eo

head

eo (personal, first person, possessive meo)

Viso non m'è ch’eo mai potesse gioia
Più giustamente voi, donna, apellare

13ᵗʰ century, Guittone d'Arezzo, Viso non m'è ch'eo mai potesse gioia, collected in Le rime di Guittone d'Arezzo, Bari: Laterza, published 1940, page 164, lines 1–2:

To me it's not a face such that I could have ever rightfully called you, o woman, joy


ci

Uncertain. Rohlfs and Von Wartburg favoured/favored Late Latin ecce hīc. Maiden casts doubt on this etymology, pointing out that Italian ci is an unstressed 'weak' form, while Latin hic otherwise survives in Italian only in stressed forms (reinforced by Latin ecce or eccum) such as ciò, qua, and qui. (It should also be noted that all of the latter trigger syntactic doubling in a following word, thanks to their original final /k/, while ci does not.) Maiden proposes instead an origin in Latin hince, variant of hinc (“hence, from here”), pointing out that in parts of southern Italy there exists a 1PL pronoun 'nci (cf. also 'nce). Treccani, on the other hand, proposes an origin in Latin hīce, a variant of hīc (“here”). In any case, the Italian term is certainly cognate with Neapolitan ce, Sicilian cci and Sassarese zi, all three of which share similar adverbial senses, with the latter two also having pronominal senses.

with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects

Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects. Unlike the singular forms

the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language

and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead

Loro ci conoscono

Ci arrabbiamo

Ci amiamo

Lui ci ha detto questo

Ci si lava.

Ci si annoia quando non c'è niente da fare.

One gets bored when there is nothing to do.

replaces the indefinite personal pronoun si (“one”) before reflexive si (“oneself”); one

Non ci credo.


vi

(noi) vi amiamo

second-person personal plural object pronoun: you, to you

(voi) vi ricordate

second-person reflexive plural: yourselves

(often not translated) it; about it, of it, on it


mi

From Latin mē and, as an indirect object pronoun, possibly in part from Latin mihi.

m'ha colpito

dammelo

dimmi tutto

mi piace

I like it (literally, “it's pleasing to me”)

non mi fai paura

you don't scare me (literally, “you don't give fear to me”)

stammi bene!

che mi combini?


ke

(informal, often in Internet chat or in SMS messages) who; which; what; that; than


me

(Lui/Lei) non piace a me. / A me non piace (lui/lei).

(He/She) does not appeal to me, i.e. I don't like him/her.

(Lui/Lei) piace a me. / A me piace (lui/lei).

(He/She) appeals to me, i.e. I like him/her.

A me e lui piace lei.

She appeals (both) to me and to him, i.e. he and I (both) like her.


tanto

tanta (feminine)
tanti (masculine plural)
tante (feminine plural)


lui

1472, Giusto de’ Conti, La bella mano, Giannalberto Tumermani (1750), page 122

My heart gets angry with me, and I with it.

Cercai il mio portafogli dentro lo zaino, ma era sparito anche lui e tutti i soldi che c’erano dentro.

2000, Gianfranco Liori, Come un fumetto giapponese, Giunti, published 2008, page 64:

I looked for my wallet in the backpack, but it had disappeared as well, along with all the money inside.


uno

From Latin ūnus, from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos.

Sono uno a cui piace alzarsi presto.

I’m someone who likes getting up early or I’m a person who likes getting up early.

Ci hanno messo gli uni contro gli altri.


un

Vedete ch'io son un che vo [sic] piangendo

c. 1200, Guido Cavalcanti, “Vedete ch'io son un che vo piangendo”, in Rime:

(literary) Apocopic form of uno: one (indefinite pronoun)


li

From Latin illī, nominative masculine plural of ille.

Li ricordo.


li

(dative, archaic) Alternative form of gli


voi

From Latin vōs, from Old Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs, ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.
Cognates with the same usage are the French vous and the Russian вы (vy).


ne

From Latin inde (“thence”). Compare French en (adverb, pronoun).

Furono mesi di lavoro sfibrante, ma ne venne fuori un gran film.

There were months of exhausting work, but a great movie came out of those.

from this; from that; from these; from those, sometimes not translated in English

Ne abbiamo parlato, ma non sono sicuro che abbia capito.

We talked about that, but I'm not sure he understood.

Certo che ricordo quell'evento: ne ho perfino scritto in un articolo.

Of course I remember that event, I even wrote an article about that

about this; about that; about these; about those

Se è avanzata della torta, ne vorrei una fetta, per favore.

(literally, “If is left some cake, of it I would like a slice.”)

If there's some cake left, I would like a slice.

Avevi promesso di tornare a casa, te ne ricordi?

(literally, “You had promised to come back to home, do you of it remember?”)

You promised you'd come back home, do you remember (that)?

of this; of that; of these; of those, sometimes not translated in English

Non ne ho più.

(literally, “I don't of it have any more.”)

of them (sometimes not translated in English)

Ho capito cos'ha fatto, ma non ne ho capito il motivo.

I understood what he did, but I didn't understand the reason for that.

for this; of that; of these; of those, sometimes not translated in English

Spalancò la porta e se ne andò tutta esultante.

She slammed the door open, and left all cheerful.

Se ne sta sdraiato per ore a non fare nulla.

He just stays there lying down for hours, without doing anything.

intensive particle, used in forms of certain verbs suffixed with -ne, where it indicates a particular way of carrying out the verb's action

Non te ne vorrò.

only used in forms of the verb of volerne (“to hold a grudge”)

Ne va della tua vita.

only used in forms of the verb of andarne (“to be at stake”)


ei

Syncopated form of elli (“he”), from Vulgar Latin *illi, from Latin ille (“that”).

(poetic, archaic, after the verb) Alternative form of egli


ei

Syncopated form of elli (“they”), from Latin illī (“those”).


tu

From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects


ti

From Latin tē (accusative of tū), from Proto-Indo-European *twé, *te, accusative of *túh₂ (“you”). As a dative, in part from Latin tibi, dative of tū, through a Vulgar Latin *ti.


la

From Latin illa(m), feminine form of ille.

