-one

head

-one m (plural -oni, feminine -ona, feminine plural -one)

-oni (plural)
-ona (feminine)
-one (feminine plural)

From Latin -ōnem.
Cognate to Spanish -ón, Portuguese -ão, and French -on (whence English -oon).

ragazzo (“boy”) + -one → ragazzone (“big boy”)

padre (“father”) + -one → padrone (“boss”)

bacio (“kiss”) + -one → bacione (“big kiss”)

dormire (“to sleep”) + -one → dormiglione (“sleepyhead”)

mangiare (“to eat”) + -one → mangione (“big eater”)

fare nulla (“to do nothing”) + -one → fannullone (“loafer”)

added mostly to verbs to create nouns denoting, "one who often does" or "one who is characterized by"; -er; -or


-ona

insalata (“salad”) + -ona → insalatona (“salad as main course”)


-é

used with a stem to form the third-person past historic of regular -ere verbs


-ità

it-noun

-ità f (noun-forming suffix, invariable)

From earlier Italian -itade ~ -itate, from Latin -itātem. Cognate with Sicilian -ità.

used to form abstract nouns that correspond to English words ending in -ity or -ness


-ese

it-adj

-ese (adjective-forming suffix, plural -esi)

it-noun

-ese m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -esi)

Inherited from Latin -ēnsem (“originating in”), whence also Italian -ense.

Libano (“Lebanon”) + -ese → libanese (“Lebanese”)

Cina (“China”) + -ese → cinese (“Chinese”)

sinistra (“left”) + -ese → sinistrese (“left-wing political jargon”)

giornalista (“journalist”) + -ese → giornalistese (“journalese”)


-ette

used with a stem to form the third-person singular past historic of regular -ere verbs.


-io

used with verb roots to derive nouns with durative, intensive or frequentative connotation; -le


-io

it-adj

-io (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ia, masculine plural -ii, feminine plural -ie)

-ia (feminine)
-ii (masculine plural)
-ie (feminine plural)
-ii (plural)


-io

-io (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ia, masculine plural -i or -ii, feminine plural -ie)

-ia (feminine)
-ii (-i masculine plural)
-ie (feminine plural)

added to nouns and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “having the quality of”; -y


-io

sgravàre (“to relieve, to lighten”) + -io → sgràvio (“relief, lightening”)

(uncommon) used with verb roots to derive simple deverbal nouns


-io

it-noun

-io m (noun-forming suffix, plural -i or -ii)

forms the name of chemical elements; -ium


-io

(Romanesco, archaic, Dantesque) used with a stem to form the third-person singular past historic of regular -ire verbs

...E poi annamio ar negozio a venne

...And then we used to go to the shop to sell

(Romanesco, dated) used with a stem to form the simple past of verbs


-cida

-cida m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, masculine plural -cidi, feminine plural -cide)

-cidi (masculine plural)
-cide (feminine plural)

From Latin -cīda, from the base of caedō (“to cut, strike, kill”).

-cide (denoting a person or substance that kills)


-cida

it-adj

-cida (adjective-forming suffix, masculine plural -cidi, feminine plural -cide)


-ade

it-noun

-ade f (noun-forming suffix, plural -adi)


-a

Inherited from Latin -a, from Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ (forms action nouns).

inh

used with a stem to form a feminine singular noun, usually a deverbal


-a

third-person singular
third-person singular#English

used, with a stem, to form the third-person singular present tense of -are verbs


-a

second-person singular
second-person singular#English

used, with a stem, to form the second-person singular imperative of -are verbs


-a

From Latin -(e/i)am, -(e/i)ās, -(e/i)at.

first-person singular
first-person singular#English

present subjunctive
present subjunctive#English

used, with a stem, to form the first-person singular, second-person singular and third-person singular present subjunctive of -ere verbs, and of those -ire verbs that do not insert -isc-


-a

used, with a stem, to form the third-person singular imperative of -ere verbs, and of those -ire verbs that do not insert -isc-


-o

Inherited from Latin -us, from Proto-Indo-European *-os (creates action nouns from verbs).

(productive) used with a stem to form a masculine singular noun, usually a deverbal


-o

it-pp

-o (past participle-forming suffix, feminine -a, masculine plural -i, feminine plural -e)

participle-forming suffix (past)
-a (feminine)
-e (feminine plural)

(not productive) used with a verb stem to form a past participle


-o

(productive) used with a stem to form the first-person singular present of regular are and ere verbs and those -ire verbs that do not take -isc-


-aro

it-noun

-aro m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ari, feminine -ara)

(dialectal, chiefly central Italy) alternative form of -aio


-e

used with a stem to form the third-person present of regular -ere verbs and those -ire verbs that don't take "isco"


-i

used with a stem to form the second-person singular present of regular -are, -ere verbs and those -ire verbs that do not take "isc"

used with a stem to form the second-person imperative of -ere verbs

used with a stem to form the first-, second- and third-person singular present subjunctive of -are verbs

used with a stem to form the third-person singular imperative of -are verbs


-i

There are two competing theories:
# From Latin -ī, nominative plural of masculine nouns in -us.
# From Latin -ōs, accusative plural of the same nouns, according to the sound change -os > -oi > -i (compare the pronoun vi).

used to form the plural of nouns ending in -o


-i

There are two competing theories:
# Formed analogically by borrowing the -i plural of Italian nouns in -o.
# Formed phonologically from the expected Latin nominative/accusative plural -ēs according to the sound change -es > -ei > -i (compare etymology 1 above).

used to form the plural of nouns ending in -e


-i

-i m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, invariable)

Perhaps from the Latin genitive singular ending -ī of masculine nouns in -us.

Giacomo (“James, Jacob”) + -i → Giacomi (surname)

Giacometto (“Jim, Jake”) + -i → Giacometti (surname)

ferraro (“smith”) + -i → Ferrari (surname)

forms surnames from proper names, occupations, etc.


-ingo

it-adj

-ingo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -inga, masculine plural -inghi, feminine plural -inghe)

it-noun

-ingo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -inghi)

-inga (feminine)
-inghi (masculine plural)
-inghe (feminine plural)
-inghi (plural)
-engo (alternative)

Via Vulgar Latin *-ingus, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz (“belonging to; coming from”).

der

solo (“alone”) + -ingo → solingo (“solitary”)

used to derive adjectives and nouns indicating a state or condition


-are

-àre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)
-àndo (gerund)
-ànte (participle present)
-àto (participle past)
-o (first-person indicative present singular)
-i (indicative present second-person singular)
-a (indicative present singular third-person)
-iàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
-àte (indicative plural present second-person)
-ano (indicative plural present third-person)
-àvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-àvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-àva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-avàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-avàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-àvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-ài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
-àsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
-ò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
-àmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
-àste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
-àrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
-erò (first-person future indicative singular)
-erài (future indicative second-person singular)
-erà (future indicative singular third-person)
-erémo (first-person future indicative plural)
-eréte (future indicative plural second-person)
-erànno (future indicative plural third-person)
-erèi (conditional first-person singular)
-erésti (conditional second-person singular)
-erèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
-erébbe (conditional singular third-person)
-erémmo (conditional first-person plural)
-eréste (conditional plural second-person)
-erèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
-erébbero (conditional plural third-person)
-i (first-person present singular subjunctive)
-i (present second-person singular subjunctive)
-i (present singular subjunctive third-person)
-iàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
-iàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
-ino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
-àssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-àssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-àsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-àssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-àste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-àssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-a (imperative second-person singular)
-i (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
-iàmo (first-person imperative plural)
-àte (imperative plural second-person)
-ino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
non -àre (imperative negative second-person singular)
non -i (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
non -iàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
non -àte (imperative negative plural second-person)
non -ino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

the infinitive ending of most regular verbs; also, a productive suffix forming new verbs from nouns


-are

it-adj

-are (adjective-forming suffix, plural -ari)

suffix forming adjectives, often specifically relational adjectives, from nouns


-ico

-ico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ica, masculine plural -ici, feminine plural -iche)

-ica (feminine)
-ici (masculine plural)
-iche (feminine plural)


-abile

-abile (adjective-forming suffix, plural -abili)

Borrowed from Latin -ābilis. See also -evole.


-algia

it-noun

-algia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -algie)

Borrowed from Latin -algia, from Ancient Greek ἄλγος (álgos, “pain”).


-ide

it-adj

-ide (adjective-forming suffix, plural -idi)

From Latin -idēs m (patronymic suffix; plural: -idae), from Ancient Greek -ίδης m (-ídēs, patronymic suffix; plural: -ίδαι (-ídai)).

der

patronymic suffix; plural: <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">-idae</i>

patronymic suffix; plural: <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">-ίδαι</i> (-ídai)

Abbas (“Abbas”) + -ide → abbaside (“Abbasid”)


-ide

it-noun

-ide m (noun-forming suffix, plural -idi)

alligatore (“alligator”) + -ide → alligatoride (“alligatorid”)


-ide

-ide f (noun-forming suffix, plural -idi)

From Latin -is f (genitive: -idis), from Ancient Greek -ῐς f (-ĭs) (genitive: -ῐδος (-ĭdos); plural: -ῐδες (-ĭdes)).

titano (“Titan”) + -ide → titanide (“Titanid”)

Nereo (“Nereus”) + -ide → nereide (“Nereid”)

(mythology) -id (feminine equivalent or descendant)

Enea (“Aeneas”) + -ide → Eneide (“Aeneid”)

Perseo (“Perseus”) + -ide → perseide (“Perseid”)


-oma

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -ωμα (-ōma).

(pathology) -oma (forms the names of tumours or masses)


-lite

From Ancient Greek λίθος (líthos, “stone”).


-issimo

it-adj

-issimo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -issima, masculine plural -issimi, feminine plural -issime)

-issima (feminine)
-issimi (masculine plural)
-issime (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin -issimus. Compare Spanish -ísimo and Portuguese -íssimo which are partly based on the Italian forms.

buono (“good”) + -issimo → buonissimo (“as good as it gets, extremely good”)

grave (“serious”) + -issimo → gravissimo (“very serious”)

consigliato (“recommended”) + -issimo → consigliatissimo (“highly recommended”)

sconsigliato (“not recommended, inadvisable”) + -issimo → sconsigliatissimo (“lowly recommended, highly inadvisable”)

primo (“first”) + -issimo → primissimo (“very first”)

absolute superlative
absolute superlative#English

added to adjectives to form absolute superlatives


-issimo

bene (“well”) + -issimo → benissimo (“very well”)

spesso (“often”) + -issimo → spessissimo (“very often”)

piano (“softly”) + -issimo → pianissimo (“very softly”)

lentamente (“slowly”) + -issimo → lentissimamente (“very slowly”)

velocemente (“fastly”) + -issimo → velocissimamente (“very fastly”)

added to adverbs to form absolute superlatives


-issimo

it-noun

-issimo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -issimi)

poltrona (“seat”) + -issima → poltronissima (“front row seat”)

finale (“final”) + -issima → finalissima (“grand final”)

(often humorous) added to some nouns to form extremes


-issimo

salire + -issimo → salissimo (“that we be raised, gone up, etc; that we have risen, gone up”)

first-person plural
first-person plural#English

imperfect subjunctive
imperfect subjunctive#English

added to the stem of verbs ending in -ire to form the first-person plural imperfect subjunctive tense


-ista

-ista m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, masculine plural -isti, feminine plural -iste)

-isti (masculine plural)
-iste (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs).


