshopper; katydid”), 笹切 (sasakiri, “bush cricket; katydid”).
Considering the sharp forelegs of the mantis, the first derivation may be more probable.
The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 螳螂 (tángláng).

com

Cottus kazika
Cottus kazika#Translingual

(rare) a fourspine sculpin, a fish of species Cottus kazika.


ペリカン

ja:ペリカン (曖昧さ回避)

[pe̞ɾʲikã̠ɴ]

a pelican (any of various seabirds of the family Pelecanidae)


ペリカン

ja:ペリカン (曖昧さ回避)

[pe̞ɾʲikã̠ɴ]


海綿

絞り方はちょうど海綿を絞るような具合にすればよい。

1933, 北大路魯山人, 高野豆腐

Ideally it should be squeezed out just like a sponge.

Shiborikata wa chōdo kaimen o shiboru yō na guai ni sureba yoi.

sponge (marine invertebrate with a porous skeleton)


灯台草

ja-noun

灯(とう)台(だい)草(ぐさ) or 灯台草(トウダイグサ) • (tōdaigusa)

灯台草 (canonical)
灯台草 (canonical)
tōdaigusa (romanization)

Literally, “light house grass”, 灯台(とうだい) (tōdai, “light house, light pole”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass, plant”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Euphorbia helioscopia
Euphorbia helioscopia#Translingual


蟻の子

Compound of 蟻 (ari, “ant”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 子 (ko, “child; small thing”).


檳榔

ja-noun

檳(びん)榔(ろう) or 檳榔(ビンロウ) • (binrō) ^(←びんらう (binrau)?)

檳榔 (canonical)
檳榔 (canonical)
binrō (romanization)
binrau (romanization)
びんらう (hiragana historical)

From Chinese 檳榔 /槟榔 (bīngláng), itself from Malay pinang.

Areca catechu
Areca catechu#Translingual


檳榔

檳(び)榔(ろう) or 檳榔(ビロウ) • (birō) ^(←びらう (birau)?)

檳榔 (canonical)
檳榔 (canonical)
birō (romanization)
birau (romanization)
びらう (hiragana historical)

Unknown. From Chinese, but the use of this term as an alternative spelling is of uncertain derivation.

Alternative spelling of 蒲葵 (birō, “Livistona chinensis, Chinese fan palm”)


エミュー

emyū (romanization)
emiu (romanization)
エミウ (historical katakana)

Borrowing from English emu, possibly also from French émeu.


香箱座り

香箱座り (canonical)
kōbako-zuwari (romanization)

Compound of 香箱 (kōbako, “incense box”) + 座り (suwari, “sitting”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 座る (suwaru, “to sit”)). The suwari changes to zuwari as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Refers to the similarity in shape between an incense box, and a cat when sitting with its front and back paws tucked underneath and its tail wrapped closely along the side of its body.

compound

香箱を組む: → to sit down in a catloaf pose

to come together / fold one's limbs into an incense box shape


皮蛋

ja-noun

皮蛋(ピータン) • (pītan)


ライガー

ライガー • (raigā)


臘梅

Lit. twelfth month plum, 臘(ろう) (rō, “twelfth month”) + 梅(ばい) (bai, “plum”)

ja-compound

Alternative spelling of 蝋梅 (rōbai, “wintersweet, Chimonanthus praecox”)


香橙

ja-noun

香(こう)橙(とう) • (kōtō)

Lit. fragrant bitter orange, 香(こう) (kō, “fragrant”) + 橙(とう) (tō, “bitter orange”)

ja-compound

Synonym of 九年母 (kunenbo, “Citrus nobilis”)


グアバ

Psidium guajava
Psidium guajava#Translingual

guava, Psidium guajava (the fruit or the tree)


鷹の爪

鷹の爪 (canonical)
taka no tsume (romanization)

Compound of 鷹(たか) (taka, “hawk, falcon”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 爪(つめ) (tsume, “claw, talon”).

Capsicum annuum
Gamblea
ja:タカノツメ (ウコギ科)
ja:鷹の爪

Gamblea innovans, a deciduous tree native to Japan, used for its wood (possibly so called for the way the leaves grow in groups of three, similar to a hawk's claws)

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

a kind of chili (Capsicum annuum) that is curved and slender, used for pickling (so called for the way the shape resembles a hawk's claw)

a kind of high-quality tea (so called for the way guests may decide to stay longer to partake, as if caught by a claw)

Synonym of 爪草 (tsumekusa, “Japanese pearlwort, Sagina japonica”)


金銀花

[kʲĩŋʲɡʲĩŋka̠]

Probably from Middle Chinese. Literally “gold silver flower”. Compare modern Mandarin 金銀花／金银花 (jīnyínhuā).

zh-l

金銀花／金银花 (jīnyínhuā)

Japanese honeysuckle
Japanese honeysuckle

Lonicera japonica
Lonicera japonica#Translingual

(rare) Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)


紅鶴

紅鶴 (canonical)
紅鶴 (canonical)
benizuru (romanization)

[be̞ɲ̟izɨɾɯ̟]

From 紅 (beni, “crimson”) + 鶴 (tsuru, “crane”). The tsuru reading for 鶴 changes to zuru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

com

フラミンゴ フラミンゴ#Japanese

(dated, rare) Synonym of フラミンゴ (furamingo, “flamingo”) (bird)


フラミンゴ

[ɸɯ̟ɾa̠mʲĩŋɡo̞]

Borrowing from English flamingo, from Portuguese flamingo.

へ——フラミンゴのショーねぇ どこでやるのかなー
？ここでやるんじゃないの
ここで⁉だって池(いけ)があるぞ この鳥(とり)達(たち)だって邪(じゃ)魔(ま)じゃないか
えー？フラミンゴでしょー？
そうフラミンゴ‼ 踊(おど)りにくいだろ？
春(はる)美(み)ちゃんもしかしてフ(・)ラ(・)メ(・)ン(・)コ(・)と勘(かん)違(ちが)いしてない？

1994 March 25, Marimo Ragawa, “赤(あか)ちゃんと僕(ぼく) 第(だい)33話(わ) [Baby & Me: Chapter 33]”, in 赤ちゃんと僕 [Baby & Me], volume 7 (fiction), Tokyo: Hakusensha, →ISBN, page 27:

Huh— Flamingos on show. Where’s the show?
Eh? Isn’t it supposed to be here?
Here!? Right at this pond? But aren’t these birds a bit of a hindrance?
What? The flamingos?
Yes, the flamingos!! We can’t dance here, can we?
Harumi-chan, are you confusing them with flamenco?

He—— Furamingo no shō nee Doko de yaru no ka nā
? Koko de yarun ja nai no
Koko de⁉ Datte ike ga aru zo Kono tori-tachi datte jama ja nai ka
Ē? Furamingo deshō?
Sō furamingo‼ Odorinikui daro?
Harumi-chan moshi ka shite FURAMENKO to kanchigaishite nai?

Daijirin
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:フラミンゴ
ja:フラミンゴ目


落葉松

落葉松 (canonical)
落葉松 (canonical)
karamatsu (romanization)

Jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 落葉 /落叶 (luòyè).


白猫

From 白 (shiro, “white”) + 猫 (neko, “cat”).


南天

南天 (canonical)
南天 (canonical)
nanten (romanization)

Apparently ultimately an abbreviation of Middle Chinese 南天竹 (*nom *ten *djiuk) or 南天竺 (*nom *ten *djiuk?), referring to a type of plant similar to bamboo, originating from an area further to the south (India or Indochina). Compare modern Chinese 南天竺 (nántiān zhú).

南天紋

a kind of family crest featuring the nandina in the design.

nandina, heavenly bamboo, sacred bamboo: Nandina domestica, a kind of flowering shrub.


すすき

すすき (canonical)
ススキ (canonical)
susuki (romanization)
すすき (hiragana historical)

Japanese pampas grass
Japanese pampas grass


丹桂

丹桂 (canonical)
丹桂 (canonical)
tankei (romanization)

Osmanthus fragrans
Osmanthus fragrans#Translingual

金木犀

orange-blooming variety of the fragrant olive

銀木犀

white-blooming variety of the fragrant olive


木犀花

木犀花 (canonical)
mokuseika (romanization)

木犀(もくせい) (mokusei, “fragrant olive”) + 花(はな) (hana, “flower”)

ja-compound

the flowers of the fragrant olive (Osmanthus fragrans).

金木犀

yellow-blooming variety of the fragrant olive


波布

波布 (canonical)
波布 (canonical)
habu (romanization)
飯匙倩 (alternative)
ハブ (alternative)

English: habu

Borrowed from Okinawan 蛇(はぶ) (habu, “snake”). Likely cognate with Japanese 蛇(へび) (hebi, “snake”).
* Possibly an alteration from 反鼻 (hanbi), an obsolete term for a kind of Chinese medicine made from the skin and/or organs of certain venomous snakes.
* More likely, may be an alteration from 蛇(へび) (hebi, “snake”). Some dialects distinguish between non-poisonous hebi and poisonous habi.
* Possibly also related to, or influenced by, Old Japanese-derived verb 食(は)む (hamu, “to bite”). An /m/ - /b/ alternation can be found in some Japanese words, so a shift from hamu to habu is a reasonable possibility. The standard modern Japanese word hebi for “snake” may similarly be derived from, or have been influenced by, hamu “to bite”.
The kanji spelling 波布 is an example of ateji, with the characters chosen purely for their phonetic values.

Protobothrops flavoviridis
Protobothrops flavoviridis#Translingual

Trimeresurus flavoviridis
Trimeresurus flavoviridis

a venomous pit viper of species Protobothrops flavoviridis (syn. Trimeresurus flavoviridis), native to Okinawa

波布草

Senna occidentalis, also called coffee senna or coffeeweed, a wide-ranging tropical plant with seeds sometimes used for a beverage similar to coffee

波布茶

a beverage made by roast senna seeds and steep in water


瓢箪

ja-noun

瓢(ひょう)箪(たん) or 瓢箪(ヒョウタン) • (hyōtan) ^(←へうたん (feutan) or ヘウタン (feutan)?)

瓢箪 (canonical)
瓢箪 (canonical)
hyōtan (romanization)
feutan (romanization)
へうたん (hiragana historical)
ヘウタン (hiragana historical)


蒲葵

蒲葵(びろう) or 蒲(ほ)葵(き) or 蒲葵(あじまさ) • (birō or hoki or ajimasa)

蒲葵 (canonical)
蒲葵 (canonical)
蒲葵 (canonical)
birō (romanization)
hoki (romanization)
ajimasa (romanization)

Livistona chinensis, fountain palm or Chinese fan palm


桜島大根

桜(さくら)島(じま)大(だい)根(こん) • (Sakurajima daikon)

桜島大根 (canonical)
Sakurajima daikon (romanization)

From 桜島(さくらじま) (Sakurajima, “Sakura-jima”) + 大根(だいこん) (daikon, “daikon”).

ja-compound

the Sakurajima radish, the giant white radish cultivated in Kagoshima Prefecture.


紅木

紅木 (canonical)
紅木 (canonical)
kōki (romanization)


紅木

紅木 (canonical)
beni no ki (romanization)

Bixa orellana
Bixa orellana#Translingual

Alternative spelling of 紅の木 (beni no ki, “achiote, Bixa orellana”)


陸亀

陸亀 (canonical)
陸亀 (canonical)
rikugame (romanization)

[ɾʲikɯ̟ɡa̠me̞]


高麗胡椒

ja-noun

高麗胡椒(コウレイグス) • (kōreigusu)

高麗胡椒 (canonical)
kōreigusu (romanization)

[ko̞ːɾe̞ːɡɯ̟sɨ]

From Korean 高麗 (Goryeo, “Korea”) + 胡椒 (koshō, “pepper”). Compare Japanese and Okinawan くさ (kusa, “grass”).


熊蜂

熊蜂 (canonical)
熊蜂 (canonical)
kumabachi (romanization)

carpenter bee, bees of the species Xylocopa


針葉樹

針葉樹 (canonical)
shin'yōju (romanization)

[ɕĩɰ̃jo̞ːʑɨ]


高麗人参

高(こう)麗(らい)人(にん)参(じん) or 高麗人参(コウライニンジン) • (kōrai ninjin) ^(←かうらいにんじん (kauraininzin)?)

高麗人参 (canonical)
高麗人参 (canonical)
kōrai ninjin (romanization)
kauraininzin (romanization)
かうらいにんじん (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ːɾa̠i ɲ̟ĩɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]

高麗(こらい) (korai, “Goryeo”) + 人参(にんじん) (ninjin, “carrot; ginseng”)

ja-compound

Synonym of 御種人参 (otane ninjin, “Panax ginseng, (Chinese ginseng)”)


樹懶

樹懶 (canonical)
樹懶 (canonical)
namakemono (romanization)

From 怠け者 (“slob”). The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 樹懶 /树懒 (shùlǎn).


アスパラガス

[a̠sɨ̥pa̠ɾa̠ɡa̠sɨ]

Borrowed from English asparagus, from Medieval Latin asparagus.


滑茸

滑茸 (canonical)
滑茸 (canonical)
nametake (romanization)

Compound of 滑(なめ) (name, “slippery”) + 茸(たけ) (take, “mushroom”), from the viscosity on the surface.


蒼鷺

蒼鷺 (canonical)
蒼鷺 (canonical)
aosagi (romanization)

蒼 (ao, “blue”) + 鷺 (sagi, “heron; egret”)


青魚

ja-noun

青(あお)魚(ざかな) • (aozakana) ^(←あをざかな (awozakana)?)

青魚 (canonical)
aozakana (romanization)
awozakana (romanization)
あをざかな (hiragana historical)


青魚

青(あお)魚(うお) or 青魚(アオウオ) • (ao-uo) ^(←あをうを (awouwo)?)

青魚 (canonical)
青魚 (canonical)
ao-uo (romanization)
awouwo (romanization)
あをうを (hiragana historical)


下野

First attested around the early 1930s.
Appears to be coined in Japan from Middle Chinese-derived elements 下 (ge, “below, lower”) + 野 (ya, “field”).

com

(of a public servant) retirement from public office

(politics, of a political party) going into the opposition


下野

下野する (canonical)
geya suru (romanization)
下野し (stem)
下野した (past)
下野し
げやし
geya shi
下野する
げやする
geya suru
下野すれ
げやすれ
geya sure
下野せよ (imperative literary)
下野しろ (colloquial imperative)
げやせよ (imperative literary)
げやしろ (colloquial imperative)
geya seyo (imperative literary)
geya shiro (colloquial imperative)
下野される (passive)
げやされる (passive)
geya sareru (passive)
下野させる (causative)
下野さす (causative)
げやさせる (causative)
げやさす (causative)
geya saseru (causative)
geya sasu (causative)
下野できる (potential)
げやできる (potential)
geya dekiru (potential)
下野しよう (volitional)
げやしよう (volitional)
geya shiyō (volitional)
下野しない (negative)
げやしない (negative)
geya shinai (negative)
下野せず (continuative negative)
げやせず (continuative negative)
geya sezu (continuative negative)
下野します (formal)
げやします (formal)
geya shimasu (formal)
下野した (perfective)
げやした (perfective)
geya shita (perfective)
下野して (conjunctive)
げやして (conjunctive)
geya shite (conjunctive)
下野すれば (conditional hypothetical)
げやすれば (conditional hypothetical)
geya sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(of a public servant) to retire from public office


下野

下野 (canonical)
Shimotsuke (romanization)

⟨simo₁tuke₂⟩ → */simʷotukei̯/ → /ɕimot͡suke/
Originally a clipping of Old Japanese 下毛野 (Simo₁tuke₂no₁ → Shimotsukeno, literally “Lower Keno”).
The meadowsweet sense was first attested in The Pillow Book (1002), from the province where the flower was first discovered.

inh

(historical) Short for 下野国 (Shimotsuke-no-kuni): Shimotsuke Province, an old province of Japan, now part of Tochigi Prefecture

下野国

Short for 下野市 (Shimotsuke-shi): Shimotsuke (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan) [2006–]


白樺

白樺 (canonical)
白樺 (canonical)
shirakaba (romanization)

From 白 (shira-, “white”) + 樺 (kaba, “birch”).

Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla)

(proscribed) Synonym of 岳樺 (dakekanba): Erman's birch (Betula ermanii)


白樺

白樺 (canonical)
白樺 (canonical)
shirakanba (romanization)

From 白 (shira-, “white”) + 樺 (kanba, “birch”).


黒鰱

黒鰱 (canonical)
黒鰱 (canonical)
kokuren (romanization)

[ko̞kɯ̟ɾẽ̞ɴ]

Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis#Translingual

bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)


紅花

紅花 (canonical)
紅花 (canonical)
benibana (romanization)

Compound of 紅(べに) (beni, “crimson”) + 花(はな) (hana, “flower”). The hana changes to bana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius#Translingual


紅花

紅花 (canonical)
kōka (romanization)
koukwa (romanization)
こうくわ (hiragana historical)

Synonym of 紅花 (benibana, “safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)”)

紅花

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried flower of Carthamus tinctorius used in medicine


紅花

紅花 (canonical)
Kōka (romanization)
Koukwa (romanization)
こうくわ (hiragana historical)


紅花

ja-pos

紅(べに)花(か) • (Benika) ^(←べにくわ (Benikwa)?)