La vedo.

[…] una improvvisa timidezza però la immobilizza […]

[…] a sudden timidity immobilized her though […]

La vedo.

Scusi se la disturbo.

(accusative, formal) you (term of respect)


chi

From Latin quis, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis, *kʷos.


chi

From Latin quī, from Old Latin quei, from Proto-Italic *kʷoi.


si

From Latin se (“him-, her-, it-, themselves”, reflexive third-person pronoun). Cognate with Spanish se and Portuguese se and si.

inh

Il tuo gatto si lava sul mio letto.

Your cat cleans himself/itself on my bed.

La tua gatta si lava sul mio letto.

Marco si è rotto il braccio.

(reflexive) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves

Carlo e Laura si amano.

(reciprocal pronoun) each other, one another

In Italia si pranza intorno all'una.

In Italia si tende ad andare a letto tardi.

In Italy, people tend to go to bed late.

Si dice che Maria volesse uccidere Giovanni.

It is said that Maria wanted to kill Giovanni.

Da questa finestra si vede la banca.

Si vende latte. / Vendesi latte.

Non si accettano carte di credito.

(si passivante) Used to form the passive voice of a verb; it

Se semo fatti sei chilometri a fette. (Ci siamo fatti sei chilometri a piedi.)

Volemose bene. (Vogliamoci bene.)

Se la smezzamo? (Ce la dividiamo?)

Ambo se poseremo in questo prato
 e domatina, come il giorno pare,
 ritornaremo insieme a battagliare.

1483, Matteo Maria Boiardo, Orlando Innamorato, I, XVIII, lines 37–39:

We will both lay down in this meadow
 and tomorrow morning, when the day appears,
 together we will go back to fight.

(dialectal, notably Rome) reflexive and reciprocal first person pronoun, where Standard Italian uses ci


nessuno

head

nessuno m sg (singular only, feminine nessuna)

From Latin nē (“not”) + ipse (emphatic, literally “himself”) + ūnus (“one”), meaning “not even one”. Cognate with Neapolitan nisciuno, Sardinian nisciunu, Friulian nissun, Ligurian nisciǜn, and Old French neisune. Compare Spanish ninguno and Romanian niciun.


uomo

Inherited from Latin homō (nominative). The plural reflects Latin hominēs.

Ahi, come poco a sé creder uom degge! ¶ ch’a virtute e fortuna Amor pon legge

1475, Angelo Poliziano, “Libro I”, in Stanze de messer Angelo Politiano cominciate per la giostra del magnifico Giuliano di Pietro de Medici, collected in Poesie Italiane by Saverio Orlando, Bologna: Biblioteca Universale Rizzoli, published 1988, section 59:

Alas, how little must one trust to himself!, for Love imposes laws on virtue and fortune


punto

Non ho mangiato punto.


uni

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


che

From Latin quid (but also usurping some roles of Latin quod), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid, compare *kʷis.

[…] del vario stile in ch’io piango e ragiono […] spero trovar pietà, nonché perdono.

1336–1374, Francesco Petrarca, “I — Voi ch’ascoltate in rime sparse il suono”, in Il Canzoniere, lines 5–8; republished as Daniele Ponchiroli, editor, Turin: publ. Giulio Einaudi, 1964:

I hope to find not only forgiveness, but also pity for the variegated style in which I cry and reason.

(archaic, relative) who; whom; which; nominative and accusative case


gli

From Latin illī (dative masculine singular of ille).

Gli parlo.


gli

From Latin illī (dative feminine singular of ille).

[…] ne prima altro fece, che ella s’ingegnò di veder Beltramo, & appreſſo nel coſpetto del Re venuta di gratia chieſe, che la ſua infermita gli moſtraſſe.

ca. 1349-1353, Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron, Tommaso Edlin (1725), page 98

Before aught else she studied to see Bertrand and next, presenting herself before the king, she prayed him of his favour/favor to show her his ailment.

Ho detto a Gianna che gli telefono domani.


gli

From Latin illīs (dative plural of ille).

Gli parlerò.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:gli.


io

head

io (personal, first person, possessive mio)

→ Interlingua: io

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

I (the first-person singular nominative pronoun)


niente

From an earlier neente, either from Latin ne gentem (“no person, no one”), nec entem, ne entem, or ne inde. Compare Old Catalan nient, Sicilian nenti, Piedmontese gnente, Occitan neient, French néant.
The regional pronunciation with initial self-gemination of /nj-/ is by speakers who try to correct the /ɲ-/ because of the orthography, but keep the syllable structure, and thus gemination, of the original /ɲ-/.

Cosa fai? Niente.

Hai bisogno di niente?

Non voglio niente da mangiare.


lo

Lo conosci?

Quando te lo diedi.


l'

(before vowels) Apocopic form of lo, la: him, her, it


le

From Latin illae, which is the nominative plural feminine of ille.

Le ho viste.

(accusative) them (third-person plural feminine)


le

From Vulgar Latin *illae, a nonstandard form of Latin illī (dative singular of illa). The ae in illae is modelled under influence of the dative case for first-declension feminine nouns, e.g. Classical Latin puellae.

Le ho detto che la amo.

Le ho dato la lettera.

Non le ho detto il mio nome.

Le ho dato la lettera.


loro

From Latin illōrum, genitive plural of ille, illud (“that”).

Parlerò loro.


loro

Sono i loro.

Sono i Loro.

(often capitalised/capitalized) your (polite plural form)


tuo

tua (feminine)
tuoi (masculine plural)
tue (feminine plural)

From Latin tuus, from Proto-Italic *towos.
In the singular, Latin tuum underwent *ʊu > *ou > *ɔu dissimilation, cf. Sardinian tou, and also Latin ōvum > Italian òvo, Spanish huevo, ultimately producing [ˈtwɔu], and a plural [ˈtwɔi]. Italian then underwent its regular *wɔV > *uV sound change, cf. *bwɔe > bue, *mjɛu > mio, producing ultimately [ˈtu.o]. This latter sound change is blocked by a following [i], which explains the plural form tuoi, cf. *mjɛi > miei.

