銀杏

ja-noun

銀杏(いちょう) or 銀杏(イチョウ) • (ichō) ^(←いちやう (ityau) or イチヤウ (ityau)?)

銀杏 (canonical)
銀杏 (canonical)
ichō (romanization)
ityau (romanization)
いちやう (hiragana historical)
イチヤウ (hiragana historical)

Edo period
Ginkgo biloba
Muromachi period
historical kana orthography
ja:イチョウ

/it͡ɕijau/ → /it͡ɕjɔː/ → /it͡ɕoː/
Borrowing from Chinese 鴨腳 /鸭脚 (yājiǎo, “ginkgo”) around the Muromachi period.
There is an Edo-period folk etymology that the original derivation was 一葉 (ichiyō, literally “a single leaf”), but from the historical kana usage, 一葉 would be read as いちえふ (ichi-efu) → いてふ (itefu), instead of いちやう (i-chau).
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).

Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba#Translingual

Short for 銀杏頭 (ichō-gashira): an Edo-period hairstyle, with the topknot in the shape of a ginkgo leaf, today usually associated with higher-ranked sumo wrestlers

銀杏頭

a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with a motif of various styles of gingko leaves


銀杏

Attested around the mid-12th century.
Borrowing from Middle Chinese 銀杏 (MC ngin haengX), utilizing the 唐音 (tō'on, “Tang sound”) of 杏 (an), as in 杏子 (anzu, “apricot”).
The an changes to nan as an instance of renjō (連声).


銀杏

ja-noun

銀(ぎん)杏(きょう) • (ginkyō) ^(←ぎんきやう (ginkyau)?)

銀杏 (canonical)
ginkyō (romanization)
ginkyau (romanization)
ぎんきやう (hiragana historical)

→ Translingual: Ginkgo

→ English: ginkgo

[ɡʲĩŋʲkʲo̞ː]

Borrowing from Middle Chinese 銀杏 (MC ngin haengX), utilizing the 慣用音 (kan'yō-on, “Customary sound”) of 杏 (kyō), as in 杏仁 (kyōnin, “apricot seed”).


無花果

無花果(いちじく) • (ichijiku) ^(←いちぢく (itidiku)?)

無花果 (canonical)
ichijiku (romanization)
itidiku (romanization)
いちぢく (hiragana historical)

The kanji spelling 無 (“no”) + 花 (“flower”) + 果 (“fruit”) is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), to denote a tree that bears fruit without flowering. The いちじく (ichijiku) reading is possibly a Japanese corruption of Middle Chinese 映日果 (ʔˠiæŋᴴ ȵiɪt̚ kuɑ^X, “fig”), itself a transcription of Persian انجیر (anjir, “fig”) + 果 (kuɑ^X).

der

ʔˠiæŋᴴ ȵiɪt̚ kuɑ^X


無花果

ja-noun

無(む)花(か)果(か) • (mukaka) ^(←むくわくわ (mukwakwa)?)

無花果 (canonical)
mukaka (romanization)
mukwakwa (romanization)
むくわくわ (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 無花果 (mɨo hˠua kuɑ^X).


茴香

茴(うい)香(きょう) or 茴香(ウイキョウ) • (uikyō) ^(←ういきやう (uikyau)?)

茴香 (canonical)
茴香 (canonical)
uikyō (romanization)
uikyau (romanization)
ういきやう (hiragana historical)

八角茴香

八角茴香 はっかくういきょう


白木耳

白(しろ)木耳(きくらげ) or 白木耳(シロキクラゲ) • (shirokikurage)

白木耳 (canonical)
白木耳 (canonical)
shirokikurage (romanization)

[ɕiɾo̞kʲikɯ̟ɾa̠ɡe̞]

Compound of 白(しろ) (shiro, “white”) + 木耳(きくらげ) (kikurage, “wood ear, Judas-ear fungus”).

ja-compound

Tremella fuciformis
Tremella fuciformis#Translingual

a type of fungi belonging to the Tremellaceae family; Tremella fuciformis, snow fungus.


橄欖

橄欖 (canonical)
橄欖 (canonical)
kanran (romanization)

ja:カンラン (カンラン科)


川柳

ja-pos

川(かわ)柳(やなぎ) • (Kawayanagi) ^(←かはやなぎ (Kafayanagi)?)

川柳 (canonical)
Kawayanagi (romanization)
Kafayanagi (romanization)
かはやなぎ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 川(かわ) (kawa, “river, stream, brook”) + 柳(やなぎ) (yanagi, “willow”).


オニダルマオコゼ

鬼達磨虎魚 鬼達磨虎魚#Japanese


蝌蚪

蝌蚪 (canonical)
kato (romanization)
kwato (romanization)
くわと (hiragana historical)

Synonym of お玉杓子 (otamajakushi, “tadpole”)


小豆

ja-noun

小豆(あずき) or 小豆(アズキ) • (azuki) ^(←あづき (aduki) or アヅキ (aduki)?)

小豆 (canonical)
小豆 (canonical)
azuki (romanization)
aduki (romanization)
あづき (hiragana historical)
アヅキ (hiragana historical)

desc

→ Ainu: アントゥキ

→ Ainu: アントゥキ

→ English: adzuki, azuki

→ Indonesian: azuki

⟨aduki₁⟩ → /adukʲi/ → /ad͡ʑuki/ → /aʑuki/
From Old Japanese. Further derivation unknown.
The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun. The characters literally mean “small bean”.
Appears to be identical to Ainu antuki (“azuki bean”), which may be a borrowing. However, the direction of borrowing is uncertain.

Vigna angularis
Vigna angularis#Translingual


小豆

小豆 (canonical)
Azuki (romanization)
Aduki (romanization)
あづき (hiragana historical)


小豆

小豆 (canonical)
shōzu (romanization)
seudu (romanization)
せうづ (hiragana historical)


母子

Clipping of 母子草 (hahakogusa, “cudweed, Pseudognaphalium affine”).


小鳥

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Utsubo Monogatari

Compound of 小 (ko, “small, little”) + 鳥 (tori, “bird”).
First attested in the Utsubo Monogatari of the late 900s.


烏賊

烏賊 (canonical)
烏賊 (canonical)
ika (romanization)

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ika. First cited to the 播磨風土記 (Satsuma Fudoki) of 715.
Ultimate derivation uncertain. Derivations from within Japanese include:
* Related to 厳めしい (ikameshii, “imposing; offputting”)
* Related to 怒る (ikaru, “to move in a rough or wild fashion”)
Outside of Japanese, compare also Hawaiian iʻa, Maori ika (“fish, marine animal in general”), in turn ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *Sikan (“fish”).
The kanji is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 烏賊 /乌贼 (wūzéi, literally “crow + murderer / thief”). According to the 和名類聚抄 (Wamyō Ruijushō) of 938, the spelling was chosen for the way that certain squid would feign death and float motionless on the surface near shore, and when a crow would come to pick up the "dead" squid, the squid would instead grab the crow and drag it underwater.

obor

Fudoki
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Wamyō Ruijushō
ja:和名類聚抄
ja:播磨国風土記


頭足類

頭足類 (canonical)
tōsokurui (romanization)


卵殻

[ɾã̠ŋka̠kɯ̟]


卵殻

卵殻 (canonical)
tamagogara (romanization)


牧羊犬

ja-noun

牧(ぼく)羊(よう)犬(けん) • (bokuyōken) ^(←ぼくやうけん (bokuyauken)?)

牧羊犬 (canonical)
bokuyōken (romanization)
bokuyauken (romanization)
ぼくやうけん (hiragana historical)

[bo̞kɯ̟jo̞ːkẽ̞ɴ]


牧畜犬

牧畜犬 (canonical)
bokuchikuken (romanization)


雌牛

雌牛に腹突かれる

meushi ni hara tsukareru, literally “gored by a heifer”


ボクサー

ja:ボクサー
ja:ボクサー (スポーツ)
ja:ボクサー (犬)

1988 October 20, Mitsuru Adachi, “第(だい)22(にじゅうに)話(わ) 麻(ま)里(り)亜(あ)の心(こころ) [Chapter 22: Maria’s Heart]”, in スロー(SLOW)ステップ(STEP) [Slow Step], volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 149:

はい はい

はい はい

はい はい


小羊

From 小 (ko, “small”) + 羊 (hitsuji, “sheep”).


不死鳥

不(ふ)死(し)鳥(ちょう) • (fushichō) ^(←ふしてう (fusiteu)?)

不死鳥 (canonical)
fushichō (romanization)
fusiteu (romanization)
ふしてう (hiragana historical)

[ɸɯ̟̊ɕit͡ɕo̞ː]

不死 (fushi, “immortal; undying”) + 鳥 (chō, “bird”)
/husiteu/ → /husityoː/, [ɸuɕitɕoː]


トリュフ

西洋松露

西洋松露 せいようしょうろ


油菜

油菜 (canonical)
油菜 (canonical)
aburana (romanization)

Literally, “oil greens”, 油(あぶら) (abura, “oil”) + 菜(な) (na, “greens”)


ピューマ

ja-noun

ピューマ • (pyūma)


尖圭コンジローマ

尖圭コンジローマ (canonical)
senkei konjirōma (romanization)

genital wart, condyloma, condylomata acuminata


単純ヘルペスウィルス

たんじゅん ヘルペス ウィルス

単(たん)純(じゅん)ヘルペスウィルス • (tanjun herupesu wirusu)

単純ヘルペスウィルス (canonical)
tanjun herupesu wirusu (romanization)


海亀

海亀 (canonical)
海亀 (canonical)
umigame (romanization)

From 海 (umi, “sea”) + 亀 (kame, “turtle”). The kame changes to game as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


グリーンアノール

グリーンアノール • (gurīn'anōru)


雑草

雑(ざっ)草(そう) • (zassō) ^(←ざつさう (zatusau)?)

雑草 (canonical)
zassō (romanization)
zatusau (romanization)
ざつさう (hiragana historical)

庭の雑草を抜く

1991 July 15, Mitsuru Adachi, “虫(むし)は虫(むし)、草(くさ)は草(くさ)の巻(まき) [Insects Are Only Insects, Grasses Are Only Grasses]”, in 虹色とうがらし(ＮＩＪＩ－ＩＲＯ ＴＯＨＧＡＲＡＳＨＩ) [Rainbow-Colored Peppers], volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 48:

害虫も雑草も人間の勝手な都合で分類されたもんだろ。

Gaichū mo zassō mo ningen no katte na tsugō de bunruisareta mon daro.

Putting them into categories like pests or weeds is just one of people’s arbitrary means.

害虫も雑草も人間の勝手な都合で分類されたもんだろ。

害虫も雑草も人間の勝手な都合で分類されたもんだろ。


羽衣

羽衣甘藍

羽衣甘藍 はごろもかんらん

羽衣七宝

羽衣七宝 ハゴロモシッポウ

鼈甲羽衣

鼈甲羽衣 ベッコウハゴロモ

wings of birds or insects; plumage of birds

Synonym of 鋸草 (nokogiri-sō, “Siberian yarrow, Achillea alpina”)


薄荷

薄(はっ)荷(か) or 薄荷(ハッカ) • (hakka) ^(←はくか (fakuka) or ハクカ (fakuka)?)

薄荷 (canonical)
薄荷 (canonical)
hakka (romanization)
fakuka (romanization)
はくか (hiragana historical)
ハクカ (hiragana historical)

Short for 日本薄荷 (Nihon hakka, “Japanese mint”).


蝶類

蝶類 (canonical)
chōrui (romanization)
チョウ類 (alternative)

[t͡ɕo̞ːɾɯ̟i]

butterflies, (taxonomic group of butterflies)


チョウ類

チョウ類 (canonical)
chōrui (romanization)
蝶類 (alternative)

[t͡ɕo̞ːɾɯ̟i]


白鷺

白(しら)鷺(さぎ) or 白鷺(シラサギ) or 白(はく)鷺(ろ) or 白鷺(ハクロ) • (shirasagi or hakuro)

白鷺 (canonical)
白鷺 (canonical)
白鷺 (canonical)
白鷺 (canonical)
shirasagi (romanization)
hakuro (romanization)

白 (shira, “white”) + 鷺 (sagi, “heron; egret”)

compound

egret (any of various wading birds of the genera Egretta or Ardea)


南京

南京 (canonical)
南京 (canonical)
Nankin (romanization)

Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)
ja:南京

Borrowed from English Nanking, from the Nanking court dialect Mandarin 南京 (Nánjīng), from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/.

Nanjing (a major city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China)


生命体

生命体 (canonical)
seimeitai (romanization)

2007 May 12, “エーリアン・ソルジャー [Alien Soldier]”, in TACTICAL(タクティカル) EVOLUTION(エボリューション), Konami:

These advanced Alien soldiers are such perplexing lifeforms. They possess relatively high attack strength for their lack of special abilities.

謎の生命体、エーリアンの上級戦士。比較的高い攻撃力を持つが、反面特殊な能力は身につけていない。

Nazo no seimeitai, Ērian no jōkyū senshi. Hikakuteki takai kōgekiryoku o motsu ga, hanmen tokushu na nōryoku wa mi ni tsukete inai.


ハムスター

From English hamster, from German Hamster.

a hamster (small, short-tailed European rodent)


玳瑁

玳瑁 (canonical)
玳瑁 (canonical)
taimai (romanization)

hawksbill sea turtle
hawksbill sea turtle

Eretmochelys imbricata
Eretmochelys imbricata#Translingual

hawksbill sea turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata


山梨

山梨 (canonical)
山梨 (canonical)
yamanashi (romanization)

Daijirin
Pyrus pyrifolia
Yamanashi
ja:ヤマナシ
ja:山梨

Compound of 山 (yama, “mountain”) + 梨 (nashi, “pear”).

Pyrus pyrifolia
Pyrus pyrifolia#Translingual

Pyrus pyrifolia, especially P. p. var. pyrifolia: nashi pear, sand pear, Asian pear, apple pear


雌鶏

Perhaps from 雌鳥(めんどり) (mendori, “female bird”). See also 鶏(にわとり) (niwatori, “chicken”, literally “garden bird”).


雄鶏

ja-noun

雄(おん)鶏(どり) • (ondori) ^(←をんどり (wondori)?)

雄鶏 (canonical)
ondori (romanization)
wondori (romanization)
をんどり (hiragana historical)

Perhaps from 雄鳥 (“male bird”). See also 鶏 (“chicken”, literally “garden bird”).

a rooster (male chicken; male gallinaceous bird)


ヤツメウナギ

ヤツメウナギ (canonical)
やつめうなぎ (canonical)
yatsumeunagi (romanization)


馬酔木

馬酔木(あせび) or 馬酔木(アセビ) • (asebi)

馬酔木 (canonical)
ashibi (romanization)
馬酔木 (canonical)
ashimi (romanization)
馬酔木 (canonical)
asemi (romanization)
馬酔木 (canonical)
asemo (romanization)
馬酔木 (canonical)
asebo (romanization)
馬酔木 (canonical)
asebu (romanization)
馬酔木 (canonical)
馬酔木 (canonical)
asebi (romanization)

The original kun'yomi pronunciation of this word was ashibi, now considered a variant reading.
The leaves of the plant were known to intoxicate horses when eaten, causing horses to stumble and become weak in the legs. As such, this word is most likely a contraction of 足癈 (ashijihi, “numbness in the feet/legs”).
The kanji means literally "horse intoxicating tree".

Pieris japonica
Pieris japonica#Translingual

Pieris japonica: Japanese andromeda, a flowering shrub native to Japan


馬酔木

馬酔木 (canonical)
basuiboku (romanization)


灌木

灌(かん)木(ぼく) • (kanboku) ^(←くわんぼく (kwanboku)?)

灌木 (canonical)
kanboku (romanization)
kwanboku (romanization)
くわんぼく (hiragana historical)


槐樹

Styphnolobium japonicum
Styphnolobium japonicum#Translingual


禁断の木の実

禁(きん)断(だん)の木(こ)の実(み) • (kindan no konomi)

禁断の木の実 (canonical)
kindan no konomi (romanization)

From 禁断 (kindan, “forbidden”) + の (no, attributive particle) + 木の実 (konomi, “fruit”).

af

禁断の果実 禁断の果実#Japanese

(biblical) Synonym of 禁断の果実 (kindan no kajitsu, “forbidden fruit”)


一頭

From 一(いち) (ichi, “one”) + 頭(とう) (tō, “counter for large animals”).


