米

Second grade kyōiku kanji (romanization)


大豆

大豆 (canonical)
daizu (romanization)
daidu (romanization)
だいづ (hiragana historical)

大豆蛋白

大豆蛋白 だいずたんぱく


卵

From 玉 (tama, “ball”) + 子 (ko, “child, small thing”). The ko reading for 子 changes to go as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

com

1999 September 23, “ウィング・エッグ・エルフ [Wing Egg Elf]”, in Vol.5, Konami:

An angel sheltered inside an eggshell. It fends off attacks with its massive wings.

たまごのカラに身を包む天使。大きな羽で攻撃を防ぐ。

Tamago no kara ni mi o tsutsumu tenshi. Ōki na hane de kōgeki o fusegu.

2000 July 13, “ドラゴン・エッガー [Dragon Egger]”, in Pharaoh’s Servant －ファラオのしもべ－, Konami:

A dragon who shelters in an eggshell. Never mistake him for a literal baby!

卵のカラをかぶっているドラゴン。子供と間違えると痛い目にあうぞ！

Tamago no kara o kabutte iru doragon. Kodomo to machigaeru to itaime ni au zo!

2003 July 17, “ジェノサイドキングサーモン [Genocide King Salmon]”, in 暗黒の侵略者 [Invader of Darkness], Konami:

A giant salmon worst feared in the Dark Sea. Its roe is best known as the ultimate delicacy of the Dark World.

暗黒海の主として恐れられている巨大なシャケ。その卵は暗黒界一の美味として知られている。

Ankokukai no nushi to shite osorerarete iru kyodai na shake. Sono tamago wa Ankokukaīchi no bimi to shiteshirarete iru.


李

李 (canonical)
李 (canonical)
sumomo (romanization)

Compound of 酸 (su, “vinegar; sour”) + 桃 (momo, “peach”).


李

李 (canonical)
李 (canonical)
Ri (romanization)
李 (canonical)
李 (canonical)
Rī (romanization)
李 (canonical)
李 (canonical)
I (romanization)

Japanese reading of the South Korean surname


杓

杓 (canonical)
杓 (canonical)
shaku (romanization)

Anthriscus sylvestris
Anthriscus sylvestris#Translingual


柿

柿 (canonical)
柿 (canonical)
kaki (romanization)

→ Arabic: كَاكِي (kākī)

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: caqui, cáqui, caquí (1931 spelling)
Hunsrik: Kacki

→ Catalan: caqui

→ English: kaki

→ German: Kaki

→ Indonesian: kaki

→ Italian: cachi

Early Modern Japanese
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

From Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 770 CE.
Further derivation uncertain. Possibilities include:
: /kakayaki/ → */kakyaki/ → */kakaki/ → */kakki/ → /kaki/
:* From 輝き (kakayaki), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of Early Modern Japanese verb 輝く (kakayaku, “to shine dazzingly”, obsolete), modern kagayaku.
: /kataki/ → /kaki/
:* From 硬き (kataki), the classical 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of modern 硬い (katai, “hard (not soft)”), from the hardness of the unripened fruit.
: /akaki/ → /kaki/
:* From 赤き (akaki), the classical 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of modern 赤い (akai, “red”), from the color of the ripened fruit.
:* From 赤黄 (akaki, “red-yellow”), from the color of the ripened fruit.
:* From 赤木 (akaki, “red tree”), from the color of the foliage in autumn.
While at least one reference considers the akaki derivation more likely, this kind of phonological shift, wherein the first vowel disappears, is not a common pattern in attested Japanese. That said, the kakayaki and kataki derivations are also problematic, considering the lack of any evidence for intermediary forms.

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Short for 柿色 (kakiiro). a yellowish-red color, like the fruit of the Japanese persimmon


桃

桃 (canonical)
桃 (canonical)
momo (romanization)

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>? Ainu: モマ (moma, “Japanese peach, Japanese apricot”)

Heian period
Nara period
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki
Yayoi period

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *momo. Mentioned in the Nihon Shoki of 720.
Brought to Japan in antiquity, with pits found in prehistoric sites from the Yayoi period, 300 BCE - 300 CE. Mentioned as a food in documents from the Nara and Heian periods.
Ultimate derivation unknown. Theories include the following.
* Possibly derived originally from a reduplication of 実 (Old Japanese mu, modern Japanese mi, “fruit”), from the way that peaches often grow in clusters. However, the vowel shift seems unlikely given regular Japanese phonetic shifts. In addition, most reduplicated terms in Japanese have the 頭高型 (atamadaka-gata) pitch accent pattern, starting high and falling, which differs from the 平板型 (heiban-gata) pitch accent pattern of this term.
* Possibly cognate with Old Japanese 百 (momo, “hundred; lots”). However, this also has the 頭高型 (atamadaka-gata) pitch accent pattern.
* Possibly a reduplication of 毛 (mo, “hair”), from the way that peaches are hairy. The term is spelled as 毛毛 in some ancient documents. However, 毛 was commonly used as man'yōgana for its phonetic value, in which cases its original Chinese meaning of hair is usually ignored.
None of the above possibilities seems very compelling. Given the archaeological evidence, this term probably originated before the Japanese ancestor population migrated to the Japanese archipelago.
Possibly related to 梅 (ancient mume, modern ume, “Japanese apricot, Japanese plum”).

桃尻: → from the way that the end of a peach is often pointy

and thus difficult to place stably: somebody who is bad at horse-riding

桃割れ: → a hairstyle of Meiji and Taisho era

featuring a bun resembling a halved peach

桃栗三年柿八年: “peach and chestnut take three years [to bear fruit]

persimmons take eight” → it often takes time to bear the fruit of one's actions


桜

桜 (canonical)
ō (romanization)
au (romanization)
あう (hiragana historical)

/au/ → /ɔː/ → /oː/
From Middle Chinese 櫻 (MC 'eang).

サクラメント サクラメント#Japanese

(US) Short for サクラメント／桜府 (Sakuramento, “Sacramento (a city in California, United States)”).


梅

梅 (canonical)
梅 (canonical)
ume (romanization)

English: ume

Daijisen
Heian period
Kyūjitai
Shinjitai
Tōkyō
ja:松村明
Ōsaka

⟨me₂⟩ → */mːəɨ/ → *⟨mume₂⟩ → ⟨ume₂⟩ → */uməɨ/ → /ume/
From Old Japanese.
Probably ultimately from Middle Chinese 梅 (MC mwoj), with the borrowed me reading gaining a pronounced kind of initial m- sound, perhaps realized as *mme. The phonetic spelling was often rendered as むめ (*mme, mume) from the Heian period, with *mme/mume and ume apparently existing in free variation. The reading eventually settled on うめ (ume). Compare the similar pattern of phonetic shift for 馬 (ma → *mma → muma → uma, “horse”), likely from Middle Chinese 馬 (MC maeX).


梅

→ Translingual: mume

Heian period
Kyūjitai
Shinjitai
Tōkyō
Ōsaka

⟨me₂⟩ → */mːəɨ/ → *⟨mume₂⟩ → /mume/
Possibly from Old Japanese.
This reading becomes common during the Heian period, later falling into disuse.
Superseded by the ume reading above.

(archaic, obsolete) the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume


梅

From a later borrowing of Middle Chinese 梅 (MC mwoj).

(usually in Chinese contexts) the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume


梅

Short for 梅雨 (baiu): East Asian rainy season


梨

Fourth grade kyōiku kanji (romanization)


梨

梨 (canonical)
梨 (canonical)
nashi (romanization)

Pyrus pyrifolia
Yamanashi prefecture
ja:ナシ

From Old Japanese, attested already in the Man'yōshū. Further derivation unclear.

梨子地, 梨地

nashiji, a lacquer technique using gold or silver powder or flakes

Pyrus pyrifolia
Pyrus pyrifolia#Translingual

more specifically, a Japanese pear or Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)


梨

From Middle Chinese 梨 (MC lij). Compare modern Mandarin 梨 (lí).

梨園

the theatrical world, the world of the theater


樺

樺 (canonical)
樺 (canonical)
kaba (romanization)

Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Wamyō Ruijushō
ja:カバノキ属

A shift from kaniwa below.
First appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.


樺

樺 (canonical)
樺 (canonical)
kanba (romanization)


樺

樺 (canonical)
kaniwa (romanization)
kanifa (romanization)
かには (hiragana historical)

John Batchelor (missionary)
Kōjien
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Sakhalin Ainu language
Shinmura Izuru
Wamyō Ruijushō

⟨kanipa⟩ → /kaniɸa/ → /kaniwa/
From Old Japanese 樺 (kanipa, “sakura, sakura bark”), from Ainu カリンパ (karinpa, “sakura, sakura bark”).
Found in the Man'yōshū (book 6), completed some time after 759 CE, in sense 1. Sense 2 appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.
Compare Sakhalin Ainu カリムバニ (karimba-ni, “cherry tree; Prunus pseudocerasus”) and カリムバタツ (karimba-tat, “Betula Maximowicziana”).

der

(obsolete) Japanese bird cherry (Prunus grayana) or its bark


橙

橙 (canonical)
橙 (canonical)
daidai (romanization)

Thought to be derived from 代代 (daidai, “many generations”), from the way bitter orange fruits never fall down, even in winter, until picked.

Citrus × aurantium
Citrus × aurantium#Translingual

(by extension) Short for 橙色 (daidai-iro): the color orange


粟

粟 (canonical)
粟 (canonical)
awa (romanization)
afa (romanization)
あは (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE. From Proto-Japonic *apa (“millet”). Cognate with Okinawan 粟 (ā), Miyako 粟 (ā), and Yaeyama 粟 (ā).


糯

grains which are highly sticky when cooked due to containing little or no amylose


艾

艾髪

the hair of an old person, an old person


芋

From 芋虫(いもむし) (imomushi), from a player character's resemblance to a caterpillar once moving while prone.

first-person shooting
first-person shooter

(video games) camper, a person who stays in one spot in a first-person shooting game


苺

苺 (canonical)
苺 (canonical)
ichigo (romanization)

Nihon Shoki
Shinsen Jikyō
Wamyō Ruijushō

⟨i ti pi₁ko₁⟩ → /itibʲikʷo/ → */itimiko/ → */itĩɡo/ → /it͡siɡo/ → /it͡ɕiɡo/
First attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE).
Shift from Old Japanese 蓬蔂 (itibiko → ichibiko), attested earlier in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE) and the Shinsen Jikyō (c. 900 CE), itself a compound of 斎 (i-, prefix expressing sacredness) + 血 (chi, “blood”) + 彦 (hiko, “boy, prince”).

com

a strawberry (plant of genus Fragaria, or its fruit)


莧

莧 (canonical)
莧 (canonical)
hiyu (romanization)

Amaranthus tricolor
Amaranthus tricolor#Translingual

Amaranthus tricolor var. mangostanus#Translingual

Amaranthus tricolor (Joseph's coat); tampala, specifically Amaranthus tricolor var. mangostanus


菘

菘 (canonical)
suzuna (romanization)
すずな (hiragana historical)

Compound of 鈴 (suzu, “bell”) + 菜 (na, “greens”).


蒜

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *peru (“garlic”). First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.


蕪

聖護院蕪菁

聖護院蕪菁 しょうごいんかぶら

天王寺蕪

天王寺蕪 てんのうじかぶら


蘭

蘭 (canonical)
蘭 (canonical)
araragi (romanization)

[a̠ɾa̠ɾa̠ɡʲi]

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).
Any further derivation is unclear. Speculative possibilities include:
* The initial ara- may be cognate with 荒い (arai, “rough; wild”). The final -ragi is unknown, however.
* Alternatively, the initial arara- may be cognate with 荒らか (araraka, “rough; wild”). The final -gi may be cognate with 木 (ki, “tree”), perhaps in reference to the way the plant's stalk rises straight and tall.

蘭蒚 養生秘要云、蘭蒚草、蒚音隔、和名阿良々歧

(archaic) Synonym of 野蒜 (nobiru): Allium macrostemon, a species of wild onion


辻

辻 (canonical)
tsuji (romanization)
tuzi (romanization)
つじ (hiragana historical)

Daijisen
Extended shinjitai
Kyūjitai
Shinjitai
ja:松村明

/tumuzi/ → */tuːzi/ → /t͡suʑi/
Shift from tsumuji (see below).

Short for 辻総 (tsujibusa): (dated, equestrianism) a decoration attached to the martingale


雪

⟨yuki₁⟩ → */jukʲi/ → /juki/
From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.
Also found once in the Man'yōshū in a so-called 東歌 (Azuma uta, literally “eastern song”) in the eastern dialect of Old Japanese, realized as ⟨yo₂ki₁⟩.
Reconstructed by some as deriving from Proto-Japonic *yoki.

白栲の

shirotae no, pillow word that can allude to yuki

久方の

hisakata no, another pillow word that can allude to yuki


鞦

Dated form of 尻繋.


韮

韮 (canonical)
韮 (canonical)
nira (romanization)

Allium tuberosum
Allium tuberosum#Translingual


黍

黍 (canonical)
黍 (canonical)
kibi (romanization)

Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru

/kimi/ → /kibi/
Shift from earlier kimi.
First cited to a text from 1241.

Panicum miliaceum
Panicum miliaceum#Translingual

common or proso millet, Panicum miliaceum

Synonym of 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi): corn, maize


黍

⟨ki₁mi₁⟩ → */kʲimʲi/ → /kimi/
From Old Japanese.
The proso millet was introduced to Japan in the Yayoi period.

Shōsōin, text available online here:
小豆二升〈十八文〉伎美二升〈百←十二文〉
Two masu of adzuki beans (18 coins); two masu of millet (100 ← 12 coins)
[Note: The arrow is not included in the Jidai-betsu Kokugo Daijiten citation.]

(obsolete) the common or proso millet, Panicum miliaceum

(obsolete) Synonym of 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi): corn, maize


煙草

煙草 (canonical)
ensō (romanization)
ensau (romanization)
えんさう (hiragana historical)


タバコ

タバコ (canonical)
たばこ (canonical)
tabako (romanization)

→ Early Modern Korean: 담파고 (tamphakwo)

→ Ainu: タンパク (tampaku)

ja:たばこ ja:タバコ


飛び子

From 飛魚(トビウオ) (tobiuo), flying fish) + 子 (child)


西瓜

ja-noun

西(すい)瓜(か) or 西瓜(スイカ) • (suika) ^(←すいくわ (suikwa)?)

西瓜 (canonical)
西瓜 (canonical)
suika (romanization)
suikwa (romanization)
すいくわ (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 西瓜 (MC sej kwae, literally “west melon”). Compare modern Mandarin 西瓜 (xīguā, “watermelon”). Sui is the 唐音 (tōon) of 西. There is an alternative spelling of 水瓜, which may be seen as both ateji and a calque of English watermelon.
Various Japanese references indicate that the fruit was imported from China in the early Edo period in the 1600s. However, the word is first attested in Japanese in a text from the 1360s, suggesting that the fruit was originally imported earlier, but did not become more widely known until the 1600s.

ltc-l

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Edo period
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru
ja:西瓜

西瓜糖

watermelon sugar, sugar made by concentrating watermelon juice

西瓜割り

a traditional Japanese game that involves splitting a watermelon with a stick whilst blindfolded


大蒜

ja-noun

大(おお)蒜(びる) • (ōbiru) ^(←おほびる (ofobiru)?)

大蒜 (canonical)
ōbiru (romanization)
ofobiru (romanization)
おほびる (hiragana historical)


バナナ

バナナ or バナヽ or ばなな • (banana) (counter 本)

バナナ (canonical)
バナヽ (canonical)
ばなな (canonical)
banana (romanization)
本 (counter)


茄子

茄子 (canonical)
茄子 (canonical)
nasu (romanization)

/nasubi/ → */nasubʉ/*/nasumɨ/ → /nasumʉ/ → /nasuː/ → /nasu/
First attested in the late 1400s, originally a nyōbō kotoba term.
Shift from nasubi below.

Solanum melongena
Solanum melongena#Translingual

Solanum melongena, the eggplant or aubergine


茄子

茄子 (canonical)
茄子 (canonical)
nasubi (romanization)

親の意見と茄子の花は千に一つも無駄はない

oya no iken to nasubi no hana wa sen ni hitotsu mo muda wa nai

First attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE).
Various theories exist regarding the ultimate derivation:
* Shift from a compound of なす (nasu, “to become”, transitive) + 実 (mi, “fruit”)
* Same as above, but with the なす part being a loanword or substrate word of Kra-Dai or Austronesian origin, compare Wu 落蘇 /落苏 (⁸loq-su₁), Teochew 落蘇 /落苏 (lag⁸ sou¹), Zhuang lwggwz and Paiwan [Term?] (lasaras)
* Shift from 夏の実 (natsu no mi, literally “summer fruit”).
Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 茄子 (qiézi).