Sono i tuoi.


t'

T’odio.


-si

dare (“to give”) → darsi (“to give oneself; to devote”)

vendere (“to sell”) → vendersi (“to sell oneself; to prostitute”)

servire (“to serve”) → servirsi (“to serve oneself; to make use of”)

si vende latte (“milk for sale”) → vendesi latte (“milk for sale”)


lei

Inherited from Latin illaei.
The formal address Lei appears in the 16th century in connection with Signoria (“Lordship”), Eccellenza (“Excellency”), Santità (“Holiness”) and Magnificenza, alongside Voi.

1320, Dante Alighieri, Divine Comedy, Amadeo Augusto Lange (1788), page 161

The rain fell and into the channels ran / Whatever of it was not absorbed by the ground

La pioggia cadde, e a’ foſſati venne / Di lei ciò che la terra non ſofferſe

[…] videro il drappo, et in quello la testa, non ancor sì consumata, che essi alla capellatura crespa non conoscessero lei esser quella di Lorenzo.

ca. 1349-1353, Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron, Tipografia della Società Belgica (1841), page 228

[…] they saw the cloth and the head wrapped inside it, which was not yet sufficiently decomposed that they could not help but identify it, from the curly hair, as being Lorenzo’s.

[…] Filomena in ciò che dell’amistà dice, racconta il vero, e con ragione nel fine delle sue parole si dolse lei oggi così poco da’ mortali esser gradita.

ca. 1349-1353, Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron, Tipografia della Società Belgica (1841), page 512

[…] Philomena is in the right as to what she has said upon friendship; and it was with reason she complained, last of all, of its being in such little esteem with mankind […]

La banana di Stranalandia è alla base dell’economia dell’isola. Senza di lei la vita qui sarebbe molto dura.

1984, Stefano Benni, Stranalandia, Feltrinelli, published 2015, page 76:

The banana of Strangeland forms the basis of the island’s economy. Without it, life here would be very tough.


molto

molta (feminine)
molti (masculine plural)
molte (feminine plural)

From Latin multus, from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥tos (“crumbled, crumpled”, past passive participle). Compare Portuguese muito, Romanian mult, Catalan molt.

inh

Non ci vuole molto per far piangere una donna incinta.

It doesn't take much to make a pregnant woman cry.

Queste scarpe mi sono sempre piaciute e ne ho comprate molte nel corso degli anni.

I have always liked these shoes, and have bought many of them over the years.

Per molti il ballo è una passione.

much, a lot, (in the plural) many, many people


tutto

From Vulgar Latin tōttus, alteration of Latin tōtus.


essi

From Latin ipsī, nominative plural masculine of ipse.


questo

questa (feminine)
questi (masculine plural)
queste (feminine plural)

From Vulgar Latin *eccum iste, from Latin eccum (deictic) + iste (“that”), the former surviving also as Italian ecco and the latter as esto.

Libri come questo vengono raramente letti al di fuori della piccola cerchia di persone interessate all'argomento.

Books like this one are rarely read outside the small number of people interested in the subject.

Queste sono le mie prime foto, ma penso anche le mie migliori.

These are my first pics but the best ones I think.

Su questo sono completamente d'accordo.

Questo è tutto.


quello

head

quello (feminine singular quella, masculine plural quelli, feminine plural quelle)

quella (feminine singular)
quelli (masculine plural)
quelle (feminine plural)

Contracted from Vulgar Latin *eccum ille, from Latin eccum + ille.


qualcosa

Fa' qualcosa!


quale

Quale dei tre è il più grande?


altro

altra (feminine)
altri (masculine plural)
altre (feminine plural)

From Latin alterum, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élteros.

(in the plural) other, other man, another, more, somebody else

(masculine, in the singular) something else, some other thing


cosa

Inherited from Latin causa. Doublet of the borrowing causa. The pronoun is a clipping of che cosa.


elle

From Latin illae, nominative feminine plural of ille.


sé

From Latin sē. Compare with French soi, Portuguese si, and Spanish sí.

(disjunctive, emphatic) oneself, himself, herself


nulla

From Latin nūlla, feminine singular and neuter plural (collective) of nūllus.


vostro

vostra (feminine)
vostri (masculine plural)
vostre (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin vostrum, which is the accusative of voster, which derives from the older form vester, from Proto-Italic *westeros.

Sono i vostri


n'

with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects


Lei

(formal, polite) Alternative letter-case form of lei (“you”)


La

(formal) Alternative letter-case form of la (“you”)


Vi

(uncommon, very formal or polite) you (in the singular), to you (singular), yourself


Sue

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

(possessive) feminine plural of Suo (“yours (formal or polite)”)


nostro

nostra (feminine)
nostri (masculine plural)
nostre (feminine plural)

From Latin nostrum, from Proto-Italic *nosteros.

questa penna è nostra


suo

sua (feminine)
suoi (masculine plural)
sue (feminine plural)

From Latin suus, from Proto-Italic *sowos, from Proto-Indo-European *sewos, from *swé.

Sono i suoi

Sono i Suoi

(often capitalised/capitalized) yours (polite singular form)


mio

mia (feminine)
miei (masculine plural)
mie (feminine plural)

From Old Italian meo, from Latin meus, from Proto-Italic *meos.

Sono i miei.

Il mio è....

mine; the thing belonging to me (used substantively)


poco

poca (feminine)
pochi (masculine plural)
poche (feminine plural)

From Latin paucus, from Proto-Italic *paukos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ukos, derived from the root *peh₂w- (“few”, “little”). Compare French peu, Portuguese pouco, Spanish poco.