-ite

used with a stem to form the feminine plural past participle of regular -ire verbs

used with a stem to form the second-person plural present and imperative of regular -ire verbs


-ate

Feminine plural of -ato. From Latin -ātās, feminine accusative plural of -ātus.

used with a suffix to form the feminine plural past participle of regular -are verbs


-ate

common suffix of various towns in Lombardy, that usually indicates belonging to a person or a family


-ate

From Latin -ātis (second-person plural present active indicative ending). The imperative comes from Latin -ate.

inh

used with a stem to form the second-person plural present and imperative of regular -are verbs


-ei

From Vulgar Latin hĕbui / (h)ĕ(bu)i, which stems from classical Latin habuī, first-person singular perfect of habeō.
See -erei.

used with a stem to form the first-person singular past historic of regular -ere verbs


-aria

Borrowed from Latin -āria, feminine of -ārius. Compare the inherited doublet -aia.


-ina

it-noun

-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ine)

mano (“hand”) + -ina → manina (“small hand”)

coperta (“blanket”) + -ina → copertina (“cover”)

inflectional suffix used to form diminutives of feminine nouns

eroe (“hero”) + -ina → eroina (“heroine”)

Giuseppe + -ina → Giuseppina

used to form the feminine of masculine nouns and given names

cinquanta (“fifty”) + -ina → cinquantina (“a total of about fifty”)

Croce Rossa (“Red Cross”) + -ina → crocerossina (“Red Cross nurse”)

used to derive nouns denoting a profession

Alessandria (“Alessandria; Alexandria”) + -ina → alessandrina (“female native or inhabitant of Alessandria or Alexandria”)

used to derive nouns denoting an ethnic or geographical origin

used to derive adjectives denoting composition, color or other qualities


-ina

smeraldo (“emerald”) + -ina → smeraldina (“emerald (relational; feminine singular); emerald green (feminine singular)”)

feminine singular of -ino (suffix forming relational adjectives and demonyms)


-ina

(chemistry) used to form names of chemical substances; -ine


-mente

Attaches to an adjective in the feminine singular to form the corresponding adverb.


-mento

-mento m (noun-forming suffix, plural -menti)

From Latin -mentum, -amentum, from Latin -menta.

cambiare (“to change”) + -mento → cambiamento (“change (abstract)”)

versare (“to pour”) + -mento → versamento (“pouring”)

forms nouns that represent the action of a related verb


-astro

-astro m (noun-forming suffix, plural -astri, feminine -astra)

From Latin -astrum, accusative singular of -aster.
Cognate to French -âtre and Spanish -astro.

giovine (“young”) + -astro → giovinastro (“youngster”)

poeta (“poet”) + -astro → poetastro (“poetaster”)

fratello (“brother”) + -astro → fratellastro (“stepbrother”)

sorella (“sister”) + -astra → sorellastra (“stepsister”)

figlio (“son”) + -astro → figliastro (“stepson”)


-astro

it-adj

-astro (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -astra, masculine plural -astri, feminine plural -astre)

-astra (feminine)
-astri (masculine plural)
-astre (feminine plural)

bianco (“white”) + -astro → biancastro (“whitish”)

nero (“black”) + -astro → nerastro (“blackish”)


-ile

it-noun

-ile m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ili)

From Latin -īle (forming names of enclosures for animals; more generally, forming names of places where certain goods are stored).

inh

campana (“bell”) + -ile → campanile (“bell tower”)

porco (“pig”) + -ile → porcile (“pigsty”)

fieno (“hay”) + -ile → fienile (“hayloft”)

used to form nouns indicating locations that host animals or objects


-ile

it-adj

-ile (adjective-forming suffix, plural -ili)

(no longer productive) -ile (tending to or capable of)


-ai

From Latin -āvī, via -āī.
Example: Italian lodai, from Latin laudāvī.

used with a stem to form the first-person singular past historic of -are verbs


-ino

it-noun

-ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ini, feminine -ina)

-ini (plural)
-ina (feminine)
-lino (alternative)

gatto (“cat”) + -ino → gattino (“kitten”)

ciabatta (“slipper”) + -ino → ciabattino (“shoe repairer”, “cobbler”)

Alessandria (“resident or native of Alessandria or Alexandria”) + -ino → alessandrino

used to indicate an ethnic or geographical origin

lavanda (“wash”, noun) + -ino → lavandino (“washbasin”)


-ino

it-adj

-ino (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ina, masculine plural -ini, feminine plural -ine)

-ina (feminine)
-ini (masculine plural)
-ine (feminine plural)
-lino (alternative)

Alessandria (“of Alessandria or Alexandria”) + -ino → alessandrino

smeraldo (“emerald”) + -ino → smeraldino (“emerald (relational); emerald green”)


-ino

used with a stem to form the third-person plural present subjunctive and imperative of regular -are verbs


-ere

it-verb

-ére (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular past historic -étti or (traditional) -ètti or -éi, past participle -ùto, auxiliary avére or èssere)

-ére (canonical)
-o (first-person present singular)
-étti (first-person historic past singular)
-ètti (first-person historic past singular traditional)
-éi (first-person historic past singular)
-ùto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)
-ére (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)
-èndo (gerund)
-ènte (participle present)
-ùto (participle past)
-o (first-person indicative present singular)
-i (indicative present second-person singular)
-e (indicative present singular third-person)
-iàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
-éte (indicative plural present second-person)
-ono (indicative plural present third-person)
-évo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-évi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-éva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-evàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-evàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-évano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-étti (first-person historic indicative past singular)
-ètti (Traditional first-person historic indicative past singular)
-éi (first-person historic indicative past singular)
-ésti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
-étte (historic indicative past singular third-person)
-ètte (Traditional historic indicative past singular third-person)
-é (historic indicative past singular third-person)
-émmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
-éste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
-éttero (historic indicative past plural third-person)
-èttero (Traditional historic indicative past plural third-person)
-érono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
-erò (first-person future indicative singular)
-erài (future indicative second-person singular)
-erà (future indicative singular third-person)
-erémo (first-person future indicative plural)
-eréte (future indicative plural second-person)
-erànno (future indicative plural third-person)
-erèi (conditional first-person singular)
-erésti (conditional second-person singular)
-erèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
-erébbe (conditional singular third-person)
-erémmo (conditional first-person plural)
-eréste (conditional plural second-person)
-erèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
-erébbero (conditional plural third-person)
-a (first-person present singular subjunctive)
-a (present second-person singular subjunctive)
-a (present singular subjunctive third-person)
-iàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
-iàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
-ano (plural present subjunctive third-person)
-éssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-éssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-ésse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-éssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-éste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-éssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-i (imperative second-person singular)
-a (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
-iàmo (first-person imperative plural)
-éte (imperative plural second-person)
-ano (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
non -ére (imperative negative second-person singular)
non -a (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
non -iàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
non -éte (imperative negative plural second-person)
non -ano (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

Inherited from Latin -ēre (second conjugation).

stem, to form the infinitive of some Italian verbs


-ere

Inherited from Latin -ere (third conjugation).

ridire

despite ending in -ire, these verbs are conjugated similarly to verbs ending in -ere

trasdurre

despite ending in -urre, these verbs are conjugated similarly to verbs ending in -ere

tumefare

despite ending in -are, these verbs are conjugated similarly to verbs ending in -ere

ritrasporre

despite ending in -orre, these verbs are conjugated similarly to verbs ending in -ere

sottrarre

despite ending in -arre, these verbs are conjugated similarly to verbs ending in -ere


-ere

it-noun

-ere m (noun-forming suffix, plural -eri, feminine -era)


-ire

-ìre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)
-èndo (gerund)
-ènte (participle present)
-ìto (participle past)
-ìsco (first-person indicative present singular)
-ìsci (indicative present second-person singular)
-ìsce (indicative present singular third-person)
-iàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
-ìte (indicative plural present second-person)
-ìscono (indicative plural present third-person)
-ìvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-ìvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-ìva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-ivàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-ivàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-ìvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-ìi (first-person historic indicative past singular)
-ìsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
-ì (historic indicative past singular third-person)
-ìmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
-ìste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
-ìrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
-irò (first-person future indicative singular)
-irài (future indicative second-person singular)
-irà (future indicative singular third-person)
-irémo (first-person future indicative plural)
-iréte (future indicative plural second-person)
-irànno (future indicative plural third-person)
-irèi (conditional first-person singular)
-irésti (conditional second-person singular)
-irèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
-irébbe (conditional singular third-person)
-irémmo (conditional first-person plural)
-iréste (conditional plural second-person)
-irèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
-irébbero (conditional plural third-person)
-ìsca (first-person present singular subjunctive)
-ìsca (present second-person singular subjunctive)
-ìsca (present singular subjunctive third-person)
-iàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
-iàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
-ìscano (plural present subjunctive third-person)
-ìssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-ìssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-ìsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-ìssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-ìste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-ìssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-ìsci (imperative second-person singular)
-ìsca (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
-iàmo (first-person imperative plural)
-ìte (imperative plural second-person)
-ìscano (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
non -ìre (imperative negative second-person singular)
non -ìsca (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
non -iàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
non -ìte (imperative negative plural second-person)
non -ìscano (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
-ìre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)
-èndo (gerund)
-ènte (participle present)
-ìto (participle past)
-o (first-person indicative present singular)
-i (indicative present second-person singular)
-e (indicative present singular third-person)
-iàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
-ìte (indicative plural present second-person)
-ono (indicative plural present third-person)
-ìvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-ìvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-ìva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-ivàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-ivàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-ìvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-ìi (first-person historic indicative past singular)
-ìsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
-ì (historic indicative past singular third-person)
-ìmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
-ìste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
-ìrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
-irò (first-person future indicative singular)
-irài (future indicative second-person singular)
-irà (future indicative singular third-person)
-irémo (first-person future indicative plural)
-iréte (future indicative plural second-person)
-irànno (future indicative plural third-person)
-irèi (conditional first-person singular)
-irésti (conditional second-person singular)
-irèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
-irébbe (conditional singular third-person)
-irémmo (conditional first-person plural)
-iréste (conditional plural second-person)
-irèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
-irébbero (conditional plural third-person)
-a (first-person present singular subjunctive)
-a (present second-person singular subjunctive)
-a (present singular subjunctive third-person)
-iàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
-iàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
-ano (plural present subjunctive third-person)
-ìssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-ìssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-ìsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-ìssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-ìste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-ìssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-i (imperative second-person singular)
-a (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
-iàmo (first-person imperative plural)
-ìte (imperative plural second-person)
-ano (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
non -ìre (imperative negative second-person singular)
non -a (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
non -iàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
non -ìte (imperative negative plural second-person)
non -ano (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

used, with a stem, to form the infinitive of some Italian verbs


-trice

used to form the feminine of nouns and adjectives ending in -tore


-esco

French: -esque

English: -esque

German: -esk

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-iskos
Proto-Germanic *-iskaz
Proto-West Germanic *-iskbor.
Vulgar Latin -iscus
Italian -esco
From Late Latin, Vulgar Latin -iscus.
Cognates: see Proto-Germanic *-iskaz.

