馬

Second grade kyōiku kanji (romanization)

牛馬

a small breed of horse, extinct since 1947


馬

馬 (canonical)
馬 (canonical)
uma (romanization)
頭 (counter)

Horse
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki
Tokyo dialect
Tōkai–Tōsan dialects
ja:馬

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
The initial m sound was apparently emphasized, possibly similar to *mma, becoming then uma or muma, via processes also seen in the word 梅 (ume, mume, “plum”). However, Pellard simply reconstructs Proto-Japonic *uma and treats the mentioned processes as secondary.
The ma sound denoting "horse" is common to a number of languages of central Asia, where horses were first domesticated, which has led some to speculate about a possible cognate root (but no consensus on any kind of relation exists). Compare Manchu ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ (morin, “horse”), Mongolian морь (morʹ, “horse”), Korean 말 (mal, “horse”), Mandarin 馬 /马 (mǎ, “horse”), and Proto-Indo-European *márkos (“horse”) and descendants such as Irish marc (“horse”, archaic) or English mare (“female horse”). More at *márkos.

a sawhorse: a four-leg stand made of wood or iron for supporting other materials


馬

Shift from uma form, becoming more common starting from the Heian Period. This change later reverted, and muma is now considered obsolete.

阿志加良能 美佐可多麻波理 可閇理美須 阿例波久江由久 阿良志乎母 多志夜波婆可流 不破乃世伎 久江弖和波由久 牟麻能都米 都久志能佐伎尓 知麻利為弖 阿例波伊波々牟 母呂々々波 佐祁久等麻乎須 可閇利久麻弖尓

[I] received [the permission of the deity to cross] the Asigara slope, and I will cross over [it] without looking back. Will a tough man hesitate to depart? I will go crossing Pupa barrier. [I] will stay and dwell at the cape in Tukushi (9) [that is easy to wear off like] a horse’s hoof, and I will pray [and I] will ask [the deities] that everybody [at home would be] safe until return.

c. 935 Tosa Nikki
ふぢはらのときざね、ふなぢなれど、むまのはなむけす。

The truth of the time in Fujiwara, even if [I'm] at the boat road, [I] exchange my horse nose (su element is unknown).

c. 935 Tosa Nikki
けふはあをむまをおもへど、かひなし。

Today even thinking about the blue horse [New Year's festival] is in vain.


馬

Possibly from preform *Nma, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *Cma.


蹄

Compound of ひ (hi, of indeterminate origin) + 爪 (tsume, “nail, claw”). The tsume changes to zume as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Compare the formation of related terms 平爪 (hirazume, “nail”, literally “flat nail”), 鉤爪 (kagizume, “claw”, literally “hook nail”).
First cited to roughly 934 CE in the Wamyō Ruijushō.

compound

(figurative, uncommon) an excellent horse, a fast horse

有蹄動物

an [[ungulate]], a [[hoofed]] [[animal]]


轡

Compound of 口 (kutsu, “mouth”, apophonic form of 口(くち) (kuchi)) + 環 (wa, “ring”)


辻

辻 (canonical)
tsuji (romanization)
tuzi (romanization)
つじ (hiragana historical)

Daijisen
Extended shinjitai
Kyūjitai
Shinjitai
ja:松村明

/tumuzi/ → */tuːzi/ → /t͡suʑi/
Shift from tsumuji (see below).

Short for 辻総 (tsujibusa): (dated, equestrianism) a decoration attached to the martingale


鐙

鐙 (canonical)
abumi (romanization)
あぶみ (hiragana historical)

足(あ) (a, “foot”) + 踏(ふ)み (fumi, continuative form of 踏(ふ)む (fumu, “to step on”)). The fumi changes to bumi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

1904, 河口慧海, チベット旅行記, 青空文庫:

低い椽に腰を掛けたような具合にごく鐙の紐を短くして足を折って乗って居る。

Hikui en ni koshi o kaketa yō na guai ni goku abumi no himo o mijikaku shite ashi o otte notte iru.