珊瑚樹茄子

珊瑚樹茄子 さんごじゅなす

(archaic) Solanum melongena, the eggplant or aubergine

a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with designs of eggplant fruits, flowers, and leaves


柚子

yuzu or Japanese citron, a citrus fruit similar to a grapefruit, Citrus junos


卵白

[ɾã̠mpa̠kɯ̟]


もく

(The following entry is uncreated: 黙.)
Reversal of くも (kumo, “cloud”), from the way cigarette smoke looks like clouds.


苹果

苹果 (canonical)
heika (romanization)
feikwa (romanization)
へいくわ (hiragana historical)


苹果

ja-noun

苹(ひょう)果(か) • (hyōka) ^(←ひやうくわ (fyaukwa)?)

苹果 (canonical)
hyōka (romanization)
fyaukwa (romanization)
ひやうくわ (hiragana historical)


果物

Literally “tree's thing”. Originally a compound of 木 (ku, “tree”, shift from ancient ko pronunciation) + だ (da, possessive marker between two nouns, only found in a few compounds) + 物 (mono, “thing”).
The medial da is also seen in 獣 (kedamono, “beast”, literally “hairy thing”). The kanji is jukujikun (熟字訓).

compound

edible fruit that grows on trees or shrubs, such as oranges and apples, or sweet edible fruit that grows along the ground, such as strawberries and melons

果物急ぎ: the act of often taking something from a selection of fruit

other sweets put out at a social gathering

a person who is quick to take items from such a selection


果物

ja-noun

果(か)物(ぶつ) • (kabutsu) ^(←くわぶつ (kwabutu)?)

果物 (canonical)
kabutsu (romanization)
kwabutu (romanization)
くわぶつ (hiragana historical)

/kwabut͡su/ → /kabut͡su/
Possibly from Middle Chinese compound 果物 (*kuɑ *miuət, literally “fruit thing”). Compare modern Mandarin 果物 reading guǒwù (rare), Cantonese gwo² mat⁶ (rare).
Rarely used in modern Japanese.


苦蓬

苦蓬 (canonical)
苦蓬 (canonical)
nigayomogi (romanization)

苦(にが) (niga, “bitter”) + 蓬(よもぎ) (yomogi, “mugwort”)

ja-compound

Artemisia absinthium
Artemisia absinthium#Translingual

absinthium, common wormwood, Artemisia absinthium


イクラ

→ Indonesian: ikura

Borrowed from Russian икра́ (ikrá, “fish eggs, caviar”).
First cited in Japanese in 1928. Appears to have displaced older 鮞 (hararago, “roe, particularly salmon roe”).
May have first been used as a caviar replacement by Russian soldiers during the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05). Introduced to the Japanese market in the mid-1920s at the start of the Shōwa era as a kind of カビア (kabia), the older form of modern キャビア (kyabia, “caviar”).

bor+

salmon roe, salmon eggs (generally refers to roe removed from the ovary)

Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Russo-Japanese War
Shōwa (1926–1989)


高粱

ja-noun

高(こう)粱(りょう) • (kōryō)

コーリャン コーリャン#Japanese

Alternative form of コーリャン (kōryan, “kaoliang”)


大根

On'yomi form of the native Japanese word 大根(おおね) (ōne).

ja-r

大根(おおね) (ōne)

daikon, a large white variety of radish native to East Asia


人参

ja-noun

人(にん)参(じん) or 人参(ニンジン) • (ninjin) (counter 本)

人参 (canonical)
人参 (canonical)
ninjin (romanization)
本 (counter)

[ɲ̟ĩɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]

From Chinese 人參 /人参 (rénshēn, “ginseng”).

高麗人参

高麗人参 コウライニンジン

竹節人参

竹節人参 チクセツニンジン

朝鮮人参

朝鮮人参 チョウセンニンジン

釣鐘人参

釣鐘人参 ツリガネニンジン

松葉人参

松葉人参 マツバニンジン

Daucus carota ssp. sativus
Wikispecies:Daucus carota ssp. sativus


林檎

林檎 (canonical)
林檎 (canonical)
ringo (romanization)

→ Ainu: リンゴ

→ Hakka: 林檎 (lin-ngò)

→ Marshallese: diin̄ko

→ Min Nan: 林檎 (lìn-gò)

/rimʉɡomʉ/ → /riŋɡõː/ → /riŋɡo/
From Middle Chinese 林檎 (MC lim gim).
Originally referred to the Chinese pearleaf crabapple (Malus asiatica) imported from China, it has expanded to mean any apple of the Malus genus.
First cited in 918 in the 本草和名 (Honzō Wamyō, “Japanese names for medicinal plants”).

よく林檎の審査通ったなこれ。

I can't believe this has passed Apple's censorship.

(slang) the company Apple Inc. or its products


蜜柑

Probably from Middle Chinese 蜜柑 (MC mjit kam, literally “honey + citrus”). Compare modern Mandarin reading mìgān.
Obsolete reading.

ltc-l

Citrus unshiu
Citrus unshiu#Translingual

(obsolete) a satsuma tree, a mikan tree: a particular variety of mandarin orange, Citrus unshiu (fruit)

(obsolete) a satsuma (fruit), a mikan: a particular variety of mandarin orange, Citrus unshiu (fruit)


蜜柑

蜜柑 (canonical)
蜜柑 (canonical)
mikan (romanization)

→ Jeju: 미깡 (mikkang)

/mikkan/ → /mikan/
Shift in pronunciation from mikkan above. This change occurred sometime after the 1603 publication of the Japanese-Portuguese Nippo Jisho, which still lists the reading as mikkan.


トマト

→ Amis: tomato


アボカド

From English avocado, from Spanish aguacate.


乾燥野菜

ja-noun

乾(かん)燥(そう)野(や)菜(さい) • (kansōyasai) ^(←かんさうやさい (kansauyasai)?)

乾燥野菜 (canonical)
kansōyasai (romanization)
kansauyasai (romanization)
かんさうやさい (hiragana historical)

From 乾(かん)燥(そう) (kansō, “dehydration”) + 野(や)菜(さい) (yasai, “vegetable”).


枝豆

→ English: edamame

→ German: Edamame

→ Indonesian: edamame

Literally, “stem beans”, 枝(えだ) (eda, “branch, stem”) + 豆(まめ) (mame, “bean”)


小麦

小麦 (canonical)
小麦 (canonical)
komugi (romanization)


大麦

ja-noun

大(おお)麦(むぎ) or 大麦(オオムギ) • (ōmugi) ^(←おほむぎ (ofomugi) or オホムギ (ofomugi)?)

大麦 (canonical)
大麦 (canonical)
ōmugi (romanization)
ofomugi (romanization)
おほむぎ (hiragana historical)
オホムギ (hiragana historical)


牛蒡

牛(ご)蒡(ぼう) or 牛蒡(ゴボウ) • (gobō) ^(←ごばう (gobau)?)

牛蒡 (canonical)
牛蒡 (canonical)
gobō (romanization)
gobau (romanization)
ごばう (hiragana historical)

Iroha Jiruishō
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:ゴボウ

Certainly from Middle Chinese 牛蒡 (MC ngjuw pangX), but with a shift from the expected go-on reading of *guhō (or with rendaku as *gubō); compare Korean 우엉 (ueong).
First cited to the Iroha Jiruishō (1177-1181).

Abbreviation of 牛蒡注連 (gobōjime, “a type of 注連縄 (shimenawa) that is bundled with straw and tied like a burdock used for celebrations such as New Years or Shinto shrines”).


白菜

白菜 (canonical)
白菜 (canonical)
hakusai (romanization)


玉葱

玉葱 (canonical)
玉葱 (canonical)
tamanegi (romanization)

→ Amis: tamaniki

→ Korean: 다마네기 (damanegi)


ほうれん草

ほうれん草(そう) or ほうれん草(ソウ) • (hōrensō)

ほうれん草 (canonical)
ほうれん草 (canonical)
hōrensō (romanization)


胡瓜

Probably a compound of 側(そば) (soba, “side”) + 瓜(うり) (uri, “gourd”).


山芋

Compound of 山(やま) (yama, “mountain”) + 芋(いも) (imo, “tuber, potato”).


ズッキーニ

[d͡zɨk̚ʲkʲiːɲ̟i]

Borrowed from American English zucchini, from Italian zucchini.


ピーマン

ja-noun

ピーマン • (pīman)

Bell pepper
Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru
ja:ピーマン

Borrowed from French piment (“chili pepper”).
First cited to 1961.


オクラ

オクラ (canonical)
おくら (canonical)
okura (romanization)

Borrowed from English okra. Sometimes mistaken as a native word.

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus#Translingual

okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), used as vegetable


生姜

ja-noun

生(しょう)姜(きょう) • (shōkyō)

生姜末

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

Zingiber officinale
Zingiber officinale#Translingual

(alternative medicine, herbs) ginger root (rhizome of Zingiber officinale used as herbal medicine)


チェリー

チェリー • (cherī)

cherry (fruit) (mostly used for non-Japanese cherries)


石榴

石榴 (canonical)
石榴 (canonical)
zakuro (romanization)

Iran
Pomegranate
Zagros Mountains
ja:古今和歌六帖
ja:石榴

From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Compare modern Wu reading zaq lieu, Hakka sa̍k-liù.
The zakuro reading is irregular. This may represent a shift in pronunciation from an older borrowing: compare the expected goon reading jakuru. Alternatively, this reading may reflect an ancient sound borrowing, indicating the Zagros Mountains of modern-day Iran, where the pomegranate was originally cultivated.
The spelling 柘榴 is attested in 747 CE. The zakuro reading is attested to at least the late 900s in the 古今和歌六帖 (Kokin Waka Rokujō, “Six Volumes of Waka Poetry of Ancient and Modern Times”).

ltc-l

石榴口

a low door used in bathhouses during the Edo period

石榴鼻

a red swollen nose, often seen on alcoholics


石榴

[d͡ʑa̠kɯ̟ɾo̞]

From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Uses the regular goon reading of jaku for the first character, and the irregular ro reading for the second character instead of the expected goon reading of ru.
The jakuro reading is attested from the mid-1400s. While rare and missing from some dictionaries, this reading is attested more recently in a text from the 1960s.


石榴

ja-noun

石(せき)榴(りゅう) • (sekiryū) ^(←せきりう (sekiriu)?)

石榴 (canonical)
sekiryū (romanization)
sekiriu (romanization)
せきりう (hiragana historical)

[se̞kʲiɾʲɨː]

/sekiriu/ → /sekirjuː/
From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Uses the regular kanon reading of both characters.
The sekiriu reading is attested from the mid-1400s.

石榴子: garnet

gemstone; less common reading than zakuro-ishi above

石榴皮

dried pomegranate, both seed and skin, used as a treatment for tapeworm


葡萄

葡(ぶ)萄(どう) or 葡萄(ブドウ) • (budō) ^(←ぶだう (budau)?)

葡萄 (canonical)
葡萄 (canonical)
budō (romanization)
budau (romanization)
ぶだう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 葡萄 (buo-dâu) (compare modern Mandarin pútáo), from Bactrian *bādāwa (“wine”).

焦性葡萄酸

焦性葡萄酸 しょうせいぶどうさん

葡萄球菌

葡萄球菌 ぶどうきゅうきん

葡萄栽培

葡萄栽培 ぶどうさいばい


パイナップル

→ Yami: pinapo


バジル

Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum basilicum#Translingual


花薄荷

花(はな)薄(はっ)荷(か) or 花薄荷(ハナハッカ) • (hanahakka)

花薄荷 (canonical)
花薄荷 (canonical)
hanahakka (romanization)

From 花 (hana, “flower”) + 薄荷 (hakka, “mint”).


アニス

Pimpinella anisum
Pimpinella anisum#Translingual


玉ねぎ

玉ねぎ (canonical)
玉ねぎ (canonical)
tamanegi (romanization)

From 玉葱, from 玉 (“ball”) + ねぎ (“scallion, green onion”), literally “ball scallion”.
Note that in Japanese, 葱 (green onion) is the more basic term from which “onion” is derived, while in English it is the reverse – “onion” is basic, while “green onion” is derived from it, reflecting the different importance in cuisine (葱 is more basic to Japanese cuisine, onion is more basic to English cuisine).


カリフラワー

[ka̠ɾʲiɸɯ̟ɾa̠β̞a̠ː]


鶏卵

From 鶏 (kei, “chicken”) + 卵 (ran, “egg”).


卵黄

ja-noun

卵(らん)黄(おう) • (ran'ō) ^(←らんわう (ran'wau)?)

卵黄 (canonical)
ran'ō (romanization)
ran'wau (romanization)
らんわう (hiragana historical)


ライチ

Ultimately from Cantonese 荔枝 (lai6 zi1), probably via English lychee.


キーウィ

キーウィ • (kīwi)

ja:キーウィ
ja:キーウィ (鳥)


マンゴー

マンゴー • (mangō)

Borrowed from English mango, from Portuguese manga, from Malay mangga, from Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy) from மா (mā, “mango species”) + காய் (kāy, “unripe fruit”).
The kanji form 芒果 is phonetic ateji from Chinese 芒果 (mángguǒ).

der

Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy)


ベリー

ja-noun

ベリー • (berī)


馬鈴薯

[ba̠ɾe̞ːɕo̞]

It has been suggested that 馬鈴 (barei) may be an ateji for Malay, but the earliest attestation in Japanese sources is found in Tetsuen Shōtoku (耋筵小牘, 1808) where the Japanese herbalist Ono Ranzan (小野蘭山) clearly indicates that the term is taken from a Chinese source, the Gazetteer of Songxi County (松溪縣志, 1700). However, the Chinese term should refer to air potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) instead of potato, as it is desribed as a tree climber with blackish tubers tasting bitterish. The name is probably an allusion to the way the bulbils of air potato look like bells used in the tack for horses. Ono Ranzan misapplied the name to potato, and this altered denotation, in spite of strong criticisms from the botanist Makino Tomitaro (牧野富太郎), prevailed over the original meaning (Xiang, 2018).

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum#Translingual

馬鈴薯澱粉

馬鈴薯澱粉 ばれいしょでんぷん


桜ん坊

桜(さくら)ん坊(ぼう) or 桜(さくら)ん坊(ぼ) or 桜(サクラ)ん坊(ボ) • (sakuranbō or sakuranbo) ^(←さくらんばう (sakuranbau)?)

桜ん坊 (canonical)
桜ん坊 (canonical)
桜ん坊 (canonical)
sakuranbō (romanization)
sakuranbo (romanization)
sakuranbau (romanization)
さくらんばう (hiragana historical)

[sa̠kɯ̟ɾã̠mbo̞ː]

/sakuranbau/ → /sakuranbɔː/ → /sakuranboː/
Etymology unclear. Leading theories include:
* Compound of 桜 (sakura, “cherry, cherry tree”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 坊 (bō, “boy, monk”, in reference to the tradition of shaven heads, indicating the smooth skin of the cherry fruit)
* Compound of 桜 (sakura, “cherry, cherry tree”) + 桃 (momo, “peach”, in reference to fruit in general; with a phonetic shift from /m/ to /b/ and shift from /bobo/ to /boː/)
Given the historical reading of sakuranbau, matching the historical bau reading of 坊, the initial derivation seems more likely.
The sakuranbō represents a regular historical shift from older sakuranbau. Sakuranbō with the long ō has been somewhat superseded in modern Japanese by the shortened reading sakuranbo.
The alternative 桜桃 spelling is an example of jukujikun, from Middle Chinese 櫻桃 (ʔˠɛŋ dɑu).

affix

(fruit) cherry (mostly used for Japanese cherries)


楊梅

Morella rubra
Morella rubra#Translingual

Myrica rubra (⇒ Morella rubra); yangmei, Japanese bayberry; Chinese bayberry


枸杞

枸杞 (canonical)
枸杞 (canonical)
kuko (romanization)


蘿蔔

蘿蔔 (canonical)
rafuku (romanization)
らふく (hiragana historical)


枇杷

ja-noun

枇(び)杷(わ) or 枇杷(ビワ) • (biwa) ^(←びは (bifa)?)

枇杷 (canonical)
枇杷 (canonical)
biwa (romanization)
bifa (romanization)
びは (hiragana historical)

Eriobotrya japonica
Eriobotrya japonica#Translingual


青菜

青菜 (canonical)
aona (romanization)
awona (romanization)
あをな (hiragana historical)


南瓜

南瓜 (canonical)
南瓜 (canonical)
kabocha (romanization)

From Portuguese Camboja (“Cambodia”). The kanji is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 南瓜 (nánguā). Doublet of カンボジア.