etymon

Dante (“the poet Dante Alighieri”) + -esco → dantesco (“Dantesque”)

forms adjectives (sometimes used as nouns) that indicate relationship, membership, quality


-aceo

it-adj

-aceo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -acea, masculine plural -acei, feminine plural -acee)

-acea (feminine)
-acei (masculine plural)
-acee (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin -acĕus. Compare Italian -accio.

perla (“pearl”) + -aceo → perlaceo (“pearly”)

carta (“paper”) + -aceo → cartaceo (“paper (relational)”)

erba (“grass”) + -aceo → erbaceo (“herbaceous”)

added to nouns to form adjectives to denote "made out of" or "resembling"; -aceous


-aggine

it-noun

-aggine f (noun-forming suffix, plural -aggini)

From Latin -aginem, accusative singular of -ago.

cocciuto (“stubborn”) + -aggine → cocciutaggine (“(act of) stuborness”)

lezioso (“affected”) + -aggine → leziosaggine (“affectation”)

stupido (“stupid”) + -aggine → stupidaggine (“(act of) stupidity”)

added to adjectives to form nouns denoting a quality, typically negative; -cy, -ness


-ita

colpire (“to hit, to strike”) + -ita → colpita (“hit, struck”)

feminine singular of -ito; forms the feminine singular past participle of regular -ire verbs


-ita

-ita f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ite)

Nominalization of the past participle form of Etymology 1.

dormire (“to sleep”) + -ita → dormita (“nap, sleep”, noun)

uscire (“to go out, exit”) + -ita → uscita (“exit”, noun)

used to form verbal nouns, derived from regular -ire verbs, expressing an instance of the action expressed by the verb; -th, -ness, -hood


-ita

Learned variant of the suffix in Etymology 2, added especially to -ere verbs, with antepenultimate stress in imitation of Latin past participles such as habĭtus from habēre (“to have”).

crescere (“to grow”) + -ita → crescita (“growth”)

nascere (“to be born”) + -ita → nascita (“birth”)

used to form verbal nouns, especially from -ere verbs; -th, -ness, -hood


-ita

it-adj

-ita (adjective-forming suffix, masculine plural -iti, feminine plural -ite)

it-noun

-ita m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, masculine plural -iti, feminine plural -ite)

-iti (masculine plural)
-ite (feminine plural)
-iti (masculine plural)
-ite (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin -īta, from Ancient Greek -ίτης (-ítēs).

Gesù (“Jesus”) + -ita → gesuita (“Jesuit”)

Vietnam + -ita → vietnamita (“Vietnamese”)

used to create adjectives and nouns that indicate "belonging to"; -ite


-ito

used with a stem to form the past participle of regular -ire verbs


-ema

-ema m (noun-forming suffix, plural -emi)


-ando

From Latin -andus. Compare Spanish and Portuguese -ando and Romanian -ând.

used with a stem to form the gerund of regular -are verbs


-ando

it-adj

-ando (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -anda, masculine plural -andi, feminine plural -ande)

it-noun

-ando m (noun-forming suffix, plural -andi, feminine -anda)

-ando -ando (canonical masculine)
-anda (feminine)
-andi (masculine plural)
-ande (feminine plural)
-andi (plural)

laureare (“to graduate”) + -ando → laureando (“about to graduate (adjective); university student about to graduate (noun)”)

radice (“root (mathematics)”) + -ando → radicando (“expression under a root sign”, literally “that which is to be radicated”)

used with a stem to derive nouns and adjectives with an idea of necessity, obligation, or imminence


-cito

-cito m (noun-forming suffix, plural -citi)


-iste

From Latin -īvistis (via -īsti).
Example: Italian finiste, from Latin finivistis.

used with a stem to form the second-person plural past historic and imperfect subjunctive of regular -ire verbs


-evole

it-adj

-evole (adjective-forming suffix, plural -evoli)

Inherited from Latin -ibilis, -ēbilis. Replaced -ābilis. The change from Latin /ĭ, ē/ to [o] appears to have been due to the velarizing influence of the following [ɫ] in early Tuscan. Cf. the toponym Montauto (from Latin montem + altum 'tall mountain') or the word topo (from Latin talpa 'mole'). Doublet of -ibile, which is found in terms borrowed from Latin. Compare Sicilian -ìvili.

incantare (“to enchant”) + -evole → incantevole (“enchanting”)

scherzare (“to kid”) + -evole → scherzevole (“playful”)

-y, -ery, -able, -ible; used to form adjectives from verbs denoting action, etc.


-esse

suffix forming the third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of -ere verbs


-voro

used to form masculine nouns analogous to -vore

used to form adjectives analogous to -vorous


-vora

used to form feminine nouns corresponding to -vore


-mania

-mania; Used to form feminine nouns describing forms of mania or addiction


-ismo

it-noun

-ismo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ismi)

attendere (“to wait”) + -ismo → attendismo (“wait-and-see doctrine”)

Trump + -ismo → trumpismo (“Trumpism”)

alcol (“alcohol”) + -ismo → alcolismo (“alcoholism”)

arcaico (“archaic”) + -ismo → arcaismo (“archaism”)

organo (“organ”) + -ismo → organismo (“organism”)

scacchi (“chess”) + -ismo → scacchismo (“chess play”)


-ne

Quelli è Iasón, che per cuore e per senno
li Colchi del monton privati féne.

1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XVIII”, in Inferno [Hell], lines 86–87; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2ⁿᵈ revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

That is Jason, who, through courage and wits, deprived the Colchians of the fleece.

La prima, che omo trovarao alcuna cosa scritta la quale se revederao avenire in simile, donne conoscerao che·llo ditto de Salamone ène vero. Dice Salamone: «Non è cosa nova sotto lo sole, ché cosa che pare nova stata è».

1350s, anonymous author, “Prologo e primo capitolo dove se demostra le rascione per le quale questa opera fatta fu [Preface and first chapter wherein the reason for which this work was made is shown]”, in Cronica [Chronicle]; republished as Giuseppe Porta, editor, Anonimo romano - Cronica, Adelphi, 1979, →ISBN:

The first one [reason] is that somebody will find in writing something which will be seen happening again in the same way; then, they will learn that Solomon's saying is true. Solomon says: "There are no new things under the sun, for a thing that appears new has [already] been".

(obsolete, chiefly poetry, now only dialectal) an epithetic syllable appended to oxytone words in order to make them paroxytone


-sene

used to form the infinitives of pronominal verbs, many of which have idiomatic usage


-ia

allegro (“cheerful”, “happy”) + -ia → allegria (“joy”, “happiness”)

tiranno (“tyrant”) + -ia → tirannia (“tyranny”)

derives abstract nouns denoting a state or condition from adjectives or nouns

compagno (“companion”) + -ia → compagnia (“company”)

borghese (“bourgeois”) + -ia → borghesia (“bourgeoisie”)

derives abstract nouns denoting a collective group or a social condition

andaluso (“Andalusian”) + -ia → Andalusia (“Andalusia”)

added to ethnonyms to derive place names

used to derive technical and scientific terms, especially from Ancient Greek terms


-ia

From Latin -ia, ultimately from the same source as above.

(no longer productive) derivative suffix


-ara

(dialectal, chiefly central Italy) alternative form of -aia


-ava

used with a stem to form the third-person imperfect of regular -are verbs


-ivo

it-adj

-ivo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -iva, masculine plural -ivi, feminine plural -ive)

it-noun

-ivo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ivi)

-iva (feminine)
-ivi (masculine plural)
-ive (feminine plural)
-ivi (plural)
-io (alternative)


-ivo

used with a stem to form the first-person singular imperfect of regular -ire verbs


-avo

used with a stem to form the first-person singular imperfect of regular -are verbs


-asse

used with a stem to form the third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of regular -are verbs


-essi

suffix forming the first-person singular and second-person singular imperfect subjunctive of -ere verbs


-ammo

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *-āvmus, from Latin -āvimus.

used with a stem to form the first-person plural past historic of regular -are verbs


-ano

used with a stem to form the third-person plural present tense of regular -are verbs

used with a stem to form the third-person plural present subjunctive of regular -ere and -ire verbs

used with a stem to form the third-person imperative of regular -ere and those -ire verbs that do not take -isc


-ano

it-adj

-ano (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ana, masculine plural -ani, feminine plural -ane)

it-noun

-ano m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ani, feminine -ana)

-ano -ano (canonical masculine)
-ana (feminine)
-ani (masculine plural)
-ane (feminine plural)
-ani (plural)

From Latin -ānus (adjectival derivational suffix).

inh

America (“America”) + -ano → americano (“American”)

Italia (“Italy”) + -ano → italiano (“Italian”)

(productive, relational) forms adjectives from locations, meaning “of, from or related to the location”

(productive) forms nouns from locations, meaning “someone from the location”


-ano

it-noun

-ano m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ani)

(organic chemistry) -ane (in the names of hydrocarbons)


-ante

present participle
present participle#English

used with a stem to form the present participle of regular -are verbs


-ante

it-adj

-ante (adjective-forming suffix, plural -anti)

it-noun

-ante m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -anti)

-ante -ante (by-personal-gender canonical feminine masculine)
-anti (plural)

abitare (“to inhabit”) + -ante → abitante (“inhabitant”)

cantare (“to sing”) + -ante → cantante (“singer”)

added to verbs to form agentive adjectives and agent nouns


-arono

From Latin -ārunt, short counterpart to -āvērunt. In the thirteenth century, the Italian form was -aro, which later was extended to -arono under the influence of verb endings like -ano and -ono.
Example: Italian lodarono, from Latin laudā(vē)runt.

used with a stem to form the third person plural past historic of regular -are verbs


-assero

used with a stem to form the third-person plural imperfect subjunctive of regular -are verbs


-assi

used with a stem to form the first-person and second-person singular imperfect subjunctive of regular -are verbs


-assimo

used with a stem to form the first-person plural imperfect subjunctive of regular -are verbs


-aste

From Latin -āstis, short counterpart to -āvistis. For example, Italian lodaste, < Latin laudā(vi)stis.

used with a stem to form the second-person past historic and imperfect subjunctive of regular -are verbs


