チリアンシーバス

[t͡ɕiɾʲiã̠ɰ̃ɕiːba̠sɨ]

From English Chilean sea bass, with pronunciation influenced by チリ (Chiri, “Chile”).

2010 May 14, “Kristen Bell ryū no iki-kata oshiemasu [Teach you how to live like Kristen Bell]”, in OK! Japan, archived from the original on 2020-06-11:

The menu the two of them enjoyed featured Kobe beef, Chilean sea bass, and lobster wontons.

2人のお気に入りのメニューは、神戸ビーフにチリアン・シーバス、それにロブスター・ワンタン。

Futari no oki ni iri no menyū wa, Kōbe bīfu ni Chirian shībasu, sore ni robusutā wantan.

2015, Yusuke Kohase, “JAL, Beikoku hatsu bin de kodawari no kinaishoku [JAL, specialty in-flight meals for American departures]”, in Aviation Wire:

Business class offers “sauteed Chilean sea bass and ricotta gnocchi with green pea sauce”.

ビジネスでは「チリアンシーバスのソテーとリコッタチーズのニョッキグリーンピースソース」を提供する。

Bijinesu de wa “Chirian shībasu no sotē to rikotta chīzu no nyokki gurīn pīsu sōsu” o teikyō suru.

2018, Kei Hasegawa, Oishisa no sakkaku: Saishin kagaku de wakatta bimi no shinjitsu, translation of Gastrophysics: The New Science of Eating by Charles Spence:

メニューを読み進めるのである。そして、「チリアンシーバス」という料理を見つける。

Menyū o yomi susumeru no dearu. Soshite, “Chirian shībasu” to iu ryōri o mitsukeru.

I continue reading the menu. Then I find a dish called “Chilean sea bass”.

Chilean sea bass, Dissostichus eleginoides or similar species of fish served as meat


矢柄

矢柄 (canonical)
矢柄 (canonical)
yagara (romanization)

Compound of 矢 (ya, “arrow”) + 柄 (kara, “shaft”). The kara changes to gara as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First cited to roughly 934 in the Wamyō Ruijushō.

青矢柄

bluespotted cornetfish, Fistularia commersonii

the cornetfish, members of genus Fistularia (from the long and thin body shape, resembling the shaft of an arrow)


道走

ja-noun

道(みち)走(ばしり) or 道走(ミチバシリ) • (michibashiri)

道走 (canonical)
道走 (canonical)
michibashiri (romanization)

Likely a calque of English roadrunner; see 道 (michi, “road”), 走り (hashiri, “running”). Compare Spanish correcaminos. The hashiri changes to bashiri as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

1971, Wajima shishi [Wajima city history], volume 5, page 346:

The fourth subfamily is represented by the roadrunner Geococcyx californianus. It has long legs and runs quickly on the ground.

第4亜科はミチバシリGeococcyx californianusによって代表される。足が長く地上をよく走る。

Dai-yon aka wa michibashiri Geococcyx californianus ni yotte daihyō sareru. Ashi ga nagaku chijō o yoku hashiru.

2012 March 15, “Kore ga dōro bakusō tori ‘rōdorannā (michibashiri)’ da! [This is the highway speedster ‘roadrunner (michibashiri)’]”, in Karapaia:

This is the model for the bird that runs faster than any speeding car in the cartoon “The Roadrunner”, called “michibashiri” in Japanese.

このアニメに出てくる、どんな高速で走る車よりも早く走る鳥のモデルとなっているのがまさしく「ロードランナー」日本語で言うところの「ミチバシリ」。

Kono anime ni dete-kuru, donna kōsoku de hashiru kuruma yori mo hayaku hashiru tori no moderu to natte-iru no ga masashiku “Rōdorannā” Nihongo de iu tokoro no “michibashiri”.

roadrunner, either of two bird species in the genus Geococcyx

大道走

greater roadrunner, Geococcyx californianus


大道走

大(おお)道(みち)走(ばしり) or 大道走(オオミチバシリ) • (ōmichibashiri)

大道走 (canonical)
大道走 (canonical)
ōmichibashiri (romanization)

大(おお) (ō, “big, great”) + 道走(みちばしり) (michibashiri, “roadrunner”)

ja-compound

2011 [2007], Yumiko Sakata, Baiburuman, translation of The Year of Living Biblically by AJ Jacobs, page 430:

ワーナー・ブラザーズのアニメ『ルーニー・テューンズ』に登場するキャラクター。カッコウ科のオオミチバシリがモデルで、道路の上を高速で走り回り

Wānā Burazāzu no anime “Rūnī Tyūnzu” ni tōjō suru kyarakutā. Kakkō ka no ōmichibashiri ga moderu de, dōro no ue o kōsoku de hashirimawari

The character was featured in the Warner Brothers cartoon series “Loony Tunes”. Modeled on the cuckoo species greater roadrunner, it runs very quickly on road surfaces

Geococcyx californianus
Geococcyx californianus#Translingual

greater roadrunner, Geococcyx californianus


小道走

ja-noun

小(こ)道(みち)走(ばしり) or 小道走(コミチバシリ) • (komichibashiri)

小道走 (canonical)
小道走 (canonical)
komichibashiri (romanization)

小(こ) (ko, “less, little”) + 道走(ミチバシリ) (michibashiri, “roadrunner”)

ja-compound

2019 August 1, mantiscentipede, “Chijō o bakusō suru rōdorannā, ōmichibashiri to wa? [What is the roadrunner, ōmichibashiri, that thunders over the land?]”, in Shumi o katarō:

Two species, the lesser roadrunner and greater roadrunner, are known there by the generic name roadrunner.

現地では、コミチバシリとオオミチバシリの２種を総称してロードランナーと呼びます。

Genchi de wa, komichibashiri to ōmichibashiri no nishu o sōshō shite rōdorannā to yobimasu.

Geococcyx velox
Geococcyx velox#Translingual


三味線貝

ja-noun

三(しゃ)味(み)線(せん)貝(がい) • (shamisengai) ^(←しやみせんがひ (syamisengafi)?)

三味線貝 (canonical)
shamisengai (romanization)
syamisengafi (romanization)
しやみせんがひ (hiragana historical)

[ɕa̠mʲisẽ̞ŋɡa̠i]

Compound of 三味線 (shamisen, a Japanese plucked string instrument) + 貝 (kai, “shellfish”).
The kai changes to gai as an instance of rendaku (連濁)..

compound

a lamp shell, lingulate brachiopod of the family Lingulidae

酸漿貝

lampshell excluding the lingulate brachiopods


女冠者

ja-noun

女(め)冠(か)者(じゃ) • (mekaja) ^(←めくわじや (mekwazya)?)

女冠者 (canonical)
mekaja (romanization)
mekwazya (romanization)
めくわじや (hiragana historical)

1689, Ihara Saikaku, 一目玉鉾 [Hitotsume Tamaboko]:

• Lord of Yanagawa: Tachibana Hida-no-kami-dono (Tachibana Akitora)
　Specialties here: umitake (bamboo coral), mekaja (lamp shell), agemaki (Sinonovacula constricta) that is a shell of the rocky shore

○柳川の城主 立花飛騨守殿
 此所の名物 海竹 女冠者 あげまき 是礒貝也

• Yanagawa no jōshu Tachibana Hida-no-kami-dono
 Koko no meibutsu umitake mekaja agemaki kore isogai nari

(dialectal, Northwestern Kyūshū) a lamp shell, lingulate brachiopod (Lingulidae)


射干玉

From Old Japanese.
The 射干 part, read yakan in Sino-Japanese, refers to the 檜扇 (hiōgi, “blackberry lily, Iris domestica”).

a blackberry lily seed or fruit, usually one that is jet-black and spherical


射干玉

Appears to be a Heian-period shift of Old Japanese 射干玉 (nubatama) or classical 烏羽玉 (ubatama).

(archaic) a blackberry lily seed or fruit, usually one that is jet-black and spherical


多肉植物

多(た)肉(にく)植(しょく)物(ぶつ) • (taniku shokubutsu)

多肉植物 (canonical)
taniku shokubutsu (romanization)

[ta̠ɲ̟ikɯ̟ ɕo̞kɯ̟bɯ̟t͡sɨ]


棒振

棒(ぼう)振(ふら) or 棒振(ボウフラ) • (bōfura) ^(←ばうふら (baufura) or バウフラ (baufura)?)

棒振 (canonical)
棒振 (canonical)
bōfura (romanization)
baufura (romanization)
ばうふら (hiragana historical)
バウフラ (hiragana historical)

[bo̞ːɸɯ̟ɾa̠]

First attested in the Edo period.
Shift from bōfuri (see below).


棒振

棒(ぼう)振(ふり) • (bōfuri) ^(←ばうふり (baufuri)?)

棒振 (canonical)
bōfuri (romanization)
baufuri (romanization)
ばうふり (hiragana historical)

[bo̞ːɸɯ̟ɾʲi]

Shortened from 棒振り虫 (bōfurimushi, literally “stick-waving insect”).


木天蓼

木天蓼 (canonical)
木天蓼 (canonical)
matatabi (romanization)


単勝式

単勝式 (canonical)
tanshōshiki (romanization)

[tã̠ɰ̃ɕo̞ːɕikʲi]

betting system where one bets regarding the winner

betting ticket where one bets regarding the winner


馬券

勝馬投票券

勝馬投票券 かちうまとうひょうけん


矮化

矮化 (canonical)
waika (romanization)
waikwa (romanization)
わいくわ (hiragana historical)


無窮花

[mɯ̟ɡɯ̟̃ɰ̃ɸa̠]

(poetic) Hibiscus syriacus (in the context of Korea; the hibiscus is the national flower of South Korea)


猫吸い

→ Mandarin: 吸貓 /吸猫 (xīmāo)

From 猫(ねこ) (neko, “cat”) + 吸(す)い (sui, “sucking, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 吸(す)う (suu, “to suck”).”).


灰汁柴

灰汁柴 (canonical)
灰汁柴 (canonical)
akushiba (romanization)

Vaccinium japonicum, a species of cranberry


松房

a species of climbing vine (Schisandra repanda)


丁子

ja-noun

丁(ちょう)子(じ) or 丁子(チョウジ) • (chōji)

丁子 (canonical)
丁子 (canonical)
chōji (romanization)

Syzygium aromaticum
Syzygium aromaticum#Translingual


花虻

花虻 (canonical)
花虻 (canonical)
hanaabu (romanization)


岩蟹

striped shore crab (Pachygrapsus crassipes)


蓑虫

蓑虫 (canonical)
蓑虫 (canonical)
minomushi (romanization)

bagworm, larva of moths of the family Psychidae


京菜

京(きょう)菜(な) or 京菜(キョウナ) • (kyōna) ^(←きゃうな (kyauna)?)

京菜 (canonical)
京菜 (canonical)
kyōna (romanization)
kyauna (romanization)
きゃうな (hiragana historical)

Lit. capital vegetable, 京(きょう) (kyō, “the capital, Kyōto”) + 菜(な) (na, “vegetable”)

ja-compound

(specifically) mizuna that was grown around Kyoto


アルバトロス

[a̠ɾɯ̟ba̠to̞ɾo̞sɨ]


甲蠃

9-10th centuries, Saibara (催馬楽): Waie (我家):

御肴に何よけむ鮑栄螺か甲蠃よけむ

Mi-sakana ni nani yokemu awabi sadao ka kase yokemu

What would be good for the side dish? Would abalone, turban shell or sea urchin be good?


雁甲蠃

雁(がん) (gan, “wild goose”) + 甲蠃(がぜ) (gaze, “sea urchin”, dialectal).

long-spined sea urchin (Diadema setosum)


台湾猿

台湾猿 (canonical)
taiwanzaru (romanization)


獅子尾猿

獅子尾猿 (canonical)
shishiozaru (romanization)


かけあし

駆け足で電車に乗る

駈歩, 駆歩: (equestrianism) canter, the fastest speed at which a horse moves


かけあし

かけあしする (canonical)
kakeashi suru (romanization)
かけあしし (stem)
かけあしした (past)
かけあしし
kakeashi shi
かけあしする
kakeashi suru
かけあしすれ
kakeashi sure
かけあしせよ (imperative literary)
かけあししろ (colloquial imperative)
kakeashi seyo (imperative literary)
kakeashi shiro (colloquial imperative)
かけあしされる (passive)
kakeashi sareru (passive)
かけあしさせる (causative)
かけあしさす (causative)
kakeashi saseru (causative)
kakeashi sasu (causative)
かけあしできる (potential)
kakeashi dekiru (potential)
かけあししよう (volitional)
kakeashi shiyō (volitional)
かけあししない (negative)
kakeashi shinai (negative)
かけあしせず (continuative negative)
kakeashi sezu (continuative negative)
かけあしします (formal)
kakeashi shimasu (formal)
かけあしした (perfective)
kakeashi shita (perfective)
かけあしして (conjunctive)
kakeashi shite (conjunctive)
かけあしすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kakeashi sureba (conditional hypothetical)


うるち

uruchi (romanization)
uruti (romanization)
うるち (hiragana historical)

Compare 粳 (urushine) and dialectal forms such as うるし (urushi).


闘魚

ja-noun

闘(とう)魚(ぎょ) or 闘魚(トウギョ) • (tōgyo)

闘魚 (canonical)
闘魚 (canonical)
tōgyo (romanization)

Compound of 闘(とう) (tō, “to fight”) + 魚(ぎょ) (gyo, “fish”).

ja-compound

Betta, a genus of fish in the family gourami (Osphronemidae)


葵藿

ja-noun

葵(き)藿(かく) • (kikaku) ^(←きくわく (kikwaku)?)

葵藿 (canonical)
kikaku (romanization)
kikwaku (romanization)
きくわく (hiragana historical)

/kikʷaku/ → /kikaku/
From Middle Chinese 葵藿 (MC gjwij xwak), itself likely first attested from a poem by Jiang Yan.

(book 5, introduction to poem 864), text here
[...] 宜戀_レ主之誠、誠逾_二犬馬_一仰_レ德之心、心同_二葵藿_一。[...]
Yoroshi's yearning for his master is sincere, one exceeding that of a dog for its horse; looking up with virtue on his mind, that mind the same as if were Chinese mallows.

(by extension, figurative) an illustration of respect towards (or longing for) a lord or other person of high virtue (as if a mallow tilts itself towards the sun)


有明

From 有り (ari, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative”) and 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal”) forms of classical verb 有り (ari), “to exist”) + 明け (ake, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative”) forms of classical verb 明く (aku), “to open → to dawn”).

com

Allium schoenoprasum
Allium schoenoprasum#Translingual

(archaic women's speech) Synonym of 浅葱 (asatsuki): the chive, Allium schoenoprasum


げじげじ

げじげじ (canonical)
ゲジゲジ (canonical)
gejigeji (romanization)

[ɡe̞ʑiɡe̞ʑi]


きす

きす (canonical)
キス (canonical)
kisu (romanization)
きす (hiragana historical)


野鴨

From 野(の) (no, “wild; field”) + 鴨(かも) (kamo, “duck”). The kamo changes to gamo as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


漂鳥

ja-noun

漂(ひょう)鳥(ちょう) • (hyōchō) ^(←へうてう (feuteu)?)

漂鳥 (canonical)
hyōchō (romanization)
feuteu (romanization)
へうてう (hiragana historical)

[ço̞ːt͡ɕo̞ː]

migratory bird (that stays within Japan)


菜っ葉

→ English: napa

⇒ English: napa cabbage

From 菜(な) (na, “vegetable”) + 葉(は) (ha, “leaf”).


老猫

ja-noun

老(ろう)猫(びょう) • (rōbyō) ^(←らうべう (raubeu)?)

老猫 (canonical)
rōbyō (romanization)
raubeu (romanization)
らうべう (hiragana historical)


伊吹

伊吹 (canonical)
伊吹 (canonical)
ibuki (romanization)


ロードランナー

ロードランナー • (rōdorannā)

[ɾo̞ːdo̞ɾã̠nːa̠ː]


いななく

ja-verb

いななく • (inanaku) ^(←いななく (inanaku)?)godan (stem いななき (inanaki), past いなないた (inanaita))

inanaku (romanization)
いななき (stem)
いなないた (past)
いななか
inanaka
いななき
inanaki
いななく
inanaku
いななけ
inanake
いななかれる (passive)
inanakareru (passive)
いななかせる (causative)
いななかす (causative)
inanakaseru (causative)
inanakasu (causative)
いななける (potential)
inanakeru (potential)
いななこう (volitional)
inanakō (volitional)
いななかない (negative)
inanakanai (negative)
いななかず (continuative negative)
inanakazu (continuative negative)
いななきます (formal)
inanakimasu (formal)
いなないた (perfective)
inanaita (perfective)
いなないて (conjunctive)
inanaite (conjunctive)
いななけば (conditional hypothetical)
inanakeba (conditional hypothetical)


辣韮

ja-noun

辣(らっ)韮(きょう) or 辣韮(ラッキョウ) • (rakkyō) ^(←らつきよう (ratukyou)?)

辣韮 (canonical)
辣韮 (canonical)
rakkyō (romanization)
ratukyou (romanization)
らつきよう (hiragana historical)

→ English: rakkyo

[ɾa̠k̚ʲkʲo̞ː]

Allium chinense
Allium chinense#Translingual


狆穴子

狆(ちん)穴(あな)子(ご) or 狆穴子(チンアナゴ) • (chin-anago) ^(←ちんあなご (tin'anago)?)

狆穴子 (canonical)
狆穴子 (canonical)
chin-anago (romanization)
tin'anago (romanization)
ちんあなご (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕĩɰ̃a̠na̠ɡo̞]

From 狆(ちん) (chin, “Pekinese (dog)”) + 穴子(あなご) (anago, “conger eel”), from the resemblance of its face to the Pekinese.