フルーツ

[ɸɯ̟ɾɯ̟ːt͡sɨ]


高麗

Goguryeo
Koma clan
Man'yōshū
ja:高麗 (曖昧さ回避)

⟨ko₂ma⟩ → */koma/ → /koma/
From Old Japanese. As phonetic evidence, appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.
May be a Baekje ethnonym.
Alternatively, may be a Goguryeo word or name, given the history of the Koma clan, Goguryeo migrants to Eastern Honshū during the 660s.

a compound of 高麗 + 作り

Goryeo; Korea; foreign lands; making; made thing

(historical) a county in Saitama Prefecture (originally settled in the mid-600s CE by immigrants from the Korean Peninsula; abolished as an administrative entity in 1896)


益母草

益(やく)母(も)草(そう) or 益母草(ヤクモソウ) • (yakumosō)

益母草 (canonical)
益母草 (canonical)
yakumosō (romanization)

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried Leonurus japonicus used in medicine


金柑

金柑 (canonical)
金柑 (canonical)
kinkan (romanization)


銀杏

銀杏(いちょう) or 銀杏(イチョウ) • (ichō) ^(←いちやう (ityau) or イチヤウ (ityau)?)

銀杏 (canonical)
銀杏 (canonical)
ichō (romanization)
ityau (romanization)
いちやう (hiragana historical)
イチヤウ (hiragana historical)

Edo period
Ginkgo biloba
Muromachi period
historical kana orthography
ja:イチョウ

/it͡ɕijau/ → /it͡ɕjɔː/ → /it͡ɕoː/
Borrowing from Chinese 鴨腳 /鸭脚 (yājiǎo, “ginkgo”) around the Muromachi period.
There is an Edo-period folk etymology that the original derivation was 一葉 (ichiyō, literally “a single leaf”), but from the historical kana usage, 一葉 would be read as いちえふ (ichi-efu) → いてふ (itefu), instead of いちやう (i-chau).
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).

Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba#Translingual

Short for 銀杏頭 (ichō-gashira): an Edo-period hairstyle, with the topknot in the shape of a ginkgo leaf, today usually associated with higher-ranked sumo wrestlers

銀杏頭

a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with a motif of various styles of gingko leaves


銀杏

Attested around the mid-12th century.
Borrowing from Middle Chinese 銀杏 (MC ngin haengX), utilizing the 唐音 (tō'on, “Tang sound”) of 杏 (an), as in 杏子 (anzu, “apricot”).
The an changes to nan as an instance of renjō (連声).


銀杏

ja-noun

銀(ぎん)杏(きょう) • (ginkyō) ^(←ぎんきやう (ginkyau)?)

銀杏 (canonical)
ginkyō (romanization)
ginkyau (romanization)
ぎんきやう (hiragana historical)

→ Translingual: Ginkgo

→ English: ginkgo

[ɡʲĩŋʲkʲo̞ː]

Borrowing from Middle Chinese 銀杏 (MC ngin haengX), utilizing the 慣用音 (kan'yō-on, “Customary sound”) of 杏 (kyō), as in 杏仁 (kyōnin, “apricot seed”).


無花果

無花果(いちじく) • (ichijiku) ^(←いちぢく (itidiku)?)

無花果 (canonical)
ichijiku (romanization)
itidiku (romanization)
いちぢく (hiragana historical)

The kanji spelling 無 (“no”) + 花 (“flower”) + 果 (“fruit”) is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), to denote a tree that bears fruit without flowering. The いちじく (ichijiku) reading is possibly a Japanese corruption of Middle Chinese 映日果 (ʔˠiæŋᴴ ȵiɪt̚ kuɑ^X, “fig”), itself a transcription of Persian انجیر (anjir, “fig”) + 果 (kuɑ^X).

der

ʔˠiæŋᴴ ȵiɪt̚ kuɑ^X


無花果

ja-noun

無(む)花(か)果(か) • (mukaka) ^(←むくわくわ (mukwakwa)?)

無花果 (canonical)
mukaka (romanization)
mukwakwa (romanization)
むくわくわ (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 無花果 (mɨo hˠua kuɑ^X).


茴香

茴(うい)香(きょう) or 茴香(ウイキョウ) • (uikyō) ^(←ういきやう (uikyau)?)

茴香 (canonical)
茴香 (canonical)
uikyō (romanization)
uikyau (romanization)
ういきやう (hiragana historical)

八角茴香

八角茴香 はっかくういきょう


小豆

小豆(あずき) or 小豆(アズキ) • (azuki) ^(←あづき (aduki) or アヅキ (aduki)?)

小豆 (canonical)
小豆 (canonical)
azuki (romanization)
aduki (romanization)
あづき (hiragana historical)
アヅキ (hiragana historical)

→ English: adzuki, azuki

→ Indonesian: azuki

⟨aduki₁⟩ → /adukʲi/ → /ad͡ʑuki/ → /aʑuki/
From Old Japanese. Further derivation unknown.
The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun. The characters literally mean “small bean”.
Appears to be identical to Ainu antuki (“azuki bean”), which may be a borrowing. However, the direction of borrowing is uncertain.

Vigna angularis
Vigna angularis#Translingual


小豆

小豆 (canonical)
Azuki (romanization)
Aduki (romanization)
あづき (hiragana historical)


小豆

小豆 (canonical)
shōzu (romanization)
seudu (romanization)
せうづ (hiragana historical)


卵殻

[ɾã̠ŋka̠kɯ̟]


卵殻

卵殻 (canonical)
tamagogara (romanization)


薄荷

薄(はっ)荷(か) or 薄荷(ハッカ) • (hakka) ^(←はくか (fakuka) or ハクカ (fakuka)?)

薄荷 (canonical)
薄荷 (canonical)
hakka (romanization)
fakuka (romanization)
はくか (hiragana historical)
ハクカ (hiragana historical)

Short for 日本薄荷 (Nihon hakka, “Japanese mint”).


南京

南京 (canonical)
南京 (canonical)
Nankin (romanization)

Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)
ja:南京

Borrowed from English Nanking, from the Nanking court dialect Mandarin 南京 (Nánjīng), from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/.

Nanjing (a major city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China)


禁断の木の実

禁(きん)断(だん)の木(こ)の実(み) • (kindan no konomi)

禁断の木の実 (canonical)
kindan no konomi (romanization)

From 禁断 (kindan, “forbidden”) + の (no, attributive particle) + 木の実 (konomi, “fruit”).

af

禁断の果実 禁断の果実#Japanese

(biblical) Synonym of 禁断の果実 (kindan no kajitsu, “forbidden fruit”)


木瓜

木瓜 (canonical)
木瓜 (canonical)
boke (romanization)
もけ (alternative hiragana)
moke (Rōmaji)
ぼっか (alternative hiragana)
bokka (Rōmaji)
ぼくくわ (hiragana historical)


木瓜

木瓜 (canonical)
mokka (romanization)
mokukwa (romanization)
もくくわ (hiragana historical)

Pseudocydonia sinensis
Pseudocydonia sinensis#Translingual

(traditional Chinese medicine) fruit of Chaenomeles speciosa or Pseudocydonia sinensis


木瓜

木瓜 (canonical)
mokkō (romanization)
mokukau (romanization)
もこう (alternative hiragana)
mokō (Rōmaji)
もかう (hiragana historical)
もくかう (hiragana historical)


唐辛子

ja-noun

唐(とう)辛(がら)子(し) or 唐辛子(トウガラシ) • (tōgarashi)

唐辛子 (canonical)
唐辛子 (canonical)
tōgarashi (romanization)

[to̞ːɡa̠ɾa̠ɕi]

七味唐辛子

七味唐辛子 しちみとうがらし


オムレツ

[o̞mɯ̟ɾe̞t͡sɨ]

omelette (usually folded in half with or without stuffing).


砂糖大根

砂(さ)糖(とう)大(だい)根(こん) or 砂糖大根(サトウダイコン) • (satō daikon) ^(←さたうだいこん (satau daikon)?)

砂糖大根 (canonical)
砂糖大根 (canonical)
satō daikon (romanization)
satau daikon (romanization)
さたうだいこん (hiragana historical)


紫檀

紫檀 (canonical)
紫檀 (canonical)
shitan (romanization)

rosewood, general term for red-hued hardwoods in genus Dalbergia


玄米

発芽玄米

発芽玄米 はつがげんまい


慈姑

慈姑(くわい) or 慈姑(クワイ) • (kuwai) ^(←くわゐ (kwawi)?)

慈姑 (canonical)
慈姑 (canonical)
kuwai (romanization)
kwawi (romanization)
くわゐ (hiragana historical)

Unknown. One theory suggests that this is an alteration from 川芋 (kawa imo, “river tuber”), but the old kana spelling of くわゐ (kuwawi) for 慈姑 does not match the old kana spelling of かはうも (kafaumo) for 川芋. This is more likely a compound of 鍬 (kuwa, “plow”), from the shape of the leaves, plus an unknown element ゐ (wi).
The kanji are an orthographic borrowing from Chinese name for this plant.

arrowhead, Sagittaria trifolia var. edulis, cultivated since ancient times for its edible bulb


丹参

丹参 (canonical)
丹参 (canonical)
tanjin (romanization)


独活

独活 (canonical)
独活 (canonical)
udo (romanization)


独活

独(どっ)活(かつ) • (dokkatsu) ^(←どくくわつ (dokukwatu)?)

独活 (canonical)
dokkatsu (romanization)
dokukwatu (romanization)
どくくわつ (hiragana historical)

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried root of Japanese spikenard used in medicine


独活

独活 (canonical)
tsuchitara (romanization)


姜黄

姜(きょう)黄(おう) or 姜黄(キョウオウ) • (kyōō) ^(←きやうわう (kyauwau)?)

姜黄 (canonical)
姜黄 (canonical)
kyōō (romanization)
kyauwau (romanization)
きやうわう (hiragana historical)

(traditional Chinese medicine) rhizome of Curcuma aromatica used in medicine


香薷

香薷 (canonical)
kōju (romanization)
kauzyu (romanization)
かうじゅ (hiragana historical)

薙刀香薷

薙刀香薷 なぎなたこうじゅ

Synonym of 薙刀香薷 (naginata kōju, “Vietnamese balm, Elsholtzia ciliata”)

薙刀香薷

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried Vietnamese balm flower stems


白芷

白芷 (canonical)
白芷 (canonical)
byakushi (romanization)

Angelica dahurica
Angelica dahurica#Translingual

(traditional Chinese medicine) root of Angelica dahurica used in traditional Chinese medicine


柴胡

白山柴胡

白山柴胡 はくさんさいこ


夏枯草

(archaic) Synonym of 靫草 (utsubogusa, “common self-heal, Prunella vulgaris subsp. asiatica”)


牽牛子

(traditional Chinese medicine) morning glory seeds, used in medicine


胡桃

胡桃 (canonical)
胡桃 (canonical)
kurumi (romanization)


舎利

Borrowed from Literary Chinese 舍利, from Sanskrit शरीर (śarīra, “body”).


甜瓜

Variant form of 真桑瓜. The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), derived from the Chinese name for melons.


油桃

油桃 (canonical)
油桃 (canonical)
aburamomo (romanization)


杏子

杏子 (canonical)
杏子 (canonical)
anzu (romanization)

→ Translingual: ansu

From a dialect of Chinese 杏子 (xìngzi), compare Cantonese 杏子 (hang⁶ zi²).

Prunus armeniaca
Prunus armeniaca#Translingual

an apricot, especially the Armenian plum, Prunus armeniaca


豌豆

麝香豌豆

麝香豌豆 じゃこうえんどう


マンゴスチン

[mã̠ŋɡo̞sɨ̥t͡ɕĩɴ]

Borrowed from English mangosteen. First cited to a work from 1920-1921.


紫蘇

紫蘇 (canonical)
紫蘇 (canonical)
shiso (romanization)

紫(し) (shi, “purple”) + 蘇(そ) (so, “perilla”)

ja-compound

荏胡麻

perilla, Perilla frutescens var. frutescens


ユズ

ユズ (canonical)
ゆず (canonical)
yuzu (romanization)


苦瓜

苦瓜 (canonical)
苦瓜 (canonical)
nigauri (romanization)
にがごい (alternative hiragana)
nigagoi (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)
にがごり (alternative hiragana)
nigagori (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)

[ɲ̟iɡa̠ɯ̟ɾʲi]


香菜

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 香菜 (xiāngcài)


アップル

[a̠p̚pɯ̟ɾɯ̟]


冬瓜

ja-noun

冬(とう)瓜(がん) or 冬瓜(トウガン) • (tōgan)

冬瓜 (canonical)
冬瓜 (canonical)
tōgan (romanization)

winter melon, Benincasa pruriens f. hispida


オムライス

→ English: omurice

→ Korean: 오므라이스 (omeuraiseu)

Blend of オムレツ (omuretsu, “omelette”) + ライス (raisu, “rice”).

blend

omurice: an omelette filled with fried rice, topped with ketchup


生薑

ja-noun

生(しょう)薑(きょう) • (shōkyō)

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried ginger root (rhizome of Zingiber officinale used as herbal medicine)


落花生

落(らっ)花(か)生(せい) or 落花生(ラッカセイ) • (rakkasei) ^(←らくくわせい (rakukwasei)?)

落花生 (canonical)
落花生 (canonical)
rakkasei (romanization)
rakukwasei (romanization)
らくくわせい (hiragana historical)


芭蕉

芭(ば)蕉(しょう) or 芭蕉(バショウ) • (bashō) ^(←ばせう (baseu) or バセウ (baseu)?)

芭蕉 (canonical)
芭蕉 (canonical)
bashō (romanization)
baseu (romanization)
ばせう (hiragana historical)
バセウ (hiragana historical)

/baseu/ → /baɕeu/ → /baɕoː/
Possibly from Middle Chinese 芭蕉 (MC pae tsjew).
Written as はせを (pasewo → hasewo → haseo) in older texts.

Short for 芭蕉梶木 (bashō kajiki): Indo-Pacific sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus)


芭蕉

芭蕉 (canonical)
Bashō (romanization)
Baseu (romanization)
ばせう (hiragana historical)

Short for 松尾芭蕉 (Matsuo Bashō): Edo-period haikai and haiku poet


鳳梨

From written Chinese 鳳梨 (fènglí).
First attested in Japanese in 1876. Apparently the fruit was first cultivated in Japan in 1830, with records from 1845 of the Dutch importing pineapples via Nagasaki.
The reading is the expected Japanese on'yomi (kan'on) for the Chinese spelling. Compare the modern Cantonese reading fung⁶ lei⁴, or Min Nan hōng-lâi.

(archaic) pineapple, both the fruit and the plant

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Pineapple
Shinmura Izuru
ja:成美堂出版
ja:鳳梨


白木

白木 (canonical)
白木 (canonical)
shiraki (romanization)

Literally, “white tree”, 白(しら) (shira, “white”) + 木(き) (ki, “tree”)

ja-compound

Clipping of 白木弓 (shiraki yumi, “unlacquered bow”).


亜麻

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum#Translingual


鬱金

鬱金 (canonical)
鬱金 (canonical)
ukon (romanization)

/uk̚koɴ/ → /ukoɴ/
Shift from ukkon below.

Curcuma longa
Curcuma longa#Translingual

a dye extracted from the rhizome of the turmeric

(traditional Chinese medicine) rhizome of Curcuma longa used in medicine


鬱金

鬱金 (canonical)
鬱金 (canonical)
ukkon (romanization)

/utɨ komʉ/ → /uk̚komʉ/ → /uk̚koɴ/
From Middle Chinese 鬱金 (MC 'jut kim).


水菓子

水菓子 (canonical)
mizugashi (romanization)


ジャガイモ

ja-noun

ジャガイモ or じゃがいも • (jagaimo)

ジャガイモ (canonical)
じゃがいも (canonical)
jagaimo (romanization)

Clipped compound of ジャガタラ (jagatara) + 芋 (imo, “potato”).
ジャガタラ is a corruption of Dutch Djakarta, from Indonesian Jakarta.
The potato was first introduced to Japan via the Dutch East Indies, hence the Jakarta connection.

ジャガ芋: the potato, Solanum tuberosum: the plant or its edible tuber


桃李

桃李 (canonical)
tōri (romanization)
tauri (romanization)
たうり (hiragana historical)


馬術

Origin unclear. Possibly borrowed from Middle Chinese 馬術 (mˠa^X ʑiuɪt̚, literally “horse + technique”); compare Min Nan reading bé-su̍t.
Alternatively, a Japanese coinage as a compound of Chinese-derived elements 馬 (ba, “horse”) + 術 (jutsu, “technique”).

compound

equestrianism, equestrian skills, horsemanship

流鏑馬

a traditional kind of horseback archery competition


朱雀

ja-pos

朱(しゅ)雀(じゃく) • (Shujaku) ^(←しゆじやく (Syuzyaku)?)

朱雀 (canonical)
Shujaku (romanization)
Syuzyaku (romanization)
しゆじやく (hiragana historical)

(Chinese astronomy) general term for the seven mansions of the south in Chinese astronomy


ピスタチオ

Borrowed from English pistachio, from Italian pistacchio

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:ピスタチオ


シナ

シナ (canonical)
しな (canonical)
shina (romanization)

From Latin cina, variously given as short for Artemisia cina ("Chinese artemisia"), or Semen cina ("Chinese seed"). The kanji used are ateji.