紅花 (canonical)
Benika (romanization)
Benikwa (romanization)
べにくわ (hiragana historical)

紅(べに) (beni, “crimson”) + 花(か) (ka, “flower”).


郭公

ja-noun

郭(かっ)公(こう) or 郭公(カッコウ) • (kakkō) ^(←くわくこう (kwakukou)?)

郭公 (canonical)
郭公 (canonical)
kakkō (romanization)
kwakukou (romanization)
くわくこう (hiragana historical)

Cuculus canorus
Cuculus canorus#Translingual


杜鵑草

杜鵑草 (canonical)
杜鵑草 (canonical)
hototogisu (romanization)

Shift in meaning of ほととぎす (hototogisu, “lesser cuckoo”).
The spelling is a compound of 杜鵑(ほととぎす) (hototogisu, “lesser cuckoo”) + 草(そう) (sō, “herb”), as a means of clarifying that this term refers to the plant.


春菊

春菊 (canonical)
春菊 (canonical)
shungiku (romanization)

春 (shun, “spring”) + 菊 (kiku, “chrysanthemum”)

compound

garland chrysanthemum
garland chrysanthemum

Glebionis coronaria
Glebionis coronaria#Translingual

garland chrysanthemum (Glebionis coronaria)


正木

正木 (canonical)
正木 (canonical)
masaki (romanization)


伽羅

(historical) the Gaya confederacy: a grouping of smaller states on the southern end of the Korean peninsula, roughly dating to 42-532 CE

漢

韓 (Kara, “Korea”), by extension of the Gaya confederacy to the entire Korean peninsula

by extension of the Korean peninsula further to the Chinese mainland


伽羅

There are two leading theories, both deriving from Middle Chinese 伽羅 (MC gja la):
* From the first two syllables of 伽羅阿伽嚧 (MC gja la 'a gja lu), a phonetic rendering of Sanskrit कालागुरु (kālāguru), referring to a kind of fragrant black (kāla) agarwood tree (aguru) used for incense.
* From the last two syllables of 多伽羅 (MC ta gja la), a phonetic rendering of Sanskrit तगर (tagara), referring to Tabernaemontana coronaria (pinwheel flower or crepe jasmine) or a fragrant powder made from the plant.

伽羅柿

a variety of persimmon noted for its darker skin and sweeter taste

伽羅細工

fine woodwork created using aromatic woods

伽羅代

in the Edo period, a red-light district slang term for money, especially the fee paid to an entertainer or prostitute

伽羅の油

a kind of pomade or hair oil made from sesame oil, plant resin, and clove

伽羅の枕

a wooden headrest with a drawer for burning incense

伽羅蕗

butterbur stem simmer in soy sauce until dark reddish brown

sociable person who is quick to compliment others

just like a Buddha statue made from agarwood

伽羅で作った仏同然: → agarwood only smells nice when burned

so making a statue out of agarwood is pointless: something

to put gold foil on an agarwood Buddha; to put the icing on the cake

伽羅の仏に箔置く: → : adding something good on top of something that is already good

not even passing gas” → neither here nor there

Short for 伽羅木 (kyaraboku): a Japanese yew variety, Taxus cuspidata var. nana


葷菜

strong smelling vegetables, particularly alliums


隠熊之実

ja-noun

隠(かくれ)熊(くま)之(の)実(み) or 隠熊之実(カクレクマノミ) • (kakurekumanomi)

隠熊之実 (canonical)
隠熊之実 (canonical)
kakurekumanomi (romanization)

ocellaris clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris


斉魚

斉魚 (canonical)
斉魚 (canonical)
etsu (romanization)

Possibly borrowed from Ainu エトゥ (etu, “nose; snout; bill of a bird”), from the way the characteristic mouth may resemble the bill of some birds.
Cited in Japanese since at least 1847.

bor

Japanese grenadier anchovy, Coilia nasus

Coilia nasus
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:エツ


日本鹿

ja-noun

日(に)本(ほん)鹿(じか) or 日本鹿(ニホンジカ) • (Nihonjika)

日本鹿 (canonical)
日本鹿 (canonical)
Nihonjika (romanization)

[ɲ̟ihõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑika̠]

Compound of 日本 (Nihon, “Japan”, on'yomi) + 鹿 (shika, “deer”, kun'yomi). The shika changes to jika as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

compound

Cervus nippon
Cervus nippon#Translingual

Cervus nippon, commonly known as sika deer, spotted deer, or Japanese deer

Daijirin
Daijisen
Sika deer
ja:日本鹿
ja:松村明


鬼虎魚

ja-noun

鬼虎魚(おにおこぜ) or 鬼虎魚(オニオコゼ) • (oniokoze)

鬼虎魚 (canonical)
鬼虎魚 (canonical)
oniokoze (romanization)
鬼鰧 (alternative)

Inimicus japonicus, Japanese species of scorpionfish


吉次

吉次 (canonical)
吉次 (canonical)
kichiji (romanization)

broadbanded thornyhead, channel rockfish (Sebastolobus macrochir) a species of fish


痺鱏

痺鱏 (canonical)
痺鱏 (canonical)
shibireei (romanization)


白鰱

白鰱 (canonical)
白鰱 (canonical)
hakuren (romanization)

[ha̠kɯ̟ɾẽ̞ɴ]

silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix


薔薇鱮

薔薇(ばら)鱮(たなご) or 薔薇鱮(バラタナゴ) • (baratanago)

薔薇鱮 (canonical)
薔薇鱮 (canonical)
baratanago (romanization)

From 薔薇(ばら) (bara, “rose”) + 鰱(たなご) (tanago, “bitterling”).


八目鰻

ja-noun

八(やつ)目(め)鰻(うなぎ) or 八目鰻(ヤツメウナギ) • (yatsumeunagi)

八目鰻 (canonical)
八目鰻 (canonical)
yatsumeunagi (romanization)

八つ (yatsu, “eight”) + 目 (me, “eye”) + 鰻 (unagi, “eel”)


真牡蠣

真牡蠣 (canonical)
真牡蠣 (canonical)
magaki (romanization)

Literally, “true oyster”, 真(ま) (ma, “true”) + 牡蠣(かき) (kaki, “oyster”). The kaki changes to gaki as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


鬱金香

ja-noun

鬱(う)金(こん)香(こう) or 鬱金香(ウコンコウ) or 鬱(うっ)金(こん)香(こう) or 鬱金香(ウッコンコウ) • (ukonkō or ukkonkō)

鬱金香 (canonical)
鬱金香 (canonical)
鬱金香 (canonical)
鬱金香 (canonical)
ukonkō (romanization)
ukkonkō (romanization)


玉菜

→ Amis: tamana


甘藍

球茎甘藍

球茎甘藍 きゅうけいかんらん

子持甘藍

子持甘藍 こもちかんらん

羽衣甘藍

羽衣甘藍 はごろもかんらん

緑葉甘藍

緑葉甘藍 りょくようかんらん


針鼠

針鼠 (canonical)
針鼠 (canonical)
harinezumi (romanization)

針 (hari, “needle”) + 鼠 (nezumi, “mouse; rat”)


天竺鼠

ja-noun

天(てん)竺(じく)鼠(ねずみ) or 天竺鼠(テンジクネズミ) • (tenjiku nezumi) ^(←てんぢくねずみ (tendiku nezumi)?)

天竺鼠 (canonical)
天竺鼠 (canonical)
tenjiku nezumi (romanization)
tendiku nezumi (romanization)
てんぢくねずみ (hiragana historical)

[tẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑikɯ̟ ne̞zɨmʲi]

Compound of 天竺 (tenjiku, “India”) + 鼠 (nezumi, “mouse”).

compound

鬼天竺鼠: capybara

鬼天竺鼠 おにてんじくねずみ


畑鼠

畑鼠 (canonical)
畑鼠 (canonical)
hatanezumi (romanization)

a Japanese grass vole (Microtus montebelli)

水畑鼠

European water vole (Arvicola amphibius)


鼠海豚

ja-noun

鼠(ねずみ)海豚(いるか) or 鼠海豚(ネズミイルカ) • (nezumiiruka)

鼠海豚 (canonical)
鼠海豚 (canonical)
nezumiiruka (romanization)

鼠 (nezumi, “rat; mouse”) + 海豚 (iruka, “dolphin”, jukujikun (熟字訓))

af

jukujikun (<i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">熟字訓</i>)


天竺牡丹

ja-noun

天(てん)竺(じく)牡(ぼ)丹(たん) or 天竺牡丹(テンジクボタン) • (tenjikubotan)

天竺牡丹 (canonical)
天竺牡丹 (canonical)
tenjikubotan (romanization)

天竺(てんじく) (tenjiku, “India”) + 牡丹(ぼたん) (botan, “peony”)


浅蜊

浅蜊 (canonical)
浅蜊 (canonical)
asari (romanization)

a clam, Japanese littleneck, Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum


葉切蟻

葉切蟻 (canonical)
hakiriari (romanization)

葉切 (hakiri, “leaf-cutting”) + 蟻 (ari, “ant”)


西洋松露

ja-noun

西(せい)洋(よう)松(しょう)露(ろ) or 西洋松露(セイヨウショウロ) • (seiyōshōro)

西洋松露 (canonical)
西洋松露 (canonical)
seiyōshōro (romanization)

[se̞ːjo̞ː ɕo̞ːɾo̞]

Literally, “Western”, 西洋(せいよう) (seiyō, “Western”) + 松露(しょろ) (shoro, “shōro”)


馬尾松

ja-noun

馬(ば)尾(び)松(しょう) or 馬尾松(バビショウ) • (babishō)

馬尾松 (canonical)
馬尾松 (canonical)
babishō (romanization)


蟷螂

蟷螂 (canonical)
蟷螂 (canonical)
kamakiri (romanization)

Either a compound of 鎌 (kama, “sickle”) + 切り (kiri, “cutting; cutter”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 切る (kiru, “to cut”)), or of 鎌 (kama, “sickle”) + キリ (kiri, onomatopoeia), where the kiri is imitative of the sound made by grasshoppers and katydids, and is found as a common element in the names of several insects of similar size and body shape. Compare 螽斯 (kirigirisu, “grasshopper; katydid”), 笹切 (sasakiri, “bush cricket; katydid”).
Considering the sharp forelegs of the mantis, the first derivation may be more probable.
The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 蟷螂 /𬠅螂.

com

Cottus kazika
Cottus kazika#Translingual

(rare) a fourspine sculpin, a fish of species Cottus kazika


天道虫

ja-noun

天(てん)道(とう)虫(むし) or 天道虫(テントウムシ) • (tentō mushi) ^(←てんたうむし (tentaumusi) or テンタウムシ (tentaumusi)?)

天道虫 (canonical)
天道虫 (canonical)
tentō mushi (romanization)
tentaumusi (romanization)
てんたうむし (hiragana historical)
テンタウムシ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 天道 (tentō, “celestial path; the sun”) + 虫 (mushi, “bug”).
There are various theories for the derivation. These include:
* So called because the insects fly upward towards the sun.
* So called for their habit of landing on branches and orienting upwards, towards the sky.
Derived species names are generally suffixed with -tentō.

偽瓢虫

偽瓢虫 てんとうむしだまし

a ladybird (UK), ladybug (US), lady beetle (any beetle of family Coccinellidae)

Synonym of 並瓢虫 (namitentō): an Asian lady beetle (Harmonia axyridis)


家鴨

ja-noun

家鴨(あひる) or 家鴨(アヒル) • (ahiru) (counter 羽)

家鴨 (canonical)
家鴨 (canonical)
ahiru (romanization)
羽 (counter)

Appears in texts from the late Muromachi period. Various theories exist regarding the derivation; one of the more common derives this as a sound shift from ahiro, appearing around the same time as a compound of 足 (a, “foot, feet”) + 広 (hiro, stem of adjective 広い (hiroi, “broad, wide”)).
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 家鴨 /家鸭 (jiāyā).

compound

stem of adjective <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">広い</i> (hiroi, “broad, wide”)

duck clogs; traditional wooden clogs; teeth; teeth; the wooden supports underneath

a style of 下駄 with short and a short distance between the

so named for the way it makes the wearer walk

家鴨が文庫を背負う: → metaphor for the appearance of a short woman with a large butt

家鴨の火事見舞いa duck going to visit someone after a fire” → a metaphor for a short

家鴨の脚絆: → metaphor for something unsuited to someone's nature

the domestic duck is also as proud as the wild duck

家鴨も鴨の気位: → a metaphor for putting on airs

the general sense that a domestic duck is not as pretty as a wild duck

an academic grade of “B” (from the way the 乙 (otsu) character, used to indicate this grade, looks vaguely like a duck)


膃肭臍

ja-noun

膃(おっ)肭(と)臍(せい) or 膃肭臍(オットセイ) • (ottosei) ^(←をつとつせい (wotutotusei)?)

膃肭臍 (canonical)
膃肭臍 (canonical)
ottosei (romanization)
wotutotusei (romanization)
をつとつせい (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 膃肭臍 (ʔuət̚ ɳɨuk̚ d͡zei), from Ainu オンネㇷ゚ (onnep) + 臍 (d͡zei).


洗熊

洗(あらい)熊(ぐま) or 洗熊(アライグマ) • (araiguma) ^(←あらひぐま (arafiguma)?)

洗熊 (canonical)
洗熊 (canonical)
araiguma (romanization)
arafiguma (romanization)
あらひぐま (hiragana historical)

[a̠ɾa̠iɡɯ̟ma̠]

Calque of New Latin Ursus lotor, equivalent to 洗い (arai, “washing”, from 洗う (“to wash”)) + 熊 (kuma, “bear”), based on raccoons' behavior of washing things that they like.

com

from <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">洗う</i> (“to wash”)

2020 March 21, Kazuki Nakashima, “Rabbit Town”, in BNA ビー・エヌ・エー [BNA], episode 2, spoken by Shirou Ogami (Yoshimasa Hosoya), Toho/Netflix:

If you're a raccoon, you'd have stripes on your tail. No matter how you look at it, you're a raccoon dog.

アライグマなら尻尾にシマがある。どう見でもタヌキだ。

Araiguma nara shippo ni shima ga aru. Dō mi demo tanuki da.

Procyon lotor
Procyon lotor#Translingual

a raccoon (nocturnal omnivore living in North America, Procyon lotor)


背赤後家蜘蛛

ja-noun

背(せ)赤(あか)後(ご)家(け)蜘蛛(ぐも) or 背赤後家蜘蛛(セアカゴケグモ) • (seakagokegumo)

背赤後家蜘蛛 (canonical)
背赤後家蜘蛛 (canonical)
seakagokegumo (romanization)


岩狸

岩狸 (canonical)
岩狸 (canonical)
iwadanuki (romanization)


狸藻

狸藻 (canonical)
狸藻 (canonical)
tanukimo (romanization)


金糸雀

金糸雀 (canonical)
kinshijaku (romanization)

→ Chinese: 金絲雀 /金丝雀 (jīnsīquè)

→ Korean: 금사작 (geumsajak)

[kʲĩɰ̃ɕiʑa̠kɯ̟]

Synonym of カナリア (kanaria, “canary”) (bird from Canary Islands)


狢藻

狢藻 (canonical)
狢藻 (canonical)
mujinamo (romanization)


山鶉

山鶉 (canonical)
山鶉 (canonical)
yamauzura (romanization)


鷓鴣

鷓鴣 (canonical)
鷓鴣 (canonical)
shako (romanization)


花魁鳥

花魁(おいらん)鳥(どり) or 花魁鳥(オイランドリ) • (oirandori)

花魁鳥 (canonical)
花魁鳥 (canonical)
oirandori (romanization)

エトピリカ エトピリカ#Japanese

Synonym of エトピリカ (etopirika, “tufted puffin”)


子守熊

子(こ)守(もり)熊(ぐま) or 子守熊(コモリグマ) • (komoriguma)

子守熊 (canonical)
子守熊 (canonical)
komoriguma (romanization)

子守り (komori, “babysitting”) + 熊 (kuma, “bear”)


雲豹

ja-noun

雲(うん)豹(ぴょう) or 雲豹(ウンピョウ) • (unpyō) ^(←うんぺう (unpeu) or ウンペウ (unpeu)?)

