ほや

ほや (canonical)
ホヤ (canonical)
hoya (romanization)
foya (romanization)
ほや (hiragana historical)


セコイア

Sequoia sempervirens
Sequoia sempervirens#Translingual


冬青

冬青 (canonical)
冬青 (canonical)
soyogo (romanization)


檜扇

ja-noun

檜(ひ)扇(おうぎ) or 檜扇(ヒオウギ) • (hiōgi) ^(←ひあふぎ (fiafugi) or ヒアフギ (fiafugi)?)

檜扇 (canonical)
檜扇 (canonical)
hiōgi (romanization)
fiafugi (romanization)
ひあふぎ (hiragana historical)
ヒアフギ (hiragana historical)

Iris domestica
Iris domestica#Translingual


チェリモヤ

Borrowed from English cherimoya, ultimately from Quechua chirimuya.

Annona cherimola
Annona cherimola#Translingual

the cherimoya tree: a subtropical tree, Annona cherimola, native to mountainous areas of South America


蚺蛇

蚺(ぜん)蛇(じゃ) or 蚺(せん)蛇(じゃ) • (zenja or senja)

蚺蛇 (canonical)
蚺蛇 (canonical)
zenja (romanization)
senja (romanization)

[d͡zẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑa̠]

[sẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑa̠]


ワンコ

Compound of ワン (“woof”, onomatopoeia for the sound made by a dog barking) + 子 (-ko, diminutive suffix).

suffix

(childish) doggy, bow wow, puppy dog, puppy


柳蘭

柳蘭 (canonical)
柳蘭 (canonical)
yanagiran (romanization)

[ja̠na̠ɡʲiɾã̠ɴ]

柳(やなぎ) (yanagi, “willow”) + 蘭(らん) (ran, “orchid”)

ja-compound

rosebay willowherb, fireweed, Epilobium angustifolium


時鳥

The kanji spelling literally means “time bird”, as the lesser cuckoo's timely arrival in early summer can be used as a metaphor for new life detaching from the past.
See also 時(とき)つ鳥(どり) (tokitsudori) and 時(とき)の鳥(とり) (toki no tori).


苔虫

苔虫 (canonical)
苔虫 (canonical)
kokemushi (romanization)

From 苔 (koke, “moss”) + 虫 (mushi, “bug”).


頭数

ja-noun

頭(とう)数(すう) • (tōsū)

頭 (tō, “head”, big animal counter) + 数 (-sū, “number; count”)


皇の花

皇の花 (canonical)
suberagi no hana (romanization)

From 天皇 (suberagi, a term of address to an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan) + の (no, attributive particle) + 花 (hana, “flower”).

com

Synonym of 牡丹 (botan): the Chinese tree peony, Paeonia × suffruticosa


金時草

[kʲĩɲ̟d͡ʑiso̞ː]

From 金 (kin, “gold”) + 時 (ji, “time”) + 草 (sō, “grass”).

compound

(Hokuriku) Synonym of 水前寺菜 (suizenjina, “Gynura bicolor”)


ぐち

ぐち (canonical)
グチ (canonical)
guchi (romanization)
guti (romanization)
ぐち (hiragana historical)

2023, “キグチ [kiguchi]”, in Bouz-Konnyaku, retrieved 2023-03-17:

味のいいグチで、特に韓国料理などに多用される。値段は高値で安定している。

Aji no ii guchi de, tokuni Kankoku ryōri nado ni tayō sareru. Nedan wa takane de antei shiteiru.

A tasty croaker, widely used especially in Korean food etc. Prices are high and stable.

croaker, drum, drumfish (any of various fish species in the family Sciaenidae)


三椏

三椏 (canonical)
三椏 (canonical)
mitsumata (romanization)

mitsumata, Edgeworthia chrysantha, Oriental paperbush

赤花三椏

赤花三椏 あかばなみつまた


河原撫子

ja-noun

河(かわ)原(ら)撫(なでし)子(こ) or 河原撫子(カワラナデシコ) • (kawaranadeshiko)

河原撫子 (canonical)
河原撫子 (canonical)
kawaranadeshiko (romanization)

Of 河原(かわら) (kawara, “river bed”) + 撫子(なでしこ) (nadeshiko, “pink”), so called because they frequently grow in dry river beds.

大和撫子

大和撫子 やまとなでしこ

pink, various flowering plants of the genus Dianthus


紅芋

紅芋 (canonical)
紅芋 (canonical)
beniimo (romanization)

From 紅(べに) (beni, “crimson”) + 芋(いも) (imo, “tuber, yam”).

Conus pauperculus, a species of predatory cone snail

Dioscorea alata
Dioscorea alata#Translingual

Synonym of 大薯 (daisho, “purple yam”) (Dioscorea alata)


海魚

ja-noun

海(かい)魚(ぎょ) • (kaigyo) ^(←かいぎよ (kaigyo)?)

海魚 (canonical)
kaigyo (romanization)
かいぎよ (hiragana historical)


海魚

海魚 (canonical)
umiuo (romanization)
umiuwo (romanization)
うみうを (hiragana historical)


隈笹

隈笹 (canonical)
隈笹 (canonical)
kumazasa (romanization)

a species of bamboo grass (Sasa veitchii)


業平竹

業(なり)平(ひら)竹(だけ) or 業平竹(ナリヒラダケ) • (narihiradake)

業平竹 (canonical)
業平竹 (canonical)
narihiradake (romanization)

Named after noted early Heian poet Ariwara no Narihira

a species of bamboo (Semiarundinaria fastuosa)


黒竹

黒竹 (canonical)
黒竹 (canonical)
kurochiku (romanization)

Phyllostachys nigra
Phyllostachys nigra#Translingual


矢竹

矢竹 (canonical)
矢竹 (canonical)
yadake (romanization)


唐竹

唐竹 (canonical)
唐竹 (canonical)
tōchiku (romanization)

a species of bamboo (Sinobambusa tootsik)


亀甲竹

亀(きっ)甲(こう)竹(ちく) or 亀甲竹(コッコウチク) • (kikkōchiku or kokkōchiku)

亀甲竹 (canonical)
亀甲竹 (canonical)
kikkōchiku (romanization)
kokkōchiku (romanization)

tortoise shell bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)


四方竹

四方竹 (canonical)
shihōchiku (romanization)

square bamboo (Chimonobambusa quadrangularis)


寒竹

寒竹 (canonical)
寒竹 (canonical)
kanchiku (romanization)

marbled bamboo (Chimonobambusa marmorea)


阿亀笹

阿(お)亀(かめ)笹(ざさ) or 阿亀笹(オカメザサ) • (okamezasa)

阿亀笹 (canonical)
阿亀笹 (canonical)
okamezasa (romanization)


風草

a species of lovegrass (Eragrostis ferruginea)


細麦

細麦 (canonical)
細麦 (canonical)
hosomugi (romanization)


烏麦

烏麦 (canonical)
karasumugi (romanization)

[ka̠ɾa̠sɨmɯ̟ɡʲi]


油薄

油薄 (canonical)
aburasusuki (romanization)

a species of grass (Spodiopogon cotulifer)


鳩麦

鳩麦 (canonical)
鳩麦 (canonical)
hatomugi (romanization)

a variety of Job's tears (Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen)


暖竹

暖竹 (canonical)
暖竹 (canonical)
danchiku (romanization)

[dã̠ɲ̟t͡ɕikɯ̟]


力芝

力芝 (canonical)
chikarashiba (romanization)

Chinese fountaingrass (Pennisetum alopecuroides)


雌日芝

雌日芝 (canonical)
mehishiba (romanization)


雄日芝

Eleusine indica
Eleusine indica#Translingual


行儀芝

行(ぎょう)儀(ぎ)芝(しば) or 行儀芝(ギョウギシバ) • (gyōgishiba)

行儀芝 (canonical)
行儀芝 (canonical)
gyōgishiba (romanization)

Cynodon dactylon
Cynodon dactylon#Translingual


菊桃

a variety of David's peach (Prunus davidiana var. potaninii)


珪藻

珪藻 (canonical)
keisō (romanization)
keisau (romanization)
けいさう (hiragana historical)


アサイー

アサイー • (asaī)

Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese açaí.

etymon

Euterpe oleracea
Euterpe oleracea#Translingual


蝗豆

Compound of 蝗 (inago, “locust”) + 豆 (mame, “bean”), calque of English locust bean.


唐実桜

ja-noun

唐(から)実(み)桜(ざくら) or 唐実桜(カラミザクラ) • (karamizakura)

唐実桜 (canonical)
唐実桜 (canonical)
karamizakura (romanization)

Chinese sour cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus)


ポーポー

ポーポー • (pōpō)

Asimina triloba
Asimina triloba#Translingual


花梨

花梨 (canonical)
花梨 (canonical)
karin (romanization)

ja:カリン (バラ科)
ja:カリン (マメ科)

Pseudocydonia sinensis
Pseudocydonia sinensis#Translingual

Pterocarpus indicus
Pterocarpus indicus#Translingual

narra, Burmese rosewood, Pterocarpus indicus


イッヌ

(Internet slang, originally 2channel slang) Alternative form of イヌ (inu, “dog”); doggo


クシノマヴロ

Borrowed from Greek Ξινόμαυρο (Xinómavro).


サフラン

Crocus sativus
Crocus sativus#Translingual


かきつばた

かきつばた (canonical)
カキツバタ (canonical)
kakitsubata (romanization)

Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru


船虫

船虫 (canonical)
船虫 (canonical)
funamushi (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟na̠mɯ̟ɕi]

船(ふな) (funa, “ship”) + 虫(むし) (mushi, “bug”).

ja-compound

a sea roach, wharf roach (Ligia exotica)


雨虎

雨虎 (canonical)
雨虎 (canonical)
amefurashi (romanization)

[a̠me̞ɸɯ̟ɾa̠ɕi]

雨(あめ) (ame, “rain”) + 降(ふ)らし (furashi, stem of 降(ふ)らす (furasu, “to make fall”)), because they release purple ink which resembles rain cloud.

sea hare, marine gastropods of order Aplysiida


鉤虫

鉤虫 (canonical)
鉤虫 (canonical)
kagimushi (romanization)


沈香

沈香 (canonical)
jinkō (romanization)
dinkau (romanization)
ぢんかう (hiragana historical)


常緑高木

ja-noun

常(じょう)緑(りょく)高(こう)木(ぼく) • (jōryoku kōboku)

常緑高木 (canonical)
jōryoku kōboku (romanization)

[d͡ʑo̞ːɾʲo̞kɯ̟ ko̞ːbo̞kɯ̟]

常緑樹

常緑樹 じょうりょくじゅ


秋海棠

秋(しゅう)海(かい)棠(どう) or 秋海棠(シュウカイドウ) • (shūkaidō)

秋海棠 (canonical)
秋海棠 (canonical)
shūkaidō (romanization)


白藜

白藜 (canonical)
白藜 (canonical)
shiroza (romanization)

Short for シロアカザ (shiroakaza), composed from 白(しろ) (shiro, “white”) + 藜(あかざ) (akaza, “Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum; a red variety of white goosefoot”).

ja-r

Chenopodium album
Chenopodium album#Translingual

white goosefoot, lamb's quarters (Chenopodium album)


鴨茅

鴨茅 (canonical)
鴨茅 (canonical)
kamogaya (romanization)

Literally, “duck thatch grass”, 鴨(かも) (kamo, “duck”) + 茅(かや) (kaya, “grass used in thatch”). The kaya changes to gaya as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


パースニップ

[pa̠ːsɨɲ̟ip̚pɯ̟]


海松

海松 (canonical)
海松 (canonical)
miru (romanization)

⟨mi₁ru⟩ → */mʲiru/ → /miru/
From Old Japanese, appearing in the Man'yōshū poetry anthology of roughly 759 CE. Further derivation unknown.
Cognate with Okinawan びーる (bīru), Northern Amami Ōshima びる (biru), Yaeyama べぃーれぃ (bïïrï).
The kanji spelling literally means “sea pine”.

Codium fragile
Codium fragile#Translingual

green sea or dead man's fingers of species Codium fragile

Short for 海松色 (miruiro): a dark yellowish-green color


海松

Compound of 海 (umi, “sea”) + 松 (matsu, “pine”).
First cited to roughly 935 CE.

(colloquial) green sea or dead man's fingers, of species Codium fragile


有爪動物

ja-noun

有(ゆう)爪(そう)動(どう)物(ぶつ) • (yūsō dōbutsu) ^(←いうさうどうぶつ (iusaudoubutu)?)

有爪動物 (canonical)
yūsō dōbutsu (romanization)
iusaudoubutu (romanization)
いうさうどうぶつ (hiragana historical)

[jɯ̟ːso̞ː do̞ːbɯ̟t͡sɨ]

有(ゆう) (yū, “having”) + 爪(そう) (sō, “claw”) + 動(どう)物(ぶつ) (dōbutsu, “animal”); calque of translingual Onychophora, from Ancient Greek ὀνυχοφόρος (onukhophóros, “having claws”)


メロ

Patagonian toothfish
Patagonian toothfish

Dissostichus eleginoides
Dissostichus eleginoides#Translingual

Chilean sea bass; the Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides)


マジェランアイナメ

[ma̠ʑe̞ɾã̠ɰ̃a̠ina̠me̞]

Compound of マジェラン (majeran, “Magellanic”) + アイナメ (ainame, “greenling”).

ja-compound

2019 January 23, “Nihon kara kietsutsu aru umai sakana [Great fish continue to disappear from Japan]”, in Umi to inochi no mirai o tsukuru:

The fish was formerly sold under the name “ginmutsu”, its official Japanese name is “majeran ainame” [Magellanic greenling], also called “raigyo damashi” [false snakehead], and it is a white-fleshed fish that lives near the Antarctic, related to the notothenia.

以前は「銀ムツ」の名前で売られていた魚で、正式な和名は「マジェランアイナメ」もしくは「ライギョダマシ」といい、南極近辺に生息するノトセニアの仲間の白身魚です。

Izen wa “ginmutsu” no namae de urarete-ita sakana de, seishiki na wamei wa “majeran ainame” moshiku wa “raigyo damashi” to ii, nankyoku kinpen ni seisoku suru notosenia no nakama no shiromizakana desu.

Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides); Chilean sea bass

ja:マジェランアイナメ


チリアンシーバス

[t͡ɕiɾʲiã̠ɰ̃ɕiːba̠sɨ]

From English Chilean sea bass, with pronunciation influenced by チリ (Chiri, “Chile”).

2010 May 14, “Kristen Bell ryū no iki-kata oshiemasu [Teach you how to live like Kristen Bell]”, in OK! Japan, archived from the original on 2020-06-11:

The menu the two of them enjoyed featured Kobe beef, Chilean sea bass, and lobster wontons.

2人のお気に入りのメニューは、神戸ビーフにチリアン・シーバス、それにロブスター・ワンタン。

Futari no oki ni iri no menyū wa, Kōbe bīfu ni Chirian shībasu, sore ni robusutā wantan.

2015, Yusuke Kohase, “JAL, Beikoku hatsu bin de kodawari no kinaishoku [JAL, specialty in-flight meals for American departures]”, in Aviation Wire:

Business class offers “sauteed Chilean sea bass and ricotta gnocchi with green pea sauce”.

ビジネスでは「チリアンシーバスのソテーとリコッタチーズのニョッキグリーンピースソース」を提供する。

Bijinesu de wa “Chirian shībasu no sotē to rikotta chīzu no nyokki gurīn pīsu sōsu” o teikyō suru.

2018, Kei Hasegawa, Oishisa no sakkaku: Saishin kagaku de wakatta bimi no shinjitsu, translation of Gastrophysics: The New Science of Eating by Charles Spence:

メニューを読み進めるのである。そして、「チリアンシーバス」という料理を見つける。

Menyū o yomi susumeru no dearu. Soshite, “Chirian shībasu” to iu ryōri o mitsukeru.

I continue reading the menu. Then I find a dish called “Chilean sea bass”.

Chilean sea bass, Dissostichus eleginoides or similar species of fish served as meat


矢柄

矢柄 (canonical)
矢柄 (canonical)
yagara (romanization)

Compound of 矢 (ya, “arrow”) + 柄 (kara, “shaft”). The kara changes to gara as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First cited to roughly 934 in the Wamyō Ruijushō.

青矢柄

bluespotted cornetfish, Fistularia commersonii

the cornetfish, members of genus Fistularia (from the long and thin body shape, resembling the shaft of an arrow)


道走

ja-noun

道(みち)走(ばしり) or 道走(ミチバシリ) • (michibashiri)

道走 (canonical)
道走 (canonical)
michibashiri (romanization)

Likely a calque of English roadrunner; see 道 (michi, “road”), 走り (hashiri, “running”). Compare Spanish correcaminos. The hashiri changes to bashiri as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

1971, Wajima shishi [Wajima city history], volume 5, page 346:

The fourth subfamily is represented by the roadrunner Geococcyx californianus. It has long legs and runs quickly on the ground.

第4亜科はミチバシリGeococcyx californianusによって代表される。足が長く地上をよく走る。

Dai-yon aka wa michibashiri Geococcyx californianus ni yotte daihyō sareru. Ashi ga nagaku chijō o yoku hashiru.

2012 March 15, “Kore ga dōro bakusō tori ‘rōdorannā (michibashiri)’ da! [This is the highway speedster ‘roadrunner (michibashiri)’]”, in Karapaia:

This is the model for the bird that runs faster than any speeding car in the cartoon “The Roadrunner”, called “michibashiri” in Japanese.