ひさぎ

hisagi (romanization)
fisagi (romanization)
ひさぎ (hiragana historical)

大辞泉 w:ja:大辞泉

日本国語大辞典 w:ja:日本国語大辞典

大辞林 w:ja:大辞林

(obsolete) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

大辞泉 w:ja:大辞泉

日本国語大辞典 w:ja:日本国語大辞典

あかめがしわ あかめがしわ#Japanese

大辞林 w:ja:大辞林


玉虫

玉虫 (canonical)
玉虫 (canonical)
tamamushi (romanization)

jewel beetle, a beetle of the family Buprestidae


白玉椿

白玉椿 (canonical)
shiratama tsubaki (romanization)

白玉(しらたま) (shiratama, “white gem”) + 椿(つばき) (tsubaki, “camellia”)

Camellia japonica
Camellia japonica#Translingual

a white-flowered camellia, Camellia japonica


鮭児

From 鮭(けい) (kei, “salmon”) + 児(じ) (ji, “child”).

Immature fatty salmon. It is rare and valued.


和牛

和牛 (canonical)
wagyū (romanization)
wagiu (romanization)
わぎう (hiragana historical)

2019 May 12, “Chūgoku ‘wagyū bokujō’, kisha no hōmon ni piripiri ‘nani shi ni kita’ [China ‘wagyu ranch’ on edge during reporter’s visit: ‘what did you come here for?’]”, in Asahi Shimbun:

Osaka Prefectural Police have arrested men allegedly involved in transporting wagyu embryos to China illegally as well as a stock farmer who allegedly supplied the fertilized eggs.

和牛の受精卵などを中国へ不正に持ち出そうとしたとして、運搬に関わったとされる男性らや受精卵を提供したとされる畜産農家が大阪府警に逮捕される事件があった。

Wagyū no juseiran nado o Chūgoku e fusei ni mochidasō to shita to shite, unpan ni kakawatta to sareru dansei-ra ya juseiran o teikyō shita to sareru chikusan nōka ga Ōsaka fukei ni taiho sareru jiken ga atta.

wagyu (Japanese breeds of cattle prone to high fat production)


ぽち

ぽち (canonical)
ポチ (canonical)
Pochi (romanization)

There are various theories about the derivation:
*English spotty
*English pooch
*French petit (“small, little, petty”)


啄木

啄木 (canonical)
啄木 (canonical)
takuboku (romanization)


海猫

海猫 (canonical)
海猫 (canonical)
umineko (romanization)

海(うみ) (umi, “sea”) + 猫(ねこ) (neko, “cat”), comparing its cry with that of a cat. Compare English seamew.

Larus crassirostris
Larus crassirostris#Translingual


相思鳥

ja-noun

相(そう)思(し)鳥(ちょう) or 相思鳥(ソウシチョウ) • (sōshichō)

相思鳥 (canonical)
相思鳥 (canonical)
sōshichō (romanization)

[so̞ːɕit͡ɕo̞ː]

red-billed leiothrix
red-billed leiothrix

red-billed leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea), a small bird


あかむつ

あかむつ or アカムツ • (akamutsu) ^(←あかむつ (akamutu)?)

あかむつ (canonical)
アカムツ (canonical)
akamutsu (romanization)
akamutu (romanization)
あかむつ (hiragana historical)


のどぐろ

のどぐろ or ノドグロ • (nodoguro) ^(←のどぐろ (nodoguro)?)

のどぐろ (canonical)
ノドグロ (canonical)
nodoguro (romanization)
のどぐろ (hiragana historical)

[no̞do̞ɡɯ̟ɾo̞]

2020 December 15, “高級志向の猫専用土産 尾頭付きのどぐろの真空パックも”, in 産経ニュース:

尾頭付きのどぐろの真空パック

大辞泉 w:ja:大辞泉

(especially San'in) Synonym of あかむつ (akamutsu, “Doederleinia berycoides”)


激走

激(げき)走(そう) • (gekisō) ^(←げきそう (gekisou)?)

激走 (canonical)
gekisō (romanization)
gekisou (romanization)
げきそう (hiragana historical)


激走

激走する (canonical)
gekisō suru (romanization)
gekisou (romanization)
激走し (stem)
激走した (past)
激走し
げきそうし
gekisō shi
激走する
げきそうする
gekisō suru
激走すれ
げきそうすれ
gekisō sure
激走せよ (imperative literary)
激走しろ (colloquial imperative)
げきそうせよ (imperative literary)
げきそうしろ (colloquial imperative)
gekisō seyo (imperative literary)
gekisō shiro (colloquial imperative)
激走される (passive)
げきそうされる (passive)
gekisō sareru (passive)
激走させる (causative)
激走さす (causative)
げきそうさせる (causative)
げきそうさす (causative)
gekisō saseru (causative)
gekisō sasu (causative)
激走できる (potential)
げきそうできる (potential)
gekisō dekiru (potential)
激走しよう (volitional)
げきそうしよう (volitional)
gekisō shiyō (volitional)
激走しない (negative)
げきそうしない (negative)
gekisō shinai (negative)
激走せず (continuative negative)
げきそうせず (continuative negative)
gekisō sezu (continuative negative)
激走します (formal)
げきそうします (formal)
gekisō shimasu (formal)
激走した (perfective)
げきそうした (perfective)
gekisō shita (perfective)
激走して (conjunctive)
げきそうして (conjunctive)
gekisō shite (conjunctive)
激走すれば (conditional hypothetical)
げきそうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
gekisō sureba (conditional hypothetical)


木蓮

木蓮 (canonical)
木蓮 (canonical)
mokuren (romanization)


手蔓藻蔓

手蔓藻蔓 (canonical)
tezurumozuru (romanization)

[te̞zɨɾɯ̟mo̞zɨɾɯ̟]


紅檜

紅檜 (canonical)
紅檜 (canonical)
benihi (romanization)

Taiwan red cypress, Chamaecyparis formosensis


金糸猴

金(きん)糸(し)猴(こう) or 金糸猴(キンシコウ) • (kinshikō) ^(←きんしこう (kinsikou)?)

金糸猴 (canonical)
金糸猴 (canonical)
kinshikō (romanization)
kinsikou (romanization)
きんしこう (hiragana historical)

[kʲĩɰ̃ɕiko̞ː]

the golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana); known in popular culture for supposedly being the model of fictional character Sun Wukong


羊歯

羊歯 (canonical)
羊歯 (canonical)
shida (romanization)


苦栗茸

苦(にが)栗(くり)茸(たけ) or 苦栗茸(ニガクリタケ) • (nigakuritake)

苦栗茸 (canonical)
苦栗茸 (canonical)
nigakuritake (romanization)

[ɲ̟iɡa̠kɯ̟ɾʲita̠ke̞]

Literally, “bitter chestnut mushroom”, 苦(にが) (niga, “bitter, painful”) + 栗茸(くりたけ) (kuritake, “chestnut mushroom”)

ja-compound

sulphur tuft, Hypholoma fasciculare; a poisonous mushroom species endemic to Europe, Asia, and North America


栗茸

栗茸 (canonical)
栗茸 (canonical)
kuritake (romanization)

chestnut mushroom, brick cap, Hypholoma lateritium; a mushroom species endemic to Europe, Asia, and North America


クレソン

[kɯ̟ɾe̞sõ̞ɴ]

阿蘭陀芥子

阿蘭陀芥子 オランダガラシ


山繭蛾

山繭蛾 (canonical)
yamamayuga (romanization)

Japanese oak silkmoth, Antheraea yamamai


山繭

山繭 (canonical)
山繭 (canonical)
yamamayu (romanization)


天蚕

2014 January 31, “Tensan no shokai [Introduction to tensan]”, in Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University:

Tensan is one species of silkworm endemic to Japan. Silk from the cocoon of tensan is a beautiful green, rare and highly valued silk.

天蚕は、日本原産のカイコガの一種です。天蚕の繭からとれた絹は美しい緑色をした希少価値の高い絹でした。

Tensan wa, Nihon gensan no kaikoga no isshu desu. Tensan no mayu kara toreta kinu wa utsukushī midorīro o shita kishō kachi no takai kinu deshita.


公魚

公魚 (canonical)
公魚 (canonical)
wakasagi (romanization)

wakasagi, Hypomesus nipponensis, a species of smelt


灰貝

ja-noun

灰(はい)貝(がい) or 灰貝(ハイガイ) • (haigai) ^(←はひがひ (fafigafi) or ハヒガヒ (fafigafi)?)

灰貝 (canonical)
灰貝 (canonical)
haigai (romanization)
fafigafi (romanization)
はひがひ (hiragana historical)
ハヒガヒ (hiragana historical)

blood cockle, blood clam (an Asian species of bivalve resembling the cockle) (Tegillarca granosa)


轡虫

轡(くつわ)虫(むし) or 轡虫(クツワムシ) • (kutsuwa mushi)

轡虫 (canonical)
轡虫 (canonical)
kutsuwa mushi (romanization)

giant katydid, Mecopoda niponensis, a species of katydid in the family Tettigoniidae


蝮草

蝮(まむし)草(ぐさ) or 蝮草(マムシグサ) • (mamushigusa)

蝮草 (canonical)
蝮草 (canonical)
mamushigusa (romanization)

Literally, “pit viper grass”, 蝮(まむし) (mamushi, “pit viper”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass, plant”)

ja-compound

Arisaema serratum, a species of cobra lily


閑子鳥

Alternative spelling, replacing 古 (ko, “old”) with 子 (ko, “child; small thing”).
Also analyzable as a compound of 閑 (kan, “lonesome”) + 子鳥 (kodori, “little bird”).


甘松

ja-noun

甘松(かんしょう) • (kanshō)


不香の花

不香の花 (canonical)
fukyō no hana (romanization)


南蛮煙管

南蛮煙管(なんばんぎせる) or 南蛮煙管(ナンバンギセル) • (nanban-giseru)

南蛮煙管 (canonical)
南蛮煙管 (canonical)
nanban-giseru (romanization)

[nã̠mba̠ŋʲ ɡʲise̞ɾɯ̟]

Compound of 南蛮 (nanban, “southern barbarians”, in reference to the Spanish and Portuguese traders of the 1500s-1600s) + 煙管 (kiseru, “pipe”), perhaps from the way that the flower and stem are shaped roughly like a European smoking pipe. The kiseru changes to giseru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First attested in the 日本植物名彙 (Nihon Shokubutsu Meii, “Japanese Plant Names”), a reference work from 1884.

compound

Aeginetia indica: Indian broomrape or forest ghost flower


あやかし

a yokai that appears above seawater during shipwrecks

何万年 妖(あやかし)たちは
踊る 夜宴の夢

2020 September 19, Mafumafu (lyrics and music), “百鬼夜行 [Night Parade of A Hundred Demons]”:

For myriads of years, the yokai
Have been dancing, our soiree dreams

Nanmannen ayakashi-tachi wa
Odoru yaen no yume

コバンザメ コバンザメ#Japanese

Synonym of コバンザメ (kobanzame, “live sharksucker”)

a type of Noh mask representing ghosts or spirits


むくげ

むくげ (canonical)
ムクゲ (canonical)
mukuge (romanization)
むくげ (hiragana historical)

Dissimilation of *muguge, the go-on reading of 無窮花, cf. Korean 무궁화(無窮花) (mugunghwa, “hibiscus”).


花水木

ja-noun

花(はな)水(みず)木(き) • (hanamizuki) ^(←はなみづき (fanamiduki)?)

花水木 (canonical)
hanamizuki (romanization)
fanamiduki (romanization)
はなみづき (hiragana historical)

Cornus florida
Cornus florida#Translingual

Cornus florida, the flowering dogwood, a species of flowering tree in the family Cornaceae native to eastern North America and northern Mexico.


単孔目

単孔目 (canonical)
Tankōmoku (romanization)

[tã̠ŋko̞ːmo̞kɯ̟]


土筆

Holonym: 杉菜 (sugina)


赤髭

赤髭 (canonical)
赤髭 (canonical)
akahige (romanization)


マンチ

From English munchies, with customary removal of inflection.

(slang) munchies (cannabis-induced hunger)


魴鮄

魴(ほう)鮄(ぼう) or 魴鮄(ホウボウ) • (hōbō) ^(←はうぼう (faubou)?)

魴鮄 (canonical)
魴鮄 (canonical)
hōbō (romanization)
faubou (romanization)
はうぼう (hiragana historical)

the spiny red gurnard, Chelidonichthys spinosus. Found in Japan, it is known for unusual traits such as leg-like appendages and the ability to vocalize.


くすのき

くすのき or クスノキ • (kusu-no-ki) ^(←くすのき (kusu-no-ki)?)

くすのき (canonical)
クスノキ (canonical)
kusu-no-ki (romanization)
くすのき (hiragana historical)

Cinnamomum camphora
Cinnamomum camphora#Translingual


とちのき

とちのき or トチノキ • (tochi-no-ki) ^(←とちのき (toti-no-ki)?)

とちのき (canonical)
トチノキ (canonical)
tochi-no-ki (romanization)
toti-no-ki (romanization)
とちのき (hiragana historical)

From 栃(とち) (tochi) + の (no) + 木(き) (ki).


かぼす

かぼす (canonical)
カボス (canonical)
kabosu (romanization)
かぼす (hiragana historical)


鯥五郎

鯥(むつ)五(ご)郎(ろう) or 鯥五郎(ムツゴロウ) • (mutsugorō) ^(←むつごらう (mutugorau)?)

鯥五郎 (canonical)
鯥五郎 (canonical)
mutsugorō (romanization)
mutugorau (romanization)
むつごらう (hiragana historical)

[mɯ̟t͡sɨɡo̞ɾo̞ː]

great blue spotted mudskipper, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris


石楠花

石(しゃく)楠(な)花(げ) or 石楠花(シャクナゲ) • (shakunage) ^(←しやくなげ (syakunage)?)

石楠花 (canonical)
石楠花 (canonical)
shakunage (romanization)
syakunage (romanization)
しやくなげ (hiragana historical)

various rhododendron species of the subgenus Rhododendron subg. Hymenanthes


赤飯

赤(あか)飯(まんま) • (akamanma) ^(←あかまんま (akamanma)?)

赤飯 (canonical)
akamanma (romanization)
あかまんま (hiragana historical)


黄楊

黄楊 (canonical)
黄楊 (canonical)
tsuge (romanization)

Japanese box, Buxus microphylla var. japonica


にべ

にべ (canonical)
ニベ (canonical)
nibe (romanization)
にべ (hiragana historical)

→ Translingual: Nibea

⇒ English: nibe croaker

鮸: nibe croaker, honnibe croaker, Nibea mitsukurii


忠犬

忠犬ハチ公


白口

白口 (canonical)
白口 (canonical)
shiroguchi (romanization)

[ɕiɾo̞ɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]

Possibly a compound of 白(しろ) (shiro, “white”) + 口(くち) (kuchi, “mouth”). The kuchi changes to guchi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Possibly from 白(しろ) (shiro, “white”) + 愚(ぐ)痴(ち) (guchi, “complaint, grumbling”), referring to the resemblance of the sound produced by their inflated swim bladders to a person complaining.

ja-com

Pennahia argentata: white croaker, silver croaker, silver jewfish


くわえタバコ

ja-noun

くわえタバコ • (kuwae-tabako) ^(←くはへタバコ (kufafe-tabako)?)

kuwae-tabako (romanization)
kufafe-tabako (romanization)
くはへタバコ (hiragana historical)

1945, “ラバウル小唄 (Rabauru Kouta)”, 若杉雄三郎 (lyrics):

星がまたたく あの星見れば
くわえタバコも ほろにがい

hoshi ga matataku ano hoshi mireba
kuwae-tabako mo horonigai

holding a cigar in one's mouth (without hands)


久年母

久(く)年(ねん)母(ぼ) or 久年母(クネンボ) • (kunenbo) ^(←くねんぼ (kunenbo)?)

久年母 (canonical)
久年母 (canonical)
kunenbo (romanization)
くねんぼ (hiragana historical)

Citrus reticulata
Citrus reticulata#Translingual

mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata, syn. Citrus nobilis)


萌黄茸

萌(もえ)黄(ぎ)茸(たけ) or 萌黄茸(モエギタケ) • (moegitake)

萌黄茸 (canonical)
萌黄茸 (canonical)
moegitake (romanization)

1983, Nanba Tsuneo, Mikage Masayuki, Doku no aru shokubutsu [Poisonous plants], page 54:

Sulphur tuft. Strophariacea family
This small greenish yellow mushroom, if ingested, has a bitter taste.

ニガクリタケ モエギタケ科
緑がかった黄色の小さなキノコで、食べると苦味があります。

Nigakuritake moegitake ka
Midori gakatta kīro no chīsana kinoko de, taberu to nigami ga arimasu.

Strophariaceae, a taxonomic family of mushrooms


水綿

水綿(あおみどろ) or 水綿(アオミドロ) • (aomidoro) ^(←あをみどろ (awomidoro) or アヲミドロ (awomidoro)?)

水綿 (canonical)
水綿 (canonical)
aomidoro (romanization)
awomidoro (romanization)
あをみどろ (hiragana historical)
アヲミドロ (hiragana historical)


ゆで卵

ゆで卵 (canonical)
yudetamago (romanization)


パイン

2014, Yamī-san x Karudi no shunyū shokuzai de tsukuru kantan! oishii! gochisō reshipi [Yummy and Kaldi’s introductory cooking to make simple! delicious! feasting recipes], page 33:

Coconut milk and pineapple cold noodles. I ate these completely delicious, sweet and sour noodles in Thailand.

ココナッツミルクとパインの冷たいそうめん タイで食べたとってもおいしい甘酸っぱい麺。

Kokonattsu miruku to pain no tsumetai sōmen Tai de tabeta tottemo oishii amazuppai men.

パイナップル パイナップル#Japanese

Short for パイナップル (painappuru, “pineapple”).


極楽鳥花

極(ごく)楽(らく)鳥(ちょう)花(か) • (gokurakuchōka) ^(←ごくらくてうくわ (gokurakuteukwa)?)

極楽鳥花 (canonical)
gokurakuchōka (romanization)
gokurakuteukwa (romanization)
ごくらくてうくわ (hiragana historical)

[ɡo̞kɯ̟ɾa̠kɯ̟̊t͡ɕo̞ːka̠]

極楽鳥 (“bird of paradise”, the animal) + 花 (“flower”)

af

ja:ゴクラクチョウカ属


オジサン

From おじさん (oji-san, “middle-aged man”), from the two "middle-aged"-looking barbels on this fish's chin.