雲豹 (canonical)
雲豹 (canonical)
unpyō (romanization)
unpeu (romanization)
うんぺう (hiragana historical)
ウンペウ (hiragana historical)


西洋李

西(せい)洋(よう)李(すもも) or 西洋李(セイヨウスモモ) • (seiyō sumomo)

西洋李 (canonical)
西洋李 (canonical)
seiyō sumomo (romanization)

From 西洋 (seiyō, “The West”) + 李 (sumomo, “plum”).

compound

Prunus domestica
Prunus domestica#Translingual


針土竜

ja-noun

針(はり)土竜(もぐら) or 針土竜(ハリモグラ) • (harimogura)

針土竜 (canonical)
針土竜 (canonical)
harimogura (romanization)

[ha̠ɾʲimo̞ɡɯ̟ɾa̠]

From 針(はり) (hari, “needle”) + 土竜(もぐら) (mogura, “mole”).

ja-compound

Tachyglossus aculeatus
Tachyglossus aculeatus#Translingual

short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus


棗椰子

ja-noun

棗(なつめ)椰(や)子(し) or 棗椰子(ナツメヤシ) • (natsumeyashi)

棗椰子 (canonical)
棗椰子 (canonical)
natsumeyashi (romanization)

From 棗 (natsume, “jujube”) + 椰子 (yashi, “palm”).

com

Phoenix dactylifera
Phoenix dactylifera#Translingual


ヒマラヤ杉

ヒマラヤ杉 (canonical)
ヒマラヤ杉 (canonical)
himarayasugi (romanization)


絹猿

絹猿 (canonical)
絹猿 (canonical)
kinuzaru (romanization)


実蠅

ja-noun

実(み)蠅(ばえ) or 実蠅(ミバエ) • (mibae) ^(←みばへ (mibafe)?)

実蠅 (canonical)
実蠅 (canonical)
mibae (romanization)
mibafe (romanization)
みばへ (hiragana historical)


猩々蠅

猩(しょう)々(じょう)蠅(ばえ) or 猩々蠅(ショウジョウバエ) • (shōjōbae) ^(←しやうじやうばへ (syauzyaubafe)?)

猩々蠅 (canonical)
猩々蠅 (canonical)
shōjōbae (romanization)
syauzyaubafe (romanization)
しやうじやうばへ (hiragana historical)


手長猿

手長猿 (canonical)
tenagazaru (romanization)

手 (te, “arm”) + 長 (naga, “long”) + 猿 (saru, “ape”), literally “long-armed ape”


指猿

指猿 (canonical)
指猿 (canonical)
yubizaru (romanization)


ハイエナ

Daijirin
Daijisen
Hyena
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:ハイエナ
ja:松村明


殿様蛙

ja-noun

殿(との)様(さま)蛙(がえる) or 殿様蛙(トノサマガエル) • (tonosamagaeru)

殿様蛙 (canonical)
殿様蛙 (canonical)
tonosamagaeru (romanization)

dark-spotted frog, Pelophylax nigromaculatus (formerly Rana nigromaculata)


鰐梨

鰐梨 (canonical)
鰐梨 (canonical)
waninashi (romanization)

[β̞a̠ɲ̟ina̠ɕi]

Compound of 鰐 (wani, “crocodile”) + 梨 (nashi, “pear”), calque of English alligator pear.

af

(dated) Synonym of アボカド (abokado, “avocado, alligator pear”)


枸櫞

枸櫞 (canonical)
枸櫞 (canonical)
kuen (romanization)

Citrus medica
Citrus medica#Translingual


菠薐草

ja-noun

菠(ほう)薐(れん)草(そう) or 菠薐草(ホウレンソウ) • (hōrensō) ^(←はうれんさう (faurensau)?)

菠薐草 (canonical)
菠薐草 (canonical)
hōrensō (romanization)
faurensau (romanization)
はうれんさう (hiragana historical)

[ho̞ːɾẽ̞ɰ̃so̞ː]

The plant was introduced to Japan in the 16th century from China. A number of Japanese sources state that the term 菠薐 (hōren) had previously been borrowed from Middle Chinese 菠薐 to refer vaguely to Persia or Nepal. The spinach plant did likely originate in the area of ancient Persia, but the Chinese term itself means spinach, not Nepal or Persia or any other place name. The plant was introduced to China via the region of Nepal around the year 647, suggesting that the Chinese term may have been borrowed from the Sanskrit language in use by the Licchavi kingdom ruling Nepal at that time. One possible Sanskrit source term is पालङ्ग (pālaṅga, “beet” or “beet greens” initially, later extended to also refer to “spinach”). Compare modern Nepali पालुङ्गो (pāluṅgo, “spinach”).
The Japanese term would thus be a compound of 菠薐 (hōren, “spinach”, obsolete, not used in modern Japanese) + 草 (sō, “herb, plant”).
The alternative kanji spellings are ateji or phonetic substitutions.


白鼬

白鼬 (canonical)
shiroitachi (romanization)


馬陸

馬陸 (canonical)
馬陸 (canonical)
yasude (romanization)

The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 馬陸 /马陆 (mǎlù)


団栗

団栗 (canonical)
団栗 (canonical)
donguri (romanization)


ディル

Anethum graveolens
Anethum graveolens#Translingual

dill (herb of the species Anethum graveolens)


パセリ

From English parsley. Perhaps influenced by 芹(せり) (seri); parsley is a member of セリ科(か) (seri-ka, “Apiaceae”).


臍猪

ja-noun

臍(へそ)猪(いのしし) or 臍猪(ヘソイノシシ) • (hesoinoshishi) ^(←へそゐのしし (fesowinosisi)?)

臍猪 (canonical)
臍猪 (canonical)
hesoinoshishi (romanization)
fesowinosisi (romanization)
へそゐのしし (hiragana historical)

Compound of 臍 (heso, “navel”) + 猪 (inoshishi, “wild boar”).


針槐

針槐 (canonical)
針槐 (canonical)
harienju (romanization)


大膳

大膳 (canonical)
大膳 (canonical)
daizen (romanization)

Pluvialis squatarola
Pluvialis squatarola#Translingual


黄梅

ja-noun

黄(おう)梅(ばい) or 黄梅(オウバイ) • (ōbai)

黄梅 (canonical)
黄梅 (canonical)
ōbai (romanization)


鷦鷯

鷦鷯 (canonical)
鷦鷯 (canonical)
misosazai (romanization)

Compound of 三十(みそ) (miso) + 三(さ) (sa) + 才(さい) (sai). The sai changes to zai as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Troglodytes troglodytes
Troglodytes troglodytes#Translingual


鬚鯨

鬚(ひげ)鯨(くじら) or 鬚鯨(ヒゲクジラ) • (higekujira) ^(←ひげくぢら (figekudira)?)

鬚鯨 (canonical)
鬚鯨 (canonical)
higekujira (romanization)
figekudira (romanization)
ひげくぢら (hiragana historical)

[çiɡe̞kɯ̟ʑiɾa̠]

From 鬚 (hige, “beard”) + 鯨 (kujira, “whale”).


蟻食

蟻(あり)食(くい) or 蟻食(アリクイ) • (arikui) ^(←ありくひ (arikufi) or アリクヒ (arikufi)?)

蟻食 (canonical)
蟻食 (canonical)
arikui (romanization)
arikufi (romanization)
ありくひ (hiragana historical)
アリクヒ (hiragana historical)

蟻 (ari, “ant”) + 食い (kui, “eating; eater”, from 食う (kuu, “to eat”))

com

from <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">食う</i> (kuu, “to eat”)


袋蟻食

ja-noun

袋(ふくろ)蟻(あり)食(くい) or 袋蟻食(フクロアリクイ) • (fukuroarikui)

袋蟻食 (canonical)
袋蟻食 (canonical)
fukuroarikui (romanization)

From 袋 (fukuro, “pouch”) + 蟻食 (arikui, “anteater”).


山椒食

ja-noun

山(さん)椒(しょう)食(くい) or 山椒食(サンショウクイ) • (sanshōkui) ^(←さんせうくひ (sanseukufi)?)

山椒食 (canonical)
山椒食 (canonical)
sanshōkui (romanization)
sanseukufi (romanization)
さんせうくひ (hiragana historical)


五斂子

[ɡo̞ɾẽ̞ɰ̃ɕi]

スターフルーツ スターフルーツ#Japanese


沖醤蝦

沖醤蝦 (canonical)
沖醤蝦 (canonical)
okiami (romanization)

From 沖 (oki, “open sea”) + 醤蝦 (ami, “opossum shrimp”). 醤蝦 is jukujikun (熟字訓).


家蝿

ja-noun

家(いえ)蝿(ばえ) or 家蝿(イエバエ) • (iebae) ^(←いへばへ (ifebafe)?) (counter 匹)

家蝿 (canonical)
家蝿 (canonical)
iebae (romanization)
ifebafe (romanization)
匹 (counter)
いへばへ (hiragana historical)


猩々蝿

猩(しょう)々(じょう)蝿(ばえ) or 猩々蝿(ショウジョウバエ) • (shōjōbae)

猩々蝿 (canonical)
猩々蝿 (canonical)
shōjōbae (romanization)

猩々(しょうじょう) (shōjō, “heavy drinker”) + 蝿(はえ) (hae, “fly”). The hae changes to bae as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

fruit fly, a fly in the family Drosophilidae


癭蝿

癭蝿 (canonical)
癭蝿 (canonical)
tamabae (romanization)

gall midge, an insect of the family Cecidomyiidae


癭蠅

癭蠅 (canonical)
癭蠅 (canonical)
tamabae (romanization)


癭蜂

癭蜂 (canonical)
癭蜂 (canonical)
tamabachi (romanization)


一瘤駱駝

ja-noun

一(ひと)瘤(こぶ)駱(らく)駝(だ) or 一瘤駱駝(ヒトコブラクダ) • (hitokobu rakuda)

一瘤駱駝 (canonical)
一瘤駱駝 (canonical)
hitokobu rakuda (romanization)

一 (hito, “one”) + 瘤 (kobu, “lump”) + 駱駝 (rakuda, “camel”)

af

Camelus dromedarius
Camelus dromedarius#Translingual

a dromedary (Camelus dromedarius, the single-humped camel)

駱駝

一瘤駱駝 (hitokobu rakuda; ), 二瘤駱駝 (futakobu rakuda, )


鎧土竜蜚蠊

ja-noun

鎧(よろい)土竜(もぐら)蜚蠊(ごきぶり) or 鎧土竜蜚蠊(ヨロイモグラゴキブリ) • (yoroimoguragokiburi)

鎧土竜蜚蠊 (canonical)
鎧土竜蜚蠊 (canonical)
yoroimoguragokiburi (romanization)

鎧(よろい) (yoroi, “armor”) + 土竜(もぐら) (mogura, “mole”) + 蜚蠊(ごきぶり) (gokiburi, “cockroach”).

ja-compound

giant burrowing cockroach
giant burrowing cockroach


オーストラリア黒朱鷺

ja-noun

オーストラリア黒朱鷺(くろとき) or オーストラリア黒朱鷺(クロトキ) • (ōsutorariakurotoki)

オーストラリア黒朱鷺 (canonical)
オーストラリア黒朱鷺 (canonical)
ōsutorariakurotoki (romanization)

Australian white ibis
Australian white ibis

赤足黒朱鷺

赤足黒朱鷺 アカアシクロトキ


赤足黒朱鷺

赤(あか)足(あし)黒(くろ)朱鷺(とき) or 赤足黒朱鷺(アカアシクロトキ) • (akaashikurotoki)

赤足黒朱鷺 (canonical)
赤足黒朱鷺 (canonical)
akaashikurotoki (romanization)


熊麝香猫

熊(くま)麝(じゃ)香(こう)猫(ねこ) or 熊麝香猫(クマジャコウネコ) • (kumajakōneko)

熊麝香猫 (canonical)
熊麝香猫 (canonical)
kumajakōneko (romanization)


麒麟羚羊

麒(き)麟(りん)羚(れい)羊(よう) or 麒麟羚羊(キリンレイヨウ) • (kirin reiyō)

麒麟羚羊 (canonical)
麒麟羚羊 (canonical)
kirin reiyō (romanization)

[kʲiɾʲin̺ ɾe̞ːjo̞ː]

Compound of 麒麟 (kirin, “giraffe”) + 羚羊 (reiyō, “gazelle”).

compound

Litocranius walleri: a gerenuk, a Waller's gazelle


麝香猫

ja-noun

麝(じゃ)香(こう)猫(ねこ) or 麝香猫(ジャコウネコ) • (jakōneko) ^(←じやかうねこ (zyakauneko) or ジヤカウネコ (zyakauneko)?)

麝香猫 (canonical)
麝香猫 (canonical)
jakōneko (romanization)
zyakauneko (romanization)
じやかうねこ (hiragana historical)
ジヤカウネコ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 麝(じゃ)香(こう) (jakō, “musk”) + 猫(ねこ) (neko, “cat”).


麝香豌豆

ja-noun

麝(じゃ)香(こう)豌(えん)豆(どう) or 麝香豌豆(ジャコウエンドウ) • (jakōendō)

麝香豌豆 (canonical)
麝香豌豆 (canonical)
jakōendō (romanization)


麝香連理草

麝(じゃ)香(こう)連(れん)理(り)草(そう) or 麝香連理草(ジャコウレンリソウ) • (jakōrenrisō)

麝香連理草 (canonical)
麝香連理草 (canonical)
jakōrenrisō (romanization)

麝香(じゃこう) (jakō) + 連理(れんり) (renri) + 草(そう) (sō)


麝香鹿

ja-noun

麝(じゃ)香(こう)鹿(じか) or 麝香鹿(ジャコウジカ) • (jakōjika) ^(←じやかうじか (zyakauzika)?)

麝香鹿 (canonical)
麝香鹿 (canonical)
jakōjika (romanization)
zyakauzika (romanization)
じやかうじか (hiragana historical)

Compound of 麝香 (jakō, “musk”) + 鹿 (shika, “deer”). The shika changes to jika as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


麝香牛

麝(じゃ)香(こう)牛(うし) or 麝香牛(ジャコウウシ) • (jakōushi)

麝香牛 (canonical)
麝香牛 (canonical)
jakōushi (romanization)

[d͡ʑa̠ko̞ːɯ̟ɕi]

麝香(じゃこう) (jakō, “musk”) + 牛(うし) (ushi, “cow, ox”)


旅鼠

旅鼠 (canonical)
旅鼠 (canonical)
tabinezumi (romanization)

旅 (tabi, “trip; travel”) + 鼠 (nezumi, “rat; mouse”)


巴旦杏

ja-noun

巴(は)旦(たん)杏(きょう) or 巴旦杏(ハタンキョウ) • (hatankyō)

巴旦杏 (canonical)
巴旦杏 (canonical)
hatankyō (romanization)

Prunus amygdalus
Prunus amygdalus#Translingual


木賊

木賊 (canonical)
木賊 (canonical)
tokusa (romanization)

Equisetum hyemale
Equisetum hyemale#Translingual


波羅蜜

波(は)羅(ら)蜜(みつ) or 波羅蜜(ハラミツ) or 波羅蜜(ぱらみつ) or 波羅蜜(パラミツ) • (haramitsu or paramitsu)

波羅蜜 (canonical)
波羅蜜 (canonical)
波羅蜜 (canonical)
波羅蜜 (canonical)
haramitsu (romanization)
paramitsu (romanization)

Alternative reading paramitsu reborrowed from Sanskrit पारमिता (pāramitā).


パンの木

パンの木 (canonical)
pan no ki (romanization)

パン (“bread”) + の (attributive marker) + 木 (“tree”)


鴨跖草

ja-noun

鴨(おう)跖(せき)草(そう) • (ōsekisō) ^(←あふせきさう (afusekisau)?)

鴨跖草 (canonical)
ōsekisō (romanization)
afusekisau (romanization)
あふせきさう (hiragana historical)

Synonym of 露草 (tsuyukusa, “Asiatic dayflower, Commelina communis”)

露草

dried flowers of Asiatic dayflower used in Japanese herbal medicine


酸棗仁

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(traditional Chinese medicine) jujube seeds


馬兜鈴

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried fruit of Aristolochia debilis


斑鳩

斑鳩 (canonical)
斑鳩 (canonical)
ikaru (romanization)

From Old Japanese. The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓).


斑鳩

[ika̠ɾɯ̟ɡa̠]


田鳧

田鳧 (canonical)
田鳧 (canonical)
tageri (romanization)

田(た) (ta, “field”) + 鳧(けり) (keri, “grey-headed lapwing”).

ja-compound

Vanellus vanellus
Vanellus vanellus#Translingual


紋白蝶

ja-noun

紋(もん)白(しろ)蝶(ちょう) or 紋白蝶(モンシロチョウ) • (monshirochō) ^(←もんしろてふ (monsirotefu) or モンシロテフ (monsirotefu)?)

紋白蝶 (canonical)
紋白蝶 (canonical)
monshirochō (romanization)
monsirotefu (romanization)
もんしろてふ (hiragana historical)
モンシロテフ (hiragana historical)

[mõ̞ɰ̃ɕiɾo̞t͡ɕo̞ː]

紋 (mon, “crest”) + 白蝶 (shirochō, “pierid”)


抹香鯨

ja-noun

抹(まっ)香(こう)鯨(くじら) or 抹香鯨(マッコウクジラ) • (makkōkujira) ^(←まつかうくぢら (matukaukudira) or マツカウクヂラ (matukaukudira)?)