Seriphidium cinum, syn. Artemisia cina: also known as santonica, Levant wormseed, and wormseed; an herbaceous perennial of the daisy family, historically used as a vermifugic anthelmintic (a drug to rid the body of parasitic worms)


桜木

[sa̠kɯ̟ɾa̠ɡʲi]

Compound of 桜 (sakura, “cherry, cherry tree”) + 木 (ki, “tree”). The ki changes to gi as an instance of rendaku (連濁)..
The term 桜 (sakura) on its own is ambiguous, and could be used to mean either the tree or the blossom. The addition of 木 (ki, “tree”) makes this distinction clear.

compound

Prunus subg. Cerasus
Prunus subg. Cerasus#Translingual

a sakura tree, the Japanese flowering cherry, Prunus serrulata, a species of subgenus Prunus subg. Cerasus, native to Japan, Korea, and China


獅子唐

English: shishito

獅子唐辛子 獅子唐辛子#Japanese

Short for 獅子唐辛子 (shishi tōgarashi, “a very hot Asian variety of green chili pepper”).


ブルーベリー

ja-noun

ブルーベリー • (burūberī)

[bɯ̟ɾɯ̟ːbe̞ɾʲiː]


扁桃

扁(へん)桃(とう) or 扁桃(ヘントウ) • (hentō) ^(←へんたう (fentau)?)

扁桃 (canonical)
扁桃 (canonical)
hentō (romanization)
fentau (romanization)
へんたう (hiragana historical)

/pentau/ → /fentau/ → /hentau/ → /hentɔː/ → /hentoː/
From Middle Chinese compound 扁桃 (pen^X daw, literally “flat, thin + peach”), from the way the almond fruit resembles a flat, thin peach.
The modern sense of tonsil came about by contraction from the full term 扁桃腺 (hentōsen, literally “almond gland”).

扁桃肥大

扁桃肥大 へんとうひだい


十二単

十二単 (canonical)
jūni-hitoe (romanization)

[d͡ʑɨːɲ̟i çito̞e̞]

Compound of 十二 (jūni, “twelve”) + 単 (hitoe, “unlined or single-layer robe”).

compound

Ajuga nipponensis, a perennial plant in the mint family and native to Japan


芽キャベツ

芽キャベツ (canonical)
芽キャベツ (canonical)
me-kyabetsu (romanization)

芽 (me, “sprout”) + キャベツ (kyabetsu, “cabbage”)


チャイブ

Allium schoenoprasum
Allium schoenoprasum#Translingual


タイム

映画鑑賞タイム


仏の座

ja-noun

仏(ほとけ)の座(ざ) or 仏(ホトケ)の座(ザ) • (hotoke no za)

仏の座 (canonical)
仏の座 (canonical)
hotoke no za (romanization)


騎手

騎 (ki, “animal riding”) + 手 (-shu, “-ist; -er”)

suf

a jockey (one who rides racehorses competitively)


孵す

ja-verb

孵(かえ)す • (kaesu) ^(←かへす (kafesu)?)transitive godan (stem 孵(かえ)し (kaeshi), past 孵(かえ)した (kaeshita))

孵す (canonical)
kaesu (romanization)
kafesu (romanization)
孵し (stem)
孵した (past)
孵さ
かえさ
kaesa
孵し
かえし
kaeshi
孵す
かえす
kaesu
孵せ
かえせ
kaese
孵される (passive)
かえされる (passive)
kaesareru (passive)
孵させる (causative)
孵さす (causative)
かえさせる (causative)
かえさす (causative)
kaesaseru (causative)
kaesasu (causative)
孵せる (potential)
かえせる (potential)
kaeseru (potential)
孵そう (volitional)
かえそう (volitional)
kaesō (volitional)
孵さない (negative)
かえさない (negative)
kaesanai (negative)
孵さず (continuative negative)
かえさず (continuative negative)
kaesazu (continuative negative)
孵します (formal)
かえします (formal)
kaeshimasu (formal)
孵した (perfective)
かえした (perfective)
kaeshita (perfective)
孵して (conjunctive)
かえして (conjunctive)
kaeshite (conjunctive)
孵せば (conditional hypothetical)
かえせば (conditional hypothetical)
kaeseba (conditional hypothetical)


ダービー

ja-noun

ダービー • (dābī)


山桃

山桃 (canonical)
山桃 (canonical)
yamamomo (romanization)

From 山 (yama, “mountain”) + 桃 (momo, “peach”).


ダート

ja-noun

ダート • (dāto)

ダートコース ダートコース#Japanese

(horse racing) Clipping of ダートコース (dāto kōsu, “dirt course”).


食糧

食(しょく)糧(りょう) • (shokuryō) ^(←しょくりやう (syokuryau)?)

食糧 (canonical)
shokuryō (romanization)
syokuryau (romanization)
しょくりやう (hiragana historical)

[ɕo̞kɯ̟ɾʲo̞ː]

(military) provisions of rice or wheat on a military campaign


ベジタブル

[be̞ʑita̠bɯ̟ɾɯ̟]


菜豆

菜(さい)豆(とう) or 菜豆(サイトウ) • (saitō)

菜豆 (canonical)
菜豆 (canonical)
saitō (romanization)

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris#Translingual


競馬場

競(けい)馬(ば)場(じょう) • (keibajō) ^(←けいばぢやう (keibadyau)?)

競馬場 (canonical)
keibajō (romanization)
keibadyau (romanization)
けいばぢやう (hiragana historical)

From 競馬 (keiba, “horse racing”) + 場 (jō, “field”).


ドラゴンフルーツ

[do̞ɾa̠ɡo̞ɰ̃ ɸɯ̟ɾɯ̟ːt͡sɨ]


皮蛋

ja-noun

皮蛋(ピータン) • (pītan)


グアバ

Psidium guajava
Psidium guajava#Translingual

guava, Psidium guajava (the fruit or the tree)


鷹の爪

鷹の爪 (canonical)
taka no tsume (romanization)

Compound of 鷹(たか) (taka, “hawk, falcon”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 爪(つめ) (tsume, “claw, talon”).

ja-compound

Capsicum annuum
Gamblea
ja:タカノツメ (ウコギ科)
ja:鷹の爪

Gamblea innovans, a deciduous tree native to Japan, used for its wood (possibly so called for the way the leaves grow in groups of three, similar to a hawk's claws)

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

a kind of chili (Capsicum annuum) that is curved and slender, used for pickling (so called for the way the shape resembles a hawk's claw)

a kind of high-quality tea (so called for the way guests may decide to stay longer to partake, as if caught by a claw)

Synonym of 爪草 (tsumekusa, “Japanese pearlwort, Sagina japonica”)


桜島大根

ja-noun

桜(さくら)島(じま)大(だい)根(こん) • (Sakurajima daikon)

桜島大根 (canonical)
Sakurajima daikon (romanization)

From 桜島(さくらじま) (Sakurajima, “Sakura-jima”) + 大根(だいこん) (daikon, “daikon”).

ja-compound

the Sakurajima radish, the giant white radish cultivated in Kagoshima Prefecture.


高麗胡椒

ja-noun

高麗胡椒(コウレイグス) • (kōreigusu)

高麗胡椒 (canonical)
kōreigusu (romanization)

[ko̞ːɾe̞ːɡɯ̟sɨ]

From Korean 高麗 (Goryeo, “Korea”) + 胡椒 (koshō, “pepper”). Compare Japanese and Okinawan くさ (kusa, “grass”).


高麗人参

高(こう)麗(らい)人(にん)参(じん) or 高麗人参(コウライニンジン) • (kōrai ninjin) ^(←かうらいにんじん (kauraininzin)?)

高麗人参 (canonical)
高麗人参 (canonical)
kōrai ninjin (romanization)
kauraininzin (romanization)
かうらいにんじん (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ːɾa̠i ɲ̟ĩɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]

高麗(こらい) (korai, “Goryeo”) + 人参(にんじん) (ninjin, “carrot; ginseng”)

ja-compound

Synonym of 御種人参 (otane ninjin, “Panax ginseng, (Chinese ginseng)”)


アスパラガス

[a̠sɨ̥pa̠ɾa̠ɡa̠sɨ]

Borrowed from English asparagus, from Medieval Latin asparagus.


葷菜

strong smelling vegetables, particularly alliums


玉菜

→ Amis: tamana


甘藍

球茎甘藍

球茎甘藍 きゅうけいかんらん

子持甘藍

子持甘藍 こもちかんらん

羽衣甘藍

羽衣甘藍 はごろもかんらん

緑葉甘藍

緑葉甘藍 りょくようかんらん


西洋李

ja-noun

西(せい)洋(よう)李(すもも) or 西洋李(セイヨウスモモ) • (seiyō sumomo)

西洋李 (canonical)
西洋李 (canonical)
seiyō sumomo (romanization)

From 西洋 (seiyō, “The West”) + 李 (sumomo, “plum”).

compound

Prunus domestica
Prunus domestica#Translingual


鰐梨

鰐梨 (canonical)
鰐梨 (canonical)
waninashi (romanization)

[β̞a̠ɲ̟ina̠ɕi]

Compound of 鰐 (wani, “crocodile”) + 梨 (nashi, “pear”), calque of English alligator pear.

af

(dated) Synonym of アボカド (abokado, “avocado, alligator pear”)


枸櫞

枸櫞 (canonical)
枸櫞 (canonical)
kuen (romanization)

Citrus medica
Citrus medica#Translingual


菠薐草

ja-noun

菠(ほう)薐(れん)草(そう) or 菠薐草(ホウレンソウ) • (hōrensō) ^(←はうれんさう (faurensau)?)

菠薐草 (canonical)
菠薐草 (canonical)
hōrensō (romanization)
faurensau (romanization)
はうれんさう (hiragana historical)

[ho̞ːɾẽ̞ɰ̃so̞ː]

The plant was introduced to Japan in the 16th century from China. A number of Japanese sources state that the term 菠薐 (hōren) had previously been borrowed from Middle Chinese 菠薐 to refer vaguely to Persia or Nepal. The spinach plant did likely originate in the area of ancient Persia, but the Chinese term itself means spinach, not Nepal or Persia or any other place name. The plant was introduced to China via the region of Nepal around the year 647, suggesting that the Chinese term may have been borrowed from the Sanskrit language in use by the Licchavi kingdom ruling Nepal at that time. One possible Sanskrit source term is पालङ्ग (pālaṅga, “beet” or “beet greens” initially, later extended to also refer to “spinach”). Compare modern Nepali पालुङ्गो (pāluṅgo, “spinach”).
The Japanese term would thus be a compound of 菠薐 (hōren, “spinach”, obsolete, not used in modern Japanese) + 草 (sō, “herb, plant”).
The alternative kanji spellings are ateji or phonetic substitutions.


団栗

団栗 (canonical)
団栗 (canonical)
donguri (romanization)


ディル

Anethum graveolens
Anethum graveolens#Translingual

dill (herb of the species Anethum graveolens)


パセリ

From English parsley. Perhaps influenced by 芹(せり) (seri); parsley is a member of セリ科(か) (seri-ka, “Apiaceae”).


黄梅

ja-noun

黄(おう)梅(ばい) or 黄梅(オウバイ) • (ōbai)

黄梅 (canonical)
黄梅 (canonical)
ōbai (romanization)


五斂子

[ɡo̞ɾẽ̞ɰ̃ɕi]

スターフルーツ スターフルーツ#Japanese


巴旦杏

巴(は)旦(たん)杏(きょう) or 巴旦杏(ハタンキョウ) • (hatankyō)

巴旦杏 (canonical)
巴旦杏 (canonical)
hatankyō (romanization)

Prunus amygdalus
Prunus amygdalus#Translingual


波羅蜜

波(は)羅(ら)蜜(みつ) or 波羅蜜(ハラミツ) or 波羅蜜(ぱらみつ) or 波羅蜜(パラミツ) • (haramitsu or paramitsu)

波羅蜜 (canonical)
波羅蜜 (canonical)
波羅蜜 (canonical)
波羅蜜 (canonical)
haramitsu (romanization)
paramitsu (romanization)

Alternative reading paramitsu reborrowed from Sanskrit पारमिता (pāramitā).


酸棗仁

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(traditional Chinese medicine) jujube seeds


欧州蓬

欧(おう)州(しゅう)蓬(よもぎ) or 欧州蓬(オウシュウヨモギ) • (ōshūyomogi)

欧州蓬 (canonical)
欧州蓬 (canonical)
ōshūyomogi (romanization)

[o̞ːɕɨːjo̞mo̞ɡʲi]

Artemisia vulgaris
Artemisia vulgaris#Translingual


防風

防(ぼう)風(ふう) or 防風(ボウフウ) • (bōfū)

防風 (canonical)
防風 (canonical)
bōfū (romanization)

伊吹防風

伊吹防風 イブキボウフウ

河原防風

河原防風 カワラボウフウ

牡丹防風

牡丹防風 ボタンボウフウ

阿蘭陀防風

阿蘭陀防風 オランダボウフウ

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata used in medicine


光桃

光桃 (canonical)
光桃 (canonical)
hikarimomo (romanization)


椿桃

椿桃 (canonical)
椿桃 (canonical)
zubaimomo (romanization)


椿桃

椿桃 (canonical)
椿桃 (canonical)
tsubaimomo (romanization)


椿桃

椿(つばき)桃(もも) or 椿桃(ツバキモモ) • (tsubakimomo)

椿桃 (canonical)
椿桃 (canonical)
tsubakimomo (romanization)


オリーブ

オリーブ • (orību)


南薑

南(なん)薑(きょう) or 南薑(ナンキョウ) • (nankyō)

南薑 (canonical)
南薑 (canonical)
nankyō (romanization)


緑花野菜

緑(みどり)花(はな)野(や)菜(さい) or 緑花野菜(ミドリハナヤサイ) • (midorihanayasai)

緑花野菜 (canonical)
緑花野菜 (canonical)
midorihanayasai (romanization)

緑 (midori, “green”) + 花野菜 (hanayasai, “cauliflower”)

af

ブロッコリー ブロッコリー#Japanese

Synonym of ブロッコリー (burokkorī, “broccoli”)


芽花野菜

ja-noun

芽(め)花(はな)野(や)菜(さい) or 芽花野菜(メハナヤサイ) • (mehanayasai)

芽花野菜 (canonical)
芽花野菜 (canonical)
mehanayasai (romanization)

芽 (me, “sprout”) + 花野菜 (hanayasai, “cauliflower”)

af

ブロッコリー ブロッコリー#Japanese


花野菜

ja-noun

花(はな)野(や)菜(さい) or 花野菜(ハナヤサイ) • (hanayasai)

花野菜 (canonical)
花野菜 (canonical)
hanayasai (romanization)

From 花(はな) (hana, “flower”) + 野菜(やさい) (yasai, “vegetable”).

ja-compound

カリフラワー カリフラワー#Japanese

Synonym of カリフラワー (karifurawā, “cauliflower”)


花甘藍

花甘藍 (canonical)
hana kanran (romanization)

[ha̠na̠ kã̠n̺ɾã̠ɴ]

Compound of 花 (hana, “flower”) + 甘藍 (kanran, “cabbage”, literally “sweet indigo”, the Chinese term for cabbage).

compound

カリフラワー カリフラワー#Japanese


花キャベツ

ja-noun

花(はな)キャベツ or 花(ハナ)キャベツ • (hana kyabetsu)

花キャベツ (canonical)
花キャベツ (canonical)
hana kyabetsu (romanization)

Compound of 花 (hana, “flower”) + キャベツ (kyabetsu, “cabbage”).

compound

カリフラワー カリフラワー#Japanese


苔桃

苔桃 (canonical)
苔桃 (canonical)
kokemomo (romanization)

Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Vaccinium vitis-idaea#Translingual

lingonberry, cowberry, Vaccinium vitis-idaea


橉木

橉木 (canonical)
橉木 (canonical)
rinboku (romanization)

Prunus spinulosa
Prunus spinulosa#Translingual

a tree of species Prunus spinulosa, found in Japan


隠元

ja-noun

隠(いん)元(げん) or 隠元(インゲン) • (ingen) ^(←いんげん (ingen)?)

隠元 (canonical)
隠元 (canonical)
ingen (romanization)
いんげん (hiragana historical)

Short for 隠元豆 (ingen-mame, “common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”).


ケール

ケール • (kēru)


玉蜀黍

玉蜀黍(とうもろこし) or 玉蜀黍(トウモロコシ) • (tōmorokoshi) ^(←たうもろこし (taumorokosi)?)