万作

万作 (canonical)
万作 (canonical)
mansaku (romanization)

witch hazel; Hamamelis mollis; Hamamelis japonica


梧桐

梧桐 (canonical)
梧桐 (canonical)
aogiri (romanization)

[a̠o̞ɡʲiɾʲi]


梧桐

梧桐 (canonical)
梧桐 (canonical)
gotō (romanization)


満作

満作 (canonical)
満作 (canonical)
mansaku (romanization)


木瓜

木瓜 (canonical)
木瓜 (canonical)
boke (romanization)
もけ (alternative hiragana)
moke (Rōmaji)
ぼっか (alternative hiragana)
bokka (Rōmaji)
ぼくくわ (hiragana historical)


木瓜

木瓜 (canonical)
mokka (romanization)
mokukwa (romanization)
もくくわ (hiragana historical)

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

Pseudocydonia sinensis
Pseudocydonia sinensis#Translingual

(traditional Chinese medicine) fruit of Chaenomeles speciosa or Pseudocydonia sinensis


木瓜

木瓜 (canonical)
mokkō (romanization)
mokukau (romanization)
もこう (alternative hiragana)
mokō (Rōmaji)
もかう (hiragana historical)
もくかう (hiragana historical)


甘薯

Alternative form of 甘藷 (“sweet potato”).


唐辛子

ja-noun

唐(とう)辛(がら)子(し) or 唐辛子(トウガラシ) • (tōgarashi)

唐辛子 (canonical)
唐辛子 (canonical)
tōgarashi (romanization)

[to̞ːɡa̠ɾa̠ɕi]

七味唐辛子

七味唐辛子 しちみとうがらし


何首烏

Dioscorea bulbifera
Dioscorea bulbifera#Translingual

Clipping of 何首烏芋 (kashuuimo). (Dioscorea bulbifera)


常山

常(じょう)山(ざん) or 常山(ジョウザン) • (jōzan) ^(←じゃうざん (zyauzan)?)

常山 (canonical)
常山 (canonical)
jōzan (romanization)
zyauzan (romanization)
じゃうざん (hiragana historical)

(traditional Chinese medicine) roots of Dichroa febrifuga


オムレツ

[o̞mɯ̟ɾe̞t͡sɨ]

omelette (usually folded in half with or without stuffing).


甜菜

甜(てん)菜(さい) • (tensai) ^(←てんさい (tensai)?)

甜菜 (canonical)
tensai (romanization)
てんさい (hiragana historical)


砂糖大根

砂(さ)糖(とう)大(だい)根(こん) or 砂糖大根(サトウダイコン) • (satō daikon) ^(←さたうだいこん (satau daikon)?)

砂糖大根 (canonical)
砂糖大根 (canonical)
satō daikon (romanization)
satau daikon (romanization)
さたうだいこん (hiragana historical)


シュレーディンガーの猫

^シュレーディンガー の ねこ

シュレーディンガーの猫 (canonical)
Shurēdingā no neko (romanization)

シュレーディンガー (Shurēdingā, from German Schrödinger) + の (no, “’s”) + 猫 (neko, “cat”), calque of German Schrödingers Katze

af

from German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Schrödinger</i>

(physics, quantum mechanics) Schrödinger's cat

ja:シュレーディンガーの猫


胡麻

胡麻 (canonical)
胡麻 (canonical)
goma (romanization)

Sesamum indicum
Sesamum indicum#Translingual

sesame (Sesamum indicum), both plant and seeds


鴛鴦

ja-noun

鴛鴦(おしどり) or 鴛鴦(オシドリ) • (oshidori) ^(←をしどり (wosidori) or ヲシドリ (wosidori)?)

鴛鴦 (canonical)
鴛鴦 (canonical)
oshidori (romanization)
wosidori (romanization)
をしどり (hiragana historical)
ヲシドリ (hiragana historical)

Man'yōshū
Mandarin duck
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:鴛鴦

From Old Japanese. First cited to the Man'yōshū of 759.
Compound of 鴛鴦 (oshi, “mandarin duck”) + 鳥 (tori, “bird”). The tori changes to dori as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

com

a topknot or bun hairstyle wherein the hair is bunched on each side in a shape vaguely resembling two mandarin ducks


源氏

From 源 (gen, on-reading of minamoto, literally “fountainhead, source”) + 氏 (-shi, “family”).

suffix

(poetry) Short for 源氏行 (Genji-kō, “a form of 連歌 (renga, “linked verse”) where sixty verses are written on a piece of paper folded in three”).

源氏行

Short for 源氏香 (Genji-kō, “an incense-comparing game, with five sorts of incense”).

源氏香

(painting) Short for 源氏絵 (Genji-e, “paintings based on the events of the Tale of Genji; paintings depicting the Heian era in general”).

源氏絵

Short for 源氏織り (Genji-ori, “a type of fabric woven with intermittently gold wrapped thread, woven in Kyoto in the Edo period”).


源氏

Short for 源氏物語 (Genji Monogatari): The Tale of Genji, a novel by Murasaki Shikibu

源氏物語

Short for 光源氏 (Hikaru Genji): the titular protagonist of the novel


青蛙

青蛙 (canonical)
青蛙 (canonical)
aogaeru (romanization)

general term for frogs in the family Rhacophoridae


紫檀

紫檀 (canonical)
紫檀 (canonical)
shitan (romanization)

rosewood, general term for red-hued hardwoods in genus Dalbergia


尻尾

尻尾 (canonical)
shippo (romanization)
本 (counter)

1999 February 4, “ドレイク [Drake]”, in Vol.1, Konami:

A bird with a long tail which it uses to attack in the air.

しっぽが長い鳥。そのしっぽで空中から攻撃する。

Shippo ga nagai tori. Sono shippo de kūchū kara kōgeki suru.

1999 March 1, “ナイトメア・スコーピオン [Nightmare Scorpion]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:

It will stab you in your worst nightmare with its four poisonous tails.

悪夢を見せ、うなされている間に四本もある毒のしっぽを刺す。

Akumu o mise, unasareteiru aida ni yonhon mo aru doku no shippo o sasu.

2000 April 20, “ウィップテイル・ガーゴイル [Whiptail Gargoyle]”, in Magic Ruler －魔法の支配者－, Konami:

He strikes down from the air with his long whip-like tail.

ムチのように長いしっぽを使い、空中から襲いかかってくる。

Muchi no yō ni nagai shippo o tsukai, kūchū kara osoikakattekuru.

2000 July 13, “ツインテール [Twin-Tail]”, in Pharaoh’s Servant －ファラオのしもべ－, Konami:

An aquatic creature that attacks by brandishing its two whip-like tails.

ムチのようなしっぽ２本を振り回し攻撃する、水中生物。

Muchi no yō na shippo ni-hon o furimawashi kōgeki suru, suichū seibutsu.


尻尾

尻尾 (canonical)
shirio (romanization)
siriwo (romanization)
しりを (hiragana historical)

Compound of 尻 (shiri, “butt”) + 尾 (o, “tail”).


松茸

松茸 (canonical)
松茸 (canonical)
matsutake (romanization)

English: matsutake, himematsutake

Compound of 松(まつ) (matsu, “pine”) + 茸(たけ) (take, “mushroom”), as it grows under trees (particularly, but not exclusively, pine trees).


玄米

発芽玄米

発芽玄米 はつがげんまい


榎茸

ja-noun

榎(えのき)茸(たけ) or 榎茸(えのきだけ) • (enokitake or enokidake)

榎茸 (canonical)
榎茸 (canonical)
enokitake (romanization)
enokidake (romanization)

Compound of 榎 (enoki, “Chinese hackberry tree”) + 茸 (take, “mushroom”), as this mushroom can often be found growing on the Chinese hackberry tree.

compound

an edible mushroom, the velvet shank or enokitake: Flammulina velutipes


沢蘭

ja-noun

沢(さわ)蘭(あららぎ) • (sawa araragi) ^(←さはあららぎ (safaararagi)?)

沢蘭 (canonical)
sawa araragi (romanization)
safaararagi (romanization)
さはあららぎ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 沢(さわ) (sawa, “marsh, swamp”) + 蘭(あららぎ) (araragi, “Allium macrostemon”).

ja-compound

澤蘭 陶隠居云、澤蘭、佐波阿良良歧, 一云、阿加末久佐

(archaic) Synonym of 沢鵯 (sawa hiyodori): Eupatorium lindleyanum; a plant of the Asteraceae family


納豆菌

納豆菌 (canonical)
nattō kin (romanization)

From 納豆(なっとう) (nattō, “natto, fermented soybeans”) + 菌(きん) (kin, “fungus, bacteria”).

Bacillus subtilis subsp. natto, the bacteria used to make natto.


岬馬

岬馬 (canonical)
misakiuma (romanization)
御崎馬 (alternative)


慈姑

ja-noun

慈姑(くわい) or 慈姑(クワイ) • (kuwai) ^(←くわゐ (kwawi)?)

慈姑 (canonical)
慈姑 (canonical)
kuwai (romanization)
kwawi (romanization)
くわゐ (hiragana historical)

Unknown. One theory suggests that this is an alteration from 川芋 (kawa imo, “river tuber”), but the old kana spelling of くわゐ (kuwawi) for 慈姑 does not match the old kana spelling of かはうも (kafaumo) for 川芋. This is more likely a compound of 鍬 (kuwa, “plow”), from the shape of the leaves, plus an unknown element ゐ (wi).
The kanji are an orthographic borrowing from Chinese name for this plant.

arrowhead, Sagittaria trifolia var. edulis, cultivated since ancient times for its edible bulb


稲荷

/inanari/ → /inari/
Originally a compound of 稲 (ina, “rice plant”) + 生り (nari), the stem form of verb 生る (naru, “to fruit, to go to seed”).
The 荷 character is ateji, in reference to "bearing".

Short for 稲荷鮨 (inari-zushi, “simmered deep fried tofu pockets filled with vinegared rice”).


稲荷

稲荷大神: God Inari

稲荷大神 いなりおおかみ

稲荷神社

稲荷神社 いなりじんじゃ

a shrine dedicated to the god Inari, usually with a statue of a fox in front

稲荷講: an Inari shrine association in Kyōto

(Japanese mythology): god of harvests, fertility, rice, agriculture, foxes, industry, and worldly success

the name of various towns and stations around Japan


竜胆

竜胆 (canonical)
rindō (romanization)
rindau (romanization)
りんだう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 龍膽 (MC ljowng tamX). Metathesis with rendaku of the expected character reading, from りうたん *riutan (> modern りゅうたん *ryūtan) to りんだう rindau (> modern りんどう rindō).

大葉竜胆

大葉竜胆 おおばりんどう

当薬竜胆

当薬竜胆 とうやくりんどう

深山竜胆

深山竜胆 みやまりんどう

武佐竜胆

武佐竜胆 むしゃりんどう

a perennial herb of the family Gentianaceae, Gentiana scabra var. buergeri

(loosely) any plant of the genus Gentiana or other closely related species: gentian


竜胆

竜(りゅう)胆(たん) • (ryūtan) ^(←りうたん (riutan)?)

竜胆 (canonical)
ryūtan (romanization)
riutan (romanization)
りうたん (hiragana historical)

(traditional Chinese medicine) rhizome of Gentiana scabra var. buergeri


虎杖

虎杖 (canonical)
虎杖 (canonical)
itadori (romanization)

Uncertain. One explanation is that it is a blend of 痛(いた)み (itami, “pain”) + 取(と)り (tori, “removal”); alluding to the plant's medicinal value. The tori changes to dori as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The kanji is an instance of jukujikun (熟字訓).

ja-blend

Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica, syn. Polygonum cuspidatum)


牛膝

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried root of Achyranthes japonica used as medicine


半夏

Clipping of 半夏生 (hangeshou, “the 11th day after the summer solstice and end of the rice planting season”).


天南星

天南星 (canonical)
tennanshō (romanization)

Jack-in-the-pulpit, a general term for plants of genus Arisaema

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried rhizomes of Arisaema


桔梗

ja-noun

桔(き)梗(きょう) or 桔梗(キキョウ) • (kikyō) ^(←ききやう (kikyau)?)

桔梗 (canonical)
桔梗 (canonical)
kikyō (romanization)
kikyau (romanization)
ききやう (hiragana historical)

/kikjau/ → /kikjɔː/ → /kikjoː/
From Middle Chinese 桔梗 (ket̚ kˠæŋ^X). Compare modern Cantonese reading git³ gang².

千島桔梗

千島桔梗 チシマギキョウ

Platycodon grandiflorus
Platycodon grandiflorus#Translingual

platycodon or Chinese bellflower, Platycodon grandiflorus


鹿茸

(traditional Chinese medicine) velvet antler, used in medicine


杜仲

杜(と)仲(ちゅう) or 杜仲(トチュウ) • (tochū)

杜仲 (canonical)
杜仲 (canonical)
tochū (romanization)

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried bark of Eucommia ulmoides


石斛

石斛 (canonical)
石斛 (canonical)
sekkoku (romanization)

Dendrobium moniliforme, a species of orchid

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried Dendrobium moniliforme used in medicine


山茱萸

山茱萸 (canonical)
山茱萸 (canonical)
sanshuyu (romanization)


丹参

丹参 (canonical)
丹参 (canonical)
tanjin (romanization)


木香

(in saké) the aroma imparted by the sake barrel


木香

木(もっ)香(こう) or 木香(モッコウ) • (mokkō)

木香 (canonical)
木香 (canonical)
mokkō (romanization)

costus, Dolomiaea costus, syn. Saussurea lappa

(traditional Chinese medicine) costus roots


延胡索

蝦夷延胡索

蝦夷延胡索 エゾエンゴサク

乙女延胡索

乙女延胡索 オトメエンゴサク

山延胡索

山延胡索 ヤマエンゴサク

(traditional Chinese medicine) rhizomes of plants of genus Corydalis used in medicine


独活

独活 (canonical)
独活 (canonical)
udo (romanization)


独活

独(どっ)活(かつ) • (dokkatsu) ^(←どくくわつ (dokukwatu)?)

独活 (canonical)
dokkatsu (romanization)
dokukwatu (romanization)
どくくわつ (hiragana historical)

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried root of Japanese spikenard used in medicine


独活

独活 (canonical)
tsuchitara (romanization)


姜黄

姜(きょう)黄(おう) or 姜黄(キョウオウ) • (kyōō) ^(←きやうわう (kyauwau)?)

姜黄 (canonical)
姜黄 (canonical)
kyōō (romanization)
kyauwau (romanization)
きやうわう (hiragana historical)

(traditional Chinese medicine) rhizome of Curcuma aromatica used in medicine


香薷

香薷 (canonical)
kōju (romanization)
kauzyu (romanization)
かうじゅ (hiragana historical)

薙刀香薷

薙刀香薷 なぎなたこうじゅ

Synonym of 薙刀香薷 (naginata kōju, “Vietnamese balm, Elsholtzia ciliata”)

薙刀香薷

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried Vietnamese balm flower stems


白芷

白芷 (canonical)
白芷 (canonical)
byakushi (romanization)

Angelica dahurica
Angelica dahurica#Translingual

(traditional Chinese medicine) root of Angelica dahurica used in traditional Chinese medicine


柴胡

白山柴胡

白山柴胡 はくさんさいこ


苦参

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried roots of Sophora flavescens


木通

Synonym of 木通 (akebi, “chocolate vine, Akebia quinata”)

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried chocolate vine wood used in medicine


夏枯草

(archaic) Synonym of 靫草 (utsubogusa, “common self-heal, Prunella vulgaris subsp. asiatica”)


蒲公英

蒲公英(たんぽぽ) or 蒲公英(タンポポ) • (tanpopo)

蒲公英 (canonical)
蒲公英 (canonical)
tanpopo (romanization)

dandelion (plant, wild flower of the genus Taraxacum)


射干

From Middle Chinese 射干 (MC yaeH kan), from Sanskrit सृगाल (sṛgāla, “jackal”).
Doublet of ジャッカル (jakkaru, “jackal”), via English jackal, Turkish çakal and Persian شغال (šağâl).

(theater) a Noh mask with the visage of the Chinese fox spirit

Iris domestica
Iris domestica#Translingual

Synonym of 檜扇 (hiōgi): blackberry lily (Iris domestica)


射干

Alternative spelling of 檜扇 (hiōgi, “blackberry lily, Iris domestica”)


紫草

紫草 (canonical)
murasakisō (romanization)

Synonym of 紫 (murasaki, “purple or red-root gromwell, Lithospermum erythrorhizon”)


大黄

大(だい)黄(おう) or 大黄(ダイオウ) • (daiō)

大黄 (canonical)
大黄 (canonical)
daiō (romanization)


甘遂

(archaic) Synonym of 夏灯台 (natsutōdai, “Siebold's spurge, Euphorbia sieboldiana”)

夏灯台

(traditional Chinese medicine) root of Euphorbia sieboldiana used in medicine


牽牛子

(traditional Chinese medicine) morning glory seeds, used in medicine

Synonym of 朝顔 (asagao, “morning glory, Ipomoea”)


芫花

芫花 (canonical)
genka (romanization)
genkwa (romanization)
げんくわ (hiragana historical)

Daphne genkwa
Daphne genkwa#Translingual

Synonym of 藤擬き (fuji-medoki, “lilac daphne, Daphne genkwa”)


肉桂

肉(にっ)桂(けい) or 肉桂(ニッケイ) • (nikkei) ^(←にくけい (nikukei)?)