-asti

From Latin -āstī, short counterpart to -āvistī. For example, Italian lodasti, < Latin laudā(vi)stī.

used with a stem to form the second-person singular past historic of regular -are verbs


-ata

trovare (“to find”) + -ata → trovata (“found”)

feminine singular of -ato; forms the feminine singular past participle of regular -are verbs


-ata

-ata f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ate)

→ Ligurian: -âta

telefonare (“to phone”) + -ata → telefonata (“phone call”)

nevicare (“to snow”) + -ata → nevicata (“snowfall, snow”)

used to form verbal nouns, derived from regular -are verbs, expressing an instance of the action expressed by the verb; -th, -ness, -hood

giorno (“daytime”) + -ata → giornata (“a day”)

mattina (“morning-time”) + -ata → mattinata (“a morning”)

used to form words, derived from nouns, meaning a period of time

cucchiaio (“spoon”) + -ata → cucchiaiata (“spoonful”)

forchetta (“fork”) + -ata → forchettata (“a forkful”)

used to form words, derived from nouns, corresponding to -ful (as much as something will hold)

coltello (“knife”) + -ata → coltellata (“stab”)

bastone (“stick”) + -ata → bastonata (“blow with a stick”)

used to form words, derived from nouns, meaning a blow with the named object

cretino (“stupid”) + -ata → cretinata (“a stupid action or thing, stupidity”)

scena (“scene”) + -ata → scenata (“row, scene”)

used to form nouns, derived from nouns with a negative connotation, expressing an action

cucciolo (“cub, puppy”) + -ata → cucciolata (“litter (of newborn animals)”)

fiaccola (“torch”) + -ata → fiaccolata (“torchlight procession”)

fiamma (“flame”) + -ata → fiammata (“burst of flames”)


-ati

Masculine plural of -ato; from Latin -ātī, masculine nominative plural of -ātus.

used with a stem to form the masculine plural past participle of regular -are verbs


-ato

it-pp

-ato (past participle-forming suffix, feminine -ata, masculine plural -ati, feminine plural -ate)

participle-forming suffix (past)
-ata (feminine)
-ati (masculine plural)
-ate (feminine plural)

From Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos.

used with a stem to form the past participle of regular -are verbs


-ato

it-noun

-ato m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ati)

apprendista (“apprentice”) + -ato → apprendistato (“apprenticeship”)

priore (“prior”, noun) + -ato → priorato (“priorate, office of a prior”)

a rank or office; -ate, -hood, -ship, -cy


-ato

it-adj

-ato (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ata, masculine plural -ati, feminine plural -ate)

-ata (feminine)
-ati (masculine plural)
-ate (feminine plural)

lobo (“lobe”) + -ato → lobato (“lobate, having lobes”)

palmo (“palm (of the hand)”) + -ato → palmato (“palmate, resembling a palm”)

forms adjectives having or resembling the specified thing


-ato

nitrico (“nitric”) + -ato → nitrato (“nitrate”)

(chemistry) a derivative of a specified element or compound; especially a salt or ester of an acid whose name ends in -ico; -ate


-avamo

used with a stem to form the first-person plural imperfect of regular -are verbs


-avano

used with a stem to form the third-person plural imperfect of regular -are verbs


-avate

used with a stem to form the second-person plural imperfect of regular -are verbs


-avi

used with a stem to form the second-person singular imperfect of regular -are verbs


-emmo

From Vulgar Latin *hebuimus, which stems from classical Latin habuimus, first-person plural perfect of habeō.
See -eremmo.

used with a stem to form the first-person plural past historic of regular -ere verbs


-endo

From Latin -endus, -iendus. Compare Spanish and Portuguese -iendo and Romanian -ind.

used with a stem to form the gerund of regular -ere and -ire verbs

used in some nouns and adjectives to express an idea of need or necessity


-ente

used with a stem to form the present participle of regular -ere and -ire verbs

used to form many adjectives whose form is the same in masculine and feminine


-erà

used with a stem to form the third-person singular future of regular -are and -ere verbs


-erai

used with a stem to form the second-person singular future of regular -are and -ere verbs


-eranno

used with a stem to form the third-person plural future of regular -are and -ere verbs


-erebbe

From -er- + -ebbe.
* -er- is the reduced form of the Italian infinitive endings -are and -ere.
* -ebbe stems from Vulgar Latin hĕbuit, which stems from classical Latin habuit, third-person singular perfect of habeō.
See -erei.

used with a stem to form the third-person singular conditional of regular -are and -ere verbs


-erebbero

From -er- + -ebbero.
* -er- is the reduced form of the Italian infinitive endings -are and -ere.
* -ebbero stems from Vulgar Latin hĕbuerunt, which stems from classical Latin habuērunt, third-person plural perfect of habeō.
See Italian -erei.

used with a stem to form the third-person plural conditional of regular -are and -ere verbs


-erei

From -er- + -ei.
* -er- is the reduced form of the Italian infinitive endings -are and -ere.
* -ei stems from Vulgar Latin hĕbui / (h)ĕ(bu)i, from classical Latin habuī, first-person singular perfect of habeō.
The Italian conditional mood stems from a Vulgar Latin periphrastic verb form consisting of infinitive + perfect of habere.
Example: Italian loderei (“I would praise”) stems from Vulgar Latin laudare + hĕbui.

used with a stem to form the first-person singular conditional of regular -are and -ere verbs


-eremmo

From -er- + -emmo.
* -er- is the reduced form of the Italian infinitive endings -are and -ere.
* -emmo stems from Vulgar Latin hĕbuimus, which stems from classical Latin habuimus, first-person plural perfect of habeō.
See -erei.

used with a stem to form the first-person plural conditional of regular -are and -ere verbs


-eremo

used with a stem to form the first-person plural future of regular -are and -ere verbs


-ereste

From -er- + -este.
* -er- is the reduced form of the Italian infinitive endings -are and -ere.
* -este stems from Vulgar Latin hĕbuistis, which stems from classical Latin habuistis, second-person plural perfect of habeō.
See Italian -erei.

used with a stem to form the second-person plural conditional of regular -are and -ere verbs


-eresti

From -er- + -esti.
* -er- is the reduced form of the Italian infinitive endings -are and -ere.
* -esti stems from Vulgar Latin hĕbuisti, which stems from classical Latin habuistī, second-person singular perfect of habeō.
See Italian -erei.

used with a stem to form the second-person singular conditional of regular -are and -ere verbs


-erete

used with a stem to form the second-person plural future of regular -are and -ere verbs


-erono

used with a stem to form the third-person past historic of regular -ere verbs


-erò

used with a stem to form the first-person singular future of regular -are verbs

used with a stem to form the first-person singular future of regular -ere verbs


-essero

used with a stem to form the third-person plural imperfect subjunctive of regular -ere verbs


-essimo

used with a stem to form the first-person plural imperfect subjunctive of regular -ere verbs


-este

From Vulgar Latin hĕbuistis, which stems from classical Latin habuistis, second-person plural perfect of habeō.
See -ereste.

used with a stem to form the second-person plural past historic and imperfect subjunctive of regular -ere verbs


-esti

From Vulgar Latin hĕbuisti, which stems from classical Latin habuistī, second-person singular perfect of habeō.
See -eresti.

used with a stem to form the second-person singular past historic of regular -ere verbs


-ete

used with a stem to form the second-person plural present and imperative of regular -ere verbs


-eva

used with a stem to form the third-person singular imperfect of regular -ere verbs


-evamo

used with a stem to form the first-person plural imperfect of regular -ere verbs


-evano

used with a stem to form the third-person plural imperfect of regular -ere verbs


-evate

used with a stem to form the second-person plural imperfect of regular -ere verbs


-evi

used with a stem to form the second-person singular imperfect of regular -ere verbs


-evo

used with a stem to form the first-person singular imperfect of regular -ere verbs


-iamo

From Latin -eāmus (first-person plural present subjunctive suffix of the e-conjugation) and -iāmus (same of the i-conjugation). Repurposed as general first-person plural suffix for all conjugations and moods. Compare the second-person plural -iate, where the distinction between the conjugations was also lost, but the form did not encroach on the indicative and imperative.

inh

used with a stem to form the first-person plural present, present subjunctive and imperative of regular -are, -ere and -ire verbs


-iate

used with a stem to form the second-person plural present subjunctive of regular -are, -ere and -ire verbs


-ii

From Latin -īvī (via -īī).
Example: Italian finii, from Latin finivi.

used with a stem to form the first-person singular past historic of regular -ire verbs


-immo

From Latin -īvimus (via -īvmus).
Example: Italian finimmo, from Latin finivimus.

used with a stem to form the first-person plural past historic of regular -ire verbs


-irai

used with a stem to form the second-person singular future of regular -ire verbs


-iranno

used with a stem to form the third-person plural future of regular -ire verbs


-irebbe

used with a stem to form the third-person singular conditional of regular -ire verbs


-irebbero

used with a stem to form the third-person plural conditional of regular -ire verbs


-irei

used with a stem to form the first-person singular conditional of regular -ire verbs


-iremmo

used with a stem to form the first-person plural conditional of regular -ire verbs


-iremo

used with a stem to form the first-person plural future of regular -ire verbs


-ireste

used with a stem to form the second-person plural conditional of regular -ire verbs


-iresti

used with a stem to form the second-person singular conditional of regular -ire verbs


-irete

used with a stem to form the second-person plural future of regular -ire verbs


-irono

From Latin -īverunt (via -īru). In the thirteenth century, the Italian form was -iro, which later was extended to -irono under influence of verb endings like -ano and -ono.
Example: Italian finirono, from Latin finiverunt.

used with a stem to form the third-person plural past historic of regular -ire verbs


-irà

used with a stem to form the third-person singular future of regular -ire verbs


-irò

used with a stem to form the first-person singular future of regular -ire verbs


-isca

used with a stem to form the first-, second- and third-person singular present subjunctive of most regular -ire verbs

used with a stem to form third-person singular imperative of most regular -ire verbs


-iscano

used with a stem to form the third-person plural present subjunctive and imperative of most regular -ire verbs


-isce

A form of the infix -isc-, from Latin -ēscō, in this case -ēscit. Cognates include Romanian -eşte, Spanish -ece.

used with a stem to form the third-person singular present of most regular -ire verbs


-isci

A form of the infix -isc-, from Latin -ēscō, in this case -ēscis. Cognates include Romanian -eşti, Spanish -eces.

used with a stem to form the second-person singular present of most regular -ire verbs


-isco

A form of the infix -isc-, from Latin -ēscō. Cognates include Romanian -esc, Spanish -ezco.

used with a stem to form the first-person singular present of most regular -ire verbs


-iscono

used with a stem to form the third-person plural of most regular -ire verbs


-isse

used with a stem to form the third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of regular -ire verbs


-issero

used with a stem to form the third-person plural imperfect subjunctive of regular -ire verbs


-issi

used with a stem to form the first- and second-person singular imperfect subjunctive of regular -ire verbs


-isti

From Latin -īvisti (via -īsti).
Example: Italian finisti, from Latin finivisti.

used with a stem to form the second-person past historic of regular -ire verbs


-iti

used with a stem to form the masculine plural past participle of regular -ire verbs


-iva

used with a stem to form the third-person singular imperfect of regular -ire verbs


-ivamo

used with a stem to form the first-person plural imperfect of regular -ire verbs


-ivano

used with a stem to form the third-person plural imperfect of regular -ire verbs


-ivate

used with a stem to form the second-person plural imperfect of regular -ire verbs


-ivi

used with a stem to form the second-person singular imperfect of regular -ire verbs


-ì

From Latin -īvit (via -īut and -ìo).
Example: Italian finì, from Latin finivit.

used with a stem to form the third-person singular past historic of regular -ire verbs


-ò

As the third person singular first conjugation past historic ending, from earlier -ao, from Vulgar Latin *-aut, from Classical Latin -āvit.
Example: Italian lodò, from Latin laudavit.
As the first person singular future indicative ending, from ho, first person singular of avere. Ho was contracted from expected *avo, from habeō, first person singular present indicative active of habēre.

used with a stem to form the third-person singular past historic of regular -are verbs

affixed to the infinitive to form the first-person singular future indicative of regular verbs


-ono

used with a stem to form the third-person plural present of regular -ere verbs and those -ire verbs that don't take -isc-.