このアニメに出てくる、どんな高速で走る車よりも早く走る鳥のモデルとなっているのがまさしく「ロードランナー」日本語で言うところの「ミチバシリ」。

Kono anime ni dete-kuru, donna kōsoku de hashiru kuruma yori mo hayaku hashiru tori no moderu to natte-iru no ga masashiku “Rōdorannā” Nihongo de iu tokoro no “michibashiri”.

roadrunner, either of two bird species in the genus Geococcyx

大道走

greater roadrunner, Geococcyx californianus


大道走

大(おお)道(みち)走(ばしり) or 大道走(オオミチバシリ) • (ōmichibashiri)

大道走 (canonical)
大道走 (canonical)
ōmichibashiri (romanization)

大(おお) (ō, “big, great”) + 道走(みちばしり) (michibashiri, “roadrunner”)

ja-compound

2011 [2007], Yumiko Sakata, Baiburuman, translation of The Year of Living Biblically by AJ Jacobs, page 430:

ワーナー・ブラザーズのアニメ『ルーニー・テューンズ』に登場するキャラクター。カッコウ科のオオミチバシリがモデルで、道路の上を高速で走り回り

Wānā Burazāzu no anime “Rūnī Tyūnzu” ni tōjō suru kyarakutā. Kakkō ka no ōmichibashiri ga moderu de, dōro no ue o kōsoku de hashirimawari

The character was featured in the Warner Brothers cartoon series “Loony Tunes”. Modeled on the cuckoo species greater roadrunner, it runs very quickly on road surfaces

Geococcyx californianus
Geococcyx californianus#Translingual

greater roadrunner, Geococcyx californianus


小道走

ja-noun

小(こ)道(みち)走(ばしり) or 小道走(コミチバシリ) • (komichibashiri)

小道走 (canonical)
小道走 (canonical)
komichibashiri (romanization)

小(こ) (ko, “less, little”) + 道走(ミチバシリ) (michibashiri, “roadrunner”)

ja-compound

2019 August 1, mantiscentipede, “Chijō o bakusō suru rōdorannā, ōmichibashiri to wa? [What is the roadrunner, ōmichibashiri, that thunders over the land?]”, in Shumi o katarō:

Two species, the lesser roadrunner and greater roadrunner, are known there by the generic name roadrunner.

現地では、コミチバシリとオオミチバシリの２種を総称してロードランナーと呼びます。

Genchi de wa, komichibashiri to ōmichibashiri no nishu o sōshō shite rōdorannā to yobimasu.

Geococcyx velox
Geococcyx velox#Translingual


三味線貝

ja-noun

三(しゃ)味(み)線(せん)貝(がい) • (shamisengai) ^(←しやみせんがひ (syamisengafi)?)

三味線貝 (canonical)
shamisengai (romanization)
syamisengafi (romanization)
しやみせんがひ (hiragana historical)

[ɕa̠mʲisẽ̞ŋɡa̠i]

Compound of 三味線 (shamisen, a Japanese plucked string instrument) + 貝 (kai, “shellfish”).
The kai changes to gai as an instance of rendaku (連濁)..

compound

a lamp shell, lingulate brachiopod of the family Lingulidae

酸漿貝

lampshell excluding the lingulate brachiopods


女冠者

ja-noun

女(め)冠(か)者(じゃ) • (mekaja) ^(←めくわじや (mekwazya)?)

女冠者 (canonical)
mekaja (romanization)
mekwazya (romanization)
めくわじや (hiragana historical)

1689, Ihara Saikaku, 一目玉鉾 [Hitotsume Tamaboko]:

• Lord of Yanagawa: Tachibana Hida-no-kami-dono (Tachibana Akitora)
　Specialties here: umitake (bamboo coral), mekaja (lamp shell), agemaki (Sinonovacula constricta) that is a shell of the rocky shore

○柳川の城主 立花飛騨守殿
 此所の名物 海竹 女冠者 あげまき 是礒貝也

• Yanagawa no jōshu Tachibana Hida-no-kami-dono
 Koko no meibutsu umitake mekaja agemaki kore isogai nari

(dialectal, Northwestern Kyūshū) a lamp shell, lingulate brachiopod (Lingulidae)


射干玉

From Old Japanese.
The 射干 part, read yakan in Sino-Japanese, refers to the 檜扇 (hiōgi, “blackberry lily, Iris domestica”).

a blackberry lily seed or fruit, usually one that is jet-black and spherical


射干玉

Appears to be a Heian-period shift of Old Japanese 射干玉 (nubatama) or classical 烏羽玉 (ubatama).

(archaic) a blackberry lily seed or fruit, usually one that is jet-black and spherical


多肉植物

多(た)肉(にく)植(しょく)物(ぶつ) • (taniku shokubutsu)

多肉植物 (canonical)
taniku shokubutsu (romanization)

[ta̠ɲ̟ikɯ̟ ɕo̞kɯ̟bɯ̟t͡sɨ]


木天蓼

木天蓼 (canonical)
木天蓼 (canonical)
matatabi (romanization)


馬券

勝馬投票券

勝馬投票券 かちうまとうひょうけん


単勝式

単勝式 (canonical)
tanshōshiki (romanization)

[tã̠ɰ̃ɕo̞ːɕikʲi]

betting system where one bets regarding the winner

betting ticket where one bets regarding the winner


矮化

矮化 (canonical)
waika (romanization)
waikwa (romanization)
わいくわ (hiragana historical)


無窮花

[mɯ̟ɡɯ̟̃ɰ̃ɸa̠]

Hibiscus syriacus
Hibiscus syriacus#Translingual

(poetic) Synonym of 木槿 (mukuge, “Hibiscus syriacus”) (in the context of Korea; the hibiscus is the national flower of South Korea)


猫吸い

→ Mandarin: 吸貓 /吸猫 (xīmāo)

From 猫(ねこ) (neko, “cat”) + 吸(す)い (sui, “sucking, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 吸(す)う (suu, “to suck”).”).


草魚

ja-noun

草(そう)魚(ぎょ) or 草魚(ソウギョ) • (sōgyo)

草魚 (canonical)
草魚 (canonical)
sōgyo (romanization)

Ctenopharyngodon idella
Ctenopharyngodon idella#Translingual


灰汁柴

灰汁柴 (canonical)
灰汁柴 (canonical)
akushiba (romanization)

Vaccinium japonicum, a species of cranberry


松房

a species of climbing vine (Schisandra repanda)


丁子

丁(ちょう)子(じ) or 丁子(チョウジ) • (chōji)

丁子 (canonical)
丁子 (canonical)
chōji (romanization)

Syzygium aromaticum
Syzygium aromaticum#Translingual


花虻

花虻 (canonical)
花虻 (canonical)
hanaabu (romanization)


岩蟹

striped shore crab (Pachygrapsus crassipes)


蓑虫

蓑虫 (canonical)
蓑虫 (canonical)
minomushi (romanization)

bagworm, larva of moths of the family Psychidae


蒼鷹

蒼鷹 (canonical)
sōyō (romanization)
sauyou (romanization)
さうよう (hiragana historical)


京菜

京(きょう)菜(な) or 京菜(キョウナ) • (kyōna) ^(←きやうな (kyauna)?)

京菜 (canonical)
京菜 (canonical)
kyōna (romanization)
kyauna (romanization)
きやうな (hiragana historical)

Lit. capital vegetable, 京(きょう) (kyō, “the capital, Kyōto”) + 菜(な) (na, “vegetable”)

ja-compound

(specifically) mizuna that was grown around Kyoto


アルバトロス

[a̠ɾɯ̟ba̠to̞ɾo̞sɨ]


甲蠃

9-10th centuries, Saibara (催馬楽): Waie (我家):

御肴に何よけむ鮑栄螺か甲蠃よけむ

Mi-sakana ni nani yokemu awabi sadao ka kase yokemu

What would be good for the side dish? Would abalone, turban shell or sea urchin be good?


雁甲蠃

雁(がん) (gan, “wild goose”) + 甲蠃(がぜ) (gaze, “sea urchin”, dialectal).

long-spined sea urchin (Diadema setosum)


獅子尾猿

獅子尾猿 (canonical)
shishiozaru (romanization)


台湾猿

台湾猿 (canonical)
taiwanzaru (romanization)


かけあし

駆け足で電車に乗る

駈歩, 駆歩: (equestrianism) canter, the fastest speed at which a horse moves


かけあし

かけあしする (canonical)
kakeashi suru (romanization)
かけあしし (stem)
かけあしした (past)
かけあしし
kakeashi shi
かけあしする
kakeashi suru
かけあしすれ
kakeashi sure
かけあしせよ (imperative literary)
かけあししろ (colloquial imperative)
kakeashi seyo (imperative literary)
kakeashi shiro (colloquial imperative)
かけあしされる (passive)
kakeashi sareru (passive)
かけあしさせる (causative)
かけあしさす (causative)
kakeashi saseru (causative)
kakeashi sasu (causative)
かけあしできる (potential)
kakeashi dekiru (potential)
かけあししよう (volitional)
kakeashi shiyō (volitional)
かけあししない (negative)
kakeashi shinai (negative)
かけあしせず (continuative negative)
kakeashi sezu (continuative negative)
かけあしします (formal)
kakeashi shimasu (formal)
かけあしした (perfective)
kakeashi shita (perfective)
かけあしして (conjunctive)
kakeashi shite (conjunctive)
かけあしすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kakeashi sureba (conditional hypothetical)


うるち

uruchi (romanization)
uruti (romanization)
うるち (hiragana historical)

Compare 粳 (urushine) and dialectal forms such as うるし (urushi).


闘魚

ja-noun

闘(とう)魚(ぎょ) or 闘魚(トウギョ) • (tōgyo)

闘魚 (canonical)
闘魚 (canonical)
tōgyo (romanization)

Compound of 闘(とう) (tō, “to fight”) + 魚(ぎょ) (gyo, “fish”).

ja-compound

Betta, a genus of fish in the family gourami (Osphronemidae)


葵藿

ja-noun

葵(き)藿(かく) • (kikaku) ^(←きくわく (kikwaku)?)

葵藿 (canonical)
kikaku (romanization)
kikwaku (romanization)
きくわく (hiragana historical)

/kikʷaku/ → /kikaku/
From Middle Chinese 葵藿 (MC gjwij xwak), itself likely first attested from a poem by Jiang Yan.

(book 5, introduction to poem 864), text here
[...] 宜戀_レ主之誠、誠逾_二犬馬_一仰_レ德之心、心同_二葵藿_一。[...]
Yoroshi's yearning for his master is sincere, one exceeding that of a dog for its horse; looking up with virtue on his mind, that mind the same as if were Chinese mallows.

(by extension, figurative) an illustration of respect towards (or longing for) a lord or other person of high virtue (as if a mallow tilts itself towards the sun)


有明

From 有り (ari, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative”) and 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal”) forms of classical verb 有り (ari), “to exist”) + 明け (ake, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative”) forms of classical verb 明く (aku), “to open → to dawn”).

com

Allium schoenoprasum
Allium schoenoprasum#Translingual

(archaic women's speech) Synonym of 浅葱 (asatsuki): the chive, Allium schoenoprasum


きす

きす (canonical)
キス (canonical)
kisu (romanization)
きす (hiragana historical)


げじげじ

げじげじ (canonical)
ゲジゲジ (canonical)
gejigeji (romanization)

[ɡe̞ʑiɡe̞ʑi]


野鴨

From 野(の) (no, “wild; field”) + 鴨(かも) (kamo, “duck”). The kamo changes to gamo as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


漂鳥

ja-noun

漂(ひょう)鳥(ちょう) • (hyōchō) ^(←へうてう (feuteu)?)

漂鳥 (canonical)
hyōchō (romanization)
feuteu (romanization)
へうてう (hiragana historical)

[ço̞ːt͡ɕo̞ː]

migratory bird (that stays within Japan)


菜っ葉

→ English: napa

⇒ English: napa cabbage

From 菜(な) (na, “vegetable”) + 葉(は) (ha, “leaf”).


老猫

ja-noun

老(ろう)猫(びょう) • (rōbyō) ^(←らうべう (raubeu)?)

老猫 (canonical)
rōbyō (romanization)
raubeu (romanization)
らうべう (hiragana historical)


伊吹

伊吹 (canonical)
伊吹 (canonical)
ibuki (romanization)


いななく

ja-verb

いななく • (inanaku) ^(←いななく (inanaku)?)godan (stem いななき (inanaki), past いなないた (inanaita))

inanaku (romanization)
いななき (stem)
いなないた (past)
いななか
inanaka
いななき
inanaki
いななく
inanaku
いななけ
inanake
いななかれる (passive)
inanakareru (passive)
いななかせる (causative)
いななかす (causative)
inanakaseru (causative)
inanakasu (causative)
いななける (potential)
inanakeru (potential)
いななこう (volitional)
inanakō (volitional)
いななかない (negative)
inanakanai (negative)
いななかず (continuative negative)
inanakazu (continuative negative)
いななきます (formal)
inanakimasu (formal)
いなないた (perfective)
inanaita (perfective)
いなないて (conjunctive)
inanaite (conjunctive)
いななけば (conditional hypothetical)
inanakeba (conditional hypothetical)


ロードランナー

ja-noun

ロードランナー • (rōdorannā)

[ɾo̞ːdo̞ɾã̠nːa̠ː]


辣韮

辣(らっ)韮(きょう) or 辣韮(ラッキョウ) • (rakkyō) ^(←らつきよう (ratukyou)?)

辣韮 (canonical)
辣韮 (canonical)
rakkyō (romanization)
ratukyou (romanization)
らつきよう (hiragana historical)

→ English: rakkyo

[ɾa̠k̚ʲkʲo̞ː]

Allium chinense
Allium chinense#Translingual


狆穴子

狆(ちん)穴(あな)子(ご) or 狆穴子(チンアナゴ) • (chin-anago) ^(←ちんあなご (tin'anago)?)

狆穴子 (canonical)
狆穴子 (canonical)
chin-anago (romanization)
tin'anago (romanization)
ちんあなご (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕĩɰ̃a̠na̠ɡo̞]

From 狆(ちん) (chin, “Pekinese (dog)”) + 穴子(あなご) (anago, “conger eel”), from the resemblance of its face to the Pekinese.


ひさぎ

hisagi (romanization)
fisagi (romanization)
ひさぎ (hiragana historical)

大辞泉 w:ja:大辞泉

日本国語大辞典 w:ja:日本国語大辞典

大辞林 w:ja:大辞林

(obsolete) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

大辞泉 w:ja:大辞泉

日本国語大辞典 w:ja:日本国語大辞典

あかめがしわ あかめがしわ#Japanese

大辞林 w:ja:大辞林


玉虫

玉虫 (canonical)
玉虫 (canonical)
tamamushi (romanization)

jewel beetle, a beetle of the family Buprestidae


白玉椿

白玉椿 (canonical)
shiratama tsubaki (romanization)

白玉(しらたま) (shiratama, “white gem”) + 椿(つばき) (tsubaki, “camellia”)

Camellia japonica
Camellia japonica#Translingual

a white-flowered camellia, Camellia japonica


鮭児

From 鮭(けい) (kei, “salmon”) + 児(じ) (ji, “child”).

Immature fatty salmon. It is rare and valued.


和牛

和牛 (canonical)
wagyū (romanization)
wagiu (romanization)
わぎう (hiragana historical)

2019 May 12, “Chūgoku ‘wagyū bokujō’, kisha no hōmon ni piripiri ‘nani shi ni kita’ [China ‘wagyu ranch’ on edge during reporter’s visit: ‘what did you come here for?’]”, in Asahi Shimbun:

Osaka Prefectural Police have arrested men allegedly involved in transporting wagyu embryos to China illegally as well as a stock farmer who allegedly supplied the fertilized eggs.

和牛の受精卵などを中国へ不正に持ち出そうとしたとして、運搬に関わったとされる男性らや受精卵を提供したとされる畜産農家が大阪府警に逮捕される事件があった。

Wagyū no juseiran nado o Chūgoku e fusei ni mochidasō to shita to shite, unpan ni kakawatta to sareru dansei-ra ya juseiran o teikyō shita to sareru chikusan nōka ga Ōsaka fukei ni taiho sareru jiken ga atta.

wagyu (Japanese breeds of cattle prone to high fat production)


ぽち

ぽち (canonical)
ポチ (canonical)
Pochi (romanization)

There are various theories about the derivation:
*English spotty
*English pooch
*French petit (“small, little, petty”)


啄木

啄木 (canonical)
啄木 (canonical)
takuboku (romanization)


海猫

海猫 (canonical)
海猫 (canonical)
umineko (romanization)

海(うみ) (umi, “sea”) + 猫(ねこ) (neko, “cat”), comparing its cry with that of a cat. Compare English seamew.

Larus crassirostris
Larus crassirostris#Translingual


相思鳥

ja-noun

相(そう)思(し)鳥(ちょう) or 相思鳥(ソウシチョウ) • (sōshichō)

相思鳥 (canonical)
相思鳥 (canonical)
sōshichō (romanization)

[so̞ːɕit͡ɕo̞ː]

red-billed leiothrix
red-billed leiothrix

red-billed leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea), a small bird


花蓼

花蓼 (canonical)
花蓼 (canonical)
hanatade (romanization)

花(はな) (hana, “flower”) + 蓼(たで) (tade, “knotweed, smartweed”)

ja-compound

Persicaria posumbu, a species of smartweed


のどぐろ

ja-noun

のどぐろ or ノドグロ • (nodoguro) ^(←のどぐろ (nodoguro)?)

のどぐろ (canonical)
ノドグロ (canonical)
nodoguro (romanization)
のどぐろ (hiragana historical)

[no̞do̞ɡɯ̟ɾo̞]

2020 December 15, “高級志向の猫専用土産 尾頭付きのどぐろの真空パックも”, in 産経ニュース:

尾頭付きのどぐろの真空パック

大辞泉 w:ja:大辞泉

(especially San'in) Synonym of あかむつ (akamutsu, “Doederleinia berycoides”)


あかむつ

あかむつ or アカムツ • (akamutsu) ^(←あかむつ (akamutu)?)

あかむつ (canonical)
アカムツ (canonical)
akamutsu (romanization)
akamutu (romanization)
あかむつ (hiragana historical)


激走

激(げき)走(そう) • (gekisō) ^(←げきそう (gekisou)?)