They ride with their stirrup straps very short and with their legs bent, in a manner like that of sitting on a low en.

舌短鐙

舌短鐙 したみじかあぶみ


鞦

Dated form of 尻繋.


駒

Compound of 子(こ) (ko, “child”) + 馬(ま) (ma, “horse”).
See also 子馬(こうま) (kouma).

(music) bridge (the piece, on string instruments, that supports the strings from the sounding board)


斑馬

斑馬 (canonical)
斑馬 (canonical)
shimauma (romanization)

Variant of 縞馬 (shimauma). Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 斑馬 /斑马 (bānmǎ).


明荷馬

the horse ridden by the bride at a wedding


生き馬

Sum of 生き (iki, “living”) (from 生きる (ikiru, “live”)) and 馬 (uma, “horse”).


駿逸

ja-noun

駿(しゅん)逸(いつ) • (shun'itsu) ^(←しゆんいつ (syun'itu)?)

駿逸 (canonical)
shun'itsu (romanization)
syun'itu (romanization)
しゆんいつ (hiragana historical)

[ɕɨ̃ɰ̃it͡sɨ]


駟馬

駟馬 (canonical)
駟馬 (canonical)
shiba (romanization)
shime (romanization)


軍馬

軍馬 (canonical)
gunba (romanization)
ぐんば (hiragana historical)


牝馬

From Middle Chinese 牝馬 (MC bjijX maeX). The 漢音 (kan'on), so a later borrowing.


牝馬

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.


牝馬

Attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.


栗毛

Compound of 栗(くり) (kuri) + 毛(け) (ke). The ke reading for 毛 changes to ge as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

chestnut color, often applied to a horse's coat


驢馬

驢馬 (canonical)
驢馬 (canonical)
roba (romanization)


子馬

子(こ) (ko, “child”) + 馬(うま) (uma, “horse”).
See also 駒(こま) (koma).


馬術

Origin unclear. Possibly borrowed from Middle Chinese 馬術 (mˠa^X ʑiuɪt̚, literally “horse + technique”); compare Min Nan reading bé-su̍t.
Alternatively, a Japanese coinage as a compound of Chinese-derived elements 馬 (ba, “horse”) + 術 (jutsu, “technique”).

compound

equestrianism, equestrian skills, horsemanship

流鏑馬

a traditional kind of horseback archery competition


絵馬

絵馬 (canonical)
ema (romanization)
wema (romanization)
ゑま (hiragana historical)

(Shinto) an ema, a small wooden plaque on which Shinto worshippers write their prayers or wishes, usually with the picture of a horse on it


サラブレッド

[sa̠ɾa̠bɯ̟ɾe̞d̚d̥o̞]

a thoroughbred (thoroughbred horse (breed))


縞馬

縞馬 (canonical)
縞馬 (canonical)
shimauma (romanization)

縞(しま) (shima, “stripe”) + 馬(うま) (uma, “horse”).


騎手

騎 (ki, “animal riding”) + 手 (-shu, “-ist; -er”)

suf

a jockey (one who rides racehorses competitively)


ダービー

ja-noun

ダービー • (dābī)


ダート

ダート • (dāto)

ダートコース ダートコース#Japanese

(horse racing) Clipping of ダートコース (dāto kōsu, “dirt course”).


競馬場

競(けい)馬(ば)場(じょう) • (keibajō) ^(←けいばぢやう (keibadyau)?)

競馬場 (canonical)
keibajō (romanization)
keibadyau (romanization)
けいばぢやう (hiragana historical)

From 競馬 (keiba, “horse racing”) + 場 (jō, “field”).


馬銜

馬銜 (canonical)
馬銜 (canonical)
hami (romanization)

Same as from 食み (hami), the nominalised 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 食む (hamu, “to eat”).