肉桂 (canonical)
肉桂 (canonical)
nikkei (romanization)
nikukei (romanization)
にくけい (hiragana historical)

cinnamon, a general term for trees of genus Cinnamomum


使君子

使(し)君(くん)子(し) or 使君子(シクンシ) • (shikunshi)

使君子 (canonical)
使君子 (canonical)
shikunshi (romanization)

Combretum indicum
Combretum indicum#Translingual

(traditional Chinese medicine) fruit of Combretum indicum used in medicine


穿山甲

穿(せん)山(ざん)甲(こう) or 穿山甲(センザンコウ) • (senzankō) ^(←せんざんかふ (senzankafu) or センザンカフ (senzankafu)?)

穿山甲 (canonical)
穿山甲 (canonical)
senzankō (romanization)
senzankafu (romanization)
せんざんかふ (hiragana historical)
センザンカフ (hiragana historical)

[sẽ̞nd͡zã̠ŋko̞ː]


脊黄青鸚哥

脊(せ)黄(き)青(せい)鸚(いん)哥(こ) or 脊黄青鸚哥(セキセイインコ) • (sekisei inko)

脊黄青鸚哥 (canonical)
脊黄青鸚哥 (canonical)
sekisei inko (romanization)


ポヂュギース・ウォーター・ドッグ

ポヂュギース・ウォーター・ドッグ • (pojugīsu wōtā doggu)

Portuguese Water Dog
Portuguese Water Dog

ja:ポヂュギース・ウォーター・ドッグ


マスティフ

masutifu (romanization)
マスチフ (alternative)


マスチフ

masuchifu (romanization)
マスティフ (alternative)


グレート・デーン

グレート・デーン • (gurēto dēn)


クーヴァーズ

クーヴァーズ • (kūvāzu)


ハンガリアン・クーヴァーズ

ハンガリアン・クーヴァーズ

ハンガリアン・クーヴァーズ • (hangarian kūvāzu)

bor

はんがりあんくうヴぁあず


アラスカン・マラミュート

ja:アラスカン・マラミュート


石菖

ja-noun

石(せき)菖(しょう) or 石菖(セキショウ) • (sekishō)

石菖 (canonical)
石菖 (canonical)
sekishō (romanization)

笄石菖

笄石菖 コウガイゼキショウ

花火石菖

花火石菖 ハナビゼキショウ


芙蓉

芙(ふ)蓉(よう) or 芙蓉(フヨウ) • (fuyō) ^(←ふよう (fuyou)?)

芙蓉 (canonical)
芙蓉 (canonical)
fuyō (romanization)
fuyou (romanization)
ふよう (hiragana historical)

Hibiscus mutabilis
Hibiscus mutabilis#Translingual


アイスプラント

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, an edible prostrate succulent plant, the common ice plant, crystalline iceplant, or ice plant.


高良姜

高(こう)良(りょう)姜(きょう) or 高良姜(コウリョウキョウ) • (kōryōkyō)

高良姜 (canonical)
高良姜 (canonical)
kōryōkyō (romanization)

Alpinia officinarum
Alpinia officinarum#Translingual


菫草

菫草 (canonical)
sumiregusa (romanization)

Compound of 菫(すみれ) (sumire, “violet”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Synonym of 菫 (sumire, “Viola mandshurica, a species of violet”)


翡翠

The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 翡翠 (fěicuì).

Alcedo atthis
Alcedo atthis#Translingual

Alternative spelling of 川蝉 (kawsemi, “common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis”)


百部

百部 (canonical)
百部 (canonical)
byakubu (romanization)

(traditional Chinese medicine) root of Stemona japonica used in medicine


胡桃

胡桃 (canonical)
胡桃 (canonical)
kurumi (romanization)


淫羊藿

淫羊藿 (canonical)
in'yōkaku (romanization)

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried stem and leaves of plants of genus Epimedium


茉莉

茉莉 (canonical)
茉莉 (canonical)
matsuri (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 茉莉 (MC mat lej), from Sanskrit मालती (mālatī) or मल्लिका (mallikā).

(more generally) any plant of the genus Jasminum


茉莉

茉莉 (canonical)
茉莉 (canonical)
Mari (romanization)

Borrowed from English Mary. The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).


茉莉

ja-pos

茉莉(まりい) or 茉莉(マリー) • (Marī)

茉莉 (canonical)
茉莉 (canonical)
Marī (romanization)

Borrowed from English Marie. The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).


茉莉

茉莉(じゃすみん) or 茉莉(ジャスミン) or 茉莉(じゃずみん) or 茉莉(ジャズミン) • (Jasumin or Jazumin)

茉莉 (canonical)
茉莉 (canonical)
茉莉 (canonical)
茉莉 (canonical)
Jasumin (romanization)
Jazumin (romanization)

[d͡ʑa̠sɨmʲĩɴ]

[d͡ʑa̠zɨmʲĩɴ]

Borrowed from English Jasmine. The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).


紫陽花

ja-noun

紫陽花(あじさい) or 紫陽花(アジサイ) • (ajisai) ^(←あぢさゐ (adisawi) or アヂサヰ (adisawi)?)

紫陽花 (canonical)
紫陽花 (canonical)
ajisai (romanization)
adisawi (romanization)
あぢさゐ (hiragana historical)
アヂサヰ (hiragana historical)

Hydrangea macrophylla
Man'yōshū
Tōkyō
Wamyō Ruijushō
ja:アジサイ
man'yōgana

/adisawi/ → /ad͡ʑisai/
From Old Japanese. Recorded in the Man'yōshū of c. 759 CE with the phonetic man'yōgana spellings 味狭藍 (adisawi) and 安治佐為 (adisawi), and in the Wamyō Ruijushō dictionary of 938 CE with the phonetic spelling 阿豆佐為 (adusawi, atusawi).
Ultimate derivation unknown. Some sources suggest that this comes from 集真藍 (adi sa-awi, literally “gathering + pure indigo”). However, this is problematic phonetically, as there is no evidence for any classical or ancient verb 集 (adu, modern azu) that would conjugate to adi (modern aji). The closest with this meaning would be 厚 (atsu), stem of the adjective 厚い (atsui, “thick; packed together”) and root of the classical verb 集む (atsumu, “to gather together”), modern 集める (atsumeru, transitive) and 集まる (atsumaru, intransitive), and this atu (modern atsu) never showed signs of voicing to adu (modern azu), let alone shifting the final vowel from -u to -i. This theory is also problematic semantically, as the hydrangea's color range never includes colors as dark as pure indigo.
Alternatively, the initial adi may be from 味 (ancient adi, modern aji; literally “flavor”), also used as an adjective referring to something good, preferable, or favorable. The sawi may be from -s- as an ancient possessive infix (see also 春雨 (harusame, “spring rain”), 真っ青 (massao, “pure blue, really blue”), 荒稲 (arashine, “unhulled rice”)) and awi from 藍 (ancient awi, modern ai; “indigo”, also used in some contexts to simply mean “blue”).
The spelling is borrowed from Chinese 紫陽花 /紫阳花 (zǐyánghuā), literally meaning “purple sun flower”, and is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

下野や籬にまじる紫陽花の四葩に見れば八重にこそ咲け

1310, Fuboku Wakashō (book 9, poem 3355)

The meadowsweet, when it looks on the four blooms of hydrangea which mingle with the rough-woven fence, it blooms in eightfold

shimotsuke ya magaki ni majiru ajisai no yohira ni mireba yae ni koso sake

bigleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla)


若布

若布 (canonical)
若布 (canonical)
wakame (romanization)

Thought to derive from 若(わか) (waka, “young, youth”) + 海布(め) (me, “edible seaweed”). Attested in the Man'yōshū of 759 as 和可米(わかめ) (wakame).

ja-compound

wakame, Undaria pinnatifida, a species of edible seaweed


蝗虫

ja-noun

蝗(こう)虫(ちゅう) • (kōchū)

By surface analysis, 蝗 (kō, “locust”) + 虫 (chū, “insect”).


大蛇

大蛇 (canonical)
orochi (romanization)
woroti (romanization)
をろち (hiragana historical)

/woro₂ti/ → */worəti/ → /woroti/ → /orotɕi/
Possibly from 尾ろ (woro₂, “tail”) + 霊 (chi, “spirit”). The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓).

虵 [...] 一名久知奈波、日本紀私記云、虵、乎路知 [...] 毒虫也 [...]

938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 8, page 55:

Serpent … One name is kuchinawa, the Nihongi Private Records call it serpent, orochi…. It is a venomous creature …


舎利

Borrowed from Literary Chinese 舍利, from Sanskrit शरीर (śarīra, “body”).


甜瓜

Variant form of 真桑瓜. The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), derived from the Chinese name for melons.


山猫

山猫 (canonical)
山猫 (canonical)
yamaneko (romanization)

2007 October 20, Izawa, Hiroshi with Yamada, Kotaro, “最(さい)終(しゅう)話(わ) それぞれの道(みち)へ [Final Chapter: Epilog]”, in ファイアーエムブレム 覇者の剣 [Fire Emblem: Sword of Champions], Jump Remix edition, volume 5 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 350:

リキアの山猫チャド

Felis silvestris
Felis silvestris#Translingual

ja:ヤマネコ
ja:ヤマネコ (種)


油桃

油桃 (canonical)
油桃 (canonical)
aburamomo (romanization)


杏子

杏子 (canonical)
杏子 (canonical)
anzu (romanization)

→ Translingual: ansu

From a dialect of Chinese 杏子 (xìngzi), compare Cantonese 杏子 (hang⁶ zi²).

Prunus armeniaca
Prunus armeniaca#Translingual

an apricot, especially the Armenian plum, Prunus armeniaca


霊芝

Ganoderma lucidum
Ganoderma lucidum#Translingual

Ganoderma lucidum, lingzhi, reishi, a type of mushroom


羽衣甘藍

ja-noun

羽(は)衣(ごろも)甘(かん)藍(らん) • (hagoromo kanran)

羽衣甘藍 (canonical)
hagoromo kanran (romanization)

Literally, “feather cloak cabbage”, 羽衣(はごろも) (hagoromo, “feather cloak”) + 甘藍(かんらん) (kanran, “cabbage”)

ja-compound

Brassica oleracea var. acephala#Translingual

Synonym of ケール (“kale, Brassica oleracea var. acephala”)


酸模

Rumex acetosa
Rumex acetosa#Translingual

Synonym of 酸葉 (suiba, “common sorrel, Rumex acetosa”)


鈴虫

鈴虫 (canonical)
鈴虫 (canonical)
suzumushi (romanization)


香豌豆

ja-noun

香(かおり)豌(えん)豆(どう) or 香豌豆(カオリエンドウ) • (kaoriendō)

香豌豆 (canonical)
香豌豆 (canonical)
kaoriendō (romanization)


豌豆

麝香豌豆

麝香豌豆 じゃこうえんどう


ヤク

Borrowed from English yak, from Tibetan གཡག (g.yag) . Doublet of 羊 (yō).


栗鼠

栗鼠 (canonical)
栗鼠 (canonical)
risu (romanization)

/ritu so/ → /risːo/ → /risːə/ → /risu/
Shift from Middle Chinese-derived compound 栗鼠 (MC lit syoX, literally “chestnut + mouse, rat”).

ltc-l

c. 2012, “パンツにリスがいるんだよ [S.I.M.P. (Squirrels In My Pants)]”:

That girl's got some serious squirrels in her pants.

パンツに凄いリスがいるんだってさ

パンツに凄いリスがいるんだってさ

Short for 日本栗鼠 (Nihon risu): the Japanese squirrel (Sciurus lis)


栗鼠

栗鼠 (canonical)
kurinezumi (romanization)

Compound of 栗(くり) (kuri, “chestnut”) + 鼠(ねずみ) (nezumi, “mouse, rat”).

ja-compound

Synonym of 栗鼠 (risu, “squirrel, a rodent of family Sciuridae”)

栗鼠

Short for 栗鼠色 (kurinezumi-iro): a brownish colour, as of a squirrel's fur


スイートピー

ja-noun

スイートピー • (suītopī)


風車

風車 (canonical)
kazaguruma (romanization)

[ka̠za̠ɡɯ̟ɾɯ̟ma̠]

Clematis patens
Pinwheel (toy)
ja:カザグルマ
ja:風車 (将棋)

Compound of 風 (kaza, “wind”, the older combining form) + 車 (kuruma, “wheel”). The kuruma changes to guruma as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

com

a kind of clematis flower, the Clematis patens


糯米

glutinous rice, a variety of Oryza sativa low in amylose


マンゴスチン

[mã̠ŋɡo̞sɨ̥t͡ɕĩɴ]

Borrowed from English mangosteen. First cited to a work from 1920-1921.


紫蘇

紫蘇 (canonical)
紫蘇 (canonical)
shiso (romanization)

紫(し) (shi, “purple”) + 蘇(そ) (so, “perilla”)

ja-compound

荏胡麻

perilla, Perilla frutescens var. frutescens


八橋

八橋 (canonical)
yatsuhashi (romanization)

Literally, “eight bridges”
The name of the cracker is thought to either derive from the shape, resembling a koto in memory of Yatsuhashi Kengyō, an early-Edo period musician who started the modern tradition of koto music; or from the location where it was first prepared, which was close to Mikawa-no-kuni Yatsuhashi, an area in modern-day Chiba Prefecture.

Synonym of 一初 (ichihatsu, “roof iris, Iris tectorum”)


エリンギ

From Italian eryngi (“Pleurotus eryngii”).

Pleurotus eryngii
Pleurotus eryngii#Translingual


ユズ

ユズ (canonical)
ゆず (canonical)
yuzu (romanization)


菜の花

the flowers, leaves, or stems of various Brassica species used for food


カラクン

Synonym of 七面鳥 (shichimenchō, “turkey”) (bird)


カラクン鳥

カラクン鳥 (canonical)
karakunchō (romanization)

カラクン (karakun, “turkey”) + 鳥 (chō, “bird”)


珊瑚

珊瑚 (canonical)
珊瑚 (canonical)
sango (romanization)

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 珊瑚 (MC san hu). First cited in Japanese in a text from 892.

2022 April 26, 安(あ)倍(べ)晋(しん)三(ぞう) (Abe Shinzō), Twitter, archived from the original on 2022-10-28:

相変わらずの朝日新聞。珊瑚は大切に。

Aikawarazu no Asahi Shinbun. Sango wa taisetsu ni.

The Asahi Shimbun has not changed a bit. Value a coral.

珊瑚樹茄子: alternate for name トマト

珊瑚樹茄子 さんごじゅなす


蠕虫

[d͡zẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕɨː]


苦瓜

苦瓜 (canonical)
苦瓜 (canonical)
nigauri (romanization)
にがごい (alternative hiragana)
nigagoi (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)
にがごり (alternative hiragana)
nigagori (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)

[ɲ̟iɡa̠ɯ̟ɾʲi]


香菜

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 香菜 (xiāngcài)


雑魚

ja-noun

雑魚(ざこ) or 雑魚(じゃこ) or 雑魚(いざこ) or 雑魚(ざっこう) or 雑魚(ざっこ) or 雑魚(ざこう) • (zako or jako or izako or zakkō or zakko or zakō)

雑魚 (canonical)
雑魚 (canonical)
雑魚 (canonical)
雑魚 (canonical)
雑魚 (canonical)
雑魚 (canonical)
zako (romanization)
jako (romanization)
izako (romanization)
zakkō (romanization)
zakko (romanization)
zakō (romanization)
ざこう (hiragana)

→ Chinese: 雜魚 /杂鱼

small fry; small, worthless fishes; coarse fishes with low market value


水母

水母 (canonical)
水母 (canonical)
kurage (romanization)

⟨kurage₁⟩ → */kuraᵑɡʲe/ → /kuraɡe/
From Old Japanese. The kanji is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

水母の骨

jellyfish bone → something exceedingly rare; something that one would not expect to exist


ペット

Borrowed from English PET, itself the initialism for polyethylene terephthalate, a common material used to make plastic.

ペットボトル


大和撫子

大和撫子 (canonical)
yamato nadeshiko (romanization)

From 大和(やまと) (Yamato) + 撫子(なでしこ) (nadeshiko).

Synonym of 撫子 (nadeshiko, “pink: any flower of the genus Dianthus”).


アップル

[a̠p̚pɯ̟ɾɯ̟]


向日葵

向日葵(ひまわり) or 向日葵(ヒマワリ) • (himawari) ^(←ひまはり (fimafari)?)

向日葵 (canonical)
向日葵 (canonical)
himawari (romanization)
fimafari (romanization)
ひまはり (hiragana historical)

[çima̠β̞a̠ɾʲi]

From 日 (hi, “sun”) + 回り (mawari, “rotation”). The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 向日葵 (xiàngrìkuí).

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus#Translingual


モルモット

→ Korean: 모르모트 (moreumoteu)

Daijirin Daijisen Nagasaki ja:モルモット ja:松村明

Borrowed from Dutch marmot, so-called due to Dutch traders mistakenly identifying guinea pigs as marmots when they first brought them to Nagasaki in 1843. Doublet of マーモット (māmotto, “marmot”) and マルモット (marumotto, “marmot”).