抹香鯨 (canonical)
抹香鯨 (canonical)
makkōkujira (romanization)
matukaukudira (romanization)
まつかうくぢら (hiragana historical)
マツカウクヂラ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 抹香(まっこう) (makkō, “incense”) + 鯨(くじら) (kujira, “whale”).

ja-compound

ja:マッコウクジラ ja:マッコウクジラ上科


細辛

薄葉細辛

薄葉細辛 ウスバサイシン

尾長細辛

尾長細辛 オナガサイシン

(traditional Chinese medicine) rhizome of Asarum sieboldii used in medicine


欧州蓬

ja-noun

欧(おう)州(しゅう)蓬(よもぎ) or 欧州蓬(オウシュウヨモギ) • (ōshūyomogi)

欧州蓬 (canonical)
欧州蓬 (canonical)
ōshūyomogi (romanization)

[o̞ːɕɨːjo̞mo̞ɡʲi]

Artemisia vulgaris
Artemisia vulgaris#Translingual


斑猫

斑(はん)猫(みょう) or 斑猫(ハンミョウ) • (hanmyō) ^(←はんめう (fanmeu)?)

斑猫 (canonical)
斑猫 (canonical)
hanmyō (romanization)
fanmeu (romanization)
はんめう (hiragana historical)

Japanese tiger beetle, Cicindela chinensis japonica

tiger beetle, a general term for beetles in the family Cicindelidae


殺虫

殺虫する (canonical)
satchū suru (romanization)
殺虫し (stem)
殺虫した (past)
殺虫し
さっちゅうし
satchū shi
殺虫する
さっちゅうする
satchū suru
殺虫すれ
さっちゅうすれ
satchū sure
殺虫せよ (imperative literary)
殺虫しろ (colloquial imperative)
さっちゅうせよ (imperative literary)
さっちゅうしろ (colloquial imperative)
satchū seyo (imperative literary)
satchū shiro (colloquial imperative)
殺虫される (passive)
さっちゅうされる (passive)
satchū sareru (passive)
殺虫させる (causative)
殺虫さす (causative)
さっちゅうさせる (causative)
さっちゅうさす (causative)
satchū saseru (causative)
satchū sasu (causative)
殺虫できる (potential)
さっちゅうできる (potential)
satchū dekiru (potential)
殺虫しよう (volitional)
さっちゅうしよう (volitional)
satchū shiyō (volitional)
殺虫しない (negative)
さっちゅうしない (negative)
satchū shinai (negative)
殺虫せず (continuative negative)
さっちゅうせず (continuative negative)
satchū sezu (continuative negative)
殺虫します (formal)
さっちゅうします (formal)
satchū shimasu (formal)
殺虫した (perfective)
さっちゅうした (perfective)
satchū shita (perfective)
殺虫して (conjunctive)
さっちゅうして (conjunctive)
satchū shite (conjunctive)
殺虫すれば (conditional hypothetical)
さっちゅうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
satchū sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[sa̠t̚t͡ɕɨː]


大山椒魚

大(おお)山(さん)椒(しょう)魚(うお) or 大山椒魚(オオサンショウウオ) • (ōsanshōuo) ^(←おほさんせううを (ofosanseuuwo) or オホサンセウウヲ (ofosanseuuwo)?)

大山椒魚 (canonical)
大山椒魚 (canonical)
ōsanshōuo (romanization)
ofosanseuuwo (romanization)
おほさんせううを (hiragana historical)
オホサンセウウヲ (hiragana historical)

[o̞ːsã̠ɰ̃ɕo̞ːɯ̟o̞]

大(おお) (ō, “big”) + 山椒魚(さんしょううお) (sanshōuo, “primitive salamander”)

ja-compound

Japanese giant salamander
Japanese giant salamander

a Japanese giant salamander, Andrias japonicus

ja:オオサンショウウオ


白頭翁

ja-noun

白(はく)頭(とう)翁(おう) or 白頭翁(ハクトウオウ) • (hakutōō) ^(←はくとうをう (fakutouwou)?)

白頭翁 (canonical)
白頭翁 (canonical)
hakutōō (romanization)
fakutouwou (romanization)
はくとうをう (hiragana historical)

白頭(はくとう) (hakutō, “grey hair”) + 翁(おう) (ō, “old man”)

ja-compound

Synonym of 椋鳥 (mukudori, “white-cheeked starling, grey starling, Spodiopsar cineraceus”)

椋鳥

Synonym of 翁草 (okinagusa, “Pulsatilla cernua”)

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried root of Pulsatilla cernua used in medicine


蘆薈

蘆薈 (canonical)
rokai (romanization)
rokwai (romanization)
ろくわい (hiragana historical)

→ Okinawan: 蘆薈 (rugwai, dugwai)

/roe/ → /rokwai/ → /rokai/
Originally borrowed from Latin aloe.
During the Edo period, this plant was known in Japan as roe, an abbreviation of the Latin-derived genus name Aloe.
The kanji spelling is ateji (当て字), based on the borrowed reading of e for 薈 (which has official on'yomi of wai and kai, historical kwai), based on the goon reading of e for the separate character 會, the lower portion of the character 薈 (and the kyūjitai form of shinjitai 会). Over time, the irregular e reading reverted to the then-official kwai reading, which then shifted to produce modern rokai.


防風

ja-noun

防(ぼう)風(ふう) or 防風(ボウフウ) • (bōfū)

防風 (canonical)
防風 (canonical)
bōfū (romanization)

伊吹防風

伊吹防風 イブキボウフウ

河原防風

河原防風 カワラボウフウ

牡丹防風

牡丹防風 ボタンボウフウ

阿蘭陀防風

阿蘭陀防風 オランダボウフウ

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata used in medicine


山椒魚

山(さん)椒(しょう)魚(うお) or 山椒魚(サンショウウオ) • (sanshōuo) ^(←さんせううを (sanseuuwo) or サンセウウヲ (sanseuuwo)?)

山椒魚 (canonical)
山椒魚 (canonical)
sanshōuo (romanization)
sanseuuwo (romanization)
さんせううを (hiragana historical)
サンセウウヲ (hiragana historical)

[sã̠ɰ̃ɕo̞ːɯ̟o̞]

山(さん)椒(しょう) (sanshō, “Japanese pepper”) + 魚(うお) (uo, “fish”).

ja-compound

a primitive salamander; a cryptobranchoid


光桃

光桃 (canonical)
光桃 (canonical)
hikarimomo (romanization)


椿桃

椿桃 (canonical)
椿桃 (canonical)
zubaimomo (romanization)


椿桃

椿桃 (canonical)
椿桃 (canonical)
tsubaimomo (romanization)


椿桃

ja-noun

椿(つばき)桃(もも) or 椿桃(ツバキモモ) • (tsubakimomo)

椿桃 (canonical)
椿桃 (canonical)
tsubakimomo (romanization)


頭黒溝五位

頭(ず)黒(ぐろ)溝(みぞ)五(ご)位(い) or 頭黒溝五位(ズグロミゾゴイ) • (zuguromizogoi)

頭黒溝五位 (canonical)
頭黒溝五位 (canonical)
zuguromizogoi (romanization)


貝母

(traditional Chinese medicine) bulb of Fritillaria verticillata var. thunbergii used in medicine


鶺鴒

鶺鴒 (canonical)
鶺鴒 (canonical)
sekirei (romanization)


鶺鴒

鶺鴒 (canonical)
niwakunaburi (romanization)

[ɲ̟iβ̞a̠kɯ̟na̠bɯ̟ɾʲi]


鶺鴒

鶺鴒 (canonical)
manabashira (romanization)


オリーブ

オリーブ • (orību)


袋狼

袋(ふくろ)狼(おおかみ) or 袋狼(フクロオオカミ) • (fukuroōkami) ^(←ふくろおほかみ (fukuroofokami) or フクロオホカミ (fukuroofokami)?)

袋狼 (canonical)
袋狼 (canonical)
fukuroōkami (romanization)
fukuroofokami (romanization)
ふくろおほかみ (hiragana historical)
フクロオホカミ (hiragana historical)

[ɸɯ̟̊kɯ̟ɾo̞o̞ːka̠mʲi]

From 袋 (fukuro, “pouch”) + 狼 (ōkami, “wolf”).


駄津

駄津 (canonical)
駄津 (canonical)
datsu (romanization)


一匹

一匹狼

一匹狼 いっぴきおおかみ


溝五位

溝(みぞ)五(ご)位(い) or 溝五位(ミゾゴイ) • (mizogoi) ^(←みぞごゐ (mizogowi)?)

溝五位 (canonical)
溝五位 (canonical)
mizogoi (romanization)
mizogowi (romanization)
みぞごゐ (hiragana historical)

Japanese night heron
Japanese night heron


五位鷺

五(ご)位(い)鷺(さぎ) or 五位鷺(ゴイサギ) • (goisagi) ^(←ごゐさぎ (gowisagi)?)

五位鷺 (canonical)
五位鷺 (canonical)
goisagi (romanization)
gowisagi (romanization)
ごゐさぎ (hiragana historical)

black-crowned night heron
black-crowned night heron

night heron, specifically black-crowned night heron


蘆木

蘆木 (canonical)
蘆木 (canonical)
roboku (romanization)


南薑

南(なん)薑(きょう) or 南薑(ナンキョウ) • (nankyō)

南薑 (canonical)
南薑 (canonical)
nankyō (romanization)


氈鹿

氈鹿 (canonical)
氈鹿 (canonical)
kamoshika (romanization)

氈 (kamo, “carpet made of a pelt”) + 鹿 (shika, “deer”)


牛氈鹿

ja-noun

牛(うし)氈(かも)鹿(しか) or 牛氈鹿(ウシカモシカ) • (ushikamoshika)

牛氈鹿 (canonical)
牛氈鹿 (canonical)
ushikamoshika (romanization)

牛 (ushi, “cattle”) + 氈鹿 (kamoshika, “serow”)


緑花野菜

ja-noun

緑(みどり)花(はな)野(や)菜(さい) or 緑花野菜(ミドリハナヤサイ) • (midorihanayasai)

緑花野菜 (canonical)
緑花野菜 (canonical)
midorihanayasai (romanization)

緑 (midori, “green”) + 花野菜 (hanayasai, “cauliflower”)

af

ブロッコリー ブロッコリー#Japanese

Synonym of ブロッコリー (burokkorī, “broccoli”)


芽花野菜

ja-noun

芽(め)花(はな)野(や)菜(さい) or 芽花野菜(メハナヤサイ) • (mehanayasai)

芽花野菜 (canonical)
芽花野菜 (canonical)
mehanayasai (romanization)

芽 (me, “sprout”) + 花野菜 (hanayasai, “cauliflower”)

af

ブロッコリー ブロッコリー#Japanese


花野菜

ja-noun

花(はな)野(や)菜(さい) or 花野菜(ハナヤサイ) • (hanayasai)

花野菜 (canonical)
花野菜 (canonical)
hanayasai (romanization)

From 花(はな) (hana, “flower”) + 野菜(やさい) (yasai, “vegetable”).

ja-compound

カリフラワー カリフラワー#Japanese

Synonym of カリフラワー (karifurawā, “cauliflower”)


花甘藍

花甘藍 (canonical)
hana kanran (romanization)

[ha̠na̠ kã̠n̺ɾã̠ɴ]

Compound of 花 (hana, “flower”) + 甘藍 (kanran, “cabbage”, literally “sweet indigo”, the Chinese term for cabbage).

compound

カリフラワー カリフラワー#Japanese


花キャベツ

ja-noun

花(はな)キャベツ or 花(ハナ)キャベツ • (hana kyabetsu)

花キャベツ (canonical)
花キャベツ (canonical)
hana kyabetsu (romanization)

Compound of 花 (hana, “flower”) + キャベツ (kyabetsu, “cabbage”).

compound

カリフラワー カリフラワー#Japanese


白頭鷲

ja-noun

白(はく)頭(とう)鷲(わし) or 白頭鷲(ハクトウワシ) • (hakutōwashi)

白頭鷲 (canonical)
白頭鷲 (canonical)
hakutōwashi (romanization)

[ha̠kɯ̟̊to̞ːβ̞a̠ɕi]

From 白頭 (hakutō, “white head”) + 鷲 (washi, “eagle”).


禿鷲

禿鷲 (canonical)
禿鷲 (canonical)
hagewashi (romanization)

[ha̠ɡe̞β̞a̠ɕi]


フィリピン鷲

ja-noun

フィリピン鷲(わし) or フィリピン鷲(ワシ) • (Firipin washi)

フィリピン鷲 (canonical)
フィリピン鷲 (canonical)
Firipin washi (romanization)

[ɸʲiɾʲipʲiɰ̃ β̞a̠ɕi]

フィリピン (Firipin, “Philippines”) + 鷲 (washi, “eagle”)


海鷲

海鷲 (canonical)
海鷲 (canonical)
umiwashi (romanization)

[ɯ̟mʲiβ̞a̠ɕi]


癩菌

Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium leprae#Translingual

Mycobacterium leprae, the bacteria that causes leprosy


馬脚

(by extension) one's true character or circumstances


床虱

床虱 (canonical)
床虱 (canonical)
tokojirami (romanization)


苔桃

苔桃 (canonical)
苔桃 (canonical)
kokemomo (romanization)

Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Vaccinium vitis-idaea#Translingual

lingonberry, cowberry, Vaccinium vitis-idaea


毛氈苔

ja-noun

毛氈苔(モウセンゴケ) or 毛(もう)氈(せん)苔(ごけ) • (mōsengoke)

毛氈苔 (canonical)
毛氈苔 (canonical)
mōsengoke (romanization)


蒟醤

蒟醤 (canonical)
蒟醤 (canonical)
kinma (romanization)


天鵞

From Middle Chinese compound 天鵞 /天鹅 (then nga, “swan”, literally “heavenly + goose”). The second character 鵞 /鹅 (é) has apparently been superseded in modern Chinese by the alternative form 鵝 /鹅 (é). Compare modern Cantonese 天鵝 /天鹅 (tin¹ ngo⁴).
This word appears in the 1734 work 本朝世事綺談 (Honchō Seji Kidan, “Embellished Tales of Everyday Japan”; also listed as 本朝世事談綺, with the last two characters swapped), in a description of the kanji spelling of 天鵞絨 (tengajū ,alternative reading birōdo, “velvet”, archaic, largely replaced by the borrowed term ビロード (birōdo)).


鵞口瘡菌

鵞口瘡菌 (canonical)
gakōsōkin (romanization)


プラナリア

[pɯ̟ɾa̠na̠ɾʲia̠]


肝蛭

肝蛭 (canonical)
肝蛭 (canonical)
kantetsu (romanization)


鱗木

鱗木 (canonical)
鱗木 (canonical)
rinboku (romanization)

scale tree, trees of the extinct genus Lepidodendron


橉木

橉木 (canonical)
橉木 (canonical)
rinboku (romanization)

Prunus spinulosa
Prunus spinulosa#Translingual

a tree of species Prunus spinulosa, found in Japan


伽藍鳥

[ɡa̠ɾã̠ɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ː]

伽藍(がらん) (garan, “Buddhist temple, monastery”) + 鳥(ちょう) (chō, “bird”)


袋鰻

ja-noun

袋(ふくろ)鰻(うなぎ) or 袋鰻(フクロウナギ) • (fukurounagi)

袋鰻 (canonical)
袋鰻 (canonical)
fukurounagi (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟kɯ̟ɾo̞ɯ̟na̠ɡʲi]

Literally, “bag eel”, 袋(ふくろ) (fukuro, “bag”) + 鰻(うなぎ) (unagi, “eel”)


電気鰻

ja-noun

電(でん)気(き)鰻(うなぎ) or 電気鰻(デンキウナギ) • (denkiunagi)

電気鰻 (canonical)
電気鰻 (canonical)
denkiunagi (romanization)

電気(でんき) (denki, “electricity”) + 鰻(うなぎ) (unagi, “eel”)

ja-compound

Electrophorus electricus
Electrophorus electricus#Translingual


鬼鰧

鬼鰧 (canonical)
鬼鰧 (canonical)
oniokoze (romanization)
鬼虎魚 (alternative)

Inimicus japonicus, devil stinger, a Japanese species of scorpionfish


鬼糸巻鱏

ja-noun

鬼(おに)糸(いと)巻(まき)鱏(えい) or 鬼糸巻鱏(オニイトマキエイ) • (oniitomakiei)

鬼糸巻鱏 (canonical)
鬼糸巻鱏 (canonical)
oniitomakiei (romanization)

manta ray; specifically, a giant oceanic manta ray (genus Manta)


鬼達磨鰧

鬼(おに)達(だる)磨(ま)鰧(おこぜ) or 鬼達磨鰧(オニダルマオコゼ) • (onidarumaokoze)

鬼達磨鰧 (canonical)
鬼達磨鰧 (canonical)
onidarumaokoze (romanization)


赤鱏

赤鱏 (canonical)
赤鱏 (canonical)
akaei (romanization)

stingray; specifically, the whiptail stingray or, more specifically, the red stingray


燕尾鸛

燕(えん)尾(び)鸛(こう) or 燕尾鸛(エンビコウ) • (enbikō)

燕尾鸛 (canonical)
燕尾鸛 (canonical)
enbikō (romanization)

Ciconia maguari
Ciconia maguari#Translingual


白襟禿鷲

白襟禿鷲(シロエリハゲワシ) or 白(しろ)襟(えり)禿(はげ)鷲(わし) • (shiroerihagewashi)

白襟禿鷲 (canonical)
白襟禿鷲 (canonical)
shiroerihagewashi (romanization)


駒鶇

駒(こま)鶇(つぐみ) or 駒鶇(コマツグミ) • (komatsugumi)

駒鶇 (canonical)
駒鶇 (canonical)
komatsugumi (romanization)


燕尾

a round-tipped 纓 (ei, “the tail of a 冠 (kanmuri, “traditional silk cap”)”)

Short for 燕尾帽 (enbibō, “a high black hat with long split sides, worn by monks and blind court musicians”).