-uta

it-noun

-uta f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ute)

bere (“to drink”) + -uta → bevuta (“drink”, noun)

cadere (“to fall”) + -uta → caduta (“fall”, noun)

spremere (“to squeeze”) + -uta → spremuta (“(fruit) juice”)


-ute

used with a stem to form the feminine plural past participle of regular -ere verbs


-uti

used with a stem to form the masculine plural past participle of regular -ere verbs


-uto

used with a stem to form the past participle of regular -ere verbs

punta (“point, tip”) + -uto → puntuto (“pointy, sharp”)

barba (“beard”) + -uto → barbuto (“bearded”)

naso (“nose”) + -uto → nasuto (“big nosed”)

occhiali (“glasses”) + -uto → occhialuto (“spectacled”)

pancia (“belly”) + -uto → panciuto (“(pot)bellied”)

used to form adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun; -ed


-uplo

used to form nouns representing tuples or tuplets, and the corresponding adjectives


-tore

it-adj

-tore (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -trice, masculine plural -tori, feminine plural -trici)

it-noun

-tore m (noun-forming suffix, plural -tori, feminine -trice)

-trice (feminine)
-tori (masculine plural)
-trici (feminine plural)
-tori (plural)
-trice (feminine)
-ore (alternative)

From Latin -tōrem, from Proto-Italic *-tōr, from Proto-Indo-European *-tōr < *-tor-s. Cognate to French -eur, -teur, Spanish -dor, Sicilian -turi.

comprare (“to buy”) + -tore → compratore (“buyer”)

vibrare (“to vibrate”) + -tore → vibratore (“vibrator”)

giocare (“to play”) + -tore → giocatore (“player”)

added to verbs to form masculine nouns and adjectives from verbs with the sense of "person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, or having"; -er; -or


-ellino

-ellino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ellini)

gonna (“skirt”) + -ellino → gonnellino (“short skirt, kilt”)

used as a diminutive to form nouns with an added meaning of small, little, short etc.


-ellina

-ellina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -elline)

forms diminutives of feminine nouns, i.e. with an added meaning of small, little, short etc.


-logia

From Latin -logia, from Ancient Greek -λογία (-logía).


-etto

form -etta (feminine)
-otto (alternative)

nonno (“grandfather”) + -etto → nonnetto (“grandpa”)

cassa (“box”) + -etto → cassetto (“drawer”)

bosco (“the woods”) + -etto → boschetto (“grove”)

suffix used to form melioratives, diminutives, and hypocoristics


-eta

-eta f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ete)

From Latin -ēta, plural of -ētum. Compare -eto.

sughera (“cork oak”) + -eta → sughereta (“cork oak forest”)

ulivo (“olive, olive tree”) + -eta → uliveta (“olive grove”)


-scopia

From Ancient Greek σκοπιά (skopiá), from σκοπέω (skopéō, “I look, look at, examine”).


-scopio

From Latin -scopium, based on Ancient Greek σκοπέω (skopéō, “I look, look at, examine”).


-istico

it-adj

-istico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -istica, masculine plural -istici, feminine plural -istiche)

-istica (feminine)
-istici (masculine plural)
-istiche (feminine plural)

From -ist(a) (“-ist”, nominal derivational suffix) + -ico (“-ic”, adjectival derivational suffix).


-iere

it-noun

-iere m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ieri, feminine -iera)

-ieri (plural)
-iera (feminine)
-ere (alternative)

Borrowed from Old French -ier, from Latin -arius. Doublet of the inherited suffix -aio and -aro. Cognate with Sicilian -eri.

giardino (“garden”) + -iere → giardiniere (“gardener”)

gioiello (“jewel”) + -iere → gioielliere (“jeweller”)

used to form masculine nouns (often of French origin) that represent a person who makes or sells a specified article; -er, -or


-iera

-iera f (noun-forming suffix, plural -iere, masculine -iero)

cartuccia (“cartridge”) + -iera → cartucciera (“cartridge box”)

dente (“tooth”) + -iera → dentiera (“dentures”)

scacchi (“chess”) + -iera → scacchiera (“chessboard”)

added to nouns to form other concrete nouns; -er; -or


-iera

-iera f (noun-forming suffix, plural -iere, masculine -iere)


-osi

From Ancient Greek -ωσις (-ōsis, “abnormal condition or state”).


-mane

-mane, -maniac; Used to form adjectives and nouns describing sufferers of a mania


-emia

it-noun

-emia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -emie)


-penia

From Ancient Greek πενία (penía, “poverty, lack”).


-edro

it-noun

-edro m (noun-forming suffix, plural -edri)

poli- (“poly-”) + -edro → poliedro (“polyhedron”)

penta- (“penta-”) + -edro → pentaedro (“pentahedron”)


-filia

From Ancient Greek φιλία (philía, “friendship, affection, love”).


-olo

it-noun

-olo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -oli, feminine -ola)

figlio (“son”) + -olo → figliolo (“sonny”)

quercia (“oak”) + -olo → querciolo (“young oak”)

used to form a diminutive of a masculine noun, indicating small size or youth


-olo

it-adj

-olo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ola, masculine plural -oli, feminine plural -ole)

-ola (feminine)
-oli (masculine plural)
-ole (feminine plural)

campagna (“countryside”) + -olo → campagnolo (“rural”)

montagna (“mountain”) + -olo → montagnolo (“highlander”)

used to form an adjective expressing derivation from a root noun

Spagna (“Spain”) + -olo → spagnolo (“Spanish”)


-olo

Inherited from Latin -ulus. Compare adjectives piccolo and ridicolo.

corda (“rope; string”) + -olo → cordolo (“kerb”)

brocco (“branch stump”) + -olo → broccolo (“broccoli”)


-olo

it-noun

-olo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -oli)

Depending on the meaning, from the ending of alcol (“alcohol”) or a learned borrowing from Latin oleum (“oil”). Doublet of olio.

lbor

etano (“ethane”) + -olo → etanolo (“ethanol”)

fenico (“phenolic”) + -olo → fenolo (“phenol”)

(organic chemistry) -ol (forming the names of alcohols and phenols)

timo (“thyme”) + -olo → timolo (“thymol”)

(organic chemistry) composed with an oil or oil-like substance

(organic chemistry) indicating a heterocycle that is not an alcohol and does not have an oil

used to form many product names of chemicals and pharmaceuticals


-fobia

From Ancient Greek -φοβία (-phobía), combining form of φόβος (phóbos, “fear”).


-ectomia

it-noun

-ectomia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ectomie)

From the Ancient Greek ἐκτομή (ektomḗ, “a cutting out of”), from ἐκτέμνω (ektémnō, “to cut out”), from ἐκ (ek, “out”) + τέμνω (témnō, “to cut”).


-lalia

From Ancient Greek λαλιᾱ́ (laliā́, “talk, chat”, noun).


-edrico

it-adj

-edrico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -edrica, masculine plural -edrici, feminine plural -edriche)

-edrica (feminine)
-edrici (masculine plural)
-edriche (feminine plural)


-ella

it-noun

-ella f (noun-forming suffix, plural -elle)

busta (“envelope”) + -ella → bustarella (“small envelope, bribe”)

used with female nouns to form diminutives


-filo

From Ancient Greek φίλος (phílos, “beloved, loving”).


-fono

From Ancient Greek -φωνος (-phōnos), from φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).


-grafo

From Ancient Greek -γράφος (-gráphos), from the verb γράφω (gráphō, “I write”).


-logico

it-adj

-logico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -logica, masculine plural -logici, feminine plural -logiche)

-logica (feminine)
-logici (masculine plural)
-logiche (feminine plural)


-logo

-logist, -ist, -er (member of a profession etc.)


-mante

it-noun

-mante m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -manti)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μάντις (mántis, “prophet, soothsayer”).


-metria

Borrowed from Latin -metria, from Ancient Greek -μετρία (-metría), from μέτρον (métron, “measurement”) + -ια (-ia, “-y: forming abstract nouns”)


-metro

From Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure”).


-osio

Borrowed from French -ose, from Latin -ōsus (whence also -oso).


-fagia

it-noun

-fagia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -fagie)

Internationalism, ultimately from Ancient Greek -φαγία (-phagía).


-fago

From Latin -phagus, from Ancient Greek φάγος (phágos, “glutton”), from φαγεῖν (phageîn, “to eat”).


-lito

From Ancient Greek λίθος (líthos, “stone”).


-geno

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -γενής (-genḗs).


-ibile

it-adj

-ibile (adjective-forming suffix, plural -ibili)

Probably borrowed from Latin -ibilis. Compare the inherited doublet -evole.


-grafia

it-noun

-grafia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -grafie)


-bio

-bio m (noun-forming suffix, plural -bi)


-forme

From Latin -fōrmis, from fōrma (“form”).