激走 (canonical)
gekisō (romanization)
gekisou (romanization)
げきそう (hiragana historical)


激走

激走する (canonical)
gekisō suru (romanization)
gekisou (romanization)
激走し (stem)
激走した (past)
激走し
げきそうし
gekisō shi
激走する
げきそうする
gekisō suru
激走すれ
げきそうすれ
gekisō sure
激走せよ (imperative literary)
激走しろ (colloquial imperative)
げきそうせよ (imperative literary)
げきそうしろ (colloquial imperative)
gekisō seyo (imperative literary)
gekisō shiro (colloquial imperative)
激走される (passive)
げきそうされる (passive)
gekisō sareru (passive)
激走させる (causative)
激走さす (causative)
げきそうさせる (causative)
げきそうさす (causative)
gekisō saseru (causative)
gekisō sasu (causative)
激走できる (potential)
げきそうできる (potential)
gekisō dekiru (potential)
激走しよう (volitional)
げきそうしよう (volitional)
gekisō shiyō (volitional)
激走しない (negative)
げきそうしない (negative)
gekisō shinai (negative)
激走せず (continuative negative)
げきそうせず (continuative negative)
gekisō sezu (continuative negative)
激走します (formal)
げきそうします (formal)
gekisō shimasu (formal)
激走した (perfective)
げきそうした (perfective)
gekisō shita (perfective)
激走して (conjunctive)
げきそうして (conjunctive)
gekisō shite (conjunctive)
激走すれば (conditional hypothetical)
げきそうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
gekisō sureba (conditional hypothetical)


山蘭

山蘭 (canonical)
yamararagi (romanization)

Synonym of 辛夷 (kobushi, “Kobus magnolia, Magnolia kobus”)


木蓮

木蓮 (canonical)
木蓮 (canonical)
mokuren (romanization)


手蔓藻蔓

手蔓藻蔓 (canonical)
tezurumozuru (romanization)

[te̞zɨɾɯ̟mo̞zɨɾɯ̟]


紅檜

紅檜 (canonical)
紅檜 (canonical)
benihi (romanization)

Taiwan red cypress, Chamaecyparis formosensis


竜眼

竜(りゅう)眼(がん) or 竜眼(リュウガン) • (ryūgan)

竜眼 (canonical)
竜眼 (canonical)
ryūgan (romanization)


金糸猴

金(きん)糸(し)猴(こう) or 金糸猴(キンシコウ) • (kinshikō) ^(←きんしこう (kinsikou)?)

金糸猴 (canonical)
金糸猴 (canonical)
kinshikō (romanization)
kinsikou (romanization)
きんしこう (hiragana historical)

[kʲĩɰ̃ɕiko̞ː]

the golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana); known in popular culture for supposedly being the model of fictional character Sun Wukong


羊歯

羊歯 (canonical)
羊歯 (canonical)
shida (romanization)


栗茸

栗茸 (canonical)
栗茸 (canonical)
kuritake (romanization)

chestnut mushroom, brick cap, Hypholoma lateritium; a mushroom species endemic to Europe, Asia, and North America


苦栗茸

苦(にが)栗(くり)茸(たけ) or 苦栗茸(ニガクリタケ) • (nigakuritake)

苦栗茸 (canonical)
苦栗茸 (canonical)
nigakuritake (romanization)

[ɲ̟iɡa̠kɯ̟ɾʲita̠ke̞]

Literally, “bitter chestnut mushroom”, 苦(にが) (niga, “bitter, painful”) + 栗茸(くりたけ) (kuritake, “chestnut mushroom”)

ja-compound

sulphur tuft, Hypholoma fasciculare; a poisonous mushroom species endemic to Europe, Asia, and North America


クレソン

[kɯ̟ɾe̞sõ̞ɴ]

阿蘭陀芥子

阿蘭陀芥子 オランダガラシ


天蚕

2014 January 31, “Tensan no shokai [Introduction to tensan]”, in Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University:

Tensan is one species of silkworm endemic to Japan. Silk from the cocoon of tensan is a beautiful green, rare and highly valued silk.

天蚕は、日本原産のカイコガの一種です。天蚕の繭からとれた絹は美しい緑色をした希少価値の高い絹でした。

Tensan wa, Nihon gensan no kaikoga no isshu desu. Tensan no mayu kara toreta kinu wa utsukushī midorīro o shita kishō kachi no takai kinu deshita.

Japanese oak silkmoth, Antheraea yamamai


山繭

山繭 (canonical)
山繭 (canonical)
yamamayu (romanization)


山繭蛾

山繭蛾 (canonical)
yamamayuga (romanization)


公魚

公魚 (canonical)
公魚 (canonical)
wakasagi (romanization)

wakasagi, Hypomesus nipponensis, a species of smelt


灰貝

ja-noun

灰(はい)貝(がい) or 灰貝(ハイガイ) • (haigai) ^(←はひがひ (fafigafi) or ハヒガヒ (fafigafi)?)

灰貝 (canonical)
灰貝 (canonical)
haigai (romanization)
fafigafi (romanization)
はひがひ (hiragana historical)
ハヒガヒ (hiragana historical)

blood cockle, blood clam (an Asian species of bivalve resembling the cockle) (Tegillarca granosa)


轡虫

轡(くつわ)虫(むし) or 轡虫(クツワムシ) • (kutsuwa mushi)

轡虫 (canonical)
轡虫 (canonical)
kutsuwa mushi (romanization)

giant katydid, Mecopoda niponensis, a species of katydid in the family Tettigoniidae


蝮草

蝮(まむし)草(ぐさ) or 蝮草(マムシグサ) • (mamushigusa)

蝮草 (canonical)
蝮草 (canonical)
mamushigusa (romanization)

Literally, “pit viper grass”, 蝮(まむし) (mamushi, “pit viper”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass, plant”)

ja-compound

Arisaema serratum, a species of cobra lily


閑子鳥

Alternative spelling, replacing 古 (ko, “old”) with 子 (ko, “child; small thing”).
Also analyzable as a compound of 閑 (kan, “lonesome”) + 子鳥 (kodori, “little bird”).


甘松

ja-noun

甘松(かんしょう) • (kanshō)


馬車馬

馬車馬 (canonical)
basha uma (romanization)

Compound of 馬(ば)車(しゃ) (basha, “horse-drawn carriage”) + 馬(うま) (uma, “horse”).
First attested in a text from 1898.
The figurative sense developed from the way that carriage horses have blinkers, so all they see is what is in front of them.

ja-compound

(figurative) a person absorbed in work and blind to all else


不香の花

不香の花 (canonical)
fukyō no hana (romanization)


南蛮煙管

ja-noun

南蛮煙管(なんばんぎせる) or 南蛮煙管(ナンバンギセル) • (nanban-giseru)

南蛮煙管 (canonical)
南蛮煙管 (canonical)
nanban-giseru (romanization)

[nã̠mba̠ŋʲ ɡʲise̞ɾɯ̟]

Compound of 南蛮 (nanban, “southern barbarians”, in reference to the Spanish and Portuguese traders of the 1500s-1600s) + 煙管 (kiseru, “pipe”), perhaps from the way that the flower and stem are shaped roughly like a European smoking pipe. The kiseru changes to giseru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First attested in the 日本植物名彙 (Nihon Shokubutsu Meii, “Japanese Plant Names”), a reference work from 1884.

compound

Aeginetia indica: Indian broomrape or forest ghost flower


あやかし

a yokai that appears above seawater during shipwrecks

何万年 妖(あやかし)たちは
踊る 夜宴の夢

2020 September 19, Mafumafu (lyrics and music), “百鬼夜行 [Night Parade of A Hundred Demons]”:

For myriads of years, the yokai
Have been dancing, our soiree dreams

Nanmannen ayakashi-tachi wa
Odoru yaen no yume

コバンザメ コバンザメ#Japanese

Synonym of コバンザメ (kobanzame, “live sharksucker”)

a type of Noh mask representing ghosts or spirits


花水木

ja-noun

花(はな)水(みず)木(き) • (hanamizuki) ^(←はなみづき (fanamiduki)?)

花水木 (canonical)
hanamizuki (romanization)
fanamiduki (romanization)
はなみづき (hiragana historical)

Cornus florida
Cornus florida#Translingual

Cornus florida, the flowering dogwood, a species of flowering tree in the family Cornaceae native to eastern North America and northern Mexico.


単孔目

単孔目 (canonical)
Tankōmoku (romanization)

[tã̠ŋko̞ːmo̞kɯ̟]


土筆

Holonym: 杉菜 (sugina)


赤髭

赤髭 (canonical)
赤髭 (canonical)
akahige (romanization)


マンチ

From English munchies, with customary removal of inflection.

(slang) munchies (cannabis-induced hunger)


魴鮄

魴(ほう)鮄(ぼう) or 魴鮄(ホウボウ) • (hōbō) ^(←はうぼう (faubou)?)

魴鮄 (canonical)
魴鮄 (canonical)
hōbō (romanization)
faubou (romanization)
はうぼう (hiragana historical)

the spiny red gurnard, Chelidonichthys spinosus. Found in Japan, it is known for unusual traits such as leg-like appendages and the ability to vocalize.


とちのき

とちのき or トチノキ • (tochi-no-ki) ^(←とちのき (toti-no-ki)?)

とちのき (canonical)
トチノキ (canonical)
tochi-no-ki (romanization)
toti-no-ki (romanization)
とちのき (hiragana historical)

From 栃(とち) (tochi) + の (no) + 木(き) (ki).


くすのき

くすのき or クスノキ • (kusu-no-ki) ^(←くすのき (kusu-no-ki)?)

くすのき (canonical)
クスノキ (canonical)
kusu-no-ki (romanization)
くすのき (hiragana historical)

Cinnamomum camphora
Cinnamomum camphora#Translingual


かぼす

かぼす (canonical)
カボス (canonical)
kabosu (romanization)
かぼす (hiragana historical)


鯥五郎

鯥(むつ)五(ご)郎(ろう) or 鯥五郎(ムツゴロウ) • (mutsugorō) ^(←むつごらう (mutugorau)?)

鯥五郎 (canonical)
鯥五郎 (canonical)
mutsugorō (romanization)
mutugorau (romanization)
むつごらう (hiragana historical)

[mɯ̟t͡sɨɡo̞ɾo̞ː]

great blue spotted mudskipper, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris


赤飯

赤(あか)飯(まんま) • (akamanma) ^(←あかまんま (akamanma)?)

赤飯 (canonical)
akamanma (romanization)
あかまんま (hiragana historical)


石楠花

石(しゃく)楠(な)花(げ) or 石楠花(シャクナゲ) • (shakunage) ^(←しやくなげ (syakunage)?)

石楠花 (canonical)
石楠花 (canonical)
shakunage (romanization)
syakunage (romanization)
しやくなげ (hiragana historical)

various rhododendron species of the subgenus Rhododendron subg. Hymenanthes


黄楊

黄楊 (canonical)
黄楊 (canonical)
tsuge (romanization)

Japanese box, Buxus microphylla var. japonica


にべ

にべ (canonical)
ニベ (canonical)
nibe (romanization)
にべ (hiragana historical)

→ Translingual: Nibea

⇒ English: nibe croaker

鮸: nibe croaker, honnibe croaker, Nibea mitsukurii


忠犬

忠犬ハチ公


白口

白口 (canonical)
白口 (canonical)
shiroguchi (romanization)

[ɕiɾo̞ɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]

Possibly a compound of 白(しろ) (shiro, “white”) + 口(くち) (kuchi, “mouth”). The kuchi changes to guchi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Possibly from 白(しろ) (shiro, “white”) + 愚(ぐ)痴(ち) (guchi, “complaint, grumbling”), referring to the resemblance of the sound produced by their inflated swim bladders to a person complaining.

ja-com

Pennahia argentata: white croaker, silver croaker, silver jewfish


くわえタバコ

ja-noun

くわえタバコ • (kuwae-tabako) ^(←くはへタバコ (kufafe-tabako)?)

kuwae-tabako (romanization)
kufafe-tabako (romanization)
くはへタバコ (hiragana historical)

1945, “ラバウル小唄 (Rabauru Kouta)”, 若杉雄三郎 (lyrics):

星がまたたく あの星見れば
くわえタバコも ほろにがい

hoshi ga matataku ano hoshi mireba
kuwae-tabako mo horonigai

holding a cigar in one's mouth (without hands)


久年母

久(く)年(ねん)母(ぼ) or 久年母(クネンボ) • (kunenbo) ^(←くねんぼ (kunenbo)?)

久年母 (canonical)
久年母 (canonical)
kunenbo (romanization)
くねんぼ (hiragana historical)

Citrus reticulata
Citrus reticulata#Translingual

mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata, syn. Citrus nobilis)


水綿

水綿(あおみどろ) or 水綿(アオミドロ) • (aomidoro) ^(←あをみどろ (awomidoro) or アヲミドロ (awomidoro)?)

水綿 (canonical)
水綿 (canonical)
aomidoro (romanization)
awomidoro (romanization)
あをみどろ (hiragana historical)
アヲミドロ (hiragana historical)


萌黄茸

萌(もえ)黄(ぎ)茸(たけ) or 萌黄茸(モエギタケ) • (moegitake)

萌黄茸 (canonical)
萌黄茸 (canonical)
moegitake (romanization)

1983, Nanba Tsuneo, Mikage Masayuki, Doku no aru shokubutsu [Poisonous plants], page 54:

Sulphur tuft. Strophariacea family
This small greenish yellow mushroom, if ingested, has a bitter taste.

ニガクリタケ モエギタケ科
緑がかった黄色の小さなキノコで、食べると苦味があります。

Nigakuritake moegitake ka
Midori gakatta kīro no chīsana kinoko de, taberu to nigami ga arimasu.

Strophariaceae, a taxonomic family of mushrooms


ゆで卵

ゆで卵 (canonical)
yudetamago (romanization)


パイン

2014, Yamī-san x Karudi no shunyū shokuzai de tsukuru kantan! oishii! gochisō reshipi [Yummy and Kaldi’s introductory cooking to make simple! delicious! feasting recipes], page 33:

Coconut milk and pineapple cold noodles. I ate these completely delicious, sweet and sour noodles in Thailand.

ココナッツミルクとパインの冷たいそうめん タイで食べたとってもおいしい甘酸っぱい麺。

Kokonattsu miruku to pain no tsumetai sōmen Tai de tabeta tottemo oishii amazuppai men.

パイナップル パイナップル#Japanese

Short for パイナップル (painappuru, “pineapple”).


極楽鳥花

極(ごく)楽(らく)鳥(ちょう)花(か) • (gokurakuchōka) ^(←ごくらくてうくわ (gokurakuteukwa)?)

極楽鳥花 (canonical)
gokurakuchōka (romanization)
gokurakuteukwa (romanization)
ごくらくてうくわ (hiragana historical)

[ɡo̞kɯ̟ɾa̠kɯ̟̊t͡ɕo̞ːka̠]

極楽鳥 (“bird of paradise”, the animal) + 花 (“flower”)

af

ja:ゴクラクチョウカ属


オジサン

From おじさん (oji-san, “middle-aged man”), from the two "middle-aged"-looking barbels on this fish's chin.

くたびれたオジサン。
このところ、疲(つか)れがなかなか抜(ぬ)けません。

2020 November 14, “オジサン [Unclefish]”, in デッキ改(かい)造(ぞう)パック 幻(げん)撃(げき)のミラージュインパクト‼ [Deck-Modifying Pack: Mirage Impact of Mirage Impacts‼]:

A tired unclefish.
He gets tired so easily these days.

Kutabireta oji-san.
Kono tokoro, tsukare ga nakanaka nukemasen.


ぶりぶり

[bɯ̟ɾʲibɯ̟ɾʲi]


アメリカムシクイ

From アメリカ (Amerika) + 虫食(むしく)い (mushikui).

New World warblers, American wood warblers, Parulidae, a taxonomic family of birds


ラリパッパ

(slang) muddleheaded, under the influence of drugs


はんじゅくたまご

ja-noun

はんじゅくたまご • (hanjuku-tamago) ^(←はんじゆくたまご (fanzyuku-tamago)?)

hanjuku-tamago (romanization)
fanzyuku-tamago (romanization)
はんじゆくたまご (hiragana historical)

[hã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑɨkɯ̟ta̠ma̠ɡo̞]

From 半熟(はんじゅく) (hanjuku) + 卵(たまご) (tamago).


ポインター

ポインター • (pointā)


うさちゃん

[ɯ̟sa̠t͡ɕã̠ɴ]

From a clipping of 兎 (usagi) + ちゃん (-chan).


ツェツェバエ

From ツェツェ (tsetse) + 蝿 (hae). The hae changes to bae as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


甘海老

甘海老 (canonical)
甘海老 (canonical)
amaebi (romanization)

From 甘(あま) (ama-, “sweet”) + 海老(えび) (ebi, “shrimp”).

ja-compound

北国赤海老 北国赤海老#Japanese

(common name) Synonym of 北国赤海老 (hokkoku akaebi, “Pandalus eous, a species of shrimp valued in Japan”)


かばしら

Compound of 蚊 (ka, “mosquito”) + 柱 (hashira, “column, pillar”). From the way that a swarm of mosquitoes tends to gather in a roughly vertical shape. The hashira changes to bashira as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First cited to the early 1200s.

compound

a "mosquito column": a swarm of mosquitoes


蝶形

ja-noun

蝶(ちょう)形(がた) • (chōgata) ^(←てふがた (tefugata)?)

蝶(ちょう)形(けい) • (chōkei) ^(←てふけい (tefukei)?)

蝶形 (canonical)
chōgata (romanization)
tefugata (romanization)
てふがた (hiragana historical)
蝶形 (canonical)
chōkei (romanization)
tefukei (romanization)
てふけい (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕo̞ːɡa̠ta̠]

[t͡ɕo̞ːke̞ː]


八色鳥

八(や)色(いろ)鳥(ちょう) or 八色鳥(ヤイロチョウ) • (yairochō)

八色鳥 (canonical)
八色鳥 (canonical)
yairochō (romanization)

八色(やいろ) (yairo, “eight colours”) + 鳥(ちょう) (chō, “bird”)


中猫

cat older than a kitten but not yet an adult


だしこ

dried small sardines (used to make fish stock)

(crime, slang) person who withdraws the cash in a bank transfer scam


六牙の白象

ja-pos

^ろくげ の ^びゃくぞう

^ろくげ の ^びゃくざう

六(ろく)牙(げ)の白(びゃく)象(ぞう) • (Rokuge no Byakuzō) ^(←ろくげのびゃくざう (Rokuge no Byakuzau)?)