玉蜀黍 (canonical)
玉蜀黍 (canonical)
tōmorokoshi (romanization)
taumorokosi (romanization)
たうもろこし (hiragana historical)

/taumorokoɕi/ → /tɔːmorokoɕi/ → /toːmorokoɕi/
Originally a compound of 唐 (tō, “Tang Dynasty; China in general; (by extension) foreign”) + もろこし (morokoshi, “sorghum”), from the visual similarities between the sorghum and maize plants.
The spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓) from Chinese, and appears to be a compound of 玉 (yù, “jade, jewel”) + 蜀黍 (shǔshǔ, “sorghum”, literally “Shu millet”). Compare modern Mandarin 玉蜀黍 (yùshǔshǔ, “maize”).

compound

maize, corn (especially corn on the cob)


荊芥

荊芥 (canonical)
荊芥 (canonical)
keigai (romanization)

(traditional Chinese medicine) flower spikes of Schizonepeta tenuifolia used in medicine


茗荷

ja-noun

茗(みょう)荷(が) or 茗荷(ミョウガ) • (myōga) ^(←めうが (meuga)?)

茗荷 (canonical)
茗荷 (canonical)
myōga (romanization)
meuga (romanization)
めうが (hiragana historical)

/meɡa/ → /meuɡa/ → /mjoːɡa/
From earlier mega (see below). The kanji spelling is an example of phonetic ateji.

茗荷貝

a goose barnacle of family Pollicipedidae

Zingiber mioga
Zingiber mioga#Translingual

myoga or Japanese ginger (Zingiber mioga), of which only the shoots and flower buds are used in cooking


茗荷

Daijirin
Daijisen
Myoga
Nara period
ja:ミョウガ
ja:松村明

From Old Japanese [Term?]. Some sources mention that this might be a compound of 芽 (me, “sprout”) + 香 (ka, “fragrant”). However, the semantics are backwards compared to most other Japanese compounds. In addition, this term appears in writings of the Nara period with the spellings 女我 and 売我. The me syllable here is spelled phonetically with the so-called Type-A or 甲類 (kōrui) reading of e₁, but 芽 in Old Japanese had the Type-B or 乙類 (otsurui) reading of e₂. These two different e phonetic values were distinct in Old Japanese, indicating that 芽 (me, “sprout”) + 香 (ka, “fragrant”) is not the actual derivation.
(For more details on Old Japanese spellings and phonetic values, see Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai on Wikipedia.Wikipedia)
This reading is obsolete in modern Japanese.

pedia

(obsolete) myoga or Japanese ginger (Zingiber mioga)


鎧草

ja-noun

鎧(よろい)草(ぐさ) or 鎧草(ヨロイグサ) • (yoroigusa) ^(←よろひぐさ (yorofigusa)?)

鎧草 (canonical)
鎧草 (canonical)
yoroigusa (romanization)
yorofigusa (romanization)
よろひぐさ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 鎧 (yoroi, “armour”) + 草 (kusa, “grass”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Angelica dahurica
Angelica dahurica#Translingual


花独活

花独活 (canonical)
花独活 (canonical)
hanaudo (romanization)

Compound of 花 (hana, “flower”) + 独活 (udo, “Japanese spikenard”).

compound

Heracleum sphondylium var. nipponicum#Translingual


唐茄子

ja-noun

唐(とう)茄(な)子(す) • (tōnasu) ^(←たうなす (taunasu)?)

唐茄子 (canonical)
tōnasu (romanization)
taunasu (romanization)
たうなす (hiragana historical)


苦扁桃

苦(く)扁(へん)桃(とう) • (kuhentō) ^(←くへんたう (kufentau)?)

苦扁桃 (canonical)
kuhentō (romanization)
kufentau (romanization)
くへんたう (hiragana historical)

bitter almond, the bitter seed of Prunus amygdalus

苦扁桃水

苦扁桃水 くへんとうすい


這子

這子 (canonical)
hōko (romanization)
fafuko (romanization)
はふこ (hiragana historical)

/hauko/ → /hɔːko/ → /hoːko/
Originally a compound of 這う (hau, “to crawl”) + 子 (ko, “child”).

a protective charm for babies, made as a doll in the form of a baby, and intended to take on any misfortune in the real baby's stead

(rare) Synonym of 犬蓬 (inu yomogi, “Artemisia keiskeana, a kind of mugwort or wormwood”)


這子

這子 (canonical)
hauko (romanization)
fafuko (romanization)
はふこ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 這う (hau, “to crawl”) + 子 (ko, “child”).


蕪菜

Compound of 蕪 (kabu, “turnip”) + 菜 (na, “greens”).


蕪菜

Compound of 蕪 (kabura, “turnip”) + 菜 (na, “greens”).


菊芋

菊芋 (canonical)
菊芋 (canonical)
kikuimo (romanization)


黒麦

黒麦 (canonical)
黒麦 (canonical)
kuromugi (romanization)

[kɯ̟ɾo̞mɯ̟ɡʲi]


心太

心太 (canonical)
kokorobuto (romanization)

Likely from Old Japanese, first attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE).
Compound of 心(こころ) (kokoro, “heart → spirit”) + 太(ふと) (futo, “fat”). The futo changes to buto as an instance of rendaku (連濁)

ja-compound

Synonym of 大根 (daikon): the Japanese radish


糸瓜

糸瓜 (canonical)
糸瓜 (canonical)
hechima (romanization)

a sponge gourd; a dishrag gourd; a rag gourd


薑黄

ja-noun

薑(きょう)黄(おう) or 薑黄(キョウオウ) • (kyōō) ^(←きやうわう (kyauwau)?)

薑黄 (canonical)
薑黄 (canonical)
kyōō (romanization)
kyauwau (romanization)
きやうわう (hiragana historical)

Alternative spelling of 姜黄 (“wild tumeric”)


月桃

月(げっ)桃(とう) or 月桃(ゲットウ) • (gettō) ^(←げったう (gettau)?)

月桃 (canonical)
月桃 (canonical)
gettō (romanization)
gettau (romanization)
げったう (hiragana historical)


蟠桃

蟠(ばん)桃(とう) or 蟠(はん)桃(とう) or 蟠桃(バントウ) or 蟠桃(ハントウ) • (bantō or hantō)

蟠桃 (canonical)
蟠桃 (canonical)
蟠桃 (canonical)
蟠桃 (canonical)
bantō (romanization)
hantō (romanization)

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 蟠桃 (MC ban daw). First cited to a work from 1313-1328.

Prunus persica subsp. platycarpa#Translingual

flat peach (Prunus persica subsp. platycarpa)

peach of immortality
peach of immortality

(Chinese mythology) peach of immortality


南蛮烏瓜

^なんばん からす.うり

^ナンバン カラス.ウリ

南(なん)蛮(ばん)烏(からす)瓜(うり) or 南蛮烏瓜(ナンバンカラスウリ) • (Nanban karasuuri)

南蛮烏瓜 (canonical)
南蛮烏瓜 (canonical)
Nanban karasuuri (romanization)

南蛮 (Nanban, “Nanman”) + 烏瓜 (karasuuri, “Japanese snake gourd”)

compound

Nanman ja:ナンバンカラスウリ


烏瓜

烏瓜 (canonical)
烏瓜 (canonical)
karasuuri (romanization)

[ka̠ɾa̠sɨɯ̟ɾʲi]

烏(からす) (karasu, “crow; raven”) + 瓜(うり) (uri, “gourd”)

ja-compound

Japanese snake gourd (Trichosanthes sect. Cucumeroides)


蔓茘枝

ja-noun

蔓(つる)茘(れい)枝(し) or 蔓茘枝(ツルレイシ) • (tsurureishi)

蔓茘枝 (canonical)
蔓茘枝 (canonical)
tsurureishi (romanization)

[t͡sɨɾɯ̟ɾe̞ːɕi]

蔓 (tsuru, “vine”) + 茘枝 (reishi, “lychee”)

compound

ja:ツルレイシ ja:ツルレイシ属


ブロッコリー

[bɯ̟ɾo̞k̚ko̞ɾʲiː]

Borrowed from English broccoli, from Italian broccoli.


栃葉人参

ja-noun

栃(とち)葉(ば)人(にん)参(じん) or 栃葉人参(トチバニンジン) • (tochiba ninjin)

栃葉人参 (canonical)
栃葉人参 (canonical)
tochiba ninjin (romanization)

[to̞t͡ɕiba̠ ɲ̟ĩɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]

栃 (tochi, “horse chestnut”) + 葉 (ha, “leaf”) + 人参 (ninjin, “carrot”)

compound

ja:トチバニンジン ja:トチバニンジン属


竹節人参

ja-noun

竹(ちく)節(せつ)人(にん)参(じん) or 竹節人参(チクセツニンジン) • (chikusetsu ninjin)

竹節人参 (canonical)
竹節人参 (canonical)
chikusetsu ninjin (romanization)

[t͡ɕikɯ̟̊se̞t͡sɨ ɲ̟ĩɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]


御種人参

御(お)種(たね)人(にん)参(じん) or 御種人参(オタネニンジン) • (otane ninjin)

御種人参 (canonical)
御種人参 (canonical)
otane ninjin (romanization)

[o̞ta̠ne̞ ɲ̟ĩɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]


朝鮮人参

朝(ちょう)鮮(せん)人(にん)参(じん) or 朝鮮人参(チョウセンニンジン) • (Chōsen ninjin) ^(←てうせんにんじん (teusenninzin)?)

朝鮮人参 (canonical)
朝鮮人参 (canonical)
Chōsen ninjin (romanization)
teusenninzin (romanization)
てうせんにんじん (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕo̞ːse̞ɲ̟ ɲ̟ĩɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]

朝鮮 (Chōsen, “Korea”) + 人参 (ninjin, “carrot”)


オーク

oak (tree or shrub of the genus Quercus)


青梗菜

ja-noun

青梗菜(チンゲンさい) or 青梗菜(チンゲンサイ) • (chingensai)

青梗菜 (canonical)
青梗菜 (canonical)
chingensai (romanization)

[t͡ɕĩŋɡẽ̞ɰ̃sa̠i]


体菜

体菜 (canonical)
体菜 (canonical)
taisai (romanization)


フルーツトマト

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from fruit + tomato, equivalent to フルーツ (furūtsu) + トマト (tomato)

pseudo-loan

"fruit tomato", a type of highly sugar-densed tomato, usually eaten as fruits


映日果

ja-noun

映(えい)日(じつ)果(か) • (eijitsuka) ^(←えいじつくわ (eizitukwa)?)

映日果 (canonical)
eijitsuka (romanization)
eizitukwa (romanization)
えいじつくわ (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 映日果 (ʔˠiæŋᴴ ȵiɪt̚ kuɑ^X, “fig”), a transliteration of Persian انجیر (anjir, “fig”) + Middle Chinese 果 (kuɑ^X, “fruit”). The reading いちじく (ichijiku) is possibly an irregular Japanese rendering of the Chinese pronunciation.
From Middle Chinese 映日果 (ʔˠiæŋᴴ ȵiɪt̚ kuɑ^X, “fig”), a transliteration of Persian انجیر (anjir, “fig”) + Middle Chinese 果 (kuɑ^X, “fruit”).

der

ʔˠiæŋᴴ ȵiɪt̚ kuɑ^X

ʔˠiæŋᴴ ȵiɪt̚ kuɑ^X


蝦夷葱

Allium schoenoprasum
Allium schoenoprasum#Translingual

Synonym of チャイブ (chaibu, “chive, Allium schoenoprasum”)


キウイフルーツ

[kʲiɯ̟i ɸɯ̟ɾɯ̟ːt͡sɨ]


グレープフルーツ

[ɡɯ̟ɾe̞ːpɯ̟ɸɯ̟ɾɯ̟ːt͡sɨ]


ラズベリー

[ɾa̠zɨbe̞ɾʲiː]


馬主

[ɯ̟ma̠nɯ̟ɕi]

owner of horse(s), especially in relation to horse racing


糟糠

糟糠 (canonical)
sōkō (romanization)
saukau (romanization)
さうかう (hiragana historical)


壺草

壺草 (canonical)
壺草 (canonical)
tsubokusa (romanization)

Centella asiatica
Centella asiatica#Translingual

Asiatic pennywort, gotu kola (Centella asiatica)


南京豆

ja-noun

南(なん)京(きん)豆(まめ) or 南京豆(ナンキンまめ) or 南京豆(ナンキンマメ) • (Nankinmame)

南京豆 (canonical)
南京豆 (canonical)
南京豆 (canonical)
Nankinmame (romanization)

[nã̠ŋʲkʲĩmːa̠me̞]

南京 (Nankin, “Nanjing”) + 豆 (mame, “bean”)


ピーナツ

ピーナッツ ピーナッツ#Japanese

Alternative form of ピーナッツ (pīnattsu, “peanut”)


ライ豆

ライ豆 (canonical)
ライ豆 (canonical)
raimame (romanization)


葵豆

ja-noun

葵(あおい)豆(まめ) or 葵豆(アオイマメ) • (aoimame) ^(←あふひまめ (afufimame)?)

葵豆 (canonical)
葵豆 (canonical)
aoimame (romanization)
afufimame (romanization)
あふひまめ (hiragana historical)


リマ豆

リマ豆 (canonical)
リマ豆 (canonical)
rima mame (romanization)


飯粒

飯粒 (canonical)
meshitsubu (romanization)

something that is difficult to part with; something that gets in the way


飯粒

飯粒 (canonical)
ībo (romanization)
ifibo (romanization)
いひぼ (hiragana historical)


飯粒

飯(いい)粒(つぶ) • (ītsubu) ^(←いひつぶ (ifitubu)?)

飯粒 (canonical)
ītsubu (romanization)
ifitubu (romanization)
いひつぶ (hiragana historical)


飯粒

飯(はん)粒(りゅう) • (hanryū) ^(←はんりふ (fanrifu)?)

飯粒 (canonical)
hanryū (romanization)
fanrifu (romanization)
はんりふ (hiragana historical)


パッションフルーツ

[pa̠ɕːõ̞ɰ̃ɸɯ̟ɾɯ̟ːt͡sɨ]


アーティチョーク

アーティチョーク • (ātichōku)

[a̠ːtʲi̥t͡ɕo̞ːkɯ̟]


ジョッキー

ジョッキー • (jokkī)

[d͡ʑo̞k̚ʲkʲiː]

Synonym of 騎手 (kishu, “jockey”) (one who rides racehorses competitively)


蕹菜

蕹(よう)菜(さい) or 蕹菜(ヨウサイ) • (yōsai)

蕹菜 (canonical)
蕹菜 (canonical)
yōsai (romanization)

Ipomoea aquatica
Ipomoea aquatica#Translingual


パパイア

Listed variously as borrowed from English papaya, or from Latin from the species name Carica papaya. An English derivation seems more likely historically, as the fruit is native to southern Mexico and Central America and was first imported into Japan in the mid-Meiji period, well after trading relations had been established with the United States.


アメリカンドッグ

[a̠me̞ɾʲikã̠ndo̞ɡ̚ɡ̊ɯ̟]

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from American + dog.


マルメロ

[ma̠ɾɯ̟me̞ɾo̞]


赤茄子

村井弦斎, 『食道楽』, 冬の巻
その上から白ソースとか赤茄子ソースとか適宜のソースをかけて食べます。http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000810/files/52355_50975.html
Sono ue kara shiro sōsu toka akanasu sōsu toka tekigi no sōsu o kakete tabemasu.
And after that it is topped with suitable sauces such as white sauce and tomato sauce and eaten.

(obsolete) Synonym of トマト (tomato, “tomato”)


犬薄荷

ja-noun

犬(いぬ)薄(はっ)荷(か) or 犬薄荷(イヌハッカ) • (inuhakka)

犬薄荷 (canonical)
犬薄荷 (canonical)
inuhakka (romanization)

Literally, “dog mint”, 犬(いぬ) (inu, “dog”) + 薄荷(はっか) (hakka, “mint”)


蒲桃

蒲桃 (canonical)
蒲桃 (canonical)
futomomo (romanization)

Syzygium jambos
Syzygium jambos#Translingual


蒲桃

Synonym of 蒲桃 (futomomo, “rose apple, Syzygium jambos”)


コーンシロップ

[ko̞ːɰ̃ ɕiɾo̞p̚pɯ̟]


異性化糖

ja-noun

異(い)性(せい)化(か)糖(とう) • (iseikatō) ^(←いせいくわたう (iseikwatau)?)

異性化糖 (canonical)
iseikatō (romanization)
iseikwatau (romanization)
いせいくわたう (hiragana historical)

異性化 (iseika, “isomerisation”) + 糖 (tō, “sugar”)

affix

high fructose corn syrup
high fructose corn syrup


グリーンピース

ja-pos

グリーンピース • (Gurīnpīsu)

wp

グリーンピース (NGO)

1997, Nihon Kankyō Kaigi, Ajia kankyō hakusho 1997/98 [1997/98 Asia environmental white paper], page 67:

There are currently no organizations with scope similar to IUCN, WWF, WRI, or Greenpeace among international NGOs based in Asian countries.

ＩＵＣＮ、ＷＷＦ、ＷＲＩ、またはグリーンピースのような組織と同様の意味において、現在、アジアの国々に基盤を置く国際的なＮＧＯはない。

Ai-Yū-Shī-Enu, Daburu-Daburu-Efu, Daburu-Aru-Ai, mata wa Gurīnpīsu no yō na soshiki to dōyō no imi ni oite, genzai, ajia no kuniguni ni kiban o oku kokusaiteki na enujīō wa nai.