くたびれたオジサン。
このところ、疲(つか)れがなかなか抜(ぬ)けません。

2020 November 14, “オジサン [Unclefish]”, in デッキ改(かい)造(ぞう)パック 幻(げん)撃(げき)のミラージュインパクト‼ [Deck-Modifying Pack: Mirage Impact of Mirage Impacts‼]:

A tired unclefish.
He gets tired so easily these days.

Kutabireta oji-san.
Kono tokoro, tsukare ga nakanaka nukemasen.


ぶりぶり

[bɯ̟ɾʲibɯ̟ɾʲi]


アメリカムシクイ

From アメリカ (Amerika) + 虫食(むしく)い (mushikui).

New World warblers, American wood warblers, Parulidae, a taxonomic family of birds


ラリパッパ

(slang) muddleheaded, under the influence of drugs


はんじゅくたまご

ja-noun

はんじゅくたまご • (hanjuku-tamago) ^(←はんじゆくたまご (fanzyuku-tamago)?)

hanjuku-tamago (romanization)
fanzyuku-tamago (romanization)
はんじゆくたまご (hiragana historical)

[hã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑɨkɯ̟ta̠ma̠ɡo̞]

From 半熟(はんじゅく) (hanjuku) + 卵(たまご) (tamago).


ポインター

ポインター • (pointā)


うさちゃん

[ɯ̟sa̠t͡ɕã̠ɴ]

From a clipping of 兎 (usagi) + ちゃん (-chan).


ツェツェバエ

From ツェツェ (tsetse) + 蝿 (hae). The hae changes to bae as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


甘海老

甘海老 (canonical)
甘海老 (canonical)
amaebi (romanization)

From 甘(あま) (ama-, “sweet”) + 海老(えび) (ebi, “shrimp”).

ja-compound

北国赤海老 北国赤海老#Japanese

(common name) Synonym of 北国赤海老 (hokkoku akaebi, “Pandalus eous, a species of shrimp valued in Japan”)


かばしら

Compound of 蚊 (ka, “mosquito”) + 柱 (hashira, “column, pillar”). From the way that a swarm of mosquitoes tends to gather in a roughly vertical shape. The hashira changes to bashira as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First cited to the early 1200s.

compound

a "mosquito column": a swarm of mosquitoes


蝶形

ja-noun

蝶(ちょう)形(がた) • (chōgata) ^(←てふがた (tefugata)?)

蝶(ちょう)形(けい) • (chōkei) ^(←てふけい (tefukei)?)

蝶形 (canonical)
chōgata (romanization)
tefugata (romanization)
てふがた (hiragana historical)
蝶形 (canonical)
chōkei (romanization)
tefukei (romanization)
てふけい (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕo̞ːɡa̠ta̠]

[t͡ɕo̞ːke̞ː]


中猫

cat older than a kitten but not yet an adult


だしこ

dried small sardines (used to make fish stock)

(crime, slang) person who withdraws the cash in a bank transfer scam


フゲンゾウ

Fugenzō (romanization)
Fugenzau (romanization)
フゲンザウ (historical katakana)

[ɸɯ̟ɡẽ̞nd͡zo̞ː]

普賢 (Fugen, “Samantabhadra”) + 象 (zō, “elephant”). See also 六牙の白象 (Rokuge no Byakuzō).


六牙の白象

ja-pos

^ろくげ の ^びゃくぞう

^ろくげ の ^びゃくざう

六(ろく)牙(げ)の白(びゃく)象(ぞう) • (Rokuge no Byakuzō) ^(←ろくげのびゃくざう (Rokuge no Byakuzau)?)

六牙の白象 (canonical)
Rokuge no Byakuzō (romanization)
Rokuge no Byakuzau (romanization)
ろくげのびゃくざう (hiragana historical)

[ɾo̞kɯ̟ɡe̞ no̞ bʲa̠kɯ̟zo̞ː]

六 (“six”) + 牙 (“fang; tusk”) + の (attributive marker) + 白象 (“white elephant”)

af

the six-tusked white elephant that 普賢 (Fugen, “Samantabhadra”) rides


因幡の白兎

ja-pos

^いなば の ^しろ.うさぎ

因(いな)幡(ば)の白(しろ)兎(うさぎ) • (Inaba no Shirousagi)

因幡の白兎 (canonical)
Inaba no Shirousagi (romanization)

Old Japanese 稻羽之素菟 (Inaba no₂ Sirousagi). 因幡 (Inaba) + の (no, genitive marker) + 白兎 (shirousagi, “white/bare rabbit/hare”).

af

the Hare of Inaba (a hare who got stripped bare of its fur by 鰐 (wani, “crocodiles”), but saved by 大国主 (Ōkuninushi))


蓮華

蓮華 (canonical)
蓮華 (canonical)
renge (romanization)

Nelumbo nucifera
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:蓮華

From Middle Chinese 蓮華 (MC len hwae).
First cited in Japanese to a text from 940.

a kind of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) featuring the lotus in the design

short for 蓮華座 (rengeza, “lotus throne”), the lotus-shaped dais on which Buddhist statuary is placed

蓮華座

レンゲですくう

蓮華, レンゲ: short for 散り蓮華 (chiri renge, “a traditional Asian-style porcelain flat-bottomed soup spoon”)

Synonym of 紫雲英 (genge, “Astragalus sinicus (Chinese milkvetch)”)


小庭

小庭 (canonical)
koniwa (romanization)
konifa (romanization)
こには (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ɲ̟iβ̞a̠]

Superficially, 小(こ) (ko, “small”) + 庭(にわ) (niwa, “garden”).

ja-compound

(equestrianism) a narrow training ground for practicing the use of longswords on horseback


菊戴

ja-noun

菊(きく)戴(いただき) or 菊戴(キクイタダキ) • (kikuitadaki)

菊戴 (canonical)
菊戴 (canonical)
kikuitadaki (romanization)

Compound of 菊(きく) (kiku, “chrysanthemum”) + 戴(いただ)き (itadaki, “top → crown”), from the bird’s crest plumed like the flower.

ja-compound

Regulus regulus
Regulus regulus#Translingual


檜葉

檜葉 (canonical)
檜葉 (canonical)
hiba (romanization)

Synonym of 翌檜 (asunaro, “false aborvitae, Thujopsis dolabrata”)


原茸

原茸 (canonical)
原茸 (canonical)
haratake (romanization)

Agaricus campestris
Agaricus campestris#Translingual


馬番

(horse racing) number assigned to horses in a race


出走馬

[ɕɨsːo̞ːba̠]

(horse racing) horses participating in a race


鬼燻

鬼燻 (canonical)
鬼燻 (canonical)
onifusube (romanization)

[o̞ɲ̟iɸɯ̟sɨbe̞]

馬勃 一名馬疕_(楊玄操、音疋婢反)一名馬𥧔勃_(仁諝、音疋二反、下部出気也)一名馬介_(出兼名苑)一名馬介 一名馬蘭_(已上、出雑要決)和名於尔布須倍

c. 918, 深根輔仁 [Fukane Sukehito], 本草和名 [Japanese Names of Herbs, Honzō Wamyō]:

Calvatia nipponica, a type of mushroom belonging to the Agaricaceae family


うまごみ

From 馬(うま) (uma) + 込(こ)み (komi). The komi changes to gomi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

(especially horse racing) crowd of horses


馬群

馬群 (canonical)
bagun (romanization)
ばぐん (hiragana historical)


野芝

野芝 (canonical)
野芝 (canonical)
noshiba (romanization)


白大原茸

ja-noun

白(しろ)大(おお)原(はら)茸(たけ) or 白大原茸(シロオオハラタケ) • (shiroōharatake)

白大原茸 (canonical)
白大原茸 (canonical)
shiroōharatake (romanization)

白(しろ) (shiro, “white”) + 大(おお) (ō, “big”) + 原茸(はらたけ) (haratake, “meadow mushroom”).


鉄線

ja-noun

鉄(てっ)線(せん) or 鉄線(テッセン) • (tessen) ^(←てつせん (tetusen)?)

鉄線 (canonical)
鉄線 (canonical)
tessen (romanization)
tetusen (romanization)
てつせん (hiragana historical)


真竹

真竹 (canonical)
真竹 (canonical)
madake (romanization)

From 真(ま) (ma, “true”) + 竹(たけ) (take, “bamboo”).

ja-compound

timber bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides)


女竹

女竹 (canonical)
女竹 (canonical)
medake (romanization)

From 女(め) (me, “female”) + 竹(たけ) (take, “bamboo”). The take changes to dake as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pleioblastus simonii, a bamboo used in crafts and pre-modern construction.


日雀

日雀 (canonical)
日雀 (canonical)
higara (romanization)

Compare 山(やま)雀(がら) (yamagara, “varied tit”), as well as similar birds such as 小(こ)雀(がら) (kogara, “willow tit”), 四(し)十(じゅう)雀(から) (shijūkara, “Japanese tit”), 烏帽子雀(えぼしがら) (eboshigara, “tufted titmouse”).

ja-r

Periparus ater
Periparus ater#Translingual


エホバク

Cucurbita moschata
Cucurbita moschata#Translingual


こめぬか

komenuka (romanization)
こめぬか (hiragana historical)

From 米(こめ) (kome, “rice”) + 糠(ぬか) (nuka, “rice bran”).


飛燕草

ja-noun

飛(ひ)燕(えん)草(そう) or 飛燕草(ヒエンソウ) • (hiensō)

飛燕草 (canonical)
飛燕草 (canonical)
hiensō (romanization)

Delphinium ajacis
Delphinium ajacis#Translingual


ノロウイルス

[no̞ɾo̞ɯ̟iɾɯ̟sɨ]

ノロ食中毒

(journalism headline shortening) norovirus food poisoning

ノロにかかる


にゃあにゃあ

ja-pos

にゃあにゃあ or ニャーニャー • (nyānyā) ^(←にゃあにゃあ (nyaanyaa)?)

にゃあにゃあ (canonical)
ニャーニャー (canonical)
nyānyā (romanization)
nyaanyaa (romanization)
にゃあにゃあ (hiragana historical)

[ɲ̟a̠ːɲ̟a̠ː]


葉蘭

葉蘭 (canonical)
葉蘭 (canonical)
haran (romanization)


歩様

歩様 (canonical)
hoyō (romanization)
foyau (romanization)
ほやう (hiragana historical)


三連単

ja-noun

三(さん)連(れん)単(たん) • (sanrentan) ^(←さんれんたん (sanrentan)?)

三連単 (canonical)
sanrentan (romanization)
さんれんたん (hiragana historical)

[sã̠n̺ɾẽ̞ntã̠ɴ]

(horse racing) betting on the first 3 winning horses, in order


三連複

三(さん)連(れん)複(ぷく) • (sanrenpuku) ^(←さんれんぷく (sanrenpuku)?)

三連複 (canonical)
sanrenpuku (romanization)
さんれんぷく (hiragana historical)

[sã̠n̺ɾẽ̞mpɯ̟kɯ̟]

(horse racing) betting on the first 3 winning horses, in any order


春菜

Compound of 春 (haru, “springtime”) + 菜 (na, “vegetables”).

compound

Brassica napus
Brassica napus#Translingual

spring greens; edible young plants that are harvestable during the springtime, i.e. rape (Brassica napus); rapeseed.


呑舟の魚

呑舟の魚 (canonical)
donshū no uo (romanization)

呑舟 (“boat swallowing”) + の (attributive marker) + 魚 (“fish”), calque of Literary Chinese 吞舟之魚, from the chapter 庚桑楚 of Zhuangzi

af

(figurative) a larger-than-life character/individual


呑舟の魚は枝流に游がず

ja-pos

どんしゅう の うお は しりゅう に およがず

呑(どん)舟(しゅう)の魚(うお)は枝(し)流(りゅう)に游(およ)がず • (donshū no uo wa shiryū ni oyogazu)

呑舟の魚は枝流に游がず (canonical)
donshū no uo wa shiryū ni oyogazu (romanization)

呑舟の魚 (“boat-swallowing fish”) + は (topical marker) + 枝流 (“tributary”) + に (locative marker) + 游がず (“not swim”, continuative negative of 游ぐ (oyogu, “to swim”)).
Calque of Literary Chinese 吞舟之魚，不游枝流 from the chapter "Yang Zhu" of Liezi

com

continuative negative of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">游ぐ</i> (oyogu, “to swim”)

とんしゅうのうおはしりゅうにおよがず'

cal

とんしゅうのうおはしりゅうにおよがず'

Boat-swallowing fish do not swim in tributaries; Giant birds fly high and do not flock to swamps.

Tūn zhōu zhī yú, bù yóu zhīliú; hónghú gāofēi, bù jí wūchí.

吞舟之魚，不游枝流；鴻鵠高飛，不集污池。

吞舟之鱼，不游枝流；鸿鹄高飞，不集污池。

(literal) boat-swallowing fish do not swim in tributaries


チュウサギ

[t͡ɕɨːsa̠ɡʲi]


ははぐま

hahaguma (romanization)
fafaguma (romanization)
ははぐま (hiragana historical)

From 母(はは) (haha) + 熊(くま) (kuma). The kuma changes to guma as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


恙虫

ja-noun

恙(つつが)虫(むし) or 恙虫(ツツガムシ) • (tsutsugamushi)

恙虫 (canonical)
恙虫 (canonical)
tsutsugamushi (romanization)

[t͡sɨ̥t͡sɨɡa̠mɯ̟ɕi]


恙虫

恙(よう)虫(ちゅう) • (yōchū) ^(←やうちゆう (yautyuu)?)

恙虫 (canonical)
yōchū (romanization)
yautyuu (romanization)
やうちゆう (hiragana historical)


ありんこ

arinko (romanization)
ありんこ (hiragana historical)

(informal) Alternative form of あり (ari, “ant”)


三猿

三(さん)猿(えん) • (san'en) ^(←さんゑん (san'wen)?)

三猿 (canonical)
san'en (romanization)
san'wen (romanization)
さんゑん (hiragana historical)

三猿主義

the three monkeys (the "see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil" monkeys)


マスクメロン

[ma̠sɨkɯ̟me̞ɾõ̞ɴ]


肉豆蔲

肉(にく)豆(ず)蔲(く) or 肉豆蔲(ニクズク) • (nikuzuku) ^(←にくづく (nikuduku)?)

肉豆蔲 (canonical)
肉豆蔲 (canonical)
nikuzuku (romanization)
nikuduku (romanization)
にくづく (hiragana historical)

[ɲ̟ikɯ̟zɨkɯ̟]


熊蝉

熊蝉 (canonical)
熊蝉 (canonical)
kumazemi (romanization)

Cryptotympana facialis, a species of cicada


蘇鉄

蘇(そ)鉄(てつ) or 蘇鉄(ソテツ) • (sotetsu) ^(←そてつ (sotetu)?)

蘇鉄 (canonical)
蘇鉄 (canonical)
sotetsu (romanization)
sotetu (romanization)
そてつ (hiragana historical)


インジゴ

[ĩɲ̟d͡ʑiɡo̞]


木斛

木(もっ)斛(こく) or 木斛(モッコク) • (mokkoku) ^(←もくこく (mokukoku)?)

木斛 (canonical)
木斛 (canonical)
mokkoku (romanization)
mokukoku (romanization)
もくこく (hiragana historical)


九年母

九(く)年(ねん)母(ぼ) or 九年母(クネンボ) • (kunenbo) ^(←くねんぼ (kunenbo)?)

九年母 (canonical)
九年母 (canonical)
kunenbo (romanization)
くねんぼ (hiragana historical)

kunenbo (Citrus reticulata, syn. Citrus nobilis)


里芋

里芋 (canonical)
里芋 (canonical)
satoimo (romanization)

From 里(さと) (sato, “village”) + 芋(いも) (imo, “potato”). Literally, "village potato".

ja-compound

Colocasia esculenta
Colocasia esculenta#Translingual

taro, a tropical root vegetable, Colocasia esculenta


アッサムせたかがめ

ja-noun

アッサムせたかがめ or アッサムセタカガメ • (Assamu setakagame)

アッサムせたかがめ (canonical)
アッサムセタカガメ (canonical)
Assamu setakagame (romanization)

Assam roofed turtle, Pangshura sylhetensis

ja:アッサムセタカガメ


ひめやくしまだから

ひめ-^やくしま-だから

ヒメ-^ヤクシマ-ダカラ

ひめやくしまだから or ヒメヤクシマダカラ • (hime-Yakushima-dakara) ^(←ひめやくしまだから (fimeyakusimadakara)?)

ひめやくしまだから (canonical)
ヒメヤクシマダカラ (canonical)
hime-Yakushima-dakara (romanization)
fimeyakusimadakara (romanization)
ひめやくしまだから (hiragana historical)


やくしまだから

やくしまだから or ヤクシマダカラ • (Yakushima-dakara) ^(←やくしまだから (yakusimadakara)?)

やくしまだから (canonical)
ヤクシマダカラ (canonical)
Yakushima-dakara (romanization)
yakusimadakara (romanization)
やくしまだから (hiragana historical)

From 屋久島(やくしま) (Yakushima) + 宝(たから) (takara). The takara changes to dakara as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


まきがい

makigai (romanization)
makigafi (romanization)
まきがひ (hiragana historical)

From 巻(ま)き (maki, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 巻(ま)く (maku)) + 貝(かい) (kai). The kai changes to gai as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


血卵

[ke̞t͡sɨɾã̠ɴ]


汚卵

汚卵洗浄機


廃鶏

ja-noun

廃(はい)鶏(けい) • (haikei) ^(←はいけい (faikei)?)

廃鶏 (canonical)
haikei (romanization)
faikei (romanization)
はいけい (hiragana historical)


軟卵

軟(なん)卵(らん) • (nanran) ^(←なんらん (nanran)?)

軟卵 (canonical)
nanran (romanization)
なんらん (hiragana historical)


成鶏

成(せい)鶏(けい) • (seikei) ^(←せいけい (seikei)?)

成鶏 (canonical)
seikei (romanization)
せいけい (hiragana historical)


液卵

液(えき)卵(らん) • (ekiran) ^(←えきらん (ekiran)?)

液卵 (canonical)
ekiran (romanization)
えきらん (hiragana historical)


成鳥

成(せい)鳥(ちょう) • (seichō) ^(←せいてう (seiteu)?)