六牙の白象 (canonical)
Rokuge no Byakuzō (romanization)
Rokuge no Byakuzau (romanization)
ろくげのびゃくざう (hiragana historical)

[ɾo̞kɯ̟ɡe̞ no̞ bʲa̠kɯ̟zo̞ː]

六 (“six”) + 牙 (“fang; tusk”) + の (attributive marker) + 白象 (“white elephant”)

af

the six-tusked white elephant that 普賢 (Fugen, “Samantabhadra”) rides


フゲンゾウ

Fugenzō (romanization)
Fugenzau (romanization)
フゲンザウ (historical katakana)

[ɸɯ̟ɡẽ̞nd͡zo̞ː]

普賢 (Fugen, “Samantabhadra”) + 象 (zō, “elephant”). See also 六牙の白象 (Rokuge no Byakuzō).


蓮華

蓮華 (canonical)
蓮華 (canonical)
renge (romanization)

Nelumbo nucifera
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:蓮華

From Middle Chinese 蓮華 (MC len hwae).
First cited in Japanese to a text from 940.

a kind of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) featuring the lotus in the design

short for 蓮華座 (rengeza, “lotus throne”), the lotus-shaped dais on which Buddhist statuary is placed

蓮華座

レンゲですくう

蓮華, レンゲ: short for 散り蓮華 (chiri renge, “a traditional Asian-style porcelain flat-bottomed soup spoon”)

Synonym of 紫雲英 (genge, “Astragalus sinicus (Chinese milkvetch)”)


因幡の白兎

ja-pos

^いなば の ^しろ.うさぎ

因(いな)幡(ば)の白(しろ)兎(うさぎ) • (Inaba no Shirousagi)

因幡の白兎 (canonical)
Inaba no Shirousagi (romanization)

Old Japanese 稻羽之素菟 (Inaba no₂ Sirousagi). 因幡 (Inaba) + の (no, genitive marker) + 白兎 (shirousagi, “white/bare rabbit/hare”).

af

the Hare of Inaba (a hare who got stripped bare of its fur by 鰐 (wani, “crocodiles”), but saved by 大国主 (Ōkuninushi))


小庭

小庭 (canonical)
koniwa (romanization)
konifa (romanization)
こには (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ɲ̟iβ̞a̠]

Superficially, 小(こ) (ko, “small”) + 庭(にわ) (niwa, “garden”).

ja-compound

(equestrianism) a narrow training ground for practicing the use of longswords on horseback


菊戴

ja-noun

菊(きく)戴(いただき) or 菊戴(キクイタダキ) • (kikuitadaki)

菊戴 (canonical)
菊戴 (canonical)
kikuitadaki (romanization)

Compound of 菊(きく) (kiku, “chrysanthemum”) + 戴(いただ)き (itadaki, “top → crown”), from the bird’s crest plumed like the flower.

ja-compound

Regulus regulus
Regulus regulus#Translingual


檜葉

檜葉 (canonical)
檜葉 (canonical)
hiba (romanization)

Synonym of 翌檜 (asunaro, “false aborvitae, Thujopsis dolabrata”)


シャクシューカ

[ɕa̠kɯ̟̊ɕɨːka̠]

Borrowed from Arabic شَكْشُوكَة (šakšūka).

bor+

shakshuka (dish of eggs simmered in a mixture of vegetables and spices)


原茸

原茸 (canonical)
原茸 (canonical)
haratake (romanization)

Agaricus campestris
Agaricus campestris#Translingual


馬番

(horse racing) number assigned to horses in a race


出走馬

[ɕɨsːo̞ːba̠]

(horse racing) horses participating in a race


鬼燻

鬼燻 (canonical)
鬼燻 (canonical)
onifusube (romanization)

[o̞ɲ̟iɸɯ̟sɨbe̞]

馬勃 一名馬疕_(楊玄操、音疋婢反)一名馬𥧔勃_(仁諝、音疋二反、下部出気也)一名馬介_(出兼名苑)一名馬介 一名馬蘭_(已上、出雑要決)和名於尔布須倍

c. 918, 深根輔仁 [Fukane Sukehito], 本草和名 [Japanese Names of Herbs, Honzō Wamyō]:

Calvatia nipponica, a type of mushroom belonging to the Agaricaceae family


野芝

野芝 (canonical)
野芝 (canonical)
noshiba (romanization)


馬群

馬群 (canonical)
bagun (romanization)
ばぐん (hiragana historical)

(especially horse racing) crowd of horses


うまごみ

From 馬(うま) (uma) + 込(こ)み (komi). The komi changes to gomi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


白大原茸

ja-noun

白(しろ)大(おお)原(はら)茸(たけ) or 白大原茸(シロオオハラタケ) • (shiroōharatake)

白大原茸 (canonical)
白大原茸 (canonical)
shiroōharatake (romanization)

白(しろ) (shiro, “white”) + 大(おお) (ō, “big”) + 原茸(はらたけ) (haratake, “meadow mushroom”).


鉄線

ja-noun

鉄(てっ)線(せん) or 鉄線(テッセン) • (tessen) ^(←てつせん (tetusen)?)

鉄線 (canonical)
鉄線 (canonical)
tessen (romanization)
tetusen (romanization)
てつせん (hiragana historical)


女竹

女竹 (canonical)
女竹 (canonical)
medake (romanization)

From 女(め) (me, “female”) + 竹(たけ) (take, “bamboo”). The take changes to dake as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Pleioblastus simonii, a bamboo used in crafts and pre-modern construction.


真竹

真竹 (canonical)
真竹 (canonical)
madake (romanization)

From 真(ま) (ma, “true”) + 竹(たけ) (take, “bamboo”).

timber bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides)


日雀

日雀 (canonical)
日雀 (canonical)
higara (romanization)

Compare 山(やま)雀(がら) (yamagara, “varied tit”), as well as similar birds such as 小(こ)雀(がら) (kogara, “willow tit”), 四(し)十(じゅう)雀(から) (shijūkara, “Japanese tit”), 烏帽子雀(えぼしがら) (eboshigara, “tufted titmouse”).

ja-r

Periparus ater
Periparus ater#Translingual


エホバク

Cucurbita moschata
Cucurbita moschata#Translingual


こめぬか

komenuka (romanization)
こめぬか (hiragana historical)

From 米(こめ) (kome, “rice”) + 糠(ぬか) (nuka, “rice bran”).


飛燕草

ja-noun

飛(ひ)燕(えん)草(そう) or 飛燕草(ヒエンソウ) • (hiensō)

飛燕草 (canonical)
飛燕草 (canonical)
hiensō (romanization)

Delphinium ajacis
Delphinium ajacis#Translingual


ノロウイルス

[no̞ɾo̞ɯ̟iɾɯ̟sɨ]

ノロ食中毒

(journalism headline shortening) norovirus food poisoning

ノロにかかる


にゃあにゃあ

ja-pos

にゃあにゃあ or ニャーニャー • (nyānyā) ^(←にゃあにゃあ (nyaanyaa)?)

にゃあにゃあ (canonical)
ニャーニャー (canonical)
nyānyā (romanization)
nyaanyaa (romanization)
にゃあにゃあ (hiragana historical)

[ɲ̟a̠ːɲ̟a̠ː]


葉蘭

葉蘭 (canonical)
葉蘭 (canonical)
haran (romanization)


歩様

歩様 (canonical)
hoyō (romanization)
foyau (romanization)
ほやう (hiragana historical)


三連単

ja-noun

三(さん)連(れん)単(たん) • (sanrentan) ^(←さんれんたん (sanrentan)?)

三連単 (canonical)
sanrentan (romanization)
さんれんたん (hiragana historical)

[sã̠n̺ɾẽ̞ntã̠ɴ]

(horse racing) betting on the first 3 winning horses, in order


三連複

三(さん)連(れん)複(ぷく) • (sanrenpuku) ^(←さんれんぷく (sanrenpuku)?)

三連複 (canonical)
sanrenpuku (romanization)
さんれんぷく (hiragana historical)

[sã̠n̺ɾẽ̞mpɯ̟kɯ̟]

(horse racing) betting on the first 3 winning horses, in any order


春菜

Compound of 春 (haru, “springtime”) + 菜 (na, “vegetables”).

compound

Brassica napus
Brassica napus#Translingual

spring greens; edible young plants that are harvestable during the springtime, i.e. rape (Brassica napus); rapeseed.


呑舟の魚は枝流に游がず

ja-pos

どんしゅう の うお は しりゅう に およがず

呑(どん)舟(しゅう)の魚(うお)は枝(し)流(りゅう)に游(およ)がず • (donshū no uo wa shiryū ni oyogazu)

呑舟の魚は枝流に游がず (canonical)
donshū no uo wa shiryū ni oyogazu (romanization)

呑舟の魚 (“boat-swallowing fish”) + は (topical marker) + 枝流 (“tributary”) + に (locative marker) + 游がず (“not swim”, continuative negative of 游ぐ (oyogu, “to swim”)).
Calque of Literary Chinese 吞舟之魚，不游枝流 from the chapter "Yang Zhu" of Liezi

com

continuative negative of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">游ぐ</i> (oyogu, “to swim”)

とんしゅうのうおはしりゅうにおよがず'

cal

とんしゅうのうおはしりゅうにおよがず'

Boat-swallowing fish do not swim in tributaries; Giant birds fly high and do not flock to swamps.

Tūn zhōu zhī yú, bù yóu zhīliú; hónghú gāofēi, bù jí wūchí.

吞舟之魚，不游枝流；鴻鵠高飛，不集污池。

吞舟之鱼，不游枝流；鸿鹄高飞，不集污池。

(literal) boat-swallowing fish do not swim in tributaries


呑舟の魚

呑舟の魚 (canonical)
donshū no uo (romanization)

呑舟 (“boat swallowing”) + の (attributive marker) + 魚 (“fish”), calque of Literary Chinese 吞舟之魚, from the chapter 庚桑楚 of Zhuangzi

af

(figurative) a larger-than-life character/individual


ははぐま

hahaguma (romanization)
fafaguma (romanization)
ははぐま (hiragana historical)

From 母(はは) (haha) + 熊(くま) (kuma). The kuma changes to guma as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


恙虫

ja-noun

恙(つつが)虫(むし) or 恙虫(ツツガムシ) • (tsutsugamushi)

恙虫 (canonical)
恙虫 (canonical)
tsutsugamushi (romanization)

[t͡sɨ̥t͡sɨɡa̠mɯ̟ɕi]


恙虫

恙(よう)虫(ちゅう) • (yōchū) ^(←やうちゆう (yautyuu)?)

恙虫 (canonical)
yōchū (romanization)
yautyuu (romanization)
やうちゆう (hiragana historical)


ありんこ

arinko (romanization)
ありんこ (hiragana historical)

(informal) Alternative form of あり (ari, “ant”)


三猿

三(さん)猿(えん) • (san'en) ^(←さんゑん (san'wen)?)

三猿 (canonical)
san'en (romanization)
san'wen (romanization)
さんゑん (hiragana historical)

三猿主義

the three monkeys (the "see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil" monkeys)


マスクメロン

[ma̠sɨkɯ̟me̞ɾõ̞ɴ]


肉豆蔲

肉(にく)豆(ず)蔲(く) or 肉豆蔲(ニクズク) • (nikuzuku) ^(←にくづく (nikuduku)?)

肉豆蔲 (canonical)
肉豆蔲 (canonical)
nikuzuku (romanization)
nikuduku (romanization)
にくづく (hiragana historical)

[ɲ̟ikɯ̟zɨkɯ̟]


熊蝉

熊蝉 (canonical)
熊蝉 (canonical)
kumazemi (romanization)

Cryptotympana facialis, a species of cicada


インジゴ

[ĩɲ̟d͡ʑiɡo̞]


蘇鉄

蘇(そ)鉄(てつ) or 蘇鉄(ソテツ) • (sotetsu) ^(←そてつ (sotetu)?)

蘇鉄 (canonical)
蘇鉄 (canonical)
sotetsu (romanization)
sotetu (romanization)
そてつ (hiragana historical)


木斛

木(もっ)斛(こく) or 木斛(モッコク) • (mokkoku) ^(←もくこく (mokukoku)?)

木斛 (canonical)
木斛 (canonical)
mokkoku (romanization)
mokukoku (romanization)
もくこく (hiragana historical)


九年母

九(く)年(ねん)母(ぼ) or 九年母(クネンボ) • (kunenbo) ^(←くねんぼ (kunenbo)?)

九年母 (canonical)
九年母 (canonical)
kunenbo (romanization)
くねんぼ (hiragana historical)

kunenbo (Citrus reticulata, syn. Citrus nobilis)


里芋

里芋 (canonical)
里芋 (canonical)
satoimo (romanization)

From 里(さと) (sato, “village”) + 芋(いも) (imo, “potato”). Literally, "village potato".

ja-compound

Colocasia esculenta
Colocasia esculenta#Translingual

taro, a tropical root vegetable, Colocasia esculenta


アッサムせたかがめ

ja-noun

アッサムせたかがめ or アッサムセタカガメ • (Assamu setakagame)

アッサムせたかがめ (canonical)
アッサムセタカガメ (canonical)
Assamu setakagame (romanization)

Assam roofed turtle, Pangshura sylhetensis

ja:アッサムセタカガメ


やくしまだから

やくしまだから or ヤクシマダカラ • (Yakushima-dakara) ^(←やくしまだから (yakusimadakara)?)

やくしまだから (canonical)
ヤクシマダカラ (canonical)
Yakushima-dakara (romanization)
yakusimadakara (romanization)
やくしまだから (hiragana historical)

From 屋久島(やくしま) (Yakushima) + 宝(たから) (takara). The takara changes to dakara as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


ひめやくしまだから

ひめ-^やくしま-だから

ヒメ-^ヤクシマ-ダカラ

ひめやくしまだから or ヒメヤクシマダカラ • (hime-Yakushima-dakara) ^(←ひめやくしまだから (fimeyakusimadakara)?)

ひめやくしまだから (canonical)
ヒメヤクシマダカラ (canonical)
hime-Yakushima-dakara (romanization)
fimeyakusimadakara (romanization)
ひめやくしまだから (hiragana historical)


まきがい

makigai (romanization)
makigafi (romanization)
まきがひ (hiragana historical)

From 巻(ま)き (maki, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 巻(ま)く (maku)) + 貝(かい) (kai). The kai changes to gai as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


なまたまご

ja-noun

なまたまご • (namatamago) ^(←なまたまご (namatamago)?)

namatamago (romanization)
なまたまご (hiragana historical)

生麦生米生卵

生麦生米生卵 なまむぎなまごめなまたまご


洗卵

洗卵する (canonical)
senran suru (romanization)
洗卵し (stem)
洗卵した (past)
洗卵し
せんらんし
senran shi
洗卵する
せんらんする
senran suru
洗卵すれ
せんらんすれ
senran sure
洗卵せよ (imperative literary)
洗卵しろ (colloquial imperative)
せんらんせよ (imperative literary)
せんらんしろ (colloquial imperative)
senran seyo (imperative literary)
senran shiro (colloquial imperative)
洗卵される (passive)
せんらんされる (passive)
senran sareru (passive)
洗卵させる (causative)
洗卵さす (causative)
せんらんさせる (causative)
せんらんさす (causative)
senran saseru (causative)
senran sasu (causative)
洗卵できる (potential)
せんらんできる (potential)
senran dekiru (potential)
洗卵しよう (volitional)
せんらんしよう (volitional)
senran shiyō (volitional)
洗卵しない (negative)
せんらんしない (negative)
senran shinai (negative)
洗卵せず (continuative negative)
せんらんせず (continuative negative)
senran sezu (continuative negative)
洗卵します (formal)
せんらんします (formal)
senran shimasu (formal)
洗卵した (perfective)
せんらんした (perfective)
senran shita (perfective)
洗卵して (conjunctive)
せんらんして (conjunctive)
senran shite (conjunctive)
洗卵すれば (conditional hypothetical)
せんらんすれば (conditional hypothetical)
senran sureba (conditional hypothetical)


血卵

[ke̞t͡sɨɾã̠ɴ]


汚卵

汚卵洗浄機


液卵

液(えき)卵(らん) • (ekiran) ^(←えきらん (ekiran)?)

液卵 (canonical)
ekiran (romanization)
えきらん (hiragana historical)


成鳥

成(せい)鳥(ちょう) • (seichō) ^(←せいてう (seiteu)?)

成鳥 (canonical)
seichō (romanization)
seiteu (romanization)
せいてう (hiragana historical)

[se̞ːt͡ɕo̞ː]


集卵

集(しゅう)卵(らん) • (shūran) ^(←しふらん (sifuran)?)

集卵 (canonical)
shūran (romanization)
sifuran (romanization)
しふらん (hiragana historical)

(agriculture) collection / gathering of eggs


軟卵

軟(なん)卵(らん) • (nanran) ^(←なんらん (nanran)?)

軟卵 (canonical)
nanran (romanization)
なんらん (hiragana historical)


廃鶏

廃(はい)鶏(けい) • (haikei) ^(←はいけい (faikei)?)

廃鶏 (canonical)
haikei (romanization)
faikei (romanization)
はいけい (hiragana historical)


成鶏

成(せい)鶏(けい) • (seikei) ^(←せいけい (seikei)?)