Ahi quanto a dir qual era è cosa dura
esta selva selvaggia e aspra e forte
che nel pensier rinova la paura!
Tant’è amara che poco è più morte

1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto I”, in Inferno [Hell], lines 4–7; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2ⁿᵈ revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

Oh! how hard a thing it is to say what was this forest savage, rough, and stern, which in the very thought renews the fear. So bitter is it, death is little more


nosco

From Vulgar Latin nōscum, from Latin nōbīscum (“with us”).

Euripide v’è nosco e Antifonte,
Simonide, Agatone e altri piùe
Greci che già di lauro ornar la fronte.

1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XXII”, in Purgatorio [Purgatory], lines 106–108; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2ⁿᵈ revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

With us is Euripides, and Antiphon, [and] Simonides, [and] Agatho, and many more Greeks who adorned their foreheads with laurel.

ἀλλ’ οἵ περ πρότεροι ὑπὲρ ὅρκια δηλήσαντο
τῶν ἤτοι αὐτῶν τέρενα χρόα γῦπες ἔδονται,
ἡμεῖς αὖτ’ ἀλόχους τε φίλας καὶ νήπια τέκνα
ἄξομεν ἐν νήεσσιν, ἐπὴν πτολίεθρον ἕλωμεν.

1810 [c. 8ᵗʰ century BCE], “Libro IV”, in Vincenzo Monti, transl., Iliade, translation of Ῑ̓λιάς (Īliás, Iliad) by Homer (in Epic Greek), lines 284–289; republished as Iliade di Omero^(https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Iliade_(Monti)), 4ᵗʰ edition, Milan: Società tipografica dei classici italiani, 1825:

Those who first broke the agreement, will find themselves [being a] meal for voracious vultures, as we take with us their beloved wives—together with their children—as prisoners, [once] Troy [is] destroyed.

all’ hoí per próteroi hupèr hórkia dēlḗsanto
tôn ḗtoi autôn térena khróa gûpes édontai,
hēmeîs aût’ alókhous te phílas kaì nḗpia tékna
áxomen en nḗessin, epḕn ptolíethron hélōmen.


gliene

Gliene ho dato

Gliene ho parlato


glielo

Glielo mostri.


ve

Ve lo consiglio

Ve ne ne sarei molto grato


ello

From Latin illum (“that”), from earlier olle, from Old Latin ollus (“he, that”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“beyond, other”).


esso

head

esso m or n (plural essi, feminine essa)


cui

(formal) dative of che: to whom; to which


nostra

Inherited from Latin nostram, feminine of noster.


nostre

Inherited from Latin nostrās, accusative feminine plural of noster, also used as the nominative in Proto-Romance.


altrettanto

Univerbation of altro + e + tanto, corresponding to Latin alterum et tantum (compare also French autant, Venetian altretanto).

"Buon viaggio!" / "Grazie, altrettanto"

"Have a good trip!" / "Thanks, same to you"

(in response to good wishes, etc.) same to you, you too

Sono passati tre minuti. Ve ne rimangono altrettanto.

Three minutes have passed. There remain (for you guys) just as many.


essa

From Latin ipsa, feminine singular of ipse.


questa

From Vulgar Latin *eccu ista, from Latin (ec)cu(m) ista(m), from iste.


troppo

From Vulgar Latin *troppus, from Late Latin troppus, borrowed from Frankish *þorp (“a cluster, agglomeration", also "collection of houses, village”), from Proto-Germanic *þurpą (“village”), from Proto-Indo-European *trab-, *treb- (“dwelling, room”). Cognate with French trop (“too much”), Piedmontese tròp/trop. More at trop, thorp and troop.


propio

propia (feminine)
propi (masculine plural)
propie (feminine plural)

(colloquial or archaic) Alternative form of proprio


chiunque

From chi (“who”) + -unque (indefinite suffix). Formed similarly to, and possibly influenced by, Latin quicumque. Compare also French quiconque.


ciascuno

From Vulgar Latin *cisque-unus, from Latin quisque ūnus, and influenced by cadauno. Cf. French chacun, Catalan cadascun.


ciò

Inherited from Late Latin ecce hoc, from ecce (“behold, voilà”) + hoc (“this”). Compare Sicilian zoccu.


colei

Contracted from Vulgar Latin *eccum illaei, (genitive-)dative feminine singular of *eccum ille, under the influence of *illui. Cognate to Italian lei.


coloro

From Vulgar Latin *eccum illorum, genitive(-dative) plural of *eccum ille, also the source of quello. Compare Romanian acelor and Old French celeur.


colui

head

colui m (feminine colei, plural coloro, demonstrative)

Contracted from Vulgar Latin *eccum illui, (genitive-)dative masculine singular of *eccum ille, under the influence of Latin cui (“to whom”). Compare French celui. and Romanian acelui.

Dopo tutto, Colui-Che-Non-Deve-Essere-Nominato ha fatto grandi cose...terribili, è vero, ma grandi.

1998, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e la pietra filosofale, page 85:

After all, He-Who-Must-Not-Be-Named did great things...terrible, yes, but great.

La gloria di colui che tutto move per l'universo penetra, e risplende in una parte più e meno altrove.

1320, Dante Alighieri, La Divina Commedia, Paradiso, Canto I:

The glory of Him that moves everything in the universe permeates and shines in one part and less in another.

(literary, used to indicate a person far from both the speaker and the listener) he, him; that man

(literary, archaic, belonging to a person far from both the speaker and the listener) his


costei

From Vulgar Latin *eccum istaei, (genitive-)dative of *eccum iste. Compare Romanian acestei, Old French cestei.


costui

costui m (feminine costei, plural costoro, demonstrative)

From Vulgar Latin *eccum istūi, (genitive-)dative masculine singular of *eccum iste, from Latin eccum + istī, influenced by cui (“to whom”). Compare Romanian acestui, Old French cestui.

Non è costui quel ch'essi cercan di uccidere?