成鳥 (canonical)
seichō (romanization)
seiteu (romanization)
せいてう (hiragana historical)

[se̞ːt͡ɕo̞ː]


なまたまご

なまたまご • (namatamago) ^(←なまたまご (namatamago)?)

namatamago (romanization)
なまたまご (hiragana historical)

生麦生米生卵

生麦生米生卵 なまむぎなまごめなまたまご


洗卵

洗卵する (canonical)
senran suru (romanization)
洗卵し (stem)
洗卵した (past)
洗卵し
せんらんし
senran shi
洗卵する
せんらんする
senran suru
洗卵すれ
せんらんすれ
senran sure
洗卵せよ (imperative literary)
洗卵しろ (colloquial imperative)
せんらんせよ (imperative literary)
せんらんしろ (colloquial imperative)
senran seyo (imperative literary)
senran shiro (colloquial imperative)
洗卵される (passive)
せんらんされる (passive)
senran sareru (passive)
洗卵させる (causative)
洗卵さす (causative)
せんらんさせる (causative)
せんらんさす (causative)
senran saseru (causative)
senran sasu (causative)
洗卵できる (potential)
せんらんできる (potential)
senran dekiru (potential)
洗卵しよう (volitional)
せんらんしよう (volitional)
senran shiyō (volitional)
洗卵しない (negative)
せんらんしない (negative)
senran shinai (negative)
洗卵せず (continuative negative)
せんらんせず (continuative negative)
senran sezu (continuative negative)
洗卵します (formal)
せんらんします (formal)
senran shimasu (formal)
洗卵した (perfective)
せんらんした (perfective)
senran shita (perfective)
洗卵して (conjunctive)
せんらんして (conjunctive)
senran shite (conjunctive)
洗卵すれば (conditional hypothetical)
せんらんすれば (conditional hypothetical)
senran sureba (conditional hypothetical)


集卵

集(しゅう)卵(らん) • (shūran) ^(←しふらん (sifuran)?)

集卵 (canonical)
shūran (romanization)
sifuran (romanization)
しふらん (hiragana historical)

(agriculture) collection / gathering of eggs


新玉葱

新(しん)玉(たま)葱(ねぎ) or 新玉葱(しんタマネギ) • (shin-tamanegi)

新玉葱 (canonical)
新玉葱 (canonical)
shin-tamanegi (romanization)

From 新(しん) (shin-, “new”) + 玉葱(たまねぎ) (tamanegi, “onion”).

ja-compound

green onion that is harvested in the spring and not dried, thus being more tender and gentle


モロヘイヤ

→ English: moroheiya

Corchorus olitorius
Corchorus olitorius#Translingual


コレラ菌

コレラ菌 (canonical)
korera-kin (romanization)

[ko̞ɾe̞ɾa̠kʲĩɴ]

Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae#Translingual

Vibrio cholerae (bacterium responsible for cholera)


槻欅

槻欅 (canonical)
tsukigeyaki (romanization)


豚鼻

Compound of 豚 (buta, “pig”) and 鼻 (hana, “nose”). The hana changes to bana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


白木蓮

ja-noun

白(はく)木(もく)蓮(れん) or 白木蓮(ハクモクレン) • (hakumokuren) ^(←はくもくれん (fakumokuren)?)

白木蓮 (canonical)
白木蓮 (canonical)
hakumokuren (romanization)
fakumokuren (romanization)
はくもくれん (hiragana historical)

[ha̠kɯ̟mo̞kɯ̟ɾẽ̞ɴ]


唐梨

唐梨 (canonical)
唐梨 (canonical)
karanashi (romanization)

Pseudocydonia sinensis
Pseudocydonia sinensis#Translingual


おおあな

ōana (romanization)
ofoana (romanization)
おほあな (hiragana historical)

(horse racing) dark horse; or the money gained from successfully betting on a dark horse


軍鶏

Corruption of 暹羅 (Shamuro) or シャム (Shamu, “Siam”).
A breed of chicken of Japan which was originated in Thailand, selectively bred for several hundred years and is very different from the original stock.


水雲

水雲 (canonical)
水雲 (canonical)
mozuku (romanization)

Any of various chordariaceous species of edible seaweed, including Nemacystus decipiens and Sphaerotrichia divaricata.


兎馬

[ɯ̟sa̠ɡʲiɯ̟ma̠]


霜柱

霜(しも)柱(ばしら) or 霜柱(シモバシラ) • (shimobashira)

霜柱 (canonical)
霜柱 (canonical)
shimobashira (romanization)

Literally, “frost pillar”, 霜(しも) (shimo, “frost”) + 柱(はしら) (hashira, “pillar”). The hashira changes to bashira as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

ja:シモバシラ ja:霜柱


熊葛

熊葛 (canonical)
kumatsuzura (romanization)

Verbena officinalis
Verbena officinalis#Translingual


熊笹

熊笹 (canonical)
熊笹 (canonical)
kumazasa (romanization)


美人蕉

ja-noun

美(び)人(じん)蕉(しょう) or 美人蕉(ビジンシょウ) • (bijinshō) ^(←びじんせう (bizinseu)?)

美人蕉 (canonical)
美人蕉 (canonical)
bijinshō (romanization)
bizinseu (romanization)
びじんせう (hiragana historical)

美人(びじん) (bijin, “a beauty”) + 蕉(しょう) (shō, “banana, plantain”)

ja-compound

Synonym of 姫芭蕉 (himebashō, “Musa coccinea”)


クーバース

ja-noun

クーバース • (kūbāsu)


野苺

野苺 (canonical)
野苺 (canonical)
noichigo (romanization)

野(の) (no, “wild”) + 苺(いちご) (ichigo, “strawberry”)

ja-compound

Fragaria vesca
Fragaria vesca#Translingual


夜顔

夜顔 (canonical)
夜顔 (canonical)
yorugao (romanization)

[jo̞ɾɯ̟ɡa̠o̞]

Literally, “night face”, 夜(よる) (yoru, “night”) + 顔(がお) (gao, “face”)

common moonflower, moon vine, Ipomoea alba


夕顔

ja-noun

夕(ゆう)顔(がお) or 夕顔(ユウガオ) • (yūgao)

夕顔 (canonical)
夕顔 (canonical)
yūgao (romanization)

Literally, “evening face”, 夕(ゆう) (yū, “evening”) + 顔(がお) (gao, “face”)

ja-compound

Lagenaria siceraria
Lagenaria siceraria#Translingual

a variety of bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria var. hispida

common moonflower, moon vine of species Ipomoea alba


温泉卵

温泉卵 (canonical)
onsentamago (romanization)

[õ̞ɰ̃sẽ̞nta̠ma̠ɡo̞]

温泉(おんせん) (onsen, “hot spring”) + 卵(たまご) (tamago, “egg”).

hot spring egg; onsen tamago (Japanese soft-boiled egg cuisine)


猫じゃらし

猫じゃらし (canonical)
nekojarashi (romanization)

From 猫(ねこ) (neko) + 戯(じゃ)らし (jarashi, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 戯(じゃ)らす (jarasu).).

ja-compound

Synonym of 狗尾草 (enokorogusa, “wild foxtail millet”)


西洋鋸草

ja-noun

西(せい)洋(よう)鋸(のこぎり)草(そう) or 西洋鋸草(セイヨウノコギリソウ) • (seiyō nokogirisō or seiyōnokogirisō)

西洋鋸草 (canonical)
西洋鋸草 (canonical)
seiyō nokogirisō (romanization)
seiyōnokogirisō (romanization)

西洋(せいよう) (seiyō, “Western”) + 鋸草(のこぎりそう) (nokogirisō, “yarrow”)

ja-compound

Achillea millefolium
Achillea millefolium#Translingual


鋸草

ja-noun

鋸(のこぎり)草(そう) or 鋸草(ノコギリソウ) • (nokogirisō)

鋸草 (canonical)
鋸草 (canonical)
nokogirisō (romanization)

Literally, “saw grass”, 鋸(のこぎり) (nokogiri, “saw”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass”)

西洋鋸草

西洋鋸草 セイヨウノコギリソウ

2002 July 24, “‘Hana katari’ nogirisō Girishia shinwa ni mei no yurai [‘Flower talk’: derivation of yarrow name from Greek myth]”, in Mainichi Shimbun, Aichi regional edition, page 16:

Nokogirisō is also known as achillea. In Greek myth, the hero Achilles knew how to use this plant to heal wounds. The name of the plant comes from this legend.

ノコギリソウの別名はアキレア。ギリシャ神話の英雄アキレスが、この植物に傷を治す力があることを知る。そんな伝説が名の由来だ。

Nokogirisō no betsumei wa akirea. Girisha shinwa no eiyū Akiresu ga, kono shokubutsu ni kizu o naosu chikara ga aru koto o shiru. sonna densetsu ga mei no yurai da.

yarrow, achilleas, various plants in the genus Achillea


アメリカオオアカイカ

ja:アメリカオオアカイカ


女王蜂

ja-noun

女(じょ)王(おう)蜂(ばち) • (joōbachi) ^(←ぢよわうばち (dyowaubati)?)

女王蜂 (canonical)
joōbachi (romanization)
dyowaubati (romanization)
ぢよわうばち (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑo̞ːɯ̟ba̠t͡ɕi]

2005, 吉田忠晴, ニホンミツバチの社会をさぐる, 玉川大学出版部, →ISBN, page 58:

働き蜂の卵巣の発達は、女王蜂のフェロモンによって抑えられている。

Hatarakibachi no ransō no hattatsu wa, jōubachi no feromon ni yotte osaerarete iru.

The development of the worker bees’ ovaries is inhibited by the queen bee’s pheromones.


凌霄花

凌霄花(のうぜんかずら) or 凌霄花(ノウゼンカズラ) • (nōzenkazura)

凌霄花 (canonical)
凌霄花 (canonical)
nōzenkazura (romanization)

[no̞ːzẽ̞ŋka̠zɨɾa̠]

Chinese trumpet vine
Chinese trumpet vine

Campsis grandiflora
Campsis grandiflora#Translingual

Chinese trumpet vine (Campsis grandiflora)


馬蘭

Synonym of 葉蘭 (haran, “cast-iron plant”) (Aspidistra elatior)


牡馬

2009, 河原谷創次郎, 天正戦国大戦 二, 学研パブリッシング, →ISBN, page 149:

前近代の日本の軍馬は、その多くが牡馬であったという。

Zenkindai no Nihon no gunba wa, sono ōku ga boba de atta to iu.

It is said that the majority of the warhorses in premodern Japan were male horses.


牡馬

牡馬 (canonical)
ouma (romanization)
wouma (romanization)
をうま (hiragana historical)

1911, 島崎藤村, 千曲川のスケッチ, 青空文庫:

ファラリイスの駒三十四頭、牝馬二百四十頭、牡馬まで合せて三百余頭の馬匹が列をつくって通過したのも、この原へ通う道だった。

Fararīsu no koma sanjūyontō, meuma nihyakuyonjittō, ouma made awasete sanbyaku-yotō no bahitsu ga retsu o tsukutte tsūka shita no mo, kono hara e kayou michi datta.

The road leading to this field was also where a total of more than three hundred horses—including the thirty-four Phalaris foals, the two hundred forty female horses, and the male horses—passed through in file.


牡馬

牡馬 (canonical)
oma (romanization)
woma (romanization)
をま (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.


はとぽっぽ

はとぽっぽ • (hatopoppo) ^(←はとぽつぽ (fatopotupo)?)

hatopoppo (romanization)
fatopotupo (romanization)
はとぽつぽ (hiragana historical)


形見草

形見草 (canonical)
katamigusa (romanization)

Compound of 形見(かたみ) (katami, “keepsake”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Synonym of 銭葵 (zeniaoi, “common mallow”).

Synonym of 撫子 (nadeshiko, “carnation, pink”).

Synonym of 冬葵 (fuyuaoi, “Chinese mallow”).


銭葵

Malva sylvestris
Malva sylvestris#Translingual


乗馬

乗馬 (canonical)
jōba (romanization)
zyouba (romanization)
じようば (hiragana historical)


いたち

いたち (canonical)
イタチ (canonical)
itachi (romanization)
itati (romanization)
いたち (hiragana historical)

2020 March 21, Kimiko Ueno, “Greedy Bears”, in BNA ビー・エヌ・エー [BNA], episode 5, spoken by Marie Itami (Michiyo Murase), Toho/Netflix:

MI - N - K! I'm not a weasel, I'm Marie the mink!

ミ・ン・ク！イタチじゃなくて、ミンクのマリー！

Mi n ku! Itachi janakute , minku no Marī!


木藍

木藍 (canonical)
木藍 (canonical)
kiai (romanization)

plants from the genus Indigofera　used in dyeing, more specifically Synonym of インド藍 (indo-ai, “Indigofera suffruticosa”)


フィッシュイーター

ja-noun

フィッシュイーター • (fisshu ītā)

[ɸʲiɕːɨ iːta̠ː]

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from fish + eater.


代用魚

fish species eaten in place of another species


トロピカルフルーツ

[to̞ɾo̞pʲika̠ɾɯ̟ ɸɯ̟ɾɯ̟ːt͡sɨ]


尺取虫

ja-noun

尺(しゃく)取(とり)虫(むし) or 尺取虫(シャクトリムシ) • (shakutorimushi) ^(←しやくとりむし (syakutorimusi)?)

尺取虫 (canonical)
尺取虫 (canonical)
shakutorimushi (romanization)
syakutorimusi (romanization)
しやくとりむし (hiragana historical)

[ɕa̠kɯ̟to̞ɾʲimɯ̟ɕi]

From 尺(しゃく) (shaku, “shaku”) + 取(と)り (tori, “taking”, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 取(と)る (toru).) + 虫(むし) (mushi, “bug”).


肉食魚

肉食魚 (canonical)
nikushokugyo (romanization)

[ɲ̟ikɯ̟ɕo̞kɯ̟ɡʲo̞]

From 肉食(にくしょく) (nikushoku) + 魚(ぎょ) (gyo).


マジックマッシュルーム

ja-noun

マジック マッシュルーム

[ma̠ʑik̚kɯ̟ ma̠ɕːɨɾɯ̟ːmɯ̟]

ja:マジックマッシュルーム


はちのこ

hachinoko (romanization)
fatinoko (romanization)
はちのこ (hiragana historical)


赤虫

赤虫 (canonical)
赤虫 (canonical)
akamushi (romanization)

From 赤(あか) (aka, “red”) + 虫(むし) (mushi, “bug”).

ja-compound

red velvet mite, harvest mite, various mites of the family Trombidiidae; (especially) Trombicula akamushi


カムルチー

[ka̠mɯ̟ɾɯ̟t͡ɕiː]


小米草

小米草 (canonical)
kogomegusa (romanization)

Literally, “crushed rice grass”, 小米(こごめ) (kogome, “tiny crushed up bits of rice”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass, plant”)

伊吹小米草 伊吹小米草#Japanese

Synonym of 伊吹小米草 (Ibuki kogome-gusa, “Euphrasia insignis subsp. iinumae, a species of eyebright”)

伊吹小米草

伊吹小米草 イブキコゴメグサ

苔小米草

苔小米草 コケコゴメグサ

立小米草

立小米草 タチコゴメグサ

深山小米草

深山小米草 ミヤマコゴメグサ


虞美人草

ja-noun

虞(ぐ)美(び)人(じん)草(そう) • (gubijinsō) ^(←ぐびじんさう (gubizinsau)?)

虞美人草 (canonical)
gubijinsō (romanization)
gubizinsau (romanization)
ぐびじんさう (hiragana historical)

[ɡɯ̟bʲiʑĩɰ̃so̞ː]

虞(ぐ)美人(びじん) (Gu bijin, “Yu the Beauty”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass”)

ja-compound

1921, 寺田寅彦, 旅日記から（明治四十二年）, 青空文庫:

劇場の中のまるい広場には、緑の草の毛氈の中に真紅の虞美人草が咲き乱れて、かよわい花弁がわずかな風にふるえていた。

Teatoro no naka no marui hiroba ni wa, midori no kusa no mōsen no naka ni shinku no gubijinsō ga sakimidarete, kayowai hanabira ga wazuka na kaze ni furuete ita.

In the round open area of the theater, deep crimson field poppies bloomed profusely on a carpet of green grass, and their delicate petals trembled in the slightest wind.

Papaver rhoeas
Papaver rhoeas#Translingual

Synonym of 雛罌粟 (hinageshi, “Papaver rhoeas, common poppy, corn poppy, field poppy”)


コウタイ

ja-noun

コウタイ • (kōtai)


鮎掛

鮎掛 (canonical)
鮎掛 (canonical)
aikake (romanization)

a sculpin, any of several fish of the family Cottidae

(regional, Mie and Wakayama prefectures) Japanese fluvial sculpin, Cottus pollux

Cottus kazika
Cottus kazika#Translingual

(regional, Shizuoka, Nara, Shimane, Yamaguchi, Tokushima, and Kagoshima prefectures) fourspine sculpin, Cottus kazika


鮎掛

鮎掛 (canonical)
鮎掛 (canonical)
ayukake (romanization)

Japanese fluvial sculpin (Cottus pollux)

sculpins (fish of the family Cottidae)
fourspine sculpin (Cottus kazika)


島柄長

島(しま)柄(え)長(なが) or 島柄長(シマエナガ) • (shima enaga)

島柄長 (canonical)
島柄長 (canonical)
shima enaga (romanization)

島(しま) (shima, “island”) + 柄長(えなが) (enaga, “long-tailed tit”)

ja-compound

2017 March 5, “Bādo uochitchingu kafe [Bird watching cafe]”, in Mainichi Shimbun, page 28:

In the garden a shimaenaga, called the snow fairy for her adorable appearance, has made the scene and become an “idol” among the guests.

庭には愛らしい姿から雪の妖精とも呼ばれるシマエナガも姿を見せ、客の「アイドル」となっている。

Niwa ni wa airashī sugata kara yuki no yōsei to mo yobareru shimaenaga mo sugata o mise, kyaku no “aidoru” to natteiru.

