大豆

大豆 (canonical)
daizu (romanization)
daidu (romanization)
だいづ (hiragana historical)

大豆蛋白

大豆蛋白 だいずたんぱく


杉

杉 (canonical)
杉 (canonical)
sugi (romanization)

→ English: sugi

From Old Japanese 杉 (sugi₂), which Miyake (1997) (apud Schuessler, 2007) associates with Old Chinese 松 (OC *sɢloŋ). Ultimately comes from reconstructed Proto-Japonic *sunkOi.
First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.

Cryptomeria japonica
Cryptomeria japonica#Translingual


杓

杓 (canonical)
杓 (canonical)
shaku (romanization)

Anthriscus sylvestris
Anthriscus sylvestris#Translingual


松

松 (canonical)
matsu (romanization)
matu (romanization)
まつ (hiragana historical)

Kojiki
Kyūjitai
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinjitai
Tōkyō
Ōsaka

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Kojiki of 712 and the Man'yōshū of 759. In turn, from Proto-Japonic *matu.
Various theories exist regarding its ultimate origin:
* Might be a shift from 保つ (tamotsu, “to hold”). However, the accent of 保つ (tamotsu) in the Heian period is HHL, while 松 (matsu) is LH. It can be better derived from 持つ (motsu, “to hold, to carry”), which has LF accent in the Heian period.
* Might be from 待つ (matsu, “to wait”), either from the way that a pine tree must wait for leaves to fall to grow new ones, or from the way that it lasts ten thousand years and preserves its color. The accent of 待つ (matsu) is LF.
* Possibly derived from 全く (mataku, “entirely”), from 全い (matai, “complete”), because it spends its time in the snow for winter. However, the classical term 全し (matasi) is HHF in the Heian period.
* From 睫毛 (matsuge, “eyelashes”), since their leaves represent such. However, it requires deletion of the -ge, and matsuge is certainly from 目 (ma-, “eye”).
* From 真常木 (matonoki, “true eternal tree”), as the pine tree is an evergreen tree.
* From a place name 松のむらたち (MATSU no muratachi), as opposed to muratatsu.
* From 芽厚 (meatsu, literally “bud (that feels) hot”).
* From 纏わる (matsuwaru, “get wrapped around”), as the leaves are around the trunk.
* From 真 (ma-, “true”) + つ (tsu, abbreviation of 約まる (tsuzumaru, “to shrink”)).
* From 間千 (machi, literally “space (of) thousands”).
* A shift from 股 (mata, “crouch”), as the pine tree leaves split into two.


柃

柃 (canonical)
柃 (canonical)
hisakaki (romanization)


柊

Osmanthus heterophyllus
Osmanthus heterophyllus#Translingual

holly osmanthus (Osmanthus heterophyllus)


柊

ja-noun

柊(ひいらぎ) or 柊(ヒイラギ) • (hīragi) ^(←ひひらぎ (fifiragi) or ヒヒラギ (fifiragi)?)

柊 (canonical)
柊 (canonical)
hīragi (romanization)
fifiragi (romanization)
ひひらぎ (hiragana historical)
ヒヒラギ (hiragana historical)

[Alt: Osmanthus heterophyllus]
⟨pi₁pi₁ra ki₂⟩ → */pʲipʲiraɡʷi/ → /fifiraɡi/ → /hiwiraɡi/ → /hiːraɡi/
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).
Appears to derive as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of now-obsolete verb 疼ぐ (hīragu, “to hurt with a stinging pain”), in reference to the sharp thorns on the leaves.

疼木: Osmanthus heterophyllus, a species of flowering plants known as the holly olive, holly osmanthus, or false holly


柊

柊 (canonical)
Hīragi (romanization)
Fifiragi (romanization)
ひひらぎ (hiragana historical)


柊

ja-pos

柊(しゅう) • (Shū)

/t͡ɕɨu/ → /ɕʲuː/ → /ɕuː/
From Middle Chinese 柊 (MC tsyuwng).


柏

Torreya nucifera
Torreya nucifera#Translingual

(rare) Japanese nutmeg yew, kaya, Torreya nucifera


柏

柏 (canonical)
柏 (canonical)
kashiwa (romanization)


柏

Kashiwa (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


柚

From Middle Chinese 柚 (MC yuwH). The goon pronunciation, so likely an earlier borrowing.
Found in the Wamyō Ruijushō:
:柚 爾雅集注云柚（音由又以臰反）一名樤（音條和名由）...
where 由 is the man'yōgana form of ゆ.

lang

柚　爾雅集注云柚（音由又以臰反）一名樤（音條和名由）...

柚 爾雅集注云柚（音由又以臰反）一名樤（音條和名由）...


柚

柚 (canonical)
yū (romanization)
iu (romanization)
いう (hiragana historical)

/iu/ → /juː/
Probably from Middle Chinese 柚 (MC yuwH). The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.
Found in the Wakan Sansai Zue.


柾

柾 (canonical)
柾 (canonical)
masaki (romanization)


柿

柿 (canonical)
柿 (canonical)
kaki (romanization)

→ Arabic: كَاكِي (kākī)

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: caqui, cáqui, caquí (1931 spelling)
Hunsrik: Kacki

→ Catalan: caqui

→ English: kaki

→ German: Kaki

→ Indonesian: kaki

→ Italian: cachi

Early Modern Japanese
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

From Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 770 CE.
Further derivation uncertain. Possibilities include:
: /kakayaki/ → */kakyaki/ → */kakaki/ → */kakki/ → /kaki/
:* From 輝き (kakayaki), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of Early Modern Japanese verb 輝く (kakayaku, “to shine dazzingly”, obsolete), modern kagayaku.
: /kataki/ → /kaki/
:* From 硬き (kataki), the classical 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of modern 硬い (katai, “hard (not soft)”), from the hardness of the unripened fruit.
: /akaki/ → /kaki/
:* From 赤き (akaki), the classical 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of modern 赤い (akai, “red”), from the color of the ripened fruit.
:* From 赤黄 (akaki, “red-yellow”), from the color of the ripened fruit.
:* From 赤木 (akaki, “red tree”), from the color of the foliage in autumn.
While at least one reference considers the akaki derivation more likely, this kind of phonological shift, wherein the first vowel disappears, is not a common pattern in attested Japanese. That said, the kakayaki and kataki derivations are also problematic, considering the lack of any evidence for intermediary forms.

align

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Short for 柿色 (kakiiro). a yellowish-red color, like the fruit of the Japanese persimmon


栂

栂 (canonical)
栂 (canonical)
tsuga (romanization)

⟨tuɡa⟩ → /t͡suɡa/
From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.
Appears to be an alternative phonetic realization of toga below.

southern Japanese hemlock, Tsuga sieboldii


栂

⟨to₁ɡa⟩ → /toɡa/
: Alternative reconstruction:
⟨to₁ɡa⟩ → */twoɡa/ → /toɡa/
From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.
Appears to be an alternative phonetic realization of tsuga above.


栗

栗 (canonical)
栗 (canonical)
kuri (romanization)


桂

桂江: a river in the Chūgoku region of Japan

a branch from the legendary tree that grows on the moon

桂樹: common name for various trees in family Lauraceae

Synonym of 浜枇杷

a type of tree in the genus Litsea, related to the laurel

a type of mochi confection coated in cinnamon powder

common name for various other trees in family Lauraceae


桃

桃 (canonical)
桃 (canonical)
momo (romanization)

desc

>? Ainu: モマ (moma, “Japanese peach, Japanese apricot”)

Heian period
Nara period
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki
Yayoi period

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *momo. Mentioned in the Nihon Shoki of 720.
Brought to Japan in antiquity, with pits found in prehistoric sites from the Yayoi period, 300 BCE - 300 CE. Mentioned as a food in documents from the Nara and Heian periods.
Ultimate derivation unknown. Theories include the following.
* Possibly derived originally from a reduplication of 実 (Old Japanese mu, modern Japanese mi, “fruit”), from the way that peaches often grow in clusters. However, the vowel shift seems unlikely given regular Japanese phonetic shifts. In addition, most reduplicated terms in Japanese have the 頭高型 (atamadaka-gata) pitch accent pattern, starting high and falling, which differs from the 平板型 (heiban-gata) pitch accent pattern of this term.
* Possibly cognate with Old Japanese 百 (momo, “hundred; lots”). However, this also has the 頭高型 (atamadaka-gata) pitch accent pattern.
* Possibly a reduplication of 毛 (mo, “hair”), from the way that peaches are hairy. The term is spelled as 毛毛 in some ancient documents. However, 毛 was commonly used as man'yōgana for its phonetic value, in which cases its original Chinese meaning of hair is usually ignored.
None of the above possibilities seems very compelling. Given the archaeological evidence, this term probably originated before the Japanese ancestor population migrated to the Japanese archipelago.
Possibly related to 梅 (ancient mume, modern ume, “Japanese apricot, Japanese plum”).

桃尻: → from the way that the end of a peach is often pointy

and thus difficult to place stably: somebody who is bad at horse-riding

桃割れ: → a hairstyle of Meiji and Taisho era

featuring a bun resembling a halved peach

桃栗三年柿八年: “peach and chestnut take three years [to bear fruit]

persimmons take eight” → it often takes time to bear the fruit of one's actions


桐

桐 (canonical)
桐 (canonical)
kiri (romanization)

From Old Japanese. The tree may have been imported from China prior to the Nara period.
The term might be from 切り (kiri, “cutting”), from the way that the tree is quick to send out shoots after being cut.
Some sources also speculate that this might be from some term 木理 (*kiri, “wood grain”) in reference to the desirable grain of this wood. However, 木理 is only attested with the reading mokuri, not kiri; also, the term is not attested until the 1830s, before which the Japanese terms for wood grain were 木目 (mokume, from the mid-1500s) or 木目 (kime, from the 1200s).

from the wood of the paulownia used as the soundboard

from the markings of paulownia crests on the coins

(colloquial) money, especially gold coins such as the 大判 (ōban) and the 小判 (koban)


桜

桜 (canonical)
ō (romanization)
au (romanization)
あう (hiragana historical)

/au/ → /ɔː/ → /oː/
From Middle Chinese 櫻 (MC 'eang).

サクラメント サクラメント#Japanese

(US) Short for サクラメント／桜府 (Sakuramento, “Sacramento (a city in California, United States)”).


梅

梅 (canonical)
梅 (canonical)
ume (romanization)

English: ume

Daijisen
Heian period
Kyūjitai
Shinjitai
Tōkyō
ja:松村明
Ōsaka

⟨me₂⟩ → */mːəɨ/ → *⟨mume₂⟩ → ⟨ume₂⟩ → */uməɨ/ → /ume/
From Old Japanese.
Probably ultimately from Middle Chinese 梅 (MC mwoj), with the borrowed me reading gaining a pronounced kind of initial m- sound, perhaps realized as *mme. The phonetic spelling was often rendered as むめ (*mme, mume) from the Heian period, with *mme/mume and ume apparently existing in free variation. The reading eventually settled on うめ (ume). Compare the similar pattern of phonetic shift for 馬 (ma → *mma → muma → uma, “horse”), likely from Middle Chinese 馬 (MC maeX).


梅

→ Translingual: mume

Heian period
Kyūjitai
Shinjitai
Tōkyō
Ōsaka

⟨me₂⟩ → */mːəɨ/ → *⟨mume₂⟩ → /mume/
Possibly from Old Japanese.
This reading becomes common during the Heian period, later falling into disuse.
Superseded by the ume reading above.

(archaic, obsolete) the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume


梅

From a later borrowing of Middle Chinese 梅 (MC mwoj).

(usually in Chinese contexts) the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume


梅

Short for 梅雨 (baiu): East Asian rainy season


梓

ja-noun

梓(あずさ) or 梓(アズサ) • (azusa) ^(←あづさ (adusa) or アヅサ (adusa)?)

梓 (canonical)
梓 (canonical)
azusa (romanization)
adusa (romanization)
あづさ (hiragana historical)
アヅサ (hiragana historical)

/adusa/ → /ad͡zusa/ → /azusa/
From Old Japanese.

Japanese cherry birch
Japanese cherry birch

Betula grossa
Betula grossa#Translingual

Synonym of 夜糞峰榛 (yoguso minebari): the Japanese cherry birch, Betula grossa

夜糞峰榛

Short for 梓弓 (azusa yumi): a bow made from the wood of the Japanese cherry birch; a small musical bow used to summon spirits

梓弓

Short for 梓巫女 (azusa miko): a 巫女 (miko, “unmarried female medium”) who summons spirits by sounding the string of an azusa yumi (short musical bow)


梓

梓 (canonical)
Azusa (romanization)
Adusa (romanization)
あづさ (hiragana historical)


梛

梛 (canonical)
梛 (canonical)
nagi (romanization)


梣

梣 (canonical)
梣 (canonical)
toneriko (romanization)

Corruption of 戸(と)に塗(ぬ)る木(き) (to-ni-nuru-ki).


梨

Fourth grade kyōiku kanji (romanization)


梨

梨 (canonical)
梨 (canonical)
nashi (romanization)

Pyrus pyrifolia
Yamanashi prefecture
ja:ナシ

From Old Japanese, attested already in the Man'yōshū. Further derivation unclear.

梨子地, 梨地

nashiji, a lacquer technique using gold or silver powder or flakes

Pyrus pyrifolia
Pyrus pyrifolia#Translingual

more specifically, a Japanese pear or Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)


梨

From Middle Chinese 梨 (MC lij). Compare modern Mandarin 梨 (lí).

梨園

the theatrical world, the world of the theater


棈

棈 (canonical)
棈 (canonical)
abemaki (romanization)


棗

棗 (canonical)
棗 (canonical)
natsume (romanization)

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 夏 (natsu, “summer”) + 芽 (me, “bud, sprout”).

compound

a small tea caddy used in the tea ceremony


椎

椎 (canonical)
椎 (canonical)
shī (romanization)
sifi (romanization)
しひ (hiragana historical)

chinquapin, a tree of the genus Castanopsis


椹

ja-noun

椹(さわら) or 椹(サワラ) • (sawara) ^(←さはら (safara)?)

椹 (canonical)
椹 (canonical)
sawara (romanization)
safara (romanization)
さはら (hiragana historical)


椿

⟨tubaki₁⟩ → */tubakʲi/ → /t͡subaki/
From Old Japanese.


楓

Liquidambar formosana
Liquidambar formosana#Translingual

Liquidambar formosana, Chinese sweetgum tree, Formosan sweetgum tree


楓

楓(かえで) or 楓(カエデ) • (kaede) ^(←かへで (kafede)?)

楓 (canonical)
楓 (canonical)
kaede (romanization)
kafede (romanization)
かへで (hiragana historical)

Daijirin
Edo Castle
Man'yōshū
Maple
ja:カエデ

/kaperu te/ → /kaperude/ → /kaferude/ → /kafede/ → /kaede/
From Old Japanese かへるて, as this word first appears in the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.
Originally a compound of 蛙 (kaeru, “frog”) + 手 (te, “hand”), with the te changing to de due to rendaku (連濁), and the ru dropping out over time. From the way the palmate leaves resemble a frog's foot.

楓棚

a type of shelf in a tokonoma or study, with four legs and eight shelves

a type of estrildid finch common in Africa and introduced to Japan in the 1960s

楓の間

the Maple Room, one of the shogun sitting room in Edo Castle

楓紅葉: maple leaves that have turned red in autumn

a style of layered clothing with light yellow-green on the outside and yellow


楓

楓 (canonical)
楓 (canonical)
fū (romanization)

Liquidambar formosana
New Book of Tang
ja:フウ

楓蚕: alternative for 天蚕蛾

Japanese silkworm moth, Antheraea yamamai

楓葉

maple leaves that have turned red in autumn

楓呉江に落つ: → being disappointed in the reality of something after having lofty ideas about it

a story in the New Book of Tang about an inspiring poem from an otherwise uninspiring poet

and the kumquat flowers open” → a metaphor for the turning of the seasons

the Formosan sweetgum tree, Liquidambar formosana

in certain kanji compounds, the maple tree


楢

楢 (canonical)
楢 (canonical)
nara (romanization)


楸

楸 (canonical)
楸 (canonical)
kisasage (romanization)


榊

The initial saka is cognate with verb 栄える (sakaeru, “to prosper, thrive”), while the final ki is definitely 木 (ki, “tree”).