1911, Giovanni Diodatti, Il Nuovo Testamento del Nostro Signore e Salvatore Gesù Cristo, San Giovanni 7:25, page 247:

Isn't this the man they are trying to kill?

(literary, used to indicate a person close to the speaker) he, him; this man


ella

ella f (plural elle, archaic plural elleno)

From Latin illa, feminine of ille (“that”).


proprio

proprio m (feminine singular propria, masculine plural propri, feminine plural proprie)

propria (feminine singular)
propri (masculine plural)
proprie (feminine plural)

(possessive) one's, one's own, her (own), its (own), their (own)


ognuno

From ogni (“each, every”) + uno (“one”).

(only in the masculine) everyone, everybody


stesso

stesso m sg (feminine singular stessa, masculine plural stessi, feminine plural stesse)

stessa (feminine singular)
stessi (masculine plural)
stesse (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Italian istesso, from Latin istum (“that”) + ipsum (“himself”).

(the same person) same, same person, same man

È lo stesso.


qualsiasi cosa

qualsiasi cosa, basta che funzioni


nol

Nol dire!

(literary, archaic) Contraction of non lo (“not ... it”).


parecchio

parecchia (feminine)
parecchi (masculine plural)
parecchie (feminine plural)

From Late Latin pariculus, diminutive of Latin pār. Doublet of pareglio and pariglio, both borrowed via Old French pareil. Compare Spanish parejo.

(in the plural) several, quite a lot, quite a few


Ella

(formal, polite) Alternative letter-case form of ella (“you”)


quella

From Vulgar Latin *eccum illa, inflection of *eccum ille. Feminine counterpart to Italian quello.


questi

From Latin (ec)cu(m) istī (nominative masculine plural of iste).

uder

nominative masculine plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">iste</i>


queste

From Latin (ec)cu(m) istae (nominative feminine plural of iste).

inh

nominative feminine plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">iste</i>


altrui

From Vulgar Latin *alterūi, corresponding to classical Latin alterī (dative singular of alter). The -ui ending, analogous to lui, costui, colui, is ultimately due to the influence of cui.

[…] guardai in alto e vidi le sue spalle ¶ vestite già de’ raggi del pianeta ¶ che mena dritto altrui per ogne calle.

1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto I”, in Inferno [Hell], lines 16–18; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2ⁿᵈ revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

Upward I looked, and I beheld its shoulders, ¶ Vested already with that planet's rays ¶ Which leadeth others right by every road.


parecchie

feminine plural of parecchio (“several”)


medesimo

From earlier *metesimo, from Vulgar Latin *metipsimus, from a previous form *metipsissimus, derived from Latin -met (emphatic suffix) + ipse (“himself”) + -issimus (superlative suffix).
Cognate with French même, Spanish mismo, Portuguese mesmo.


quegli

From Old Italian quelli, via palatalization of /ll/ before /i/ (cf. begli < belli), from Vulgar Latin *eccum illī, alternative nominative singular of Vulgar Latin *eccum ille, from Latin eccum + ille.

(archaic) used to refer to someone distant in terms of space or time from the speaker; that (person) (as a subject)


nessun

nessun dorma

nessun altro


entrambi

Inherited from Latin inter ambōs (“between the both of them”).


quantunque

From quanto (“how much”) + -unque (indefinite ending). Formed similarly to, and possibly influenced by, Latin quantuscumque.

suffix

In te misericordia, in te pietate, ¶ in te magnificenza, in te s'aduna ¶ quantunque in creatura è di bontate.

1321, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Paradiso [The Divine Comedy: Paradise] (paperback), Le Monnier, published 2002, Canto XXXIII, pages 588–589, lines 19–21:

In thee compassion is, in thee is pity, ¶ in thee magnificence; in thee unites ¶ whate'er of goodness is in any creature.

Chi vuol veder quantunque può Natura ¶ e 'l Ciel tra noi, venga a mirar costei

1374, Francesco Petrarca, “Chi vuol veder quantunque può Natura [Who wishes to see what Nature can achieve]”, in Il Canzoniere, Florence: Andrea Bettini, published 1858, page 112, lines –:

Who wishes to see what Nature can achieve ¶ among us, and Heaven, come and gaze at her,


granché

Univerbation of gran (“great”) + che (“thing, something”).

univerbation

Non penso che abbia da dirmi granché.

I don't think she's going to tell me anything special.

In tutto ciò, non ci ho capito granché.

(only used in negative sentences) nothing notable, or particularly interesting; not much


-ne

Una volta entrato nel labirinto, non riuscì più ad uscirne.

Once he entered the labyrinth, he couldn't get out of there.

Arrivò a Roma, solo per ripartirne l'indomani.

(literally, “She arrived at Rome, just to leave from there the tomorrow.”)

She arrived at Rome, just to leave the following day.

(adverbial) from there; of there, sometimes not translated in English

Con un po' di fortuna, potrebbe venirne un bel guadagno.

(literally, “With a bit of luck, could come from that a nice profit.”)

With a little luck, it could make a good profit.

Traine la conclusione che preferisci.

(literally, “Take from that the conclusion you prefer.”)

from this; from that; from these; from those, sometimes not translated in English

Spero vorrai parlarne con qualcuno.

(literally, “I hope you will want to talk about that with someone.”)

I hope you're going to talk to someone about that.

Credo ti convenga abituarti a sentirne parlare.

(literally, “I believe to you ought to accustom yourself to hearing about that talk.”)

I think you'd better get used to hearing about that.

Responne Tito Livio e dice: «Questo faccio per ponere requie allo animo mio». Quasi dica: «Lo animo mio ène stimolato de scrivere questa materia. Voglione toccare. Puoi me se posa consolato lo mio animo».