燕尾帽

(painting) a method of painting bamboo leaves in the 南画 (Nanga, “literati painting”) style


小金目梟

小(こ)金(きん)目(め)梟(ふくろう) or 小金目梟(コキンメフクロウ) • (kokinmefukurō)

小金目梟 (canonical)
小金目梟 (canonical)
kokinmefukurō (romanization)

小 (ko, “little”) + 金目梟 (kinmefukurō, “boreal owl”)


蘇合香

ja-noun

蘇(そ)合(ごう)香(こう) or 蘇合香(ソゴウコウ) • (sogōkō) ^(←そがふかう (sogafukau)?)

蘇合香 (canonical)
蘇合香 (canonical)
sogōkō (romanization)
sogafukau (romanization)
そがふかう (hiragana historical)

Liquidambar orientalis
Liquidambar orientalis#Translingual

oriental sweetgum, Liquidambar orientalis


大女子

大(おお)女(な)子(ご) or 大女子(オオナゴ) • (ōnago)

大女子 (canonical)
大女子 (canonical)
ōnago (romanization)

Reanalysis of 小女子(こおなご) (kōnago) as a small sand lance, and replacingly prefixing 大 (ō-, “big”) + 女子 (nago, bound morpheme of 小女子, interpreted as "sand lance") to form an antonym thereof.


西角目鳥

ja-noun

西(にし)角(つの)目(め)鳥(どり) or 西角目鳥(ニシツノメドリ) • (nishitsunomedori)

西角目鳥 (canonical)
西角目鳥 (canonical)
nishitsunomedori (romanization)

From 西 (nishi, “west”) + 角目鳥 (tsunomedori, “horned puffin”).


角目鳥

ja-noun

角(つの)目(め)鳥(どり) or 角目鳥(ツノメドリ) • (tsunomedori)

角目鳥 (canonical)
角目鳥 (canonical)
tsunomedori (romanization)

角 (tsuno, “horn”) + 目 (me, “eye”) + 鳥 (tori, “bird”)


青梅

青梅 (canonical)
Ōme (romanization)
Awome (romanization)
あをめ (hiragana historical)


細野毛麦

ja-noun

細(ほそ)野(の)毛(げ)麦(むぎ) or 細野毛麦(ホソノゲムギ) • (hosonogemugi)

細野毛麦 (canonical)
細野毛麦 (canonical)
hosonogemugi (romanization)

Hordeum jubatum
Hordeum jubatum#Translingual


燕鰶

燕(つばめ)鰶(このしろ) or 燕鰶(ツバメコノシロ) • (tsubamekonoshiro)

燕鰶 (canonical)
燕鰶 (canonical)
tsubamekonoshiro (romanization)

threadfin, specifically striped threadfin


狩猟豹

狩猟豹 (canonical)
shuryōhyō (romanization)


チーター

チーター • (chītā)


酸漿

酸漿(ほおずき) or 酸漿(ホオズキ) • (hōzuki) ^(←ほほづき (fofoduki) or ホホヅキ (fofoduki)?)

酸漿 (canonical)
酸漿 (canonical)
hōzuki (romanization)
fofoduki (romanization)
ほほづき (hiragana historical)
ホホヅキ (hiragana historical)

Probably originally a compound of 頬 (hō, “cheeks”) + 付き (tsuki, “resembling, appearing like”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 付く tsuku “to stick → to become a certain state or quality”), from the way the husk vaguely resembles bulging red cheeks. The tsuki changes to zuki as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The 酸漿 kanji spelling is from the Chinese term. The 鬼灯 kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), literally meaning “demon's lantern”.

com

Vernacular names include the Chinese lantern, Japanese lantern, bladder cherry, winter cherry, husk tomato, and the strawberry groundcherry.

Physalis alkekengi
Physalis alkekengi#Translingual


鉄砲百合

ja-noun

鉄(てっ)砲(ぽう)百合(ゆり) or 鉄砲百合(テッポウユリ) • (teppōyuri)

鉄砲百合 (canonical)
鉄砲百合 (canonical)
teppōyuri (romanization)

Literally gun lily, 鉄砲(てっぽう) (teppō, “gun”) + 百合(ゆり) (yuri, “lily”)


鉄砲魚

ja-noun

鉄(てっ)砲(ぽう)魚(うお) or 鉄砲魚(テッポウウオ) • (teppōuo)

鉄砲魚 (canonical)
鉄砲魚 (canonical)
teppōuo (romanization)

Literally, “gun fish”, compound of 鉄砲(てっぽう) (teppō, “gun”) + 魚(うお) (uo, “fish”)

ja-compound

archerfish, specifically banded archerfish


目梶木

目梶木 (canonical)
目梶木 (canonical)
mekajiki (romanization)


カミツレ

Borrowed from Dutch kamille. ツ represented 促音 (sokuon) at a time when Japanese did not have an orthographical distinction between ツ and ッ, and a geminated r was (and still is) foreign to Japanese; hence a spelling pronunciation of kamitsure instead of kamirre.


麕鹿

麕鹿 (canonical)
麕鹿 (canonical)
norojika (romanization)


鉄砲蝦

ja-noun

鉄(てっ)砲(ぽう)蝦(えび) or 鉄砲蝦(テッポウエビ) • (teppōebi)

鉄砲蝦 (canonical)
鉄砲蝦 (canonical)
teppōebi (romanization)

Literally, “gun shrimp”, 鉄砲(てっぽう) (teppō, “gun”) + 蝦(えび) (ebi, “shrimp”)

ja-compound

teppo snapping shrimp
teppo snapping shrimp

snapping shrimp, specifically teppo snapping shrimp


鬼灯

ja-noun

鬼灯(ほおずき) or 鬼灯(ホオズキ) • (hōzuki) ^(←ほおづき (fooduki)?)

鬼灯 (canonical)
鬼灯 (canonical)
hōzuki (romanization)
fooduki (romanization)
ほおづき (hiragana historical)

Probably originally a compound of 頬 (hō, “cheeks”) + 付き (tsuki, “resembling, appearing like”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 付く tsuku “to stick → to become a certain state or quality”), from the way the husk vaguely resembles bulging red cheeks. The tsuki changes to zuki as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The 鬼灯 kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun, literally meaning “demon's lantern”. The 酸漿 kanji spelling is from the Chinese term.

Alkekengi officinarum
Alkekengi officinarum#Translingual

Alkekengi officinarum, syn. Physalis alkekengi


山茶花

山(さ)茶(ざん)花(か) or 山茶花(サザンカ) • (sazanka) ^(←さざんくわ (sazankwa) or サザンクワ (sazankwa)?)

山茶花 (canonical)
山茶花 (canonical)
sazanka (romanization)
sazankwa (romanization)
さざんくわ (hiragana historical)
サザンクワ (hiragana historical)

Camellia sasanqua
Daijisen
ja:サザンカ
ja:松村明

/sansaka/ → /sanzaka/ → /sazanka/.
Sound shift from sansaka (see below).

the sasanqua (Camellia sasanqua), a species of camellia


山茶花

ja-pos

山(さ)茶(ざん)花(か) • (Sazanka) ^(←さざんくわ (Sazankwa)?)

山茶花 (canonical)
Sazanka (romanization)
Sazankwa (romanization)
さざんくわ (hiragana historical)


山茶花

ja-noun

山(さん)茶(さ)花(か) • (sansaka) ^(←さんさくわ (sansakwa)?)

山茶花 (canonical)
sansaka (romanization)
sansakwa (romanization)
さんさくわ (hiragana historical)
さんざか (alternative hiragana)
sanzaka (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)
さんざくわ (alternative hiragana historical)

Appears in the Nippo Jisho.
Borrowed from Chinese 山茶花 (shāncháhuā), equivalent to 山茶 (sancha → sansa/sanza, “camellia”) + 花 (ka, affix for "flower").

compound

(obsolete) the sasanqua (Camellia sasanqua), a species of camellia


貽貝

ja-noun

貽(い)貝(がい) or 貽貝(イガイ) • (igai) ^(←いがひ (igafi)?)

貽貝 (canonical)
貽貝 (canonical)
igai (romanization)
igafi (romanization)
いがひ (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese; first attested in a mokkan excavated from the Former Naniwa Palace, 652 - 686, as man'yōgana form 伊加比 , apparently a half-calque of Middle Chinese 貽貝 (jɨ pɑiᴴ) with 貝(かい) (kai, “shell”). Some theories that describe the former part 貽(い) (i) as 異(い) (i, “different”) or 否(いな) (ina, “no”) in a sense of "different or uncommon type of shells" seem folk etymology.

Naniwa Nagara-Toyosaki Palace
man'yōgana
mokkan


ヨーロッパ貽貝

ヨーロッパ貽(い)貝(がい) or ヨーロッパ貽貝(イガイ) • (yōroppaigai)

ヨーロッパ貽貝 (canonical)
ヨーロッパ貽貝 (canonical)
yōroppaigai (romanization)

Mytilus edulis
Mytilus edulis#Translingual


鸚鵡貝

鸚(おう)鵡(む)貝(がい) or 鸚鵡貝(オウムガイ) • (ōmugai) ^(←あうむがひ (aumugafi) or オウムガヒ (oumugafi)?)

鸚鵡貝 (canonical)
鸚鵡貝 (canonical)
ōmugai (romanization)
aumugafi (romanization)
oumugafi (romanization)
あうむがひ (hiragana historical)
オウムガヒ (hiragana historical)

[o̞ːmɯ̟ɡa̠i]

From 鸚鵡 (ōmu, “cockatoo”) + 貝 (kai, “shellfish”). Compare Chinese 鸚鵡螺 /鹦鹉螺 (yīngwǔluó), Korean 앵무조개 (aengmujogae), Vietnamese ốc anh vũ.


帆立

帆立 (canonical)
帆立 (canonical)
hotate (romanization)

Mizuhopecten yessoensis
Mizuhopecten yessoensis#Translingual

(colloquial) Short for 帆立貝 (hotate-gai, “Yesso scallop, Mizuhopecten yessoensis”).


金剛鸚哥

ja-noun

金(こん)剛(ごう)鸚(いん)哥(こ) or 金剛鸚哥(コンゴウインコ) • (kongō inko) ^(←こんがういんこ (kongauinko)?)

金剛鸚哥 (canonical)
金剛鸚哥 (canonical)
kongō inko (romanization)
kongauinko (romanization)
こんがういんこ (hiragana historical)

[kõ̞ŋɡo̞ː ĩŋko̞]

Daijirin
Macaw
Scarlet macaw
ja:コンゴウインコ
ja:コンゴウインコ (種名)

Compound of 金剛 (kongō, “adamant, extremely strong”) + 鸚哥 (inko, “parakeet, macaw, cockatoo”).

compound

more specifically, the Ara macao or scarlet macaw


馬銜

馬銜 (canonical)
馬銜 (canonical)
hami (romanization)

Same as from 食み (hami), the nominalised 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 食む (hamu, “to eat”).


鬢長

鬢長 (canonical)
鬢長 (canonical)
binnaga (romanization)

[bʲĩnːa̠ɡa̠]

Thunnus alalunga
Thunnus alalunga#Translingual

albacore, longfin tuna (Thunnus alalunga)


獅子猿

ja-noun

獅(し)子(し)猿(ざる) or 獅子猿(シシザル) • (shishizaru)

獅子猿 (canonical)
獅子猿 (canonical)
shishizaru (romanization)

Calque of lion tamarin. Literally, “lion monkey”, 獅子(しし) (shishi, “lion”) + 猿(さる) (saru, “monkey”). The saru changes to zaru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


海牛

From 海 (umi, “sea”) + 牛 (ushi, “cattle”).


海牛

ja-noun

海(かい)牛(ぎゅう) • (kaigyū) ^(←かいぎう (kaigiu)?)

海牛 (canonical)
kaigyū (romanization)
kaigiu (romanization)
かいぎう (hiragana historical)


銀鱈

銀(ぎん)鱈(だら) or 銀鱈(ギンダラ) • (gindara) ^(←ぎんだら (gindara)?)

銀鱈 (canonical)
銀鱈 (canonical)
gindara (romanization)
ぎんだら (hiragana historical)

[ɡʲĩnda̠ɾa̠]

From 銀(ぎん) (gin, “silver”) + 鱈(たら) (tara). The tara changes to dara as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


油坊主

油(あぶら)坊(ぼう)主(ず) or 油坊主(アブラボウズ) • (aburabōzu)

油坊主 (canonical)
油坊主 (canonical)
aburabōzu (romanization)

From 油(あぶら) (abura, “oil”) + 坊主(ぼうず) (bōzu, “monk”).


合歓

合歓 (canonical)
合歓 (canonical)
nemu (romanization)

合歓木

silk tree, specifically Persian silk tree

especially, Persian silk tree (Albizia julibrissin)


合歓

合歓 (canonical)
合歓 (canonical)
nebu (romanization)

From 眠(ねぶ)り (neburi, “sleep”), which is the old obsolete reading thereof, and in modern form, the bilabial plosive /b/ has become bilabial nasal /m/.


柑果

柑果 (canonical)
kanka (romanization)
kankwa (romanization)
かんくわ (hiragana historical)


痺鰻

ja-noun

痺(しびれ)鰻(うなぎ) or 痺鰻(シビレウナギ) • (shibireunagi)

痺鰻 (canonical)
痺鰻 (canonical)
shibireunagi (romanization)


隠元

隠(いん)元(げん) or 隠元(インゲン) • (ingen) ^(←いんげん (ingen)?)

隠元 (canonical)
隠元 (canonical)
ingen (romanization)
いんげん (hiragana historical)

Short for 隠元豆 (ingen-mame, “common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”).


白狐

白(びゃっ)狐(こ) • (byakko) ^(←びやくこ (byakuko)?)

白狐 (canonical)
byakko (romanization)
byakuko (romanization)
びやくこ (hiragana historical)

北極狐

北極狐 ほっきょくぎつね


白狐

白狐 (canonical)
shirogitsune (romanization)


白蘞

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(traditional Chinese medicine) roots of Ampelopsis japonica used in medicine


留鳥

留(りゅう)鳥(ちょう) • (ryūchō) ^(←りうてう (riuteu)?)

留鳥 (canonical)
ryūchō (romanization)
riuteu (romanization)
りうてう (hiragana historical)

[ɾʲɨːt͡ɕo̞ː]


車前

Synonym of 大葉子 (ōbako, “Plantago asiatica”)


蜂鳥

蜂鳥 (canonical)
蜂鳥 (canonical)
hachidori (romanization)

From 蜂 (hachi, “bee”) + 鳥 (tori, “bird”). Compare Chinese 蜂鳥 /蜂鸟 (fēngniǎo, literally “bee bird”), Korean 벌새 (beolsae, literally “bee bird”), Vietnamese chim ong (literally “bee bird”).


カナリア

Borrowed from Spanish canaria f (“Canarian”, adjective, noun).


鰱魚

鰱魚 (canonical)
鰱魚 (canonical)
rengyo (romanization)


ヨーロッパ鱮

ja-noun

ヨーロッパ鱮(タナゴ) or ヨーロッパ鱮(たなご) • (yōroppatanago)

ヨーロッパ鱮 (canonical)
ヨーロッパ鱮 (canonical)
yōroppatanago (romanization)


黄鶏

黄鶏 (canonical)
kashiwa (romanization)
kasifa (romanization)
かしは (hiragana historical)

a Japanese breed of chicken with dark reddish-brown feathers


臼辺鳥

臼辺鳥 (canonical)
usubedori (romanization)


絹毛鼠

絹(きぬ)毛(げ)鼠(ねずみ) or 絹毛鼠(キヌゲネズミ) • (kinugenezumi)

絹毛鼠 (canonical)
絹毛鼠 (canonical)
kinugenezumi (romanization)

絹 (kinu, “silk”) + 毛 (ke, “fur”) + 鼠 (nezumi, “rat; mouse”)

af

ハムスター ハムスター#Japanese

(rare) Synonym of ハムスター (hamusutā, “hamster”)


鋏角

鋏角亜門

鋏角亜門 きょうかくあもん


ケール

ja-noun

ケール • (kēru)


ココナッツ

kokonattsu (romanization)
ココナツ (alternative)


蜉蝣

蜉蝣(かげろう) or 蜉蝣(カゲロウ) • (kagerō) ^(←かげろふ (kagerofu)?)