成鶏 (canonical)
seikei (romanization)
せいけい (hiragana historical)


新玉葱

新(しん)玉(たま)葱(ねぎ) or 新玉葱(しんタマネギ) • (shin-tamanegi)

新玉葱 (canonical)
新玉葱 (canonical)
shin-tamanegi (romanization)

From 新(しん) (shin-, “new”) + 玉葱(たまねぎ) (tamanegi, “onion”).

ja-compound

green onion that is harvested in the spring and not dried, thus being more tender and gentle


モロヘイヤ

→ English: moroheiya

Corchorus olitorius
Corchorus olitorius#Translingual


コレラ菌

コレラ菌 (canonical)
korera-kin (romanization)

[ko̞ɾe̞ɾa̠kʲĩɴ]

Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae#Translingual

Vibrio cholerae (bacterium responsible for cholera)


槻欅

槻欅 (canonical)
tsukigeyaki (romanization)


豚鼻

Compound of 豚 (buta, “pig”) and 鼻 (hana, “nose”). The hana changes to bana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


白木蓮

ja-noun

白(はく)木(もく)蓮(れん) or 白木蓮(ハクモクレン) • (hakumokuren) ^(←はくもくれん (fakumokuren)?)

白木蓮 (canonical)
白木蓮 (canonical)
hakumokuren (romanization)
fakumokuren (romanization)
はくもくれん (hiragana historical)

[ha̠kɯ̟mo̞kɯ̟ɾẽ̞ɴ]


唐梨

唐梨 (canonical)
唐梨 (canonical)
karanashi (romanization)

Pseudocydonia sinensis
Pseudocydonia sinensis#Translingual


おおあな

ōana (romanization)
ofoana (romanization)
おほあな (hiragana historical)

(horse racing) dark horse; or the money gained from successfully betting on a dark horse


軍鶏

Corruption of 暹羅 (Shamuro) or シャム (Shamu, “Siam”).
A breed of chicken of Japan which was originated in Thailand, selectively bred for several hundred years and is very different from the original stock.


水雲

水雲 (canonical)
水雲 (canonical)
mozuku (romanization)

Any of various chordariaceous species of edible seaweed, including Nemacystus decipiens and Sphaerotrichia divaricata.


霜柱

霜(しも)柱(ばしら) or 霜柱(シモバシラ) • (shimobashira)

霜柱 (canonical)
霜柱 (canonical)
shimobashira (romanization)

Literally, “frost pillar”, 霜(しも) (shimo, “frost”) + 柱(はしら) (hashira, “pillar”). The hashira changes to bashira as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

ja:シモバシラ ja:霜柱


兎馬

[ɯ̟sa̠ɡʲiɯ̟ma̠]


熊笹

熊笹 (canonical)
熊笹 (canonical)
kumazasa (romanization)


熊葛

熊葛 (canonical)
kumatsuzura (romanization)

Verbena officinalis
Verbena officinalis#Translingual


美人蕉

ja-noun

美(び)人(じん)蕉(しょう) or 美人蕉(ビジンシょウ) • (bijinshō) ^(←びじんせう (bizinseu)?)

美人蕉 (canonical)
美人蕉 (canonical)
bijinshō (romanization)
bizinseu (romanization)
びじんせう (hiragana historical)

美人(びじん) (bijin, “a beauty”) + 蕉(しょう) (shō, “banana, plantain”)

ja-compound

Synonym of 姫芭蕉 (himebashō, “Musa coccinea”)


クーバース

ja-noun

クーバース • (kūbāsu)


野苺

野苺 (canonical)
野苺 (canonical)
noichigo (romanization)

野(の) (no, “wild”) + 苺(いちご) (ichigo, “strawberry”)

ja-compound

Fragaria vesca
Fragaria vesca#Translingual


夕顔

ja-noun

夕(ゆう)顔(がお) or 夕顔(ユウガオ) • (yūgao)

夕顔 (canonical)
夕顔 (canonical)
yūgao (romanization)

Literally, “evening face”, 夕(ゆう) (yū, “evening”) + 顔(がお) (gao, “face”)

ja-compound

Lagenaria siceraria
Lagenaria siceraria#Translingual

a variety of bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria var. hispida

common moonflower, moon vine of species Ipomoea alba


夜顔

夜顔 (canonical)
夜顔 (canonical)
yorugao (romanization)

[jo̞ɾɯ̟ɡa̠o̞]

Literally, “night face”, 夜(よる) (yoru, “night”) + 顔(がお) (gao, “face”)

common moonflower, moon vine, Ipomoea alba


温泉卵

温泉卵 (canonical)
onsentamago (romanization)

[õ̞ɰ̃sẽ̞nta̠ma̠ɡo̞]

温泉(おんせん) (onsen, “hot spring”) + 卵(たまご) (tamago, “egg”).

hot spring egg; onsen tamago (Japanese soft-boiled egg cuisine)


猫じゃらし

猫じゃらし (canonical)
nekojarashi (romanization)

From 猫(ねこ) (neko) + 戯(じゃ)らし (jarashi, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 戯(じゃ)らす (jarasu).).

ja-compound

Synonym of 狗尾草 (enokorogusa, “wild foxtail millet”)


西洋鋸草

ja-noun

西(せい)洋(よう)鋸(のこぎり)草(そう) or 西洋鋸草(セイヨウノコギリソウ) • (seiyō nokogirisō or seiyōnokogirisō)

西洋鋸草 (canonical)
西洋鋸草 (canonical)
seiyō nokogirisō (romanization)
seiyōnokogirisō (romanization)

西洋(せいよう) (seiyō, “Western”) + 鋸草(のこぎりそう) (nokogirisō, “yarrow”)

ja-compound

Achillea millefolium
Achillea millefolium#Translingual


鋸草

ja-noun

鋸(のこぎり)草(そう) or 鋸草(ノコギリソウ) • (nokogirisō)

鋸草 (canonical)
鋸草 (canonical)
nokogirisō (romanization)

Literally, “saw grass”, 鋸(のこぎり) (nokogiri, “saw”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass”)

西洋鋸草

西洋鋸草 セイヨウノコギリソウ

2002 July 24, “‘Hana katari’ nogirisō Girishia shinwa ni mei no yurai [‘Flower talk’: derivation of yarrow name from Greek myth]”, in Mainichi Shimbun, Aichi regional edition, page 16:

Nokogirisō is also known as achillea. In Greek myth, the hero Achilles knew how to use this plant to heal wounds. The name of the plant comes from this legend.

ノコギリソウの別名はアキレア。ギリシャ神話の英雄アキレスが、この植物に傷を治す力があることを知る。そんな伝説が名の由来だ。

Nokogirisō no betsumei wa akirea. Girisha shinwa no eiyū Akiresu ga, kono shokubutsu ni kizu o naosu chikara ga aru koto o shiru. sonna densetsu ga mei no yurai da.

yarrow, achilleas, various plants in the genus Achillea


アメリカオオアカイカ

ja:アメリカオオアカイカ


凌霄花

ja-noun

凌霄花(のうぜんかずら) or 凌霄花(ノウゼンカズラ) • (nōzenkazura)

凌霄花 (canonical)
凌霄花 (canonical)
nōzenkazura (romanization)

[no̞ːzẽ̞ŋka̠zɨɾa̠]

Chinese trumpet vine
Chinese trumpet vine

Campsis grandiflora
Campsis grandiflora#Translingual

Chinese trumpet vine (Campsis grandiflora)


女王蜂

女(じょ)王(おう)蜂(ばち) • (joōbachi) ^(←ぢよわうばち (dyowaubati)?)

女王蜂 (canonical)
joōbachi (romanization)
dyowaubati (romanization)
ぢよわうばち (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑo̞ːɯ̟ba̠t͡ɕi]

2005, 吉田忠晴, ニホンミツバチの社会をさぐる, 玉川大学出版部, →ISBN, page 58:

働き蜂の卵巣の発達は、女王蜂のフェロモンによって抑えられている。

Hatarakibachi no ransō no hattatsu wa, jōubachi no feromon ni yotte osaerarete iru.

The development of the worker bees’ ovaries is inhibited by the queen bee’s pheromones.


馬蘭

Synonym of 葉蘭 (haran, “cast-iron plant”) (Aspidistra elatior)


牡馬

2009, 河原谷創次郎, 天正戦国大戦 二, 学研パブリッシング, →ISBN, page 149:

前近代の日本の軍馬は、その多くが牡馬であったという。

Zenkindai no Nihon no gunba wa, sono ōku ga boba de atta to iu.

It is said that the majority of the warhorses in premodern Japan were male horses.


牡馬

牡馬 (canonical)
ouma (romanization)
wouma (romanization)
をうま (hiragana historical)

1911, 島崎藤村, 千曲川のスケッチ, 青空文庫:

ファラリイスの駒三十四頭、牝馬二百四十頭、牡馬まで合せて三百余頭の馬匹が列をつくって通過したのも、この原へ通う道だった。

Fararīsu no koma sanjūyontō, meuma nihyakuyonjittō, ouma made awasete sanbyaku-yotō no bahitsu ga retsu o tsukutte tsūka shita no mo, kono hara e kayou michi datta.

The road leading to this field was also where a total of more than three hundred horses—including the thirty-four Phalaris foals, the two hundred forty female horses, and the male horses—passed through in file.


牡馬

牡馬 (canonical)
oma (romanization)
woma (romanization)
をま (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.


はとぽっぽ

はとぽっぽ • (hatopoppo) ^(←はとぽつぽ (fatopotupo)?)

hatopoppo (romanization)
fatopotupo (romanization)
はとぽつぽ (hiragana historical)


形見草

形見草 (canonical)
katamigusa (romanization)

Compound of 形見(かたみ) (katami, “keepsake”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Synonym of 冬葵 (fuyuaoi, “Chinese mallow”).


銭葵

Malva sylvestris
Malva sylvestris#Translingual


霊鳥

ja-noun

霊(れい)鳥(ちょう) • (reichō) ^(←れいてう (reiteu)?)

霊鳥 (canonical)
reichō (romanization)
reiteu (romanization)
れいてう (hiragana historical)

[ɾe̞ːt͡ɕo̞ː]


乗馬

乗馬 (canonical)
jōba (romanization)
zyouba (romanization)
じようば (hiragana historical)


木藍

木藍 (canonical)
木藍 (canonical)
kiai (romanization)

plants from the genus Indigofera　used in dyeing, more specifically Synonym of インド藍 (indo-ai, “Indigofera suffruticosa”)


フィッシュイーター

フィッシュイーター • (fisshu ītā)

[ɸʲiɕːɨ iːta̠ː]

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from fish + eater.


代用魚

fish species eaten in place of another species


トロピカルフルーツ

[to̞ɾo̞pʲika̠ɾɯ̟ ɸɯ̟ɾɯ̟ːt͡sɨ]


尺取虫

ja-noun

尺(しゃく)取(とり)虫(むし) or 尺取虫(シャクトリムシ) • (shakutorimushi) ^(←しやくとりむし (syakutorimusi)?)

尺取虫 (canonical)
尺取虫 (canonical)
shakutorimushi (romanization)
syakutorimusi (romanization)
しやくとりむし (hiragana historical)

[ɕa̠kɯ̟to̞ɾʲimɯ̟ɕi]

From 尺(しゃく) (shaku, “shaku”) + 取(と)り (tori, “taking”, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 取(と)る (toru).) + 虫(むし) (mushi, “bug”).


肉食魚

肉食魚 (canonical)
nikushokugyo (romanization)

[ɲ̟ikɯ̟ɕo̞kɯ̟ɡʲo̞]

From 肉食(にくしょく) (nikushoku) + 魚(ぎょ) (gyo).


マジックマッシュルーム

ja-noun

マジック マッシュルーム

[ma̠ʑik̚kɯ̟ ma̠ɕːɨɾɯ̟ːmɯ̟]

ja:マジックマッシュルーム


はちのこ

hachinoko (romanization)
fatinoko (romanization)
はちのこ (hiragana historical)


赤虫

赤虫 (canonical)
赤虫 (canonical)
akamushi (romanization)

From 赤(あか) (aka, “red”) + 虫(むし) (mushi, “bug”).

ja-compound

red velvet mite, harvest mite, various mites of the family Trombidiidae; (especially) Trombicula akamushi


カムルチー

[ka̠mɯ̟ɾɯ̟t͡ɕiː]


小米草

小米草 (canonical)
kogomegusa (romanization)

Literally, “crushed rice grass”, 小米(こごめ) (kogome, “tiny crushed up bits of rice”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass, plant”)

伊吹小米草 伊吹小米草#Japanese

Synonym of 伊吹小米草 (Ibuki kogome-gusa, “Euphrasia insignis subsp. iinumae, a species of eyebright”)

伊吹小米草

伊吹小米草 イブキコゴメグサ

苔小米草

苔小米草 コケコゴメグサ

立小米草

立小米草 タチコゴメグサ

深山小米草

深山小米草 ミヤマコゴメグサ


虞美人草

ja-noun

虞(ぐ)美(び)人(じん)草(そう) • (gubijinsō) ^(←ぐびじんさう (gubizinsau)?)

虞美人草 (canonical)
gubijinsō (romanization)
gubizinsau (romanization)
ぐびじんさう (hiragana historical)

[ɡɯ̟bʲiʑĩɰ̃so̞ː]

虞(ぐ)美人(びじん) (Gu bijin, “Yu the Beauty”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass”)

ja-compound

1921, 寺田寅彦, 旅日記から（明治四十二年）, 青空文庫:

劇場の中のまるい広場には、緑の草の毛氈の中に真紅の虞美人草が咲き乱れて、かよわい花弁がわずかな風にふるえていた。

Teatoro no naka no marui hiroba ni wa, midori no kusa no mōsen no naka ni shinku no gubijinsō ga sakimidarete, kayowai hanabira ga wazuka na kaze ni furuete ita.

In the round open area of the theater, deep crimson field poppies bloomed profusely on a carpet of green grass, and their delicate petals trembled in the slightest wind.

Papaver rhoeas
Papaver rhoeas#Translingual

Synonym of 雛罌粟 (hinageshi, “Papaver rhoeas, common poppy, corn poppy, field poppy”)


コウタイ

ja-noun

コウタイ • (kōtai)


島柄長

島(しま)柄(え)長(なが) or 島柄長(シマエナガ) • (shima enaga)

島柄長 (canonical)
島柄長 (canonical)
shima enaga (romanization)

島(しま) (shima, “island”) + 柄長(えなが) (enaga, “long-tailed tit”)

ja-compound

2017 March 5, “Bādo uochitchingu kafe [Bird watching cafe]”, in Mainichi Shimbun, page 28:

In the garden a shimaenaga, called the snow fairy for her adorable appearance, has made the scene and become an “idol” among the guests.

庭には愛らしい姿から雪の妖精とも呼ばれるシマエナガも姿を見せ、客の「アイドル」となっている。

Niwa ni wa airashī sugata kara yuki no yōsei to mo yobareru shimaenaga mo sugata o mise, kyaku no “aidoru” to natteiru.

Aegithalos caudatus japonicus, a subspecies of the long-tailed tit


鮎掛

鮎掛 (canonical)
鮎掛 (canonical)
aikake (romanization)

a sculpin, any of several fish of the family Cottidae

(regional, Mie and Wakayama prefectures) Japanese fluvial sculpin, Cottus pollux

Cottus kazika
Cottus kazika#Translingual

(regional, Shizuoka, Nara, Shimane, Yamaguchi, Tokushima, and Kagoshima prefectures) fourspine sculpin, Cottus kazika


鮎掛

鮎掛 (canonical)
鮎掛 (canonical)
ayukake (romanization)

Japanese fluvial sculpin (Cottus pollux)

sculpins (fish of the family Cottidae)
fourspine sculpin (Cottus kazika)


揺蚊

揺蚊 (canonical)
揺蚊 (canonical)
yusurika (romanization)

From 揺(ゆ)すり (yusuri, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 揺(ゆ)する (yusuru, “shake”)) + 蚊(か) (ka, “mosquito”).

ja-compound

chironomid, any of various midges of the family Chironomidae


多毛類

polychete worm, any of various segmented marine worms in the class Polychaeta


磯目

磯目 (canonical)
磯目 (canonical)
isome (romanization)

eunicids, bloodworms, any of various marine worms in the Eunicidae family

the class that includes eunicids and sand worms


雛罌粟

雛罌粟 (canonical)
hinageshi (romanization)

From 雛(ひな) (hina-, diminutive prefix, carrying favorable connotations such as a sense of cuteness) + 罌粟(けし) (keshi, “poppy”). The keshi changes to geshi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

1927, 横光利一, 花園の思想, 青空文庫:

またあの柔かな雛罌粟が壺にささって微風に赤々と揺らめくと、妻はかすかな歎声を洩して眺めていた。

Mata ano yawaraka na hinageshi ga tsubo ni sasatte soyokaze ni akaaka to yurameku to, tsuma wa kasuka na tansei o morashite nagamete ita.

Further, when the soft corn poppy stuck in the vase fluttered redly in the gentle breeze, his wife let out a faint sigh as she watched it.

Papaver rhoeas, common poppy, corn poppy, field poppy


アラレガコ

アラレガコ (canonical)
あられがこ (canonical)
araregako (romanization)

[a̠ɾa̠ɾe̞ɡa̠ko̞]

Purportedly from 霰(あられ) (arare, “graupel, small hail”) for its white underbelly.