1350s, anonymous author, “Prologo e primo capitolo dove se demostra le rascione per le quale questa opera fatta fu [Preface and first chapter wherein the reason for which this work was made is shown]”, in Cronica [Chronicle]; republished as Giuseppe Porta, editor, Anonimo romano - Cronica, Adelphi, 1979, →ISBN:

Livy replies to this by saying: "I do this in order to give my soul peace"; almost as if saying: "My soul is stimulated to write about this subject: I want to touch on it. Afterwards, my comforted soul can calm down."

about this; about that; about these; about those

La torta era squisita. Posso averne un'altra fetta?

(literally, “The cake was delicious. Can I have of that another slice?”)

The cake was delicious. May I have another slice?

È successo tre giorni fa! Come fai a non ricordartene?

(literally, “It happened three days ago! How do you do to not remember of that?”)

It happened three days ago! How can you not remember that?

Vuoi un po' di mele? Eccotene una dozzina.

(literally, “Do you want a few of apples? Here to you of them a dozen.”)

Would you like some apples? Here's a dozen for you.

of this; of that; of these; of those, sometimes not translated in English

Continuo a non capirne la ragione.

(literally, “I keep to not understand for that the reason.”)

Ha detto di non averne bisogno.

(literally, “She said of not have for that need.”)

for this; for that; for these; for those, sometimes not translated in English

andare (“to go”) + -si (enclitic reflexive pronoun) + -ne → andarsene (“to go about (in a particular way)”)

venire (“to come”) + -si (enclitic reflexive pronoun) + -ne → venirsene (“to come about (in a particular way)”)

uscire (“to go out; to come out”) + -si (enclitic reflexive pronoun) + -ne → uscirsene (“to say surprisingly or unexpectedly”) (familiar)

intensive particle, used in forms of verbs where it indicates a particular way of carrying out the verb's action

Only used in volerne (“to hold a grudge”)

Alternative form of ne:
Only used in andarne (“to be at stake”)


ambedue

From Latin ambi- (“both”) + Latin duo (“two”), via due. Compare Old Italian amendue and Old French ambedeus.


il quale

la quale (feminine)
i quali (masculine plural)
le quali (feminine plural)

la persona con la quale ho parlato

Gente vien con la quale esser non deggio.
Sieti raccomandato il mio Tesoro,
nel qual io vivo ancora, e più non cheggio

1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XV”, in Inferno [Hell], lines 118–120; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2ⁿᵈ revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

There comes people with whom I cannot be. May my Tesoro—in which I live on—be entrusted to you, and I don't ask anything more.

Quel se ne va, da la scrittura astretto,
dove i dui cavallieri a faccia a faccia
eran nel bosco, e non stavano al rezzo;
fra’ quali entrò con grande audacia in mezzo.

1516–1532, Ludovico Ariosto, “Canto 2”, in Orlando furioso, stanza 15; republished as Santorre Debenedetti, editor, Bari: Laterza, 1928:

He leaves, bound by the writing, to where the two knights were—face to face—in the woods, and they weren't in the shade, between whom he came with great bravery.

L’indivisibile verità mi ha forzato a seguire le tracce luminose di questo grand’uomo, ma gli uomini pensatori, pe’ quali scrivo, sapranno distinguere i miei passi dai suoi.

1764, Cesare Beccaria, “Capitolo I”, in Dei delitti e delle pene:

The indivisible truth forced me to follow the shiny footprints of this great man, but the thinkers, for whom I write, will be able to distinguish my steps from his.

Padron ’Ntoni, e Alessi, e Mena, tutto quello che buscavano colla pesca, col telaio, al lavatoio, e con tutti gli altri mestieri, potevano metterlo da parte, per quella famosa barca di san Pietro, colla quale si guadagnava di rompersi le braccia tutti i giorni per un rotolo di pesce, o per la casa del nespolo, nella quale si sarebbe andati a crepare allegramente di fame!

1881, Giovanni Verga, “Capitolo 13”, in I Malavoglia:

Master ’Ntoni, Alessi, and Mena could save up all they got with fishing, weaving, washing, and all the other occupations, for that famous S. Peter boat, with which one could've broken their arms for a bit of fish every day, or for the Medlar House, to which one could've gone to happily starve to death!

(after a preposition, now formal) whom; which

E l’anno dinanzi che’ Saracini passassero apparve in Genova una fontana che largamente gittò sangue, il quale fu segno de la loro futura distruzione.

1348, Giovanni Villani, “Libro quarto, Ⅳ. Come e perché lo ’mperio di Roma tornò agl’Italiani. [Fourth Book, 4 - How and why the dominion of Rome went back to the Italian]”, in Nuova cronica [New Chronicle], published 1845:

And the year before the Saracens came by, in Genua, a fountain happened to gush lots of blood, which was a sign of their future destruction.

quella benigna e saggia incantatrice,
la quale ha sempre cura di costei,
sappiendo ch’esser de’ progenitrice
d’uomini invitti, anzi di semidei

1516–1532, Ludovico Ariosto, “Canto 7”, in Orlando furioso, stanza 39; republished as Santorre Debenedetti, editor, Bari: Laterza, 1928:

That benign and wise enchantress, who always takes care of it, knowing it has to be progenitor to invincible men—nay, to demigods

Gli uomini [...], se non dopo esser passati tramezzo mille errori nelle cose più essenziali alla vita ed alla libertà, [...], non s’inducono a rimediare ai disordini che gli opprimono, e a riconoscere le più palpabili verità, le quali appunto sfuggono per la semplicità loro alle menti volgari, non avvezze ad analizzare gli oggetti

Men, except after going through a thousand mistakes in the things most essential to life and freedom, don't bring themselves to fix the disorders that oppress them, or to recognize the most tangible truths, which, due to their very simplicity, are missed by vulgar minds, [which are] not used to analyzing objects

intanto ingannavano il tempo a contare storie e indovinelli, buoni pei ragazzi, i quali stavano a sentire con tanto d’occhi intontiti dal sonno

1881, Giovanni Verga, “Capitolo 11”, in I Malavoglia:

In the meantime, they would pass the time telling stories and riddles, good for the boys, who would be listening even with their eyes groggy from sleepiness.