蜉蝣 (canonical)
蜉蝣 (canonical)
kagerō (romanization)
kagerofu (romanization)
かげろふ (hiragana historical)

[ka̠ɡe̞ɾo̞ː]

Change in meaning from 陽炎 (kagerō, “heat haze, heat shimmer”), from the way that the insects fly in swarms that visually resemble heat haze. The kanji is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 蜉蝣 (fúyóu).


蜉蝣

蜉蝣 (canonical)
fuyū (romanization)
fuiu (romanization)
ふいう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 蜉蝣 (MC bjuw yuw). Compare Mandarin 蜉蝣 (fúyóu), Vietnamese phù du.

(by extension) ephemerality (from the way that mayflies are born and die within a day)


蜘蛛海星

蜘蛛(くも)海星(ひとで) or 蜘蛛海星(クモヒトデ) • (kumo hitode)

蜘蛛海星 (canonical)
蜘蛛海星 (canonical)
kumo hitode (romanization)

Compound of 蜘蛛(くも) (kumo, “spider”) + 海星(ひとで) (hitode, “starfish”). First cited to a work from 1884.


杜松

杜松 (canonical)
杜松 (canonical)
nezu (romanization)


屈狸

屈狸 (canonical)
屈狸 (canonical)
kuzuri (romanization)

From Nivkh кʼузр̌ (kʼuzř).
The kanji spelling is an example of ateji (当て字), used both for the sound values, and for the meanings:
* 屈 (kuzu, “stooped, bent over”, irregular on'yomi)
* 狸 (ri, “raccoon dog”, on'yomi)

lang

日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ

日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ


鴨嘴

ja-noun

鴨(かもの)嘴(はし) or 鴨嘴(カモノハシ) • (kamo no hashi)

鴨嘴 (canonical)
鴨嘴 (canonical)
kamo no hashi (romanization)

Compound of 鴨 (kamo, “duck”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 嘴 (hashi, “bill, beak”). The の (no) is omitted in the spelling.
The platypus sense is a calque of English duck-billed platypus.

compound

ja:カモノハシ
ja:カモノハシ (植物)

Ischaemum aristatum var. glaucum, a kind of smutgrass or batiki bluegrass


熊鼠

熊鼠 (canonical)
熊鼠 (canonical)
kumanezumi (romanization)

熊(くま) (kuma, “prefix implying large size or strength”) + 鼠(ねずみ) (nezumi, “rat; mouse”).

ja-compound

Rattus rattus
Rattus rattus#Translingual


狐猿

ja-noun

狐(きつね)猿(ざる) or 狐猿(キツネザル) • (kitsunezaru)

狐猿 (canonical)
狐猿 (canonical)
kitsunezaru (romanization)

狐 (kitsune, “fox”) + 猿 (saru, “monkey”). Compare Chinese 狐猴 (húhóu, literally “fox monkey”), Korean 여우원숭이 (yeouwonsung'i, literally “fox monkey”) and Vietnamese vượn cáo (literally “fox ape”).


胡獱

胡獱 (canonical)
胡獱 (canonical)
todo (romanization)

Borrowed from Ainu トド (todo) or トト (toto), or トンド (tondo, “sea lion”). The kanji spelling is an instance of jukujikun (熟字訓) from the older term kohin (see below).


胡獱

Appears to be a coinage in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived elements, as a compound of 胡 (ko, “reckless”) + 獱 (hin, “otter”, by extension, in reference to a marine mammal).

compound

(archaic, possibly obsolete) a Steller sea lion


葦鹿

葦鹿 (canonical)
葦鹿 (canonical)
ashika (romanization)

葦(あし) (ashi, “common reed”) + 鹿(しか) (shika, “deer”), roughly "a deer that lives where reeds grow". The sequence shishi was simplified to shi by haplology.


紅冠鳥

ja-noun

紅(こう)冠(かん)鳥(ちょう) or 紅冠鳥(コウカンチョウ) • (kōkanchō) ^(←こうくわんてう (koukwanteu) or コウクワンテウ (koukwanteu)?)

紅冠鳥 (canonical)
紅冠鳥 (canonical)
kōkanchō (romanization)
koukwanteu (romanization)
こうくわんてう (hiragana historical)
コウクワンテウ (hiragana historical)

a red-crested cardinal, Paroaria coronata


蹄鉄

蹄鉄をつける


茅蜩

茅(ぼう)蜩(ちょう) • (bōchō) ^(←ばうてう (bauteu)?)

茅蜩 (canonical)
bōchō (romanization)
bauteu (romanization)
ばうてう (hiragana historical)

[bo̞ːt͡ɕo̞ː]


ヨーロッパ鰻

ヨーロッパ鰻(うなぎ) or ヨーロッパ鰻(ウナギ) • (yōroppaunagi)

ヨーロッパ鰻 (canonical)
ヨーロッパ鰻 (canonical)
yōroppaunagi (romanization)

[jo̞ːɾo̞p̚pa̠ɯ̟na̠ɡʲi]


日本鰻

日(に)本(ほん)鰻(うなぎ) or 日本鰻(ニホンウナギ) • (nihon'unagi)

日本鰻 (canonical)
日本鰻 (canonical)
nihon'unagi (romanization)

[ɲ̟ihõ̞ɰ̃ɯ̟na̠ɡʲi]

Compound of 日本(にほん) (Nihon, “Japan”) + 鰻(うなぎ) (unagi, “eel”)


ヨーロッパ鮒

ja-noun

ヨーロッパ鮒(ぶな) or ヨーロッパ鮒(ブナ) • (yōroppabuna)

ヨーロッパ鮒 (canonical)
ヨーロッパ鮒 (canonical)
yōroppabuna (romanization)

Carassius carassius
Carassius carassius#Translingual


ふな

ふな (canonical)
フナ (canonical)
funa (romanization)

鮒, 鯽: crucian carp, any fish of the genus Carassius

源五郎鮒: Japanese crucian carp

源五郎鮒 げんごろうぶな


ボンベイ

ja:ボンベイ (曖昧さ回避)

Bombay, Mumbai (a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India)


海石榴

海石榴 (canonical)
海石榴 (canonical)
tsubaki (romanization)

The kanji spelling means literally 海 (“sea”) + 石榴 (“pomegranate”).

Camellia japonica
Camellia japonica#Translingual

Alternative spelling of 椿 (tsubaki): Camellia japonica, a species of camellia


山茶

山茶 (canonical)
山茶 (canonical)
yamacha (romanization)

山(やま) (yama, “mountain”) + 茶(ちゃ) (cha, “tea”)

ja-compound

1979, Murai Yasuhiko, Cha no bunka shi [Cultural history of tea], page 2:

To contrast this with cultivated tea it is called ‘yama-cha’ (often written in katakana or the like)

そこでこれを茶園での栽培茶に対して「山茶」(ヤマチャとかな書きすることが多い)と呼んでいる

Soko de kore o chaen de no saibai cha ni taishite “yamacha”(yamacha toka na kaki suru koto ga ōi) to yonde-iru

1992, Nakamura Yōichirō, Cha no minzoku gaku [The folklore of tea], page 50:

An area can be seen where tea porridge is eaten three times a day, but this tea-porridge region coincides with an area where tea grows wild.

三食とも茶粥という徹底した地域が見られるが、こうした茶粥地帯は、ヤマチャが自生する範囲に納まる。

Sanshoku to mo chagayu to iu tettei shita chiiki ga mirareru ga, kō shita chagayu chitai wa, yamacha ga jisei suru han'i ni osamaru.

Camellia sinensis
Camellia sinensis#Translingual

wild-growing tea plants (Camellia sinensis)


秋桜

秋桜 (canonical)
秋桜 (canonical)
akizakura (romanization)


大蝙蝠

ja-noun

大(おお)蝙蝠(こうもり) or 大蝙蝠(オオコウモリ) • (ōkōmori) ^(←おほかうもり (ofokaumori) or オホカウモリ (ofokaumori)?)

大蝙蝠 (canonical)
大蝙蝠 (canonical)
ōkōmori (romanization)
ofokaumori (romanization)
おほかうもり (hiragana historical)
オホカウモリ (hiragana historical)


芥子

牛と芥子は願いから鼻を通す

ushi to karashi wa negai kara hana o tōsu

wish for a cow and a mustard seed to pass through the nose → want to suffer from a disaster

From classical adjective 辛し (karashi), modern 辛い (karai, “spicy”).
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 芥子 (jièzǐ).

Brassica juncea
Brassica juncea#Translingual

Synonym of 芥子菜 (karashina): the Indian mustard, Brassica juncea


芥子

芥(かい)子(し) or 芥(がい)子(し) • (kaishi or gaishi)

芥子 (canonical)
芥子 (canonical)
kaishi (romanization)
gaishi (romanization)

In 漢方 (kanpō, “traditional Chinese medicine”), the initial kai is voiced.

(especially in traditional Chinese medicine) the seed of the Indian mustard, Brassica juncea


芥子

芥子 (canonical)
芥子 (canonical)
keshi (romanization)

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 芥子 (MC keajH tsiX). First cited in Japanese in the early 800s in reference to the tiny seeds of the mustard or poppy plants.

芥子に須弥を蔵す

store a poppy seed in Shumisen → put a large object into a tiny object

芥子を千にも割る

cut a poppy seed into thousand → cut into fine pieces

(archaic) Synonym of 芥子菜 (karashina): the Indian mustard, Brassica juncea

Papaver somniferum
Papaver somniferum#Translingual

the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum; more broadly, any other species of the Papaver genus; a poppy

Short for 芥子玉 (keshidama): a dyeing pattern with lined rows of dots

芥子玉

an armor decoration in the form of studs resembling poppy seeds

Short for 芥子坊主 (keshi bōzu): an infant hairstyle with only the hair in the top of the head unshaven, resembling the hull remains of a poppy fruit


玉蜀黍

玉蜀黍(とうもろこし) or 玉蜀黍(トウモロコシ) • (tōmorokoshi) ^(←たうもろこし (taumorokosi)?)

玉蜀黍 (canonical)
玉蜀黍 (canonical)
tōmorokoshi (romanization)
taumorokosi (romanization)
たうもろこし (hiragana historical)

/taumorokoɕi/ → /tɔːmorokoɕi/ → /toːmorokoɕi/
Originally a compound of 唐 (tō, “Tang Dynasty; China in general; (by extension) foreign”) + もろこし (morokoshi, “sorghum”), from the visual similarities between the sorghum and maize plants.
The spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓) from Chinese, and appears to be a compound of 玉 (yù, “jade, jewel”) + 蜀黍 (shǔshǔ, “sorghum”, literally “Shu millet”). Compare modern Mandarin 玉蜀黍 (yùshǔshǔ, “maize”).

compound

maize, corn (especially corn on the cob)


塌菜

ja-noun

塌(たあ)菜(さい) or 塌菜(タアサイ) • (tāsai)

塌菜 (canonical)
塌菜 (canonical)
tāsai (romanization)

Shift in pronunciation from tātsai above, changing the tsa sound to sa in conformance with native Japanese phonetics.

Brassica rapa subsp. narinosa#Translingual

Brassica rapa var. rosularis#Translingual

Brassica rapa subsp. narinosa or Brassica rapa var. rosularis, an edible green vegetable known variously in English as tatsoi, spinach mustard, spoon mustard, or rosette bok choy


儒艮

儒艮 (canonical)
儒艮 (canonical)
jugon (romanization)


呉竹

Compound of 呉 (kure, “Chinese, from China”) + 竹 (take, “bamboo”).

compound

Phyllostachys nigra
Phyllostachys nigra#Translingual

alternate name for 淡竹 (hachiku): henon bamboo, a form of Phyllostachys nigra (black bamboo)


呉竹

[ɡo̞t͡ɕikɯ̟]


獣医学

獣 (jū, “beast”) + 医学 (igaku, “medicine”)


葡萄球菌

ja-noun

葡(ぶ)萄(どう)球(きゅう)菌(きん) • (budōkyūkin) ^(←ぶだうきうきん (budaukiukin)?)

葡萄球菌 (canonical)
budōkyūkin (romanization)
budaukiukin (romanization)
ぶだうきうきん (hiragana historical)

[bɯ̟do̞ːkʲɨːkʲĩɴ]


海蛇

海蛇 (canonical)
海蛇 (canonical)
umihebi (romanization)


篦鹿

篦鹿 (canonical)
篦鹿 (canonical)
herajika (romanization)

篦(へら) (hera, “spatula”, perhaps in reference to the large, flat-looking antlers) + 鹿(しか) (shika, “deer”). The shika changes to jika as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


延命菊

ja-noun

延(えん)命(めい)菊(ぎく) or 延命菊(エンメイギク) • (enmeigiku)

延命菊 (canonical)
延命菊 (canonical)
enmeigiku (romanization)

[ẽ̞mːe̞ːɡʲikɯ̟]

Compound of 延(えん)命(めい) (enmei, “life support”) + 菊(きく) (kiku, “chrysanthemum”).


荊芥

荊芥 (canonical)
荊芥 (canonical)
keigai (romanization)

(traditional Chinese medicine) flower spikes of Schizonepeta tenuifolia used in medicine


とち

とち (canonical)
トチ (canonical)
tochi (romanization)
toti (romanization)
とち (hiragana historical)


白頭

ja-noun

白(しろ)頭(がしら) or 白(しら)頭(がしら) • (shirogashira or shiragashira)

白頭 (canonical)
白頭 (canonical)
shirogashira (romanization)
shiragashira (romanization)

[ɕiɾo̞ɡa̠ɕiɾa̠]

light-vented bulbul, Pycnonotus sinensis


八咫烏

八咫烏 (canonical)
Yatagarasu (romanization)
やたのからす (alternative hiragana)
Yata no Karasu (Rōmaji)

(Shinto) sacred three legged raven in Japanese mythology


沙羅

沙羅 (canonical)
沙羅 (canonical)
sara (romanization)

From Hindi साल (sāl), from Sanskrit शाल (śāla). The Kanji form is written in ateji.

Shorea robusta
Shorea robusta#Translingual

Stewartia pseudocamellia
Stewartia pseudocamellia#Translingual

Synonym of 夏椿 (natsutsubaki, “Japanese stewartia, Stewartia pseudocamellia”)


沙羅

沙(しゃ)羅(ら) or 沙羅(シャラ) • (shara) ^(←しやら (syara)?)

沙羅 (canonical)
沙羅 (canonical)
shara (romanization)
syara (romanization)
しやら (hiragana historical)


夏椿

夏(なつ)椿(つばき) or 夏椿(ナツツバキ) • (natsutsubaki)

夏椿 (canonical)
夏椿 (canonical)
natsutsubaki (romanization)

夏 (natsu, “summer”) + 椿 (tsubaki, “camellia”)

compound

Japanese stewartia (Stewartia pseudocamellia)


沙羅双樹

ja-noun

沙(さ)羅(ら)双(そう)樹(じゅ) or 沙羅双樹(サラソウジュ) or 沙(しゃ)羅(ら)双(そう)樹(じゅ) or 沙羅双樹(シャラソウジュ) or 沙羅双樹(しやらさうじゆ) • (sarasōju or sharasōju or shiyarasaujiyu) ^(←さらさうじゆ (sarasauzyu)?)

沙羅双樹 (canonical)
沙羅双樹 (canonical)
沙羅双樹 (canonical)
沙羅双樹 (canonical)
沙羅双樹 (canonical)
sarasōju (romanization)
sharasōju (romanization)
shiyarasaujiyu (romanization)
sarasauzyu (romanization)
さらさうじゆ (hiragana historical)

[sa̠ɾa̠so̞ːʑɨ]

[ɕa̠ɾa̠so̞ːʑɨ]


沙羅樹

沙羅樹(さらのき) or 沙羅樹(サラノキ) or 沙羅樹(しゃらのき) or 沙羅樹(シャラノキ) or 沙(さ)羅(ら)樹(じゅ) or 沙羅樹(サラジュ) • (saranoki or sharanoki or saraju) ^(←しやらのき (syaranoki) or さらじゆ (sarazyu)?)

沙羅樹 (canonical)
沙羅樹 (canonical)
沙羅樹 (canonical)
沙羅樹 (canonical)
沙羅樹 (canonical)
沙羅樹 (canonical)
saranoki (romanization)
sharanoki (romanization)
saraju (romanization)
syaranoki (romanization)
sarazyu (romanization)
しやらのき (hiragana historical)
さらじゆ (hiragana historical)

Stewartia pseudocamellia (Japanese stewartia)


娑羅樹

娑羅樹(さらのき) or 娑羅樹(サラノキ) or 娑羅樹(しゃらのき) or 娑羅樹(シャラノキ) or 娑(さ)羅(ら)樹(じゅ) or 娑羅樹(サラジュ) • (saranoki or sharanoki or saraju) ^(←しやらのき (syaranoki) or さらじゆ (sarazyu)?)