(regional, Fukuoka prefecture) the fourspine sculpin (Cottus kazika)


米松

米松 (canonical)
米松 (canonical)
beimatsu (romanization)


赤蕪

赤蕪 (canonical)
赤蕪 (canonical)
akakabu (romanization)

Brassica rapa
Brassica rapa#Translingual

red turnip (any of several varieties of turnip (Brassica rapa) that are red or purple in color)


二十日大根

ja-noun

二十(はつ)日(か)大(だい)根(こん) or 二十日大根(ハツカダイコン) • (hatsuka daikon or hatsukadaikon)

二十日大根 (canonical)
二十日大根 (canonical)
hatsuka daikon (romanization)
hatsukadaikon (romanization)

Cultivars were introduced to Japan during the Meiji period (1868-1912), and the word appears in print by the early 20th century (see quotations below). Superficially of 二十(はつ)日(か) (hatsuka, “20 days, 20th day”) + 大(だい)根(こん) (daikon, “daikon”), possibly from the fact that the vegetable may be harvested as early as 20 days after planting.

ja-compound

1908, Fukuba Hayato, Kaju sosai kōtō saibai ron [On cultivation of high-quality fruits and vegetables], page 271:

Regarding hatsuka daikon, there is great demand for various Japanese-style dishes

二十日大根ハ邦式調理ニテハサマデ需要 […]

Hatsuka daikon wa kuni-shiki chōri nite wa sama de juyō […]

1911, Nōson jichi no kenkyū [Report on an autonomous agricultural village], Yokohama: Yūrindō, page 251:

second-season potatoes, ban daikon, all-season daikon, and hatsuka daikon (harvested April through August)

二期生馬鈴薯、晚大根、時無大根、二十日大根（四月ヨリ八月ニ至る）

niki sei bareisho, ban daikon, tokinashi daikon, hatsuka daikon (shigatsu yori hachigatsu ni itaru)

Raphanus sativus
Raphanus sativus#Translingual

radish, Raphanus sativus, (specifically) small red radishes


鰣魚

鰣魚 (canonical)
鰣魚 (canonical)
jigyo (romanization)


苦草

苦草 (canonical)
苦草 (canonical)
nigakusa (romanization)

Teucrium japonicum, a species of germander


なば

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

Compound of な (na, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of ぬ (nu, particle of perfect tense)) + ば (ba, conditional suffix).
First cited in the Man'yōshū of 759.

compound

1739, Ishida Baigan (石田梅岩), Tohi Mondō (都鄙問答), book 2:

心だにまことの道にかなひなば祈らずとても神や守らん

kokoro dani makoto no michi ni kanainaba inorazu tote mo kami ya mamoran

If at least thine heart hath agreed with the true path, then the god will protect thee even if thou prayest not.

(Classical Japanese) used to state the speaker's expectation if something were the case certainly


茶梅

Synonym of 山茶花 (sazanka, “Camellia sasanqua”)


淡竹

淡竹 (canonical)
淡竹 (canonical)
hachiku (romanization)

Henon bamboo, Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis


蓴菜

ja-noun

蓴(じゅん)菜(さい) or 蓴菜(ジュンサイ) • (junsai) ^(←じゆんさい (zyunsai)?)

蓴菜 (canonical)
蓴菜 (canonical)
junsai (romanization)
zyunsai (romanization)
じゆんさい (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑɨ̃ɰ̃sa̠i]

Derived from Middle Chinese 蓴菜 (MC dzywin tshojH).


亀の手

亀の手 (canonical)
亀の手 (canonical)
kamenote (romanization)

Capitulum mitella (Japanese goose barnacle)


尾黒鶴

尾(お)黒(ぐろ)鶴(づる) or 尾黒鶴(オグロヅル) • (ogurozuru)

尾黒鶴 (canonical)
尾黒鶴 (canonical)
ogurozuru (romanization)

[o̞ɡɯ̟ɾo̞zɨɾɯ̟]

Of 尾(お) (o, “tail”) + 黒(くろ) (kuro, “black”) + 鶴(つる) (tsuru, “crane”). The kuro changes to guro and the tsuru to zuru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Grus nigricollis
Grus nigricollis#Translingual


春蘭

春蘭 (canonical)
shunran (romanization)
本 (counter)


イカ耳

Compound of 烏賊 (ika, “squid”) + 耳 (mimi, “ear”), referring to the cat's ears resembling the shape of a squid.

(neologism) "Airplane ears", ears folded by a cat when it is upset or uneasy.


三色菫

ja-noun

三(さん)色(しき)菫(すみれ) or 三色菫(サンシキスミレ) • (sanshiki sumire)

三色菫 (canonical)
三色菫 (canonical)
sanshiki sumire (romanization)

Literally, “three colour violet”, 三色(さんしき) (sanshiki, “three colour”) + 菫(すみれ) (sumire, “violet”)

ja-compound

Viola tricolor
Viola tricolor#Translingual

wild pansy, love-in-idleness, Viola tricolor


金石魚

金石魚 (canonical)
金石魚 (canonical)
kiguchi (romanization)

[kʲiɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]

Possibly from 黄(き) (ki, “yellow”) and グチ (guchi, “Nibea, croaker”).

redlip croaker, yellow corvina, yellow croaker, Larimichthys polyactis (a species of marine fish)


喉奥

Compound of 喉(のど) (nodo, “throat”) + 奥(おく) (oku, “place deep inside”). Literally, “place deep inside the throat”.


蘇芳

ja-noun

蘇(す)芳(おう) or 蘇芳(スオウ) • (suō) ^(←すはう (sufau)?)

蘇芳 (canonical)
蘇芳 (canonical)
suō (romanization)
sufau (romanization)
すはう (hiragana historical)

Biancaea sappan
Biancaea sappan#Translingual


衣被

衣(きぬ)被(かずき) • (kinukazuki) ^(←きぬかづき (kinukaduki)?)

衣被 (canonical)
kinukazuki (romanization)
kinukaduki (romanization)
きぬかづき (hiragana historical)

Compound of 衣(きぬ) (kinu, “clothing”) + 被(かずき) (kazuki, “thing that covers”).

ja-com

(historical) the practice in the Heian period where upper-class women would cover their faces with their clothing when they went out; the type of headdress; the women referred to


衣被

衣被 (canonical)
kinukatsugi (romanization)

an autumn dish and sake accompaniment consisting of small steamed taro potatoes


洋梨

洋梨 (canonical)
洋梨 (canonical)
yōnashi (romanization)

Pyrus communis
Pyrus communis#Translingual


サンチュ

Lactuca sativa var. angustana, a lettuce in Japan commonly eaten with meats


ケッパー

ja-noun

ケッパー • (keppā)

Capparis spinosa
Capparis spinosa#Translingual

caper, Capparis spinosa, or its bud, which is pickled and eaten


琵琶鱒

琵(び)琶(わ)鱒(ます) or 琵琶鱒(ビワマス) • (biwa masu)

From 琵琶湖(びわこ) (Biwako, “Lake Biwa”) and 鱒(マス) (masu, “trout”). In turn from 琵琶(びわ) (biwa), a type of lute, for the shape of the lake.


桜鱒

桜鱒 (canonical)
桜鱒 (canonical)
sakuramasu (romanization)

桜(さくら) (sakura, “cherry tree”) + 鱒(マス) (masu, “trout”).

ja-compound

masu, masu salmon, cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou)


鱒の介

ja-noun

鱒(ます)の介(すけ) or 鱒(マス)の介(スケ) • (masu-no-suke)

鱒の介 (canonical)
鱒の介 (canonical)
masu-no-suke (romanization)

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha#Translingual

chinook salmon; king salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha


ふみふみ

(neologism) Kneading, the behavior cats do by pressing their front paws on a surface when they feel relaxed.


海羊歯

海羊歯 (canonical)
海羊歯 (canonical)
umishida (romanization)

From 海(うみ) (umi, “sea”) + 羊歯(しだ) (shida, “fern”)

ja-compound

feather star (an echinoderm of the order Comatulida)


郁子

ja-noun

郁(む)子(べ) or 郁子(ムベ) or 郁(う)子(べ) or 郁(うん)子(べ) or 郁(んー)子(べ) • (mube or ube or unbe or nnbe)

郁子 (canonical)
郁子 (canonical)
郁子 (canonical)
郁子 (canonical)
郁子 (canonical)
mube (romanization)
ube (romanization)
unbe (romanization)
nnbe (romanization)


弟鷹

Apparently a jukujikun (熟字訓) spelling from 大(だい) (dai, “big”); contrast with the antonym, 兄鷹(しょう) (shō), ostensibly from 小(しょう) (shō, “small”). The kanji used are 弟 (“younger brother”) + 鷹 (“hawk, northern goshawk”).

ja-r

兄鷹(しょう) (shō)

affix

specifically, a female of the northern goshawk


浜菊

浜菊 (canonical)
浜菊 (canonical)
hamagiku (romanization)

Nipponanthemum nipponicum, Nippon daisy, a flowering plant native to Japan


はたらきあり

ja-noun

はたらきあり • (hataraki-ari) ^(←はたらきあり (fatarakiari)?)

hataraki-ari (romanization)
fatarakiari (romanization)
はたらきあり (hiragana historical)

From 働(はたら)き (hataraki, “連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 働(はたら)く (hataraku).”) + 蟻(あり) (ari).


野沢菜

From 野沢 (Nozawa, “Nozawaonsen-mura, a town in Nagano Prefecture where it was first cultivated”) + 菜 (na, “vegetable”).

com

nozawana (Japanese variety of turnip greens)


歌詠鳥

歌詠鳥 (canonical)
utayomidori (romanization)

Japanese bush warbler
Japanese bush warbler


ヒドロ虫

ヒドロ虫 (canonical)
hidorochū (romanization)

[çido̞ɾo̞t͡ɕɨː]

From Ancient Greek ὑδρο- (hudro-) + 虫 (chū).


黄蘗

From 黄(き) (ki, “yellow”) + 肌(はだ) (hada, “skin”), a reference to the bright yellow colour of the tree's inner bark. The second kanji 蘗 replaces 肌 as an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 黃蘗 /黄蘗 (huángbò), in Chinese more commonly written 黃檗／黄檗 (huángbò).

zh-l

黃檗／黄檗 (huángbò)

Phellodendron amurense
Phellodendron amurense#Translingual


黄蘗

Chinese 黃蘗 /黄蘗 (huángbò), in Chinese more commonly written 黃檗／黄檗 (huángbò).

黃檗／黄檗 (huángbò)

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

an extract of the bark of the Amur cork tree, used for its brilliant yellow colour as a dye and in traditional Chinese medicine


巨峰

Kyoho, a blackish-purple grape variety commonly grown in Japan


白松

白松 (canonical)
白松 (canonical)
shiromatsu (romanization)


襟巻蜥蜴

襟巻蜥蜴 (canonical)
erimakitokage (romanization)


冬木

1993, Hosai Ozaki, translated by Hiroaki Sato, Right under the big sky, I don't wear a hat: the haiku and prose of Hosai Ozaki, Berkeley, CA: Stone Bridge Press:

わが家の冬木二三本
家のぐるり落葉にして顔出してゐる
墓原花無きこのごろ

wagaya no fuyugi nisan hon
ie no gururi rakuyō ni shite gao dashite iru
hakawara hana naki kono goro

At my house a few winter trees
With dead leaves all around his house, poking his face out
The grave-field flowerless these days

a tree as seen in winter (especially a barren deciduous tree)


青文字

ja-noun

青(あお)文(も)字(じ) or 青文字(アオモジ) • (aomoji) ^(←あをもじ (awomozi)?)

青文字 (canonical)
青文字 (canonical)
aomoji (romanization)
awomozi (romanization)
あをもじ (hiragana historical)


鴨脚

鴨(おう)脚(きゃく) • (ōkyaku) ^(←あふきやく (afukyaku)?)

鴨脚 (canonical)
ōkyaku (romanization)
afukyaku (romanization)
あふきやく (hiragana historical)

[o̞ːkʲa̠kɯ̟]

Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba#Translingual

(rare) Synonym of 銀杏 (ichō, “the ginkgo tree, Ginkgo biloba”)


岩梨

岩梨 (canonical)
岩梨 (canonical)
iwanashi (romanization)

Epigaea asiatica
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:イワナシ

Superficially of 岩(いわ) (iwa, “stone”) + 梨(なし) (nashi, “pear”); compare synonyms 岩椿(いわつばき) (iwatsubaki, literally “stone camellia”), 砂苺(すないちご) (sunaichigo, literally “sand strawberry”). Attested from the 13th century.


沢鵟鷲

ja-noun

沢鵟(ちゅうひ)鷲(わし) or 沢鵟鷲(チュウヒワシ) • (chūhiwashi)

沢鵟鷲 (canonical)
沢鵟鷲 (canonical)
chūhiwashi (romanization)

[t͡ɕɨːçiβ̞a̠ɕi]

From 沢鵟(ちゅうひ) (chūhi, “eastern marsh harrier, Circus spilonotus”) + 鷲(わし) (washi, “eagle”).

ja-compound

short-toed snake eagle
short-toed snake eagle

Circaetus gallicus
Circaetus gallicus#Translingual

short-toed snake eagle, Circaetus gallicus


連福草

ja-noun

連(れん)福(ぷく)草(そう) or 連福草(レンプクソウ) • (renpukusō)

連福草 (canonical)
連福草 (canonical)
renpukusō (romanization)


マングローブ

[mã̠ŋɡɯ̟ɾo̞ːbɯ̟]


ゆずりは

ゆずりは or ユズリハ • (yuzuriha) ^(←ゆづりは (yudurifa)?)

ゆずりは (canonical)
ユズリハ (canonical)
yuzuriha (romanization)
yudurifa (romanization)
ゆづりは (hiragana historical)


シャーク

シャーク • (shāku)


アヤワスカ

Borrowed from English ayahuasca, from Spanish ayahuasca, from Quechua ayawaska, from aya (“spirit, ancestor”) + waska (“vine”).

Banisteriopsis caapi
Banisteriopsis caapi#Translingual

ayahuasca (giant vine native to South America, Banisteriopsis caapi, noted for its psychotropic properties)


烏柄杓

烏(からす)柄(び)杓(しゃく) or 烏柄杓(カラスビシャク) • (karasubishaku)

烏柄杓 (canonical)
烏柄杓 (canonical)
karasubishaku (romanization)

From 烏(からす) (karasu, “crow”) + 柄杓(ひしゃく) (hishaku, “ladle, dipper”)


秋茜

秋茜 (canonical)
秋茜 (canonical)
akiakane (romanization)

Sympetrum frequens (species of dragonfly endemic to Japan)


帝揚羽

ja-noun

帝(みかど)揚(あげ)羽(は) or 帝揚羽(ミカドアゲハ) • (mikadoageha)

帝揚羽 (canonical)
帝揚羽 (canonical)
mikadoageha (romanization)

Compound of 帝(みかど) (mikado, “emperor”) + 揚羽(あげは) (ageha, “swallowtail butterfly”)


風蘭

ja-noun

風(ふう)蘭(らん) or 風蘭(フウラン) • (fūran)

風蘭 (canonical)
風蘭 (canonical)
fūran (romanization)


風鈴草

風(ふう)鈴(りん)草(そう) or 風鈴草(フウリンソウ) • (fūrinsō) ^(←ふうりんさう (fuurinsau)?)

風鈴草 (canonical)
風鈴草 (canonical)
fūrinsō (romanization)
fuurinsau (romanization)
ふうりんさう (hiragana historical)

[ɸɯ̟ːɾʲĩɰ̃so̞ː]


牧場田雲雀

牧(まき)場(ば)田(た)雲雀(ひばり) or 牧場田雲雀(マキバタヒバリ) • (makibatahibari)

牧場田雲雀 (canonical)
牧場田雲雀 (canonical)
makibatahibari (romanization)

Anthus pratensis
Anthus pratensis#Translingual


がじゅまる

がじゅまる (canonical)
ガジュマル (canonical)
gajumaru (romanization)

[ɡa̠ʑɨma̠ɾɯ̟]


烏蛇

烏蛇 (canonical)
烏蛇 (canonical)
karasuhebi (romanization)

烏(からす) (karasu, “crow”) + 蛇(へび) (hebi, “snake”)

ja-compound

black morph Japanese striped snake, Elaphe quadrivirgata


神楽蝙蝠

ja-noun

神楽(かぐら)蝙蝠(こうもり) or 神楽蝙蝠(カグラコウモリ) • (kagurakōmori)

神楽蝙蝠 (canonical)
神楽蝙蝠 (canonical)
kagurakōmori (romanization)

Compound of 神楽(かぐら) (kagura, “kagura, sacred dance”) + 蝙蝠(こうもり) (kōmori, “bat”)

ja-compound

lesser great leaf-nosed bat, lesser roundleaf bat, Hipposideros turpis


天狗蝙蝠

ja-noun

天(てん)狗(ぐ)蝙蝠(こうもり) or 天狗蝙蝠(テングコウモリ) • (tengukōmori)

天狗蝙蝠 (canonical)
天狗蝙蝠 (canonical)
tengukōmori (romanization)

Compound of 天狗(てんぐ) (tengu, “long nosed mountain spirit”) + 蝙蝠(こうもり) (kōmori, “bat”)

ja-compound

Hilgendorf's tube-nosed bat, Murina hilgendorfi


兎蝙蝠

ja-noun

兎(うさぎ)蝙蝠(こうもり) or 兎蝙蝠(ウサギコウモリ) • (usagikōmori)

兎蝙蝠 (canonical)
兎蝙蝠 (canonical)
usagikōmori (romanization)

Compound of 兎(うさぎ) (usagi, “rabbit, hare”) + 蝙蝠(こうもり) (kōmori, “bat”)

ja-compound

brown long-eared bat, common long-eared bat, Plecotus auritus


銀蜻蜓

銀蜻蜓 (canonical)
gin'yanma (romanization)

Compound of 銀(ぎん) (gin, “silver”) + 蜻蜓(やんま) (yanma, “large dragonfly”)


ラサ・アプソ

やかて丶二頭のラサ・アプソ(チベット原産の愛玩犬)が現れた。パピーミルで繁殖犬として飼われていたか、高齢化して子犬を産めなくなったので捨てられたのた。

2014 February 10, ジョン・ホーマンズ (John Homans), 犬が私たちをパートナーに選んだわけ: 最新の犬研究からわかる、人間の「最良の友」の起源, CCCメディアハウス:


団扇蜻蜓

ja-noun

団扇(うちわ)蜻蜓(やんま) or 団扇蜻蜓(ウチワヤンマ) • (uchiwayanma)

団扇蜻蜓 (canonical)
団扇蜻蜓 (canonical)
uchiwayanma (romanization)

Compound of 団扇(うちわ) (uchiwa, “rigid round fan”) + 蜻蜓(やんま) (yanma, “large dragonfly”)


西洋榛

ja-noun

西(せい)洋(よう)榛(はしばみ) or 西洋榛(セイヨウハシバミ) • (seiyōhashibami)

西洋榛 (canonical)
西洋榛 (canonical)
seiyōhashibami (romanization)

Compound of 西洋(せいよう) (seiyō, “the West, Western”) + 榛(はしばみ) (hashibami, “hazel”)

ja-compound

Corylus avellana
Corylus avellana#Translingual


七竈

七竈 (canonical)
七竈 (canonical)
nanakamado (romanization)

西洋七竈

西洋七竈 せいようななかまど


スコずわり

[sɨko̞zɨβ̞a̠ɾʲi]

From スコティッシュフォールド (Sukotisshu Fōrudo, shortened) + 座(すわ)り (suwari). The suwari changes to zuwari as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

^スコティッシュ ^フォールド

upright sitting pose characteristic of Scottish Fold cats; Buddha pose


大鷺草

ja-noun

大(だい)鷺(さぎ)草(そう) or 大鷺草(ダイサギソウ) • (daisagisō)

大鷺草 (canonical)
大鷺草 (canonical)
daisagisō (romanization)

大(だい) (dai, “great”) + 鷺草(さぎそう) (sagisō, “fringed orchid”)


野薊

野薊 (canonical)
野薊 (canonical)
noazami (romanization)

野(の) (no, “field”) + 薊(あざみ) (azami, “thistle”)


鷺草

鷺草 (canonical)
鷺草 (canonical)
sagisō (romanization)

鷺(さぎ) (sagi, “egret”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass”), from the apparent resemblance to a flying egret


笹葉銀蘭

ja-noun

笹(ささ)葉(ば)銀(ぎん)蘭(らん) or 笹葉銀蘭(ササバギンラン) • (sasabaginran)

笹葉銀蘭 (canonical)
笹葉銀蘭 (canonical)
sasabaginran (romanization)

Lit. bamboo-leafed silver orchid, 笹葉(ささば) (sasaba, “bamboo leaf”) + 銀蘭(ぎんらん) (ginran, “silver orchid”)


令法

ja-noun

令(りょう)法(ぶ) or 令法(リョウブ) • (ryōbu) ^(←りやうぶ (ryaubu)?)