(now rare) who; whom; which; that; subject or object


noialtri

From noi + altri. Compare Venetian noialtri/nialtri, Sicilian nuiautri, Piedmontese nojàutri, Spanish nosotros, Catalan nosaltres, French nous autres.


-lo

dare (“to give”) → darlo (“to give it”)

vendere (“to sell”) → venderlo (“to sell it”)

servire (“to serve”) → servirlo (“to serve it”)

mangia (“eat!”) → mangialo (“eat it!”)


v'

V'amo.

with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects


voialtri

From voi + altri. Compare Sicilian vuiautri, Piedmontese vojàutri, Catalan vosaltres, French vous autres, Spanish vosotros.

you (everyone except me or us, "you lot")


che cosa

Che cosa manca?

Che cosa vogliamo? Tutto!


-ci

dare (“to give”) → darci (“to give ourselves; to give us; to give for us”)

vendere (“to sell”) → venderci (“to sell ourselves; to sell us; to sell to us”)

servire (“to serve”) → servirci (“to serve ourselves; to serve us; to serve to us”)

enclitic form of ci; appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive, accusative and dative forms when the object is first plural person


nullo

«[…] Amor, ch'a nullo amato amar perdona, ¶ mi prese del costui piacer sì forte, ¶ che, come vedi, ancor non m'abbandona. […]»

1321, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Inferno, Le Monnier, published 1994, Canto V, p. 80, vv. 103-105:

« […] Love, that exempts no one beloved from loving, ¶ seized me with pleasure of this man so strongly, ¶ that, as thou seest, it doth not yet desert me. […] »


-la

dare (“to give”) → darla (“to give her”)

vendere (“to sell”) → venderla (“to sell her”)

servire (“to serve”) → servirla (“to serve her”)


ognuna

From ogni (“each, every”) + una (“one”).


cadauno

Cf. Old Italian caduno, catuno, from Vulgar Latin *catūnum, from Latin cata (< Ancient Greek κατά (katá)) + unum. The form cadauno may be through the intermediate of Old Spanish cada uno. Compare Occitan cadun, Catalan cadascun; cf. French chacun. See also ciascuno.


codesto

codesta (feminine)
codesti (masculine plural)
codeste (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Italian cotesto, from Old Italian cotevesto, contracted from a Vulgar Latin introductory locution *eccum tibi istum; compare *eccum iste whence Italian questo.

(dated, regional, literary) this, that (referring to an object close to the addressee)


costoro

From Vulgar Latin *eccum istorum, genitive(-dative) plural of *eccum iste.


c'

(before the vowels e or i) Apocopic form of ci

(colloquial, before every conjugation of avere) Apocopic form of ci


ciascheduno

From Vulgar Latin *cisque et ūnus, from Latin quisque et ūnus.

E non restò di ruinare a valle
fino a Minòs che ciascheduno afferra.

1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XX”, in Inferno [Hell], lines 35–36; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2ⁿᵈ revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

And he didn't stop tumbling down towards Minos, who grasps everyone.

Par chiami invan le dolci sue compagne;
Le qual rimase tra fioretti e foglie
Dolenti Europa ciascheduna piagne.

1475, Angelo Poliziano, “Libro I”, in Stanze de messer Angelo Politiano cominciate per la giostra del magnifico Giuliano di Pietro de Medici, collected in Poesie Italiane by Saverio Orlando, Bologna: Biblioteca Universale Rizzoli, published 1988, section 106:

She seems to be calling her dear companions in vain; they, left behind among the flowers and leaves, each mournfully cry for Europa.

Veggiamo hora quello che le sopradette Prepositioni significano, dando per ciascheduna alcuno esempio.

1540, Francesco Priscianese, Della lingua romana [On the Roman Language], page 7:

Now we'll see what the aforementioned prepositions mean, giving an example for each one.

La somma di tutte queste porzioni di libertà, sacrificate al bene di ciascheduno, forma la sovranità di una nazione

1764, Cesare Beccaria, “II. Origine delle pene. Diritto di punire. [2. Origin of punishments - Right to punish]”, in Dei delitti e delle pene [On Crimes and Punishments], Paris: Dal Molini, published 1780, page 8:

The sum of all these parts of freedom, sacrificed for the good of everyone, forms a nation's sovereignty

Perciocchè non si proponendo nè patria da dovere particolarmente amare, nè strani da odiare; ciascheduno odierà tutti gli altri

1827, Giacomo Leopardi, “Storia del genere umano [History of mankind]”, in Operette morali [Small Moral Works], Florence: Guglielmo Piatti, published 1834, page 21:

Thus, without being presented with either a fatherland to be particularly loved, or strangers to hate, everyone will hate everyone else


cotanto

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *(ec)cu tantum, from Latin eccum + tantum (“so much”).

inh+

Il Greco aviſò il cavallo e diſſe, Meſſere, lo cavalo è di bella guiſa, ma cotanto vi dico, kel cavallo è nutricato a latte d’Aſino.
The Greek looked at the horse and said: «Sir, the horse is of good aspect, but I'm only saying this, that the horse is raised on donkey milk.»

c. 13th century, Novellino (Le ciento novelle antike, Girolamo Benedetti (1525)), D’un savio greco, c’uno re teneva in pregione, come giudicò d’uno destriere


cotesto

From earlier cotevesto, contracted from a Vulgar Latin introductory locution *eccum tibi istum (literally “here [is] that [thing] for you”).


cos'

Cos’hai fatto ieri sera?