2006 January 20, “Gurīnpīsu, kujira no shigai hakobi hantai [Greenpeace, protest staged with whale carcass]”, in Mainichi Shimbun, page 27:

On the 18th Greenpeace, an international environmental group that opposes Japan’s research whaling, displayed a dead 17-meter-long fin whale in front of the Japanese Embassy in Berlin and appealed to “stop senseless whaling”.

日本の調査捕鯨に反対する国際環境保護団体グリーンピースは18日、ベルリンの日本大使館前に体長17メートルの死んだナガスクジラを運び込み、「無意味な捕鯨を中止しろ」と訴えた。

Nihon no chōsa hogei ni hantai suru kokusai kankyō hogo dantai Gurīnpīsu wa jūhachinichi, Berurin no Nihon Taishikan mae ni taichō jūnana mētoru no shinda nagasu kujira o hakobikomi, “muimi na hogei o chūshi shiro” to uttaeta.

2020 August 26, “Mōrishasu: ōgata kamotsusen zashō-sen zenbu o umi-botsu shobun kōbu wa genchi kaitai e [Mauritius: Grounded large cargo ship, forward portion to be sunk, rear portion dismantled]”, in Mainichi Shimbun, page 24:

The environmental group Greenpeace commented in a statement on the 19th, “Toxic heavy metals can pollute the ocean and endanger biodiversity.”

環境保護団体グリーンピースは19日の声明で「重金属の有害物質が海を汚染し、生物多様性を危険にさらしかねない」と批判していた。

Kankyō hogo dantai Gurīnpīsu wa jūkyūnichi no seimei de “jūkinzoku no yūgai busshitsu ga umi o osen shi, seibutsu tayōsei o kiken ni sarashi kanenai” to hihan shite-ita.


禾穀

ja-noun

禾(か)穀(こく) • (kakoku) ^(←くわこく (kwakoku)?)

禾穀 (canonical)
kakoku (romanization)
kwakoku (romanization)
くわこく (hiragana historical)


無印

[mɯ̟ʑiɾɯ̟ɕi]

(horse racing) horse with little prospect of winning


水馬

techniques for crossing water bodies on horseback


プチトマト

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from petit + tomato

pseudo-loan

チェリートマト チェリートマト#Japanese

Synonym of チェリートマト (cherī tomato, “cherry tomato”)


エッグノッグ

[e̞ɡ̚ɡ̊ɯ̟no̞ɡ̚ɡ̊ɯ̟]


西洋薄荷

ja-noun

西(せい)洋(よう)薄(はっ)荷(か) or 西洋薄荷(セイヨウハッカ) • (seiyō hakka) ^(←せいやうはくか (seiyau fakuka) or セイヤウハクカ (seiyau fakuka)?)

西洋薄荷 (canonical)
西洋薄荷 (canonical)
seiyō hakka (romanization)
seiyau fakuka (romanization)
せいやうはくか (hiragana historical)
セイヤウハクカ (hiragana historical)

西洋 (seiyō, “the West”) + 薄荷 (hakka, “mint”)

com

ペパーミント ペパーミント#Japanese

Synonym of ペパーミント (pepāminto, “peppermint”)


日本薄荷

ja-noun

日(に)本(ほん)薄(はっ)荷(か) or 日本薄荷(ニホンハッカ) • (Nihon hakka)

日本 (Nihon, “Japan”) + 薄荷 (hakka, “mint”)


山桐

山桐 (canonical)
山桐 (canonical)
yamagiri (romanization)

Compound of 山(やま) (yama, “mountain”) + 桐(キリ) (kiri, “paulownia”).
The kiri changes to giri as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Synonym of 油桐 (aburagiri): the Japanese tung oil tree, Vernicia cordata


春告草

春告草 (canonical)
harutsugegusa (romanization)

[ha̠ɾɯ̟t͡sɨɡe̞ɡɯ̟sa̠]

Lit. spring heralding plant, 春(はる) (haru, “spring”) + 告(つげ) (tsuge, “tell, inform”) + 草(ぐさ) (gusa, “grass, plant”)


紫式部

ja-noun

紫(むらさき)式(しき)部(ぶ) or 紫式部(ムラサキシキブ) • (murasaki shikibu)

紫式部 (canonical)
紫式部 (canonical)
murasaki shikibu (romanization)

Murasaki is from the color of the 藤 (fuji, “Wisteria floribunda”), hinting the novelist's connection to the 藤原 (Fujiwara) clan; while Shikibu refers to the 式部省 (Shikibu-shō, “Ministry of Ceremonial Affairs”).
The beautyberry sense is named in honor of the novelist. Alternatively, shikibu might be a corruption of 敷き実 (shikimi, literally “spread out fruits”).

the Japanese or East Asian beautyberry, Callicarpa japonica


唐紅

唐(から)紅(くれない) • (kara-kurenai) ^(←からくれなゐ (karakurenawi)?)

唐紅 (canonical)
kara-kurenai (romanization)
karakurenawi (romanization)
からくれなゐ (hiragana historical)

From 唐 (Kara, “(Tang dynasty) China”) + 紅 (kurenai, “crimson”); contrasted with the alternative spelling 韓紅 (literally “Korean crimson”).

com

千早ぶる神世もきかず竜田川からくれなゐに水くくるとは

905, Kokin Wakashū, (book 5, poem 294; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 17)

I have not heard that, e'en in the age of the Mighty Gods the rivers draped in vivid (literally Chinese) red as is that of Tatsuta.

chihayaburu kamiyo mo kikazu Tatsuta-gawa Kara-kurenai ni mizu kukuru to wa

Synonym of 寒紅梅 (kankōbai): an ume cultivar, Prunus mume var. mume f. alphandii


唐紅

ja-noun

唐(とう)紅(べに) • (tōbeni) ^(←たうべに (taubeni)?)

唐紅 (canonical)
tōbeni (romanization)
taubeni (romanization)
たうべに (hiragana historical)

From 唐 (Tō, “(Tang dynasty) China → foreign”) + 紅 (beni, “crimson”).


阿列布

ja-noun

阿列布(オリーブ) • (orību)

(obsolete) Alternative spelling of オリーブ (“olive”)


楤木

楤木 (canonical)
楤木 (canonical)
taranoki (romanization)


目玉焼き

目玉焼き (canonical)
medamayaki (romanization)


不断草

不(ふ)断(だん)草(そう) or 不断草(フダンソウ) • (fudansō) ^(←ふだんさう (fudansau) or フダンサウ (fudansau)?)

不断草 (canonical)
不断草 (canonical)
fudansō (romanization)
fudansau (romanization)
ふだんさう (hiragana historical)
フダンサウ (hiragana historical)

[ɸɯ̟dã̠ɰ̃so̞ː]

Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla
Wikispecies:Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla


唐萵苣

唐(とう)萵苣(ぢさ) or 唐萵苣(トウヂサ) • (tōjisa) ^(←たうぢさ (taudisa) or タウヂサ (taudisa)?)

唐萵苣 (canonical)
唐萵苣 (canonical)
tōjisa (romanization)
taudisa (romanization)
たうぢさ (hiragana historical)
タウヂサ (hiragana historical)

Synonym of 不断草 (fudansō, “chard”) (Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla)


紙巻きたばこ

紙(かみ)巻(ま)きたばこ or 紙巻(かみま)きたばこ • (kamimaki tabako)

紙巻きたばこ (canonical)
紙巻きたばこ (canonical)
kamimaki tabako (romanization)

紙巻き (kamimaki, “paper roll”) + タバコ (tabako, “tobacco”)


シガレット

紙巻きたばこ 紙巻きたばこ#Japanese

Synonym of 紙巻きたばこ (kamimaki tabako, “cigarette”)


葉巻きたばこ

ja-noun

葉(は)巻(ま)きたばこ or 葉巻(はま)きたばこ • (hamaki tabako)

葉巻きたばこ (canonical)
葉巻きたばこ (canonical)
hamaki tabako (romanization)

葉巻き (hamaki, “leaf roll”) + タバコ (tabako, “tobacco”)


シガー

葉巻きたばこ 葉巻きたばこ#Japanese

Synonym of 葉巻きたばこ (hamaki tabako, “cigar”)


スイートコーン

ja-noun

スイートコーン • (suītokōn)

[sɨiːto̞kõ̞ːɴ]


荏胡麻

荏胡麻 (canonical)
荏胡麻 (canonical)
egoma (romanization)

Perilla frutescens
Perilla frutescens#Translingual


薩摩芋

薩(さつ)摩(ま)芋(いも) or 薩摩芋(サツマイモ) • (Satsuma imo)

→ English: satsumaimo

From 薩摩 (Satsuma, “Satsuma”) + 芋 (imo, “potato”). So called as it is produced in Satsuma Province, today part of western Kagoshima Prefecture. It is related to the introduction from international trade (Nanban trade) prior to the 鎖国(さこく) (sakoku) era.

com

Ipomoea batatas
Ipomoea batatas#Translingual

Kagoshima Prefecture
Satsuma Province
en:Nanban trade
ja:サツマイモ


烏羽玉

Shift from 射干玉 (nubatama, ubatama), with the initial n- or m- dropping off.
The 烏羽 part, normally read as karasuba, literally “crow wings”, is compared to the color of the seed.

a Japanese sweet made with 求肥 (gyūhi) wrapped in red bean paste, and sprinkled with white sugar


クランベリー

[kɯ̟ɾã̠mbe̞ɾʲiː]


類葉升麻

ja-noun

類(るい)葉(よう)升(しょう)麻(ま) or 類葉升麻(ルイヨウショウマ) • (ruiyō shōma) ^(←るいえふしようま (ruiefusyouma)?)

類葉升麻 (canonical)
類葉升麻 (canonical)
ruiyō shōma (romanization)
ruiefusyouma (romanization)
るいえふしようま (hiragana historical)

[ɾɯ̟ijo̞ː ɕo̞ːma̠]


目木

目木 (canonical)
目木 (canonical)
megi (romanization)


山菜

山(さん)菜(さい) • (sansai) ^(←さんさい (sansai)?)

山菜 (canonical)
sansai (romanization)
さんさい (hiragana historical)

edible greens of the sort that naturally grows on mountains


山桜

山桜 (canonical)
Yamazakura (romanization)

Compound of 山(やま) (yama, “mountain”) + 桜(サクラ) (sakura, “cherry tree, Prunus serrulata”).
The sakura changes to zakura as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


隠元豆

ja-noun

隠(いん)元(げん)豆(まめ) or 隠元豆(インゲンマメ) • (ingenmame)

隠元豆 (canonical)
隠元豆 (canonical)
ingenmame (romanization)

[ĩŋɡẽ̞mːa̠me̞]

Named after Chinese Buddhist monk 隠元 (Ingen).

named-after

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris#Translingual


山茄子

山茄子 (canonical)
yamanasubi (romanization)

Literally, “mountain aubergine”, 山(やま) (yama, “mountain”) + 茄子(なすび) (nasubi, “aubergine, eggplant”)

ja-compound

Synonym of 朝鮮朝顔 (chōsen asagao, “devil's trumpet, Datura metel”)

朝鮮朝顔

Synonym of 夏黄櫨 (natsu haze, “Vaccinium oldhamii”)

(archaic) Synonym of 牡丹防風 (botan-bōfū, “coastal hog fennel, Peucedanum japonicum”)


ジロ

scarlet eggplant
scarlet eggplant#English


レモンバーム

[ɾe̞mõ̞mba̠ːmɯ̟]


四角豆

ja-noun

四(し)角(かく)豆(まめ) or 四角豆(シカクマメ) • (shikakumame)

四角豆 (canonical)
四角豆 (canonical)
shikakumame (romanization)

Literally, “square bean”, 四角(しかく) (shikaku) + 豆(まめ) (mame, “bean”)

ja-compound

winged bean, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus


小松菜

ja-noun

小(こ)松(まつ)菜(な) or 小松菜(コマツナ) • (komatsuna)

小松菜 (canonical)
小松菜 (canonical)
komatsuna (romanization)

From 小松(こまつ) (komatsu, “Komatsu”) + 菜(な) (na, “vegetable”). Said to be named after 小松川 (Komatsugawa, literally “Komatsu River”), an area in Tōkyō.


禁断の果実

ja-noun

禁(きん)断(だん)の果(か)実(じつ) • (kindan no kajitsu)

禁断の果実 (canonical)
kindan no kajitsu (romanization)

Calque of English forbidden fruit, from a compound of 禁断 (kindan, “forbidden”) + の (no, attributive particle) + 果実 (kajitsu, “fruit”).


洋もく

洋もく (canonical)
yōmoku (romanization)
yaumoku (romanization)
やうもく (hiragana historical)


チェリモヤ

Borrowed from English cherimoya, ultimately from Quechua chirimuya.

Annona cherimola
Annona cherimola#Translingual

the cherimoya tree: a subtropical tree, Annona cherimola, native to mountainous areas of South America


金時草

[kʲĩɲ̟d͡ʑiso̞ː]

From 金 (kin, “gold”) + 時 (ji, “time”) + 草 (sō, “grass”).

compound

(Hokuriku) Synonym of 水前寺菜 (suizenjina, “Gynura bicolor”)


紅芋

紅芋 (canonical)
紅芋 (canonical)
beniimo (romanization)

From 紅 (beni, “lipstick red”) + 芋 (imo, “potato”).

a sea snail of species Conus pauperculus


菊桃

a variety of David's peach (Prunus davidiana var. potaninii)


アサイー

ja-noun

アサイー • (asaī)

Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese açaí, borrowed from Nheengatu wasaí.

etymon

Euterpe oleracea
Euterpe oleracea#Translingual


蝗豆

Compound of 蝗 (inago, “locust”) + 豆 (mame, “bean”), calque of English locust bean.


唐実桜

ja-noun

唐(から)実(み)桜(ざくら) or 唐実桜(カラミザクラ) • (karamizakura)

唐実桜 (canonical)
唐実桜 (canonical)
karamizakura (romanization)

Chinese sour cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus)


ポーポー

ポーポー • (pōpō)

Asimina triloba
Asimina triloba#Translingual


クシノマヴロ

Borrowed from Greek Ξινόμαυρο (Xinómavro).


沈香

沈香 (canonical)
jinkō (romanization)
dinkau (romanization)
ぢんかう (hiragana historical)


パースニップ

[pa̠ːsɨɲ̟ip̚pɯ̟]


射干玉

From Old Japanese.
The 射干 part, read yakan in Sino-Japanese, refers to the 檜扇 (hiōgi, “blackberry lily, Iris domestica”).

a blackberry lily seed or fruit, usually one that is jet-black and spherical


射干玉

Appears to be a Heian-period shift of Old Japanese 射干玉 (nubatama) or classical 烏羽玉 (ubatama).

(archaic) a blackberry lily seed or fruit, usually one that is jet-black and spherical


馬券

勝馬投票券

勝馬投票券 かちうまとうひょうけん


単勝式

単勝式 (canonical)
tanshōshiki (romanization)

[tã̠ɰ̃ɕo̞ːɕikʲi]

betting system where one bets regarding the winner

betting ticket where one bets regarding the winner


灰汁柴

灰汁柴 (canonical)
灰汁柴 (canonical)
akushiba (romanization)

Vaccinium japonicum, a species of cranberry


かけあし

駆け足で電車に乗る

駈歩, 駆歩: (equestrianism) canter, the fastest speed at which a horse moves


かけあし

かけあしする (canonical)
kakeashi suru (romanization)
かけあしし (stem)
かけあしした (past)
かけあしし
kakeashi shi
かけあしする
kakeashi suru
かけあしすれ
kakeashi sure
かけあしせよ (imperative literary)
かけあししろ (colloquial imperative)
kakeashi seyo (imperative literary)
kakeashi shiro (colloquial imperative)
かけあしされる (passive)
kakeashi sareru (passive)
かけあしさせる (causative)
かけあしさす (causative)
kakeashi saseru (causative)
kakeashi sasu (causative)
かけあしできる (potential)
kakeashi dekiru (potential)
かけあししよう (volitional)
kakeashi shiyō (volitional)
かけあししない (negative)
kakeashi shinai (negative)
かけあしせず (continuative negative)
kakeashi sezu (continuative negative)
かけあしします (formal)
kakeashi shimasu (formal)
かけあしした (perfective)
kakeashi shita (perfective)
かけあしして (conjunctive)
kakeashi shite (conjunctive)
かけあしすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kakeashi sureba (conditional hypothetical)


有明

From 有り (ari, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative”) and 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal”) forms of classical verb 有り (ari), “to exist”) + 明け (ake, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative”) forms of classical verb 明く (aku), “to open → to dawn”).

com

(archaic women's speech) Synonym of 浅葱 (asatsuki): the chive, Allium schoenoprasum


菜っ葉

→ English: napa

⇒ English: napa cabbage

From 菜(な) (na, “vegetable”) + 葉(は) (ha, “leaf”).