(informal, idiomatic) a guinea pig (an experimental subject)


水牛

水(すい)牛(ぎゅう) or 水牛(スイギュウ) • (suigyū) ^(←すいぎう (suigiu) or スイギウ (suigiu)?)

水牛 (canonical)
水牛 (canonical)
suigyū (romanization)
suigiu (romanization)
すいぎう (hiragana historical)
スイギウ (hiragana historical)


牝馬

From Middle Chinese 牝馬 (MC bjijX maeX). The 漢音 (kan'on), so a later borrowing.


牝馬

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.


牝馬

Attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.


信天翁

信天翁(あほうどり) or 信天翁(アホウドリ) • (ahōdori) ^(←あはうどり (afaudori) or アハウドリ (afaudori)?)

信天翁 (canonical)
信天翁 (canonical)
ahōdori (romanization)
afaudori (romanization)
あはうどり (hiragana historical)
アハウドリ (hiragana historical)

ja:アホウドリ ja:アホウドリ科

Compound of 阿呆(あほう) (ahō, “fool”) + 鳥(とり) (tori, “bird”). The tori changes to dori as an instance of rendaku (連濁).. The bird's Japanese name referred to its insular habits making it more trusting towards land predators who killed and ate them, such as humans.
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), borrowed from Chinese 信天翁 (xìntiānwēng).

ja-compound

Phoebastria albatrus
Phoebastria albatrus#Translingual

an albatross, especially the short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus)


信天翁

ja-noun

信(しん)天(てん)翁(おう) • (shinten'ō) ^(←しんてんをう (sinten'wou)?)

信天翁 (canonical)
shinten'ō (romanization)
sinten'wou (romanization)
しんてんをう (hiragana historical)

[ɕĩntẽ̞ɰ̃o̞ː]

Possibly a borrowing from Chinese 信天翁 (xìntiānwēng).
Compare Hokkien 信天翁 (sìn-thian-ong).

(rare) an albatross, especially the short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus)


犰狳

犰狳 (canonical)
kyūyo (romanization)
kiuyo (romanization)
きうよ (hiragana historical)


𩸽

𩸽 (canonical)
𩸽 (canonical)
hokke (romanization)

Unknown. Various possibilities.
* According to legend, the first Japanese person to catch this fish was Buddhist monk Nichiji in the late 1290s, and he named it hokke after the 法華 (Hokke, “Lotus Sutra”).
* May be a shortening of Ainu トドホッケ (todo hotke, “sea lions lie down”), the original Ainu name of 椴法華村 (Todohokke Mura, “Todohokke Village”), a village on the coast of Hokkaido where legend tells that Nichiji first caught this fish.
* May be a borrowing from Ainu ホッケ (hotke, “to lie down”), possibly from the way that the fish sometimes appears to be lying on the bottom.
Considering that the fish is native to the waters off northern Japan where the Ainu were once prevalent, an Ainu derivation seems most likely.

a type of fish: Pleurogrammus azonus, common names Arabesque greenling and Okhotsk atka mackerel


山羊

山羊 (canonical)
山羊 (canonical)
yagi (romanization)

Ultimate derivation unclear. Theories include:
* Shift from 野牛 (yagyū, “wild cattle”), from a vague resemblance between the two creatures.
* From Middle Chinese 羊 (MC yang) + い (i, possible epenthesis; see also development of 銭 (zeni) from older sen), with resultant /jiaŋi/ realizing in Japanese phonology as yagi.
Might only be attested in Japanese since 1523.
The kanji spellings, either 山 (“mountain”) + 羊 (“sheep”) or 野 (“field; wild”) + 羊 (“sheep”), are examples of jukujikun (熟字訓).

ja-r

possible epenthesis; see also development of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">銭</i> (zeni) from older sen

2000 April 20, “深(ふか)き森(もり)の長老(ちょうろう) (fukaki mori no chōrō) [Elder of the Deep Woods]”, in Magic Ruler －魔法の支配者－, Konami:

A white goat who has dwelt in the woods since ancient times. Its true visage is as an Elder of the Woods.

昔から森に住んでいる白ヤギ。真の姿は森の長老。

Mukashi kara mori ni sundeiru shiroyagi. Shin no sugata wa Mori no Chōrō.


冬瓜

ja-noun

冬(とう)瓜(がん) or 冬瓜(トウガン) • (tōgan)

冬瓜 (canonical)
冬瓜 (canonical)
tōgan (romanization)

winter melon, Benincasa pruriens f. hispida


オムライス

→ English: omurice

→ Korean: 오므라이스 (omeuraiseu)

Blend of オムレツ (omuretsu, “omelette”) + ライス (raisu, “rice”).

blend

omurice: an omelette filled with fried rice, topped with ketchup


梅花

梅花 (canonical)
baika (romanization)
baikwa (romanization)
ばいくわ (hiragana historical)

abbreviation of 梅花の油 (“hair tonic with a plum blossom scent”)


コック

大阪ガス / 朝日放送グループホールディングス
おやすみ前にはガスの元コックの確認を………
oyasumi mae ni wa gasu no moto-kokku no kakunin o………
Before going to sleep, remember to check your gas valve………


球菌

ja-noun

球(きゅう)菌(きん) • (kyūkin) ^(←きうきん (kiukin)?)

球菌 (canonical)
kyūkin (romanization)
kiukin (romanization)
きうきん (hiragana historical)

葡萄球菌

葡萄球菌 ぶどうきゅうきん


生薑

生(しょう)薑(きょう) • (shōkyō)

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

Zingiber officinale
Zingiber officinale#Translingual

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried ginger root (rhizome of Zingiber officinale used as herbal medicine)


盲鰻

盲鰻 (canonical)
mekuraunagi (romanization)

(dated) hagfish (especially the species Myxine garmani)


蕁麻

Synonym of 刺草 (irakusa, “nettle, Urtica thunbergiana”)


蕁麻

Alternative spelling of 刺草 (irakusa, “nettle, Urtica thunbergiana”)


落花生

落(らっ)花(か)生(せい) or 落花生(ラッカセイ) • (rakkasei) ^(←らくくわせい (rakukwasei)?)

落花生 (canonical)
落花生 (canonical)
rakkasei (romanization)
rakukwasei (romanization)
らくくわせい (hiragana historical)


霞草

霞草 (canonical)
霞草 (canonical)
kasumisō (romanization)

Literally mist plant, 霞(かすみ) (kasumi, “mist, haze”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”)

ja-compound

彼が彼女に霞草のブーケを上げた。

Kare ga kanojo ni kasumisō no būke o ageta.

He gave his girlfriend a bouquet of baby's breath.


コスモス

コスモス, 秋桜: cosmos, a genus of flowering plants


芭蕉

ja-noun

芭(ば)蕉(しょう) or 芭蕉(バショウ) • (bashō) ^(←ばせう (baseu) or バセウ (baseu)?)

芭蕉 (canonical)
芭蕉 (canonical)
bashō (romanization)
baseu (romanization)
ばせう (hiragana historical)
バセウ (hiragana historical)

/baseu/ → /baɕeu/ → /baɕoː/
Possibly from Middle Chinese 芭蕉 (MC pae tsjew).
Written as はせを (pasewo → hasewo → haseo) in older texts.

Short for 芭蕉梶木 (bashō kajiki): Indo-Pacific sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus)


芭蕉

芭蕉 (canonical)
Bashō (romanization)
Baseu (romanization)
ばせう (hiragana historical)

Short for 松尾芭蕉 (Matsuo Bashō): Edo-period haikai and haiku poet


菜心

菜心 (canonical)
菜心 (canonical)
saishin (romanization)


鳳梨

From written Chinese 鳳梨 (fènglí).
First attested in Japanese in 1876. Apparently the fruit was first cultivated in Japan in 1830, with records from 1845 of the Dutch importing pineapples via Nagasaki.
The reading is the expected Japanese on'yomi (kan'on) for the Chinese spelling. Compare the modern Cantonese reading fung⁶ lei⁴, or Min Nan hōng-lâi.

(archaic) pineapple, both the fruit and the plant

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Pineapple
Shinmura Izuru
ja:成美堂出版
ja:鳳梨


連翹

連(れん)翹(ぎょう) or 連翹(レンギョウ) • (rengyō)

連翹 (canonical)
連翹 (canonical)
rengyō (romanization)

連翹空木

連翹空木 れんぎょううつぎ

小連翹

小連翹 しょうれんぎょう

(traditional Chinese medicine) fruit of Forsythia suspensa


海棠

垂糸海棠

垂糸海棠 すいしかいどう

南京海棠

南京海棠 なんきんかいどう

Synonym of 花海棠 (hanakaidō, “flowering crab apple, Malus halliana”)

花海棠

(historical) Synonym of 実海棠 (mikaidō, “Kaido crab apple, Malus micromalus”)


月桂樹

月(げっ)桂(けい)樹(じゅ) or 月桂樹(ゲッケイジュ) • (gekkeiju)

月桂樹 (canonical)
月桂樹 (canonical)
gekkeiju (romanization)

Compound of 月桂(げっけい) (gekkei, “moon laurel”) + 樹(じゅ) (ju, “tree”)

ja-compound

Laurus nobilis
Laurus nobilis#Translingual


野老

野老 (canonical)
yarō (romanization)
yarau (romanization)
やらう (hiragana historical)

Synonym of 鬼野老 (onidokoro, “Dioscorea tokoro”)


野老

野老 (canonical)
野老 (canonical)
tokoro (romanization)


金魚草

ja-noun

金(きん)魚(ぎょ)草(そう) or 金魚草(キンギョソウ) • (kingyosō)

金魚草 (canonical)
金魚草 (canonical)
kingyosō (romanization)

[kʲĩŋʲɡʲo̞so̞ː]

From 金魚 (kingyo, “goldfish”) + 草 (sō, “grass”), supposedly from the fact that the flowers in its spike are shaped like goldfish.

com

Antirrhinum majus
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:キンギョソウ


壁蝨

壁蝨 (canonical)
壁蝨 (canonical)
dani (romanization)

/tani/ → /dani/
From Old Japanese. Shift from earlier reading tani. This reading persists in some modern dialects.
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 壁蝨 /壁虱 (bìshī). The characters literally mean 壁 (“wall”) + 蝨 (“louse”), as an indication that ticks and mites may be found on walls.

a tick, a mite: any of various small parasitic arachnids of subclass Acari

(derogatory, figurative) a parasite, a layabout, a moocher: someone who lives off other people


壁蝨

(obsolete) a tick, a mite: any of various small parasitic arachnids of subclass Acari


有翅亜綱

有翅亜綱 (canonical)
yūshiakō (romanization)

Pterygota, a subclass of insects that includes winged insects


小女子

小女子 (canonical)
小女子 (canonical)
kōnago (romanization)

Originally this was just an alternative name for sand lance, but has come to mean a small one specifically.

sand lance, usually a small sand lance of about 5cm full-length


尖鼠

ja-noun

尖(とがり)鼠(ねずみ) or 尖鼠(トガリネズミ) • (togarinezumi)

尖鼠 (canonical)
尖鼠 (canonical)
togarinezumi (romanization)

Compound of 尖り (togari, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 尖る togaru, “to be pointy or sharp”) + 鼠 (nezumi, “mouse, rat”).


猛禽

ja-noun

猛(もう)禽(きん) • (mōkin) ^(←まうきん (maukin)?) (counter 羽)

猛禽 (canonical)
mōkin (romanization)
maukin (romanization)
羽 (counter)
まうきん (hiragana historical)


雌鳥

Originally 雌鳥 (medori), from 雌 (me-, “female”) + 鳥 (tori, “bird”). The tori changes to dori as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


整枝

pruning, cutting off undesired branches from a fruit tree or in a garden


菖蒲

菖蒲 (canonical)
菖蒲 (canonical)
ayame (romanization)

Shift in meaning from 漢女 (ayame), a compound of 漢 (aya, “Chinese”, appears in ancient clan names referring to very early Chinese immigrants to Japan) + 女 (me, “woman”), in reference to the earliest producers of textiles as a metaphor for the colorful patterns of the flowers.

compound

short for 菖蒲襲 (ayamegasane): a style of kimono layering consisting of a blue outer layer and a light pink inner layer, traditionally worn in the month of May


菖蒲

ja-noun

菖(しょう)蒲(ぶ) or 菖蒲(ショウブ) • (shōbu) ^(←しやうぶ (syaubu)?)

菖蒲 (canonical)
菖蒲 (canonical)
shōbu (romanization)
syaubu (romanization)
しやうぶ (hiragana historical)

/ɕaubu/ → /ɕɔːbu/ → /ɕoːbu/
From Middle Chinese 菖蒲 (MC tsyhang bu, literally “iris + bulrush, cattail; vine”).

ltc-l

short for 菖蒲襲 (shōbugasane): a style of kimono layering consisting of a blue outer layer and a light pink inner layer, traditionally worn in the month of May


菖蒲

菖蒲 (canonical)
sōbu (romanization)
saubu (romanization)
さうぶ (hiragana historical)

Shift in pronunciation from shōbu above.

short for 菖蒲襲 (sōbugasane): a style of kimono layering consisting of a blue outer layer and a light pink inner layer, traditionally worn in the month of May


揚羽蝶

ja-noun

揚(あげ)羽(は)蝶(ちょう) or 揚羽蝶(アゲハチョウ) • (agehachō) ^(←あげはてふ (agefatefu) or アゲハテフ (agefatefu)?)

揚羽蝶 (canonical)
揚羽蝶 (canonical)
agehachō (romanization)
agefatefu (romanization)
あげはてふ (hiragana historical)
アゲハテフ (hiragana historical)

[a̠ɡe̞ha̠t͡ɕo̞ː]

揚羽 (ageha, “raising feather”) + 蝶 (chō, “butterfly”)


縞蛇

縞蛇 (canonical)
縞蛇 (canonical)
shimahebi (romanization)

縞(しま) (shima, “stripe”) + 蛇(へび) (hebi, “snake”)

ja-compound

Japanese striped snake, Elaphe quadrivirgata


マテガイ

ja-noun

マテガイ or まてがい • (mategai) ^(←まてがひ (mategafi)?)

マテガイ (canonical)
まてがい (canonical)
mategai (romanization)
mategafi (romanization)
まてがひ (hiragana historical)

Uncertain. Appears to be a compound of 真手 (mate, “both hands together”) + 貝 (kai, “clam, shell”), presumably from the shape of the shell. The kai changes to gai as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The kanji spellings of mate are ateji.

compound

Solen strictus
Solen strictus#Translingual

a razor clam, more specifically Gould's razor shell: Solen strictus.


海水魚

海水魚 (canonical)
kaisuigyo (romanization)


ほこさき

ja-noun

ほこさき or ホコサキ • (hokosaki) ^(←ほこさき (fokosaki)?)

ほこさき (canonical)
ホコサキ (canonical)
hokosaki (romanization)
fokosaki (romanization)
ほこさき (hiragana historical)


牛鮫

牛鮫 (canonical)
牛鮫 (canonical)
ushizame (romanization)


大目白鮫

大(おお)目(め)白(じろ)鮫(ざめ) or 大目白鮫(オオメジロザメ) • (ōmejirozame)

大目白鮫 (canonical)
大目白鮫 (canonical)
ōmejirozame (romanization)

大 (ō, “big”) + 目白鮫 (mejirozame, “sandbar shark”)


尾黒目白鮫

ja-noun

尾(お)黒(ぐろ)目(め)白(じろ)鮫(ざめ) or 尾黒目白鮫(オグロメジロザメ) • (oguro mejirozame)

尾黒目白鮫 (canonical)
尾黒目白鮫 (canonical)
oguro mejirozame (romanization)

尾 (o, “tail”) + 黒 (kuro, “black”) + 目白鮫 (mejirozame, “sandbar shark”)

com

a grey reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos)


スピナーシャーク

ja-noun

スピナーシャーク • (supināshāku)


はなざめ

はなざめ or ハナザメ • (hanazame) ^(←はなざめ (fanazame)?)

はなざめ (canonical)
ハナザメ (canonical)
hanazame (romanization)
fanazame (romanization)
はなざめ (hiragana historical)

spinner shark, long-nose grey shark (Carcharhinus brevipinna)


ヨゴレザメ

Carcharhinus longimanus
Carcharhinus longimanus#Translingual

汚鮫: oceanic whitetip shark, Carcharhinus longimanus


汚鮫

汚鮫 (canonical)
汚鮫 (canonical)
yogorezame (romanization)

oceanic whitetip shark
oceanic whitetip shark

oceanic whitetip shark, Carcharhinus longimanus


墨付鮫

墨付鮫(スミツキザメ) or 墨(すみ)付(つき)鮫(ざめ) • (sumitsukizame)

墨付鮫 (canonical)
墨付鮫 (canonical)
sumitsukizame (romanization)

A whitecheek shark (Carcharhinus dussumieri)


ツマジロ

tsumajiro (romanization)
爪白 (alternative)
端白 (alternative)
妻白 (alternative)

silvertip shark, Carcharhinus albimarginatus


鼬鮫

鼬鮫 (canonical)
鼬鮫 (canonical)
itachizame (romanization)

鼬 (itachi, “weasel”) + 鮫 (same, “shark”)


イコクエイラクブカ

From 異国(いこく) (ikoku) + 永楽鱶(えいらくぶか) (eirakubuka).

ja-compound

Galeorhinus galeus
Galeorhinus galeus#Translingual

tope shark, soupfin shark, Galeorhinus galeus


青鮫

ja-noun

青(あお)鮫(ざめ) or 青鮫(アオザメ) • (aozame) ^(←あをざめ (awozame) or アヲザメ (awozame)?)