令法 (canonical)
令法 (canonical)
ryōbu (romanization)
ryaubu (romanization)
りやうぶ (hiragana historical)


蝋梅

蝋(ろう)梅(ばい) or 蝋梅(ロウバイ) • (rōbai) ^(←らふばい (rafubai)?)

蝋梅 (canonical)
蝋梅 (canonical)
rōbai (romanization)
rafubai (romanization)
らふばい (hiragana historical)

Lit. wax plum, 蝋(ろう) (rō, “wax”) + 梅(ばい) (bai, “plum”)


狸菖蒲

狸(たぬき)菖蒲(あやめ) or 狸菖蒲(タヌキアヤメ) • (tanuki-ayame)

狸菖蒲 (canonical)
狸菖蒲 (canonical)
tanuki-ayame (romanization)

Lit., tanuki iris, 狸(たぬき) (tanuki) + 菖蒲(あやめ) (ayame, “iris”)


スプリングボック

[sɨpɯ̟ɾʲĩŋɡɯ̟bo̞k̚kɯ̟]

Borrowed from English springbok, from Afrikaans springbok, from Dutch springbok.


蔓蕺草

ja-noun

蔓(つる)蕺草(どくだみ) or 蔓蕺草(ツルドクダミ) • (tsurudokudami)

蔓蕺草 (canonical)
蔓蕺草 (canonical)
tsurudokudami (romanization)

蔓(つる) (tsuru, “vine”) + 蕺草(どくだみ) (dokudami, “chameleon plant”)


白髭草

ja-noun

白(しら)髭(ひげ)草(そう) or 白髭草(シラヒゲソウ) • (shirahigesō)

白髭草 (canonical)
白髭草 (canonical)
shirahigesō (romanization)

Literally, “'white whiskered grass”, 白髭(しらひげ) (shirahige, “white beard, white moustache”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass”)


呉茱萸

呉茱萸 (canonical)
呉茱萸 (canonical)
goshuyu (romanization)

the fruit of Tetradium ruticarpum, used in traditional medicine


雪の下

ja-noun

雪(ゆき)の下(した) or 雪(ユキ)の下(シタ) • (yukinoshita)

雪の下 (canonical)
雪の下 (canonical)
yukinoshita (romanization)

Saxifraga stolonifera
Saxifraga stolonifera#Translingual

creeping saxifrage (Saxifraga stolonifera)


駒草

駒草 (canonical)
駒草 (canonical)
komakusa (romanization)

Literally, “horse plant”, 駒(こま) (koma, “pony, horse”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass, plant”)


ヤングコーン

[jã̠ŋɡɯ̟ kõ̞ːɴ]

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from young + corn.


狐の牡丹

ja-noun

狐(きつね)の牡(ぼ)丹(たん) or 狐(キツネ)の牡丹(ボタン) • (kitsunenobotan)

狐の牡丹 (canonical)
狐の牡丹 (canonical)
kitsunenobotan (romanization)

Literally, “fox's peony”, 狐(きつね) (kitsune, “fox”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 牡(ぼ)丹(たん) (botan, “peony”).


狐花

狐花 (canonical)
kitsunebana (romanization)

Literally, “fox flower”, 狐(きつね) (kitsune, “fox”) + 花(ばな) (bana, “flower”). The hana changes to bana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Lycoris radiata
Lycoris radiata#Translingual

Synonym of 彼岸花 (higanbana, “red spider lily (Lycoris radiata)”)


ピラルクー

pirarukū (romanization)
ピラルク (alternative)

[pʲiɾa̠ɾɯ̟kɯ̟ː]

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pira
Old Tupi pirá
Proto-Tupian *ɨrʲuku
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *uruku
Old Tupi uruku
Old Tupi pirauruku
Nheengatu pirarukúbor.
Portuguese pirarucubor.
Japanese ピラルクー
Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese pirarucu.

bor+

2019 November 30, “君の横顔 [Kimi no Yokogao]” (10:26 from the start), in 食戟のソーマ [Shokugeki no Sōma, Food Wars], season 4, episode 8, spoken by Rindō Kobayashi (Shizuka Itō), Tokyo, via Tokyo MX:

That's right, the arapaima! It lives in the Amazon River Basin and is the world's largest freshwater fish!

Sō, pirarukū! Amazongawa ryūiki ni seisoku suru sekai saidai no tansuigyo da ze!

そう、ピラルクー！アマゾン川流域に生息する世界最大の淡水魚だぜ！

世界最大 せかいさいだい


猩々袴

ja-noun

猩(しょう)々(じょう)袴(ばかま) or 猩々袴(ショウジョウバカマ) • (shōjōbakama)

猩々袴 (canonical)
猩々袴 (canonical)
shōjōbakama (romanization)

Literally, “orangutan hakama”, compound of 猩々(しょうじょう) (shōjō, “orangutan”) + 袴(はかま) (hakama, “hakama- traditional Japanese trousers”). The hakama changes to bakama as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Oriental swamp pink, Heloniopsis orientalis

ja:ショウジョウバカマ


片栗

片栗 (canonical)
片栗 (canonical)
katakuri (romanization)


藺草

藺草 (canonical)
藺草 (canonical)
igusa (romanization)

Juncus effusus
Juncus effusus#Translingual

Juncus effusus, commonly known as common rush or soft rush, a flowering plant.


太藺

太藺 (canonical)
太藺 (canonical)
futoi (romanization)

Literally, “thick rush”, compound of 太(ふと) (futo, “thick”) + 藺(い) (i, “rush, bulrush”)

softstem bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani)


蛍藺

蛍藺 (canonical)
蛍藺 (canonical)
hotarui (romanization)

Literally, “firefly rush”, compound of 蛍(ほたる) (hotaru, “firefly”) + 藺(い) (i, “rush, bulrush”)


杉菜

杉菜 (canonical)
杉菜 (canonical)
sugina (romanization)

Equisetum arvense
Equisetum arvense#Translingual


舟腹草

ja-noun

舟(ふな)腹(ばら)草(そう) or 舟腹草(フナバラソウ) • (funabarasō) ^(←ふなばらさう (funabarasau)?)

舟腹草 (canonical)
舟腹草 (canonical)
funabarasō (romanization)
funabarasau (romanization)
ふなばらさう (hiragana historical)

Literally, “ship's hold grass”, compound of 船腹(ふなばら) (funabara, “ship's hold”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass”)


蔓梅擬

ja-noun

蔓(つる)梅(うめ)擬(もどき) or 蔓梅擬(ツルウメモドキ) • (tsurūmemodoki)

蔓梅擬 (canonical)
蔓梅擬 (canonical)
tsurūmemodoki (romanization)

round-leaved bittersweet, Celastrus orbiculatus


靫葛

靫(うつぼ)葛(かずら) or 靫葛(ウツボカズラ) • (utsubokazura)

靫葛 (canonical)
靫葛 (canonical)
utsubokazura (romanization)

Literally, “quiver vine”, compound of 靫(うつぼ) (utsubo, “quiver”) + 葛(かずら) (kazura, “creeping plant, vine”)

ja-compound

Raffle's pitcher plant, Nepenthes rafflesiana


松葉牡丹

ja-noun

松(まつ)葉(ば)牡(ぼ)丹(たん) or 松葉牡丹(マツバボタン) • (matsubabotan)

松葉牡丹 (canonical)
松葉牡丹 (canonical)
matsubabotan (romanization)

Literally, “pine-needle peony”, compound of 松葉(まつば) (matsuba, “pine needle”) + 牡丹(ぼたん) (botan, “peony”)


鉤葛

ja-noun

鉤(かぎ)葛(かずら) or 鉤葛(カギカズラ) • (kagikazura) ^(←かぎかづら (kagikadura)?)

鉤葛 (canonical)
鉤葛 (canonical)
kagikazura (romanization)
kagikadura (romanization)
かぎかづら (hiragana historical)

Literally, “hook vine”, compound of 鉤(かぎ) (kagi, “hook”) + 葛(かずら) (kazura, “vine, creeper”)


春女郎花

ja-noun

春(はる)女郎花(おみなえし) • (haruominaeshi) ^(←はるをみなえし (farwominaesi)?)

春女郎花 (canonical)
haruominaeshi (romanization)
farwominaesi (romanization)
はるをみなえし (hiragana historical)

Literally, “spring maiden-flower”, compound of 春(はる) (haru, “spring”) + 女郎花(おみなえし) (ominaeshi, “maiden-flower”)

ja-compound

Synonym of 鹿の子草 (kanokosō, “Valeriana fauriei”)


大葉女郎花

ja-noun

大(おお)葉(ば)女郎花(おみなえし) • (ōbaominaeshi) ^(←おほばをみなえし (ofobawominaesi)?)

大葉女郎花 (canonical)
ōbaominaeshi (romanization)
ofobawominaesi (romanization)
おほばをみなえし (hiragana historical)

Literally, “large leafed maiden flower”, compound of 大葉(おおば) (ōba, “large leaf”) + 女郎花(おみなえし) (ominaeshi, “maiden flower”)

ja-compound

丸葉金鈴花 丸葉金鈴花#Japanese

Synonym of 丸葉金鈴花 (marubakinreika, “swollen patrinia, Patrinia gibbosa”)


擬宝珠

擬宝珠 (canonical)
擬宝珠 (canonical)
gibōshi (romanization)

ja:ギボウシ ja:擬宝珠


野茨

野茨 (canonical)
野茨 (canonical)
noibara (romanization)

Rosa multiflora
Rosa multiflora#Translingual


富貴草

ja-noun

富(ふっ)貴(き)草(そう) or 富貴草(フッキソウ) • (fukkisō) ^(←ふっきさう (fukkisau)?)

富貴草 (canonical)
富貴草 (canonical)
fukkisō (romanization)
fukkisau (romanization)
ふっきさう (hiragana historical)

Literally, “riches grass”, compound of 富貴(ふうき) (fūki, “wealth and rank”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”). ふっき (“fukki”) is a contraction of ふうき (“fūki”).


藪蘭

藪蘭 (canonical)
藪蘭 (canonical)
yaburan (romanization)

Literally, “thicket orchid”, compound of 藪(やぶ) (yabu, “grove, thicket”) + 蘭(らん) (ran, “orchid”)


鴎蘭

鴎蘭 (canonical)
鴎蘭 (canonical)
kamomeran (romanization)

Literally, “gull orchid”, compound of 鴎(かもめ) (kamome, “gull”) + 蘭(らん) (ran, “orchid”)


竜舌蘭

ja-noun

竜(りゅう)舌(ぜつ)蘭(らん) or 竜舌蘭(リュウゼツラン) • (ryūzetsuran)

竜舌蘭 (canonical)
竜舌蘭 (canonical)
ryūzetsuran (romanization)

[ɾʲɨːze̞t͡sɨɾã̠ɴ]

Compound of 竜(りゅう) (ryū, “dragon”) + 舌(ぜつ) (zetsu, “tongue”) + 蘭(らん) (ran, “orchid”).


隼人瓜

ja-noun

隼(はや)人(と)瓜(うり) or 隼人瓜(ハヤトウリ) • (hayato uri)

隼人瓜 (canonical)
隼人瓜 (canonical)
hayato uri (romanization)

From 隼人(はやと) (hayato) + 瓜(うり) (uri), alluding to its introduction via Kagoshima.

Sechium edule
Sechium edule#Translingual


合田草

合(ごう)田(だ)草(そう) or 合田草(ゴウダソウ) • (gōdasō)

合田草 (canonical)
合田草 (canonical)
gōdasō (romanization)


蛍撫子

蛍撫子(ほたるなでしこ) or 蛍撫子(ホタルナデシコ) • (hotarunadeshiko)

蛍撫子 (canonical)
蛍撫子 (canonical)
hotarunadeshiko (romanization)

Literally, “firefly pink”, 蛍(ほたる) (hotaru, “firefly”) + 撫子(なでしこ) (nadeshiko, “pink”)


立葵

立葵 (canonical)
立葵 (canonical)
tachiaoi (romanization)

薄紅立葵

薄紅立葵 うすべにたちあおい


牡丹蔓

ja-noun

牡丹蔓(ぼたんづる) or 牡丹蔓(ボタンヅル) • (botanzuru)

牡丹蔓 (canonical)
牡丹蔓 (canonical)
botanzuru (romanization)

Literally, “peony vine”, compound of 牡丹(ぼたん) (botan, “peony”) + 蔓(つる) (tsuru, “vine”). The tsuru changes to zuru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

先島牡丹蔓

先島牡丹蔓 サキシマ　ボタンヅル


風露草

ja-noun

風(ふう)露(ろ)草(そう) or 風露草(フウロソウ) • (fūrosō) ^(←ふうろさう (fuurosau)?)

風露草 (canonical)
風露草 (canonical)
fūrosō (romanization)
fuurosau (romanization)
ふうろさう (hiragana historical)

Literally, “wind and dew plant”, compound of 風露(ふうろ) (fūro, “wind and dew”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”)


蛍葛

ja-noun

蛍(ほたる)葛(かずら) or 蛍葛(ホタルカズラ) • (hotarukazura) ^(←ほたるかづら (fotarukadura)?)

蛍葛 (canonical)
蛍葛 (canonical)
hotarukazura (romanization)
fotarukadura (romanization)
ほたるかづら (hiragana historical)

Literally, “firefly creeper”, compound of 蛍(ほたる) (hotaru, “firefly”) + 葛(かずら) (kazura, “creeper”)


瑠璃虎の尾

ja-noun

瑠(る)璃(り)虎(とら)の尾(お) or 瑠璃虎(ルリトラ)の尾(オ) • (ruri tora no o)

瑠璃虎の尾 (canonical)
瑠璃虎の尾 (canonical)
ruri tora no o (romanization)

Literally, “azure tiger's tail”, compound of 瑠璃(るり) (ruri, “azure”) + 虎(とら)の尾(お) (tora no o, “tiger's tail”)


瑠璃繁縷

ja-noun

瑠(る)璃(り)繁縷(はこべ) or 瑠璃繁縷(ルリハコベ) • (rurihakobe)

瑠璃繁縷 (canonical)
瑠璃繁縷 (canonical)
rurihakobe (romanization)

Literally, “azure chickweed”, compound of 瑠璃(るり) (ruri, “lapis lazuli, azure”) + 繁縷(はこべ) (hakobe, “chickweed”)


南蛮繁縷

ja-noun

南(なん)蛮(ばん)繁縷(はこべ) or 南蛮繁縷(ナンバンハコベ) • (nanban hakobe)

南蛮繁縷 (canonical)
南蛮繁縷 (canonical)
nanban hakobe (romanization)

Literally, “southern barbarian chickweed”, compound of 南蛮(なんばん) (nanban, “southern barbarian”) + 繁縷(はこべ) (hakobe, “chickweed”)


藪苧麻

藪苧麻 (canonical)
藪苧麻 (canonical)
yabu mao (romanization)

Literally, “thicket ramie”, compound of 藪(やぶ) (yabu, “thicket, grove”) + 苧麻(まお) (mao, “ramie”)


藪茗荷

ja-noun

藪(やぶ)茗(みょう)荷(が) or 藪茗荷(ヤブミョウガ) • (yabu myōga)

藪茗荷 (canonical)
藪茗荷 (canonical)
yabu myōga (romanization)

Literally, “thicket myoga”, compound of 藪(やぶ) (yabu, “thicket, grove”) + 茗荷(みょうが) (myōga, “myoga, Japanese ginger”)


藪枯

ja-noun

藪(やぶ)枯(がらし) or 藪枯(ヤブガラシ) • (yabugarashi)

藪枯 (canonical)
藪枯 (canonical)
yabugarashi (romanization)


藪手毬

藪(やぶ)手(で)毬(まり) or 藪手毬(ヤブデマリ) • (yabudemari)

藪手毬 (canonical)
藪手毬 (canonical)
yabudemari (romanization)

Literally, “thicket ball”, compound of 藪(やぶ) (yabu, “thicket, grove”) + 手毬(てまり) (temari, “temari, hand ball”). The temari changes to demari as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


瑠璃溝隠

ja-noun

瑠(る)璃(り)溝(みぞ)隠(かくし) or 瑠璃溝隠(ルリミゾカクシ) • (ruri mizokakushi)

瑠璃溝隠 (canonical)
瑠璃溝隠 (canonical)
ruri mizokakushi (romanization)

Literally, “azure lobelia”, compound of 瑠璃(るり) (ruri, “azure”) + 溝隠(みぞかくし) (mizokakushi, “chinese lobelia”)


溝隠

ja-noun

溝(みぞ)隠(かくし) or 溝隠(ミゾカクシ) • (mizokakushi)

溝隠 (canonical)
溝隠 (canonical)
mizokakushi (romanization)

Literally, “ditch hiding”, 溝(みぞ) (mizo, “ditch”) + 隠(かくし) (kakushi, “hiding”)

ja-compound

瑠璃溝隠

瑠璃溝隠 るりみぞかくし


野芥子

野芥子 (canonical)
野芥子 (canonical)
nogeshi (romanization)

Compound of 野(の) (no) + 芥子(けし) (keshi). The keshi changes to geshi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

2005, Kawahara Katsuyuki, Yasō o taberu [Eating wildflowers], page 35:

Compared to sow thistle, Indian lettuce has paler yellow flowers, and its leaves are not held on stalks.