辣韮

ja-noun

辣(らっ)韮(きょう) or 辣韮(ラッキョウ) • (rakkyō) ^(←らつきよう (ratukyou)?)

辣韮 (canonical)
辣韮 (canonical)
rakkyō (romanization)
ratukyou (romanization)
らつきよう (hiragana historical)

→ English: rakkyo

[ɾa̠k̚ʲkʲo̞ː]

Allium chinense
Allium chinense#Translingual


激走

激(げき)走(そう) • (gekisō) ^(←げきそう (gekisou)?)

激走 (canonical)
gekisō (romanization)
gekisou (romanization)
げきそう (hiragana historical)


激走

激走する (canonical)
gekisō suru (romanization)
gekisou (romanization)
激走し (stem)
激走した (past)
激走し
げきそうし
gekisō shi
激走する
げきそうする
gekisō suru
激走すれ
げきそうすれ
gekisō sure
激走せよ (imperative literary)
激走しろ (colloquial imperative)
げきそうせよ (imperative literary)
げきそうしろ (colloquial imperative)
gekisō seyo (imperative literary)
gekisō shiro (colloquial imperative)
激走される (passive)
げきそうされる (passive)
gekisō sareru (passive)
激走させる (causative)
激走さす (causative)
げきそうさせる (causative)
げきそうさす (causative)
gekisō saseru (causative)
gekisō sasu (causative)
激走できる (potential)
げきそうできる (potential)
gekisō dekiru (potential)
激走しよう (volitional)
げきそうしよう (volitional)
gekisō shiyō (volitional)
激走しない (negative)
げきそうしない (negative)
gekisō shinai (negative)
激走せず (continuative negative)
げきそうせず (continuative negative)
gekisō sezu (continuative negative)
激走します (formal)
げきそうします (formal)
gekisō shimasu (formal)
激走した (perfective)
げきそうした (perfective)
gekisō shita (perfective)
激走して (conjunctive)
げきそうして (conjunctive)
gekisō shite (conjunctive)
激走すれば (conditional hypothetical)
げきそうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
gekisō sureba (conditional hypothetical)


竜眼

竜(りゅう)眼(がん) or 竜眼(リュウガン) • (ryūgan)

竜眼 (canonical)
竜眼 (canonical)
ryūgan (romanization)


土筆

Holonym: 杉菜 (sugina)


くわえタバコ

くわえタバコ • (kuwae-tabako) ^(←くはへタバコ (kufafe-tabako)?)

kuwae-tabako (romanization)
kufafe-tabako (romanization)
くはへタバコ (hiragana historical)

1945, “ラバウル小唄 (Rabauru Kouta)”, 若杉雄三郎 (lyrics):

星がまたたく あの星見れば
くわえタバコも ほろにがい

hoshi ga matataku ano hoshi mireba
kuwae-tabako mo horonigai

holding a cigar in one's mouth (without hands)


ゆで卵

ゆで卵 (canonical)
yudetamago (romanization)


パイン

2014, Yamī-san x Karudi no shunyū shokuzai de tsukuru kantan! oishii! gochisō reshipi [Yummy and Kaldi’s introductory cooking to make simple! delicious! feasting recipes], page 33:

Coconut milk and pineapple cold noodles. I ate these completely delicious, sweet and sour noodles in Thailand.

ココナッツミルクとパインの冷たいそうめん タイで食べたとってもおいしい甘酸っぱい麺。

Kokonattsu miruku to pain no tsumetai sōmen Tai de tabeta tottemo oishii amazuppai men.

パイナップル パイナップル#Japanese

Short for パイナップル (painappuru, “pineapple”).


はんじゅくたまご

はんじゅくたまご • (hanjuku-tamago) ^(←はんじゆくたまご (fanzyuku-tamago)?)

hanjuku-tamago (romanization)
fanzyuku-tamago (romanization)
はんじゆくたまご (hiragana historical)

[hã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑɨkɯ̟ta̠ma̠ɡo̞]

From 半熟(はんじゅく) (hanjuku) + 卵(たまご) (tamago).


フゲンゾウ

Fugenzō (romanization)
Fugenzau (romanization)
フゲンザウ (historical katakana)

[ɸɯ̟ɡẽ̞nd͡zo̞ː]

普賢 (Fugen, “Samantabhadra”) + 象 (zō, “elephant”). See also 六牙の白象 (Rokuge no Byakuzō).


小庭

小庭 (canonical)
koniwa (romanization)
konifa (romanization)
こには (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ɲ̟iβ̞a̠]

Superficially, 小(こ) (ko, “small”) + 庭(にわ) (niwa, “garden”).

ja-compound

(equestrianism) a narrow training ground for practicing the use of longswords on horseback


シャクシューカ

[ɕa̠kɯ̟̊ɕɨːka̠]

Borrowed from Arabic شَكْشُوكَة (šakšūka).

bor+

shakshuka (dish of eggs simmered in a mixture of vegetables and spices)


馬番

(horse racing) number assigned to horses in a race


出走馬

[ɕɨsːo̞ːba̠]

(horse racing) horses participating in a race


野芝

野芝 (canonical)
野芝 (canonical)
noshiba (romanization)


馬群

馬群 (canonical)
bagun (romanization)
ばぐん (hiragana historical)

(especially horse racing) crowd of horses


うまごみ

From 馬(うま) (uma) + 込(こ)み (komi). The komi changes to gomi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


エホバク

Cucurbita moschata
Cucurbita moschata#Translingual


歩様

歩様 (canonical)
hoyō (romanization)
foyau (romanization)
ほやう (hiragana historical)


三連単

ja-noun

三(さん)連(れん)単(たん) • (sanrentan) ^(←さんれんたん (sanrentan)?)

三連単 (canonical)
sanrentan (romanization)
さんれんたん (hiragana historical)

[sã̠n̺ɾẽ̞ntã̠ɴ]

(horse racing) betting on the first 3 winning horses, in order


三連複

三(さん)連(れん)複(ぷく) • (sanrenpuku) ^(←さんれんぷく (sanrenpuku)?)

三連複 (canonical)
sanrenpuku (romanization)
さんれんぷく (hiragana historical)

[sã̠n̺ɾẽ̞mpɯ̟kɯ̟]

(horse racing) betting on the first 3 winning horses, in any order


春菜

Compound of 春 (haru, “springtime”) + 菜 (na, “vegetables”).

compound

Brassica napus
Brassica napus#Translingual

spring greens; edible young plants that are harvestable during the springtime, i.e. rape (Brassica napus); rapeseed.


里芋

里芋 (canonical)
里芋 (canonical)
satoimo (romanization)

From 里(さと) (sato, “village”) + 芋(いも) (imo, “potato”). Literally, "village potato".

ja-compound

Colocasia esculenta
Colocasia esculenta#Translingual

taro, a tropical root vegetable, Colocasia esculenta


なまたまご

ja-noun

なまたまご • (namatamago) ^(←なまたまご (namatamago)?)

namatamago (romanization)
なまたまご (hiragana historical)

生麦生米生卵

生麦生米生卵 なまむぎなまごめなまたまご


洗卵

洗卵する (canonical)
senran suru (romanization)
洗卵し (stem)
洗卵した (past)
洗卵し
せんらんし
senran shi
洗卵する
せんらんする
senran suru
洗卵すれ
せんらんすれ
senran sure
洗卵せよ (imperative literary)
洗卵しろ (colloquial imperative)
せんらんせよ (imperative literary)
せんらんしろ (colloquial imperative)
senran seyo (imperative literary)
senran shiro (colloquial imperative)
洗卵される (passive)
せんらんされる (passive)
senran sareru (passive)
洗卵させる (causative)
洗卵さす (causative)
せんらんさせる (causative)
せんらんさす (causative)
senran saseru (causative)
senran sasu (causative)
洗卵できる (potential)
せんらんできる (potential)
senran dekiru (potential)
洗卵しよう (volitional)
せんらんしよう (volitional)
senran shiyō (volitional)
洗卵しない (negative)
せんらんしない (negative)
senran shinai (negative)
洗卵せず (continuative negative)
せんらんせず (continuative negative)
senran sezu (continuative negative)
洗卵します (formal)
せんらんします (formal)
senran shimasu (formal)
洗卵した (perfective)
せんらんした (perfective)
senran shita (perfective)
洗卵して (conjunctive)
せんらんして (conjunctive)
senran shite (conjunctive)
洗卵すれば (conditional hypothetical)
せんらんすれば (conditional hypothetical)
senran sureba (conditional hypothetical)


血卵

[ke̞t͡sɨɾã̠ɴ]


汚卵

汚卵洗浄機


液卵

液(えき)卵(らん) • (ekiran) ^(←えきらん (ekiran)?)

液卵 (canonical)
ekiran (romanization)
えきらん (hiragana historical)


集卵

集(しゅう)卵(らん) • (shūran) ^(←しふらん (sifuran)?)

集卵 (canonical)
shūran (romanization)
sifuran (romanization)
しふらん (hiragana historical)

(agriculture) collection / gathering of eggs


軟卵

軟(なん)卵(らん) • (nanran) ^(←なんらん (nanran)?)

軟卵 (canonical)
nanran (romanization)
なんらん (hiragana historical)


新玉葱

新(しん)玉(たま)葱(ねぎ) or 新玉葱(しんタマネギ) • (shin-tamanegi)

新玉葱 (canonical)
新玉葱 (canonical)
shin-tamanegi (romanization)

From 新(しん) (shin-, “new”) + 玉葱(たまねぎ) (tamanegi, “onion”).

ja-compound

green onion that is harvested in the spring and not dried, thus being more tender and gentle


おおあな

ōana (romanization)
ofoana (romanization)
おほあな (hiragana historical)

(horse racing) dark horse; or the money gained from successfully betting on a dark horse


霜柱

ja-noun

霜(しも)柱(ばしら) or 霜柱(シモバシラ) • (shimobashira)

霜柱 (canonical)
霜柱 (canonical)
shimobashira (romanization)

Literally, “frost pillar”, 霜(しも) (shimo, “frost”) + 柱(はしら) (hashira, “pillar”). The hashira changes to bashira as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

ja:シモバシラ ja:霜柱


温泉卵

温泉卵 (canonical)
onsentamago (romanization)

[õ̞ɰ̃sẽ̞nta̠ma̠ɡo̞]

温泉(おんせん) (onsen, “hot spring”) + 卵(たまご) (tamago, “egg”).

hot spring egg; onsen tamago (Japanese soft-boiled egg cuisine)


乗馬

乗馬 (canonical)
jōba (romanization)
zyouba (romanization)
じようば (hiragana historical)


トロピカルフルーツ

[to̞ɾo̞pʲika̠ɾɯ̟ ɸɯ̟ɾɯ̟ːt͡sɨ]


赤蕪

赤蕪 (canonical)
赤蕪 (canonical)
akakabu (romanization)


二十日大根

ja-noun

二十(はつ)日(か)大(だい)根(こん) or 二十日大根(ハツカダイコン) • (hatsuka daikon or hatsukadaikon)

二十日大根 (canonical)
二十日大根 (canonical)
hatsuka daikon (romanization)
hatsukadaikon (romanization)

Cultivars were introduced to Japan during the Meiji period (1868-1912), and the word appears in print by the early 20th century (see quotations below). Superficially of 二十(はつ)日(か) (hatsuka, “20 days, 20th day”) + 大(だい)根(こん) (daikon, “daikon”), possibly from the fact that the vegetable may be harvested as early as 20 days after planting.

ja-compound

1908, Fukuba Hayato, Kaju sosai kōtō saibai ron [On cultivation of high-quality fruits and vegetables], page 271:

Regarding hatsuka daikon, there is great demand for various Japanese-style dishes

二十日大根ハ邦式調理ニテハサマデ需要 […]

Hatsuka daikon wa kuni-shiki chōri nite wa sama de juyō […]

1911, Nōson jichi no kenkyū [Report on an autonomous agricultural village], Yokohama: Yūrindō, page 251:

second-season potatoes, ban daikon, all-season daikon, and hatsuka daikon (harvested April through August)

二期生馬鈴薯、晚大根、時無大根、二十日大根（四月ヨリ八月ニ至る）

niki sei bareisho, ban daikon, tokinashi daikon, hatsuka daikon (shigatsu yori hachigatsu ni itaru)

Raphanus sativus
Raphanus sativus#Translingual

radish, Raphanus sativus, (specifically) small red radishes


苦草

苦草 (canonical)
苦草 (canonical)
nigakusa (romanization)

Teucrium japonicum, a species of germander


蓴菜

ja-noun

蓴(じゅん)菜(さい) or 蓴菜(ジュンサイ) • (junsai) ^(←じゆんさい (zyunsai)?)

蓴菜 (canonical)
蓴菜 (canonical)
junsai (romanization)
zyunsai (romanization)
じゆんさい (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑɨ̃ɰ̃sa̠i]

Derived from Middle Chinese 蓴菜 (MC dzywin tshojH).


野沢菜

From 野沢 (Nozawa, “Nozawaonsen-mura, a town in Nagano Prefecture where it was first cultivated”) + 菜 (na, “vegetable”).

com

nozawana (Japanese variety of turnip greens)


岩梨

岩梨 (canonical)
岩梨 (canonical)
iwanashi (romanization)

Epigaea asiatica
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:イワナシ

Superficially of 岩(いわ) (iwa, “stone”) + 梨(なし) (nashi, “pear”); compare synonyms 岩椿(いわつばき) (iwatsubaki, literally “stone camellia”), 砂苺(すないちご) (sunaichigo, literally “sand strawberry”). Attested from the 13th century.


ヤングコーン

[jã̠ŋɡɯ̟ kõ̞ːɴ]

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from young + corn.


隼人瓜

ja-noun

隼(はや)人(と)瓜(うり) or 隼人瓜(ハヤトウリ) • (hayato uri)

隼人瓜 (canonical)
隼人瓜 (canonical)
hayato uri (romanization)

From 隼人(はやと) (hayato) + 瓜(うり) (uri), alluding to its introduction via Kagoshima.

Sechium edule
Sechium edule#Translingual


柊草

柊(ひいらぎ)草(そう) or 柊草(ヒイラギソウ) • (hīragisō)

柊草 (canonical)
柊草 (canonical)
hīragisō (romanization)

Literally, “holly osmanthus grass”, 柊(ひいらぎ) (hīragi, “holly osmanthus”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass”)


靫草

靫草 (canonical)
靫草 (canonical)
utsubogusa (romanization)

Literally, “quiver grass”, 靫(うつぼ) (utsubo, “quiver”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass, plant”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

common self-heal, Prunella vulgaris subsp. asiatica


苗代苺

ja-noun

苗(なわ)代(しろ)苺(いちご) or 苗代苺(ナワシロイチゴ) • (nawashiro ichigo)

苗代苺 (canonical)
苗代苺 (canonical)
nawashiro ichigo (romanization)

[na̠β̞a̠ɕiɾo̞ it͡ɕiɡo̞]

Literally, “rice nursery strawberry”, 苗代(なわしろ) (nawashiro, “rice nursery bed”) + 苺(いちご) (ichigo, “strawberry”)


藪紫

ja-noun

藪(やぶ)紫(むらさき) or 藪紫(ヤブムラサキ) • (yabumurasaki)

藪紫 (canonical)
藪紫 (canonical)
yabumurasaki (romanization)

Callicarpa mollis, species of beautyberry


薙刀香薷

薙刀(なぎなた)香(こう)薷(じゅ) or 薙刀香薷(ナギナタコウジュ) • (naginata kōju)

薙刀香薷 (canonical)
薙刀香薷 (canonical)
naginata kōju (romanization)

Literally, “naginata balm”, 薙刀(なぎなた) (naginata) + 香薷(こうじゅ) (kōju, “Vietnamese balm”)


熊竹蘭

ja-noun

熊(くま)竹(たけ)蘭(らん) or 熊竹蘭(クマタケラン) • (kumatakeran)

熊竹蘭 (canonical)
熊竹蘭 (canonical)
kumatakeran (romanization)


黄金花

黄(こ)金(がね)花(ばな) or 黄金花(コガネバナ) • (koganebana)

黄金花 (canonical)
黄金花 (canonical)
koganebana (romanization)

Literally, “gold flower”, 黄金(こがね) (kogane, “gold, gold coin”) + 花(はな) (hana, “flower”). The hana changes to bana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Chinese skullcap, Scutellaria baicalensis


踊子草

ja-noun

踊(おどり)子(こ)草(そう) or 踊子草(オドリコソウ) • (odorikosō)

踊子草 (canonical)
踊子草 (canonical)
odorikosō (romanization)