青鮫 (canonical)
青鮫 (canonical)
aozame (romanization)
awozame (romanization)
あをざめ (hiragana historical)
アヲザメ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 青 (ao, “blue”) + 鮫 (same, “shark”). The same changes to zame as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

a shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus

Daijirin
Daijisen
Shortfin mako shark
ja:アオザメ
ja:松村明


駝鳥

駝(だ)鳥(ちょう) or 駝鳥(ダチョウ) • (dachō) ^(←だてう (dateu) or ダテウ (dateu)?)

駝鳥 (canonical)
駝鳥 (canonical)
dachō (romanization)
dateu (romanization)
だてう (hiragana historical)
ダテウ (hiragana historical)

2002 September 30 [1996 September 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, のび太(た)と銀(ぎん)河(が)超特急(エクスプレス) [Nobita and the Galaxy Express] (大長編ドラえもん; 16), 20th edition, volume 16 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 126:

“Ornithomimuses”: Ostrich-like dinosaurs of the late Cretaceous. These are extremely fast runners. They are also omnivores. They eat fruit and other things.

「オルニトミムス」白亜紀後半のダチョウ型恐竜。猛スピードで走りまわる。雑食性。木の実などなんでも食べる。

“Orunitomimusu” Hakuaki kōhan no dachōgata kyōryū. Mō-supīdo de hashirimawaru. Zasshokusei. Ko no mi nado nan demo taberu.


公孫樹

[ko̞ːsõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨ]

Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba#Translingual


薬草

薬(やく)草(そう) • (yakusō) ^(←やくさう (yakusau)?)

薬草 (canonical)
yakusō (romanization)
yakusau (romanization)
やくさう (hiragana historical)


ケラ

螻蛄: mole cricket, especially Gryllotalpa orientalis (oriental mole cricket)


螻蛄

螻蛄(けら) or 螻蛄(ケラ) or 螻蛄(おけら) or 螻蛄(オケラ) • (kera or okera)

螻蛄 (canonical)
螻蛄 (canonical)
螻蛄 (canonical)
螻蛄 (canonical)
kera (romanization)
okera (romanization)

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 螻蛄 /蝼蛄 (lóugū).


回虫

回(かい)虫(ちゅう) or 回虫(カイチュウ) • (kaichū) ^(←くわいちゆう (kwaityuu)?) (counter 匹)

回虫 (canonical)
回虫 (canonical)
kaichū (romanization)
kwaityuu (romanization)
匹 (counter)
くわいちゆう (hiragana historical)

(pathology) roundworm, intestinal worm, worms of the order Ascaridida.


虎魚

虎魚 (canonical)
虎魚 (canonical)
okoze (romanization)

A scorpionfish, a stonefish, a devil stinger: species Inimicus japonicus.


キンキ

キンキ (canonical)
きんき (canonical)
kinki (romanization)

(regional) Synonym of 喜知次 (kichiji): the broadbanded thornyhead, Sebastolobus macrochir


柳葉魚

→ English: shishamo

→ Mandarin: 喜相逢

→ Hokkien: si-siá-mo͘h

From Ainu スサㇺ (susam), presumably from スス (susu, “willow”) + ハㇺ (ham, “leaf”); due to the fish’s slender shape, similar to the shape of a willow leaf.
The kanji spelling is literally “willow leaf fish”.

a Japanese smelt, Spirinchus lanceolatus


牧場鳥

牧(まき)場(ば)鳥(どり) or 牧場鳥(マキバドリ) • (makibadori)

牧場鳥 (canonical)
牧場鳥 (canonical)
makibadori (romanization)


田雲雀

田雲雀 (canonical)
田雲雀 (canonical)
tahibari (romanization)

Anthus spinoletta
Anthus spinoletta#Translingual

牧場田雲雀

牧場田雲雀 マキバタヒバリ


蝶々

蝶(ちょう)々(ちょう) or 蝶々(チョウチョウ) • (chōchō) ^(←てふてふ (tefutefu)?)

蝶々 (canonical)
蝶々 (canonical)
chōchō (romanization)
tefutefu (romanization)
てふてふ (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕo̞ːt͡ɕo̞ː]


蝶々

蝶(ちょう)々(ちょ) • (chōcho) ^(←てふちよ (tefutyo)?)

蝶々 (canonical)
chōcho (romanization)
tefutyo (romanization)
てふちよ (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕo̞ːt͡ɕo̞]


腸内細菌

腸内細菌 (canonical)
chōnaisaikin (romanization)

腸内細菌叢

腸内細菌叢 ちょうないさいきんそう


木菟

木菟(みみずく) or 木菟(ミミズク) or 木菟(ずく) or 木菟(ズク) • (mimizuku or zuku) ^(←みみづく (mimiduku) or ミミヅク (mimiduku) or づく (duku) or ヅク (duku)?)

木菟 (canonical)
木菟 (canonical)
木菟 (canonical)
木菟 (canonical)
mimizuku (romanization)
zuku (romanization)
mimiduku (romanization)
duku (romanization)
みみづく (hiragana historical)
ミミヅク (hiragana historical)
づく (hiragana historical)
ヅク (hiragana historical)

Unknown. Perhaps from 耳付く (literally “eared”), from 耳 (mimi, “ear”) + 付く (tsuku, “to be attached with”), in reference to the hair that resembles ears on the head. The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓).


栗毛

Compound of 栗(くり) (kuri) + 毛(け) (ke). The ke reading for 毛 changes to ge as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

chestnut color, often applied to a horse's coat


稲子

稲子 (canonical)
稲子 (canonical)
inago (romanization)

稲(いな) (ina, “rice”) + 子(こ) (ko, “child”)

ja-compound

a locust, a grasshopper in the family Acrididae

翅長稲子

翅長稲子 ハネナガイナゴ


蕺草

蕺草 (canonical)
蕺草 (canonical)
dokudami (romanization)

毒 (doku, “poison”) + 彩 (dami, “coloring”)


河童

/kapawarapa/ → /kawawappa/ → /kawappa/ → /kappa/
Originally a compound of 川 (kapa → kawa, “river”) + 童 (warapa → wappa, “child”).

com

Short for 河童巻き (kappa maki, “rolled sushi with cucumber inside”).

河童巻き

See also: Thesaurus:娼婦

(dated) a prostitute working from a boat that picks up customers from the banks of a river


二十日鼠

二十日鼠 (canonical)
hatsuka nezumi (romanization)

Compound of 二十日 (hatsuka, “twenty days”) + 鼠 (nezumi, “rat; mouse”), so named for the gestation period of roughly 20 days.


大樹

大樹 (canonical)
taiju (romanization)
taizyu (romanization)
たいじゆ (hiragana historical)


青木

ja-pos

青(あお)木(き) or 青(おお)木(ぎ) • (Aoki or Ōgi) ^(←あをき (Awoki)?)

青木 (canonical)
青木 (canonical)
Aoki (romanization)
Ōgi (romanization)
Awoki (romanization)
あをき (hiragana historical)

青(あお) (ao, “blue, green”) + 木(き) (ki, “tree”)


赤松

赤松 (canonical)
赤松 (canonical)
akamatsu (romanization)

Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora), also known as the Japanese umbrella pine or the tanyosho pine


藤本

ja-pos

藤(ふじ)本(もと) • (Fujimoto) ^(←ふぢもと (Fudimoto)?)

藤本 (canonical)
Fujimoto (romanization)
Fudimoto (romanization)
ふぢもと (hiragana historical)


驢馬

驢馬 (canonical)
驢馬 (canonical)
roba (romanization)


若松

a small pine tree used for decoration at New Year's


青柳

ja-noun

青(あお)柳(やぎ) • (aoyagi) ^(←あをやぎ (awoyagi)?)

青柳 (canonical)
aoyagi (romanization)
awoyagi (romanization)
あをやぎ (hiragana historical)

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

From Old Japanese. Cited in the Man'yōshū of 759.
Analyzable as a compound of 青 (ao, “green, as of lush plant life”) + 柳 (yagi, “willow”, shorter compounding reading for 柳 (yanagi)).

compound

shorter compounding reading for <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">柳</i> (yanagi)


青柳

ja-pos

青(あお)柳(やぎ) • (Aoyagi) ^(←あをやぎ (Awoyagi)?)

青柳 (canonical)
Aoyagi (romanization)
Awoyagi (romanization)
あをやぎ (hiragana historical)


青柳

ja-noun

青(あお)柳(やなぎ) • (aoyanagi) ^(←あをやなぎ (awoyanagi)?)

青柳 (canonical)
aoyanagi (romanization)
awoyanagi (romanization)
あをやなぎ (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese. Cited in the Man'yōshū of 759.
Analyzable as a compound of 青 (ao, “green, as of lush plant life”) + 柳 (yanagi, “willow”).
This reading is not listed in many dictionaries.

compound

(archaic, possibly obsolete) a budding willow


芝草

ja-noun

芝(しば)草(くさ) • (shibakusa) ^(←しばくさ (sibakusa)?)

芝草 (canonical)
shibakusa (romanization)
sibakusa (romanization)
しばくさ (hiragana historical)

1918, 室生犀星, “秋思”, in 抒情小曲集秋思, 青空文庫:

わがこのごろのうれひは
ふるさとの公園のくれがたを歩む
芝草はあつきびろうど
いろふかぶかと空もまがへり

waga konogoro no urei wa
furusato no kōen no kuregata o ayumu
shibakusa wa atsuki birōdo
iro fukabuka to sora mo magaeri


芝草

ja-pos

芝(しば)草(くさ) • (Shibakusa) ^(←しばくさ (Sibakusa)?)

芝草 (canonical)
Shibakusa (romanization)
Sibakusa (romanization)
しばくさ (hiragana historical)


芝草

芝草 (canonical)
shisō (romanization)
sisau (romanization)
しさう (hiragana historical)


白木

白木 (canonical)
白木 (canonical)
shiraki (romanization)

Literally, “white tree”, 白(しら) (shira, “white”) + 木(き) (ki, “tree”)

ja-compound

Clipping of 白木弓 (shiraki yumi, “unlacquered bow”).


瑠璃

Daijirin
Lapis lazuli
Qing Dynasty
ja:瑠璃

Shortened from 吠(べい)瑠(る)璃(り) (beiruri), itself from Middle Chinese 吠瑠璃 (MC bjojH lje), a phonetic transcription of Sanskrit वैडूर्य (vaiḍūrya, “cat's eye, beryl”). Some scholars suggest that the source term might instead have been Pali veḷuriya (“precious stone, maybe lapis lazuli”).

der

瑠璃貝: pelagic marine snail of genus Janthina

瑠璃瓦

a kawara tile with a glossy blue glaze, commonly used in roofing in Japan

瑠璃観音: one of the 33 manifestation of Kannon

depicted standing on a lotus leaf floating in the water

with incense in her right hand and a lotus blossom in her left hand

瑠璃釉

a slip containing powdered cobalt and applied to ceramics to achieve a deep blue color after firing

瑠璃紺: a deep blue and glossy piece of lapis lazuli

瑠璃草: navelwort: a flowering plant of genus Omphalodes in family Boraginaceae

native to the mountainous regions of Honshū and Hokkaidō

瑠璃灯: a kind of hexagonal lamp used in the Ōbaku sect of Zen

covered in thin silk and containing a candela made of lapis lazuli

瑠璃溝隠: a flowering herbaceous perennial plant

瑠璃実の樹

an evergreen shrub of genus Lasianthus, native to the Izu Peninsula

a perennial bulbous plant native to Eurasia

lapis lazuli's shine is brought out by polishing

瑠璃の光も磨きがら: → inborn talent is no substitute for hard work and practice

lazuli and crystal sparkle when you shine a light on them

瑠璃も玻璃も照らせば光かる: → even if two things are different

illumination can make their excellent qualities clear

you can tell lazuli and crystal by shining a light on them

瑠璃も玻璃も照らせば分かる: → the true nature of similar things can be discerned by different means

瑠璃は脆し: → a metaphor for the fragility of beautiful things

瑠璃も曇る: → a metaphor for how even the most excellent things lose value over time

common name for various blue thrushes (birds) in family Muscicapidae, such as the 大瑠璃 (ōruri, “blue and white flycatcher, Cyanoptila cyanomelana”) or 小瑠璃 (koruri, “Siberian blue robin, Larvivora cyane, syn. Luscinia cyane”)


まき

まき (canonical)
マキ (canonical)
maki (romanization)

Kojiki
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki

From Old Japanese, originally from 真(ま) (ma-, “great, excellent”, archaic use) + 木(き) (ki, “tree”), likely from how the trees were well-suited for use as timber.
First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE in sense 1 and in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE in sense 2.

ja-com

Synonym of 高野槇 (kōyamaki, “Japanese umbrella-pine (Sciadopitys verticillata)”) or 犬槇 (inumaki, “yew plum pine (Podocarpus macrophyllus)”)


躑躅

Ultimate derivation unknown. Various theories have been proposed, including:
* A shift from 続き咲き (tsuzuki saki, literally “continuously blooming”)
* Possibly related to Korean 철쭉 (cheoljjuk), as in 황철쭉 (hwangcheoljjuk, “Rhododendron japonicum”)
The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 躑躅 /踯躅 (zhízhú).


亜麻

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum#Translingual


猟犬

ja-noun

猟(りょう)犬(けん) • (ryōken) ^(←れふけん (refuken)?)

猟犬 (canonical)
ryōken (romanization)
refuken (romanization)
れふけん (hiragana historical)

/repuken/ → /refuken/ → /reuken/ → /rjoːken/
From Middle Chinese compound 獵犬 /猎犬 (liᴇp̚ kʰwen^X, literally “hunt + dog”). Compare modern Mandarin reading lièquǎn.


鬱金

鬱金 (canonical)
鬱金 (canonical)
ukon (romanization)

/uk̚koɴ/ → /ukoɴ/
Shift from ukkon below.

Curcuma longa
Curcuma longa#Translingual

a dye extracted from the rhizome of the turmeric

Short for 鬱金色 (ukon-iro): saffron yellow

Short for 鬱金桜 (ukonzakura): a 里桜 (satozakura) cultivar, Prunus lannesiana

鬱金桜

(traditional Chinese medicine) rhizome of Curcuma longa used in medicine


鬱金

鬱金 (canonical)
鬱金 (canonical)
ukkon (romanization)

/utɨ komʉ/ → /uk̚komʉ/ → /uk̚koɴ/
From Middle Chinese 鬱金 (MC 'jut kim).

Short for 鬱金色 (ukkon-iro): saffron yellow


にゃんこ

にゃんこ (canonical)
ニャンコ (canonical)
nyanko (romanization)

Compound of にゃん (nyan, “meow”) + こ (ko, “thing”).


垂柳

垂(すい)柳(りゅう) • (suiryū) ^(←すいりう (suiriu)?)

垂柳 (canonical)
suiryū (romanization)
suiriu (romanization)
すいりう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese compound 垂柳 (dzywe ljuw^X, literally “hang down + willow”).


やなぎ

やなぎ (canonical)
ヤナギ (canonical)
yanagi (romanization)

Man'yōgana
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

From Old Japanese. Cognate with Kunigami 柳 (yanāji), Miyako 柳 (yanagzï), Okinawan 柳 (yanaji) (likely all early borrowings from Middle Japanese).
The ultimate derivation is uncertain, with several theories presented in reference works. Some of the main theories:
* Appears to be derived from a compound, possibly 矢 (ya, “arrow”) + な (na, Old Japanese apophonic form of possessive particle の (no)) + 木 (ki, “tree”). The ki changes to gi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
* Alternatively, the ya might be from the 字音 (jion, “character reading”) of Middle Chinese 楊 (MC yang, “willow”) + Japanese 木 (ki, “tree”).
Considering the existence of synonymous form やぎ (yagi) that appears in certain compounds, the medial na element is likely the particle.
First cited to roughly 759 CE, in the Man'yōshū collection of poetry with the phonetic Man'yōgana spelling 也奈宜.

com

柳, 楊柳: Short for 柳色 (yanagi-iro): a dark yellow-green color, as from a willow leaf

柳: (card games) a suit in 花札 (hanafuda), representing the month of November


水菓子

水菓子 (canonical)
mizugashi (romanization)


法螺貝

法螺貝 (canonical)
法螺貝 (canonical)
horagai (romanization)

Charonia tritonis
Daijirin
Horagai
ja:法螺貝

Compound of 法螺 (hora, “boasting, bragging”) + 貝 (kai, “shell, shellfish”). The kai changes to gai as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

陣貝

a horagai shell horn used to signal troops

a horn made from a Triton's trumpet shell


川蝉

ja-noun

川(かわ)蝉(せみ) or 川蝉(カワセミ) • (kawasemi) ^(←かはせみ (kafasemi) or カハセミ (kafasemi)?)