Aegithalos caudatus japonicus, a subspecies of the long-tailed tit


多毛類

polychete worm, any of various segmented marine worms in the class Polychaeta


揺蚊

揺蚊 (canonical)
揺蚊 (canonical)
yusurika (romanization)

From 揺(ゆ)すり (yusuri, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 揺(ゆ)する (yusuru, “shake”)) + 蚊(か) (ka, “mosquito”).

ja-compound

chironomid, any of various midges of the family Chironomidae


磯目

磯目 (canonical)
磯目 (canonical)
isome (romanization)

eunicids, bloodworms, any of various marine worms in the Eunicidae family

the class that includes eunicids and sand worms


雛罌粟

雛罌粟 (canonical)
hinageshi (romanization)

From 雛(ひな) (hina-, diminutive prefix, carrying favorable connotations such as a sense of cuteness) + 罌粟(けし) (keshi, “poppy”). The keshi changes to geshi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

1927, 横光利一, 花園の思想, 青空文庫:

またあの柔かな雛罌粟が壺にささって微風に赤々と揺らめくと、妻はかすかな歎声を洩して眺めていた。

Mata ano yawaraka na hinageshi ga tsubo ni sasatte soyokaze ni akaaka to yurameku to, tsuma wa kasuka na tansei o morashite nagamete ita.

Further, when the soft corn poppy stuck in the vase fluttered redly in the gentle breeze, his wife let out a faint sigh as she watched it.

Papaver rhoeas, common poppy, corn poppy, field poppy


アラレガコ

アラレガコ (canonical)
あられがこ (canonical)
araregako (romanization)

[a̠ɾa̠ɾe̞ɡa̠ko̞]

Purportedly from 霰(あられ) (arare, “graupel, small hail”) for its white underbelly.

(regional, Fukuoka prefecture) the fourspine sculpin (Cottus kazika)


米松

米松 (canonical)
米松 (canonical)
beimatsu (romanization)


赤蕪

赤蕪 (canonical)
赤蕪 (canonical)
akakabu (romanization)

Brassica rapa
Brassica rapa#Translingual

red turnip (any of several varieties of turnip (Brassica rapa) that are red or purple in color)


二十日大根

ja-noun

二十(はつ)日(か)大(だい)根(こん) or 二十日大根(ハツカダイコン) • (hatsuka daikon or hatsukadaikon)

二十日大根 (canonical)
二十日大根 (canonical)
hatsuka daikon (romanization)
hatsukadaikon (romanization)

Cultivars were introduced to Japan during the Meiji period (1868-1912), and the word appears in print by the early 20th century (see quotations below). Superficially of 二十(はつ)日(か) (hatsuka, “20 days, 20th day”) + 大(だい)根(こん) (daikon, “daikon”), possibly from the fact that the vegetable may be harvested as early as 20 days after planting.

ja-compound

1908, Fukuba Hayato, Kaju sosai kōtō saibai ron [On cultivation of high-quality fruits and vegetables], page 271:

Regarding hatsuka daikon, there is great demand for various Japanese-style dishes

二十日大根ハ邦式調理ニテハサマデ需要 […]

Hatsuka daikon wa kuni-shiki chōri nite wa sama de juyō […]

1911, Nōson jichi no kenkyū [Report on an autonomous agricultural village], Yokohama: Yūrindō, page 251:

second-season potatoes, ban daikon, all-season daikon, and hatsuka daikon (harvested April through August)

二期生馬鈴薯、晚大根、時無大根、二十日大根（四月ヨリ八月ニ至る）

niki sei bareisho, ban daikon, tokinashi daikon, hatsuka daikon (shigatsu yori hachigatsu ni itaru)

Raphanus sativus
Raphanus sativus#Translingual

radish, Raphanus sativus, (specifically) small red radishes


鰣魚

鰣魚 (canonical)
鰣魚 (canonical)
jigyo (romanization)


苦草

苦草 (canonical)
苦草 (canonical)
nigakusa (romanization)

Teucrium japonicum, a species of germander


茶梅

Synonym of 山茶花 (sazanka, “Camellia sasanqua”)


淡竹

淡竹 (canonical)
淡竹 (canonical)
hachiku (romanization)

Henon bamboo, Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis


蓴菜

ja-noun

蓴(じゅん)菜(さい) or 蓴菜(ジュンサイ) • (junsai) ^(←じゆんさい (zyunsai)?)

蓴菜 (canonical)
蓴菜 (canonical)
junsai (romanization)
zyunsai (romanization)
じゆんさい (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑɨ̃ɰ̃sa̠i]

Derived from Middle Chinese 蓴菜 (MC dzywin tshojH).


亀の手

亀の手 (canonical)
亀の手 (canonical)
kamenote (romanization)

Capitulum mitella (Japanese goose barnacle)


尾黒鶴

尾(お)黒(ぐろ)鶴(づる) or 尾黒鶴(オグロヅル) • (ogurozuru)

尾黒鶴 (canonical)
尾黒鶴 (canonical)
ogurozuru (romanization)

[o̞ɡɯ̟ɾo̞zɨɾɯ̟]

Of 尾(お) (o, “tail”) + 黒(くろ) (kuro, “black”) + 鶴(つる) (tsuru, “crane”). The kuro changes to guro and the tsuru to zuru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Grus nigricollis
Grus nigricollis#Translingual


春蘭

春蘭 (canonical)
shunran (romanization)
本 (counter)


イカ耳

Compound of 烏賊 (ika, “squid”) + 耳 (mimi, “ear”), referring to the cat's ears resembling the shape of a squid.

(neologism) "Airplane ears", ears folded by a cat when it is upset or uneasy.


三色菫

ja-noun

三(さん)色(しき)菫(すみれ) or 三色菫(サンシキスミレ) • (sanshiki sumire)

三色菫 (canonical)
三色菫 (canonical)
sanshiki sumire (romanization)

Literally, “three colour violet”, 三色(さんしき) (sanshiki, “three colour”) + 菫(すみれ) (sumire, “violet”)

ja-compound

Viola tricolor
Viola tricolor#Translingual

wild pansy, love-in-idleness, Viola tricolor


金石魚

金石魚 (canonical)
金石魚 (canonical)
kiguchi (romanization)

[kʲiɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]

Possibly from 黄(き) (ki, “yellow”) and グチ (guchi, “Nibea, croaker”).

redlip croaker, yellow corvina, yellow croaker, Larimichthys polyactis (a species of marine fish)


喉奥

Compound of 喉(のど) (nodo, “throat”) + 奥(おく) (oku, “place deep inside”). Literally, “place deep inside the throat”.


蘇芳

ja-noun

蘇(す)芳(おう) or 蘇芳(スオウ) • (suō) ^(←すはう (sufau)?)

蘇芳 (canonical)
蘇芳 (canonical)
suō (romanization)
sufau (romanization)
すはう (hiragana historical)

Biancaea sappan
Biancaea sappan#Translingual


衣被

衣(きぬ)被(かずき) • (kinukazuki) ^(←きぬかづき (kinukaduki)?)

衣被 (canonical)
kinukazuki (romanization)
kinukaduki (romanization)
きぬかづき (hiragana historical)

Compound of 衣(きぬ) (kinu, “clothing”) + 被(かずき) (kazuki, “thing that covers”).

ja-com

(historical) the practice in the Heian period where upper-class women would cover their faces with their clothing when they went out; the type of headdress; the women referred to


衣被

衣被 (canonical)
kinukatsugi (romanization)

an autumn dish and sake accompaniment consisting of small steamed taro potatoes


洋梨

洋梨 (canonical)
洋梨 (canonical)
yōnashi (romanization)

Pyrus communis
Pyrus communis#Translingual


サンチュ

Lactuca sativa var. angustana, a lettuce in Japan commonly eaten with meats

サンチェ

sanche, from Gyeongsang Korean 상채 (sangchae)


ケッパー

ja-noun

ケッパー • (keppā)

Capparis spinosa
Capparis spinosa#Translingual

caper, Capparis spinosa, or its bud, which is pickled and eaten


桜鱒

桜鱒 (canonical)
桜鱒 (canonical)
sakuramasu (romanization)

桜(さくら) (sakura, “cherry tree”) + 鱒(マス) (masu, “trout”).

ja-compound

masu, masu salmon, cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou)


琵琶鱒

ja-noun

琵(び)琶(わ)鱒(ます) or 琵琶鱒(ビワマス) • (biwa masu)

From 琵琶湖(びわこ) (Biwako, “Lake Biwa”) and 鱒(マス) (masu, “trout”). In turn from 琵琶(びわ) (biwa), a type of lute, for the shape of the lake.


鱒の介

鱒(ます)の介(すけ) or 鱒(マス)の介(スケ) • (masu-no-suke)

鱒の介 (canonical)
鱒の介 (canonical)
masu-no-suke (romanization)

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha#Translingual

chinook salmon; king salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha


ふみふみ

(neologism) Kneading, the behavior cats do by pressing their front paws on a surface when they feel relaxed.


海羊歯

海羊歯 (canonical)
海羊歯 (canonical)
umishida (romanization)

From 海(うみ) (umi, “sea”) + 羊歯(しだ) (shida, “fern”)

ja-compound

feather star (an echinoderm of the order Comatulida)


郁子

ja-noun

郁(む)子(べ) or 郁(う)子(べ) or 郁(うん)子(べ) or 郁(んー)子(べ) • (mube or ube or unbe or nnbe)

郁子 (canonical)
郁子 (canonical)
郁子 (canonical)
郁子 (canonical)
mube (romanization)
ube (romanization)
unbe (romanization)
nnbe (romanization)


弟鷹

Apparently a jukujikun (熟字訓) spelling from 大(だい) (dai, “big”); contrast with the antonym, 兄鷹(しょう) (shō), ostensibly from 小(しょう) (shō, “small”). The kanji used are 弟 (“younger brother”) + 鷹 (“hawk, northern goshawk”).

ja-r

兄鷹(しょう) (shō)

affix

specifically, a female of the northern goshawk


浜菊

浜菊 (canonical)
浜菊 (canonical)
hamagiku (romanization)

Nipponanthemum nipponicum, Nippon daisy, a flowering plant native to Japan


はたらきあり

ja-noun

はたらきあり • (hataraki-ari) ^(←はたらきあり (fatarakiari)?)

hataraki-ari (romanization)
fatarakiari (romanization)
はたらきあり (hiragana historical)

From 働(はたら)き (hataraki, “連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 働(はたら)く (hataraku).”) + 蟻(あり) (ari).


野沢菜

From 野沢 (Nozawa, “Nozawaonsen-mura, a town in Nagano Prefecture where it was first cultivated”) + 菜 (na, “vegetable”).

com

nozawana (Japanese variety of turnip greens)


歌詠鳥

歌詠鳥 (canonical)
utayomidori (romanization)

Japanese bush warbler
Japanese bush warbler


ヒドロ虫

ヒドロ虫 (canonical)
hidorochū (romanization)

[çido̞ɾo̞t͡ɕɨː]

From Ancient Greek ὑδρο- (hudro-) + 虫 (chū).


黄蘗

From 黄(き) (ki, “yellow”) + 肌(はだ) (hada, “skin”), a reference to the bright yellow colour of the tree's inner bark. The second kanji 蘗 replaces 肌 as an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 黃蘗 /黄蘗 (huángbò), in Chinese more commonly written 黃檗／黄檗 (huángbò).

zh-l

黃檗／黄檗 (huángbò)

Phellodendron amurense
Phellodendron amurense#Translingual


黄蘗

Chinese 黃蘗 /黄蘗 (huángbò), in Chinese more commonly written 黃檗／黄檗 (huángbò).

黃檗／黄檗 (huángbò)

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

an extract of the bark of the Amur cork tree, used for its brilliant yellow colour as a dye and in traditional Chinese medicine


白松

白松 (canonical)
白松 (canonical)
shiromatsu (romanization)


襟巻蜥蜴

襟巻蜥蜴 (canonical)
erimakitokage (romanization)


冬木

1993, Hosai Ozaki, translated by Hiroaki Sato, Right under the big sky, I don't wear a hat: the haiku and prose of Hosai Ozaki, Berkeley, CA: Stone Bridge Press:

わが家の冬木二三本
家のぐるり落葉にして顔出してゐる
墓原花無きこのごろ

wagaya no fuyugi nisan hon
ie no gururi rakuyō ni shite gao dashite iru
hakawara hana naki kono goro

At my house a few winter trees
With dead leaves all around his house, poking his face out
The grave-field flowerless these days

a tree as seen in winter (especially a barren deciduous tree)


青文字

ja-noun

青(あお)文(も)字(じ) or 青文字(アオモジ) • (aomoji) ^(←あをもじ (awomozi)?)

青文字 (canonical)
青文字 (canonical)
aomoji (romanization)
awomozi (romanization)
あをもじ (hiragana historical)


鴨脚

鴨(おう)脚(きゃく) • (ōkyaku) ^(←あふきやく (afukyaku)?)

鴨脚 (canonical)
ōkyaku (romanization)
afukyaku (romanization)
あふきやく (hiragana historical)

[o̞ːkʲa̠kɯ̟]

Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba#Translingual

(rare) Synonym of 銀杏 (ichō, “the ginkgo tree, Ginkgo biloba”)


岩梨

岩梨 (canonical)
岩梨 (canonical)
iwanashi (romanization)

Epigaea asiatica
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:イワナシ

Superficially of 岩(いわ) (iwa, “stone”) + 梨(なし) (nashi, “pear”); compare synonyms 岩椿(いわつばき) (iwatsubaki, literally “stone camellia”), 砂苺(すないちご) (sunaichigo, literally “sand strawberry”). Attested from the 13th century.


沢鵟鷲

ja-noun

沢鵟(ちゅうひ)鷲(わし) or 沢鵟鷲(チュウヒワシ) • (chūhiwashi)

沢鵟鷲 (canonical)
沢鵟鷲 (canonical)
chūhiwashi (romanization)

[t͡ɕɨːçiβ̞a̠ɕi]

From 沢鵟(ちゅうひ) (chūhi, “eastern marsh harrier, Circus spilonotus”) + 鷲(わし) (washi, “eagle”).

ja-compound

short-toed snake eagle
short-toed snake eagle

Circaetus gallicus
Circaetus gallicus#Translingual

short-toed snake eagle, Circaetus gallicus


連福草

ja-noun

連(れん)福(ぷく)草(そう) or 連福草(レンプクソウ) • (renpukusō)

連福草 (canonical)
連福草 (canonical)
renpukusō (romanization)


マングローブ

[mã̠ŋɡɯ̟ɾo̞ːbɯ̟]


ゆずりは

ゆずりは or ユズリハ • (yuzuriha) ^(←ゆづりは (yudurifa)?)

ゆずりは (canonical)
ユズリハ (canonical)
yuzuriha (romanization)
yudurifa (romanization)
ゆづりは (hiragana historical)


シャーク

シャーク • (shāku)


アヤワスカ

Borrowed from English ayahuasca, from Spanish ayahuasca, from Quechua ayawaska, from aya (“spirit, ancestor”) + waska (“vine”).

Banisteriopsis caapi
Banisteriopsis caapi#Translingual

ayahuasca (giant vine native to South America, Banisteriopsis caapi, noted for its psychotropic properties)


烏柄杓

烏(からす)柄(び)杓(しゃく) or 烏柄杓(カラスビシャク) • (karasubishaku)

烏柄杓 (canonical)
烏柄杓 (canonical)
karasubishaku (romanization)

From 烏(からす) (karasu, “crow”) + 柄杓(ひしゃく) (hishaku, “ladle, dipper”)


秋茜

秋茜 (canonical)
秋茜 (canonical)
akiakane (romanization)

Sympetrum frequens (species of dragonfly endemic to Japan)


帝揚羽

ja-noun

帝(みかど)揚(あげ)羽(は) or 帝揚羽(ミカドアゲハ) • (mikadoageha)

帝揚羽 (canonical)
帝揚羽 (canonical)
mikadoageha (romanization)

Compound of 帝(みかど) (mikado, “emperor”) + 揚羽(あげは) (ageha, “swallowtail butterfly”)


風蘭

ja-noun

風(ふう)蘭(らん) or 風蘭(フウラン) • (fūran)

風蘭 (canonical)
風蘭 (canonical)
fūran (romanization)


牧場田雲雀

牧(まき)場(ば)田(た)雲雀(ひばり) or 牧場田雲雀(マキバタヒバリ) • (makibatahibari)

牧場田雲雀 (canonical)
牧場田雲雀 (canonical)
makibatahibari (romanization)

Anthus pratensis
Anthus pratensis#Translingual


風鈴草

風(ふう)鈴(りん)草(そう) or 風鈴草(フウリンソウ) • (fūrinsō) ^(←ふうりんさう (fuurinsau)?)