蹄鉄

蹄鉄をつける


駃騠

駃騠 (canonical)
駃騠 (canonical)
kettei (romanization)

a hinny (hybrid offspring of a male horse and a female donkey)


騾馬

騾馬 (canonical)
騾馬 (canonical)
raba (romanization)

a mule (offspring of male donkey and female horse)


牛頭馬頭

ja-pos

牛(ご)頭(ず)馬(め)頭(ず) • (Gozu Mezu) ^(←ごづめづ (Godumedu)?)

牛頭馬頭 (canonical)
Gozu Mezu (romanization)
Godumedu (romanization)
ごづめづ (hiragana historical)

From 牛頭 (Gozu, “Ox-Head”) + 馬頭 (Mezu, “Horse-Head”). Compare Chinese 牛頭馬面／牛头马面 (niútóumǎmiàn, literally “Ox-Head and Horse-Face”).

zh-l

(Buddhism, Chinese mythology, Japanese mythology) Ox-Head and Horse-Face, the two guardians of hell


蒙古野馬

ja-noun

蒙(もう)古(こ)野(の)馬(うま) or 蒙古野馬(モウコノウマ) • (Mōko nouma)

蒙古野馬 (canonical)
蒙古野馬 (canonical)
Mōko nouma (romanization)

蒙古 (Mōko, “Mongolia”) + 野馬 (nouma, “wild horse”)


マスタング

[ma̠sɨ̥tã̠ŋɡɯ̟]

ja:マスタング (曖昧さ回避)


馬主

[ɯ̟ma̠nɯ̟ɕi]

owner of horse(s), especially in relation to horse racing


ポニー

ja-noun

ポニー • (ponī)


クアッガ

[kɯ̟a̠ɡ̚ɡ̊a̠]


キャン

チベットノロバ チベットノロバ#Japanese

Synonym of チベットノロバ (Chibetto noroba, “kiang”)


山縞馬

山(やま)縞(しま)馬(うま) or 山縞馬(ヤマシマウマ) • (yamashimauma)

山縞馬 (canonical)
山縞馬 (canonical)
yamashimauma (romanization)

From 山 (yama, “mountain”) + 縞馬 (shimauma, “zebra”).


蒙古馬

ja-noun

蒙(もう)古(こ)馬(うま) or 蒙古馬(モウコウマ) • (Mōkouma)

蒙古馬 (canonical)
蒙古馬 (canonical)
Mōkouma (romanization)

蒙古 (Mōko, “Mongolia”) + 馬 (uma, “horse”)


グレビー縞馬

ja-noun

グレビー縞(しま)馬(うま) or グレビー縞馬(シマウマ) • (Gurebī shimauma)

グレビー縞馬 (canonical)
グレビー縞馬 (canonical)
Gurebī shimauma (romanization)

グレビー (Gurebī, from French Grévy) + 縞馬 (shimauma, “zebra”)

com

from French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">Grévy</i>


野馬

ja-noun

野(の)馬(うま) or 野(の)馬(ま) or 野(や)馬(ば) • (nouma or noma or yaba)

野馬 (canonical)
野馬 (canonical)
野馬 (canonical)
nouma (romanization)
noma (romanization)
yaba (romanization)

野 (no, ya, “field”) + 馬 (uma, ma, ba, “horse”)


チベットノロバ

ja-noun

チベットノロバ or チベットのろば or チベットノロバ • (chibettonoroba)

チベットノロバ (canonical)
チベットのろば (canonical)
chibettonoroba (romanization)

From チベット (Chibetto, “Tibet”) + 野 (no, “wild”) + 驢馬 (roba, “donkey”).