川蝉 (canonical)
川蝉 (canonical)
kawasemi (romanization)
kafasemi (romanization)
かはせみ (hiragana historical)
カハセミ (hiragana historical)

Alcedo atthis
Alcedo atthis#Translingual


ジャガー

ジャガー • (jagā)


ジャガイモ

ジャガイモ or じゃがいも • (jagaimo)

ジャガイモ (canonical)
じゃがいも (canonical)
jagaimo (romanization)

Clipped compound of ジャガタラ (jagatara) + 芋 (imo, “potato”).
ジャガタラ is a corruption of Dutch Djakarta, from Indonesian Jakarta.
The potato was first introduced to Japan via the Dutch East Indies, hence the Jakarta connection.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum#Translingual

ジャガ芋: the potato, Solanum tuberosum: the plant or its edible tuber


はなだより

はなだより • (hanadayori) ^(←はなだより (fanadayori)?)

hanadayori (romanization)
fanadayori (romanization)
はなだより (hiragana historical)

From 花(はな) (hana, “flowers”) + 便(たよ)り (tayori, “tidings of”). The tayori changes to dayori as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

tidings of the cherry blossoms, especially the first of the year


撫子

⟨nade si ko₁⟩ → /nadeɕiko/
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Izumo-no-kuni Fudoki (733 CE).
Originally derived from 撫で (nade), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of classical verb 撫づ (nadu), modern 撫でる (naderu, “to brush, stroke, or caress gently”) + し (-shi, continuative suffix) + 子 (-ko, diminutive and feminine suffix).

lang

日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ

日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ


ホモサピエンス

Learned borrowing from New Latin Homo sapiens, the species name.


雌犬

Compound of 雌 (mesu, “female”, specific to non-humans) + 犬 (inu, “dog”).


真弓

Compound of 真(ま) (ma-, “pure, genuine; beautiful”) + 弓(ゆみ) (yumi, “bow”).

ja-com

檀, 檀弓: bow made of the wood of Hamilton's spindletree

檀: One type of color layering in traditional Japanese costume, with 蘇芳 (suō, “deep red”) on the outside and yellow on the inside. It is used mostly in the autumn.


真弓

→ English: Mayumi

A neighborhood of Nagaoka, Niigata Prefecture.


森青蛙

ja-noun

森(もり)青(あお)蛙(がえる) or 森青蛙(モリアオガエル) • (moriaogaeru)

森青蛙 (canonical)
森青蛙 (canonical)
moriaogaeru (romanization)

forest green tree frog
forest green tree frog

forest green tree frog (Rhacophorus arboreus)


連理

麝香連理草

麝香連理草 じゃこうれんりそう


蝦蟇

蝦蟇 (canonical)
蝦蟇 (canonical)
gama (romanization)

Appears to be borrowed from Middle Chinese 蝦蟇 (MC hae, “toad”, literally “shrimp, prawn + toad”).


蝦蟇

ja-noun

蝦蟇(がまがえる) • (gamagaeru) ^(←がまがへる (gamagaferu)?)

蝦蟇 (canonical)
gamagaeru (romanization)
gamagaferu (romanization)
がまがへる (hiragana historical)

[ɡa̠ma̠ɡa̠e̞ɾɯ̟]

Appears to be a compound of 蟇 (gama, “toad”) + 蛙 (kaeru, “frog”). The kaeru changes to gaeru as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The kanji in this term are reversed as jukujikun (熟字訓) to match the Chinese spelling of the borrowed term gama (see above).


蟇蛙

蟇(ひき)蛙(がえる) or 蟇蛙(ヒキガエル) • (hikigaeru) ^(←ひきがへる (fikigaferu) or ヒキガヘル (fikigaferu)?)

蟇蛙 (canonical)
蟇蛙 (canonical)
hikigaeru (romanization)
fikigaferu (romanization)
ひきがへる (hiragana historical)
ヒキガヘル (hiragana historical)

[çi̥kʲiɡa̠e̞ɾɯ̟]


ギギ

義義: Pelteobagrus nudiceps, a species of catfish


義義

義義 (canonical)
義義 (canonical)
gigi (romanization)

Tachysurus nudiceps, a species of catfish.


太刀魚

太刀魚 (canonical)
太刀魚 (canonical)
tachiuo (romanization)

Trichiurus lepturus
Trichiurus lepturus#Translingual

Largehead hairtail, Trichiurus lepturus, a member of the cutlassfish family


北極熊

北(ほっ)極(きょく)熊(ぐま) or 北極熊(ほっきょくグマ) or 北極熊(ホッキョクグマ) • (Hokkyokuguma) ^(←ほくきよくぐま (fokukyokuguma) or ホクキヨクグマ (fokukyokuguma)?)

北極熊 (canonical)
北極熊 (canonical)
北極熊 (canonical)
Hokkyokuguma (romanization)
fokukyokuguma (romanization)
ほくきよくぐま (hiragana historical)
ホクキヨクグマ (hiragana historical)

[ho̞k̚ʲkʲo̞kɯ̟ɡɯ̟ma̠]

Compound of 北極 (Hokkyoku, “North Pole; Arctic”) + 熊 (kuma, “bear”). The kuma changes to guma as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Compare Chinese 北極熊 /北极熊 (běijíxióng), Korean 북극곰 (Bukgeukgom), Vietnamese gấu Bắc Cực, all of which literally mean “arctic bear”.


丸太

ja-noun

丸(まる)太(た) or 丸太(マルタ) or 丸太(まろた) • (maruta or marota)

丸太 (canonical)
丸太 (canonical)
丸太 (canonical)
maruta (romanization)
marota (romanization)

desc

→ Korean: 마루타 (maruta, “human guinea pig”)

→ Mandarin: 馬路大 /马路大 (mǎlùdà)

Compound of 丸 (maru, “circle; round”) + 太 (ta, “fat”, here possibly emphasizing the roundness).
First cited to a text from 1633.

丸太舟

a kind of boat made of logs and used mainly on Lake Biwa from the medieval period

丸太洗い

logs used to shore up the bottom of a reservoir pond or sewer outlet

feelings not getting through to another person

much as a tack will not go through a log

(historical, slang) during the Edo period, derogatory term for an unlicensed prostitute dressed as a Buddhist nun as a form of disguise from the authorities (from the way the shaven head looks a bit like a debarked log, and from the way that they both roll around)


桃李

桃李 (canonical)
tōri (romanization)
tauri (romanization)
たうり (hiragana historical)


雷鳥

蝦夷雷鳥

蝦夷雷鳥 エゾライチョウ

樺太雷鳥

樺太雷鳥 カラフトライチョウ


雛菊

雛菊 (canonical)
雛菊 (canonical)
hinagiku (romanization)

Compound of 雛 (hina, “mini”) + 菊 (kiku, “chrysanthemum”). The kiku changes to giku as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First recorded in a botanical work from 1884.

Bellis perennis
Bellis perennis#Translingual

a daisy: a wild flowering plant with a yellow head and white petals, family Asteraceae, species Bellis perennis


ポピー

ja-noun

ポピー • (popī)


山犬

山犬 (canonical)
山犬 (canonical)
yamainu (romanization)

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:ヤマイヌ
ja:松村明

Compound of 山 (yama, “mountain”) + 犬 (inu, “dog”).

Synonym of 日本狼 (Nihon'ōkami, “Japanese wolf”)

(Japanese mythology) an apparition of a dog that may appear to travelers on mountain roads, and that may be either friendly or murderous to travelers

送り犬

canine apparition appearing to travelers


月見草

月見草 (canonical)
tsukimisō (romanization)


金木犀

金(きん)木(もく)犀(せい) or 金木犀(キンモクセイ) • (kinmokusei)

金木犀 (canonical)
金木犀 (canonical)
kinmokusei (romanization)

[kʲĩmːo̞kɯ̟se̞ː]

Compound of 金(きん) (kin, “gold, golden”) + 木犀(もくせい) (mokusei, “sweet/fragrant osmanthus”).

ja-compound

Osmanthus fragrans
Osmanthus fragrans#Translingual

the orange-blooming variety of the sweet olive or fragrant olive, Osmanthus fragrans.

銀木犀

white-blooming variety of the fragrant olive


銀木犀

ja-noun

銀(ぎん)木(もく)犀(せい) or 銀木犀(ギンモクセイ) • (ginmokusei)

銀木犀 (canonical)
銀木犀 (canonical)
ginmokusei (romanization)

Compound of 銀 (gin, “silver”) + 木犀 (mokusei, “sweet/fragrant osmanthus”).

compound

The white-blooming variety of the sweet olive or fragrant olive (Osmanthus fragrans)


白兎

白兎 (canonical)
shirousagi (romanization)

Compound of 白 (shiro, “white”) + 兎 (usagi, “rabbit”).

The Echigo hare, Lepus brachyurus angustidens, in its white winter coat.


牛馬

牛馬 (canonical)
gyūba (romanization)
giuba (romanization)
ぎうば (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese compound 牛馬 /牛马 (ngjuw mæ^X, literally “ox + horse”).


子馬

子(こ) (ko, “child”) + 馬(うま) (uma, “horse”).
See also 駒(こま) (koma).


馬術

Origin unclear. Possibly borrowed from Middle Chinese 馬術 (mˠa^X ʑiuɪt̚, literally “horse + technique”); compare Min Nan reading bé-su̍t.
Alternatively, a Japanese coinage as a compound of Chinese-derived elements 馬 (ba, “horse”) + 術 (jutsu, “technique”).

compound

equestrianism, equestrian skills, horsemanship

流鏑馬

a traditional kind of horseback archery competition


朱雀

ja-pos

朱(しゅ)雀(じゃく) • (Shujaku) ^(←しゆじやく (Syuzyaku)?)

朱雀 (canonical)
Shujaku (romanization)
Syuzyaku (romanization)
しゆじやく (hiragana historical)

(Chinese astronomy) general term for the seven mansions of the south in Chinese astronomy


白虎

白(びゃっ)虎(こ) • (Byakko) ^(←びやくこ (Byakuko)?)

白虎 (canonical)
Byakko (romanization)
Byakuko (romanization)
びやくこ (hiragana historical)

White Tiger, one of the Four Symbols in the Chinese constellations


白虎

白虎 (canonical)
Hakko (romanization)
Fakuko (romanization)
はくこ (hiragana historical)


十六夜薔薇

ja-noun

十六夜(いざよい)薔薇(ばら) or 十六夜薔薇(イザヨイバラ) • (izayoi bara)

十六夜薔薇 (canonical)
十六夜薔薇 (canonical)
izayoi bara (romanization)

Compound of 十六夜 (izayoi, “16th of the lunar month”) + 薔薇 (bara, “rose”).

compound

The chestnut or burr rose: a species of rose native to east Asia, Rosa roxburghii. Member of sub-genus Platyrhodon.


鳥貝

ja-noun

鳥(とり)貝(がい) or 鳥貝(トリガイ) • (torigai) ^(←とりがひ (torigafi)?)

鳥貝 (canonical)
鳥貝 (canonical)
torigai (romanization)
torigafi (romanization)
とりがひ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 鳥(とり) (tori, “bird”) + 貝(かい) (kai, “shellfish”). So called in part because the foot of the mollusc looks a bit like a bird's foot, and because the flavor is similar to chicken.

ja-compound

a Japanese cockle, an egg cockle: an edible marine bivalve mollusc of family Cardiidae, species Fulvia mutica


エジプシャンマウ

[e̞ʑipɯ̟̊ɕa̠m ma̠ɯ̟]


神木

Alternative spelling of 榊 (sakaki) as jukujikun (熟字訓), likely based on a partial decomposition of the 榊 character into its 神 and 木 components.


絵馬

絵馬 (canonical)
ema (romanization)
wema (romanization)
ゑま (hiragana historical)

(Shinto) an ema, a small wooden plaque on which Shinto worshippers write their prayers or wishes, usually with the picture of a horse on it


家兎

ja-noun

家(か)兎(と) or 家(いえ)兎(うさぎ) • (kato or ieusagi) ^(←いへうさぎ (ifeusagi)?)

家兎 (canonical)
家兎 (canonical)
kato (romanization)
ieusagi (romanization)
ifeusagi (romanization)
いへうさぎ (hiragana historical)

家 (ka, ie, “household”) + 兎 (to, usagi, “leporid”)


ピスタチオ

Borrowed from English pistachio, from Italian pistacchio

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:ピスタチオ


犬科

犬科 (canonical)
犬科 (canonical)
Inu-ka (romanization)

canids: イヌ科: 犬 · 狼 · 狐 · コヨーテ · ジャッカル [edit]


ジャッカル

[d͡ʑa̠k̚ka̠ɾɯ̟]

Borrowed from English jackal, from Turkish çakal, from Persian شغال (šağâl), from Sanskrit सृगाल (sṛgālá). Doublet of 射干 (yakan /やかん/, “a legendary evil beast similar to a fox”).


金色ジャッカル

ja-noun

金(きん)色(いろ)ジャッカル or 金色(キンイロ)ジャッカル • (kin'iro jakkaru)

金色ジャッカル (canonical)
金色ジャッカル (canonical)
kin'iro jakkaru (romanization)

金色 (kin'iro, “golden”) + ジャッカル (jakkaru, “jackal”)

com

ja:キンイロジャッカル


横筋ジャッカル

ja-noun

横(よこ)筋(すじ)ジャッカル or 横筋(ヨコスジ)ジャッカル • (yokosuji jakkaru)

横筋ジャッカル (canonical)
横筋ジャッカル (canonical)
yokosuji jakkaru (romanization)

横 (yoko, “sideways”) + 条 (suji, “stripe”) + ジャッカル (jakkaru, “jackal”)

com

ja:ヨコスジジャッカル


背黒ジャッカル

ja-noun

背(せ)黒(ぐろ)ジャッカル or 背黒(セグロ)ジャッカル • (seguro jakkaru)

背黒ジャッカル (canonical)
背黒ジャッカル (canonical)
seguro jakkaru (romanization)

背 (se, “back”) + 黒 (kuro, “black”) + ジャッカル (jakkaru, “jackal”)


アビシニアジャッカル

ja-noun

^アビシニア ジャッカル

アビシニア (Abishinia, “Abyssinia”) + ジャッカル (jakkaru, “jackal”)

com

ja:アビシニアジャッカル


藪雨

藪雨 (canonical)
藪雨 (canonical)
yabusame (romanization)

Asian stubtail, Urosphena squameiceps (a type of Old-World warbler)


紫苑

紫苑 (canonical)
shion (romanization)
siwon (romanization)
しをん (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 紫菀 (MC tsjeX 'jwonX). Compare modern Mandarin 紫菀 (zǐwǎn).


紫苑

紫苑 (canonical)
Shion (romanization)
Siwon (romanization)
しをん (hiragana historical)

紫苑色: a specific color coordination when wearing layered robe

usually with violet as one of the layers


紫苑

紫苑 (canonical)
shioni (romanization)
siwoni (romanization)
しをに (hiragana historical)

Alteration from shion, where the final moraic n changed to ni.
/ɕion/ → /ɕioni/


紫苑

紫苑 (canonical)
Shioni (romanization)
Siwoni (romanization)
しをに (hiragana historical)


紫苑

紫苑 (canonical)
Shien (romanization)
Siwen (romanization)
しゑん (hiragana historical)

Alteration from shion, using the kan'on reading of en for the second character. Less common.


サボテン

サボテン (canonical)
さぼてん (canonical)
saboten (romanization)

Unknown. Perhaps from Portuguese sabão (“soap”), possibly suffixed with 手 (te, “hand; helper; means of an action”), as cactus stems were used by the Portuguese to remove stains. If this derivation is correct, this would represent a sound shift of sabon te → saboten.
The kanji are orthographic borrowing from Chinese 仙人掌 (xiānrénzhǎng) and Chinese 霸王樹 /霸王树 (bàwángshù).
First cited to around 1764 as 仙人掌.

obor

ウチワサボテン

opuntia, prickly pear (literally, “hand-fan cactus”)

1986, Nakanishi Yasuo, Taniku shokubutsu [Succulent plants], page 98:

Many people say, “These are cactus, right.” Of course, the word cactus has been known for a long time, and succulent plants may be new to your ears. They are called both cactus and succulents.