-aio

-aio m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ai, feminine -aia)

-ai (plural)
-aia (feminine)
-aro (alternative dialectal)

From Latin -ārius. Compare the borrowed doublet -ario, as well as -iere, borrowed from (Old) French.
Example: Italian operaio, from Latin operārius.

forno (“oven”) + -aio → fornaio (“baker”)

pecora (“sheep”) + -aio → pecoraio (“shepherd”)

macello (“slaughterhouse”) + -aio → macellaio (“butcher”)

formica (“ant”) + -aio → formicaio (“anthill”)

ghiaccio (“ice”) + -aio → ghiacciaio (“iceberg”)

letame (“dung”) + -aio → letamaio (“dunghill”)

added to nouns to form nouns of mass or collection


-eria

-eria f (noun-forming suffix, plural -erie)

gelato (“ice cream”) + -eria → gelateria (“ice cream shop”)

stiro (“ironing”) + -eria → stireria (“ironing place”)

added to nouns to form other nouns meaning "place of" (an art, craft, or practice)

furbo (“sly”) + -eria → furberia (“act of slyness”)

poltrona (“couch”) + -eria → poltroneria (“sluggishness”)

argento (“silver”) + -eria → argenteria (“silverware”)

cavallo (“horse”) + -eria → cavalleria (“cavalry”)

-ery (class, group, or classification of)


-iero

it-adj

-iero (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -iera, masculine plural -ieri, feminine plural -iere)

-iera (feminine)
-ieri (masculine plural)
-iere (feminine plural)


-ificio

it-noun

-ificio m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ifici)

From derivates of faciō (“to make, do”) with the -ium suffix; e.g. beneficium.

pane (“bread”) + -ificio → panificio (“bakery”)

lana (“wool”) + -ificio → lanificio (“wool mill”, “wool factory”)


-cardia

Formed on Ancient Greek κᾰρδῐ́ᾱ (kărdĭ́ā, “heart”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming abstract nouns), equivalent to card- (as in cardiaco, cardio-) + -ia.


-cefalo

it-adj

-cefalo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -cefala, masculine plural -cefali, feminine plural -cefale)

-cefala (feminine)
-cefali (masculine plural)
-cefale (feminine plural)

-cephalic (having the specified type of head or number of heads)


-cefalo

it-noun

-cefalo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -cefali)

-cephalic (person having the specified type of head or number of heads)


-morfo

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek -μορφος (-morphos), from μορφή (morphḗ, “shape, fashion, appearance”).


-calco

used in the names of several alloys of copper


-cino

it-noun

-cino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -cini)

camion (“truck”) + -cino → camioncino (“van”)

bastone (“stick”) + -cino → bastoncino (“chopstick”)

lume (“light”) + -cino → lumicino (“faint light; funereal candle”)

libro (“book”) + -cino → libricino (“booklet”)


-iale

it-adj

-iale (adjective-forming suffix, plural -iali)

From Latin -ālis, used with nouns ending in -i-.


-durre

it-verb

-dùrre (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -dùco, first-person singular past historic -dùssi, past participle -dótto, first-person singular imperfect -ducévo, auxiliary avére)

-dùrre (canonical)
-dùco (first-person present singular)
-dùssi (first-person historic past singular)
-dótto (participle past)
-ducévo (first-person imperfect singular)
avére (auxiliary)
-dùrre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
-ducèndo (gerund)
-ducènte (participle present)
-dótto (participle past)
-dùco (first-person indicative present singular)
-dùci (indicative present second-person singular)
-dùce (indicative present singular third-person)
-duciàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
-ducéte (indicative plural present second-person)
-dùcono (indicative plural present third-person)
-ducévo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-ducévi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-ducéva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-ducevàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-ducevàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-ducévano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-dùssi (first-person historic indicative past singular)
-ducésti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
-dùsse (historic indicative past singular third-person)
-ducémmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
-ducéste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
-dùssero (historic indicative past plural third-person)
-durrò (first-person future indicative singular)
-durrài (future indicative second-person singular)
-durrà (future indicative singular third-person)
-durrémo (first-person future indicative plural)
-durréte (future indicative plural second-person)
-durrànno (future indicative plural third-person)
-durrèi (conditional first-person singular)
-durrésti (conditional second-person singular)
-durrèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
-durrébbe (conditional singular third-person)
-durrémmo (conditional first-person plural)
-durréste (conditional plural second-person)
-durrèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
-durrébbero (conditional plural third-person)
-dùca (first-person present singular subjunctive)
-dùca (present second-person singular subjunctive)
-dùca (present singular subjunctive third-person)
-duciàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
-duciàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
-dùcano (plural present subjunctive third-person)
-ducéssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-ducéssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-ducésse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-ducéssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-ducéste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-ducéssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-dùci (imperative second-person singular)
-dùca (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
-duciàmo (first-person imperative plural)
-ducéte (imperative plural second-person)
-dùcano (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
non -dùrre (imperative negative second-person singular)
non -dùca (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
non -duciàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
non -ducéte (imperative negative plural second-person)
non -dùcano (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

the infinitive ending of a family of irregular verbs conjugated similarly to -ere ones


-grafico

it-adj

-grafico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -grafica, masculine plural -grafici, feminine plural -grafiche)

-grafica (feminine)
-grafici (masculine plural)
-grafiche (feminine plural)

From Ancient Greek -γραφικός (-graphikós). By surface analysis, -grafia + -ico.


-dattilo

it-noun

-dattilo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -dattili)

From Latin -dactylus, derived from Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger”).


-dattilo

it-adj

-dattilo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -dattila, masculine plural -dattili, feminine plural -dattile)

-dattila (feminine)
-dattili (masculine plural)
-dattile (feminine plural)


-dendro

-dendron (forms of tree or tree-like plant)


-polio

Derived, by analogy with monopolio (“monopoly”), from the root of Ancient Greek πωλέω (pōléō, “I sell”).


-fonia

From Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “voice”) + -ia.


-essa

From Latin -issa, from Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa).


-ifero

it-adj

-ifero (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ifera, masculine plural -iferi, feminine plural -ifere)

-ifera (feminine)
-iferi (masculine plural)
-ifere (feminine plural)


-tomia

From Ancient Greek τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”).


-mero

From Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”).


-eto

From Latin -ētum. Cognate to French -aie.


-archia

it-noun

-archia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -archie)

From Latin -archia, from Ancient Greek -αρχία (-arkhía).


-aia

-aia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -aie, masculine -aio)

-aie (plural)
-aio (masculine)
-ara (alternative dialectal)

Inherited from Latin -āria, feminine of -ārius. Compare the doublet -aria.
Example: Italian operaia, from Latin operāria.

astuccio (“box, carton”) + -aia → astucciaia (“female who makes or sells boxes or cartons”)

asola (“buttonhole (hole for a button)”) + -aia → asolaia (“female who makes buttonholes”)

burattino (“pullet”) + -aia → burattinaia (“female puppeteer, female puppet master”)

fungo (“mushroom”) + -aia → fungaia (“mushroom bed”)

riso (“rice”) + -aia → risaia (“paddy field”)

ghiaccio (“ice”) + -aia → ghiacciaia (“icebox”)

added to nouns to form collective nouns, meaning a place in which to find a great quantity of the named object


-otto

-otto m (noun-forming suffix, plural -otti, feminine -otta)

it-adj

-otto (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -otta, masculine plural -otti, feminine plural -otte)

-otti (plural)
-otta (feminine)
-otta (feminine)
-otti (masculine plural)
-otte (feminine plural)

Perhaps a variant of -etto, or from Vulgar Latin *-ottum.

giovane + -otto → giovanotto (“young man”)

suffix used to form diminutives, especially with an endearing connotation

contadino (“farmer”) + -otto → contadinotto (“peasant”)

Rovigo + -otto → rovigotto (“(adjective) of or pertaining to Rovigo;(noun) inhabitant of Rovigo”)

used to form demonyms and demonymic adjectives


-ezza

→ Esperanto: -eco

Inherited from Latin -itia, whence also Italian -izia, a borrowed doublet. Cognate with Sicilian -izza.

alto (“high, tall”) + -ezza → altezza (“height”)

stanco (“tired”) + -ezza → stanchezza (“tiredness”)

added to adjectives to form abstract nouns; -ity; -ness


-ale

-ale (adjective-forming suffix, plural -ali)

→ Maltese: -ali

decisione (“decision”) + -ale → decisionale (“decisional”)

labbro (“lip”) + -ale → labiale (“labial”)

added to nouns to form adjectives, often specifically relational adjectives; -al


-iasi

it-noun

-iasi f (noun-forming suffix, uncountable)


-ennale

it-adj

-ennale (adjective-forming suffix, plural -ennali)


-toio

mungere (“to milk”) + -toio → mungitoio (“milkshed”)

forms nouns, mostly derived from verbs, that are used in the execution of the verb in some way


-istica

it-noun

-istica f (noun-forming suffix, plural -istiche)


-itudine

→ Romanian: -itudine


-aiolo

-aiolo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -aioli, feminine -aiola)

-aioli (plural)
-aiola (feminine)
-aiuolo (alternative archaic literary)
-arolo (alternative)

From Latin -āriolus, diminutive of -ārius.

pizza + -aiolo → pizzaiolo (“pizzamaker”)

bosco (“forest”) + -aiolo → boscaiolo (“forester”)

donna (“woman”) + -aiolo → donnaiolo (“womanizer”)

(sometimes derogatory) used to form the names of those who practice a profession or perform an activity


-aiolo

it-adj

-aiolo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -aiola, masculine plural -aioli, feminine plural -aiole)

-aiola (feminine)
-aioli (masculine plural)
-aiole (feminine plural)
-aiuolo (alternative archaic literary)
-arolo (alternative)

prato (“meadow”) + -aiolo → prataiolo (“field-, meadow-”)

used to derive adjectives with the meaning of “pertaining to”

rame (“copper”) + -aiolo → ramaiolo (“ladle”)


-scafo

(nautical) used to form the names of craft having a specified hull


-loquio

From various Latin terms derived from the verb loquor (“to speak”) + -ium; e.g. soliloquium.

-loquy; used to forms nouns related to speech and talking


-nomo

-nomer, -nomist (forms nouns relating to experts in a field)


-oide

From Ancient Greek -οειδής (-oeidḗs), compound of -ο- (-o-, thematic vowel) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-id”, adjective-forming suffix denoting likeness), from εἶδος (eîdos, “form”, “shape”).


-trofia

From Ancient Greek -τροφία (-trophía), from τροφή (trophḗ, “food, nourishment”), from τρέφω (tréphō, “I congeal, thicken”).


-iatra

it-noun

-iatra m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, masculine plural -iatri, feminine plural -iatre)

-iatri (masculine plural)
-iatre (feminine plural)
-iatro (alternative obsolete)

From Ancient Greek ἰατρός (iatrós, “doctor”).


-tropia

From Ancient Greek -τροπίᾱ (-tropíā), from τρόπος (trópos, “a turn”).


-tropo

From Latin tropus, from Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos, “a turn, way, manner, style, a trope or figure of speech, a mode in music, a mode or mood in logic”), from τροπή (tropḗ, “turn; solstice; trope”).


-teca

From Latin -theca, from Ancient Greek -θήκη (-thḗkē, “case, scabbard”). Equivalent of teca.

used to form nouns meaning a library, gallery or similar collection of things


-zione

Borrowed from Latin -tiōnem, as a learned form.
The original inherited form of the suffix, -zone and -zzone or in some cases -gione, is today less common but found in words such as ragione, stagione, cagione, canzone, punzone, acquazzone, tizzone, etc.