ジョッキー

ja-noun

ジョッキー • (jokkī)

[d͡ʑo̞k̚ʲkʲiː]

Synonym of 騎手 (kishu, “jockey”) (one who rides racehorses competitively)


無印

[mɯ̟ʑiɾɯ̟ɕi]

(horse racing) horse with little prospect of winning


水馬

techniques for crossing water bodies on horseback


千里馬

千(ちょん)里(り)馬(ま) or 千里馬(チョンリマ) or 千(ちょる)里(り)馬(ま) or 千里馬(チョルリマ) • (chonrima or chorurima)

千里馬 (canonical)
千里馬 (canonical)
千里馬 (canonical)
千里馬 (canonical)
chonrima (romanization)
chorurima (romanization)

[t͡ɕõ̞n̺ɾʲima̠]

[t͡ɕo̞ɾɯ̟ɾʲima̠]


馬券

勝馬投票券

勝馬投票券 かちうまとうひょうけん


単勝式

単勝式 (canonical)
tanshōshiki (romanization)

[tã̠ɰ̃ɕo̞ːɕikʲi]

betting system where one bets regarding the winner

betting ticket where one bets regarding the winner


かけあし

駆け足で電車に乗る

駈歩, 駆歩: (equestrianism) canter, the fastest speed at which a horse moves


かけあし

かけあしする (canonical)
kakeashi suru (romanization)
かけあしし (stem)
かけあしした (past)
かけあしし
kakeashi shi
かけあしする
kakeashi suru
かけあしすれ
kakeashi sure
かけあしせよ (imperative literary)
かけあししろ (colloquial imperative)
kakeashi seyo (imperative literary)
kakeashi shiro (colloquial imperative)
かけあしされる (passive)
kakeashi sareru (passive)
かけあしさせる (causative)
かけあしさす (causative)
kakeashi saseru (causative)
kakeashi sasu (causative)
かけあしできる (potential)
kakeashi dekiru (potential)
かけあししよう (volitional)
kakeashi shiyō (volitional)
かけあししない (negative)
kakeashi shinai (negative)
かけあしせず (continuative negative)
kakeashi sezu (continuative negative)
かけあしします (formal)
kakeashi shimasu (formal)
かけあしした (perfective)
kakeashi shita (perfective)
かけあしして (conjunctive)
kakeashi shite (conjunctive)
かけあしすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kakeashi sureba (conditional hypothetical)


いななく

ja-verb

いななく • (inanaku) ^(←いななく (inanaku)?)godan (stem いななき (inanaki), past いなないた (inanaita))

inanaku (romanization)
いななき (stem)
いなないた (past)
いななか
inanaka
いななき
inanaki
いななく
inanaku
いななけ
inanake
いななかれる (passive)
inanakareru (passive)
いななかせる (causative)
いななかす (causative)
inanakaseru (causative)
inanakasu (causative)
いななける (potential)
inanakeru (potential)
いななこう (volitional)
inanakō (volitional)
いななかない (negative)
inanakanai (negative)
いななかず (continuative negative)
inanakazu (continuative negative)
いななきます (formal)
inanakimasu (formal)
いなないた (perfective)
inanaita (perfective)
いなないて (conjunctive)
inanaite (conjunctive)
いななけば (conditional hypothetical)
inanakeba (conditional hypothetical)


激走

ja-noun

激(げき)走(そう) • (gekisō) ^(←げきそう (gekisou)?)

激走 (canonical)
gekisō (romanization)
gekisou (romanization)
げきそう (hiragana historical)