榛

(archaic) Old name for Japanese alder (Alnus japonica)


榧

榧 (canonical)
榧 (canonical)
kaya (romanization)


槐

槐 (canonical)
槐 (canonical)
enju (romanization)

Styphnolobium japonicum
Styphnolobium japonicum#Translingual


樅

樅 (canonical)
樅 (canonical)
momi (romanization)


樫

樫 (canonical)
樫 (canonical)
kashi (romanization)

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.
Probably related to Old Japanese かたし (katasi), modern 堅(かた)い (katai, “firm; resolute”), ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kata (“hard”).
Korean 가시나무 (gasinamu), which is a near-perfect match phonologically and semantically, is probably an ancient loan from a Japonic language.


樺

樺 (canonical)
樺 (canonical)
kaba (romanization)

Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Wamyō Ruijushō
ja:カバノキ属

A shift from kaniwa below.
First appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.


樺

樺 (canonical)
樺 (canonical)
kanba (romanization)


樺

樺 (canonical)
kaniwa (romanization)
kanifa (romanization)
かには (hiragana historical)

John Batchelor (missionary)
Kōjien
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Sakhalin Ainu language
Shinmura Izuru
Wamyō Ruijushō

⟨kanipa⟩ → /kaniɸa/ → /kaniwa/
From Old Japanese 樺 (kanipa, “sakura, sakura bark”), from Ainu カリンパ (karinpa, “sakura, sakura bark”).
Found in the Man'yōshū (book 6), completed some time after 759 CE, in sense 1. Sense 2 appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.
Compare Sakhalin Ainu カリムバニ (karimba-ni, “cherry tree; Prunus pseudocerasus”) and カリムバタツ (karimba-tat, “Betula Maximowicziana”).

der

(obsolete) Japanese bird cherry (Prunus grayana) or its bark


橘

橘 (canonical)
橘 (canonical)
tachibana (romanization)

Emperor Suinin
Kojiki
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki
Tajimamori
ja:垂仁天皇
ja:田道間守

From Old Japanese 橘 (tatibana). First cited in the Kojiki of 712.
According to the Nihon Shoki in a section describing the 90th year of the reign of the legendary 垂仁天皇 (Suinin Tennō, “Emperor Suinin”, traditionally regarded as living from 69 BCE – 70 CE and reigning from 29 BCE – 70 CE), a legendary figure named 田道間守 (Tajimamori) was tasked with bringing back from the heavens a 非時香菓 (tokijiku no kagu no konomi, literally, “timeless fragrant tree-fruit”; the same incident is also included in the Kojiki). This is often interpreted to be a reference to tachibana, but the text itself is not specific.
A surface analysis suggests that this is a compound of 立ち (tachi, “standing”, from verb 立つ (tatsu, “to stand”)) + 花 (hana, “flower”).
Shortened to tachi for some compounds.

compound

from verb <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">立つ</i> (tatsu, “to stand”)

江南の橘江北の枳となる

Kōnan no tachibana Kōhoku no karatachi to naru

Citrus tachibana, a species of wild, green, inedible citrus fruit native to Japan

Synonym of 唐橘 (kara-tachibana): the trifoliate orange, Citrus trifoliata, syn. Poncirus trifoliata

唐橘

(archaic) generic name for citrus fruits that can be eaten raw


橘

源平藤橘

Genpeitōkitsu, the four major clans in the Nara period: Minamoto, Taira, Fujiwara and Tachibana

源平藤橘 げんぺいとうきつ


橙

橙 (canonical)
橙 (canonical)
daidai (romanization)

Thought to be derived from 代代 (daidai, “many generations”), from the way bitter orange fruits never fall down, even in winter, until picked.

Citrus × aurantium
Citrus × aurantium#Translingual


檜

檜 (canonical)
檜 (canonical)
hinoki (romanization)

→ English: hinoki

⇒ English: hinokitiol

Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

Originally a compound of 檜 (hi, “Japanese cypress”, see below) + の (no, attributive particle) + 木 (ki, “tree”).
The wood and bark was commonly used as tinder, and the term was previously thought to be from 火 (hi, “fire”) + の (no, attributive particle) + 木 (ki, “tree”). However, later research into ancient kana usage in Old Japanese revealed that 檜 had a reading of ⟨pi₁⟩, while 火 was read as ⟨pi₂⟩, ruling out this derivation.

com

Chamaecyparis obtusa
Chamaecyparis obtusa#Translingual


檜

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kojiki
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

⟨pi₁⟩ → */pʲi/ → /ɸi/ → /hi/
From Old Japanese 檜 (pi₁).
First appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE.

(archaic, or in compounds) Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)


漆

⇒ English: urushiol

Appears to be derived from Old Japanese root uru, as in terms such as classical Japanese 潤う (urufu) → modern 潤う (uruou, “to be moist”), うるうる (uruuru, “wetly, moistly”, adverb). Probably from the way that a lacquered surface glistens as if wet.

lacquer tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum)


綿

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *wata. Cognate with Okinawan 綿 (wata).
Originally referred to any batting or stuffing, which was generally unspun silk. The meaning shifted after the spread of cotton in the Muromachi period.

綿のように疲れた

to be as tired as cotton → to be exhausted

(figurative) the state of being exhausted or extremely tired (likely from the hard work required to pick cotton)


茶

→ Ainu: チャ (ca)

→ Nivkh: ча (ț’a)

→ Yonaguni: サー (sa:)

From various lects of Middle Chinese 茶 (MC drae). Compare Mandarin 茶 (chá), Hakka 茶 (chhà), Cantonese 茶 (caa⁴). Doublet of チャイ (chai).

a game of drinking varieties of tea and guessing them correctly

Camellia sinensis
Camellia sinensis#Translingual

Synonym of 茶の木 (cha no ki, “tea plant, Camellia sinensis”)


菱

菱 (canonical)
菱 (canonical)
hishi (romanization)


萩

萩 (canonical)
萩 (canonical)
hagi (romanization)

bush clover, general term for plants of genus Lespedeza. Culturally important as one of the seven flowers of autumn.


葛

葛 (canonical)
葛 (canonical)
kuzu (romanization)

→ English: kudzu

Pueraria montana
Pueraria montana#Translingual


葵

葵 (canonical)
aoi (romanization)
afufi (romanization)
あふひ (hiragana historical)

Likely related to Japanese 青い (aoi, “blue, green”).

アオイ: Any plant in the Malvaceae family: mallow

One of the colour schemes used in Japanese traditional garment, with the outer layer in light blue color and the inner layer in light purple color; it is used in the fourth month of the lunar calendar.


蓍

(archaic) Short for 蓍萩 (medohagi, “Lespedeza juncea”).

(archaic) Short for 蓍 (medoki, “divination sticks”).


蓍

蓍 (canonical)
蓍 (canonical)
medoki (romanization)
medogi (romanization)

divination sticks, initially made of lespedeza stalks, used for hexagram divination


蓮

Nelumbo nucifera
Nelumbo nucifera#Translingual


蓮

Daijirin
Kyūjitai
Nelumbo nucifera
Shinjitai
Tōkyō
ja:ハス

Originally a compound of 蜂 (hachi, “bee”) + 巣 (su, “nest, hive”), literally “beehive, honeycomb”, from the way the lotus seed resembles a honeycomb.

older name for hasu below: a lotus plant or flower, Nelumbo nucifera

Hibiscus syriacus
Hibiscus syriacus#Translingual

alternate name for 木槿 (mukuge), Hibiscus syriacus: the rose of Sharon, rose mallow, or St. Joseph's rod


蓮

/hat͡ɕisu/ → */hassu/ → /hasu/
Appears to be a contraction of hachisu above.


蓮

From Middle Chinese 蓮 /莲 (len, “lotus fruit”). Compare modern Mandarin reading lián.


藤

ja-noun

藤(ふじ) or 藤(フジ) • (fuji) ^(←ふぢ (fudi) or フヂ (fudi)?)

藤 (canonical)
藤 (canonical)
fuji (romanization)
fudi (romanization)
ふぢ (hiragana historical)
フヂ (hiragana historical)

⟨pudi⟩ → */puⁿdi/ → /ɸud͡ʑi/ → /ɸuʑi/
From Old Japanese 藤 (pudi), from Proto-Japonic *punti.

Short for 藤色 (fujiiro): a light lavender color, akin to wisteria flowers


藤

藤 (canonical)
Fuji (romanization)
Fudi (romanization)
ふぢ (hiragana historical)


藤

ja-pos

藤(とう) • (tō)


藤

Possibly from 桂 (katsura, “katsura tree, Cercidiphyllum japonicum”).


蘭

kanji used to transliterate borrowings from foreign languages, especially Buddhist terms from Sanskrit

Short for 阿蘭陀, 和蘭, 和蘭陀 (Oranda): Holland, the Netherlands


蘭

From Middle Chinese 蘭 (MC lan).
Compare modern Mandarin 蘭 /兰 (lán).

Short for 阿蘭陀, 和蘭, 和蘭陀 (Oranda): Holland, the Netherlands, Dutch


蘭

蘭 (canonical)
蘭 (canonical)
araragi (romanization)

[a̠ɾa̠ɾa̠ɡʲi]

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).
Any further derivation is unclear. Speculative possibilities include:
* The initial ara- may be cognate with 荒い (arai, “rough; wild”). The final -ragi is unknown, however.
* Alternatively, the initial arara- may be cognate with 荒らか (araraka, “rough; wild”). The final -gi may be cognate with 木 (ki, “tree”), perhaps in reference to the way the plant's stalk rises straight and tall.

Taxus cuspidata
Taxus cuspidata#Translingual

Synonym of 一位 (ichii): Taxus cuspidata, the Japanese yew


要

/kani no me/ → /kanome/ → /kaname/
A shift from older 蟹の目 (kani no me, “crab's eye”) from a superficial resemblance of the round pinhead of a folding fan to a crab's eye, influenced by a reanalysis of the term as 金目 (kaname, literally “metal” + visually prominent feature), as the pins were increasingly made from metal instead of earlier bamboo, wood, or whalebone.
First cited to 1220.

Short for 要黐 (kaname mochi): a tree, Japanese photinia (Photinia glabra)

要黐

(architecture) in a certain kind of traditional Japanese hip roof where the rafters splay out like the spines of a fan, the central point to which the rafter lines converge


柑橘

ja-noun

柑(かん)橘(きつ) • (kankitsu) ^(←かんきつ (kankitu)?)

柑橘 (canonical)
kankitsu (romanization)
kankitu (romanization)
かんきつ (hiragana historical)

[kã̠ŋʲkʲit͡sɨ]


桂花

桂花 (canonical)
keika (romanization)
keikwa (romanization)
けいくわ (hiragana historical)

*/kweːkwa/ → /keːkwa/ → /keːka/
From Middle Chinese compound 桂花 (kueiᴴ xwæ, literally “cassia; osmanthus + flower”). Compare modern Min Nan reading kùi-hoe.

桂花茶

sweet osmanthus tea, a tea flavored with sweet osmanthus blossoms

桂花醤

sweet osmanthus sauce, a sweet sauce flavored with sweet osmanthus blossoms

桂花陳酒

桂花陳酒 けいかちんしゅ

sweet osmanthus wine, an aged white wine flavored with sweet osmanthus blossoms


柚子

yuzu or Japanese citron, a citrus fruit similar to a grapefruit, Citrus junos


人参

人(にん)参(じん) or 人参(ニンジン) • (ninjin) (counter 本)

人参 (canonical)
人参 (canonical)
ninjin (romanization)
本 (counter)

[ɲ̟ĩɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]

From Chinese 人參 /人参 (rénshēn, “ginseng”).

高麗人参

高麗人参 コウライニンジン

竹節人参

竹節人参 チクセツニンジン

朝鮮人参

朝鮮人参 チョウセンニンジン

釣鐘人参

釣鐘人参 ツリガネニンジン

松葉人参

松葉人参 マツバニンジン

Daucus carota ssp. sativus
Wikispecies:Daucus carota ssp. sativus


林檎

林檎 (canonical)
林檎 (canonical)
ringo (romanization)

→ Ainu: リンゴ

→ Hakka: 林檎 (lin-ngò)

→ Marshallese: diin̄ko

→ Min Nan: 林檎 (lìn-gò)

/rimʉɡomʉ/ → /riŋɡõː/ → /riŋɡo/
From Middle Chinese 林檎 (MC lim gim).
Originally referred to the Chinese pearleaf crabapple (Malus asiatica) imported from China, it has expanded to mean any apple of the Malus genus.
First cited in 918 in the 本草和名 (Honzō Wamyō, “Japanese names for medicinal plants”).

よく林檎の審査通ったなこれ。

I can't believe this has passed Apple's censorship.

(slang) the company Apple Inc. or its products


蜜柑

Probably from Middle Chinese 蜜柑 (MC mjit kam, literally “honey + citrus”). Compare modern Mandarin reading mìgān.
Obsolete reading.

ltc-l

Citrus unshiu
Citrus unshiu#Translingual

(obsolete) a satsuma tree, a mikan tree: a particular variety of mandarin orange, Citrus unshiu (fruit)

(obsolete) a satsuma (fruit), a mikan: a particular variety of mandarin orange, Citrus unshiu (fruit)


蜜柑

蜜柑 (canonical)
蜜柑 (canonical)
mikan (romanization)

→ Jeju: 미깡 (mikkang)

/mikkan/ → /mikan/
Shift in pronunciation from mikkan above. This change occurred sometime after the 1603 publication of the Japanese-Portuguese Nippo Jisho, which still lists the reading as mikkan.


アボカド

From English avocado, from Spanish aguacate.


朝顔

朝顔 (canonical)
朝顔 (canonical)
asagao (romanization)

Min Nan: a-sá-gá-o͘h

Lit. morning face, 朝(あさ) (asa, “morning”) + 顔(がお) (gao, “face”)

ja-compound

Japanese morning glory
Japanese morning glory


茉莉花

ja-noun

茉(まつ)莉(り)花(か) or 茉莉花(マツリカ) • (matsurika)

茉莉花 (canonical)
茉莉花 (canonical)
matsurika (romanization)

茉莉(まつり) (matsuri, “jasmine”) + 花(か) (ka, “flower”)

ja-compound

Jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac#Translingual


オクラ

オクラ (canonical)
おくら (canonical)
okura (romanization)

Borrowed from English okra. Sometimes mistaken as a native word.

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus#Translingual

okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), used as vegetable


石榴

石榴 (canonical)
石榴 (canonical)
zakuro (romanization)

Iran
Pomegranate
Zagros Mountains
ja:古今和歌六帖
ja:石榴

From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Compare modern Wu reading zaq lieu, Hakka sa̍k-liù.
The zakuro reading is irregular. This may represent a shift in pronunciation from an older borrowing: compare the expected goon reading jakuru. Alternatively, this reading may reflect an ancient sound borrowing, indicating the Zagros Mountains of modern-day Iran, where the pomegranate was originally cultivated.
The spelling 柘榴 is attested in 747 CE. The zakuro reading is attested to at least the late 900s in the 古今和歌六帖 (Kokin Waka Rokujō, “Six Volumes of Waka Poetry of Ancient and Modern Times”).

ltc-l

石榴口

a low door used in bathhouses during the Edo period

石榴鼻

a red swollen nose, often seen on alcoholics


石榴

[d͡ʑa̠kɯ̟ɾo̞]

From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Uses the regular goon reading of jaku for the first character, and the irregular ro reading for the second character instead of the expected goon reading of ru.
The jakuro reading is attested from the mid-1400s. While rare and missing from some dictionaries, this reading is attested more recently in a text from the 1960s.


石榴

ja-noun

石(せき)榴(りゅう) • (sekiryū) ^(←せきりう (sekiriu)?)

石榴 (canonical)
sekiryū (romanization)
sekiriu (romanization)
せきりう (hiragana historical)

[se̞kʲiɾʲɨː]

/sekiriu/ → /sekirjuː/
From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Uses the regular kanon reading of both characters.
The sekiriu reading is attested from the mid-1400s.

石榴子: garnet

gemstone; less common reading than zakuro-ishi above

石榴皮

dried pomegranate, both seed and skin, used as a treatment for tapeworm


バジル

Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum basilicum#Translingual


花薄荷

花(はな)薄(はっ)荷(か) or 花薄荷(ハナハッカ) • (hanahakka)

花薄荷 (canonical)
花薄荷 (canonical)
hanahakka (romanization)

From 花 (hana, “flower”) + 薄荷 (hakka, “mint”).


アニス

Pimpinella anisum
Pimpinella anisum#Translingual


クローバー

クローバー • (kurōbā)

[kɯ̟ɾo̞ːba̠ː]

Clover
Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:シャジクソウ属

Borrowed from English clover.
First attested in Japanese in a text from 1907.