Literally, “dancer grass”, 踊子(おどりこ) (odoriko, “dancer”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”)

ja-compound

white deadnettle, Lamium album var. barbatum

大陸踊子草

大陸踊子草 タイリクオドリコソウ

姫踊子草

姫踊子草 ヒメオドリコソウ


麝香草

ja-noun

麝(じゃ)香(こう)草(そう) or 麝香草(ジャコウソウ) • (jakōsō)

麝香草 (canonical)
麝香草 (canonical)
jakōsō (romanization)

Literally, “musk plant”, 麝香(じゃこう) (jakō, “musk”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”)

ja-compound

愛鷹麝香草

愛鷹麝香草 あしたかじゃこうそう

伊吹麝香草

伊吹麝香草 いぶきじゃこうそう

立麝香草

立麝香草 たちじゃこうそう

谷麝香草

谷麝香草 たにじゃこうそう


立浪草

ja-noun

立(たつ)浪(なみ)草(そう) or 立浪草(タツナミソウ) • (tatsunamisō)

立浪草 (canonical)
立浪草 (canonical)
tatsunamisō (romanization)

Scutellaria indica, a species of skullcap


黄金苺

黄(こ)金(がね)苺(いちご) or 黄金苺(コガネイチゴ) • (kogane-ichigo)

黄金苺 (canonical)
黄金苺 (canonical)
kogane-ichigo (romanization)

Literally, “gold strawberry”, 黄金(こがね) (kogane, “gold, golden”) + 苺(いちご) (ichigo, “strawberry”)


山葡萄

ja-noun

山(やま)葡(ぶ)萄(どう) or 山葡萄(ヤマブドウ) • (yamabudō)

山葡萄 (canonical)
山葡萄 (canonical)
yamabudō (romanization)

Literally, “mountain grape”, 山(やま) (yama, “mountain”) + 葡萄(ぶどう) (budō, “grape, grapevine”)


裏白

裏白 (canonical)
裏白 (canonical)
urajiro (romanization)

[ɯ̟ɾa̠ʑiɾo̞]

Literally, “back white”, 裏(うら) (ura, “back, reverse”) + 白(しろ) (shiro, “white”)

Synonym of 山艾 (yama yomogi, “Artemisia montana”)


錦衣

ja-noun

錦衣(にしきごもろ) or 錦衣(ニシキゴロモ) • (nishikigomoro or nishikigoromo)

錦衣 (canonical)
錦衣 (canonical)
nishikigomoro (romanization)
nishikigoromo (romanization)

Literally, “brocade robe”, 錦(にしき) (nishiki, “brocade”) + 衣(ころも) (koromo, “robe”). The koromo changes to goromo as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


扇葛

ja-noun

扇(おうぎ)葛(かずら) or 扇葛(オウギカズラ) • (ōgikazura) ^(←あふぎかづら (afugikadura)?)

扇葛 (canonical)
扇葛 (canonical)
ōgikazura (romanization)
afugikadura (romanization)
あふぎかづら (hiragana historical)

[o̞ːɡʲika̠zɨɾa̠]

Literally, “fan creeper”, 扇(おうぎ) (ōgi, “folding fan”) + 葛(かずら) (kazura, “creeper”)


蛍草

蛍草 (canonical)
hotarugusa (romanization)

[ho̞ta̠ɾɯ̟ɡɯ̟sa̠]

Literally, “firefly grass”, 蛍(ほたる) (hotaru, “firefly”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass, plant”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Synonym of 露草 (tsuyukusa, “Asiatic dayflower, Commelina communis”)

露草

Synonym of 蛍柴胡 (hotaru saiko, “Bupleurum longiradiatum var. elatius”)


蛍草

Synonym of 一人静 (hitorishizuka, “Chloranthus quadrifolius”)

Synonym of 蛍葛 (hotarukazura, “Lithospermum zollingeri”)


天人草

ja-noun

天(てん)人(にん)草(そう) or 天人草(テンニンソウ) • (tenninsō)

天人草 (canonical)
天人草 (canonical)
tenninsō (romanization)

[tẽ̞ɲ̟ːĩɰ̃so̞ː]

Literally, “heavenly being grass”, 天人(てんにん) (tennin, “heavenly being”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”)


鈴香薷

ja-noun

鈴(すず)香(こう)薷(じゅ) or 鈴香薷(スズコウジュ) • (suzu kōju)

鈴香薷 (canonical)
鈴香薷 (canonical)
suzu kōju (romanization)

[sɨzɨ ko̞ːʑɨ]

Literally, “bell balm”, 鈴(すず) (suzu, “bell”) + 香薷(こうじゅ) (kōju, “Vietnamese balm”)


車花

車花 (canonical)
車花 (canonical)
kurumabana (romanization)

Literally, “wheel flower”, 車(くるま) (kuruma, “carriage, wheel”) + 花(はな) (hana, “flower”). The hana changes to bana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Clinopodium chinense subsp. grandiflorum


羅生門葛

ja-noun

羅(ら)生(しょう)門(もん)葛(かずら) or 羅生門葛(ラショウモンカズラ) • (Rashōmon kazura)

羅生門葛 (canonical)
羅生門葛 (canonical)
Rashōmon kazura (romanization)

[ɾa̠ɕo̞ːmo̞ŋ ka̠zɨɾa̠]

Literally, “Rashomon creeper”, 羅生門(らしょうもん) (Rashōmon) + 葛(かずら) (kazura, “creeping plant”)

ja-compound

ja:ラショウモンカズラ


滑莧

滑莧 (canonical)
滑莧 (canonical)
suberihiyu (romanization)

Literally, “slipping amaranth”, 滑(すべ)り (suberi, “sliding, slipping”) + 莧(ひゆ) (hiyu, “amaranth”)

Portulaca oleracea
Portulaca oleracea#Translingual


鏡草

鏡草 (canonical)
鏡草 (canonical)
kagamigusa (romanization)

Literally, “mirror grass”, 鏡(かがみ) (kagami, “mirror”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass, plant”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

(by extension) Synonym of 大根 (daikon, “daikon radish, mooli”)

Synonym of 朝顔 (asagao, “morning glory, Ipomoea nil”)


麒麟草

ja-noun

麒(き)麟(りん)草(そう) or 麒麟草(キリンソウ) • (kirinsō) ^(←きりんさう (kirinsau)?)

麒麟草 (canonical)
麒麟草 (canonical)
kirinsō (romanization)
kirinsau (romanization)
きりんさう (hiragana historical)

[kʲiɾʲĩɰ̃so̞ː]

Literally, “qilin grass”, 麒麟(きりん) (kirin, “qilin”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”)


雁金草

ja-noun

雁(かり)金(がね)草(そう) or 雁金草(カリガネソウ) • (kariganesō)

雁金草 (canonical)
雁金草 (canonical)
kariganesō (romanization)

(historical) Synonym of 錨草 (ikarisō, “large flowered barrenwort, Epimedium grandiflorum”)


虎の尾

虎の尾 (canonical)
tora no o (romanization)

Literally, “tiger's tail”, 虎(とら) (tora, “tiger”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 尾(お) (o, “tail”)

猩々虎の尾

猩々虎 しょうじょうとら

Synonym of 天南星 (tennanshō, “plants of genus Arisaema”)


水虎の尾

ja-noun

水(みず)虎(とら)の尾(お) or 水虎(ミズトラ)の尾(オ) • (mizu tora no o)

水虎の尾 (canonical)
水虎の尾 (canonical)
mizu tora no o (romanization)

Literally, “water tiger's tail”, 水(みず) (mizu, “water”) + 虎(とら)の尾(お) (toranō, “'tiger's tail', a plant name”)

ja-compound

Synonym of 沢虎の尾 (sawa tora no o, “Lysimachia leucantha”)


血止草

ja-noun

血(ち)止(どめ)草(ぐさ) or 血止草(チドメグサ) • (chidomegusa)

血止草 (canonical)
血止草 (canonical)
chidomegusa (romanization)

lawn marshpennywort, Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides


見返草

見(み)返(かえり)草(そう) or 見返草(ミカエリソウ) • (mikaerisō) ^(←みかへりさう (mikaferisau)?)

見返草 (canonical)
見返草 (canonical)
mikaerisō (romanization)
mikaferisau (romanization)
みかへりさう (hiragana historical)

Literally, “looking-back plant”, 見返(みかえ)り (mikaeri, “looking back”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”)


溝香薷

ja-noun

溝(みぞ)香(こう)薷(じゅ) or 溝香薷(ミゾコウジュ) • (mizo kōju)

溝香薷 (canonical)
溝香薷 (canonical)
mizo kōju (romanization)

Literally, “ditch balm”, 溝(みぞ) (mizo, “ditch”) + 香薷(こうじゅ) (kōju, “Vietnamese balm”)


秋桐

秋桐 (canonical)
秋桐 (canonical)
akigiri (romanization)

Literally, “autumn paulownia”, 秋(あき) (aki, “autumn”) + 桐(きり) (kiri, “paulwonia”). The kiri changes to giri as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


八手

八手 (canonical)
八手 (canonical)
yatsude (romanization)

Literally, “eight hands”, 八(や)つ (yatsu, “eight (objects)”) + 手(て) (te, “hand”). The te changes to de as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


三葉

Synonym of 南天 (nanten, “nandina, heavenly bamboo, sacred bamboo: Nandina domestica”)


当帰

当帰 (canonical)
当帰 (canonical)
tōki (romanization)

西洋当帰

西洋当帰 セイヨウトウキ

日向当帰

日向当帰 ヒュウガトウキ

北海当帰

北海当帰 ホッカイトウキ

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried roots of Angelica acutiloba used in medicine


野竹

野竹 (canonical)
野竹 (canonical)
nodake (romanization)

薄色野竹

薄色野竹 ウスイロノダケ

白花野竹

白花野竹 シロバナノダケ

屋久島野竹

屋久島野竹 ヤクシマノダケ


浜栲

浜栲 (canonical)
浜栲 (canonical)
hamagō (romanization)


スターフルーツ

[sɨ̥ta̠ː ɸɯ̟ɾɯ̟ːt͡sɨ]

Averrhoa carambola
Averrhoa carambola#Translingual


水前寺菜

ja-noun

水(すい)前(ぜん)寺(じ)菜(な) or 水前寺菜(スイゼンジナ) • (suizenjina)

水前寺菜 (canonical)
水前寺菜 (canonical)
suizenjina (romanization)

Literally, “Suizenji vegetable”, named after the Suizen temple in Kumamoto.


隠蓑

隠蓑 (canonical)
隠蓑 (canonical)
kakuremino (romanization)

(by extension) a thing which conceals the entire substance of something


藤豆

藤豆 (canonical)
藤豆 (canonical)
fujimame (romanization)

Literally, “wisteria bean”, 藤(ふじ) (fuji, “wisteria”) + 豆(まめ) (mame, “bean”)

ja-compound

Lablab purpureus
Lablab purpureus#Translingual

Synonym of 隠元豆 (ingen-mame, “common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris”)

隠元豆

Mucuna pruriens
Mucuna pruriens#Translingual

Synonym of 八升豆 (hasshō-mame, “velvet bean, Mucuna pruriens”)


白根

白根 (canonical)
白根 (canonical)
shirone (romanization)

Literally, “white roots”, 白(しろ) (shiro, “white”) + 根(ね) (ne, “roots”)

(nyobo kotoba) Synonym of 葱 (negi, “scallion, leek”)

(historical) Synonym of 沢鵯 (sawa hiyodori, “Eupatorium lindleyanum”)


延命草

[ẽ̞mːe̞ːso̞ː]

Literally, “life prolonging plant”, 延命(えんめい) (enmei, “life pronlonging, life support”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”)

Synonym of 引起 (hiki-okoshi, “Isodon japonicus”)

Synonym of 延齢草 (enreisō, “Trillium smallii, a species of trillium”)

延齢草

Synonym of 艾 (yomogi, “mugwort, Artemisia princeps”)


シャインマスカット

The term originated from the National Institute of Fruit Tree Science (NIFTS) in Japan in 1988.

National Agriculture and Food Research Organization


幌向苺

ja-noun

幌(ほろ)向(むい)苺(いちご) or 幌向苺(ホロムイイチゴ) • (horomui ichigo)

幌向苺 (canonical)
幌向苺 (canonical)
horomui ichigo (romanization)

[ho̞ɾo̞mɯ̟iːt͡ɕiɡo̞]

From 幌向(ほろむい) (horomui, “Horomui, in Iwamizawa, Hokkaido”) + 苺(いちご) (ichigo, “strawberry”), in reference to its discovery there.

ja-compound

Rubus chamaemorus
Rubus chamaemorus#Translingual

cloudberry, bakeapple (Rubus chamaemorus)


鳥の子

鳥の子 (canonical)
torinoko (romanization)
tori no ko (romanization)


源平臭木

ja-noun

源(げん)平(ぺい)臭(くさ)木(ぎ) or 源平臭木(ゲンペイクサギ) • (genpeikusagi)

源平臭木 (canonical)
源平臭木 (canonical)
genpeikusagi (romanization)

[ɡẽ̞mpe̞ːkɯ̟sa̠ɡʲi]

Literally, “Genpei glory tree”, 源平(げんぺい) (Genpei) + 臭木(くさぎ) (kusagi, “glory tree”)

ja-compound

Clerodendrum thomsoniae a species of glory tree


高嶺桜

高嶺桜 (canonical)
takanezakura (romanization)

From 高嶺(タカネ) (takane, “high mountain”) + 桜(ザクラ) (zakura, “cherry tree”).
The sakura changes to zakura as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Prunus nipponica
Prunus nipponica#Translingual

the Japanese alpine cherry tree, Prunus nipponica


豆桜

豆桜 (canonical)
mamezakura (romanization)

From 豆(マメ) (mame, “soybean”) + 桜(ザクラ) (zakura, “cherry tree”).
The sakura changes to zakura as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Prunus incisa
Prunus incisa#Translingual


木蔦

木蔦 (canonical)
木蔦 (canonical)
kizuta (romanization)

Literally, “tree ivy”, 木(き) (ki, “tree”) + 蔦(つた) (tsuta, “ivy”) The tsuta changes to zuta as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

西洋木蔦

西洋木蔦 セイヨウキヅタ


神目箒

ja-noun

神(かみ)目(め)箒(ぼうき) or 神目箒(カミメボウキ) • (kami mebōki)

神目箒 (canonical)
神目箒 (canonical)
kami mebōki (romanization)

Literally, “god basil”, 神(かみ) (kami, “god, deity”) + 目帚(めぼうき) (mebōki, “basil”)

ja-compound

Ocimum tenuiflorum
Ocimum tenuiflorum#Translingual


鵯上戸

ja-noun

鵯(ひよどり)上(じょう)戸(ご) or 鵯上戸(ヒヨドリジョウゴ) • (hiyodorijōgo)

鵯上戸 (canonical)
鵯上戸 (canonical)
hiyodorijōgo (romanization)


金瘡小草

金瘡小(きらん)草(そう) or 金瘡小草(キランソウ) • (kiransō)

金瘡小草 (canonical)
金瘡小草 (canonical)
kiransō (romanization)


塔花

塔花 (canonical)
塔花 (canonical)
tōbana (romanization)

Literally, “tower flower”, 塔(とう) (tō, “tower, stupa”) + 花(はな) (hana, “flower”). The hana changes to bana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


ボーブラ

[bo̞ːbɯ̟ɾa̠]


草苺

草苺 (canonical)
草苺 (canonical)
kusaichigo (romanization)

Literally, “grass strawberry”, 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass”) + 苺(いちご) (ichigo, “strawberry”)


草石蚕

ja-noun

草石蚕(ちょろぎ) or 草石蚕(チョロギ) • (chorogi)

草石蚕 (canonical)
草石蚕 (canonical)
chorogi (romanization)

[t͡ɕo̞ɾo̞ɡʲi]

Thought to be a corruption of Korean 지렁이 (jireong'i, “earthworm”).

Chinese artichoke, Stachys affinis, a perennial plant originating from China

the rhizome of S. affinis, eaten as a vegetable

(especially) the rhizome pickled and dyed red, served as a traditional New Year dish


キワノ

Cucumis metulifer
Wikispecies:Cucumis metulifer

horned melon (plant of the species Cucumis metulifer)


ランブータン

[ɾã̠mbɯ̟ːtã̠ɴ]


コーングリッツ

[kõ̞ːŋɡɯ̟ɾʲit̚t͡sɨ]


垣通

垣通(かきとおし) or 垣通(カキドオシ) • (kakitōshi or kakidōshi)

垣通 (canonical)
垣通 (canonical)
kakitōshi (romanization)
kakidōshi (romanization)


小豆蔲

小(しょう)豆(ず)蔲(く) or 小豆蔲(ショウズク) • (shōzuku)

小豆蔲 (canonical)
小豆蔲 (canonical)
shōzuku (romanization)


陽春砂

陽(よう)春(しゅん)砂(しゃ) or 陽春砂(ヨウシュンシャ) • (yōshunsha)

陽春砂 (canonical)
陽春砂 (canonical)
yōshunsha (romanization)