-tione (alternative)
-sione (alternative)

punire (“to punish”) + -zione → punizione (“punishment”)

creare (“to create”) + -zione → creazione (“creation”)

fingere (“to pretend, feign”) + -zione → finzione (“pretext”)

used to form nouns relating to the action of specified verbs; -ation; -tion


-ame

it-noun

-ame m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ami)

From Latin -āmen, an extended form of -men.

foglia (“leaf”) + -ame → fogliame (“foliage, leaves”)

bestia (“beast”) + -ame → bestiame (“livestock”)

cultura (“culture”) + -ame → culturame (“pop culture (pejorative)”)

professore (“professor”) + -ame → professorame (“academia, professorship (pejorative)”)

used to form collective nouns from simple nouns, often with pejorative connotation


-ficio

(not productive) alternative form of -ificio


-izzare

it-verb

-izzàre (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -ìzzo, first-person singular past historic -izzài, past participle -izzàto, auxiliary (transitive) avére or (intransitive) èssere)

-izzàre (canonical)
-ìzzo (first-person present singular)
-izzài (first-person historic past singular)
-izzàto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary transitive)
èssere (auxiliary intransitive)
-izzàre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary transitive)
èssere (auxiliary intransitive)
-izzàndo (gerund)
-izzànte (participle present)
-izzàto (participle past)
-ìzzo (first-person indicative present singular)
-ìzzi (indicative present second-person singular)
-ìzza (indicative present singular third-person)
-izziàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
-izzàte (indicative plural present second-person)
-ìzzano (indicative plural present third-person)
-izzàvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-izzàvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-izzàva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-izzavàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-izzavàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-izzàvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-izzài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
-izzàsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
-izzò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
-izzàmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
-izzàste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
-izzàrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
-izzerò (first-person future indicative singular)
-izzerài (future indicative second-person singular)
-izzerà (future indicative singular third-person)
-izzerémo (first-person future indicative plural)
-izzeréte (future indicative plural second-person)
-izzerànno (future indicative plural third-person)
-izzerèi (conditional first-person singular)
-izzerésti (conditional second-person singular)
-izzerèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
-izzerébbe (conditional singular third-person)
-izzerémmo (conditional first-person plural)
-izzeréste (conditional plural second-person)
-izzerèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
-izzerébbero (conditional plural third-person)
-ìzzi (first-person present singular subjunctive)
-ìzzi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
-ìzzi (present singular subjunctive third-person)
-izziàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
-izziàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
-ìzzino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
-izzàssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-izzàssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-izzàsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-izzàssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-izzàste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-izzàssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-ìzza (imperative second-person singular)
-ìzzi (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
-izziàmo (first-person imperative plural)
-izzàte (imperative plural second-person)
-ìzzino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
non -izzàre (imperative negative second-person singular)
non -ìzzi (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
non -izziàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
non -izzàte (imperative negative plural second-person)
non -ìzzino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

Borrowed from Late Latin -izāre. Doublet of -eggiare, which was inherited.

anglico (“Anglian”) + -izzare → anglicizzare (“to anglicize”)

focale (“focal”) + -izzare → focalizzare (“to put into focus”)

sociale (“social”) + -izzare → socializzare (“to socialize”)

added to adjectives and nouns to form verbs; -ize


-tura

attrezzo (“tool”) + -tura → attrezzatura (“equipment”)

fogna (“sewer”) + -tura → fognatura (“sewage system”)

magistrato (“magistrate”) + -tura → magistratura (“magistracy”)

added to form nouns of mass or collection

fiorire (“to flower”) + -tura → fioritura (“flowering, blooming”)

potare (“to prune”) + -tura → potatura (“pruning”)

added to verbs form nouns relating to their action


-ace

it-adj

-ace (adjective-forming suffix, plural -aci)

nidio (“nest”) + -ace → nidiace (“nestling”)

predare (“to prey on, to predate”) + -ace → predace (“predacious, predatory”)

used to form adjectives expressing a tendency or inclination to the action of the root; -ish, -y, -acious


-etta

molla (“spring”) + -etta → molletta (“clothes peg”)

maglia (“shirt”) + -etta → maglietta (“T-shirt”)

attrice (“actress”) + -etta → attricetta (“starlet”)


-anza

it-noun

-anza f (noun-forming suffix, plural -anze)

Inherited from Latin -antia. Compare Spanish -anza, Portuguese and Catalan -ança, French -ance.

abbondante (“abundant”) + -anza → abbondanza (“abundance”)

mancante (“lacking”) + -anza → mancanza (“lack”)

cittadino (“citizen”) + -anza → cittadinanza (“citizenship”)

lontano (“far”) + -anza → lontananza (“distance, remoteness”)

added to nouns and adjectives to indicate a state or condition; -ance; -ancy


-ello

-ello m (noun-forming suffix, plural -elli, feminine -ella)

-elli (plural)
-ella (feminine)
-cello (alternative)
-erello (alternative)

paese (“town, village”) + -ello → paesello (“small village”)

asino (“donkey”) + -ello → asinello (“small donkey”)

carro (“wagon, cart”) + -ello → carrello (“trolley, hopper, etc.”)

teppista (“thug, hoodlum”) + -ello → teppistello (“young thug”)

fortuna (“luck”) + -ello → fortunello (“lucky devil”)

crusca (“bran”) + -ello → cruschello (“fine bran”)

sfrontato (“impudent, shameless”) + -ello → sfontatello (“brat”)

trovato (“found, discovered”) + -ello → trovatello (“foundling”)

spogliare (“to strip”) + -ello → spogliarello (“striptease”)

suffix used to form noun diminutives from nouns (including proper nouns) and sometimes adjectives and verbs, often with a meliorative or hypocoristic sense

Antonello (“dear, young or smallish Anthony”) + -ello → Antonelli (“those (descended from) the smallish or dear man named Anthony”)

Giacovello (“dear, young or smallish Jacob”) + -ello → Giacovelli (“those descended from the young or dear man named Jacob”)

Gianello (“dear, young or smallish John”) + -ello → Gianelli (“those descended from "little John" or a dear man named John”)

this suffix was often pluralized in the formation of Italian surnames, in this case indicating a progenitor who was either endearing, the youngest of two or more with the same name, a man of small stature, or ironically a man of very large stature


-ello

it-adj

-ello (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ella, masculine plural -elli, feminine plural -elle)

-ella (feminine)
-elli (masculine plural)
-elle (feminine plural)
-cello (alternative)
-erello (alternative)

stupido (“stupid”) + -ello → stupidello (“silly, goofy”)

suffix used to form diminutives of adjectives, often with a meliorative or hypocoristic sense


-cello

it-noun

-cello m (noun-forming suffix, plural -celli, feminine -cella)

-celli (plural)
-cella (feminine)
-icello (alternative)

ladrone (“thief”) + -cello → ladroncello (“small thief, young thief”)

violone (“violone (early form of the double bass)”) + -cello → violoncello (“cello”)


-enne

it-adj

-enne (adjective-forming suffix, plural -enni)

it-noun

-enne m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -enni)

From Latin -ennis (like in biennis, triennis), derived from annus (“year”).

L'anno prossimo diventa maggiorenne.


-enza

-enza f (noun-forming suffix, plural -enze)

From Latin -ĕntia. Compare French -ence, Portuguese -ença, -ência, Romanian -ință, -ență, Spanish -enza, -encia.

accogliere (“to welcome”) + -enza → accoglienza (“hospitality”)

obbedire (“to obey”) + -enza → obbedienza (“obedience”)

tendere (“to tend”) + -enza → tendenza (“tendency”)

added to verbs to form abstract nouns; -ency; -ence; -ance


-ario

it-adj

-ario (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -aria, masculine plural -ari, feminine plural -arie)

-aria (feminine)
-ari (masculine plural)
-arie (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin -ārius. Compare the inherited doublet -aio.

dolce (“sweet”) + -ario → dolciario (“sweet (relational)”)

giudice (“judge”) + -ario → giudiziario (“judicial”)

-ary; added to nouns to create relational adjective forms and show relation


-ario

it-noun

-ario m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ari)

cento (“hundred”) + -ario → centenario (“hundred years old”)

otto (“eight”) + -ario → ottonario (“poetic verse with eight syllables”)

added to numerals with various derivations


-aggio

-aggio m (noun-forming suffix, plural -aggi)

From Latin -āticum, probably through Old Occitan -atge; cf. also Old French -age, Sicilian -aju. Doublet of -atico.

montare (“to assemble”) + -aggio → montaggio (“assembly”)

-age; forms nouns indicating an action or result related to the root verb

tenda (“curtain”) + -aggio → tendaggio (“curtains, blinds”)

-age; forms nouns indicating collection or appurtenance


-fito

From Ancient Greek φυτόν (phutón, “plant”).


-dromo

-dromo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -dromi)

From Ancient Greek δρόμος (drómos, “a course, race course, road”).


-ume

From Latin -ūmen (action noun suffix), an extended form of -men.

viscido (“slimy”) + -ume → viscidume (“slime”, “slimy mess”)

used to form nouns, often derived from adjectives, usually with a collective and pejorative connotation


-eggiante

it-adj

-eggiante (adjective-forming suffix, plural -eggianti)

From -eggiare (verbalizing suffix) + -ante (present participle suffix).

suffix

sportivo (“sports (relational)”) + -eggiante → sportiveggiante (“sporty”)

arabo (“Arab, Arabian”) + -eggiante → arabeggiante (“Arabist”)

used to form adjectives expressing characteristics tending toward the root adjective; -ish, -like, -esque


-aglia

it-noun

-aglia m (noun-forming suffix, plural -aglii)

From Latin -ālia, the neuter plural of -ālis.

nuvola (“cloud”) + -aglia → nuvolaglia (“mass of clouds”)

cane (“dog”) + -aglia → canaglia (“scoundrel, rogue”)

gente (“people”) + -aglia → gentaglia (“rabble, scum”)

used to create female collective nouns, often pejorative


-izia

-izia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -izie)

Borrowed from Latin -itia, whence also Italian -ezza, which was inherited.

amico (“friend”) + -izia → amicizia (“friendship”)

giusto (“right, just”) + -izia → giustizia (“justice”)

furbo (“sly”) + -izia → furbizia (“slyness”)

added to adjectives to form abstract nouns; -ness, -ity, -ice, -ship


-ense

it-adj

-ense (adjective-forming suffix, plural -ensi)

it-noun

-ense m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -ensi)

Learned borrowing from Latin -ēnsis (“originating in”), whence also the inherited Italian doublet -ese.

lbor

used to create adjectives and nouns that denote ethnonyms, like parmense, from Parma or statunitense, from Stati Uniti


-uccio

it-noun

-uccio m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ucci, feminine -uccia)

The suffix -uccio/-uccia stems from Latin -uceum/-uceam. Compare also Sicilian -uzzu, Romanian -uț.

amore (“love”) + -uccio → amoruccio (“darling”, literally “little loved one”)

medico (“doctor”) + -uccio → medicuccio (“quack”)

femmina (“female”) + -uccia → femminuccia (“cowardly person”)

diminutive suffix with patronizing or pejorative connotations when attached to specific words


-accio

-accio m (noun-forming suffix, plural -acci, feminine -accia)

→ Esperanto: -aĉ-

The suffix -accio/-accia stems from Latin -aceum/-aceam, the accusative singular of -aceus/-acea. Doublet of -azzo.

maschio (“male”) + -accio → maschiaccio (“wild boy”)

ragazzo (“young man”) + -accio → ragazzaccio (“juvenile delinquent”)


-accia

-accia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -acce, masculine -accio)

The suffix -accio/-accia stems from Latin -aceum/-aceam, the accusative singular of -aceus/-acea.

bestia (“beast”) + -accia → bestiaccia (“nasty or ugly beast”)

lingua (“tongue”) + -accia → linguaccia (“spiteful gossip”)


-vendolo

used to form nouns that mean a person who sells a specified product


-esimo

it-adj

-esimo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -esima, masculine plural -esimi, feminine plural -esime)

-esima (feminine)
-esimi (masculine plural)
-esime (feminine plural)

From Latin -ēsimus, exhibited in the numerals from 20-90, as well as the hundreds and thousands.