「これはサボテンでしょう」と言われることが多い。確かにサボテンのほうが昔からよく知られ、多肉植物という名は耳新しく聞こえるかも知れない。サボテンと多肉植物と言い方がある。

多肉植物 たにくしょくぶつ

多肉植物 たにくしょくぶつ

“Kore wa saboten deshō” to iwareru koto ga ōi. Tashikani saboten no hō ga mukashi kara yoku shirare, taniku shokubutsu to iu mei wa mimi atarashiku kikoeru kamoshirenai. Saboten to taniku shokubutsu to ii kata ga aru.


シナ

シナ (canonical)
しな (canonical)
shina (romanization)

From Latin cina, variously given as short for Artemisia cina ("Chinese artemisia"), or Semen cina ("Chinese seed"). The kanji used are ateji.

Seriphidium cinum, syn. Artemisia cina: also known as santonica, Levant wormseed, and wormseed; an herbaceous perennial of the daisy family, historically used as a vermifugic anthelmintic (a drug to rid the body of parasitic worms)


小兎

Any of a species of small rabbit or hare.


桜木

[sa̠kɯ̟ɾa̠ɡʲi]

Compound of 桜 (sakura, “cherry, cherry tree”) + 木 (ki, “tree”). The ki changes to gi as an instance of rendaku (連濁)..
The term 桜 (sakura) on its own is ambiguous, and could be used to mean either the tree or the blossom. The addition of 木 (ki, “tree”) makes this distinction clear.

compound

Prunus subg. Cerasus
Prunus subg. Cerasus#Translingual

a sakura tree, the Japanese flowering cherry, Prunus serrulata, a species of subgenus Prunus subg. Cerasus, native to Japan, Korea, and China


桜草

ja-noun

桜(さくら)草(そう) or 桜草(サクラソウ) • (sakurasō) ^(←さくらさう (sakurasau)?)

桜草 (canonical)
桜草 (canonical)
sakurasō (romanization)
sakurasau (romanization)
さくらさう (hiragana historical)

Compound of 桜(さくら) (sakura, “cherry blossom”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass”).

ja-compound

a primrose, specifically the Japanese primrose, Primula sieboldii


ビーバー

ja-pos

ビーバー • (Bībā)

ja:ビーバー (曖昧さ回避)


サラブレッド

[sa̠ɾa̠bɯ̟ɾe̞d̚d̥o̞]

a thoroughbred (thoroughbred horse (breed))


甘蔗

Possibly a shift from kansha below, utilizing the 慣用読み (kan’yōyomi, “common-use reading”) of the kanji 蔗 (sho).

(possibly obsolete) Synonym of 砂糖黍 (satōkibi): sugar cane


甘蔗

(archaic, obsolete) Synonym of 砂糖黍 (satōkibi): sugar cane


猫耳

Compound of 猫 (neko, “cat”) + 耳 (mimi, “ear”).

猫耳をつけたまま電車に乗る

to board the train while still wearing cat ears

(neologism) Cat ears, as worn or possessed by a human or humanoid.


松露

ja-noun

松(しょう)露(ろ) or 松露(ショウロ) • (shōro)

松露 (canonical)
松露 (canonical)
shōro (romanization)

西洋松露

西洋松露 セイヨウショウロ


熊鷹

熊鷹 (canonical)
熊鷹 (canonical)
kumataka (romanization)

From 熊 (kuma, “bear”) + 鷹 (taka, “hawk”).

Nisaetus nipalensis
Nisaetus nipalensis#Translingual

a mountain hawk-eagle (Nisaetus nipalensis)


大木

大木 (canonical)
Ōki (romanization)
Ofoki (romanization)
おほき (hiragana historical)


木綿

木綿 (canonical)
木綿 (canonical)
kiwata (romanization)

Compound of 木 (ki, “tree”) + 綿 (wata, “batting”).

Bombax ceiba, a species of silk-cotton tree


木綿

/mokumen/ → */momːen/ → /momen/
Alteration of mokumen, itself derived from Middle Chinese elements 木 (moku, “tree”) + 綿 (men, “cotton”).

Short for 木綿糸 (momen ito): cotton thread

Short for 木綿織り (momen-ori): an object woven from cotton


木綿

木綿 (canonical)
yuu (romanization)
yufu (romanization)
ゆふ (hiragana historical)

/jupu/ → /jufu/ → */juwu/ → /juː/
From Old Japanese.
Possibly from the verb 結う (yuu, “to tie up”), from the way such strings are used to tie sakaki branches in Shinto rituals. Compare the development of 夕 (yū, “evening”).
The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), likely from the similar texture and consistency of cotton.

string made from the fibres of a paper mulberry bark


梔子

梔子 (canonical)
梔子 (canonical)
kuchinashi (romanization)

Possibly an extension of 口無し (kuchinashi, literally “without a mouth”), from the absence of the fruit's cleaves even when ripe.
The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 梔子 /栀子 (zhīzi).

obor

Gardenia jasminoides
Gardenia jasminoides#Translingual


獅子唐

English: shishito

獅子唐辛子 獅子唐辛子#Japanese

Short for 獅子唐辛子 (shishi tōgarashi, “a very hot Asian variety of green chili pepper”).


毛虫

毛虫 (canonical)
毛虫 (canonical)
kemushi (romanization)

その代り今年はこれと変った毛虫が非常に沢山に現われて来た。

1921, 寺田寅彦, 蜂が団子をこしらえる話

Instead we have seen the appearance of extremely many caterpillars different from this.

Sono kawari kotoshi wa kore to kawatta kemushi ga hijō ni takusan ni arawarete kita.


潜り

連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 潜る.

ja-etym-renyokei

潜りの医者


微塵子

ja-noun

微(み)塵(じん)子(こ) or 微塵子(ミジンコ) • (mijinko) ^(←みぢんこ (midinko) or ミヂンコ (midinko)?)

微塵子 (canonical)
微塵子 (canonical)
mijinko (romanization)
midinko (romanization)
みぢんこ (hiragana historical)
ミヂンコ (hiragana historical)

From 微塵 (mijin, “small fragment or piece”) + 子 (-ko, diminutive suffix).


お座り

The command "sit", or "be seated", used by dog owners and trainers for dogs


ブルーベリー

ja-noun

ブルーベリー • (burūberī)

[bɯ̟ɾɯ̟ːbe̞ɾʲiː]


大王烏賊

大(だい)王(おう)烏賊(いか) or 大王烏賊(ダイオウイカ) • (daiō ika) ^(←だいわういか (daiwau ika)?)

大王烏賊 (canonical)
大王烏賊 (canonical)
daiō ika (romanization)
daiwau ika (romanization)
だいわういか (hiragana historical)

From 大王 (daiō, “great king”) + 烏賊 (ika, “squid”).


鯨肉

[ɡe̞ːɲ̟ikɯ̟]

[kɯ̟ʑiɾa̠ɲ̟ikɯ̟]


鯨肉

鯨肉 (canonical)
kujiraniku (romanization)

[ɡe̞ːɲ̟ikɯ̟]

[kɯ̟ʑiɾa̠ɲ̟ikɯ̟]


哈密瓜

哈密瓜 (canonical)
哈密瓜 (canonical)
hamiuri (romanization)


三毛猫

三毛 (mike, “calico's fur”) + 猫 (neko, “cat”)


椿象

椿象 (canonical)
椿象 (canonical)
kamemushi (romanization)


黒貂

黒貂 (canonical)
黒貂 (canonical)
kuroten (romanization)

[kɯ̟ɾo̞tẽ̞ɴ]

Martes zibellina
Martes zibellina#Translingual


扁桃

ja-noun

扁(へん)桃(とう) or 扁桃(ヘントウ) • (hentō) ^(←へんたう (fentau)?)

扁桃 (canonical)
扁桃 (canonical)
hentō (romanization)
fentau (romanization)
へんたう (hiragana historical)

/pentau/ → /fentau/ → /hentau/ → /hentɔː/ → /hentoː/
From Middle Chinese compound 扁桃 (pen^X daw, literally “flat, thin + peach”), from the way the almond fruit resembles a flat, thin peach.
The modern sense of tonsil came about by contraction from the full term 扁桃腺 (hentōsen, literally “almond gland”).

扁桃肥大

扁桃肥大 へんとうひだい


煮頃鮒

煮(に)頃(ごろ)鮒(ぶな) or 煮頃鮒(ニゴロブナ) • (nigorobuna)

煮頃鮒 (canonical)
煮頃鮒 (canonical)
nigorobuna (romanization)

[ɲ̟iɡo̞ɾo̞bɯ̟na̠]

Originally a compound of 似 (ni, “resembles”) + 五郎鮒 (gorōbuna), short for 源五郎鮒 (gengorōbuna).
Variously spelled in kanji as 煮頃鮒 or 似五郎鮒. The 煮頃 spelling ("perfect doneness when boiling") for nigoro is likely ateji. Meanwhile, the 似五郎鮒 spelling points to the likely derivation: this spelling parses out to "resembling (gen)gorō-buna", and as the nigorobuna grows to sizes of 30cm or longer, it begins to resemble the 源五郎鮒 (gengorōbuna), a closely related species also endemic to the lake.

nigorobuna (Carassius auratus grandoculis), a type of 鮒 (funa, “crucian carp”), an edible freshwater ray-finned fish related to carp and goldfish, endemic to Lake Biwa in Japan


源五郎鮒

源(げん)五(ご)郎(ろう)鮒(ぶな) or 源五郎鮒(ゲンゴロウブナ) • (gengorōbuna) ^(←げんごらうぶな (gengoraubuna)?)

源五郎鮒 (canonical)
源五郎鮒 (canonical)
gengorōbuna (romanization)
gengoraubuna (romanization)
げんごらうぶな (hiragana historical)

[ɡẽ̞ŋɡo̞ɾo̞ːbɯ̟na̠]

Compound of 源五郎 (Gengorō, “Japanese diving beetle, Cybister chinensis”, also a male given name) + 鮒 (funa, “crucian carp”). The funa changes to buna as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The derivation is somewhat muddled.
* According to one theory, the Gengorō portion was the name of a fisherman who fished in Lake Biwa, and every morning, presented the best of his catch of funa to the local lord.
* In another theory, this term arose from a tale about a Lake Biwa fisherman named Gengorō, who fell in love with a noblewoman and arranged a secret meeting with her by hiding a note inside a gengorōbuna fish that he had caught and presented to her.
* The first portion is also the word for the Japanese diving beetle, possibly because the fish eats insects as part of its diet, or because of a superficial similarity in shape.

compound

Carassius cuvieri
Carassius cuvieri#Translingual

Japanese crucian carp
Japanese crucian carp

Carassius cuvieri the Japanese crucian carp or white crucian carp, a type of 鮒 (funa, “crucian carp”), an edible freshwater ray-finned fish related to carp and goldfish and endemic to Lake Biwa in Japan


西黒丸鴉

ja-noun

西(にし)黒(こく)丸(まる)鴉(がらす) or 西黒丸鴉(ニシコクマルガラス) • (nishikokumarugarasu)

西黒丸鴉 (canonical)
西黒丸鴉 (canonical)
nishikokumarugarasu (romanization)

Coloeus monedula
Coloeus monedula#Translingual


安康

安康 (canonical)
ankō (romanization)
ankau (romanization)
あんかう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 安康 (ʔan khang, literally “peace + tranquility”). Compare modern Chinese 安康 (ānkāng).

the state of being safe and sound, in tranquility and good health


十二単

十二単 (canonical)
jūni-hitoe (romanization)

[d͡ʑɨːɲ̟i çito̞e̞]

Compound of 十二 (jūni, “twelve”) + 単 (hitoe, “unlined or single-layer robe”).

compound

Ajuga nipponensis, a perennial plant in the mint family and native to Japan


猫鼬

猫鼬 (canonical)
nekoitachi (romanization)


パンダ

Borrowed from English panda, from French panda.

ja:パンダ (曖昧さ回避)


唐檜

ja-noun

唐(とう)檜(ひ) or 唐檜(トウヒ) • (tōhi) ^(←たうひ (taufi)?)

唐檜 (canonical)
唐檜 (canonical)
tōhi (romanization)
taufi (romanization)
たうひ (hiragana historical)

Hondo spruce, Picea jezoensis subsp. hondoensis


魚竜

→ Chinese: 魚龍 /鱼龙 (yúlóng)

→ Korean: 어룡 (eoryong)

From 魚 (gyo, “fish”) + 竜 (ryū, “dragon”), calque of New Latin ichthyosaurus, from Ancient Greek ἰχθῡ́ς (ikhthū́s, “fish”) + σαῦρος (saûros, “lizard”).


一角

一角 (canonical)
ikkaku (romanization)
一角 (canonical)
一角 (canonical)
ikkaku (romanization)


瘤牛

瘤牛 (canonical)
瘤牛 (canonical)
kobuushi (romanization)

[ko̞bɯ̟ɯ̟ɕi]

Compound of 瘤 (kobu, “hump”) + 牛 (ushi, “ox”).


縞馬

縞馬 (canonical)
縞馬 (canonical)
shimauma (romanization)

縞(しま) (shima, “stripe”) + 馬(うま) (uma, “horse”).


アードウルフ

[a̠ːdo̞ɯ̟ɾɯ̟ɸɯ̟]

Borrowed from English aardwolf, from Afrikaans aardwolf (literally “earth wolf”).


アビシニアン

[a̠bʲiɕiɲ̟iã̠ɴ]


鎖蛇

鎖蛇 (canonical)
鎖蛇 (canonical)
kusarihebi (romanization)

viper, general term for a snake in subfamily Viperinae


油虫

油虫 (canonical)
油虫 (canonical)
aburamushi (romanization)

[a̠bɯ̟ɾa̠mɯ̟ɕi]


始祖鳥

ja-noun

始(し)祖(そ)鳥(ちょう) • (shisochō) ^(←しそてう (sisoteu)?)

始祖鳥 (canonical)
shisochō (romanization)
sisoteu (romanization)
しそてう (hiragana historical)

[ɕi̥so̞t͡ɕo̞ː]

From 始祖 (shiso, “progenitor”) + 鳥 (chō, “bird”). Compare Chinese 始祖鳥 /始祖鸟 (shǐzǔniǎo, literally “progenitor bird”), Korean 시조새 (sijosae, literally “progenitor bird”), and German Urvogel (literally “proto-bird”).


北極狐

ja-noun

北(ほっ)極(きょく)狐(ぎつね) or 北極狐(ホッキョクギツネ) • (Hokkyokugitsune) ^(←ほくきよくぎつね (fokukyokugitune)?)

北極狐 (canonical)
北極狐 (canonical)
Hokkyokugitsune (romanization)
fokukyokugitune (romanization)
ほくきよくぎつね (hiragana historical)

From 北極(ほっきょく) (hokkyoku, “North Pole”) + 狐(きつね) (kitsune, “fox”). The kitsune changes to gitsune as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


アルマジロ

[a̠ɾɯ̟ma̠ʑiɾo̞]

1999 November 18, “ダイス・アルマジロ [Dice Armadillo]”, in Vol.6, Konami:

An armadillo that looks like a die when it curls up.

体を丸めると、サイコロのような形になるアルマジロ。

Karada o marumeru to, saikoro no yō na katachi ni naru arumajiro.


かんぱち

ja-noun

かんぱち or カンパチ • (kanpachi) ^(←かんぱち (kanpati)?)

かんぱち (canonical)
カンパチ (canonical)
kanpachi (romanization)
kanpati (romanization)
かんぱち (hiragana historical)


アルパカ

駱駝

一瘤駱駝 (hitokobu rakuda; ), 二瘤駱駝 (futakobu rakuda, )


藻類

藻類 (canonical)
sōrui (romanization)
saurui (romanization)
さうるい (hiragana historical)


白子

白子 (canonical)
白子 (canonical)
shirasu (romanization)

whitebait (young fish of certain species), especially the young of sardines

縮緬雑魚

縮緬雑魚 ちりめんじゃこ


アナコンダ

an anaconda (any of various large nonvenomous snake of the genus Eunectes)


はまだらか

はまだらか or ハマダラカ • (hamadaraka) ^(←はまだらか (famadaraka)?)

はまだらか (canonical)
ハマダラカ (canonical)
hamadaraka (romanization)
famadaraka (romanization)
はまだらか (hiragana historical)

From 羽(は) (ha) + 斑(まだら) (madara) + 蚊(か) (ka).


バオバブ

Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:バオバブ
ja:松村明


富士壺

富(ふ)士(じ)壺(つぼ) or 富士壺(フジツボ) • (fujitsubo)

富士壺 (canonical)
富士壺 (canonical)
fujitsubo (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟ʑit͡sɨbo̞]

Originally spelled 藤壺(ふぢつぼ) (fujitsubo), calque of Chinese 藤壺 /藤壶 (ténghú). The 富士(ふじ) (fuji) is an ateji emerged after the merger between じ and ぢ to .

barnacle, a marine crustacean of the suborder Balanomorpha


面梟

面(めん)梟(ふくろう) or 面梟(メンフクロウ) • (menfukurō) ^(←めんふくろふ (menfukurofu) or メンフクロフ (menfukurofu)?)