キーウィ

キーウィ • (kīwi)

ja:キーウィ
ja:キーウィ (鳥)


マンゴー

マンゴー • (mangō)

Borrowed from English mango, from Portuguese manga, from Malay mangga, from Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy) from மா (mā, “mango species”) + காய் (kāy, “unripe fruit”).
The kanji form 芒果 is phonetic ateji from Chinese 芒果 (mángguǒ).

der

Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy)


楊梅

Morella rubra
Morella rubra#Translingual

Myrica rubra (⇒ Morella rubra); yangmei, Japanese bayberry; Chinese bayberry


鳳仙花

ja-noun

鳳(ほう)仙(せん)花(か) or 鳳仙花(ホウセンカ) • (hōsenka)

鳳仙花 (canonical)
鳳仙花 (canonical)
hōsenka (romanization)

Impatiens balsamina
Impatiens balsamina#Translingual

Impatiens balsamina; balsam flower, jewelweed, the touch-me-not


枇杷

枇(び)杷(わ) or 枇杷(ビワ) • (biwa) ^(←びは (bifa)?)

枇杷 (canonical)
枇杷 (canonical)
biwa (romanization)
bifa (romanization)
びは (hiragana historical)

Eriobotrya japonica
Eriobotrya japonica#Translingual


苜蓿

[mo̞kɯ̟ɕɨkɯ̟]


木犀

木犀 (canonical)
木犀 (canonical)
mokusei (romanization)

Osmanthus fragrans
Osmanthus fragrans#Translingual

Osmanthus fragrans, variously called the sweet osmanthus, sweet olive, tea olive, or fragrant olive: an evergreen shrub or small tree of the Oleaceae family, native to Asia

金木犀

orange-bloom variety of the fragrant olive

銀木犀

white-blooming variety of the fragrant olive

桂花: the orange-blooming variety of Osmanthus fragrans

the flower of the orange-blooming variety


益母草

益(やく)母(も)草(そう) or 益母草(ヤクモソウ) • (yakumosō)

益母草 (canonical)
益母草 (canonical)
yakumosō (romanization)

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried Leonurus japonicus used in medicine


地黄

Rehmannia glutinosa
Rehmannia glutinosa#Translingual

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried rhizomes of Rehmannia glutinosa used in medicine

Short for 地黄丸 (jiōgan, “a fortifying tonic made with Rehmannia glutinosa”).

地黄丸

Short for 地黄煎 (jiōsen, “decoction of Rehmannia glutinosa rhizomes”).


烏木

Synonym of 黒檀 (kokutan, “ebony, trees of the genus Diospyros”)


金柑

金柑 (canonical)
金柑 (canonical)
kinkan (romanization)


茴香

茴(うい)香(きょう) or 茴香(ウイキョウ) • (uikyō) ^(←ういきやう (uikyau)?)

茴香 (canonical)
茴香 (canonical)
uikyō (romanization)
uikyau (romanization)
ういきやう (hiragana historical)

八角茴香

八角茴香 はっかくういきょう


橄欖

橄欖 (canonical)
橄欖 (canonical)
kanran (romanization)

ja:カンラン (カンラン科)


小豆

小豆(あずき) or 小豆(アズキ) • (azuki) ^(←あづき (aduki) or アヅキ (aduki)?)

小豆 (canonical)
小豆 (canonical)
azuki (romanization)
aduki (romanization)
あづき (hiragana historical)
アヅキ (hiragana historical)

→ English: adzuki, azuki

→ Indonesian: azuki

⟨aduki₁⟩ → /adukʲi/ → /ad͡ʑuki/ → /aʑuki/
From Old Japanese. Further derivation unknown.
The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun. The characters literally mean “small bean”.
Appears to be identical to Ainu antuki (“azuki bean”), which may be a borrowing. However, the direction of borrowing is uncertain.

Vigna angularis
Vigna angularis#Translingual


小豆

小豆 (canonical)
Azuki (romanization)
Aduki (romanization)
あづき (hiragana historical)


小豆

小豆 (canonical)
shōzu (romanization)
seudu (romanization)
せうづ (hiragana historical)


薄荷

薄(はっ)荷(か) or 薄荷(ハッカ) • (hakka) ^(←はくか (fakuka) or ハクカ (fakuka)?)

薄荷 (canonical)
薄荷 (canonical)
hakka (romanization)
fakuka (romanization)
はくか (hiragana historical)
ハクカ (hiragana historical)

Short for 日本薄荷 (Nihon hakka, “Japanese mint”).


山梨

山梨 (canonical)
山梨 (canonical)
yamanashi (romanization)

Daijirin
Pyrus pyrifolia
Yamanashi
ja:ヤマナシ
ja:山梨

Compound of 山 (yama, “mountain”) + 梨 (nashi, “pear”).

compound

Pyrus pyrifolia
Pyrus pyrifolia#Translingual

Pyrus pyrifolia, especially P. p. var. pyrifolia: nashi pear, sand pear, Asian pear, apple pear


馬酔木

ja-noun

馬酔木(あせび) or 馬酔木(アセビ) • (asebi)

馬酔木 (canonical)
ashibi (romanization)
馬酔木 (canonical)
ashimi (romanization)
馬酔木 (canonical)
asemi (romanization)
馬酔木 (canonical)
asemo (romanization)
馬酔木 (canonical)
asebo (romanization)
馬酔木 (canonical)
asebu (romanization)
馬酔木 (canonical)
馬酔木 (canonical)
asebi (romanization)

The original kun'yomi pronunciation of this word was ashibi, now considered a variant reading.
The leaves of the plant were known to intoxicate horses when eaten, causing horses to stumble and become weak in the legs. As such, this word is most likely a contraction of 足癈 (ashijihi, “numbness in the feet/legs”).
The kanji means literally "horse intoxicating tree".

Pieris japonica
Pieris japonica#Translingual

Pieris japonica: Japanese andromeda, a flowering shrub native to Japan


馬酔木

馬酔木 (canonical)
basuiboku (romanization)


槐樹

Styphnolobium japonicum
Styphnolobium japonicum#Translingual


万作

万作 (canonical)
万作 (canonical)
mansaku (romanization)

witch hazel; Hamamelis mollis; Hamamelis japonica


梧桐

梧桐 (canonical)
梧桐 (canonical)
aogiri (romanization)

[a̠o̞ɡʲiɾʲi]


梧桐

梧桐 (canonical)
梧桐 (canonical)
gotō (romanization)


満作

満作 (canonical)
満作 (canonical)
mansaku (romanization)


木瓜

木瓜 (canonical)
木瓜 (canonical)
boke (romanization)
もけ (alternative hiragana)
moke (Rōmaji)
ぼっか (alternative hiragana)
bokka (Rōmaji)
ぼくくわ (hiragana historical)


木瓜

木瓜 (canonical)
mokka (romanization)
mokukwa (romanization)
もくくわ (hiragana historical)

Pseudocydonia sinensis
Pseudocydonia sinensis#Translingual

(traditional Chinese medicine) fruit of Chaenomeles speciosa or Pseudocydonia sinensis


木瓜

木瓜 (canonical)
mokkō (romanization)
mokukau (romanization)
もこう (alternative hiragana)
mokō (Rōmaji)
もかう (hiragana historical)
もくかう (hiragana historical)


常山

常(じょう)山(ざん) or 常山(ジョウザン) • (jōzan) ^(←じゃうざん (zyauzan)?)

常山 (canonical)
常山 (canonical)
jōzan (romanization)
zyauzan (romanization)
じゃうざん (hiragana historical)

(traditional Chinese medicine) roots of Dichroa febrifuga


胡麻

胡麻 (canonical)
胡麻 (canonical)
goma (romanization)

Sesamum indicum
Sesamum indicum#Translingual

sesame (Sesamum indicum), both plant and seeds


紫檀

紫檀 (canonical)
紫檀 (canonical)
shitan (romanization)

rosewood, general term for red-hued hardwoods in genus Dalbergia


山茱萸

山茱萸 (canonical)
山茱萸 (canonical)
sanshuyu (romanization)


丹参

丹参 (canonical)
丹参 (canonical)
tanjin (romanization)


独活

独活 (canonical)
独活 (canonical)
udo (romanization)


独活

独(どっ)活(かつ) • (dokkatsu) ^(←どくくわつ (dokukwatu)?)

独活 (canonical)
dokkatsu (romanization)
dokukwatu (romanization)
どくくわつ (hiragana historical)

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried root of Japanese spikenard used in medicine


独活

独活 (canonical)
tsuchitara (romanization)


香薷

香薷 (canonical)
kōju (romanization)
kauzyu (romanization)
かうじゅ (hiragana historical)

薙刀香薷

薙刀香薷 なぎなたこうじゅ

Synonym of 薙刀香薷 (naginata kōju, “Vietnamese balm, Elsholtzia ciliata”)

薙刀香薷

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried Vietnamese balm flower stems


白芷

白芷 (canonical)
白芷 (canonical)
byakushi (romanization)

Angelica dahurica
Angelica dahurica#Translingual

(traditional Chinese medicine) root of Angelica dahurica used in traditional Chinese medicine


柴胡

白山柴胡

白山柴胡 はくさんさいこ


苦参

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried roots of Sophora flavescens


夏枯草

(archaic) Synonym of 靫草 (utsubogusa, “common self-heal, Prunella vulgaris subsp. asiatica”)


芫花

芫花 (canonical)
genka (romanization)
genkwa (romanization)
げんくわ (hiragana historical)

Daphne genkwa
Daphne genkwa#Translingual

Synonym of 藤擬き (fuji-medoki, “lilac daphne, Daphne genkwa”)


肉桂

肉(にっ)桂(けい) or 肉桂(ニッケイ) • (nikkei) ^(←にくけい (nikukei)?)

肉桂 (canonical)
肉桂 (canonical)
nikkei (romanization)
nikukei (romanization)
にくけい (hiragana historical)

cinnamon, a general term for trees of genus Cinnamomum


使君子

使(し)君(くん)子(し) or 使君子(シクンシ) • (shikunshi)

使君子 (canonical)
使君子 (canonical)
shikunshi (romanization)

Combretum indicum
Combretum indicum#Translingual

(traditional Chinese medicine) fruit of Combretum indicum used in medicine


芙蓉

芙(ふ)蓉(よう) or 芙蓉(フヨウ) • (fuyō) ^(←ふよう (fuyou)?)

芙蓉 (canonical)
芙蓉 (canonical)
fuyō (romanization)
fuyou (romanization)
ふよう (hiragana historical)

Hibiscus mutabilis
Hibiscus mutabilis#Translingual


胡桃

胡桃 (canonical)
胡桃 (canonical)
kurumi (romanization)


淫羊藿

淫羊藿 (canonical)
in'yōkaku (romanization)

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried stem and leaves of plants of genus Epimedium


茉莉

茉莉 (canonical)
茉莉 (canonical)
matsuri (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 茉莉 (MC mat lej), from Sanskrit मालती (mālatī) or मल्लिका (mallikā).

(more generally) any plant of the genus Jasminum


茉莉

茉莉 (canonical)
茉莉 (canonical)
Mari (romanization)

Borrowed from English Mary. The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).


茉莉

ja-pos

茉莉(まりい) or 茉莉(マリー) • (Marī)

茉莉 (canonical)
茉莉 (canonical)
Marī (romanization)

Borrowed from English Marie. The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).


茉莉

茉莉(じゃすみん) or 茉莉(ジャスミン) or 茉莉(じゃずみん) or 茉莉(ジャズミン) • (Jasumin or Jazumin)

茉莉 (canonical)
茉莉 (canonical)
茉莉 (canonical)
茉莉 (canonical)
Jasumin (romanization)
Jazumin (romanization)

[d͡ʑa̠sɨmʲĩɴ]

[d͡ʑa̠zɨmʲĩɴ]

Borrowed from English Jasmine. The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).


紫陽花

ja-noun

紫陽花(あじさい) or 紫陽花(アジサイ) • (ajisai) ^(←あぢさゐ (adisawi) or アヂサヰ (adisawi)?)

紫陽花 (canonical)
紫陽花 (canonical)
ajisai (romanization)
adisawi (romanization)
あぢさゐ (hiragana historical)
アヂサヰ (hiragana historical)

Hydrangea macrophylla
Man'yōshū
Tōkyō
Wamyō Ruijushō
ja:アジサイ
man'yōgana

/adisawi/ → /ad͡ʑisai/
From Old Japanese. Recorded in the Man'yōshū of c. 759 CE with the phonetic man'yōgana spellings 味狭藍 (adisawi) and 安治佐為 (adisawi), and in the Wamyō Ruijushō dictionary of 938 CE with the phonetic spelling 阿豆佐為 (adusawi, atusawi).
Ultimate derivation unknown. Some sources suggest that this comes from 集真藍 (adi sa-awi, literally “gathering + pure indigo”). However, this is problematic phonetically, as there is no evidence for any classical or ancient verb 集 (adu, modern azu) that would conjugate to adi (modern aji). The closest with this meaning would be 厚 (atsu), stem of the adjective 厚い (atsui, “thick; packed together”) and root of the classical verb 集む (atsumu, “to gather together”), modern 集める (atsumeru, transitive) and 集まる (atsumaru, intransitive), and this atu (modern atsu) never showed signs of voicing to adu (modern azu), let alone shifting the final vowel from -u to -i. This theory is also problematic semantically, as the hydrangea's color range never includes colors as dark as pure indigo.
Alternatively, the initial adi may be from 味 (ancient adi, modern aji; literally “flavor”), also used as an adjective referring to something good, preferable, or favorable. The sawi may be from -s- as an ancient possessive infix (see also 春雨 (harusame, “spring rain”), 真っ青 (massao, “pure blue, really blue”), 荒稲 (arashine, “unhulled rice”)) and awi from 藍 (ancient awi, modern ai; “indigo”, also used in some contexts to simply mean “blue”).
The spelling is borrowed from Chinese 紫陽花 /紫阳花 (zǐyánghuā), literally meaning “purple sun flower”, and is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

下野や籬にまじる紫陽花の四葩に見れば八重にこそ咲け

1310, Fuboku Wakashō (book 9, poem 3355)

The meadowsweet, when it looks on the four blooms of hydrangea which mingle with the rough-woven fence, it blooms in eightfold

shimotsuke ya magaki ni majiru ajisai no yohira ni mireba yae ni koso sake

bigleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla)


杏子

杏子 (canonical)
杏子 (canonical)
anzu (romanization)

→ Translingual: ansu

From a dialect of Chinese 杏子 (xìngzi), compare Cantonese 杏子 (hang⁶ zi²).

Prunus armeniaca
Prunus armeniaca#Translingual

an apricot, especially the Armenian plum, Prunus armeniaca


香豌豆

香(かおり)豌(えん)豆(どう) or 香豌豆(カオリエンドウ) • (kaoriendō)

香豌豆 (canonical)
香豌豆 (canonical)
kaoriendō (romanization)


豌豆

麝香豌豆

麝香豌豆 じゃこうえんどう


スイートピー

スイートピー • (suītopī)


紫蘇

紫蘇 (canonical)
紫蘇 (canonical)
shiso (romanization)

紫(し) (shi, “purple”) + 蘇(そ) (so, “perilla”)

ja-compound

荏胡麻

perilla, Perilla frutescens var. frutescens


香菜

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 香菜 (xiāngcài)


落花生

ja-noun

落(らっ)花(か)生(せい) or 落花生(ラッカセイ) • (rakkasei) ^(←らくくわせい (rakukwasei)?)

落花生 (canonical)
落花生 (canonical)
rakkasei (romanization)
rakukwasei (romanization)
らくくわせい (hiragana historical)


連翹

連(れん)翹(ぎょう) or 連翹(レンギョウ) • (rengyō)

連翹 (canonical)
連翹 (canonical)
rengyō (romanization)

連翹空木

連翹空木 れんぎょううつぎ

小連翹

小連翹 しょうれんぎょう

(traditional Chinese medicine) fruit of Forsythia suspensa


海棠

垂糸海棠

垂糸海棠 すいしかいどう

南京海棠

南京海棠 なんきんかいどう

Synonym of 花海棠 (hanakaidō, “flowering crab apple, Malus halliana”)

花海棠

(historical) Synonym of 実海棠 (mikaidō, “Kaido crab apple, Malus micromalus”)


月桂樹

月(げっ)桂(けい)樹(じゅ) or 月桂樹(ゲッケイジュ) • (gekkeiju)

月桂樹 (canonical)
月桂樹 (canonical)
gekkeiju (romanization)

Compound of 月桂(げっけい) (gekkei, “moon laurel”) + 樹(じゅ) (ju, “tree”)

ja-compound

Laurus nobilis
Laurus nobilis#Translingual


金魚草

ja-noun

金(きん)魚(ぎょ)草(そう) or 金魚草(キンギョソウ) • (kingyosō)

金魚草 (canonical)
金魚草 (canonical)
kingyosō (romanization)

[kʲĩŋʲɡʲo̞so̞ː]

From 金魚 (kingyo, “goldfish”) + 草 (sō, “grass”), supposedly from the fact that the flowers in its spike are shaped like goldfish.

com

Antirrhinum majus
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:キンギョソウ


青木

ja-pos

青(あお)木(き) or 青(おお)木(ぎ) • (Aoki or Ōgi) ^(←あをき (Awoki)?)