-esimo

it-noun

-esimo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -esimi)

From Latin -ismus, from Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós). Compare Sicilian -ìsimu.


-tomo

From Ancient Greek -τόμον (-tómon), akin to τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”).


-tomo

From Ancient Greek τόμος (tómos), derived from τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”).


-iano

it-adj

-iano (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -iana, masculine plural -iani, feminine plural -iane)

it-noun

-iano m (noun-forming suffix, plural -iani, feminine -iana)

-iano -iano (canonical masculine)
-iana (feminine)
-iani (masculine plural)
-iane (feminine plural)
-iani (plural)

Verdi + -iano → verdiano (“Verdian, pertaining to Verdi”)

Nietzsche + -iano → nietzschiano (“Nietzschean, pertaining to Nietzsche”)

Sahara + -iano → sahariano (“Saharan, pertaining to the Sahara”)

(productive) enlarged form of -ano, usually indicating a relationship of position, possession, or origin; often added to proper nouns


-zoo

From Ancient Greek ζῷον (zôion, “animal”).


-cidio

-cidio m (noun-forming suffix, plural -cidi)

From Latin -cīdium, from the base of caedō (“to cut, strike, kill”).


-ore

From Latin -ōrem, for earlier -ōs, from Proto-Indo-European *-ōs, for original **-oss.

gonfiare (“to swell”) + -ore → gonfiore (“swelling”, noun)

rosso (“red”) + -ore → rossore (“redness”)

added to a verb or adjective to form a masculine abstract noun

professare (“to profess”) + -ore → professore (“professor”)

invadere (“to invade”) + -ore → invasore (“invader”)


-opsia

From Ancient Greek -οψία (-opsía), from ὄψις (ópsis, “view”, “sight”).

(medicine) used with a stem to derive nouns indicating a medical condition of the eye(s); -opsia

(medicine) used with a stem to derive nouns indicating an examination; -opsy


-eo

it-adj

-eo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ea, masculine plural -ei, feminine plural -ee)

-ea (feminine)
-ei (masculine plural)
-ee (feminine plural)

ferro (“iron”) + -eo → ferreo (“made of iron”)

argento (“silver”) + -eo → argenteo (“made of silver”)

acqua (“water”) + -eo → acqueo (“made of water, watery”)

used to form adjectives referring to the qualities of the root noun; -en, -eous, -ean

used to form adjectives from materials or substances, indicating material composition:

Cesare (“Caesar”) + -eo → cesareo (“Caesarean, of or pertaining to Julius Caesar”)

Medici + -eo → mediceo (“of or pertaining to the Medici family”)

used to form relational adjectives from proper nouns:


-eo

it-noun

-eo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ei, feminine -ea)

-eo -eo (canonical masculine)
-ea (feminine)
-ei (masculine plural)
-ee (feminine plural)
-ei (plural)

Borrowed from Latin -aeus, from Ancient Greek -αῖος (-aîos).

Etna + -eo → etneo (“of or pertaining to mount Etna; person from or inhabitant of the Etna region”)

Ragusa (city in Croatia) + -eo → raguseo (“of or pertaining to the city of Ragusa; person from or inhabitant of Ragusa”)

used to form adjectives and nouns expressing relation to the root noun; -an, -ean

Euclide (“Euclid”) + -eo → euclideo (“Euclidean, pertaining to Euclid”)

Augusto (“Augustus”) + -eo → augusteo (“Augustan, pertaining to emperor Augustus or his time”)

forming relational adjectives from proper nouns:

carotide (“carotid”) + -eo → carotideo (“pertaining to a carotid”)

faringe (“pharynx”) + -eo → faringeo (“pharyngeal, pertaining to the pharynx”)

forming relational adjectives from body parts:


-torio

-atorio (alternative)
-itorio (alternative)

graduare (“to rank”) + -torio → graduatorio (“ranking (relational)”)

creditore (“creditor”) + -torio → creditorio (“credit, creditor (relational)”)

obbligare (“to obligate”) + -torio → abbligatorio (“obligatory”)

respirare (“to breathe, respirate”) + -torio → respiratorio (“respiratory”)

forms adjectives, usually from verbs; tends to indicate a relation to the action of the verb

consultare (“to consult”) + -torio → consultorio (“consulting room”)

osservare (“to observe”) + -torio → osservatorio (“observatory”)

forms nouns, usually from verbs; tends to indicate a place where the action of the verb occurs


-imento

-imento m (noun-forming suffix, plural -imenti)


-no

Likely derived from sono (“[they] are”, 3ʳᵈ-person-plural indicative present of essere), with the ending having been reanalyzed as a pluralizing suffix.


-gono

From Ancient Greek γωνία (gōnía, “corner, angle”).

der

(geometry) -gon (forms the names of plane figures containing a given number of angles)


-arca

it-noun

-arca m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, masculine plural -archi, feminine plural -arche)

-archi (masculine plural)
-arche (feminine plural)

From Late Latin -archa, from Latin -archēs, from Ancient Greek -άρχης (-árkhēs), from ἀρχή (arkhḗ, “rule”, “government”).


-eggiare

it-verb

-eggiàre (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -éggio, first-person singular past historic -eggiài, past participle -eggiàto, auxiliary avére)

-eggiàre (canonical)
-éggio (first-person present singular)
-eggiài (first-person historic past singular)
-eggiàto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary)
-eggiàre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
-eggiàndo (gerund)
-eggiànte (participle present)
-eggiàto (participle past)
-éggio (first-person indicative present singular)
-éggi (indicative present second-person singular)
-éggia (indicative present singular third-person)
-eggiàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
-eggiàte (indicative plural present second-person)
-éggiano (indicative plural present third-person)
-eggiàvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-eggiàvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-eggiàva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-eggiavàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-eggiavàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-eggiàvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-eggiài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
-eggiàsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
-eggiò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
-eggiàmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
-eggiàste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
-eggiàrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
-eggerò (first-person future indicative singular)
-eggerài (future indicative second-person singular)
-eggerà (future indicative singular third-person)
-eggerémo (first-person future indicative plural)
-eggeréte (future indicative plural second-person)
-eggerànno (future indicative plural third-person)
-eggerèi (conditional first-person singular)
-eggerésti (conditional second-person singular)
-eggerèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
-eggerébbe (conditional singular third-person)
-eggerémmo (conditional first-person plural)
-eggeréste (conditional plural second-person)
-eggerèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
-eggerébbero (conditional plural third-person)
-éggi (first-person present singular subjunctive)
-éggi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
-éggi (present singular subjunctive third-person)
-eggiàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
-eggiàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
-éggino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
-eggiàssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-eggiàssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-eggiàsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-eggiàssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-eggiàste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-eggiàssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-éggia (imperative second-person singular)
-éggi (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
-eggiàmo (first-person imperative plural)
-eggiàte (imperative plural second-person)
-éggino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
non -eggiàre (imperative negative second-person singular)
non -éggi (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
non -eggiàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
non -eggiàte (imperative negative plural second-person)
non -éggino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

Inherited from Late Latin -izāre. Doublet of -izzare, which was borrowed.

festa (“celebration”) + -eggiare → festeggiare (“to celebrate”)

rumore (“noise”) + -eggiare → rumoreggiare (“to rumble, make noise”)

tinta (“paint”) + -eggiare → tinteggiare (“to paint”)

sorso (“sip”) + -eggiare → sorseggiare (“to sip”)

used to form verbs from adjectives or nouns


-biotico

it-adj

-biotico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -biotica, masculine plural -biotici, feminine plural -biotiche)

-biotica (feminine)
-biotici (masculine plural)
-biotiche (feminine plural)


-unque

From Old Italian unque (“never, ever”), from the older unqua, from Latin umquam (“ever, at any time”). Its use as an indefinite suffix may have been influenced by Latin -cumque, which has a similar origin. Compare English -ever.

chi (“who”) → chiunque (“whoever”)

dove (“where”) → dovunque (“everywhere”, “anywhere”)

used to derive indefinite adjectives, adverbs and pronouns


-andria

it-noun

-andria f (noun-forming suffix, plural -andrie)


-ardo

it-adj

-ardo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -arda, masculine plural -ardi, feminine plural -arde)

-arda (feminine)
-ardi (masculine plural)
-arde (feminine plural)

From a Germanic element used in anthroponyms (e.g. Old High German [Rīco]hard, Old Saxon *[Regin]hard, Old English [Beorn]heard), derived from Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard; brave”). Compare English -ard, French -ard.

Nizza (“Nice”) + -ardo → nizzardo (“of or from Nice”)

relational adjectives
relational adjective#English

(no longer productive) appended to placenames to form relational adjectives meaning “of, from or related to a place”


-ardo

it-noun

-ardo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ardi, feminine -arda)

Nizza (“Nice”) + -ardo → nizzardo (“person from Nice”)

(no longer productive) appended to placenames to form nouns meaning “one who is of, from or related to a place”

lingua (“tongue”) + -ardo → (archaic) linguardo (“gossip, talkative person”)

vecchio (“old”) + -ardo → (literary, pejorative) vecchiardo (“old man”)

possessional adjectives
possessional adjective#English

(no longer productive) appended to nouns or adjectives to form possessional adjectives or nouns meaning “(one) having the characteristic described by the noun or adjective”


-ime

-ime f (noun-forming suffix, plural -imi)

beccare (“to peck”) + -ime → becchime (“birdseed”)

mangiare (“to eat”) + -ime → mangime (“fodder”)

used to create concrete collective nouns