激走

激走する (canonical)
gekisō suru (romanization)
gekisou (romanization)
激走し (stem)
激走した (past)
激走し
げきそうし
gekisō shi
激走する
げきそうする
gekisō suru
激走すれ
げきそうすれ
gekisō sure
激走せよ (imperative literary)
激走しろ (colloquial imperative)
げきそうせよ (imperative literary)
げきそうしろ (colloquial imperative)
gekisō seyo (imperative literary)
gekisō shiro (colloquial imperative)
激走される (passive)
げきそうされる (passive)
gekisō sareru (passive)
激走させる (causative)
激走さす (causative)
げきそうさせる (causative)
げきそうさす (causative)
gekisō saseru (causative)
gekisō sasu (causative)
激走できる (potential)
げきそうできる (potential)
gekisō dekiru (potential)
激走しよう (volitional)
げきそうしよう (volitional)
gekisō shiyō (volitional)
激走しない (negative)
げきそうしない (negative)
gekisō shinai (negative)
激走せず (continuative negative)
げきそうせず (continuative negative)
gekisō sezu (continuative negative)
激走します (formal)
げきそうします (formal)
gekisō shimasu (formal)
激走した (perfective)
げきそうした (perfective)
gekisō shita (perfective)
激走して (conjunctive)
げきそうして (conjunctive)
gekisō shite (conjunctive)
激走すれば (conditional hypothetical)
げきそうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
gekisō sureba (conditional hypothetical)


小庭

小庭 (canonical)
koniwa (romanization)
konifa (romanization)
こには (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ɲ̟iβ̞a̠]

Superficially, 小(こ) (ko, “small”) + 庭(にわ) (niwa, “garden”).

ja-compound

(equestrianism) a narrow training ground for practicing the use of longswords on horseback


馬番

(horse racing) number assigned to horses in a race


出走馬

[ɕɨsːo̞ːba̠]

(horse racing) horses participating in a race


うまごみ

From 馬(うま) (uma) + 込(こ)み (komi). The komi changes to gomi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

(especially horse racing) crowd of horses


馬群

馬群 (canonical)
bagun (romanization)
ばぐん (hiragana historical)


野芝

野芝 (canonical)
野芝 (canonical)
noshiba (romanization)


歩様

歩様 (canonical)
hoyō (romanization)
foyau (romanization)
ほやう (hiragana historical)


三連単

ja-noun

三(さん)連(れん)単(たん) • (sanrentan) ^(←さんれんたん (sanrentan)?)

三連単 (canonical)
sanrentan (romanization)
さんれんたん (hiragana historical)

[sã̠n̺ɾẽ̞ntã̠ɴ]

(horse racing) betting on the first 3 winning horses, in order


三連複

三(さん)連(れん)複(ぷく) • (sanrenpuku) ^(←さんれんぷく (sanrenpuku)?)

三連複 (canonical)
sanrenpuku (romanization)
さんれんぷく (hiragana historical)

[sã̠n̺ɾẽ̞mpɯ̟kɯ̟]

(horse racing) betting on the first 3 winning horses, in any order


おおあな

ōana (romanization)
ofoana (romanization)
おほあな (hiragana historical)

(horse racing) dark horse; or the money gained from successfully betting on a dark horse


兎馬

[ɯ̟sa̠ɡʲiɯ̟ma̠]


牡馬

2009, 河原谷創次郎, 天正戦国大戦 二, 学研パブリッシング, →ISBN, page 149:

前近代の日本の軍馬は、その多くが牡馬であったという。

Zenkindai no Nihon no gunba wa, sono ōku ga boba de atta to iu.

It is said that the majority of the warhorses in premodern Japan were male horses.


牡馬

牡馬 (canonical)
ouma (romanization)
wouma (romanization)
をうま (hiragana historical)

1911, 島崎藤村, 千曲川のスケッチ, 青空文庫:

ファラリイスの駒三十四頭、牝馬二百四十頭、牡馬まで合せて三百余頭の馬匹が列をつくって通過したのも、この原へ通う道だった。

Fararīsu no koma sanjūyontō, meuma nihyakuyonjittō, ouma made awasete sanbyaku-yotō no bahitsu ga retsu o tsukutte tsūka shita no mo, kono hara e kayou michi datta.

The road leading to this field was also where a total of more than three hundred horses—including the thirty-four Phalaris foals, the two hundred forty female horses, and the male horses—passed through in file.


牡馬

牡馬 (canonical)
oma (romanization)
woma (romanization)
をま (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.


乗馬

乗馬 (canonical)
jōba (romanization)
zyouba (romanization)
じようば (hiragana historical)