青木 (canonical)
Aoki (romanization)
Awoki (romanization)
あをき (hiragana historical)
青木 (canonical)
青木 (canonical)
Aoki (romanization)
Ōgi (romanization)
Awoki (romanization)
あをき (hiragana historical)

青(あお) (ao, “blue, green”) + 木(き) (ki, “tree”)


赤松

赤松 (canonical)
赤松 (canonical)
akamatsu (romanization)

Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora), also known as the Japanese umbrella pine or the tanyosho pine


若松

a small pine tree used for decoration at New Year's


まき

まき (canonical)
マキ (canonical)
maki (romanization)

Kojiki
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki

From Old Japanese, originally from 真(ま) (ma-, “great, excellent”, archaic use) + 木(き) (ki, “tree”), likely from how the trees were well-suited for use as timber.
First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE in sense 1 and in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE in sense 2.

ja-com

Synonym of 高野槇 (kōyamaki, “Japanese umbrella-pine (Sciadopitys verticillata)”) or 犬槇 (inumaki, “yew plum pine (Podocarpus macrophyllus)”)


躑躅

Ultimate derivation unknown. Various theories have been proposed, including:
* A shift from 続き咲き (tsuzuki saki, literally “continuously blooming”)
* Possibly related to Korean 철쭉 (cheoljjuk), as in 황철쭉 (hwangcheoljjuk, “Rhododendron japonicum”)
The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 躑躅 /踯躅 (zhízhú).


真弓

Compound of 真(ま) (ma-, “pure, genuine; beautiful”) + 弓(ゆみ) (yumi, “bow”).

ja-com

檀, 檀弓: bow made of the wood of Hamilton's spindletree

檀: One type of color layering in traditional Japanese costume, with 蘇芳 (suō, “deep red”) on the outside and yellow on the inside. It is used mostly in the autumn.


真弓

→ English: Mayumi

A neighborhood of Nagaoka, Niigata Prefecture.


桃李

桃李 (canonical)
tōri (romanization)
tauri (romanization)
たうり (hiragana historical)


月見草

月見草 (canonical)
tsukimisō (romanization)


金木犀

ja-noun

金(きん)木(もく)犀(せい) or 金木犀(キンモクセイ) • (kinmokusei)

金木犀 (canonical)
金木犀 (canonical)
kinmokusei (romanization)

[kʲĩmːo̞kɯ̟se̞ː]

Compound of 金(きん) (kin, “gold, golden”) + 木犀(もくせい) (mokusei, “sweet/fragrant osmanthus”).

ja-compound

the orange-blooming variety of the sweet olive or fragrant olive, Osmanthus fragrans.


銀木犀

ja-noun

銀(ぎん)木(もく)犀(せい) or 銀木犀(ギンモクセイ) • (ginmokusei)

銀木犀 (canonical)
銀木犀 (canonical)
ginmokusei (romanization)

Compound of 銀 (gin, “silver”) + 木犀 (mokusei, “sweet/fragrant osmanthus”).

compound

The white-blooming variety of the sweet olive or fragrant olive (Osmanthus fragrans)


朱雀

ja-pos

朱(しゅ)雀(じゃく) • (Shujaku) ^(←しゆじやく (Syuzyaku)?)

朱雀 (canonical)
Shujaku (romanization)
Syuzyaku (romanization)
しゆじやく (hiragana historical)

(Chinese astronomy) general term for the seven mansions of the south in Chinese astronomy


神木

Alternative spelling of 榊 (sakaki) as jukujikun (熟字訓), likely based on a partial decomposition of the 榊 character into its 神 and 木 components.


ピスタチオ

Borrowed from English pistachio, from Italian pistacchio

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:ピスタチオ


桜木

[sa̠kɯ̟ɾa̠ɡʲi]

Compound of 桜 (sakura, “cherry, cherry tree”) + 木 (ki, “tree”). The ki changes to gi as an instance of rendaku (連濁)..
The term 桜 (sakura) on its own is ambiguous, and could be used to mean either the tree or the blossom. The addition of 木 (ki, “tree”) makes this distinction clear.

compound

Prunus subg. Cerasus
Prunus subg. Cerasus#Translingual

a sakura tree, the Japanese flowering cherry, Prunus serrulata, a species of subgenus Prunus subg. Cerasus, native to Japan, Korea, and China


桜草

ja-noun

桜(さくら)草(そう) or 桜草(サクラソウ) • (sakurasō) ^(←さくらさう (sakurasau)?)

桜草 (canonical)
桜草 (canonical)
sakurasō (romanization)
sakurasau (romanization)
さくらさう (hiragana historical)

Compound of 桜(さくら) (sakura, “cherry blossom”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass”).

ja-compound

a primrose, specifically the Japanese primrose, Primula sieboldii


木綿

木綿 (canonical)
木綿 (canonical)
kiwata (romanization)

Compound of 木 (ki, “tree”) + 綿 (wata, “batting”).

Bombax ceiba, a species of silk-cotton tree


木綿

/mokumen/ → */momːen/ → /momen/
Alteration of mokumen, itself derived from Middle Chinese elements 木 (moku, “tree”) + 綿 (men, “cotton”).

Short for 木綿糸 (momen ito): cotton thread

Short for 木綿織り (momen-ori): an object woven from cotton


木綿

木綿 (canonical)
yuu (romanization)
yufu (romanization)
ゆふ (hiragana historical)

/jupu/ → /jufu/ → */juwu/ → /juː/
From Old Japanese.
Possibly from the verb 結う (yuu, “to tie up”), from the way such strings are used to tie sakaki branches in Shinto rituals. Compare the development of 夕 (yū, “evening”).
The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), likely from the similar texture and consistency of cotton.

string made from the fibres of a paper mulberry bark


梔子

梔子 (canonical)
梔子 (canonical)
kuchinashi (romanization)

Possibly an extension of 口無し (kuchinashi, literally “without a mouth”), from the absence of the fruit's cleaves even when ripe.
The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 梔子 /栀子 (zhīzi).

obor

Gardenia jasminoides
Gardenia jasminoides#Translingual


ブルーベリー

ja-noun

ブルーベリー • (burūberī)

[bɯ̟ɾɯ̟ːbe̞ɾʲiː]


十二単

十二単 (canonical)
jūni-hitoe (romanization)

[d͡ʑɨːɲ̟i çito̞e̞]

Compound of 十二 (jūni, “twelve”) + 単 (hitoe, “unlined or single-layer robe”).

compound

Ajuga nipponensis, a perennial plant in the mint family and native to Japan


唐檜

ja-noun

唐(とう)檜(ひ) or 唐檜(トウヒ) • (tōhi) ^(←たうひ (taufi)?)

唐檜 (canonical)
唐檜 (canonical)
tōhi (romanization)
taufi (romanization)
たうひ (hiragana historical)

Hondo spruce, Picea jezoensis subsp. hondoensis


バオバブ

Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:バオバブ
ja:松村明


栴檀

栴檀 (canonical)
栴檀 (canonical)
sendan (romanization)

Melia azedarach
Melia azedarach#Translingual


樺の木

樺の木 (canonical)
樺の木 (canonical)
kabanoki (romanization)


沈丁花

沈(じん)丁(ちょう)花(げ) or 沈丁花(ジンチョウゲ) • (jinchōge)

沈丁花 (canonical)
沈丁花 (canonical)
jinchōge (romanization)

[d͡ʑĩɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ːɡe̞]


沈丁花

沈(ちん)丁(ちょう)花(げ) or 沈丁花(チンチョウゲ) • (chinchōge)

沈丁花 (canonical)
沈丁花 (canonical)
chinchōge (romanization)

[t͡ɕĩɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ːɡe̞]


黒檀

黒檀 (canonical)
黒檀 (canonical)
kokutan (romanization)


カシュー

カシュー • (kashū)


莢隠元

莢隠元 (canonical)
sayaingen (romanization)

[sa̠ja̠ĩŋɡẽ̞ɴ]


糸杉

Literally, “thread cypress”, 糸(いと) (ito, “thread”) + 杉(すぎ) (sugi, “cedar”)


シクラメン

[ɕi̥kɯ̟ɾa̠mẽ̞ɴ]

Learned borrowing from English cyclamen.


タイム

映画鑑賞タイム


仏の座

ja-noun

仏(ほとけ)の座(ざ) or 仏(ホトケ)の座(ザ) • (hotoke no za)

仏の座 (canonical)
仏の座 (canonical)
hotoke no za (romanization)


女郎花

女郎花(おみなえし) or 女郎花(オミナエシ) or 女郎花(おみなべし) or 女郎花(オミナベシ) • (ominaeshi or ominabeshi) ^(←をみなへし (wominafesi) or ヲミナヘシ (wominafesi) or をみなべし (wominabesi) or ヲミナベシ (wominabesi)?)

女郎花 (canonical)
女郎花 (canonical)
女郎花 (canonical)
女郎花 (canonical)
ominaeshi (romanization)
ominabeshi (romanization)
wominafesi (romanization)
wominabesi (romanization)
をみなへし (hiragana historical)
ヲミナヘシ (hiragana historical)
をみなべし (hiragana historical)
ヲミナベシ (hiragana historical)

⟨womi₁na pe₁si⟩ → */womʲinapʲesi/ → /wominafeɕi/ → /wominaweɕi/ → /ominaeɕi/
From Old Japanese.
Possibly a compound of Old Japanese elements 女 (⟨womi₁na⟩ → omina, “young woman”) + 圧し (⟨pe₁si⟩ → heshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of archaic verb 圧す (hesu), “to dent, force, push”).

com

娘子部四咲澤二生流花勝見都毛不知戀裳摺可聞

ominaeshi Saki-sawa ni ouru hana katsumi katsute mo shiranu koi mo suru ka mo

(poetic) allusion to 佐紀 (Saki, a placename)


鎧通し

鎧通し (canonical)
yoroidōshi (romanization)

Compound of 鎧(よろい) (yoroi, “armor”) + 通(とう)し (tōshi, “passing one thing through another”). The tōshi changes to dōshi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

(weaponry) a straight and stout short sword or dagger used for thrusting, intended to pierce armor

Synonym of 目木 (megi, “Japanese barberry, Berberis thunbergii”)


山桃

山桃 (canonical)
山桃 (canonical)
yamamomo (romanization)

From 山 (yama, “mountain”) + 桃 (momo, “peach”).


菜豆

ja-noun

菜(さい)豆(とう) or 菜豆(サイトウ) • (saitō)

菜豆 (canonical)
菜豆 (canonical)
saitō (romanization)

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris#Translingual


一位

一(いち)位(い) or 一位(イチイ) • (ichii) ^(←いちゐ (itiwi) or イチヰ (itiwi)?)

一位 (canonical)
一位 (canonical)
ichii (romanization)
itiwi (romanization)
いちゐ (hiragana historical)
イチヰ (hiragana historical)

Based on the the first in rank in the Japanese medieval court sense, from the 笏 (shaku, “baton”) they hold made of yew.

Taxus cuspidata
Taxus cuspidata#Translingual


月桂

(Chinese mythology) the laurel tree that grows on the moon


接骨木

接骨木(にわとこ) or 接骨木(ニワトコ) • (niwatoko) ^(←にはとこ (nifatoko)?)

接骨木 (canonical)
接骨木 (canonical)
niwatoko (romanization)
nifatoko (romanization)
にはとこ (hiragana historical)

対岸には接骨木めいた樹がすがれかかった黄葉を低れて力なさそうに水にうつむいた。

1911, Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Nikkō Shōhin:

On the opposite bank trees with look of red elders' near withering yellow leaves drooped and feebly hung their heads down to the water.

Sambucus sieboldiana
Sambucus sieboldiana#Translingual

西洋接骨木

西洋接骨木 せいようにわとこ


接骨木

接骨木 (canonical)
sekkotsuboku (romanization)

From Middle Chinese compound 接骨木 (tsjep kwot muwk, literally “bonesetting + tree”).


臘梅

Lit. twelfth month plum, 臘(ろう) (rō, “twelfth month”) + 梅(ばい) (bai, “plum”)

ja-compound

Alternative spelling of 蝋梅 (rōbai, “wintersweet, Chimonanthus praecox”)


香橙

ja-noun

香(こう)橙(とう) • (kōtō)

Lit. fragrant bitter orange, 香(こう) (kō, “fragrant”) + 橙(とう) (tō, “bitter orange”)

ja-compound

Synonym of 九年母 (kunenbo, “Citrus nobilis”)


グアバ

Psidium guajava
Psidium guajava#Translingual

guava, Psidium guajava (the fruit or the tree)


鷹の爪

鷹の爪 (canonical)
taka no tsume (romanization)

Compound of 鷹(たか) (taka, “hawk, falcon”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 爪(つめ) (tsume, “claw, talon”).

Capsicum annuum
Gamblea
ja:タカノツメ (ウコギ科)
ja:鷹の爪

Gamblea innovans, a deciduous tree native to Japan, used for its wood (possibly so called for the way the leaves grow in groups of three, similar to a hawk's claws)

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

a kind of chili (Capsicum annuum) that is curved and slender, used for pickling (so called for the way the shape resembles a hawk's claw)

a kind of high-quality tea (so called for the way guests may decide to stay longer to partake, as if caught by a claw)

Synonym of 爪草 (tsumekusa, “Japanese pearlwort, Sagina japonica”)


金銀花

[kʲĩŋʲɡʲĩŋka̠]

Probably from Middle Chinese. Literally “gold silver flower”. Compare modern Mandarin 金銀花／金银花 (jīnyínhuā).

zh-l

金銀花／金银花 (jīnyínhuā)

Japanese honeysuckle
Japanese honeysuckle

Lonicera japonica
Lonicera japonica#Translingual

(rare) Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)


落葉松

落葉松 (canonical)
落葉松 (canonical)
karamatsu (romanization)

Jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 落葉 /落叶 (luòyè).


南天

南天 (canonical)
南天 (canonical)
nanten (romanization)

Apparently ultimately an abbreviation of Middle Chinese 南天竹 (*nom *ten *djiuk) or 南天竺 (*nom *ten *djiuk?), referring to a type of plant similar to bamboo, originating from an area further to the south (India or Indochina). Compare modern Chinese 南天竺 (nántiān zhú).

南天紋

a kind of family crest featuring the nandina in the design.

nandina, heavenly bamboo, sacred bamboo: Nandina domestica, a kind of flowering shrub.


丹桂

丹桂 (canonical)
丹桂 (canonical)
tankei (romanization)

Osmanthus fragrans
Osmanthus fragrans#Translingual

金木犀

orange-blooming variety of the fragrant olive


紅木

紅木 (canonical)
紅木 (canonical)
kōki (romanization)


紅木

紅木 (canonical)
beni no ki (romanization)

Bixa orellana
Bixa orellana#Translingual

Alternative spelling of 紅の木 (beni no ki, “achiote, Bixa orellana”)


高麗人参

ja-noun

高(こう)麗(らい)人(にん)参(じん) or 高麗人参(コウライニンジン) • (kōrai ninjin) ^(←かうらいにんじん (kauraininzin)?)

高麗人参 (canonical)
高麗人参 (canonical)
kōrai ninjin (romanization)
kauraininzin (romanization)
かうらいにんじん (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ːɾa̠i ɲ̟ĩɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]

高麗(こらい) (korai, “Goryeo”) + 人参(にんじん) (ninjin, “carrot; ginseng”)

ja-compound

Synonym of 御種人参 (otane ninjin, “Panax ginseng, (Chinese ginseng)”)


白樺

白樺 (canonical)
白樺 (canonical)
shirakaba (romanization)

From 白 (shira-, “white”) + 樺 (kaba, “birch”).

Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla)

(proscribed) Synonym of 岳樺 (dakekanba): Erman's birch (Betula ermanii)


白樺

白樺 (canonical)
白樺 (canonical)
shirakanba (romanization)

From 白 (shira-, “white”) + 樺 (kanba, “birch”).


正木

正木 (canonical)
正木 (canonical)
masaki (romanization)


伽羅

(historical) the Gaya confederacy: a grouping of smaller states on the southern end of the Korean peninsula, roughly dating to 42-532 CE

漢

韓 (Kara, “Korea”), by extension of the Gaya confederacy to the entire Korean peninsula

by extension of the Korean peninsula further to the Chinese mainland


伽羅

There are two leading theories, both deriving from Middle Chinese 伽羅 (MC gja la):
* From the first two syllables of 伽羅阿伽嚧 (MC gja la 'a gja lu), a phonetic rendering of Sanskrit कालागुरु (kālāguru), referring to a kind of fragrant black (kāla) agarwood tree (aguru) used for incense.
* From the last two syllables of 多伽羅 (MC ta gja la), a phonetic rendering of Sanskrit तगर (tagara), referring to Tabernaemontana coronaria (pinwheel flower or crepe jasmine) or a fragrant powder made from the plant.

伽羅柿

a variety of persimmon noted for its darker skin and sweeter taste

伽羅細工

fine woodwork created using aromatic woods

伽羅代

in the Edo period, a red-light district slang term for money, especially the fee paid to an entertainer or prostitute

伽羅の油

a kind of pomade or hair oil made from sesame oil, plant resin, and clove

伽羅の枕

a wooden headrest with a drawer for burning incense

伽羅蕗

butterbur stem simmer in soy sauce until dark reddish brown

sociable person who is quick to compliment others

just like a Buddha statue made from agarwood

伽羅で作った仏同然: → agarwood only smells nice when burned

so making a statue out of agarwood is pointless: something

to put gold foil on an agarwood Buddha; to put the icing on the cake

伽羅の仏に箔置く: → : adding something good on top of something that is already good

not even passing gas” → neither here nor there

Short for 伽羅木 (kyaraboku): a Japanese yew variety, Taxus cuspidata var. nana


馬尾松

ja-noun

馬(ば)尾(び)松(しょう) or 馬尾松(バビショウ) • (babishō)

馬尾松 (canonical)
馬尾松 (canonical)
babishō (romanization)


狸藻

狸藻 (canonical)
狸藻 (canonical)
tanukimo (romanization)


西洋李

西(せい)洋(よう)李(すもも) or 西洋李(セイヨウスモモ) • (seiyō sumomo)

西洋李 (canonical)
西洋李 (canonical)
seiyō sumomo (romanization)

From 西洋 (seiyō, “The West”) + 李 (sumomo, “plum”).

compound

Prunus domestica
Prunus domestica#Translingual


ヒマラヤ杉

ヒマラヤ杉 (canonical)
ヒマラヤ杉 (canonical)
himarayasugi (romanization)


鰐梨

鰐梨 (canonical)
鰐梨 (canonical)
waninashi (romanization)

[β̞a̠ɲ̟ina̠ɕi]

Compound of 鰐 (wani, “crocodile”) + 梨 (nashi, “pear”), calque of English alligator pear.

af

(dated) Synonym of アボカド (abokado, “avocado, alligator pear”)


枸櫞

枸櫞 (canonical)
枸櫞 (canonical)
kuen (romanization)

Citrus medica
Citrus medica#Translingual


ディル

Anethum graveolens
Anethum graveolens#Translingual

dill (herb of the species Anethum graveolens)


針槐

針槐 (canonical)
針槐 (canonical)
harienju (romanization)


黄梅

ja-noun

黄(おう)梅(ばい) or 黄梅(オウバイ) • (ōbai)

黄梅 (canonical)
黄梅 (canonical)
ōbai (romanization)


麝香豌豆

麝(じゃ)香(こう)豌(えん)豆(どう) or 麝香豌豆(ジャコウエンドウ) • (jakōendō)

麝香豌豆 (canonical)
麝香豌豆 (canonical)
jakōendō (romanization)


麝香連理草

麝(じゃ)香(こう)連(れん)理(り)草(そう) or 麝香連理草(ジャコウレンリソウ) • (jakōrenrisō)

麝香連理草 (canonical)
麝香連理草 (canonical)
jakōrenrisō (romanization)

麝香(じゃこう) (jakō) + 連理(れんり) (renri) + 草(そう) (sō)


巴旦杏

ja-noun

巴(は)旦(たん)杏(きょう) or 巴旦杏(ハタンキョウ) • (hatankyō)

巴旦杏 (canonical)
巴旦杏 (canonical)
hatankyō (romanization)

Prunus amygdalus
Prunus amygdalus#Translingual


防風

防(ぼう)風(ふう) or 防風(ボウフウ) • (bōfū)

防風 (canonical)
防風 (canonical)
bōfū (romanization)

伊吹防風

伊吹防風 イブキボウフウ

河原防風

河原防風 カワラボウフウ

牡丹防風

牡丹防風 ボタンボウフウ

阿蘭陀防風

阿蘭陀防風 オランダボウフウ

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata used in medicine


光桃

光桃 (canonical)
光桃 (canonical)
hikarimomo (romanization)


椿桃

椿桃 (canonical)
椿桃 (canonical)
zubaimomo (romanization)


椿桃

椿桃 (canonical)
椿桃 (canonical)
tsubaimomo (romanization)


椿桃

椿(つばき)桃(もも) or 椿桃(ツバキモモ) • (tsubakimomo)

椿桃 (canonical)
椿桃 (canonical)
tsubakimomo (romanization)


オリーブ

オリーブ • (orību)


苔桃

苔桃 (canonical)
苔桃 (canonical)
kokemomo (romanization)

Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Vaccinium vitis-idaea#Translingual

lingonberry, cowberry, Vaccinium vitis-idaea


橉木

橉木 (canonical)
橉木 (canonical)
rinboku (romanization)

Prunus spinulosa
Prunus spinulosa#Translingual

a tree of species Prunus spinulosa, found in Japan


蘇合香

蘇(そ)合(ごう)香(こう) or 蘇合香(ソゴウコウ) • (sogōkō) ^(←そがふかう (sogafukau)?)

蘇合香 (canonical)
蘇合香 (canonical)
sogōkō (romanization)
sogafukau (romanization)
そがふかう (hiragana historical)

Liquidambar orientalis
Liquidambar orientalis#Translingual

oriental sweetgum, Liquidambar orientalis


山茶花

山(さ)茶(ざん)花(か) or 山茶花(サザンカ) • (sazanka) ^(←さざんくわ (sazankwa) or サザンクワ (sazankwa)?)

山茶花 (canonical)
山茶花 (canonical)
sazanka (romanization)
sazankwa (romanization)
さざんくわ (hiragana historical)
サザンクワ (hiragana historical)

Camellia sasanqua
Daijisen
ja:サザンカ
ja:松村明

/sansaka/ → /sanzaka/ → /sazanka/.
Sound shift from sansaka (see below).

the sasanqua (Camellia sasanqua), a species of camellia


山茶花

ja-pos

山(さ)茶(ざん)花(か) • (Sazanka) ^(←さざんくわ (Sazankwa)?)

山茶花 (canonical)
Sazanka (romanization)
Sazankwa (romanization)
さざんくわ (hiragana historical)


山茶花

ja-noun

山(さん)茶(さ)花(か) • (sansaka) ^(←さんさくわ (sansakwa)?)

山茶花 (canonical)
sansaka (romanization)
sansakwa (romanization)
さんさくわ (hiragana historical)
さんざか (alternative hiragana)
sanzaka (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)
さんざくわ (alternative hiragana historical)

Appears in the Nippo Jisho.
Borrowed from Chinese 山茶花 (shāncháhuā), equivalent to 山茶 (sancha → sansa/sanza, “camellia”) + 花 (ka, affix for "flower").

compound

(obsolete) the sasanqua (Camellia sasanqua), a species of camellia


合歓

合歓 (canonical)
合歓 (canonical)
nemu (romanization)

合歓木

silk tree, specifically Persian silk tree

especially, Persian silk tree (Albizia julibrissin)


合歓

合歓 (canonical)
合歓 (canonical)
nebu (romanization)

From 眠(ねぶ)り (neburi, “sleep”), which is the old obsolete reading thereof, and in modern form, the bilabial plosive /b/ has become bilabial nasal /m/.


柑果

柑果 (canonical)
kanka (romanization)
kankwa (romanization)
かんくわ (hiragana historical)


隠元

ja-noun

隠(いん)元(げん) or 隠元(インゲン) • (ingen) ^(←いんげん (ingen)?)

隠元 (canonical)
隠元 (canonical)
ingen (romanization)
いんげん (hiragana historical)

Short for 隠元豆 (ingen-mame, “common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”).


車前

Synonym of 大葉子 (ōbako, “Plantago asiatica”)


杜松

杜松 (canonical)
杜松 (canonical)
nezu (romanization)


海石榴

海石榴 (canonical)
海石榴 (canonical)
tsubaki (romanization)

The kanji spelling means literally 海 (“sea”) + 石榴 (“pomegranate”).

Camellia japonica
Camellia japonica#Translingual

Alternative spelling of 椿 (tsubaki): Camellia japonica, a species of camellia


山茶

山茶 (canonical)
山茶 (canonical)
yamacha (romanization)

山(やま) (yama, “mountain”) + 茶(ちゃ) (cha, “tea”)

ja-compound

1979, Murai Yasuhiko, Cha no bunka shi [Cultural history of tea], page 2:

To contrast this with cultivated tea it is called ‘yama-cha’ (often written in katakana or the like)

そこでこれを茶園での栽培茶に対して「山茶」(ヤマチャとかな書きすることが多い)と呼んでいる

Soko de kore o chaen de no saibai cha ni taishite “yamacha”(yamacha toka na kaki suru koto ga ōi) to yonde-iru

1992, Nakamura Yōichirō, Cha no minzoku gaku [The folklore of tea], page 50:

An area can be seen where tea porridge is eaten three times a day, but this tea-porridge region coincides with an area where tea grows wild.

三食とも茶粥という徹底した地域が見られるが、こうした茶粥地帯は、ヤマチャが自生する範囲に納まる。

Sanshoku to mo chagayu to iu tettei shita chiiki ga mirareru ga, kō shita chagayu chitai wa, yamacha ga jisei suru han'i ni osamaru.

Camellia sinensis
Camellia sinensis#Translingual

wild-growing tea plants (Camellia sinensis)


荊芥

荊芥 (canonical)
荊芥 (canonical)
keigai (romanization)

(traditional Chinese medicine) flower spikes of Schizonepeta tenuifolia used in medicine


沙羅

沙羅 (canonical)
沙羅 (canonical)
sara (romanization)

From Hindi साल (sāl), from Sanskrit शाल (śāla). The Kanji form is written in ateji.

Shorea robusta
Shorea robusta#Translingual

Stewartia pseudocamellia
Stewartia pseudocamellia#Translingual

Synonym of 夏椿 (natsutsubaki, “Japanese stewartia, Stewartia pseudocamellia”)


沙羅

ja-noun

沙(しゃ)羅(ら) or 沙羅(シャラ) • (shara) ^(←しやら (syara)?)

沙羅 (canonical)
沙羅 (canonical)
shara (romanization)
syara (romanization)
しやら (hiragana historical)


夏椿

夏(なつ)椿(つばき) or 夏椿(ナツツバキ) • (natsutsubaki)

夏椿 (canonical)
夏椿 (canonical)
natsutsubaki (romanization)

夏 (natsu, “summer”) + 椿 (tsubaki, “camellia”)

compound

Japanese stewartia (Stewartia pseudocamellia)


沙羅樹

ja-noun

沙羅樹(さらのき) or 沙羅樹(サラノキ) or 沙羅樹(しゃらのき) or 沙羅樹(シャラノキ) or 沙(さ)羅(ら)樹(じゅ) or 沙羅樹(サラジュ) • (saranoki or sharanoki or saraju) ^(←しやらのき (syaranoki) or さらじゆ (sarazyu)?)

沙羅樹 (canonical)
沙羅樹 (canonical)
沙羅樹 (canonical)
沙羅樹 (canonical)
沙羅樹 (canonical)
沙羅樹 (canonical)
saranoki (romanization)
sharanoki (romanization)
saraju (romanization)
syaranoki (romanization)
sarazyu (romanization)
しやらのき (hiragana historical)
さらじゆ (hiragana historical)

Stewartia pseudocamellia (Japanese stewartia)


娑羅樹

娑羅樹(さらのき) or 娑羅樹(サラノキ) or 娑羅樹(しゃらのき) or 娑羅樹(シャラノキ) or 娑(さ)羅(ら)樹(じゅ) or 娑羅樹(サラジュ) • (saranoki or sharanoki or saraju) ^(←しやらのき (syaranoki) or さらじゆ (sarazyu)?)

娑羅樹 (canonical)
娑羅樹 (canonical)
娑羅樹 (canonical)
娑羅樹 (canonical)
娑羅樹 (canonical)
娑羅樹 (canonical)
saranoki (romanization)
sharanoki (romanization)
saraju (romanization)
syaranoki (romanization)
sarazyu (romanization)
しやらのき (hiragana historical)
さらじゆ (hiragana historical)


鎧草

鎧(よろい)草(ぐさ) or 鎧草(ヨロイグサ) • (yoroigusa) ^(←よろひぐさ (yorofigusa)?)

鎧草 (canonical)
鎧草 (canonical)
yoroigusa (romanization)
yorofigusa (romanization)
よろひぐさ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 鎧 (yoroi, “armour”) + 草 (kusa, “grass”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Angelica dahurica
Angelica dahurica#Translingual


国色

[ko̞kɯ̟ɕo̞kɯ̟]

From Middle Chinese compound 國色 /国色 (kwok srik, literally “nation + beauty”). Compare modern Mandarin 國色／国色 (guósè, “most beautiful woman of a country; peony”).


花独活

花独活 (canonical)
花独活 (canonical)
hanaudo (romanization)

Compound of 花 (hana, “flower”) + 独活 (udo, “Japanese spikenard”).

compound

Heracleum sphondylium var. nipponicum#Translingual


素馨

素馨 (canonical)
素馨 (canonical)
sokei (romanization)

Jasminum grandiflorum
Jasminum grandiflorum#Translingual


苦扁桃

ja-noun

苦(く)扁(へん)桃(とう) • (kuhentō) ^(←くへんたう (kufentau)?)

苦扁桃 (canonical)
kuhentō (romanization)
kufentau (romanization)
くへんたう (hiragana historical)

bitter almond, the bitter seed of Prunus amygdalus

苦扁桃水

苦扁桃水 くへんとうすい


庭常

庭(にわ)常(とこ) or 庭常(ニワトコ) • (niwatoko) ^(←にはとこ (nifatoko)?)

庭常 (canonical)
庭常 (canonical)
niwatoko (romanization)
nifatoko (romanization)
にはとこ (hiragana historical)


篝火草

篝(かがり)火(び)草(そう) • (kagaribisō) ^(←かがりびさう (kagaribisau)?)

篝火草 (canonical)
kagaribisō (romanization)
kagaribisau (romanization)
かがりびさう (hiragana historical)

Compound of 篝火 (kagaribi, “watchfire, fishing fire, bonfire”) + 草 (sō, “grass”).


豚の饅頭

ja-noun

豚(ぶた)の饅(まん)頭(じゅう) • (buta no manjū) ^(←ぶたのまんぢゆう (butanomandyuu)?)

豚の饅頭 (canonical)
buta no manjū (romanization)
butanomandyuu (romanization)
ぶたのまんぢゆう (hiragana historical)

[bɯ̟ta̠ no̞ mã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑɨː]

Calque of English sow bread. Compound of 豚 (buta, “pig”) + の (no, “possessive particle”) + 饅頭 (manjū, “a type of bun typically with bean paste filling”).


蒴藋

ja-noun

蒴藋(そくず) or 蒴藋(ソクズ) • (sokuzu) ^(←そくづ (sokudu)?)

蒴藋 (canonical)
蒴藋 (canonical)
sokuzu (romanization)
sokudu (romanization)
そくづ (hiragana historical)


山査子

山査子 (canonical)
山査子 (canonical)
sanzashi (romanization)

Appears to be from Middle Chinese 山查子 (srɛn dʒa tsi^X, literally “mountain + hawthorn + child, little thing”). The plant itself is native to China.
The modern standard form in Chinese is 山楂 (shānzhā); compare modern Mandarin reading shānzhā, Cantonese saan¹ zaa¹.