風鈴草 (canonical)
風鈴草 (canonical)
fūrinsō (romanization)
fuurinsau (romanization)
ふうりんさう (hiragana historical)

[ɸɯ̟ːɾʲĩɰ̃so̞ː]


がじゅまる

がじゅまる (canonical)
ガジュマル (canonical)
gajumaru (romanization)

[ɡa̠ʑɨma̠ɾɯ̟]


烏蛇

烏蛇 (canonical)
烏蛇 (canonical)
karasuhebi (romanization)

烏(からす) (karasu, “crow”) + 蛇(へび) (hebi, “snake”)

ja-compound

black morph Japanese striped snake, Elaphe quadrivirgata


神楽蝙蝠

ja-noun

神楽(かぐら)蝙蝠(こうもり) or 神楽蝙蝠(カグラコウモリ) • (kagurakōmori)

神楽蝙蝠 (canonical)
神楽蝙蝠 (canonical)
kagurakōmori (romanization)

Compound of 神楽(かぐら) (kagura, “kagura, sacred dance”) + 蝙蝠(こうもり) (kōmori, “bat”)

ja-compound

lesser great leaf-nosed bat, lesser roundleaf bat, Hipposideros turpis


天狗蝙蝠

ja-noun

天(てん)狗(ぐ)蝙蝠(こうもり) or 天狗蝙蝠(テングコウモリ) • (tengukōmori)

天狗蝙蝠 (canonical)
天狗蝙蝠 (canonical)
tengukōmori (romanization)

Compound of 天狗(てんぐ) (tengu, “long nosed mountain spirit”) + 蝙蝠(こうもり) (kōmori, “bat”)

ja-compound

Hilgendorf's tube-nosed bat, Murina hilgendorfi


兎蝙蝠

ja-noun

兎(うさぎ)蝙蝠(こうもり) or 兎蝙蝠(ウサギコウモリ) • (usagikōmori)

兎蝙蝠 (canonical)
兎蝙蝠 (canonical)
usagikōmori (romanization)

Compound of 兎(うさぎ) (usagi, “rabbit, hare”) + 蝙蝠(こうもり) (kōmori, “bat”)

ja-compound

brown long-eared bat, common long-eared bat, Plecotus auritus


銀蜻蜓

銀蜻蜓 (canonical)
gin'yanma (romanization)

Compound of 銀(ぎん) (gin, “silver”) + 蜻蜓(やんま) (yanma, “large dragonfly”)


ラサ・アプソ

やかて丶二頭のラサ・アプソ(チベット原産の愛玩犬)が現れた。パピーミルで繁殖犬として飼われていたか、高齢化して子犬を産めなくなったので捨てられたのた。

2014 February 10, ジョン・ホーマンズ (John Homans), 犬が私たちをパートナーに選んだわけ: 最新の犬研究からわかる、人間の「最良の友」の起源, CCCメディアハウス:


団扇蜻蜓

ja-noun

団扇(うちわ)蜻蜓(やんま) or 団扇蜻蜓(ウチワヤンマ) • (uchiwayanma)

団扇蜻蜓 (canonical)
団扇蜻蜓 (canonical)
uchiwayanma (romanization)

Compound of 団扇(うちわ) (uchiwa, “rigid round fan”) + 蜻蜓(やんま) (yanma, “large dragonfly”)


西洋榛

ja-noun

西(せい)洋(よう)榛(はしばみ) or 西洋榛(セイヨウハシバミ) • (seiyōhashibami)

西洋榛 (canonical)
西洋榛 (canonical)
seiyōhashibami (romanization)

Compound of 西洋(せいよう) (seiyō, “the West, Western”) + 榛(はしばみ) (hashibami, “hazel”)

ja-compound

Corylus avellana
Corylus avellana#Translingual


七竈

七竈 (canonical)
七竈 (canonical)
nanakamado (romanization)

西洋七竈

西洋七竈 せいようななかまど


スコずわり

[sɨko̞zɨβ̞a̠ɾʲi]

From スコティッシュフォールド (Sukotisshu Fōrudo, shortened) + 座(すわ)り (suwari). The suwari changes to zuwari as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

^スコティッシュ ^フォールド

upright sitting pose characteristic of Scottish Fold cats; Buddha pose


大鷺草

ja-noun

大(だい)鷺(さぎ)草(そう) or 大鷺草(ダイサギソウ) • (daisagisō)

大鷺草 (canonical)
大鷺草 (canonical)
daisagisō (romanization)

大(だい) (dai, “great”) + 鷺草(さぎそう) (sagisō, “fringed orchid”)


鷺草

鷺草 (canonical)
鷺草 (canonical)
sagisō (romanization)

鷺(さぎ) (sagi, “egret”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass”), from the apparent resemblance to a flying egret


野薊

野薊 (canonical)
野薊 (canonical)
noazami (romanization)

野(の) (no, “field”) + 薊(あざみ) (azami, “thistle”)


笹葉銀蘭

ja-noun

笹(ささ)葉(ば)銀(ぎん)蘭(らん) or 笹葉銀蘭(ササバギンラン) • (sasabaginran)

笹葉銀蘭 (canonical)
笹葉銀蘭 (canonical)
sasabaginran (romanization)

Lit. bamboo-leafed silver orchid, 笹葉(ささば) (sasaba, “bamboo leaf”) + 銀蘭(ぎんらん) (ginran, “silver orchid”)


令法

ja-noun

令(りょう)法(ぶ) or 令法(リョウブ) • (ryōbu) ^(←りやうぶ (ryaubu)?)

令法 (canonical)
令法 (canonical)
ryōbu (romanization)
ryaubu (romanization)
りやうぶ (hiragana historical)


蝋梅

蝋(ろう)梅(ばい) or 蝋梅(ロウバイ) • (rōbai) ^(←らふばい (rafubai)?)

蝋梅 (canonical)
蝋梅 (canonical)
rōbai (romanization)
rafubai (romanization)
らふばい (hiragana historical)

Lit. wax plum, 蝋(ろう) (rō, “wax”) + 梅(ばい) (bai, “plum”)


狸菖蒲

狸(たぬき)菖蒲(あやめ) or 狸菖蒲(タヌキアヤメ) • (tanuki-ayame)

狸菖蒲 (canonical)
狸菖蒲 (canonical)
tanuki-ayame (romanization)

Lit., tanuki iris, 狸(たぬき) (tanuki) + 菖蒲(あやめ) (ayame, “iris”)


スプリングボック

[sɨpɯ̟ɾʲĩŋɡɯ̟bo̞k̚kɯ̟]

Borrowed from English springbok, from Afrikaans springbok, from Dutch springbok.


蔓蕺草

ja-noun

蔓(つる)蕺草(どくだみ) or 蔓蕺草(ツルドクダミ) • (tsurudokudami)

蔓蕺草 (canonical)
蔓蕺草 (canonical)
tsurudokudami (romanization)

蔓(つる) (tsuru, “vine”) + 蕺草(どくだみ) (dokudami, “chameleon plant”)


白髭草

ja-noun

白(しら)髭(ひげ)草(そう) or 白髭草(シラヒゲソウ) • (shirahigesō)

白髭草 (canonical)
白髭草 (canonical)
shirahigesō (romanization)

Literally, “'white whiskered grass”, 白髭(しらひげ) (shirahige, “white beard, white moustache”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass”)


呉茱萸

呉茱萸 (canonical)
呉茱萸 (canonical)
goshuyu (romanization)

the fruit of Tetradium ruticarpum, used in traditional medicine


雪の下

ja-noun

雪(ゆき)の下(した) or 雪(ユキ)の下(シタ) • (yukinoshita)

雪の下 (canonical)
雪の下 (canonical)
yukinoshita (romanization)

Saxifraga stolonifera
Saxifraga stolonifera#Translingual

creeping saxifrage (Saxifraga stolonifera)


駒草

駒草 (canonical)
駒草 (canonical)
komakusa (romanization)

Literally, “horse plant”, 駒(こま) (koma, “pony, horse”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass, plant”)


ヤングコーン

[jã̠ŋɡɯ̟ kõ̞ːɴ]

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from young + corn.


狐の牡丹

ja-noun

狐(きつね)の牡(ぼ)丹(たん) or 狐(キツネ)の牡丹(ボタン) • (kitsunenobotan)

狐の牡丹 (canonical)
狐の牡丹 (canonical)
kitsunenobotan (romanization)

Literally, “fox's peony”, 狐(きつね) (kitsune, “fox”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 牡(ぼ)丹(たん) (botan, “peony”).


狐花

狐花 (canonical)
kitsunebana (romanization)

Literally, “fox flower”, 狐(きつね) (kitsune, “fox”) + 花(ばな) (bana, “flower”). The hana changes to bana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Lycoris radiata
Lycoris radiata#Translingual

Synonym of 彼岸花 (higanbana, “red spider lily, Lycoris radiata”)


ピラルクー

[pʲiɾa̠ɾɯ̟kɯ̟ː]

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pira
Old Tupi pirá
Proto-Tupian *ɨrʲuku
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *uruku
Old Tupi uruku
Old Tupi pirauruku
Nheengatu pirarukúbor.
Portuguese pirarucubor.
Japanese ピラルクー
Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese pirarucu.

bor+

2019 November 30, “君の横顔 [Kimi no Yokogao]” (10:26 from the start), in 食戟のソーマ [Shokugeki no Sōma, Food Wars], season 4, episode 8, spoken by Rindō Kobayashi (Shizuka Itō), Tokyo, via Tokyo MX:

That's right, the arapaima! It lives in the Amazon River Basin and is the world's largest freshwater fish!

Sō, pirarukū! Amazongawa ryūiki ni seisoku suru sekai saidai no tansuigyo da ze!

そう、ピラルクー！アマゾン川流域に生息する世界最大の淡水魚だぜ！

世界最大 せかいさいだい


猩々袴

ja-noun

猩(しょう)々(じょう)袴(ばかま) or 猩々袴(ショウジョウバカマ) • (shōjōbakama)

猩々袴 (canonical)
猩々袴 (canonical)
shōjōbakama (romanization)

Literally, “orangutan hakama”, compound of 猩々(しょうじょう) (shōjō, “orangutan”) + 袴(はかま) (hakama, “hakama- traditional Japanese trousers”). The hakama changes to bakama as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Oriental swamp pink, Heloniopsis orientalis

ja:ショウジョウバカマ


片栗

片栗 (canonical)
片栗 (canonical)
katakuri (romanization)

Erythronium japonicum
Erythronium japonicum#Translingual


太藺

太藺 (canonical)
太藺 (canonical)
futoi (romanization)

Literally, “thick rush”, compound of 太(ふと) (futo, “thick”) + 藺(い) (i, “rush, bulrush”)

softstem bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani)


蛍藺

蛍藺 (canonical)
蛍藺 (canonical)
hotarui (romanization)

Literally, “firefly rush”, compound of 蛍(ほたる) (hotaru, “firefly”) + 藺(い) (i, “rush, bulrush”)


杉菜

杉菜 (canonical)
杉菜 (canonical)
sugina (romanization)

Equisetum arvense
Equisetum arvense#Translingual


舟腹草

ja-noun

舟(ふな)腹(ばら)草(そう) or 舟腹草(フナバラソウ) • (funabarasō) ^(←ふなばらさう (funabarasau)?)

舟腹草 (canonical)
舟腹草 (canonical)
funabarasō (romanization)
funabarasau (romanization)
ふなばらさう (hiragana historical)

Literally, “ship's hold grass”, compound of 船腹(ふなばら) (funabara, “ship's hold”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass”)


藺草

藺草 (canonical)
藺草 (canonical)
igusa (romanization)

Juncus effusus
Juncus effusus#Translingual

Juncus effusus, commonly known as common rush or soft rush, a flowering plant.


蔓梅擬

ja-noun

蔓(つる)梅(うめ)擬(もどき) or 蔓梅擬(ツルウメモドキ) • (tsurūmemodoki)

蔓梅擬 (canonical)
蔓梅擬 (canonical)
tsurūmemodoki (romanization)

round-leaved bittersweet, Celastrus orbiculatus


松葉牡丹

松(まつ)葉(ば)牡(ぼ)丹(たん) or 松葉牡丹(マツバボタン) • (matsubabotan)

松葉牡丹 (canonical)
松葉牡丹 (canonical)
matsubabotan (romanization)

Literally, “pine-needle peony”, compound of 松葉(まつば) (matsuba, “pine needle”) + 牡丹(ぼたん) (botan, “peony”)


鉤葛

ja-noun

鉤(かぎ)葛(かずら) or 鉤葛(カギカズラ) • (kagikazura) ^(←かぎかづら (kagikadura)?)

鉤葛 (canonical)
鉤葛 (canonical)
kagikazura (romanization)
kagikadura (romanization)
かぎかづら (hiragana historical)

Literally, “hook vine”, compound of 鉤(かぎ) (kagi, “hook”) + 葛(かずら) (kazura, “vine, creeper”)


靫葛

ja-noun

靫(うつぼ)葛(かずら) or 靫葛(ウツボカズラ) • (utsubokazura)

靫葛 (canonical)
靫葛 (canonical)
utsubokazura (romanization)

Literally, “quiver vine”, compound of 靫(うつぼ) (utsubo, “quiver”) + 葛(かずら) (kazura, “creeping plant, vine”)

ja-compound

Raffle's pitcher plant, Nepenthes rafflesiana


野茨

野茨 (canonical)
野茨 (canonical)
noibara (romanization)

Rosa multiflora
Rosa multiflora#Translingual


春女郎花

ja-noun

春(はる)女郎花(おみなえし) • (haruominaeshi) ^(←はるをみなえし (farwominaesi)?)

春女郎花 (canonical)
haruominaeshi (romanization)
farwominaesi (romanization)
はるをみなえし (hiragana historical)

Literally, “spring maiden-flower”, compound of 春(はる) (haru, “spring”) + 女郎花(おみなえし) (ominaeshi, “maiden-flower”)

ja-compound

Synonym of 鹿の子草 (kanokosō, “Valeriana fauriei”)


大葉女郎花

ja-noun

大(おお)葉(ば)女郎花(おみなえし) • (ōbaominaeshi) ^(←おほばをみなえし (ofobawominaesi)?)

大葉女郎花 (canonical)
ōbaominaeshi (romanization)
ofobawominaesi (romanization)
おほばをみなえし (hiragana historical)

Literally, “large leafed maiden flower”, compound of 大葉(おおば) (ōba, “large leaf”) + 女郎花(おみなえし) (ominaeshi, “maiden flower”)

ja-compound

丸葉金鈴花 丸葉金鈴花#Japanese

Synonym of 丸葉金鈴花 (marubakinreika, “swollen patrinia, Patrinia gibbosa”)


擬宝珠

擬宝珠 (canonical)
擬宝珠 (canonical)
gibōshi (romanization)

ja:ギボウシ ja:擬宝珠


富貴草

ja-noun

富(ふっ)貴(き)草(そう) or 富貴草(フッキソウ) • (fukkisō) ^(←ふっきさう (fukkisau)?)

富貴草 (canonical)
富貴草 (canonical)
fukkisō (romanization)
fukkisau (romanization)
ふっきさう (hiragana historical)

Literally, “riches grass”, compound of 富貴(ふうき) (fūki, “wealth and rank”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”). ふっき (“fukki”) is a contraction of ふうき (“fūki”).


藪蘭

藪蘭 (canonical)
藪蘭 (canonical)
yaburan (romanization)

Literally, “thicket orchid”, compound of 藪(やぶ) (yabu, “grove, thicket”) + 蘭(らん) (ran, “orchid”)


鴎蘭

鴎蘭 (canonical)
鴎蘭 (canonical)
kamomeran (romanization)

Literally, “gull orchid”, compound of 鴎(かもめ) (kamome, “gull”) + 蘭(らん) (ran, “orchid”)


竜舌蘭

ja-noun

竜(りゅう)舌(ぜつ)蘭(らん) or 竜舌蘭(リュウゼツラン) • (ryūzetsuran)

竜舌蘭 (canonical)
竜舌蘭 (canonical)
ryūzetsuran (romanization)

[ɾʲɨːze̞t͡sɨɾã̠ɴ]

Compound of 竜(りゅう) (ryū, “dragon”) + 舌(ぜつ) (zetsu, “tongue”) + 蘭(らん) (ran, “orchid”).


隼人瓜

ja-noun

隼(はや)人(と)瓜(うり) or 隼人瓜(ハヤトウリ) • (hayato uri)

隼人瓜 (canonical)
隼人瓜 (canonical)
hayato uri (romanization)

From 隼人(はやと) (hayato) + 瓜(うり) (uri), alluding to its introduction via Kagoshima.

Sechium edule
Sechium edule#Translingual


立葵

立葵 (canonical)
立葵 (canonical)
tachiaoi (romanization)

薄紅立葵

薄紅立葵 うすべにたちあおい


蛍撫子

蛍撫子(ほたるなでしこ) or 蛍撫子(ホタルナデシコ) • (hotarunadeshiko)

蛍撫子 (canonical)
蛍撫子 (canonical)
hotarunadeshiko (romanization)

Literally, “firefly pink”, 蛍(ほたる) (hotaru, “firefly”) + 撫子(なでしこ) (nadeshiko, “pink”)


合田草

ja-noun

合(ごう)田(だ)草(そう) or 合田草(ゴウダソウ) • (gōdasō)

合田草 (canonical)
合田草 (canonical)
gōdasō (romanization)


蛍葛

蛍(ほたる)葛(かずら) or 蛍葛(ホタルカズラ) • (hotarukazura) ^(←ほたるかづら (fotarukadura)?)

蛍葛 (canonical)
蛍葛 (canonical)
hotarukazura (romanization)
fotarukadura (romanization)
ほたるかづら (hiragana historical)

Literally, “firefly creeper”, compound of 蛍(ほたる) (hotaru, “firefly”) + 葛(かずら) (kazura, “creeper”)


牡丹蔓

ja-noun

牡丹蔓(ぼたんづる) or 牡丹蔓(ボタンヅル) • (botanzuru)

牡丹蔓 (canonical)
牡丹蔓 (canonical)
botanzuru (romanization)

Literally, “peony vine”, compound of 牡丹(ぼたん) (botan, “peony”) + 蔓(つる) (tsuru, “vine”). The tsuru changes to zuru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

先島牡丹蔓

先島牡丹蔓 サキシマ　ボタンヅル


風露草

ja-noun

風(ふう)露(ろ)草(そう) or 風露草(フウロソウ) • (fūrosō) ^(←ふうろさう (fuurosau)?)