娑羅樹 (canonical)
娑羅樹 (canonical)
娑羅樹 (canonical)
娑羅樹 (canonical)
娑羅樹 (canonical)
娑羅樹 (canonical)
saranoki (romanization)
sharanoki (romanization)
saraju (romanization)
syaranoki (romanization)
sarazyu (romanization)
しやらのき (hiragana historical)
さらじゆ (hiragana historical)


娑羅双樹

娑(さ)羅(ら)双(そう)樹(じゅ) or 娑羅双樹(サラソウジュ) or 娑(しゃ)羅(ら)双(そう)樹(じゅ) or 娑羅双樹(シャラソウジュ) • (sarasōju or sharasōju) ^(←さらさうじゆ (sarasauzyu) or しやらさうじゆ (syarasauzyu)?)

娑羅双樹 (canonical)
娑羅双樹 (canonical)
娑羅双樹 (canonical)
娑羅双樹 (canonical)
sarasōju (romanization)
sharasōju (romanization)
sarasauzyu (romanization)
syarasauzyu (romanization)
さらさうじゆ (hiragana historical)
しやらさうじゆ (hiragana historical)


啼兎

啼兎 (canonical)
啼兎 (canonical)
nakiusagi (romanization)

啼 (naki, “to cry”, of animals) + 兎 (usagi, “leporid”)


二十日兎

ja-noun

二十(はつ)日(か)兎(うさぎ) or 二十日兎(ハツカウサギ) • (hatsukausagi)

二十日兎 (canonical)
二十日兎 (canonical)
hatsukausagi (romanization)

From 二十日 (hatsuka, “twenty days”, jukujikun (熟字訓)) + 兎 (usagi, “leporid”). Compare 二十日鼠 (hatsukanezumi, “house mouse”).

com

jukujikun (<i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">熟字訓</i>)


コンドル

[kõ̞ndo̞ɾɯ̟]


鴇色コンドル

ja-noun

鴇(とき)色(いろ)コンドル or 鴇色(トキイロ)コンドル • (tokiiro kondoru)

鴇色コンドル (canonical)
鴇色コンドル (canonical)
tokiiro kondoru (romanization)

鴇色 (tokiiro, “pink”) + コンドル (kondoru, “New World vulture”)


金目鯛

ja-noun

金(きん)目(め)鯛(だい) or 金目鯛(キンメダイ) • (kinmedai) ^(←きんめだひ (kinmedafi) or キンメダヒ (kinmedafi)?)

金目鯛 (canonical)
金目鯛 (canonical)
kinmedai (romanization)
kinmedafi (romanization)
きんめだひ (hiragana historical)
キンメダヒ (hiragana historical)

金目 (kinme, “golden eye”) + 鯛 (tai, “sea bream”)


黄蜻蛉

ja-noun

黄蜻蛉(きとんぼ) or 黄蜻蛉(キトンボ) • (kitonbo)

黄蜻蛉 (canonical)
黄蜻蛉 (canonical)
kitonbo (romanization)

Compound of 黄 (ki, “yellow”) + 蜻蛉 (tonbo, “dragonfly”, jukujikun (熟字訓)).

com

a yellow darter (Sympetrum croceolum), a kind of dragonfly in East Asia


秋津

ja:秋津村 ja:秋津町 ja:秋津駅

Akitsu (a town in Higashimurayama, Tokyo prefecture, Japan)

Akitsu (a town in Meitoku district, Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan)

Akitsu (a town in Higashi district, Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


カリフォルニアコンドル

ja-noun

^カリフォルニア コンドル

[ka̠ɾʲiɸo̞ɾɯ̟ɲ̟ia̠kõ̞ndo̞ɾɯ̟]

カリフォルニア (Kariforunia, “California”) + コンドル (kondoru, “condor”), calque of English California condor

af

ja:カリフォルニアコンドル


螽斯

螽斯 (canonical)
螽斯 (canonical)
kirigirisu (romanization)

[kʲiɾʲiɡʲiɾʲisɨ]

The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 螽斯 (zhōngsī)

a Japanese katydid (Gampsocleis buergeri)


雉子

雉子 (canonical)
雉子 (canonical)
kiji (romanization)


北栗鼠

北栗鼠 (canonical)
北栗鼠 (canonical)
kitarisu (romanization)

北 (kita, “north”) + 栗鼠 (risu, “squirrel”)

com

Sciurus vulgaris
Sciurus vulgaris#Translingual


アンデスコンドル

[ã̠nde̞sɨ kõ̞ndo̞ɾɯ̟]


南米コンドル

南米コンドル (canonical)
nanbei kondoru (romanization)

[nã̠mbe̞ː kõ̞ndo̞ɾɯ̟]


耳蝉

耳蝉 (canonical)
耳蝉 (canonical)
mimizuku (romanization)

ja:ミミズク (昆虫)


山荒

山荒 (canonical)
山荒 (canonical)
yamaarashi (romanization)


黒長蟻

ja-noun

黒(くろ)長(なが)蟻(あり) or 黒長蟻(クロナガアリ) • (kuronagaari)

黒長蟻 (canonical)
黒長蟻 (canonical)
kuronagaari (romanization)

Messor aciculatus, a species of black ants found in East Asia and Russia


螟蛾

螟蛾 (canonical)
螟蛾 (canonical)
meiga (romanization)


鶏冠

/tosːaka/ → /tosaka/
Shift from earlier tossaka (see Etymology 2 below). Now the modern spelling.
The kanji spelling is from keikan (see Etymology 4 below).

(colloquial) Short for 鶏冠海苔 (tosaka nori): a species of red algae, Meristotheca papulosa

鶏冠海苔

(theater) a kind of wig used in kabuki, with the front hair cut and split apart on the sides; used by onnagata to portray old hags


鶏冠

/tori saka/ → /tosːaka/
Shift from earlier torisaka (see Etymology 3 below).
The kanji spelling is from keikan (see Etymology 4 below).

(archaic, colloquial) Short for 鶏冠海苔 (tossaka nori): a species of red algae, Meristotheca papulosa


鶏冠

鶏(けい)冠(かん) • (keikan) ^(←けいくわん (keikwan)?)

鶏冠 (canonical)
keikan (romanization)
keikwan (romanization)
けいくわん (hiragana historical)

/kei kʷan/ → /keːkan/
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 雞冠 (MC kej kwan).

(mineralogy, colloquial) Short for 鶏冠石 (keikanseki): realgar


水鶏

水鶏(くいな) or 水鶏(クイナ) • (kuina) ^(←くひな (kufina) or クヒナ (kufina)?)

水鶏 (canonical)
水鶏 (canonical)
kuina (romanization)
kufina (romanization)
くひな (hiragana historical)
クヒナ (hiragana historical)

/kufina/ → /kuwina/ → /kuina/
First attested in the Edo period.
Derivation uncertain. Thought to be a shift from a compound of 食い (kui, stem form of verb 食う (kuu), “to put in one's mouth, eat”) + 鳴く (naku, “to call, said of a bird”).
The kanji spelling means literally "water chicken".

com

stem form of verb <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">食う</i> (kuu), “to put in one's mouth, eat”

Rallus aquaticus
Rallus aquaticus#Translingual


水鶏

水鶏 (canonical)
Kuina (romanization)
Kufina (romanization)
くひな (hiragana historical)


水鶏

From 水 (sui, “water”) + 鶏 (kei, “chicken”).


朱嘴鸛

ja-noun

朱(しゅ)嘴(ばし)鸛(こう) or 朱嘴鸛(シュバシコウ) • (shubashikō) ^(←しゆばしこふ (syubasikofu) or シユバシコフ (syubasikofu)?)

朱嘴鸛 (canonical)
朱嘴鸛 (canonical)
shubashikō (romanization)
syubasikofu (romanization)
しゆばしこふ (hiragana historical)
シユバシコフ (hiragana historical)

From 朱 (shu, “vermilion”) + 嘴 (hashi, “beak; bill”) + 鸛 (kō, “stork”).


養鶏

養鶏 (canonical)
yōkei (romanization)
yaukei (romanization)
やうけい (hiragana historical)


山原水鶏

ja-noun

山原水鶏(やんばるくいな) or 山原水鶏(ヤンバルクイナ) • (Yanbaru kuina) ^(←やんばるくひな (yanbarukufina) or ヤンバルクヒナ (yanbarukufina)?)

山原水鶏 (canonical)
山原水鶏 (canonical)
Yanbaru kuina (romanization)
yanbarukufina (romanization)
やんばるくひな (hiragana historical)
ヤンバルクヒナ (hiragana historical)

From 山原 (Yanbaru, forested mountainous area in northern part of Okinawa Island) + 水鶏 (kuina, “water rail”).

com

Gallirallus okinawae
Gallirallus okinawae#Translingual


黒鷺

黒鷺 (canonical)
黒鷺 (canonical)
kurosagi (romanization)

[kɯ̟ɾo̞sa̠ɡʲi]

黒 (kuro, “black”) + 鷺 (sagi, “heron; egret”)

compound

Egretta sacra
Egretta sacra#Translingual


呉牛

呉牛 (canonical)
gogyū (romanization)
gogiu (romanization)
ごぎう (hiragana historical)


黒鳥

ja-noun

黒(こく)鳥(ちょう) or 黒鳥(コクチョウ) • (kokuchō) ^(←こくてう (kokuteu) or コクテウ (kokuteu)?)

黒鳥 (canonical)
黒鳥 (canonical)
kokuchō (romanization)
kokuteu (romanization)
こくてう (hiragana historical)
コクテウ (hiragana historical)

[ko̞kɯ̟̊t͡ɕo̞ː]

Compound of 黒 (koku, “black”) + 鳥 (chō, “bird”).
First cited to a text from 1179.

Cygnus atratus
Cygnus atratus#Translingual

a black swan, specifically Cygnus atratus


黒鴨

黒鴨 (canonical)
黒鴨 (canonical)
kurogamo (romanization)

[kɯ̟ɾo̞ɡa̠mo̞]

Melanitta nigra
Melanitta nigra#Translingual


山水牛

山(やま)水(すい)牛(ぎゅう) • (yamasuigyū) ^(←やますいぎう (yamasuigiu)?)

山水牛 (canonical)
yamasuigyū (romanization)
yamasuigiu (romanization)
やますいぎう (hiragana historical)

Compound of 山 (yama, “mountain”) + 水牛 (suigyū, “water buffalo”).


騾馬

騾馬 (canonical)
騾馬 (canonical)
raba (romanization)

a mule (offspring of male donkey and female horse)


駃騠

駃騠 (canonical)
駃騠 (canonical)
kettei (romanization)

a hinny (hybrid offspring of a male horse and a female donkey)


カヴァ

Compare synonymous カワカワ (kawakawa) from Tongan kava.


竜の落とし子

ja-noun

竜(たつ)の落(お)とし子(ご) or 竜(タツ)の落(オ)とし子(ゴ) • (tatsu no otoshigo)

竜の落とし子 (canonical)
竜の落とし子 (canonical)
tatsu no otoshigo (romanization)

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru
ja:タツノオトシゴ

Compound of 竜 (tatsu, “dragon”) + の (no, “'s”) + 落とし子 (otoshigo, “illegitimate child”), from their resemblance to dragons.
First cited to a work from 1847.


コヨーテ

Borrowed from Spanish coyote, from Nahuatl coyotl.

canids: イヌ科: 犬 · 狼 · 狐 · コヨーテ · ジャッカル [edit]


蚯蚓蜥蜴

ja-noun

蚯蚓(みみず)蜥蜴(とかげ) or 蚯蚓蜥蜴(ミミズトカゲ) • (mimizutokage)

蚯蚓蜥蜴 (canonical)
蚯蚓蜥蜴 (canonical)
mimizutokage (romanization)

Compound of 蚯蚓 (mimizu, “earthworm”) + 蜥蜴 (tokage, “lizard”).


茗荷

ja-noun

茗(みょう)荷(が) or 茗荷(ミョウガ) • (myōga) ^(←めうが (meuga)?)

茗荷 (canonical)
茗荷 (canonical)
myōga (romanization)
meuga (romanization)
めうが (hiragana historical)

/meɡa/ → /meuɡa/ → /mjoːɡa/
From earlier mega (see below). The kanji spelling is an example of phonetic ateji.

茗荷貝

a goose barnacle of family Pollicipedidae

Zingiber mioga
Zingiber mioga#Translingual

myoga or Japanese ginger (Zingiber mioga), of which only the shoots and flower buds are used in cooking


茗荷

Daijirin
Daijisen
Myoga
Nara period
ja:ミョウガ
ja:松村明

From Old Japanese [Term?]. Some sources mention that this might be a compound of 芽 (me, “sprout”) + 香 (ka, “fragrant”). However, the semantics are backwards compared to most other Japanese compounds. In addition, this term appears in writings of the Nara period with the spellings 女我 and 売我. The me syllable here is spelled phonetically with the so-called Type-A or 甲類 (kōrui) reading of e₁, but 芽 in Old Japanese had the Type-B or 乙類 (otsurui) reading of e₂. These two different e phonetic values were distinct in Old Japanese, indicating that 芽 (me, “sprout”) + 香 (ka, “fragrant”) is not the actual derivation.
(For more details on Old Japanese spellings and phonetic values, see Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai on Wikipedia.Wikipedia)
This reading is obsolete in modern Japanese.

pedia

(obsolete) myoga or Japanese ginger (Zingiber mioga)


コモド大蜥蜴

ja-noun

コモド大(おお)蜥蜴(とかげ) or コモド大蜥蜴(オオトカゲ) • (komodo ōtokage)

コモド大蜥蜴 (canonical)
コモド大蜥蜴 (canonical)
komodo ōtokage (romanization)

From コモド (“Komodo”) + 大蜥蜴 (ōtokage, “monitor lizard”, jukujikun (熟字訓)).


大蜥蜴

ja-noun

大(おお)蜥蜴(とかげ) or 大蜥蜴(オオトカゲ) • (ōtokage) ^(←おほとかげ (ofotokage)?)

大蜥蜴 (canonical)
大蜥蜴 (canonical)
ōtokage (romanization)
ofotokage (romanization)
おほとかげ (hiragana historical)

From 大(おお) (ō, “big”) + 蜥蜴(とかげ) (tokage, “lizard”, jukujikun (熟字訓)).

ja-compound

monitor lizard, a large carnivorous lizard of the family Varanidae


琴鳥

琴鳥 (canonical)
琴鳥 (canonical)
kotodori (romanization)

ja:コトドリ ja:コトドリ属


介党鱈

ja-noun

介(すけ)党(とう)鱈(だら) or 介党鱈(スケトウダラ) • (suketōdara) ^(←すけたうだら (suketaudara)?)

介党鱈 (canonical)
介党鱈 (canonical)
suketōdara (romanization)
suketaudara (romanization)
すけたうだら (hiragana historical)


助宗鱈

助(すけ)宗(そう)鱈(だら) or 助宗鱈(スケソウダラ) • (sukesōdara)

助宗鱈 (canonical)
助宗鱈 (canonical)
sukesōdara (romanization)


明太

From Korean 명태 (明太, myeongtae, “Alaska pollock”).


リカオン

Learned borrowing from New Latin Lycaon.


豆回し

豆(まめ)回(まわ)し • (mamemawashi) ^(←まめまはし (mamemafasi)?)

豆回し (canonical)
mamemawashi (romanization)
mamemafasi (romanization)
まめまはし (hiragana historical)


豆甘

豆甘 (canonical)
mameumashi (romanization)


忘れな草

忘(わす)れな草(ぐさ) or 忘(ワス)れな草(グサ) • (wasurenagusa)

忘れな草 (canonical)
忘れな草 (canonical)
wasurenagusa (romanization)

[β̞a̠sɨɾe̞na̠ɡɯ̟sa̠]

Calque of English forget-me-not, from 忘(わす)れな (wasurena, archaic negative form of verb 忘(わす)れる (wasureru, “to forget”)) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First attested in 1913. The wasurunagusa form is first attested in 1961.

ja-compound

Kōjien
Myosotis sylvatica
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru
ja:ワスレナグサ


忘るな草

ja-noun

忘(わす)るな草(ぐさ) or 忘(ワス)るな草(グサ) • (wasurunagusa)

忘るな草 (canonical)
忘るな草 (canonical)
wasurunagusa (romanization)


日本猿

日(に)本(ほん)猿(ざる) or 日本猿(ニホンザル) • (nihonzaru)

日本猿 (canonical)
日本猿 (canonical)
nihonzaru (romanization)

desc

→ Korean: 일본원숭이 (Ilbonwonsung'i) (calque)

→ Vietnamese: khỉ Nhật Bản (calque)

[ɲ̟ihõ̞nd͡za̠ɾɯ̟]

日本(にほん) (Nihon, “Japan”) + 猿(さる) (saru, “monkey”). The saru changes to zaru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Macaca fuscata
Macaca fuscata#Translingual


紙魚

紙魚 (canonical)
紙魚 (canonical)
shimi (romanization)

From Old Japanese (see 蟫). The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 紙魚 /纸鱼 (zhǐyú).

obor

2007, 新時代日漢辭典 /新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局 /大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:

紙魚の食った本

Any insect of the family Lepismatidae, a silverfish or bristletail.