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried fruit of Crataegus cuneata used in medicine


柑子

柑子 (canonical)
柑子 (canonical)
kōji (romanization)

ja:コウジ (柑橘類)


山椒

山(さん)椒(しょう) or 山椒(サンショウ) • (sanshō) ^(←さんせう (sanseu)?)

山椒 (canonical)
山椒 (canonical)
sanshō (romanization)
sanseu (romanization)
さんせう (hiragana historical)
さんしょ (alternative hiragana)
サンショ (alternative hiragana katakana)
sansho (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)

⇒ English: sanshool

烏山椒

烏山椒 からすさんしょう


藻玉

藻玉 (canonical)
藻玉 (canonical)
modama (romanization)

Compound of 藻 (mo, “alga”) + 玉 (tama, “ball”), from the way that the seeds often wash ashore. The tama changes to dama as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


梯姑

梯姑 (canonical)
梯姑 (canonical)
deigo (romanization)

でいごの花が咲き 風を呼び嵐が来た

1992, Kazufumi Miyazawa (lyrics and music), “Shima Uta [Island Song]”, performed by The Boom, published 1993

The coral flowers bloom, the winds call, [and] the storm has come.

deigo no hana ga saki kaze o yobi arashi ga kita


柿の木

柿の木 (canonical)
柿の木 (canonical)
kaki no ki (romanization)

Diospyros kaki
Diospyros kaki#Translingual

a Japanese persimmon tree (Diospyros kaki)


蟠桃

蟠(ばん)桃(とう) or 蟠(はん)桃(とう) or 蟠桃(バントウ) or 蟠桃(ハントウ) • (bantō or hantō)

蟠桃 (canonical)
蟠桃 (canonical)
蟠桃 (canonical)
蟠桃 (canonical)
bantō (romanization)
hantō (romanization)

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 蟠桃 (MC ban daw). First cited to a work from 1313-1328.

Prunus persica subsp. platycarpa#Translingual

flat peach (Prunus persica subsp. platycarpa)

peach of immortality
peach of immortality

(Chinese mythology) peach of immortality


ライラック

[ɾa̠iɾa̠k̚kɯ̟]

ja:ライラック
ja:ライラック (曖昧さ回避)
ja:ライラック (色)


紫丁香花

紫(むらさき)丁香花(はしどい) or 紫丁香花(ムラサキハシドイ) • (murasakihashidoi)

紫丁香花 (canonical)
紫丁香花 (canonical)
murasakihashidoi (romanization)

紫 (murasaki, “purple”) + 丁香花 (hashidoi, “Japanese tree lilac”)

com

ライラック ライラック#Japanese

Synonym of ライラック (rairakku, “lilac”) (shrub)


丁香花

丁香花 (canonical)
丁香花 (canonical)
hashidoi (romanization)

Japanese tree lilac (Syringa reticulata)


栃葉人参

ja-noun

栃(とち)葉(ば)人(にん)参(じん) or 栃葉人参(トチバニンジン) • (tochiba ninjin)

栃葉人参 (canonical)
栃葉人参 (canonical)
tochiba ninjin (romanization)

[to̞t͡ɕiba̠ ɲ̟ĩɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]

栃 (tochi, “horse chestnut”) + 葉 (ha, “leaf”) + 人参 (ninjin, “carrot”)

compound

ja:トチバニンジン ja:トチバニンジン属


竹節人参

ja-noun

竹(ちく)節(せつ)人(にん)参(じん) or 竹節人参(チクセツニンジン) • (chikusetsu ninjin)

竹節人参 (canonical)
竹節人参 (canonical)
chikusetsu ninjin (romanization)

[t͡ɕikɯ̟̊se̞t͡sɨ ɲ̟ĩɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]


御種人参

御(お)種(たね)人(にん)参(じん) or 御種人参(オタネニンジン) • (otane ninjin)

御種人参 (canonical)
御種人参 (canonical)
otane ninjin (romanization)

[o̞ta̠ne̞ ɲ̟ĩɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]


朝鮮人参

朝(ちょう)鮮(せん)人(にん)参(じん) or 朝鮮人参(チョウセンニンジン) • (Chōsen ninjin) ^(←てうせんにんじん (teusenninzin)?)

朝鮮人参 (canonical)
朝鮮人参 (canonical)
Chōsen ninjin (romanization)
teusenninzin (romanization)
てうせんにんじん (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕo̞ːse̞ɲ̟ ɲ̟ĩɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]

朝鮮 (Chōsen, “Korea”) + 人参 (ninjin, “carrot”)


オーク

oak (tree or shrub of the genus Quercus)


栂桜

ja-noun

栂(つが)桜(ざくら) or 栂桜(ツガザクラ) • (tsugazakura)

栂桜 (canonical)
栂桜 (canonical)
tsugazakura (romanization)

[t͡sɨɡa̠za̠kɯ̟ɾa̠]


贋アカシア

贋アカシア (canonical)
贋アカシア (canonical)
nise-akashia (romanization)

贋(にせ) (nise, “fake”) + アカシア (akashia, “acacia”)

ja-compound

Robinia pseudoacacia
Robinia pseudoacacia#Translingual


波布草

ja-noun

波(は)布(ぶ)草(そう) or 波布草(ハブソウ) • (habusō) ^(←はぶさう (fabusau)?)

波布草 (canonical)
波布草 (canonical)
habusō (romanization)
fabusau (romanization)
はぶさう (hiragana historical)

Compound of 波布 (habu, “Okinawan habu”) + 草 (sō, “grass”).


木槿

木槿 (canonical)
木槿 (canonical)
mukuge (romanization)

Dissimilation of *muguge, the go-on reading of 無窮花, cf. Korean 무궁화(無窮花) (mugunghwa, “hibiscus”).

Hibiscus syriacus
Hibiscus syriacus#Translingual

hibiscus; rose of Sharon, Hibiscus syriacus


蝿毒草

ja-noun

蝿(はえ)毒(どく)草(そう) or 蝿毒草(ハエドクソウ) • (haedokusō) ^(←はへどくさう (fafedokusau)?)

蝿毒草 (canonical)
蝿毒草 (canonical)
haedokusō (romanization)
fafedokusau (romanization)
はへどくさう (hiragana historical)

Compound of 蝿(はえ) (hae, “fly”) + 毒草(どくそう) (dokusō, “poisonous plant”).


キウイフルーツ

[kʲiɯ̟i ɸɯ̟ɾɯ̟ːt͡sɨ]


浜菱

浜菱 (canonical)
浜菱 (canonical)
hamabishi (romanization)

浜(はま) (hama, “shore; bank”) + 菱(ひし) (hishi, “water caltrop”)

Tribulus terrestris
Tribulus terrestris#Translingual


ユーカリ

[jɯ̟ːka̠ɾʲi]

Ultimately from New Latin Eucalyptus, as a shortening of English eucalyptus.

eucalyptus (any of many trees of genus Eucalyptus)


風船葛

ja-noun

風(ふう)船(せん)葛(かずら) or 風船葛(フウセンカズラ) • (fūsen kazura)

風船葛 (canonical)
風船葛 (canonical)
fūsen kazura (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟ːse̞ŋ ka̠zɨɾa̠]

the balloon plant; Cardiospermum halicacabum


壺草

壺草 (canonical)
壺草 (canonical)
tsubokusa (romanization)

Centella asiatica
Centella asiatica#Translingual

Asiatic pennywort, gotu kola (Centella asiatica)


南京豆

南(なん)京(きん)豆(まめ) or 南京豆(ナンキンまめ) or 南京豆(ナンキンマメ) • (Nankinmame)

南京豆 (canonical)
南京豆 (canonical)
南京豆 (canonical)
Nankinmame (romanization)

[nã̠ŋʲkʲĩmːa̠me̞]

南京 (Nankin, “Nanjing”) + 豆 (mame, “bean”)


ピーナツ

ピーナッツ ピーナッツ#Japanese

Alternative form of ピーナッツ (pīnattsu, “peanut”)


ライ豆

ライ豆 (canonical)
ライ豆 (canonical)
raimame (romanization)


葵豆

ja-noun

葵(あおい)豆(まめ) or 葵豆(アオイマメ) • (aoimame) ^(←あふひまめ (afufimame)?)

葵豆 (canonical)
葵豆 (canonical)
aoimame (romanization)
afufimame (romanization)
あふひまめ (hiragana historical)


リマ豆

リマ豆 (canonical)
リマ豆 (canonical)
rima mame (romanization)


海柘榴

海柘榴 (canonical)
海柘榴 (canonical)
tsubaki (romanization)

Alternative spelling of 椿 (tsubaki): Camellia japonica, a species of camellia


菩提樹

菩(ぼ)提(だい)樹(じゅ) or 菩提樹(ボダイジュ) • (bodaiju)

菩提樹 (canonical)
菩提樹 (canonical)
bodaiju (romanization)

印度菩提樹 印度菩提樹#Japanese

Ficus religiosa
Ficus religiosa#Translingual

Synonym of 印度菩提樹 (Indo bodaiju, “bodhi tree (Ficus religiosa)”)


甘木

(historical) Amagi (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


犬薄荷

犬(いぬ)薄(はっ)荷(か) or 犬薄荷(イヌハッカ) • (inuhakka)

犬薄荷 (canonical)
犬薄荷 (canonical)
inuhakka (romanization)

Literally, “dog mint”, 犬(いぬ) (inu, “dog”) + 薄荷(はっか) (hakka, “mint”)


蒲桃

蒲桃 (canonical)
蒲桃 (canonical)
futomomo (romanization)

Syzygium jambos
Syzygium jambos#Translingual


霧島

Short for 霧島躑躅 (kirishima tsutsuji, “Rhododendron obtusum”).


芸香

ヘンルーダ ヘンルーダ#Japanese

Synonym of ヘンルーダ (henrūda, “common rue”)


虫草

虫草 (canonical)
虫草 (canonical)
mushikusa (romanization)

Literally, “insect grass”, 虫(むし) (mushi, “insect, bug”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass, plant”)


香椿

香椿 (canonical)
香椿 (canonical)
chanchin (romanization)

[t͡ɕã̠ɲ̟t͡ɕĩɴ]


青桐

青桐 (canonical)
青桐 (canonical)
aogiri (romanization)


鳳凰木

ja-noun

鳳(ほう)凰(おう)木(ぼく) or 鳳凰木(ホウオウボク) • (hōōboku)

鳳凰木 (canonical)
鳳凰木 (canonical)
hōōboku (romanization)

Literally, “phoenix tree”, 鳳凰(ほうおう) (hōō, “phoenix, fenghuang”) + 木(ぼく) (boku, “tree”)

ja-compound

Delonix regia
Delonix regia#Translingual


西洋接骨木

ja-noun

西(せい)洋(よう)接骨木(にわとこ) or 西洋接骨木(セイヨウニワトコ) • (seiyōniwatoko)

西洋接骨木 (canonical)
西洋接骨木 (canonical)
seiyōniwatoko (romanization)

Literally, “Western elder”, 西洋(せいよう) (seiyō, “western”) + 接骨木(にわとこ) (niwatoko, “elder tree”)

ja-compound

Sambucus nigra
Sambucus nigra#Translingual


紫詰草

ja-noun

紫(むらさき)詰(つめ)草(くさ) or 紫詰草(ムラサキツメクサ) • (murasakitsumekusa)

紫詰草 (canonical)
紫詰草 (canonical)
murasakitsumekusa (romanization)

紫(むらさき) (murasaki, “purple”) + 詰草(つまくさ) (tsumakusa, “clover”)

ja-compound

Trifolium pratense
Trifolium pratense#Translingual


赤詰草

ja-noun

赤(あか)詰(つめ)草(くさ) or 赤詰草(アカツメクサ) • (akatsumekusa)

赤詰草 (canonical)
赤詰草 (canonical)
akatsumekusa (romanization)

赤(あか) (aka, “red”) + 詰草(つめくさ) (tsumekusa, “clover”)


詰草

詰草 (canonical)
詰草 (canonical)
tsumekusa (romanization)

Compound of 詰め (tsume, “packing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 詰める (tsumeru, “to pack something”)) + 草 (kusa, “plant, herb”).
The name of the plant arose from the practice of Dutch merchants shipping goods to Japan of using dried clover as a packing material to protect glassware and other fragile merchandise.
First cited to a botanical reference work from 1884. The plant was introduced to Japan, accounting for the late appearance of the term.
Not to be confused with homophonous 爪草 (tsumekusa, “Sagina japonica, Japanese pearlwort”).

compound

clover: short for 白詰草 (shiro tsumekusa, “white clover”), or short for 赤詰草 (aka tsumekusa, “red clover (Trifolium pratense)”)


白詰草

ja-noun

白(しろ)詰(つめ)草(くさ) or 白詰草(シロツメクサ) • (shiro tsumekusa)

白詰草 (canonical)
白詰草 (canonical)
shiro tsumekusa (romanization)

Compound of 白 (shiro, “white”) + 詰草 (tsumekusa, “clover”).
First cited to a botanical reference work from 1884. The plant was introduced to Japan, accounting for the late appearance of the term.

compound

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Trifolium repens
ja:シロツメクサ


グリーンピース

ja-pos

グリーンピース • (Gurīnpīsu)

wp

グリーンピース (NGO)

1997, Nihon Kankyō Kaigi, Ajia kankyō hakusho 1997/98 [1997/98 Asia environmental white paper], page 67:

There are currently no organizations with scope similar to IUCN, WWF, WRI, or Greenpeace among international NGOs based in Asian countries.

ＩＵＣＮ、ＷＷＦ、ＷＲＩ、またはグリーンピースのような組織と同様の意味において、現在、アジアの国々に基盤を置く国際的なＮＧＯはない。

Ai-Yū-Shī-Enu, Daburu-Daburu-Efu, Daburu-Aru-Ai, mata wa Gurīnpīsu no yō na soshiki to dōyō no imi ni oite, genzai, ajia no kuniguni ni kiban o oku kokusaiteki na enujīō wa nai.

2006 January 20, “Gurīnpīsu, kujira no shigai hakobi hantai [Greenpeace, protest staged with whale carcass]”, in Mainichi Shimbun, page 27:

On the 18th Greenpeace, an international environmental group that opposes Japan’s research whaling, displayed a dead 17-meter-long fin whale in front of the Japanese Embassy in Berlin and appealed to “stop senseless whaling”.

日本の調査捕鯨に反対する国際環境保護団体グリーンピースは18日、ベルリンの日本大使館前に体長17メートルの死んだナガスクジラを運び込み、「無意味な捕鯨を中止しろ」と訴えた。

Nihon no chōsa hogei ni hantai suru kokusai kankyō hogo dantai Gurīnpīsu wa jūhachinichi, Berurin no Nihon Taishikan mae ni taichō jūnana mētoru no shinda nagasu kujira o hakobikomi, “muimi na hogei o chūshi shiro” to uttaeta.

2020 August 26, “Mōrishasu: ōgata kamotsusen zashō-sen zenbu o umi-botsu shobun kōbu wa genchi kaitai e [Mauritius: Grounded large cargo ship, forward portion to be sunk, rear portion dismantled]”, in Mainichi Shimbun, page 24:

The environmental group Greenpeace commented in a statement on the 19th, “Toxic heavy metals can pollute the ocean and endanger biodiversity.”

環境保護団体グリーンピースは19日の声明で「重金属の有害物質が海を汚染し、生物多様性を危険にさらしかねない」と批判していた。

Kankyō hogo dantai Gurīnpīsu wa jūkyūnichi no seimei de “jūkinzoku no yūgai busshitsu ga umi o osen shi, seibutsu tayōsei o kiken ni sarashi kanenai” to hihan shite-ita.