風露草 (canonical)
風露草 (canonical)
fūrosō (romanization)
fuurosau (romanization)
ふうろさう (hiragana historical)

Literally, “wind and dew plant”, compound of 風露(ふうろ) (fūro, “wind and dew”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”)


瑠璃繁縷

ja-noun

瑠(る)璃(り)繁縷(はこべ) or 瑠璃繁縷(ルリハコベ) • (rurihakobe)

瑠璃繁縷 (canonical)
瑠璃繁縷 (canonical)
rurihakobe (romanization)

Literally, “azure chickweed”, compound of 瑠璃(るり) (ruri, “lapis lazuli, azure”) + 繁縷(はこべ) (hakobe, “chickweed”)


藪枯

ja-noun

藪(やぶ)枯(がらし) or 藪枯(ヤブガラシ) • (yabugarashi)

藪枯 (canonical)
藪枯 (canonical)
yabugarashi (romanization)


瑠璃虎の尾

瑠(る)璃(り)虎(とら)の尾(お) or 瑠璃虎(ルリトラ)の尾(オ) • (ruri tora no o)

瑠璃虎の尾 (canonical)
瑠璃虎の尾 (canonical)
ruri tora no o (romanization)

Literally, “azure tiger's tail”, compound of 瑠璃(るり) (ruri, “azure”) + 虎(とら)の尾(お) (tora no o, “tiger's tail”)


南蛮繁縷

ja-noun

南(なん)蛮(ばん)繁縷(はこべ) or 南蛮繁縷(ナンバンハコベ) • (nanban hakobe)

南蛮繁縷 (canonical)
南蛮繁縷 (canonical)
nanban hakobe (romanization)

Literally, “southern barbarian chickweed”, compound of 南蛮(なんばん) (nanban, “southern barbarian”) + 繁縷(はこべ) (hakobe, “chickweed”)


藪茗荷

ja-noun

藪(やぶ)茗(みょう)荷(が) or 藪茗荷(ヤブミョウガ) • (yabu myōga)

藪茗荷 (canonical)
藪茗荷 (canonical)
yabu myōga (romanization)

Literally, “thicket myoga”, compound of 藪(やぶ) (yabu, “thicket, grove”) + 茗荷(みょうが) (myōga, “myoga, Japanese ginger”)


瑠璃溝隠

ja-noun

瑠(る)璃(り)溝(みぞ)隠(かくし) or 瑠璃溝隠(ルリミゾカクシ) • (ruri mizokakushi)

瑠璃溝隠 (canonical)
瑠璃溝隠 (canonical)
ruri mizokakushi (romanization)

Literally, “azure lobelia”, compound of 瑠璃(るり) (ruri, “azure”) + 溝隠(みぞかくし) (mizokakushi, “chinese lobelia”)


藪手毬

ja-noun

藪(やぶ)手(で)毬(まり) or 藪手毬(ヤブデマリ) • (yabudemari)

藪手毬 (canonical)
藪手毬 (canonical)
yabudemari (romanization)

Literally, “thicket ball”, compound of 藪(やぶ) (yabu, “thicket, grove”) + 手毬(てまり) (temari, “temari, hand ball”). The temari changes to demari as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


藪苧麻

藪苧麻 (canonical)
藪苧麻 (canonical)
yabu mao (romanization)

Literally, “thicket ramie”, compound of 藪(やぶ) (yabu, “thicket, grove”) + 苧麻(まお) (mao, “ramie”)


溝隠

ja-noun

溝(みぞ)隠(かくし) or 溝隠(ミゾカクシ) • (mizokakushi)

溝隠 (canonical)
溝隠 (canonical)
mizokakushi (romanization)

Literally, “ditch hiding”, 溝(みぞ) (mizo, “ditch”) + 隠(かくし) (kakushi, “hiding”)

ja-compound

瑠璃溝隠

瑠璃溝隠 るりみぞかくし


柊草

ja-noun

柊(ひいらぎ)草(そう) or 柊草(ヒイラギソウ) • (hīragisō)

柊草 (canonical)
柊草 (canonical)
hīragisō (romanization)

Literally, “holly osmanthus grass”, 柊(ひいらぎ) (hīragi, “holly osmanthus”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass”)


翁草

翁草 (canonical)
翁草 (canonical)
okinagusa (romanization)

Literally, “old man grass”, 翁(おきな) (okina, “old man”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

narrow-leaf pasque-flower, Pulsatilla cernua


野芥子

野芥子 (canonical)
野芥子 (canonical)
nogeshi (romanization)

Compound of 野(の) (no) + 芥子(けし) (keshi). The keshi changes to geshi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

2005, Kawahara Katsuyuki, Yasō o taberu [Eating wildflowers], page 35:

Compared to sow thistle, Indian lettuce has paler yellow flowers, and its leaves are not held on stalks.

アキノノゲシはノゲシに比べて花の色が黄白色と淡く、葉に柄があって茎を抱かない。

Akinonogeshi wa nogeshi ni kurabete hana no iro ga ōhakushoku to awaku, ha ni e ga atte kuki o dakanai.

Sonchus oleraceus
Sonchus oleraceus#Translingual


犬蓼

犬蓼 (canonical)
犬蓼 (canonical)
inutade (romanization)

Literally, “dog knotweed”, 犬(いぬ) (inu, “dog”) + 蓼(たで) (tade, “knotweed”)

long-bristled smartweed, Persicaria longiseta


山藍

山藍 (canonical)
山藍 (canonical)
yama ai (romanization)

Literally, “mountain indigo”, 山(やま) (yama, “mountain”) + 藍(あい) (ai, “indigo”)

Mercurialis leiocarpa, a species of mercury


羊蹄

羊蹄 (canonical)
羊蹄 (canonical)
gishigishi (romanization)


紅花襤褸菊

ja-noun

紅(べに)花(ばな)襤褸(ぼろ)菊(ぎく) or 紅花襤褸菊(ベニバナボロギく) • (benibanaborogiku)

紅花襤褸菊 (canonical)
紅花襤褸菊 (canonical)
benibanaborogiku (romanization)

Literally, “red flowered rag chrysanthemum”, compound of 紅花(べにばな) (benibana, “red flower”) + 襤褸菊(ぼろぎく) (borogiku, “Literally, “rag chrysanthemum”, Nemosenecio nikoensis”).

ja-compound

redflower ragleaf (Crassocephalum crepidioides)


紫雲英

ja-noun

紫雲英(げんげ) or 紫雲英(ゲンゲ) • (genge)

紫雲英 (canonical)
紫雲英 (canonical)
genge (romanization)


釣鐘人参

釣(つり)鐘(がね)人(にん)参(じん) or 釣鐘人参(ツリガネニンジン) • (tsurigane ninjin)

釣鐘人参 (canonical)
釣鐘人参 (canonical)
tsurigane ninjin (romanization)

Literally, “hanging bell carrot”, 釣鐘(つりがね) (tsurigane, “hanging bell”) + 人参(にんじん) (ninjin, “carrot”)

ja-compound

Japanese lady bell, Adenophora triphylla var. japonica


海蛍

海蛍 (canonical)
海蛍 (canonical)
umihotaru (romanization)

→ English: sea-firefly (calque)

[ɯ̟mʲiho̞ta̠ɾɯ̟]

From 海(うみ) (umi, “sea”) + 蛍(ほたる) (hotaru, “firefly”).

sea-firefly, Vargula hilgendorfii, a small bioluminescent ostracod found in Japan


末摘花

末摘花 (canonical)
suetsumuhana (romanization)

(archaic) Synonym of 紅花 (benibana, “safflower”)


鎌柄

鎌柄 (canonical)
鎌柄 (canonical)
kamatsuka (romanization)

Literally, “sickle handle”, 鎌(かま) (kama, “sickle”) + 柄(つか) (tsuka, “handle”)

Amaranthus tricolor
Amaranthus tricolor#Translingual

Synonym of 葉鶏頭 (hageitō, “Chinese amaranth, Amaranthus tricolor”)


甘野老

ja-noun

甘(あま)野老(どころ) or 甘野老(アマドコロ) • (amadokoro)

甘野老 (canonical)
甘野老 (canonical)
amadokoro (romanization)

Literally, “sweet wild yam”, compound of 甘(あま) (ama, “sweet”) + 野老(ところ) (tokoro, “wild yam”)

ja-compound

Polygonatum odoratum
Polygonatum odoratum#Translingual

scented Solomon's seal, Polygonatum odoratum, specifically var. pluriflorum


鹿の子草

ja-noun

鹿(か)の子(こ)草(そう) or 鹿(カ)の子草(コソウ) • (kanokosō)

鹿の子草 (canonical)
鹿の子草 (canonical)
kanokosō (romanization)

Literally, “fawn grass”, compound of 鹿(か)の子(こ) (kanoko, “fawn”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”)


マルモット

Borrowed from French marmotte. Doublet of マーモット (māmotto, “marmot”) and モルモット (morumotto, “guinea pig”).


黒慈姑

ja-noun

黒(くろ)慈姑(ぐわい) or 黒慈姑(クログワイ) • (kuroguwai)

黒慈姑 (canonical)
黒慈姑 (canonical)
kuroguwai (romanization)

Literally, “black arrowhead”, 黒(くろ) (kuro, “black”) + 慈姑(くわい) (kuwai, “arrowhead”). The kuwai changes to guwai as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Eleocharis kuroguwai, a kind of spikerush


春竜胆

ja-noun

春(はる)竜胆(りんどう) or 春竜胆(ハルリンドウ) • (harurindō) ^(←はるりんだう (farurindau)?)

春竜胆 (canonical)
春竜胆 (canonical)
harurindō (romanization)
farurindau (romanization)
はるりんだう (hiragana historical)

Literally, “spring gentian”, compound of 春(はる) (haru, “spring”) + 竜胆(りんどう) (rindō, “gentian”)


コーヒーの木

ja-noun

コーヒーの木(き) or コーヒーの木(キ) • (kōhī no ki)

コーヒーの木 (canonical)
コーヒーの木 (canonical)
kōhī no ki (romanization)


蔓竜胆

蔓(つる)竜胆(りんどう) or 蔓竜胆(ツルリンドウ) • (tsururindō) ^(←つるりんだう (tururindau)?)

蔓竜胆 (canonical)
蔓竜胆 (canonical)
tsururindō (romanization)
tururindau (romanization)
つるりんだう (hiragana historical)

Literally, “vine gentian”, compound of 蔓(つる) (tsuru, “vine”) + 竜胆(りんどう) (rindō, “gentian”)


靫草

靫草 (canonical)
靫草 (canonical)
utsubogusa (romanization)

Literally, “quiver grass”, 靫(うつぼ) (utsubo, “quiver”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass, plant”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

common self-heal, Prunella vulgaris subsp. asiatica


鳴子百合

ja-noun

鳴(なる)子(こ)百合(ゆり) or 鳴子百合(ナルコユリ) • (narukoyuri)

鳴子百合 (canonical)
鳴子百合 (canonical)
narukoyuri (romanization)

[na̠ɾɯ̟ko̞jɯ̟ɾʲi]

Literally, “clapper lily”, compound of 鳴子(なるこ) (naruko, “clapper”) + 百合(ゆり) (yuri, “lily”)

ja-compound

Polygonatum falcatum, a species of Solomon's seal


鼠黐

ja-noun

鼠(ねずみ)黐(もち) or 鼠黐(ネズミモチ) • (nezumimochi)

鼠黐 (canonical)
鼠黐 (canonical)
nezumimochi (romanization)

Literally, “mouse holly”, compound of 鼠(ねずみ) (nezumi, “mouse, rat”) + 黐(もち) (mochi, “holly, bird lime”)


蔓黄楊

蔓黄楊 (canonical)
蔓黄楊 (canonical)
tsurutsuge (romanization)

Literally, “vine box”, 蔓(つる) (tsuru, “vine”) + 黄楊(つげ) (tsuge, “box”)


昼顔

ja-noun

昼(ひる)顔(がお) or 昼顔(ヒルガオ) • (hirugao) ^(←ひるがほ (firugafo)?)

昼顔 (canonical)
昼顔 (canonical)
hirugao (romanization)
firugafo (romanization)
ひるがほ (hiragana historical)

[çiɾɯ̟ɡa̠o̞]

Literally, “daytime face”, from 昼(ひる) (hiru, “daytime noon”) + 顔(かお) (kao, “face”). The kao changes to gao as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


苗代苺

ja-noun

苗(なわ)代(しろ)苺(いちご) or 苗代苺(ナワシロイチゴ) • (nawashiro ichigo)

苗代苺 (canonical)
苗代苺 (canonical)
nawashiro ichigo (romanization)

[na̠β̞a̠ɕiɾo̞ it͡ɕiɡo̞]

Literally, “rice nursery strawberry”, 苗代(なわしろ) (nawashiro, “rice nursery bed”) + 苺(いちご) (ichigo, “strawberry”)


瑠璃草

瑠璃草 (canonical)
瑠璃草 (canonical)
rurisō (romanization)

Literally, “azure grass”, 瑠璃(るり) (ruri, “azure”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”)

蝦夷瑠璃草

蝦夷瑠璃草 エゾルリソウ

Synonym of 蛍葛 (hotaru kazura, “Lithospermum zollingeri”)


露草

露草 (canonical)
露草 (canonical)
tsuyukusa (romanization)

Literally, “dew grass”, compound of 露(つゆ) (tsuyu, “dew”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass”)


藪紫

ja-noun

藪(やぶ)紫(むらさき) or 藪紫(ヤブムラサキ) • (yabumurasaki)

藪紫 (canonical)
藪紫 (canonical)
yabumurasaki (romanization)

Callicarpa mollis, species of beautyberry


水葵

水(みず)葵(あおい) or 水葵(ミズアオイ) • (mizuaoi) ^(←みづあふひ (miduafufi)?)

水葵 (canonical)
水葵 (canonical)
mizuaoi (romanization)
miduafufi (romanization)
みづあふひ (hiragana historical)

Literally, “water hollyhock, water mallow”, compound of 水(みず) (mizu, “water”) + 葵(あおい) (aoi, “hollyhock, mallow”).


敦盛草

ja-noun

敦(あつ)盛(もり)草(そう) or 敦盛草(アツモリソウ) • (atsumorisō)

敦盛草 (canonical)
敦盛草 (canonical)
atsumorisō (romanization)

Literally, “Atsumori grass”, compound of 敦盛(あつもり) (Atsumori) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”). Named for Taira no Atsumori.

ja-compound

large-flowered cypripedium, Cypripedium macranthos


薙刀香薷

ja-noun

薙刀(なぎなた)香(こう)薷(じゅ) or 薙刀香薷(ナギナタコウジュ) • (naginata kōju)

薙刀香薷 (canonical)
薙刀香薷 (canonical)
naginata kōju (romanization)

Literally, “naginata balm”, 薙刀(なぎなた) (naginata) + 香薷(こうじゅ) (kōju, “Vietnamese balm”)


馬の鈴草

ja-noun

馬(うま)の鈴(すず)草(くさ) or 馬(ウマ)の鈴草(スズクサ) • (umanosuzukusa)

馬の鈴草 (canonical)
馬の鈴草 (canonical)
umanosuzukusa (romanization)

Literally, “horse bell grass”, 馬(うま)の鈴(すず) (uma no suzu, “horse bell”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass, plant”)


葉鶏頭

ja-noun

葉(は)鶏(げい)頭(とう) or 葉鶏頭(ハゲイトウ) • (hageitō)

葉鶏頭 (canonical)
葉鶏頭 (canonical)
hageitō (romanization)

Literally, “leafy cockscomb”, compound of 葉(は) (ha, “leaf”) + 鶏頭(けいとう) (keitō, “plumed cockscomb, Celosia argentea”)

ja-compound

Chinese amaranth, Amaranthus tricolor subsp. tricolor


桜蓼

桜蓼 (canonical)
桜蓼 (canonical)
sakuratade (romanization)

Literally, “cherry-knotweed”, compound of 桜(さくら) (sakura, “cherry tree”) + 蓼(たで) (tade, “knotweed, smartweed”)


浜靫

浜靫 (canonical)
浜靫 (canonical)
hamautsubo (romanization)

Literally, “shore quiver”, 浜(はま) (hama, “beach, seashore”) + 靫(うつぼ) (utsubo, “quiver”)

Orobanche coerulescens, species of broomrape


塩竈菊

ja-noun

塩(しお)竈(がま)菊(ぎく) or 塩竈菊(シオガマギク) • (shiogamagiku) ^(←しほがまぎく (sifogamagiku)?)

塩竈菊 (canonical)
塩竈菊 (canonical)
shiogamagiku (romanization)
sifogamagiku (romanization)
しほがまぎく (hiragana historical)

Literally, “salt-stove chrysanthemum”, 塩竃(しおがま) (shiogama, “salt stove”) + 菊(きく) (kiku, “chrysanthemum”). The kiku changes to giku as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Pedicularis resupinata subsp. oppositifolia


蓬莱竹

ja-noun

蓬(ほう)莱(らい)竹(ちく) or 蓬莱竹(ホウライチク) • (hōraichiku)

蓬莱竹 (canonical)
蓬莱竹 (canonical)
hōraichiku (romanization)

Literally, “Hōrai bamboo”, 蓬莱(ほうらい) (Hōrai) + 竹(ちく) (chiku, “bamboo”)


熊竹蘭

ja-noun

熊(くま)竹(たけ)蘭(らん) or 熊竹蘭(クマタケラン) • (kumatakeran)

熊竹蘭 (canonical)
熊竹蘭 (canonical)
kumatakeran (romanization)


磯菊

磯菊 (canonical)
磯菊 (canonical)
isogiku (romanization)

Literally, “seashore chrysanthemum”, 磯(いそ) (iso, “rocky seashore”) + 菊(きく) (kiku, “chrysanthemum”). The kiku changes to giku as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

gold and silver chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum pacificum


屁糞葛

ja-noun

屁(へ)糞(くそ)葛(かずら) or 屁糞葛(ヘクソカズラ) • (hekusokazura)

屁糞葛 (canonical)
屁糞葛 (canonical)
hekusokazura (romanization)

Literally, “fart and shit vine”, 屁(へ) (he, “fart”) + 糞(くそ) (kuso, “shit”) + 葛(かずら) (kazura, “creeper, vine”)


野路菊

ja-noun

野(の)路(じ)菊(ぎく) or 野路菊(ノジギク) • (nojigiku) ^(←のぢぎく (nodigiku)?)

野路菊 (canonical)
野路菊 (canonical)
nojigiku (romanization)
nodigiku (romanization)
のぢぎく (hiragana historical)

Literally, “field-path chrysanthemum”, compound of 野路(のじ) (noji, “path through the middle of a field”) + 菊(きく) (kiku, “chrysanthemum”). The kiku changes to giku as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

silver chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum japonense


黒檜

黒檜 (canonical)
黒檜 (canonical)
kurobe (romanization)


沢柴

ja-noun

沢(さわ)柴(しば) or 沢柴(サワシバ) • (sawashiba) ^(←さはしば (safasiba)?)

沢柴 (canonical)
沢柴 (canonical)
sawashiba (romanization)
safasiba (romanization)
さはしば (hiragana historical)

Literally, “swamp brush”, 沢(さわ) (sawa, “swamp”) + 柴(しば) (shiba, “brushwood, firewood”)


鬼百合

鬼百合 (canonical)
鬼百合 (canonical)
oniyuri (romanization)

Literally, “demon lily”, 鬼(おに) (oni, “ghost, demon”) + 百合(ゆり) (yuri, “lily”)


猫柳

猫柳 (canonical)
猫柳 (canonical)
nekoyanagi (romanization)

Literally, “cat willow”, 猫(ねこ) (neko, “cat”) + 柳(やなぎ) (yanagi, “willow”)

rosegold pussy willow, Salix gracilistyla


榎草

榎草 (canonical)
榎草 (canonical)
enokigusa (romanization)

Literally, “hackberry grass”, 榎(えのき) (enoki, “hackberry”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


沢鵯

ja-noun

沢(さわ)鵯(ひよどり) or 沢鵯(サワヒヨドリ) • (sawahiyodori) ^(←さはひよどり (safafyodori)?)