油桐

油桐 (canonical)
油桐 (canonical)
aburagiri (romanization)


陰茎骨

陰茎骨 (canonical)
inkeikotsu (romanization)


百日草

ja-noun

百(ひゃく)日(にち)草(そう) or 百日草(ヒャクニチソウ) • (hyakunichisō)

百日草 (canonical)
百日草 (canonical)
hyakunichisō (romanization)

[ça̠kɯ̟ɲ̟it͡ɕiso̞ː]


ぬか

nuka (romanization)
ぬか (hiragana historical)


鎧草

鎧(よろい)草(ぐさ) or 鎧草(ヨロイグサ) • (yoroigusa) ^(←よろひぐさ (yorofigusa)?)

鎧草 (canonical)
鎧草 (canonical)
yoroigusa (romanization)
yorofigusa (romanization)
よろひぐさ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 鎧 (yoroi, “armour”) + 草 (kusa, “grass”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Angelica dahurica
Angelica dahurica#Translingual


国色

[ko̞kɯ̟ɕo̞kɯ̟]

From Middle Chinese compound 國色 /国色 (kwok srik, literally “nation + beauty”). Compare modern Mandarin 國色／国色 (guósè, “most beautiful woman of a country; peony”).


天香国色

ja-noun

天(てん)香(こう)国(こく)色(しょく) • (tenkōkokushoku) ^(←てんかうこくしょく (tenkaukokusyoku)?)

天香国色 (canonical)
tenkōkokushoku (romanization)
tenkaukokusyoku (romanization)
てんかうこくしょく (hiragana historical)

[tẽ̞ŋko̞ːko̞kɯ̟ɕo̞kɯ̟]

From Literary Chinese. From the poem "賞牡丹" by 李正封, which is "國色朝酣酒﹐天香夜染衣。".


花独活

花独活 (canonical)
花独活 (canonical)
hanaudo (romanization)

Compound of 花 (hana, “flower”) + 独活 (udo, “Japanese spikenard”).

compound

Heracleum sphondylium var. nipponicum#Translingual


独活の木

独活の木 (canonical)
独活の木 (canonical)
udonoki (romanization)

From 独活(うど) (udo, “Japanese spikenard”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 木(き) (ki, “tree”).


素馨

素馨 (canonical)
素馨 (canonical)
sokei (romanization)

Jasminum grandiflorum
Jasminum grandiflorum#Translingual


浮塵子

ja-noun

浮塵子(うんか) or 浮塵子(ウンカ) • (unka)

浮塵子 (canonical)
浮塵子 (canonical)
unka (romanization)


浮塵子

浮(ふ)塵(じん)子(し) • (fujinshi) ^(←ふぢんし (fudinsi)?)

浮塵子 (canonical)
fujinshi (romanization)
fudinsi (romanization)
ふぢんし (hiragana historical)


糠蝿

糠(ぬか)蝿(ばえ) • (nukabae) ^(←ぬかばへ (nukabafe)?)

糠蝿 (canonical)
nukabae (romanization)
nukabafe (romanization)
ぬかばへ (hiragana historical)


目纏い

目(め)纏(まと)い • (mematoi) ^(←めまとひ (mematofi)?)

目纏い (canonical)
mematoi (romanization)
mematofi (romanization)
めまとひ (hiragana historical)


糠蚊

糠蚊 (canonical)
糠蚊 (canonical)
nukaka (romanization)


根魚

根魚 (canonical)
neuo (romanization)
neuwo (romanization)
ねうを (hiragana historical)

Compound of 根 (ne, “root”) + 魚 (uo, “fish”).

a non-migratory fish that lives among the roots of seaweed or coral

Synonym of 鮎並 (ainame): a greenling (kind of fish)


根魚

Compound of 根 (ne, “root”) + 魚 (sakana, “fish”). The sakana changes to zakana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


シロイワヤギ

シロイワヤギ or しろいわやぎ or シロイワヤギ • (shiroiwayagi)

シロイワヤギ (canonical)
しろいわやぎ (canonical)
shiroiwayagi (romanization)

From 白 (shiro, “white”) + 岩 (iwa, “rock”) + ヤギ (yagi, “goat”).


唐茄子

ja-noun

唐(とう)茄(な)子(す) • (tōnasu) ^(←たうなす (taunasu)?)

唐茄子 (canonical)
tōnasu (romanization)
taunasu (romanization)
たうなす (hiragana historical)


猟虎

猟虎 (canonical)
猟虎 (canonical)
rakko (romanization)

From Ainu ラッコ (rakko). The kanji, which is a compound of 猟 (ryō, “hunting”) + 虎 (ko, “tiger”), is ateji (当て字).


苦扁桃

苦(く)扁(へん)桃(とう) • (kuhentō) ^(←くへんたう (kufentau)?)

苦扁桃 (canonical)
kuhentō (romanization)
kufentau (romanization)
くへんたう (hiragana historical)

Prunus amygdalus
Prunus amygdalus#Translingual

bitter almond, the bitter seed of Prunus amygdalus

苦扁桃水

苦扁桃水 くへんとうすい


川獺

川(かわ)獺(うそ) or 川獺(カワウソ) • (kawauso) ^(←かはうそ (kafauso)?)

川獺 (canonical)
川獺 (canonical)
kawauso (romanization)
kafauso (romanization)
かはうそ (hiragana historical)

[ka̠β̞a̠ɯ̟so̞]

From 川 (kawa, “river”) + 獺 (uso, “otter”).


川獺

川(かわ)獺(おそ) or 川獺(カワオソ) • (kawaoso) ^(←かはをそ (kafawoso)?)

川獺 (canonical)
川獺 (canonical)
kawaoso (romanization)
kafawoso (romanization)
かはをそ (hiragana historical)


ツクツクボウシ

ツクツクボウシ (canonical)
つくつくぼうし (canonical)
tsukutsukubōshi (romanization)

[t͡sɨkɯ̟t͡sɨkɯ̟bo̞ːɕi]

Onomatopoeia, from its call; 法師(ぼうし) (-bōshi) is ateji (当て字).

Meimuna opalifera, a type of cicada found in Japan.


庭常

庭(にわ)常(とこ) or 庭常(ニワトコ) • (niwatoko) ^(←にはとこ (nifatoko)?)

庭常 (canonical)
庭常 (canonical)
niwatoko (romanization)
nifatoko (romanization)
にはとこ (hiragana historical)


歌鶇

歌鶇 (canonical)
歌鶇 (canonical)
utatsugumi (romanization)

[ɯ̟ta̠t͡sɨɡɯ̟mʲi]

Compound of 歌(うた) (uta, “song”) + 鶇(つぐみ) (tsugumi, “thrush”).

ja-compound

Turdus philomelos
Turdus philomelos#Translingual


虎鶇

ja-noun

虎(とら)鶇(つぐみ) or 虎鶇(トラツグミ) • (toratsugumi)

虎鶇 (canonical)
虎鶇 (canonical)
toratsugumi (romanization)

Zoothera aurea
Zoothera aurea#Translingual


緋連雀

緋(ひ)連(れん)雀(じゃく) or 緋連雀(ヒレンジャク) • (hirenjaku)

緋連雀 (canonical)
緋連雀 (canonical)
hirenjaku (romanization)

[çiɾẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑa̠kɯ̟]


虎斑木菟

虎(とら)斑(ふ)木菟(ずく) or 虎斑木菟(トラフズク) • (torafuzuku)

虎斑木菟 (canonical)
虎斑木菟 (canonical)
torafuzuku (romanization)

虎 (tora, “tiger”), 斑 (fu, “spotted”), 木菟 (zuku, “horned owl”)


交喙

交喙 (canonical)
交喙 (canonical)
isuka (romanization)

From Old Japanese. Derivative term 很し (isukashi, “emotionally twisted up”, obsolete) appears in the Nihon Shoki, completed in 720 CE.
The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

Loxia curvirostra
Loxia curvirostra#Translingual

common crossbill, red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra)


烏帽子鳥

烏(え)帽(ぼ)子(し)鳥(どり) or 烏帽子鳥(エボシドリ) • (eboshidori)

烏帽子鳥 (canonical)
烏帽子鳥 (canonical)
eboshidori (romanization)

Compound of 烏帽子(えぼし) (eboshi, “an ancient style of hat worn by Japanese nobility”) + 鳥(とり) (tori, “bird”), from the way that the bird's head plumage resembles the shape of the eboshi hat. The tori changes to dori as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Tauraco corythaix
Tauraco corythaix#Translingual

(more specifically) a Knysna turaco (Tauraco corythaix)


仏法僧

ja-noun

仏(ぶっ)法(ぽう)僧(そう) or 仏法僧(ブッポウソウ) • (buppōsō)

仏法僧 (canonical)
仏法僧 (canonical)
buppōsō (romanization)

From 仏(ぶつ) (Butsu, “Buddha”) + 法(ほう) (hō, “dharma”) + 僧(そう) (sō, “sangha”).
As a bird name, onomatopoeia: see the etymology at the entry for the katakana spelling ブッポウソウ. Its kanji spelling comes from the on'yomi of the katakana, and is a reference to the Three Jewels of Buddhism.

ja-compound

(Buddhism) the Triple Gem or Three Jewels of Buddhism, i.e. Buddha, dharma, sangha


猿食鷲

ja-noun

猿(さる)食(くい)鷲(わし) or 猿食鷲(サルクイワシ) • (sarukuiwashi) ^(←さるくひわし (sarukufiwasi) or サルクヒワシ (sarukufiwasi)?)

猿食鷲 (canonical)
猿食鷲 (canonical)
sarukuiwashi (romanization)
sarukufiwasi (romanization)
さるくひわし (hiragana historical)
サルクヒワシ (hiragana historical)

[sa̠ɾɯ̟kɯ̟iβ̞a̠ɕi]

猿 (saru, “monkey”) + 食い (kui, stem of 食う (kuu, “to eat”)) + 鷲 (washi, “eagle”)

af

stem of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">食う</i> (kuu, “to eat”)

フィリピン鷲 フィリピン鷲#Japanese

Pithecophaga jefferyi
Pithecophaga jefferyi#Translingual

Synonym of フィリピン鷲 (Firipin washi, “Philippine eagle”); a monkey-eating eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi)


鱖魚

鱖魚 (canonical)
鱖魚 (canonical)
ketsugyo (romanization)

Chinese perch; mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi)


菜種

菜種 (canonical)
natane (romanization)
なたね (hiragana historical)


養豚

養豚 (canonical)
yōton (romanization)
yauton (romanization)
やうとん (hiragana historical)


豚足

[tõ̞ɰ̃so̞kɯ̟]


黒豚

[kɯ̟ɾo̞bɯ̟ta̠]

Compound of 黒 (kuro, “black”) + 豚 (buta, “pig”).


這子

這子 (canonical)
hōko (romanization)
fafuko (romanization)
はふこ (hiragana historical)

/hauko/ → /hɔːko/ → /hoːko/
Originally a compound of 這う (hau, “to crawl”) + 子 (ko, “child”).

a protective charm for babies, made as a doll in the form of a baby, and intended to take on any misfortune in the real baby's stead

(rare) Synonym of 犬蓬 (inu yomogi, “Artemisia keiskeana, a kind of mugwort or wormwood”)


這子

這子 (canonical)
hauko (romanization)
fafuko (romanization)
はふこ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 這う (hau, “to crawl”) + 子 (ko, “child”).


蕪菜

Compound of 蕪 (kabu, “turnip”) + 菜 (na, “greens”).


蕪菜

Compound of 蕪 (kabura, “turnip”) + 菜 (na, “greens”).


スカンク

[sɨ̥kã̠ŋkɯ̟]


舞茸

ja-noun

舞(まい)茸(たけ) or 舞茸(マイタケ) • (maitake) ^(←まひたけ (mafitake)?)

舞茸 (canonical)
舞茸 (canonical)
maitake (romanization)
mafitake (romanization)
まひたけ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 舞 (mai, “dancing”) + 茸 (take, “mushroom”).


作り茸

ja-noun

作(つく)り茸(たけ) or 作(ツク)り茸(タケ) • (tsukuritake)

作り茸 (canonical)
作り茸 (canonical)
tsukuritake (romanization)

Compound of 作り (tsukuri, “making, producing, manufacturing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 作る tsukuru, “to make, to produce, to manufacture”) + 茸 (take, “mushroom”).

compound

the <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 作る tsukuru, “to make, to produce, to manufacture”

Agaricus bisporus
Agaricus bisporus#Translingual


マッシュルーム

[ma̠ɕːɨɾɯ̟ːmɯ̟]


菊芋

菊芋 (canonical)
菊芋 (canonical)
kikuimo (romanization)


モモンガ

ja-noun

モモンガ or ももんが • (momonga) ^(←モモンガア (momongaa)?) (counter 匹)

モモンガ (canonical)
ももんが (canonical)
momonga (romanization)
momongaa (romanization)
匹 (counter)
モモンガア (historical katakana)

[mo̞mõ̞ŋɡa̠]

/momi/ → /momo/ → /momoŋɡaː/ → /momoŋɡa/
From Old Japanese モミ (momi, “flying squirrel”) which later became モモ (momo). It is supposed that ンガ (nga) ending may have come from the sound of the animal's cry, which led to モモンガア (momongaa). The final ア (a) sound is usually dropped in modern Japanese when referring to the animal.

inh

a flying squirrel, especially the Japanese dwarf flying squirrel (Pteromys momonga)

アメリカ鼯鼠

southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans)

大陸鼯鼠

Siberian flying squirrel (Pteromys volans)

ムササビ

Japanese giant flying squirrel (Petaurista leucogenys)


蝦夷鰰

ja-noun

蝦夷(えぞ)鰰(はたはた) or 蝦夷鰰(エゾハタハタ) • (ezohatahata)

蝦夷鰰 (canonical)
蝦夷鰰 (canonical)
ezohatahata (romanization)

Compound of 蝦夷(えぞ) (ezo, “Ezo”) + 鰰(はたはた) (hatahata, “sailfin sandfish”).


雷魚

ja-noun

雷(かみなり)魚(うお) • (kaminariuo) ^(←かみなりうを (kaminariuwo)?)

雷魚 (canonical)
kaminariuo (romanization)
kaminariuwo (romanization)
かみなりうを (hiragana historical)

Compound of 雷 (kaminari, “thunder”) + 魚 (uo, “fish”).

compound

sailfin sandfish (Arctoscopus japonicus)


虱目魚

ja-noun

虱目魚(さばひい) or 虱目魚(サバヒー) • (sabahī)

虱目魚 (canonical)
虱目魚 (canonical)
sabahī (romanization)

Borrowed from Hokkien 蝨目魚／虱目鱼 (sat-ba̍k-hî).

Chanos chanos
Chanos chanos#Translingual


井守

井(い)守(もり) or 井守(イモリ) • (imori) ^(←ゐもり (wimori) or ヰモリ (wimori)?)

井守 (canonical)
井守 (canonical)
imori (romanization)
wimori (romanization)
ゐもり (hiragana historical)
ヰモリ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 井 (i, “well”) + 守り (mori, “protector, guardian”, 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 守る moru, “to protect, to guard”).
First cited to roughly 900 CE.

赤腹井守

赤腹井守 アカハライモリ

Short for 赤腹井守 (akahara imori, “Japanese fire belly newt”).

赤腹井守

(historical) a job title in the Edo period and earlier, referring to an assistant to the 井司 (ishi, literally “well boss”), both jobs in charge of aspects of the irrigation system


守宮

守宮 (canonical)
守宮 (canonical)
yamori (romanization)

ja:ヤモリ下目 ja:ヤモリ科


山吹

山吹 (canonical)
山吹 (canonical)
yamabuki (romanization)

1688, Matsuo Basho, Horo horo to [Quietly, quietly]:

Quietly, quietly,
 yellow mountain roses fall –
 sound of the rapids.

ほろほろと
 山吹ちるか
 たきのおと

horo horo to
 yamabuki chiru ka
 taki no oto


辛夷

辛夷 (canonical)
辛夷 (canonical)
kobushi (romanization)

Originally a shortening of the older name, 拳椒 (kobushi hajikami, literally “fist pepper, fist ginger”), where the kobushi was in reference to the resemblance of an unopened bud to a child's fist, and the hajikami was probably in reference to the pungency of the seeds when bitten, or to the pungent odor of the plant when injured.
First referenced in a text from roughly 1165.

1977, “Kitaguni no Haru [Spring in the North]”, Haku Ide (lyrics), Minoru Endō (music), performed by Masao Sen:

White birches, the blue sky, [and] the southerly on that hill up North where the magnolias bloom, ah, spring in the North!

白樺 青空 南風 こぶし咲くあの丘北国の ああ北国の春

shirakaba aozora minamikaze kobushi saku ano oka kitaguni no ā kitaguni no haru


黒麦

黒麦 (canonical)
黒麦 (canonical)
kuromugi (romanization)

[kɯ̟ɾo̞mɯ̟ɡʲi]


熊の実

熊の実 (canonical)
熊の実 (canonical)
kuma no mi (romanization)

ja:クマノミ ja:クマノミ亜科