芍薬

芍薬 (canonical)
芍薬 (canonical)
shakuyaku (romanization)

[ɕa̠kɯ̟ja̠kɯ̟]

立てば芍薬座れば牡丹歩く姿は百合の花

tateba shakuyaku suwareba botan aruku sugata wa yuri no hana

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

Paeonia lactiflora
Paeonia lactiflora#Translingual

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried roots of Paeonia lactiflora used in medicine


百日紅

百日紅 (canonical)
百日紅 (canonical)
sarusuberi (romanization)

[sa̠ɾɯ̟sɨbe̞ɾʲi]

Originally a compound of 猿 (saru, “monkey”) + 滑り (suberi, “sliding, slipping”), from the smooth and slippery texture of the bark.
Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 百日紅 /百日红 (bǎirìhóng).

obor

Lagerstroemia indica
Lagerstroemia indica#Translingual

Stewartia pseudocamellia
Stewartia pseudocamellia#Translingual

(rare) Synonym of 夏椿 (natsutsubaki): the Japanese stewartia, Stewartia pseudocamellia

夏椿

(rare) Synonym of 捩木 (nejiki) Lyonia ovalifolia


百日紅

ja-noun

百(ひゃく)日(じつ)紅(こう) or 百日紅(ヒャクジツコウ) • (hyakujitsukō)

百日紅 (canonical)
百日紅 (canonical)
hyakujitsukō (romanization)

[ça̠kɯ̟ʑit͡sɨko̞ː]

The on'yomi pronunciation of the compound borrowed from Chinese 百日紅 /百日红 (bǎirìhóng).


決明

Synonym of 夷草 (ebisu-gusa, “sicklepod, Senna obtusifolia”)


西洋薄荷

西(せい)洋(よう)薄(はっ)荷(か) or 西洋薄荷(セイヨウハッカ) • (seiyō hakka) ^(←せいやうはくか (seiyau fakuka) or セイヤウハクカ (seiyau fakuka)?)

西洋薄荷 (canonical)
西洋薄荷 (canonical)
seiyō hakka (romanization)
seiyau fakuka (romanization)
せいやうはくか (hiragana historical)
セイヤウハクカ (hiragana historical)

西洋 (seiyō, “the West”) + 薄荷 (hakka, “mint”)

com

ペパーミント ペパーミント#Japanese

Synonym of ペパーミント (pepāminto, “peppermint”)


日本薄荷

ja-noun

日(に)本(ほん)薄(はっ)荷(か) or 日本薄荷(ニホンハッカ) • (Nihon hakka)

日本 (Nihon, “Japan”) + 薄荷 (hakka, “mint”)


山桐

山桐 (canonical)
山桐 (canonical)
yamagiri (romanization)

Compound of 山(やま) (yama, “mountain”) + 桐(キリ) (kiri, “paulownia”).
The kiri changes to giri as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Synonym of 油桐 (aburagiri): the Japanese tung oil tree, Vernicia cordata


翌檜

Shortened from 明日は檜になろう (asu wa hinoki ni narō, literally “tomorrow [the asunaro] will become a hinoki cypress”), a blend/compound of 明日 (asu, “tomorrow”) + なろう (narō, volitional form of verb なる (naru), to “become”).
The kanji spelling is literally "next (day) + hinoki cypress".

blend

volitional form of verb <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">なる</i> (naru), to “become”


春告草

春告草 (canonical)
harutsugegusa (romanization)

[ha̠ɾɯ̟t͡sɨɡe̞ɡɯ̟sa̠]

Lit. spring heralding plant, 春(はる) (haru, “spring”) + 告(つげ) (tsuge, “tell, inform”) + 草(ぐさ) (gusa, “grass, plant”)


紫式部

ja-noun

紫(むらさき)式(しき)部(ぶ) or 紫式部(ムラサキシキブ) • (murasaki shikibu)

紫式部 (canonical)
紫式部 (canonical)
murasaki shikibu (romanization)

Murasaki is from the color of the 藤 (fuji, “Wisteria floribunda”), hinting the novelist's connection to the 藤原 (Fujiwara) clan; while Shikibu refers to the 式部省 (Shikibu-shō, “Ministry of Ceremonial Affairs”).
The beautyberry sense is named in honor of the novelist. Alternatively, shikibu might be a corruption of 敷き実 (shikimi, literally “spread out fruits”).

the Japanese or East Asian beautyberry, Callicarpa japonica


唐紅

唐(から)紅(くれない) • (kara-kurenai) ^(←からくれなゐ (karakurenawi)?)

唐紅 (canonical)
kara-kurenai (romanization)
karakurenawi (romanization)
からくれなゐ (hiragana historical)

From 唐 (Kara, “(Tang dynasty) China”) + 紅 (kurenai, “crimson”); contrasted with the alternative spelling 韓紅 (literally “Korean crimson”).

com

千早ぶる神世もきかず竜田川からくれなゐに水くくるとは

905, Kokin Wakashū, (book 5, poem 294; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 17)

I have not heard that, e'en in the age of the Mighty Gods the rivers draped in vivid (literally Chinese) red as is that of Tatsuta.

chihayaburu kamiyo mo kikazu Tatsuta-gawa Kara-kurenai ni mizu kukuru to wa

Synonym of 寒紅梅 (kankōbai): an ume cultivar, Prunus mume var. mume f. alphandii


唐紅

ja-noun

唐(とう)紅(べに) • (tōbeni) ^(←たうべに (taubeni)?)

唐紅 (canonical)
tōbeni (romanization)
taubeni (romanization)
たうべに (hiragana historical)

From 唐 (Tō, “(Tang dynasty) China → foreign”) + 紅 (beni, “crimson”).


楤木

楤木 (canonical)
楤木 (canonical)
taranoki (romanization)


椪柑

椪柑 (canonical)
椪柑 (canonical)
ponkan (romanization)

Borrowed from Hokkien 椪柑 (phòng-kam).
The initial pon is from Poona (modern Pune), a city in western India.
Compare Mandarin 椪柑 (pènggān) and Cantonese 椪柑 (pung³ gam¹).

ponkan: a hybrid species of tangerine, Citrus poonesis


荏胡麻

荏胡麻 (canonical)
荏胡麻 (canonical)
egoma (romanization)

Perilla frutescens
Perilla frutescens#Translingual


金栗蘭

ja-noun

金栗蘭(ちゃらん) or 金栗蘭(チャラン) • (charan)

金栗蘭 (canonical)
金栗蘭 (canonical)
charan (romanization)

Alternative spelling of 茶蘭 (charan, “Chloranthus spicatus”)


藪柑子

藪(やぶ)柑(こう)子(じ) or 藪柑子(ヤブコウジ) • (yabu kōji) ^(←やぶかうじ (yabukauzi)?)

藪柑子 (canonical)
藪柑子 (canonical)
yabu kōji (romanization)
yabukauzi (romanization)
やぶかうじ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 藪 (yabu, “thicket, grove”) + 柑子 (kōji, “Citrus leiocarpa”, a kind of mandarin orange).

compound

Japanese ardisia or marlberry, Ardisia japonica

Ardisia japonica
Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:ヤブコウジ
ja:松村明


晩白柚

ja-noun

晩(ばん)白(ぺい)柚(ゆ) or 晩白柚(バンペイユ) • (banpeiyu)

晩白柚 (canonical)
晩白柚 (canonical)
banpeiyu (romanization)


酢橘

酢橘 (canonical)
酢橘 (canonical)
sudachi (romanization)

Blend of 酢 (su, “vinegar”, for its sourness) + 橘 (tachibana, “Citrus tachibana”).
The tachi changes to dachi as an instance of rendaku (連濁)..

blend

Citrus sudachi, a citrus fruit native to western Japan


クランベリー

[kɯ̟ɾã̠mbe̞ɾʲiː]


目木

目木 (canonical)
目木 (canonical)
megi (romanization)


蕗草

蕗 (ro, “giant butterbur”) + 草 (sō, “grass”)


フクシア

[ɸɯ̟̊kɯ̟ɕia̠]

[ɸɯ̟̊kɯ̟ɕia̠]

Learned borrowing from New Latin Fuchsia.


満天星

ja-noun

満天星(どうだんつつじ) or 満天星(ドウダンツツジ) or 満天星(どうだん) or 満天星(ドウダン) • (dōdantsutsuji or dōdan)

満天星 (canonical)
満天星 (canonical)
満天星 (canonical)
満天星 (canonical)
dōdantsutsuji (romanization)
dōdan (romanization)

From 灯台(とうだい) (tōdai, “lighthouse”) + 躑躅(つつじ) (tsutsuji, “rhododendron; azalea”). Over time, the tōdai became dōdan. The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 滿天星 /满天星 (mǎntiānxīng, “baby's breath, Gypsophila paniculata”).


満天星

満天星 (canonical)
mantensei (romanization)

[mã̠ntẽ̞ɰ̃se̞ː]


榛木

榛木 (canonical)
榛木 (canonical)
hannoki (romanization)


山桜

山桜 (canonical)
Yamazakura (romanization)

Compound of 山(やま) (yama, “mountain”) + 桜(サクラ) (sakura, “cherry tree, Prunus serrulata”).
The sakura changes to zakura as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


水木

ja-noun

水(みず)木(き) or 水木(ミズキ) • (mizuki) ^(←みづき (miduki) or ミヅキ (miduki)?)

水木 (canonical)
水木 (canonical)
mizuki (romanization)
miduki (romanization)
みづき (hiragana historical)
ミヅキ (hiragana historical)

霧島水木

霧島水木 きりしまみずき

日向水木

日向水木 ひゅうがみずき


忍冬

忍(にん)冬(どう) or 忍冬(ニンドウ) • (nindō)

忍冬 (canonical)
忍冬 (canonical)
nindō (romanization)

Japanese honeysuckle
Japanese honeysuckle

golden-and-silver honeysuckle
golden-and-silver honeysuckle

Lonicera japonica
Lonicera japonica#Translingual

Japanese honeysuckle; golden-and-silver honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)

(traditional Chinese medicine) dried stalk and flowers of Japanese honeysuckle


忍冬

忍冬(すいかずら) or 忍冬(スイカズラ) • (suikazura) ^(←すひかづら (sufikadura)?)

忍冬 (canonical)
忍冬 (canonical)
suikazura (romanization)
sufikadura (romanization)
すひかづら (hiragana historical)

Alternative spelling of 吸葛 (suikazura, “Japanese honeysuckle; golden-and-silver honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)”)


隠元豆

隠(いん)元(げん)豆(まめ) or 隠元豆(インゲンマメ) • (ingenmame)

隠元豆 (canonical)
隠元豆 (canonical)
ingenmame (romanization)

[ĩŋɡẽ̞mːa̠me̞]

Named after Chinese Buddhist monk 隠元 (Ingen).

named-after

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris#Translingual


黄檗

(Buddhism) Short for 黄檗宗 (“the Ōbaku sect”).

Alternative spelling of 黄蘗 (“Amur cork tree”)


山藤

silky wisteria, mountain wisteria, Wisteria brachybotrys


西洋柊

ja-noun

西(せい)洋(よう)柊(ひいらぎ) or 西洋柊(セイヨウヒイラギ) • (seiyō hiiragi) ^(←せいやうひひらぎ (seiyaufifiragi) or セイヤウヒヒラギ (seiyaufifiragi)?)

西洋柊 (canonical)
西洋柊 (canonical)
seiyō hiiragi (romanization)
seiyaufifiragi (romanization)
せいやうひひらぎ (hiragana historical)
セイヤウヒヒラギ (hiragana historical)

[se̞ːjo̞ː çiːɾa̠ɡʲi]

Compound of 西洋(せいよう) (seiyō, “West”) + 柊(ヒイラギ) (hiiragi, “holly osmanthus”).

ja-compound

Ilex aquifolium
Ilex aquifolium#Translingual

Ilex aquifolium, English or European holly


柊黐

ja-noun

柊(ひいらぎ)黐(もち) or 柊黐(ヒイラギモチ) • (hiiragi mochi) ^(←ひひらぎもち (fifiragimoti) or ヒヒラギモチ (fifiragimoti)?)

柊黐 (canonical)
柊黐 (canonical)
hiiragi mochi (romanization)
fifiragimoti (romanization)
ひひらぎもち (hiragana historical)
ヒヒラギモチ (hiragana historical)

[çiːɾa̠ɡʲi mo̞t͡ɕi]

Compound of 柊(ヒイラギ) (hiiragi, “holly osmanthus”) + 黐(モチ) (mochi, short for 黐の木 (mochi no ki), “Ilex integra, mochi tree”).

ja-compound

short for <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">黐の木</i> (mochi no ki), “Ilex integra, mochi tree”

Synonym of 西洋柊 (seiyō hiiragi): Ilex aquifolium, English or European holly


犬黄楊

犬黄楊 (canonical)
犬黄楊 (canonical)
inutsuge (romanization)

Compound of 犬(いぬ) (inu, “dog”) + 黄楊(ツゲ) (tsuge, “Buxus microphylla”).


山茄子

山茄子 (canonical)
yamanasubi (romanization)

Literally, “mountain aubergine”, 山(やま) (yama, “mountain”) + 茄子(なすび) (nasubi, “aubergine, eggplant”)

Synonym of 朝鮮朝顔 (chōsen asagao, “devil's trumpet, Datura metel”)

朝鮮朝顔

Synonym of 夏黄櫨 (natsu haze, “Vaccinium oldhamii”)

(archaic) Synonym of 牡丹防風 (botan-bōfū, “coastal hog fennel, Peucedanum japonicum”)


唐松

Alternative spelling of 落葉松 (“Japanese larch”).


レモンバーム

[ɾe̞mõ̞mba̠ːmɯ̟]


纈草

ja-noun

纈(けっ)草(そう) or 纈草(ケッソウ) • (kessō)

纈草 (canonical)
纈草 (canonical)
kessō (romanization)

Synonym of 鹿の子草 (kanokosō, “Valeriana fauriei”)


四角豆

四(し)角(かく)豆(まめ) or 四角豆(シカクマメ) • (shikakumame)

四角豆 (canonical)
四角豆 (canonical)
shikakumame (romanization)

Literally, “square bean”, 四角(しかく) (shikaku) + 豆(まめ) (mame, “bean”)

ja-compound

winged bean, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus


八仙花

八仙(はっせん) (hassen, “Eight Immortals”) + 花(か) (ka, “flower”)

Synonym of 紫陽花 (ajisai, “big leaf hydrangea, Hydrangea macrophylla”)


藤擬き

藤擬き (canonical)
fuji modoki (romanization)

Daphne genkwa
Daphne genkwa#Translingual


薩摩藤

薩摩藤 (canonical)
satsuma fuji (romanization)


庭藤

summer wisteria, Chinese indigo, Indigofera decora


車軸草

ja-noun

車(しゃ)軸(じく)草(そう) or 車軸草(シャジクソウ) • (shajikusō) ^(←しやぢくさう (syadikusau) or シヤヂクサウ (syadikusau)?)

車軸草 (canonical)
車軸草 (canonical)
shajikusō (romanization)
syadikusau (romanization)
しやぢくさう (hiragana historical)
シヤヂクサウ (hiragana historical)

[ɕa̠ʑikɯ̟̊so̞ː]

From 車軸 (shajiku, “axle”) + 草 (sō, “grass”).

Trifolium lupinaster
Wikispecies:Trifolium lupinaster

ja:シャジクソウ ja:シャジクソウ属


午時花

午時花 (canonical)
午時花 (canonical)
gojika (romanization)

午時(ごじ) (goji, “hour of the horse, noon”) + 花(か) (ka, “flower”)

ja-compound

noon flower, scarlet mallow, Pentapetes phoenicea


白鮮

白鮮 (canonical)
白鮮 (canonical)
hakusen (romanization)


セコイア

Sequoia sempervirens
Sequoia sempervirens#Translingual


冬青

冬青 (canonical)
冬青 (canonical)
soyogo (romanization)


チェリモヤ

Borrowed from English cherimoya, ultimately from Quechua chirimuya.

Annona cherimola
Annona cherimola#Translingual

the cherimoya tree: a subtropical tree, Annona cherimola, native to mountainous areas of South America


柳蘭

柳蘭 (canonical)
柳蘭 (canonical)
yanagiran (romanization)

[ja̠na̠ɡʲiɾã̠ɴ]

柳(やなぎ) (yanagi, “willow”) + 蘭(らん) (ran, “orchid”)

rosebay willowherb, fireweed, Epilobium angustifolium


皇の花

皇の花 (canonical)
suberagi no hana (romanization)

From 天皇 (suberagi, a term of address to an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan) + の (no, attributive particle) + 花 (hana, “flower”).

com

Synonym of 牡丹 (botan): the Chinese tree peony, Paeonia × suffruticosa


三椏

三椏 (canonical)
三椏 (canonical)
mitsumata (romanization)

mitsumata, Edgeworthia chrysantha, Oriental paperbush

赤花三椏

赤花三椏 あかばなみつまた


菊桃

a variety of David's peach (Prunus davidiana var. potaninii)


蝗豆

Compound of 蝗 (inago, “locust”) + 豆 (mame, “bean”), calque of English locust bean.