沢鵯 (canonical)
沢鵯 (canonical)
sawahiyodori (romanization)
safafyodori (romanization)
さはひよどり (hiragana historical)

Literally, “swamp bulbul”, compound of 沢(さわ) (sawa, “swamp”) + 鵯(ひよどり) (hiyodori, “bulbul”)


鵯花

ja-noun

鵯(ひよどり)花(ばな) or 鵯花(ヒヨドリバナ) • (hiyodoribana)

鵯花 (canonical)
鵯花 (canonical)
hiyodoribana (romanization)

Literally, “bulbul flower”, compound of 鵯(ひよどり) (hiyodori, “bulbul”) + 花(はな) (hana, “flower”). The hana changes to bana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


双葉葵

ja-noun

双(ふた)葉(ば)葵(あおい) or 双葉葵(フタバアオイ) • (futabāoi)

双葉葵 (canonical)
双葉葵 (canonical)
futabāoi (romanization)

Literally, “sprout hollyhock”, 双葉(ふたば) (futaba, “bud, sprout”) + 葵(あおい) (aoi, “hollyhock, mallow”)


冬葵

冬葵 (canonical)
冬葵 (canonical)
fuyuaoi (romanization)

Literally, “ winter mallow”, compound of 冬(ふゆ) (fuyu, “winter”) + 葵(あおい) (aoi, “mallow, hollyhock”)


細柄楓

ja-noun

細(ほそ)柄(え)楓(かえで) or 細柄楓(ホソエカエデ) • (hosoekaede)

細柄楓 (canonical)
細柄楓 (canonical)
hosoekaede (romanization)

Literally, “thin-hafted maple”, 細(ほそ) (hoso, “thin (in diameter)”) + 柄(え) (e, “haft, shaft”) + 楓(かえで) (kaede, “maple”)


日々草

ja-noun

日(にち)々(にち)草(そう) or 日々草(ニチニチソウ) • (nichinichisō)

日々草 (canonical)
日々草 (canonical)
nichinichisō (romanization)

Madagascar periwinkle
Madagascar periwinkle

Catharanthus roseus
Catharanthus roseus#Translingual

Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus

蔓日々草

蔓日々草 つるにちにちそう


姫風露

姫(ひめ)風(ふう)露(ろ) or 姫風露(ヒメフウロ) • (himefūro)

姫風露 (canonical)
姫風露 (canonical)
himefūro (romanization)

Geranium robertianum
Geranium robertianum#Translingual


空木

空木 (canonical)
空木 (canonical)
utsugi (romanization)


海蘭

海蘭 (canonical)
海蘭 (canonical)
unran (romanization)


黄金花

黄(こ)金(がね)花(ばな) or 黄金花(コガネバナ) • (koganebana)

黄金花 (canonical)
黄金花 (canonical)
koganebana (romanization)

Literally, “gold flower”, 黄金(こがね) (kogane, “gold, gold coin”) + 花(はな) (hana, “flower”). The hana changes to bana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Chinese skullcap, Scutellaria baicalensis


千両

ja-noun

千(せん)両(りょう) or 千両(センリョウ) • (senryō)

千両 (canonical)
千両 (canonical)
senryō (romanization)


踊子草

踊(おどり)子(こ)草(そう) or 踊子草(オドリコソウ) • (odorikosō)

踊子草 (canonical)
踊子草 (canonical)
odorikosō (romanization)

Literally, “dancer grass”, 踊子(おどりこ) (odoriko, “dancer”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”)

ja-compound

white deadnettle, Lamium album var. barbatum

大陸踊子草

大陸踊子草 タイリクオドリコソウ

姫踊子草

姫踊子草 ヒメオドリコソウ


錫杖草

ja-noun

錫(しゃく)杖(じょう)草(そう) or 錫杖草(シャクジョウソウ) • (shakujōsō)

錫杖草 (canonical)
錫杖草 (canonical)
shakujōsō (romanization)

Literally, “sounding-staff grass”, compound of 錫杖(しゃくじょう) (shakujō, “pewter staff”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”)

ja-compound

Monotropa hypopitys
Monotropa hypopitys#Translingual


岩袋

岩袋 (canonical)
岩袋 (canonical)
iwabukuro (romanization)

Literally, “stone bag”, 岩(いわ) (iwa, “stone, boulder”) + 袋(ふくろ) (fukuro, “bag”). The fukuro changes to bukuro as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


羽衣草

ja-noun

羽(は)衣(ごろも)草(ぐさ) or 羽衣草(ハゴロモグサ) • (hagoromogusa)

羽衣草 (canonical)
羽衣草 (canonical)
hagoromogusa (romanization)

Literally, “feather-robe plant”, compound of 羽衣(はごろも) (hagoromo, “feather robe”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass, plant”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Alchemilla japonica, a species of lady's mantle


花忍

ja-noun

花(はな)忍(しのぶ) or 花忍(ハナシノブ) • (hanashinobu)

花忍 (canonical)
花忍 (canonical)
hanashinobu (romanization)


花蘇芳

花(はな)蘇(す)芳(おう) or 花蘇芳(ハナスオウ) • (hanasuō)

花蘇芳 (canonical)
花蘇芳 (canonical)
hanasuō (romanization)

Literally, “flowering sappanwood”, 花(はな) (hana, “flower”) + 蘇芳(すおう) (suō, “sappanwood”)


風蝶草

ja-noun

風(ふう)蝶(ちょう)草(そう) or 風蝶草(フウチョウソウ) • (fūchōsō)

風蝶草 (canonical)
風蝶草 (canonical)
fūchōsō (romanization)

西洋風蝶草

西洋風蝶草 せいようふうちょうそう


山丹花

山(さん)丹(たん)花(か) or 山丹花(サンタンカ) • (santanka)

山丹花 (canonical)
山丹花 (canonical)
santanka (romanization)


葉芹草

葉(は)芹(ぜり)草(そう) or 葉芹草(ハゼリソウ) • (hazerisō)

葉芹草 (canonical)
葉芹草 (canonical)
hazerisō (romanization)


奴草

奴(やっこ)草(そう) or 奴草(ヤッコソウ) • (yakkosō)

奴草 (canonical)
奴草 (canonical)
yakkosō (romanization)

Literally, “servant plant”, 奴(やっこ) (yakko, “servant”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”)


狸蘭

狸蘭 (canonical)
狸蘭 (canonical)
tanukiran (romanization)

Literally, “tanuki orchid”, 狸(たぬき) (tanuki, “racoon-dog”) + 蘭(らん) (ran, “orchid”)


比翼草

ja-noun

比(ひ)翼(よく)草(そう) or 比翼草(ヒヨクソウ) • (hiyokusō)

比翼草 (canonical)
比翼草 (canonical)
hiyokusō (romanization)

Literally, “wings abreast grass”, compound of 比翼(ひよく) (hiyoku, “flying wing to wing”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass”)

ja-compound

樺太比翼草

樺太比翼草 からふとひよくそう


泡苔

泡苔 (canonical)
泡苔 (canonical)
awagoke (romanization)

Literally, “bubble moss”, 泡(あわ) (awa, “bubble, foam”) + 苔(こけ) (koke, “moss”). The koke changes to goke as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Callitriche japonica, a species of water starwort


杉苔

杉苔 (canonical)
杉苔 (canonical)
sugigoke (romanization)

Literally, “cedar moss”, 杉(すぎ) (sugi, “cedar”) + 苔(こけ) (koke, “moss”). The koke changes to goke as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

juniper haircap, Polytrichum juniperinum


刺草

刺草 (canonical)
刺草 (canonical)
irakusa (romanization)


印度蛇木

ja-noun

印(いん)度(ど)蛇(じゃ)木(ぼく) or 印度蛇木(インドジャボク) • (indojaboku)

印度蛇木 (canonical)
印度蛇木 (canonical)
indojaboku (romanization)


御柳擬

御(ぎょ)柳(りゅう)擬(もどき) or 御柳擬(ギョリュウモドキ) • (gyoryū modoki)

御柳擬 (canonical)
御柳擬 (canonical)
gyoryū modoki (romanization)

Calluna vulgaris
Calluna vulgaris#Translingual

ja:ギョリュウモドキ属


岩煙草

岩(いわ)煙草(たばこ) or 岩煙草(イワタバコ) • (iwatabako)

岩煙草 (canonical)
岩煙草 (canonical)
iwatabako (romanization)

Literally, “rock tobacco”, 岩(いわ) (iwa, “rock”) + 煙草(たばこ) (tabako, “tobacco”)


葛鬱金

ja-noun

葛(くず)鬱(う)金(こん) or 葛鬱金(クズウコン) • (kuzūkon)

葛鬱金 (canonical)
葛鬱金 (canonical)
kuzūkon (romanization)

[kɯ̟zɨːkõ̞ɴ]

Literally, “arrowroot tumeric”, compound of 葛(くず) (kuzu, “Japanese arrowroot”) + 鬱金(うこん) (ukon, “tumeric”)

ja-compound

Maranta arundinacea
Maranta arundinacea#Translingual


鬱金空木

ja-noun

鬱(う)金(こん)空(うつ)木(ぎ) or 鬱金空木(ウコンウツギ) • (ukon'utsugi)

鬱金空木 (canonical)
鬱金空木 (canonical)
ukon'utsugi (romanization)

[ɯ̟kõ̞ɰ̃ɯ̟t͡sɨɡʲi]

Literally, “tumeric deutzia”, 鬱金(うこん) (ukon, “tumeric”) + 空木(うつぎ) (utsugi, “deutzia”)


紫華鬘

ja-noun

紫(むらさき)華(け)鬘(まん) or 紫華鬘(ムラサキケマン) • (murasaki-keman)

紫華鬘 (canonical)
紫華鬘 (canonical)
murasaki-keman (romanization)

Literally, “purple decorative plaque”, 紫(むらさき) (murasaki, “purple”) + 華鬘(けまん) (keman, “Buddhist decorative plaque”)


雉鳩

雉鳩 (canonical)
雉鳩 (canonical)
kijibato (romanization)

Literally, “pheasant pigeon”, 雉(きじ) (kiji) + 鳩(はと) (hato, “pigeon”). The hato changes to bato as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

oriental turtle dove
oriental turtle dove

Streptopelia orientalis
Streptopelia orientalis#Translingual

oriental turtle dove, Streptopelia orientalis


麝香草

ja-noun

麝(じゃ)香(こう)草(そう) or 麝香草(ジャコウソウ) • (jakōsō)

麝香草 (canonical)
麝香草 (canonical)
jakōsō (romanization)

Literally, “musk plant”, 麝香(じゃこう) (jakō, “musk”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”)

ja-compound

愛鷹麝香草

愛鷹麝香草 あしたかじゃこうそう

伊吹麝香草

伊吹麝香草 いぶきじゃこうそう

立麝香草

立麝香草 たちじゃこうそう

谷麝香草

谷麝香草 たにじゃこうそう


半鐘蔓

ja-noun

半(はん)鐘(しょう)蔓(づる) or 半鐘蔓(ハンショウヅル) • (hanshōzuru)

半鐘蔓 (canonical)
半鐘蔓 (canonical)
hanshōzuru (romanization)

[hã̠ɰ̃ɕo̞ːzɨɾɯ̟]

Literally, “alarm-bell vine”, 半鐘(はんしょう) (hanshō, “signal bell, fire bell”) + 蔓(つる) (tsuru, “vine”). The tsuru changes to zuru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Clematis japonica, a species of clematis


蔓紫

ja-noun

蔓(つる)紫(むらさき) or 蔓紫(ツルムラサキ) • (tsurumurasaki)

蔓紫 (canonical)
蔓紫 (canonical)
tsurumurasaki (romanization)

[t͡sɨɾɯ̟mɯ̟ɾa̠sa̠kʲi]

Literally, “vine gromwell”, 蔓(つる) (tsuru, “vine”) + 紫(むらさき) (murasaki, “purple, gromwell”)


仙人草

ja-noun

仙(せん)人(にん)草(そう) or 仙人草(センニンソウ) • (senninsō)

仙人草 (canonical)
仙人草 (canonical)
senninsō (romanization)

[sẽ̞ɲ̟ːĩɰ̃so̞ː]

Literally, “immortal's grass”, compound of 仙人(せんにん) (sennin) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”)

ja-compound

sweet autumn clematis, Clematis terniflora


華鬘草

ja-noun

華(け)鬘(まん)草(そう) or 華鬘草(ケマンソウ) • (kemansō)

華鬘草 (canonical)
華鬘草 (canonical)
kemansō (romanization)

[ke̞mã̠ɰ̃so̞ː]

Literally, “decorative plaque grass”, 華鬘(けまん) (keman, “decorative plaque hung in the inner sanctum of Buddhist temples”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass, plant”)

ja-compound

Lamprocapnos spectabilis
Lamprocapnos spectabilis#Translingual

bleeding heart, Lamprocapnos spectabilis


爪草

爪草 (canonical)
爪草 (canonical)
tsumekusa (romanization)

Literally, “claw grass”, 爪(つめ) (tsume, “claw, talon”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass, plant”)


谷空木

ja-noun

谷(たに)空(うつ)木(ぎ) or 谷空木(タニウツギ) • (tani-utsugi)

谷空木 (canonical)
谷空木 (canonical)
tani-utsugi (romanization)

[ta̠ɲ̟iɯ̟t͡sɨɡʲi]

Literally, “valley deutzia”, 谷(たに) (tani, “valley”) + 空木(うつぎ) (utsugi, “deutzia”)


岩鏡

ja-noun

岩(いわ)鏡(かがみ) or 岩鏡(イワカガミ) • (iwakagami) ^(←いはかがみ (ifakagami)?)

岩鏡 (canonical)
岩鏡 (canonical)
iwakagami (romanization)
ifakagami (romanization)
いはかがみ (hiragana historical)

Literally, “rock mirror”, 岩(いわ) (iwa, “rock, boulder”) + 鏡(かがみ) (kagami, “mirror”)


立浪草

ja-noun

立(たつ)浪(なみ)草(そう) or 立浪草(タツナミソウ) • (tatsunamisō)

立浪草 (canonical)
立浪草 (canonical)
tatsunamisō (romanization)

Scutellaria indica, a species of skullcap


都草

都草 (canonical)
都草 (canonical)
miyakogusa (romanization)

Literally, “capital grass”, 都(みやこ) (miyako, “The Capital”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass, plant”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


水芭蕉

ja-noun

水(みず)芭(ば)蕉(しょう) or 水芭蕉(ミズバショウ) • (mizubashō)

水芭蕉 (canonical)
水芭蕉 (canonical)
mizubashō (romanization)

Literally, “water banana”, 水(みず) (mizu, “water”) + 芭蕉(ばしょう) (bashō, “banana”)

ja-compound

Asian skunk cabbage, Lysichiton camtschatcensis


アブラハヤ

An Amur minnow (Rhynchocypris lagowskii)


黄金苺

ja-noun

黄(こ)金(がね)苺(いちご) or 黄金苺(コガネイチゴ) • (kogane-ichigo)

黄金苺 (canonical)
黄金苺 (canonical)
kogane-ichigo (romanization)

Literally, “gold strawberry”, 黄金(こがね) (kogane, “gold, golden”) + 苺(いちご) (ichigo, “strawberry”)


野牡丹

野牡丹 (canonical)
野牡丹 (canonical)
nobotan (romanization)

Literally, “field peony”, 野(の) (no, “field, wild”) + 牡丹(ぼたん) (botan, “peony”)


甘藻

甘藻 (canonical)
甘藻 (canonical)
amamo (romanization)

Literally, “sweet seaweed”, 甘(あま) (ama, “sweet”) + 藻(も) (mo, “seaweed”)

Zostera marina
Zostera marina#Translingual


海老藻

海老藻 (canonical)
海老藻 (canonical)
ebimo (romanization)

Literally, “lobster weed”, 海老(えび) (ebi, “lobster, shrimp”) + 藻(も) (mo, “seaweed, algae”)

crisp-leaved pondweed, Potamogeton crispus


海老根

海老根 (canonical)
海老根 (canonical)
ebine (romanization)

Literally, “lobster root”, 海老(えび) (ebi, “lobster, shrimp”) + 根(ね) (ne, “root”)

猿面海老根

猿面海老根 さるめんえびね


沢瀉

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

Alisma plantago-aquatica
Alisma plantago-aquatica#Translingual

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried tuber of Alisma plantago-aquatica var. orientale


羽衣藻

ja-noun

羽(は)衣(ごろも)藻(も) or 羽衣藻(ハゴロモモ) • (hagoromomo)

羽衣藻 (canonical)
羽衣藻 (canonical)
hagoromomo (romanization)

Literally, “feather-robe seaweed”, 羽衣(はごろも) (hagoromo, “feather robe”) + 藻(も) (mo, “algae, seaweed”)


鬼蓮

鬼蓮 (canonical)
鬼蓮 (canonical)
onibasu (romanization)

Literally, “demon lotus”, 鬼(おに) (oni, “ghost, demon”) + 蓮(はす) (hasu, “lotus”). The hasu changes to basu as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Euryale ferox
Euryale ferox#Translingual


河骨

ja-noun

河(こう)骨(ほね) or 河骨(コウホネ) • (kōhone) ^(←かうほね (kaufone)?)

河骨 (canonical)
河骨 (canonical)
kōhone (romanization)
kaufone (romanization)
かうほね (hiragana historical)

East Asian yellow water-lily, Nuphar japonica


山葡萄

山(やま)葡(ぶ)萄(どう) or 山葡萄(ヤマブドウ) • (yamabudō)

山葡萄 (canonical)
山葡萄 (canonical)
yamabudō (romanization)

Literally, “mountain grape”, 山(やま) (yama, “mountain”) + 葡萄(ぶどう) (budō, “grape, grapevine”)