面梟 (canonical)
面梟 (canonical)
menfukurō (romanization)
menfukurofu (romanization)
めんふくろふ (hiragana historical)
メンフクロフ (hiragana historical)

[mẽ̞ɰ̃ɸɯ̟̊kɯ̟ɾo̞ː]

Blend of 仮面 (kamen, “mask”) + 梟 (fukurō, “Ural owl”)


バット

→ Korean: 빠따 (ppatta)


栴檀

栴檀 (canonical)
栴檀 (canonical)
sendan (romanization)

Melia azedarach
Melia azedarach#Translingual


花鶏

花鶏 (canonical)
花鶏 (canonical)
atori (romanization)

ja:アトリ ja:アトリ属 ja:アトリ科


南京虫

ja-noun

南(なん)京(きん)虫(むし) or 南京虫(ナンキンムシ) • (nankinmushi)

南京虫 (canonical)
南京虫 (canonical)
nankinmushi (romanization)

[nã̠ŋʲkʲĩmːɯ̟ɕi]

南京 (Nankin, “Nanjing”) + 虫 (mushi, “insect”)


子熊

From 子 (ko, “child”) + 熊 (kuma, “bear”).

1994 September 25, Fujiko F. Fujio, のび太(た)と夢(む)幻(げん)三(さん)剣(けん)士(し) [Nobita and the Three Fantasy Swordsmen] (大長編ドラえもん; 14), volume 14 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 66:

子ぐまがわなにかかってたのか。


野獣

野獣 (canonical)
yajū (romanization)
yaziu (romanization)
やじう (hiragana historical)

美女と野獣


白海豚

ja-noun

白(しろ)海豚(いるか) or 白海豚(シロイルカ) • (shiroiruka)

白海豚 (canonical)
白海豚 (canonical)
shiroiruka (romanization)

[ɕiɾo̞iɾɯ̟ka̠]

白 (shiro, “white”) + 海豚 (iruka, “dolphin”, jukujikun (熟字訓))

af

jukujikun (<i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">熟字訓</i>)


樺の木

樺の木 (canonical)
樺の木 (canonical)
kabanoki (romanization)


風鳥

ja-noun

風(ふう)鳥(ちょう) or 風鳥(フウチョウ) • (fūchō) ^(←ふうてう (fuuteu) or フウテウ (fuuteu)?)

風鳥 (canonical)
風鳥 (canonical)
fūchō (romanization)
fuuteu (romanization)
ふうてう (hiragana historical)
フウテウ (hiragana historical)

[ɸɯ̟ːt͡ɕo̞ː]

a bird of paradise, a bird in the family Paradisaeidae


金鳳花

金(きん)鳳(ぽう)花(げ) or 金鳳花(キンポウゲ) • (kinpōge)

金鳳花 (canonical)
金鳳花 (canonical)
kinpōge (romanization)

buttercup (herb of the genus Ranunculus)


藪犬

藪犬 (canonical)
藪犬 (canonical)
yabuinu (romanization)


丸花蜂

丸(まる)花(はな)蜂(ばち) or 丸花蜂(マルハナバチ) • (maruhanabachi)

丸花蜂 (canonical)
丸花蜂 (canonical)
maruhanabachi (romanization)


牛蛙

牛蛙 (canonical)
牛蛙 (canonical)
ushigaeru (romanization)

[ɯ̟ɕiɡa̠e̞ɾɯ̟]

牛(うし) (ushi, “bull; cow; or the like”) + 蛙(かえる) (kaeru, “frog”)

ja-compound

an American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus)


砂糖黍

ja-noun

砂(さ)糖(とう)黍(きび) or 砂糖黍(サトウキビ) • (satōkibi) ^(←さたうきび (sataukibi)?)

砂糖黍 (canonical)
砂糖黍 (canonical)
satōkibi (romanization)
sataukibi (romanization)
さたうきび (hiragana historical)

砂糖(さと) (sato, “sugar”) + 黍(きび) (kibi, “proso millet”)

ja-compound

Saccharum officinarum
Saccharum officinarum#Translingual

sugar cane, Saccharum officinarum (species of grass whose sap is a source of sugar)


バセンジー

[ba̠sẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑiː]


芽キャベツ

芽キャベツ (canonical)
芽キャベツ (canonical)
me-kyabetsu (romanization)

芽 (me, “sprout”) + キャベツ (kyabetsu, “cabbage”)


沈丁花

ja-noun

沈(じん)丁(ちょう)花(げ) or 沈丁花(ジンチョウゲ) • (jinchōge)

沈丁花 (canonical)
沈丁花 (canonical)
jinchōge (romanization)

[d͡ʑĩɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ːɡe̞]


沈丁花

沈(ちん)丁(ちょう)花(げ) or 沈丁花(チンチョウゲ) • (chinchōge)

沈丁花 (canonical)
沈丁花 (canonical)
chinchōge (romanization)

[t͡ɕĩɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ːɡe̞]


黒檀

黒檀 (canonical)
黒檀 (canonical)
kokutan (romanization)


黒鵐

黒鵐 (canonical)
黒鵐 (canonical)
kuroji (romanization)


青懸巣

青(あお)懸(かけ)巣(す) or 青懸巣(アオカケス) • (aokakesu) ^(←あをかけす (awokakesu)?)

青懸巣 (canonical)
青懸巣 (canonical)
aokakesu (romanization)
awokakesu (romanization)
あをかけす (hiragana historical)

青 (ao, “blue”) + 懸巣 (kakesu, “Eurasian jay”)


白長須鯨

ja-noun

白(しろ)長(なが)須(す)鯨(くじら) or 白長須鯨(シロナガスクジラ) • (shironagasukujira) ^(←しろながすくぢら (sironagasukudira) or シロナガスクヂラ (sironagasukudira)?)

白長須鯨 (canonical)
白長須鯨 (canonical)
shironagasukujira (romanization)
sironagasukudira (romanization)
しろながすくぢら (hiragana historical)
シロナガスクヂラ (hiragana historical)

[ɕiɾo̞na̠ɡa̠sɨ̥kɯ̟ʑiɾa̠]

Compound of 白(しろ) (shiro, “white”) + 長(なが)須(す)鯨(くじら) (nagasukujira, “fin whale”).


カシュー

ja-noun

カシュー • (kashū)


カーネーション

カーネーション • (kānēshon)

[ka̠ːne̞ːɕõ̞ɴ]

Borrowed from English carnation.
First attested in roughly 1905.

Dianthus caryophyllus
Dianthus caryophyllus#Translingual

carnation, clove pink (Dianthus caryophyllus)

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Dianthus caryophyllus
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:カーネーション


大鷭

大(おお)鷭(ばん) or 大鷭(オオバン) • (ōban) ^(←おほばん (ofoban)?)

大鷭 (canonical)
大鷭 (canonical)
ōban (romanization)
ofoban (romanization)
おほばん (hiragana historical)


莢隠元

莢隠元 (canonical)
sayaingen (romanization)

[sa̠ja̠ĩŋɡẽ̞ɴ]


繁縷

繁縷 (canonical)
繁縷 (canonical)
hakubera (romanization)

鶏腸草 一名蘩蔞_(蘇敬注云、是一物也、乗出此條) 一名𭣵䕅_(出尔雅) 和名波久倍良

c. 918, 深根輔仁 [Fukane Sukehito], 本草和名 [Japanese Names of Herbs, Honzō Wamyō]:

a flowering plant of genus Stellaria; chickweed


チャイブ

Allium schoenoprasum
Allium schoenoprasum#Translingual


クラミジア

Learned borrowing from New Latin Chlamydia


糸杉

Literally, “thread cypress”, 糸(いと) (ito, “thread”) + 杉(すぎ) (sugi, “cedar”)


シクラメン

[ɕi̥kɯ̟ɾa̠mẽ̞ɴ]

Learned borrowing from English cyclamen.


葛藤

From the tendency of the vines of 葛(かずら) (kazura, “creeper”) or 藤(ふじ) (fuji, “wisteria”) to become entangled.

2012-03-30, mothy [mothy] (lyrics and music), “針音ノ時計塔 [Handbeat Clocktower]”:

Time and conflict, they strongly etch onto my heart

Jikan to kattō o kokoro ni kizamitsukeru

時間と葛藤を心に刻みつける


葛藤

ja-noun

葛(つづら)藤(ふじ) or 葛藤(ツヅラフジ) • (tsuzurafuji)

葛藤 (canonical)
葛藤 (canonical)
tsuzurafuji (romanization)

Synonym of 大葛藤 (“Chinese moonseed, Sinomenium acutum”)


和布蕪

和布蕪(めかぶ) or 和布蕪(めかぶら) or 和布蕪(メカブ) • (mekabu or mekabura)

和布蕪 (canonical)
和布蕪 (canonical)
和布蕪 (canonical)
mekabu (romanization)
mekabura (romanization)
めかぶら (hiragana)

Unknown. Attested from at least the sixteenth century. Compare 蕪(かぶ) (kabu, “turnip”) or 鏑(かぶら) (kabura, “turnip-shaped whistle”). Kokugo Dai Jiten notes a suggestion from Nippo Jisho (1603) that me refers to seaweed, but compare also 芽(め) (me, “sprout; bud”). See also 和布(わかめ) (wakame).


鬼天竺鼠

ja-noun

鬼(おに)天(てん)竺(じく)鼠(ねずみ) or 鬼天竺鼠(オニテンジクネズミ) • (onitenjikunezumi)

鬼天竺鼠 (canonical)
鬼天竺鼠 (canonical)
onitenjikunezumi (romanization)

Compound of 鬼(おに) (oni, “ghost”) + 天竺鼠(てんじくねずみ) (tenjikunezumi, “guinea pig”)

ja-compound

Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris
Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris#Translingual


カピバラ

Internationalism, ultimately from Spanish capibara, from Portuguese capivara, from Old Tupi kapi'iûara; see English capybara.


ココ椰子

ココ椰子 (canonical)
ココ椰子 (canonical)
kokoyashi (romanization)


苧環

苧環 (canonical)
苧環 (canonical)
odamaki (romanization)

西洋苧環

西洋苧環 セイヨウオダマキ

(wagashi) sweet made of red-bean paste wrapped in 求肥飴 (gyūhiame)


飛魚

Compound of 飛(と)び (tobi, “flying”, the stem or continuative form of verb 飛ぶ (tobu, “to fly”)) + 魚(うお) (uo, “fish”).

the stem or continuative form of verb <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">飛ぶ</i> (tobu, “to fly”)


飛魚

Unknown. Alternate name for tobiuo above. Dialect word, used in areas around Kyūshū and the Sea of Japan.

(dialectal, Kyūshū, Sea of Japan) a flying fish


横這い

leaf-hopper, an insect in the family Cicadellidae


タイム

映画鑑賞タイム


仏の座

ja-noun

仏(ほとけ)の座(ざ) or 仏(ホトケ)の座(ザ) • (hotoke no za)

仏の座 (canonical)
仏の座 (canonical)
hotoke no za (romanization)


御形

御形 (canonical)
gogyō (romanization)
gogyau (romanization)
ごぎやう (hiragana historical)


ぺんぺん草

ぺんぺん草 (canonical)
ぺんぺん草 (canonical)
penpengusa (romanization)

[pẽ̞mpẽ̞ŋɡɯ̟sa̠]

From ぺんぺん (penpen, onomatopoeia for a shamisen strumming) + 草 (kusa, “grass”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The penpen comes from the appearance of the seed vessel akin to a shamisen's 撥 (bachi, “plectrum”).

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Capsella bursa-pastoris
Capsella bursa-pastoris#Translingual

Synonym of 薺 (nazuna): the shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris

ぺんぺん草が生える

grow shepherd's purses [in abandoned places] → be dilapidate


女郎花

ja-noun

女郎花(おみなえし) or 女郎花(オミナエシ) or 女郎花(おみなべし) or 女郎花(オミナベシ) • (ominaeshi or ominabeshi) ^(←をみなへし (wominafesi) or ヲミナヘシ (wominafesi) or をみなべし (wominabesi) or ヲミナベシ (wominabesi)?)

女郎花 (canonical)
女郎花 (canonical)
女郎花 (canonical)
女郎花 (canonical)
ominaeshi (romanization)
ominabeshi (romanization)
wominafesi (romanization)
wominabesi (romanization)
をみなへし (hiragana historical)
ヲミナヘシ (hiragana historical)
をみなべし (hiragana historical)
ヲミナベシ (hiragana historical)

⟨womi₁na pe₁si⟩ → */womʲinapʲesi/ → /wominafeɕi/ → /wominaweɕi/ → /ominaeɕi/
From Old Japanese.
Possibly a compound of Old Japanese elements 女 (⟨womi₁na⟩ → omina, “young woman”) + 圧し (⟨pe₁si⟩ → heshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of archaic verb 圧す (hesu), “to dent, force, push”).

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娘子部四咲澤二生流花勝見都毛不知戀裳摺可聞

ominaeshi Saki-sawa ni ouru hana katsumi katsute mo shiranu koi mo suru ka mo

(poetic) allusion to 佐紀 (Saki, a placename)


藤袴

ja-noun

藤(ふじ)袴(ばかま) or 藤袴(フジバカマ) • (fujibakama) ^(←ふぢばかま (fudibakama) or フヂバカマ (fudibakama)?)

藤袴 (canonical)
藤袴 (canonical)
fujibakama (romanization)
fudibakama (romanization)
ふぢばかま (hiragana historical)
フヂバカマ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 藤(ふじ) (fuji, “wisteria”) + 袴(はかま) (hakama, “traditional Japanese trousers, leafsheath”).
The hakama changes to bakama as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Eupatorium fortunei
Eupatorium japonicum
ja:フジバカマ

蘭 兼名苑云、蘭、音蘭 二字舊無、一名薫音恵、本草 布知波加麻、新撰万葉集別用藤袴二字

Orchid: The Concurrent Names Garden calls them orchids, (pronounced ran) two characters 舊無, one name is 'perfume' (pronounced e), the Materia Medica [calls] them fujibakama, the New Selections of the Manyōshū separately uses the two characters 藤袴

Eupatorium fortunei
Eupatorium fortunei#Translingual

Eupatorium fortunei or Eupatorium japonicum, species of boneset

Alternate name for 菊 (kiku, “chrysanthemum”)

a style of layering garments, with both outer and inner layer being light purple


百足

[ça̠kɯ̟so̞kɯ̟]

From Middle Chinese 百足 (MC paek tsjowk).


芋貝

芋貝 (canonical)
芋貝 (canonical)
imogai (romanization)


軍配団扇

軍配団扇 (canonical)
gunbai uchiwa (romanization)

[ɡɯ̟̃mba̠i ɯ̟t͡ɕiβ̞a̠]

Compound of 軍配(ぐんばい) (gunbai, “army signalling”) + 団扇(うちわ) (uchiwa, “rigid Japanese hand fan”).

Thlaspi arvense
Thlaspi arvense#Translingual

Synonym of 軍配薺 (gunbai nazuna, “field pennycress, Thlaspi arvense”)


鎧通し

鎧通し (canonical)
yoroidōshi (romanization)

Compound of 鎧(よろい) (yoroi, “armor”) + 通(とう)し (tōshi, “passing one thing through another”). The tōshi changes to dōshi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

(weaponry) a straight and stout short sword or dagger used for thrusting, intended to pierce armor

Synonym of 目木 (megi, “Japanese barberry, Berberis thunbergii”)


騎手

騎 (ki, “animal riding”) + 手 (-shu, “-ist; -er”)

suf

a jockey (one who rides racehorses competitively)


孵す

ja-verb

孵(かえ)す • (kaesu) ^(←かへす (kafesu)?)transitive godan (stem 孵(かえ)し (kaeshi), past 孵(かえ)した (kaeshita))

孵す (canonical)
kaesu (romanization)
kafesu (romanization)
孵し (stem)
孵した (past)
孵さ
かえさ
kaesa
孵し
かえし
kaeshi
孵す
かえす
kaesu
孵せ
かえせ
kaese
孵される (passive)
かえされる (passive)
kaesareru (passive)
孵させる (causative)
孵さす (causative)
かえさせる (causative)
かえさす (causative)
kaesaseru (causative)
kaesasu (causative)
孵せる (potential)
かえせる (potential)
kaeseru (potential)
孵そう (volitional)
かえそう (volitional)
kaesō (volitional)
孵さない (negative)
かえさない (negative)
kaesanai (negative)
孵さず (continuative negative)
かえさず (continuative negative)
kaesazu (continuative negative)
孵します (formal)
かえします (formal)
kaeshimasu (formal)
孵した (perfective)
かえした (perfective)
kaeshita (perfective)
孵して (conjunctive)
かえして (conjunctive)
kaeshite (conjunctive)
孵せば (conditional hypothetical)
かえせば (conditional hypothetical)
kaeseba (conditional hypothetical)


マンクス

[mã̠ŋkɯ̟̊sɨ]


ダービー

ja-noun

ダービー • (dābī)


ロットワイラー

[ɾo̞t̚to̞β̞a̠iɾa̠ː]