唐実桜

ja-noun

唐(から)実(み)桜(ざくら) or 唐実桜(カラミザクラ) • (karamizakura)

唐実桜 (canonical)
唐実桜 (canonical)
karamizakura (romanization)

Chinese sour cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus)


ポーポー

ポーポー • (pōpō)

Asimina triloba
Asimina triloba#Translingual


花梨

花梨 (canonical)
花梨 (canonical)
karin (romanization)

ja:カリン (バラ科)
ja:カリン (マメ科)

Pseudocydonia sinensis
Pseudocydonia sinensis#Translingual

Pterocarpus indicus
Pterocarpus indicus#Translingual

narra, Burmese rosewood, Pterocarpus indicus


木天蓼

木天蓼 (canonical)
木天蓼 (canonical)
matatabi (romanization)


無窮花

[mɯ̟ɡɯ̟̃ɰ̃ɸa̠]

Hibiscus syriacus
Hibiscus syriacus#Translingual

(poetic) Synonym of 木槿 (mukuge, “Hibiscus syriacus”) (in the context of Korea; the hibiscus is the national flower of South Korea)


灰汁柴

灰汁柴 (canonical)
灰汁柴 (canonical)
akushiba (romanization)

Vaccinium japonicum, a species of cranberry


丁子

丁(ちょう)子(じ) or 丁子(チョウジ) • (chōji)

丁子 (canonical)
丁子 (canonical)
chōji (romanization)

Syzygium aromaticum
Syzygium aromaticum#Translingual


葵藿

葵(き)藿(かく) • (kikaku) ^(←きくわく (kikwaku)?)

葵藿 (canonical)
kikaku (romanization)
kikwaku (romanization)
きくわく (hiragana historical)

/kikʷaku/ → /kikaku/
From Middle Chinese 葵藿 (MC gjwij xwak), itself likely first attested from a poem by Jiang Yan.

(book 5, introduction to poem 864), text here
[...] 宜戀_レ主之誠、誠逾_二犬馬_一仰_レ德之心、心同_二葵藿_一。[...]
Yoroshi's yearning for his master is sincere, one exceeding that of a dog for its horse; looking up with virtue on his mind, that mind the same as if were Chinese mallows.

(by extension, figurative) an illustration of respect towards (or longing for) a lord or other person of high virtue (as if a mallow tilts itself towards the sun)


有明

From 有り (ari, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative”) and 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal”) forms of classical verb 有り (ari), “to exist”) + 明け (ake, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative”) forms of classical verb 明く (aku), “to open → to dawn”).

com

Allium schoenoprasum
Allium schoenoprasum#Translingual

(archaic women's speech) Synonym of 浅葱 (asatsuki): the chive, Allium schoenoprasum


伊吹

伊吹 (canonical)
伊吹 (canonical)
ibuki (romanization)


白玉椿

白玉椿 (canonical)
shiratama tsubaki (romanization)

白玉(しらたま) (shiratama, “white gem”) + 椿(つばき) (tsubaki, “camellia”)

ja-compound

Camellia japonica
Camellia japonica#Translingual

a white-flowered camellia, Camellia japonica


木蓮

木蓮 (canonical)
木蓮 (canonical)
mokuren (romanization)


紅檜

紅檜 (canonical)
紅檜 (canonical)
benihi (romanization)

Taiwan red cypress, Chamaecyparis formosensis


竜眼

ja-noun

竜(りゅう)眼(がん) or 竜眼(リュウガン) • (ryūgan)

竜眼 (canonical)
竜眼 (canonical)
ryūgan (romanization)


甘松

甘松(かんしょう) • (kanshō)


南蛮煙管

南蛮煙管(なんばんぎせる) or 南蛮煙管(ナンバンギセル) • (nanban-giseru)

南蛮煙管 (canonical)
南蛮煙管 (canonical)
nanban-giseru (romanization)

[nã̠mba̠ŋʲ ɡʲise̞ɾɯ̟]

Compound of 南蛮 (nanban, “southern barbarians”, in reference to the Spanish and Portuguese traders of the 1500s-1600s) + 煙管 (kiseru, “pipe”), perhaps from the way that the flower and stem are shaped roughly like a European smoking pipe. The kiseru changes to giseru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First attested in the 日本植物名彙 (Nihon Shokubutsu Meii, “Japanese Plant Names”), a reference work from 1884.

compound

Aeginetia indica: Indian broomrape or forest ghost flower


花水木

ja-noun

花(はな)水(みず)木(き) • (hanamizuki) ^(←はなみづき (fanamiduki)?)

花水木 (canonical)
hanamizuki (romanization)
fanamiduki (romanization)
はなみづき (hiragana historical)

Cornus florida
Cornus florida#Translingual

Cornus florida, the flowering dogwood, a species of flowering tree in the family Cornaceae native to eastern North America and northern Mexico.


かぼす

かぼす (canonical)
カボス (canonical)
kabosu (romanization)
かぼす (hiragana historical)


石楠花

石(しゃく)楠(な)花(げ) or 石楠花(シャクナゲ) • (shakunage) ^(←しやくなげ (syakunage)?)

石楠花 (canonical)
石楠花 (canonical)
shakunage (romanization)
syakunage (romanization)
しやくなげ (hiragana historical)

various rhododendron species of the subgenus Rhododendron subg. Hymenanthes


黄楊

黄楊 (canonical)
黄楊 (canonical)
tsuge (romanization)

Japanese box, Buxus microphylla var. japonica


久年母

久(く)年(ねん)母(ぼ) or 久年母(クネンボ) • (kunenbo) ^(←くねんぼ (kunenbo)?)

久年母 (canonical)
久年母 (canonical)
kunenbo (romanization)
くねんぼ (hiragana historical)

Citrus reticulata
Citrus reticulata#Translingual

mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata, syn. Citrus nobilis)


フゲンゾウ

Fugenzō (romanization)
Fugenzau (romanization)
フゲンザウ (historical katakana)

[ɸɯ̟ɡẽ̞nd͡zo̞ː]

普賢 (Fugen, “Samantabhadra”) + 象 (zō, “elephant”). See also 六牙の白象 (Rokuge no Byakuzō).


蓮華

蓮華 (canonical)
蓮華 (canonical)
renge (romanization)

Nelumbo nucifera
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:蓮華

From Middle Chinese 蓮華 (MC len hwae).
First cited in Japanese to a text from 940.

a kind of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) featuring the lotus in the design

short for 蓮華座 (rengeza, “lotus throne”), the lotus-shaped dais on which Buddhist statuary is placed

蓮華座

レンゲですくう

蓮華, レンゲ: short for 散り蓮華 (chiri renge, “a traditional Asian-style porcelain flat-bottomed soup spoon”)

Synonym of 紫雲英 (genge, “Astragalus sinicus (Chinese milkvetch)”)


檜葉

檜葉 (canonical)
檜葉 (canonical)
hiba (romanization)

Synonym of 翌檜 (asunaro, “false aborvitae, Thujopsis dolabrata”)


インジゴ

[ĩɲ̟d͡ʑiɡo̞]


木斛

ja-noun

木(もっ)斛(こく) or 木斛(モッコク) • (mokkoku) ^(←もくこく (mokukoku)?)

木斛 (canonical)
木斛 (canonical)
mokkoku (romanization)
mokukoku (romanization)
もくこく (hiragana historical)


九年母

九(く)年(ねん)母(ぼ) or 九年母(クネンボ) • (kunenbo) ^(←くねんぼ (kunenbo)?)

九年母 (canonical)
九年母 (canonical)
kunenbo (romanization)
くねんぼ (hiragana historical)

kunenbo (Citrus reticulata, syn. Citrus nobilis)


モロヘイヤ

→ English: moroheiya

Corchorus olitorius
Corchorus olitorius#Translingual


唐梨

唐梨 (canonical)
唐梨 (canonical)
karanashi (romanization)


霜柱

霜(しも)柱(ばしら) or 霜柱(シモバシラ) • (shimobashira)

霜柱 (canonical)
霜柱 (canonical)
shimobashira (romanization)

Literally, “frost pillar”, 霜(しも) (shimo, “frost”) + 柱(はしら) (hashira, “pillar”). The hashira changes to bashira as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

ja:シモバシラ ja:霜柱


熊葛

熊葛 (canonical)
kumatsuzura (romanization)

Verbena officinalis
Verbena officinalis#Translingual


凌霄花

ja-noun

凌霄花(のうぜんかずら) or 凌霄花(ノウゼンカズラ) • (nōzenkazura)

凌霄花 (canonical)
凌霄花 (canonical)
nōzenkazura (romanization)

[no̞ːzẽ̞ŋka̠zɨɾa̠]

Chinese trumpet vine
Chinese trumpet vine

Campsis grandiflora
Campsis grandiflora#Translingual

Chinese trumpet vine (Campsis grandiflora)


形見草

形見草 (canonical)
katamigusa (romanization)

Compound of 形見(かたみ) (katami, “keepsake”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Synonym of 銭葵 (zeniaoi, “common mallow”).

Synonym of 撫子 (nadeshiko, “carnation, pink”).

Synonym of 冬葵 (fuyuaoi, “Chinese mallow”).


銭葵

Malva sylvestris
Malva sylvestris#Translingual


木藍

木藍 (canonical)
木藍 (canonical)
kiai (romanization)

plants from the genus Indigofera　used in dyeing, more specifically Synonym of インド藍 (indo-ai, “Indigofera suffruticosa”)


小米草

小米草 (canonical)
kogomegusa (romanization)

Literally, “crushed rice grass”, 小米(こごめ) (kogome, “tiny crushed up bits of rice”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass, plant”)

伊吹小米草 伊吹小米草#Japanese

Synonym of 伊吹小米草 (Ibuki kogome-gusa, “Euphrasia insignis subsp. iinumae, a species of eyebright”)

伊吹小米草

伊吹小米草 イブキコゴメグサ

苔小米草

苔小米草 コケコゴメグサ

立小米草

立小米草 タチコゴメグサ

深山小米草

深山小米草 ミヤマコゴメグサ


米松

米松 (canonical)
米松 (canonical)
beimatsu (romanization)


苦草

苦草 (canonical)
苦草 (canonical)
nigakusa (romanization)

Teucrium japonicum, a species of germander


茶梅

Synonym of 山茶花 (sazanka, “Camellia sasanqua”)


蘇芳

ja-noun

蘇(す)芳(おう) or 蘇芳(スオウ) • (suō) ^(←すはう (sufau)?)

蘇芳 (canonical)
蘇芳 (canonical)
suō (romanization)
sufau (romanization)
すはう (hiragana historical)

Biancaea sappan
Biancaea sappan#Translingual


洋梨

洋梨 (canonical)
洋梨 (canonical)
yōnashi (romanization)

Pyrus communis
Pyrus communis#Translingual


黄蘗

From 黄(き) (ki, “yellow”) + 肌(はだ) (hada, “skin”), a reference to the bright yellow colour of the tree's inner bark. The second kanji 蘗 replaces 肌 as an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 黃蘗 /黄蘗 (huángbò), in Chinese more commonly written 黃檗／黄檗 (huángbò).

zh-l

黃檗／黄檗 (huángbò)

Phellodendron amurense
Phellodendron amurense#Translingual


黄蘗

Chinese 黃蘗 /黄蘗 (huángbò), in Chinese more commonly written 黃檗／黄檗 (huángbò).

黃檗／黄檗 (huángbò)

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

an extract of the bark of the Amur cork tree, used for its brilliant yellow colour as a dye and in traditional Chinese medicine


白松

白松 (canonical)
白松 (canonical)
shiromatsu (romanization)


青文字

ja-noun

青(あお)文(も)字(じ) or 青文字(アオモジ) • (aomoji) ^(←あをもじ (awomozi)?)

青文字 (canonical)
青文字 (canonical)
aomoji (romanization)
awomozi (romanization)
あをもじ (hiragana historical)


岩梨

岩梨 (canonical)
岩梨 (canonical)
iwanashi (romanization)

Epigaea asiatica
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:イワナシ

Superficially of 岩(いわ) (iwa, “stone”) + 梨(なし) (nashi, “pear”); compare synonyms 岩椿(いわつばき) (iwatsubaki, literally “stone camellia”), 砂苺(すないちご) (sunaichigo, literally “sand strawberry”). Attested from the 13th century.


連福草

ja-noun

連(れん)福(ぷく)草(そう) or 連福草(レンプクソウ) • (renpukusō)

連福草 (canonical)
連福草 (canonical)
renpukusō (romanization)


西洋榛

西(せい)洋(よう)榛(はしばみ) or 西洋榛(セイヨウハシバミ) • (seiyōhashibami)

西洋榛 (canonical)
西洋榛 (canonical)
seiyōhashibami (romanization)

Compound of 西洋(せいよう) (seiyō, “the West, Western”) + 榛(はしばみ) (hashibami, “hazel”)

ja-compound

Corylus avellana
Corylus avellana#Translingual


七竈

七竈 (canonical)
七竈 (canonical)
nanakamado (romanization)

西洋七竈

西洋七竈 せいようななかまど


令法

ja-noun

令(りょう)法(ぶ) or 令法(リョウブ) • (ryōbu) ^(←りやうぶ (ryaubu)?)

令法 (canonical)
令法 (canonical)
ryōbu (romanization)
ryaubu (romanization)
りやうぶ (hiragana historical)


蝋梅

蝋(ろう)梅(ばい) or 蝋梅(ロウバイ) • (rōbai) ^(←らふばい (rafubai)?)

蝋梅 (canonical)
蝋梅 (canonical)
rōbai (romanization)
rafubai (romanization)
らふばい (hiragana historical)

Lit. wax plum, 蝋(ろう) (rō, “wax”) + 梅(ばい) (bai, “plum”)


白髭草

白(しら)髭(ひげ)草(そう) or 白髭草(シラヒゲソウ) • (shirahigesō)

白髭草 (canonical)
白髭草 (canonical)
shirahigesō (romanization)

Literally, “'white whiskered grass”, 白髭(しらひげ) (shirahige, “white beard, white moustache”) + 草(そう) (sō, “grass”)


呉茱萸

呉茱萸 (canonical)
呉茱萸 (canonical)
goshuyu (romanization)

the fruit of Tetradium ruticarpum, used in traditional medicine


雪の下

ja-noun

雪(ゆき)の下(した) or 雪(ユキ)の下(シタ) • (yukinoshita)

雪の下 (canonical)
雪の下 (canonical)
yukinoshita (romanization)

Saxifraga stolonifera
Saxifraga stolonifera#Translingual

creeping saxifrage (Saxifraga stolonifera)


蔓梅擬

蔓(つる)梅(うめ)擬(もどき) or 蔓梅擬(ツルウメモドキ) • (tsurūmemodoki)

蔓梅擬 (canonical)
蔓梅擬 (canonical)
tsurūmemodoki (romanization)

round-leaved bittersweet, Celastrus orbiculatus


鉤葛

鉤(かぎ)葛(かずら) or 鉤葛(カギカズラ) • (kagikazura) ^(←かぎかづら (kagikadura)?)

鉤葛 (canonical)
鉤葛 (canonical)
kagikazura (romanization)
kagikadura (romanization)
かぎかづら (hiragana historical)

Literally, “hook vine”, compound of 鉤(かぎ) (kagi, “hook”) + 葛(かずら) (kazura, “vine, creeper”)


春女郎花

ja-noun

春(はる)女郎花(おみなえし) • (haruominaeshi) ^(←はるをみなえし (farwominaesi)?)

春女郎花 (canonical)
haruominaeshi (romanization)
farwominaesi (romanization)
はるをみなえし (hiragana historical)

Literally, “spring maiden-flower”, compound of 春(はる) (haru, “spring”) + 女郎花(おみなえし) (ominaeshi, “maiden-flower”)

ja-compound

Synonym of 鹿の子草 (kanokosō, “Valeriana fauriei”)


大葉女郎花

ja-noun

大(おお)葉(ば)女郎花(おみなえし) • (ōbaominaeshi) ^(←おほばをみなえし (ofobawominaesi)?)

大葉女郎花 (canonical)
ōbaominaeshi (romanization)
ofobawominaesi (romanization)
おほばをみなえし (hiragana historical)

Literally, “large leafed maiden flower”, compound of 大葉(おおば) (ōba, “large leaf”) + 女郎花(おみなえし) (ominaeshi, “maiden flower”)

ja-compound

丸葉金鈴花 丸葉金鈴花#Japanese

Synonym of 丸葉金鈴花 (marubakinreika, “swollen patrinia, Patrinia gibbosa”)