アキノノゲシはノゲシに比べて花の色が黄白色と淡く、葉に柄があって茎を抱かない。

Akinonogeshi wa nogeshi ni kurabete hana no iro ga ōhakushoku to awaku, ha ni e ga atte kuki o dakanai.

Sonchus oleraceus
Sonchus oleraceus#Translingual


翁草

翁草 (canonical)
翁草 (canonical)
okinagusa (romanization)

Literally, “old man grass”, 翁(おきな) (okina, “old man”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

narrow-leaf pasque-flower, Pulsatilla cernua


柊草

ja-noun

柊(ひいらぎ)草(そう) or 柊草(ヒイラギソウ) • (hīragisō)

柊草 (canonical)
柊草 (canonical)
hīragisō (romanization)

Literally, “holly osmanthus grass”, 柊(ひいらぎ) (hīragi, “holly osmanthus”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass”)


羊蹄

羊蹄 (canonical)
羊蹄 (canonical)
gishigishi (romanization)


犬蓼

犬蓼 (canonical)
犬蓼 (canonical)
inutade (romanization)

Literally, “dog knotweed”, 犬(いぬ) (inu, “dog”) + 蓼(たで) (tade, “knotweed”)

long-bristled smartweed, Persicaria longiseta


山藍

山藍 (canonical)
山藍 (canonical)
yama ai (romanization)

Literally, “mountain indigo”, 山(やま) (yama, “mountain”) + 藍(あい) (ai, “indigo”)

Mercurialis leiocarpa, a species of mercury


末摘花

末摘花 (canonical)
suetsumuhana (romanization)

(archaic) Synonym of 紅花 (benibana, “safflower”)


紅花襤褸菊

ja-noun

紅(べに)花(ばな)襤褸(ぼろ)菊(ぎく) or 紅花襤褸菊(ベニバナボロギく) • (benibanaborogiku)

紅花襤褸菊 (canonical)
紅花襤褸菊 (canonical)
benibanaborogiku (romanization)

Literally, “red flowered rag chrysanthemum”, compound of 紅花(べにばな) (benibana, “red flower”) + 襤褸菊(ぼろぎく) (borogiku, “Literally, “rag chrysanthemum”, Nemosenecio nikoensis”).

ja-compound

redflower ragleaf (Crassocephalum crepidioides)


紫雲英

ja-noun

紫雲英(げんげ) or 紫雲英(ゲンゲ) • (genge)

紫雲英 (canonical)
紫雲英 (canonical)
genge (romanization)


釣鐘人参

釣(つり)鐘(がね)人(にん)参(じん) or 釣鐘人参(ツリガネニンジン) • (tsurigane ninjin)

釣鐘人参 (canonical)
釣鐘人参 (canonical)
tsurigane ninjin (romanization)

Literally, “hanging bell carrot”, 釣鐘(つりがね) (tsurigane, “hanging bell”) + 人参(にんじん) (ninjin, “carrot”)

ja-compound

Japanese lady bell, Adenophora triphylla var. japonica


海蛍

海蛍 (canonical)
海蛍 (canonical)
umihotaru (romanization)

→ English: sea-firefly (calque)

[ɯ̟mʲiho̞ta̠ɾɯ̟]

From 海(うみ) (umi, “sea”) + 蛍(ほたる) (hotaru, “firefly”).

sea-firefly, Vargula hilgendorfii, a small bioluminescent ostracod found in Japan


鎌柄

鎌柄 (canonical)
鎌柄 (canonical)
kamatsuka (romanization)

Literally, “sickle handle”, 鎌(かま) (kama, “sickle”) + 柄(つか) (tsuka, “handle”)

Amaranthus tricolor
Amaranthus tricolor#Translingual

Synonym of 葉鶏頭 (hageitō, “Chinese amaranth, Amaranthus tricolor”)


甘野老

ja-noun

甘(あま)野老(どころ) or 甘野老(アマドコロ) • (amadokoro)

甘野老 (canonical)
甘野老 (canonical)
amadokoro (romanization)

Literally, “sweet wild yam”, compound of 甘(あま) (ama, “sweet”) + 野老(ところ) (tokoro, “wild yam”)

ja-compound

Polygonatum odoratum
Polygonatum odoratum#Translingual

scented Solomon's seal, Polygonatum odoratum, specifically var. pluriflorum


鹿の子草

ja-noun

鹿(か)の子(こ)草(そう) or 鹿(カ)の子草(コソウ) • (kanokosō)

鹿の子草 (canonical)
鹿の子草 (canonical)
kanokosō (romanization)

Literally, “fawn grass”, compound of 鹿(か)の子(こ) (kanoko, “fawn”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”)


マルモット

Borrowed from French marmotte. Doublet of マーモット (māmotto, “marmot”) and モルモット (morumotto, “guinea pig”).


黒慈姑

ja-noun

黒(くろ)慈姑(ぐわい) or 黒慈姑(クログワイ) • (kuroguwai)

黒慈姑 (canonical)
黒慈姑 (canonical)
kuroguwai (romanization)

Literally, “black arrowhead”, 黒(くろ) (kuro, “black”) + 慈姑(くわい) (kuwai, “arrowhead”). The kuwai changes to guwai as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Eleocharis kuroguwai, a kind of spikerush


春竜胆

ja-noun

春(はる)竜胆(りんどう) or 春竜胆(ハルリンドウ) • (harurindō) ^(←はるりんだう (farurindau)?)

春竜胆 (canonical)
春竜胆 (canonical)
harurindō (romanization)
farurindau (romanization)
はるりんだう (hiragana historical)

Literally, “spring gentian”, compound of 春(はる) (haru, “spring”) + 竜胆(りんどう) (rindō, “gentian”)


蔓竜胆

ja-noun

蔓(つる)竜胆(りんどう) or 蔓竜胆(ツルリンドウ) • (tsururindō) ^(←つるりんだう (tururindau)?)

蔓竜胆 (canonical)
蔓竜胆 (canonical)
tsururindō (romanization)
tururindau (romanization)
つるりんだう (hiragana historical)

Literally, “vine gentian”, compound of 蔓(つる) (tsuru, “vine”) + 竜胆(りんどう) (rindō, “gentian”)


コーヒーの木

ja-noun

コーヒーの木(き) or コーヒーの木(キ) • (kōhī no ki)

コーヒーの木 (canonical)
コーヒーの木 (canonical)
kōhī no ki (romanization)


靫草

靫草 (canonical)
靫草 (canonical)
utsubogusa (romanization)

Literally, “quiver grass”, 靫(うつぼ) (utsubo, “quiver”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass, plant”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

common self-heal, Prunella vulgaris subsp. asiatica


鳴子百合

ja-noun

鳴(なる)子(こ)百合(ゆり) or 鳴子百合(ナルコユリ) • (narukoyuri)

鳴子百合 (canonical)
鳴子百合 (canonical)
narukoyuri (romanization)

[na̠ɾɯ̟ko̞jɯ̟ɾʲi]

Literally, “clapper lily”, compound of 鳴子(なるこ) (naruko, “clapper”) + 百合(ゆり) (yuri, “lily”)

ja-compound

Polygonatum falcatum, a species of Solomon's seal


鼠黐

ja-noun

鼠(ねずみ)黐(もち) or 鼠黐(ネズミモチ) • (nezumimochi)

鼠黐 (canonical)
鼠黐 (canonical)
nezumimochi (romanization)

Literally, “mouse holly”, compound of 鼠(ねずみ) (nezumi, “mouse, rat”) + 黐(もち) (mochi, “holly, bird lime”)


蔓黄楊

蔓黄楊 (canonical)
蔓黄楊 (canonical)
tsurutsuge (romanization)

Literally, “vine box”, 蔓(つる) (tsuru, “vine”) + 黄楊(つげ) (tsuge, “box”)


昼顔

ja-noun

昼(ひる)顔(がお) or 昼顔(ヒルガオ) • (hirugao) ^(←ひるがほ (firugafo)?)

昼顔 (canonical)
昼顔 (canonical)
hirugao (romanization)
firugafo (romanization)
ひるがほ (hiragana historical)

[çiɾɯ̟ɡa̠o̞]

Literally, “daytime face”, from 昼(ひる) (hiru, “daytime noon”) + 顔(かお) (kao, “face”). The kao changes to gao as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


苗代苺

ja-noun

苗(なわ)代(しろ)苺(いちご) or 苗代苺(ナワシロイチゴ) • (nawashiro ichigo)

苗代苺 (canonical)
苗代苺 (canonical)
nawashiro ichigo (romanization)

[na̠β̞a̠ɕiɾo̞ it͡ɕiɡo̞]

Literally, “rice nursery strawberry”, 苗代(なわしろ) (nawashiro, “rice nursery bed”) + 苺(いちご) (ichigo, “strawberry”)


瑠璃草

瑠璃草 (canonical)
瑠璃草 (canonical)
rurisō (romanization)

Literally, “azure grass”, 瑠璃(るり) (ruri, “azure”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”)

蝦夷瑠璃草

蝦夷瑠璃草 エゾルリソウ

Synonym of 蛍葛 (hotaru kazura, “Lithospermum zollingeri”)


露草

露草 (canonical)
露草 (canonical)
tsuyukusa (romanization)

Literally, “dew grass”, compound of 露(つゆ) (tsuyu, “dew”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass”)


水葵

ja-noun

水(みず)葵(あおい) or 水葵(ミズアオイ) • (mizuaoi) ^(←みづあふひ (miduafufi)?)

水葵 (canonical)
水葵 (canonical)
mizuaoi (romanization)
miduafufi (romanization)
みづあふひ (hiragana historical)

Literally, “water hollyhock, water mallow”, compound of 水(みず) (mizu, “water”) + 葵(あおい) (aoi, “hollyhock, mallow”).


藪紫

ja-noun

藪(やぶ)紫(むらさき) or 藪紫(ヤブムラサキ) • (yabumurasaki)

藪紫 (canonical)
藪紫 (canonical)
yabumurasaki (romanization)

Callicarpa mollis, species of beautyberry


敦盛草

敦(あつ)盛(もり)草(そう) or 敦盛草(アツモリソウ) • (atsumorisō)

敦盛草 (canonical)
敦盛草 (canonical)
atsumorisō (romanization)

Literally, “Atsumori grass”, compound of 敦盛(あつもり) (Atsumori) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”). Named for Taira no Atsumori.

ja-compound

large-flowered cypripedium, Cypripedium macranthos


薙刀香薷

ja-noun

薙刀(なぎなた)香(こう)薷(じゅ) or 薙刀香薷(ナギナタコウジュ) • (naginata kōju)

薙刀香薷 (canonical)
薙刀香薷 (canonical)
naginata kōju (romanization)

Literally, “naginata balm”, 薙刀(なぎなた) (naginata) + 香薷(こうじゅ) (kōju, “Vietnamese balm”)


馬の鈴草

ja-noun

馬(うま)の鈴(すず)草(くさ) or 馬(ウマ)の鈴草(スズクサ) • (umanosuzukusa)

馬の鈴草 (canonical)
馬の鈴草 (canonical)
umanosuzukusa (romanization)

Literally, “horse bell grass”, 馬(うま)の鈴(すず) (uma no suzu, “horse bell”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass, plant”)


葉鶏頭

ja-noun

葉(は)鶏(げい)頭(とう) or 葉鶏頭(ハゲイトウ) • (hageitō)

葉鶏頭 (canonical)
葉鶏頭 (canonical)
hageitō (romanization)

Literally, “leafy cockscomb”, compound of 葉(は) (ha, “leaf”) + 鶏頭(けいとう) (keitō, “plumed cockscomb, Celosia argentea”)

ja-compound

Chinese amaranth, Amaranthus tricolor subsp. tricolor


塩竈菊

ja-noun

塩(しお)竈(がま)菊(ぎく) or 塩竈菊(シオガマギク) • (shiogamagiku) ^(←しほがまぎく (sifogamagiku)?)

塩竈菊 (canonical)
塩竈菊 (canonical)
shiogamagiku (romanization)
sifogamagiku (romanization)
しほがまぎく (hiragana historical)

Literally, “salt-stove chrysanthemum”, 塩竃(しおがま) (shiogama, “salt stove”) + 菊(きく) (kiku, “chrysanthemum”). The kiku changes to giku as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Pedicularis resupinata subsp. oppositifolia


野路菊

ja-noun

野(の)路(じ)菊(ぎく) or 野路菊(ノジギク) • (nojigiku) ^(←のぢぎく (nodigiku)?)

野路菊 (canonical)
野路菊 (canonical)
nojigiku (romanization)
nodigiku (romanization)
のぢぎく (hiragana historical)

Literally, “field-path chrysanthemum”, compound of 野路(のじ) (noji, “path through the middle of a field”) + 菊(きく) (kiku, “chrysanthemum”). The kiku changes to giku as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

silver chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum japonense


桜蓼

桜蓼 (canonical)
桜蓼 (canonical)
sakuratade (romanization)

Literally, “cherry-knotweed”, compound of 桜(さくら) (sakura, “cherry tree”) + 蓼(たで) (tade, “knotweed, smartweed”)


浜靫

浜靫 (canonical)
浜靫 (canonical)
hamautsubo (romanization)

Literally, “shore quiver”, 浜(はま) (hama, “beach, seashore”) + 靫(うつぼ) (utsubo, “quiver”)

Orobanche coerulescens, species of broomrape


蓬莱竹

ja-noun

蓬(ほう)莱(らい)竹(ちく) or 蓬莱竹(ホウライチク) • (hōraichiku)

蓬莱竹 (canonical)
蓬莱竹 (canonical)
hōraichiku (romanization)

Literally, “Hōrai bamboo”, 蓬莱(ほうらい) (Hōrai) + 竹(ちく) (chiku, “bamboo”)


磯菊

磯菊 (canonical)
磯菊 (canonical)
isogiku (romanization)

Literally, “seashore chrysanthemum”, 磯(いそ) (iso, “rocky seashore”) + 菊(きく) (kiku, “chrysanthemum”). The kiku changes to giku as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

gold and silver chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum pacificum


熊竹蘭

ja-noun

熊(くま)竹(たけ)蘭(らん) or 熊竹蘭(クマタケラン) • (kumatakeran)

熊竹蘭 (canonical)
熊竹蘭 (canonical)
kumatakeran (romanization)


屁糞葛

屁(へ)糞(くそ)葛(かずら) or 屁糞葛(ヘクソカズラ) • (hekusokazura)

屁糞葛 (canonical)
屁糞葛 (canonical)
hekusokazura (romanization)

Literally, “fart and shit vine”, 屁(へ) (he, “fart”) + 糞(くそ) (kuso, “shit”) + 葛(かずら) (kazura, “creeper, vine”)


黒檜

黒檜 (canonical)
黒檜 (canonical)
kurobe (romanization)


沢柴

ja-noun

沢(さわ)柴(しば) or 沢柴(サワシバ) • (sawashiba) ^(←さはしば (safasiba)?)

沢柴 (canonical)
沢柴 (canonical)
sawashiba (romanization)
safasiba (romanization)
さはしば (hiragana historical)

Literally, “swamp brush”, 沢(さわ) (sawa, “swamp”) + 柴(しば) (shiba, “brushwood, firewood”)


猫柳

猫柳 (canonical)
猫柳 (canonical)
nekoyanagi (romanization)

Literally, “cat willow”, 猫(ねこ) (neko, “cat”) + 柳(やなぎ) (yanagi, “willow”)

rosegold pussy willow, Salix gracilistyla


榎草

榎草 (canonical)
榎草 (canonical)
enokigusa (romanization)

Literally, “hackberry grass”, 榎(えのき) (enoki, “hackberry”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


沢鵯

ja-noun

沢(さわ)鵯(ひよどり) or 沢鵯(サワヒヨドリ) • (sawahiyodori) ^(←さはひよどり (safafyodori)?)

沢鵯 (canonical)
沢鵯 (canonical)
sawahiyodori (romanization)
safafyodori (romanization)
さはひよどり (hiragana historical)

Literally, “swamp bulbul”, compound of 沢(さわ) (sawa, “swamp”) + 鵯(ひよどり) (hiyodori, “bulbul”)


鬼百合

鬼百合 (canonical)
鬼百合 (canonical)
oniyuri (romanization)

Literally, “demon lily”, 鬼(おに) (oni, “ghost, demon”) + 百合(ゆり) (yuri, “lily”)


鵯花

ja-noun

鵯(ひよどり)花(ばな) or 鵯花(ヒヨドリバナ) • (hiyodoribana)

鵯花 (canonical)
鵯花 (canonical)
hiyodoribana (romanization)

Literally, “bulbul flower”, compound of 鵯(ひよどり) (hiyodori, “bulbul”) + 花(はな) (hana, “flower”). The hana changes to bana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).