(sometimes before a vowel or an h) Apocopic form of cosa (what)


gliel'

(sometimes before a vowel) Apocopic form of gliela

gliel'ho detto

(sometimes before a vowel) Apocopic form of glielo


quest'

(sometimes before a vowel) Apocopic form of questa

(sometimes before a vowel) Apocopic form of questo


un'

(sometimes before a vowel or an h) Apocopic form of una


ch'

(sometimes before a vowel) Apocopic form of che


qual'

(sometimes before a vowel) Apocopic form of quale


nient'

(sometimes before a vowel) Apocopic form of niente


tutt'

(sometimes before a vowel) Apocopic form of tutta

(sometimes before a vowel) Apocopic form of tutto


qualcos'

(sometimes before a vowel) Apocopic form of qualcosa


chicchessia

chi (“who(ever)”) + che (“that”) + sia (“it is”, 3rd person singular present subjunctive of essere (“to be”))
Cognate with Piedmontese chissëssìa.

compound

3rd person singular present subjunctive of <i class="Latn mention" lang="it">essere</i> (“to be”)


glien'

(sometimes before a vowel or an h) Apocopic form of gliene


qualcun'

(sometimes before a vowel) Apocopic form of qualcuna


nessun'

(sometimes before a vowel) Apocopic form of nessuna


qualcosina

diminutive of qualcosa, little something


tant'

(sometimes before a vowel) Apocopic form of tanto


-li

dare (“to give”) → darli (“to give them”)

vendere (“to sell”) → venderli (“to sell them”)

servire (“to serve”) → servirli (“to serve them”)


un po'

Truncation of un poco. Compare French un peu, Portuguese um pouco, and Spanish un poco.

un po' d'allegria


veruno

veruna (feminine)
veruni (masculine plural)
verune (feminine plural)

From Latin vērē ūnus (literally “truly only one”).

inh

(following a negative statement) no one, nobody


amendue

Ultimately from Latin ambo + duae. Compare Old French andui, Romanian amândoi. Doublet of ambedue.


meve

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *mibi, modification of Classical Latin mihi.
Appears to have been native at least to the medieval dialect of the Marche. In Tuscany, may represent a borrowing from the Sicilian poets (cf. the alternative form mentioned above). In that case, meve would reflect a 'nativization' of the vowels, perhaps along the lines of teve, the native status of which in Tuscany is suggested by cotevesto.

me (1ˢᵗ-person singular personal pronoun)


checchessia

che (“what(ever)”) + che (“that”) + sia (“it is”, 3rd person singular present subjunctive of essere (“to be”))


ambedui

(literary, obsolete) Alternative form of ambedue


null'

(sometimes before a vowel) Apocopic form of nulla


eglino

Volpi, e lupi massimamente si pigliano con tagliuola di ferro, che intorno a se hae molti ramponi aguzzati: ed eglino hanno intorno ad esse un'anello

13ᵗʰ century, “ⅩⅩⅩⅡ. Del pigliar lupi, e volpi”, in Trattato dell'agricoltura [Treatise On Agriculture], translation of Opus ruralium commodorum libri Ⅻ by Pietro De' Crescenzi, published 1605, page 526:

Foxes, and especially wolves, are caught by using an iron snare, which has many sharp points around, and they have a ring around them

acciò ch’eglino si esercitino adoperando le virtudi e schifino i vizii, e l’aversitadi sostegnano con forte animo a bene e stato della nostra repubblica

1348, Giovanni Villani, “Libro primo [First Book]”, in Nuova Cronica [New Chronicle], published 1991, section 1:

so that they practice, employing virtues, and reject vices, and shoulder adversities with a strong soul, for the good and stability of our republic

e’ cercano e’ figliuoli farli massai, ivi gli fanno miseri e servili, dove eglino stimano più le ricchezze che lo onore

15ᵗʰ century, Leon Battista Alberti, I libri della famiglia, collected in Opere volgari, page 19:

They try to make their sons into bailiffs, so they make them miserable and servile, where they appreciate riches more than honor

I Medicamenti, che si maneggiano dallo Speziale, ò eglino son semplici al senso, et all'apparenza, ò si chiamano semplici rispetto alle medicine composte.

1567, Ricettario fiorentino [Florentine Cookbook], page 8:

The medicaments handled by the grocer, they either are simple to the senses, or in appearance, or are called "simple" as opposed to the compound medications.

Piatti di frastagliami,
Frutte, pane, salumi: ove vann' eglino?

1619, Michelangelo Buonarroti the Younger, La fiera, published 1726, page 131:

Plates of offal, fruit, bread, sausages: where are they going?

Ha corte l’ali la ragione andando dietro a’ sensi; perchè più oltre di quello, ch’eglino apprendono, ella in cotale inchiesta non può comprendere.

1668, Francesco Redi, Esperienze intorno alla generazione degl’insetti [Experiences About the Generation of Insects], Florence, page 3:

Reason has short wings when following the senses, because it cannot comprehend more, in this research, than what they can learn.

La tortura e i tormenti sono eglino giusti, e ottengono eglino il fine che si propongono le leggi?

1764, Cesare Beccaria, “Introduzione [Introduction]”, in Dei delitti e delle pene [On Crimes and Punishments], Paris: Dal Molini, published 1780, page 5:

Torture and torments, are they right, and do they reach the end at which the laws aim?

Deucalione e Pirra […] sedevano in cima a una rupe chiamando la morte con efficacissimo desiderio, non che eglino temessero nè deplorassero il fato comune.

1827, Giacomo Leopardi, “Storia del genere umano [History of Humankind]”, in Operette morali [Small Moral Works], Florence: Guglielmo Piatti, published 1834, page 11:

Deucalion and Pyrrha sat at the top of a cliff, calling for Death with a very effective desire, for they did not fear or shame the common fate

I Volsci per grande dispetto uscirono alla battaglia (però ch'eglino credevano che la maggior parte de' Romani fosse distrutta e morta da' Galli)

1846, Claudio Dalmazzo, “Libro sesto”, in La prima deca di Tito Livio [Titus Livius' First Decade], translation of Ab Urbe Condita Libri by Titus Livius, page 87:

With great disdain, the Volsci came out to battle (because they thought the largest part of the Romans had been destroyed and killed by the Gauls)

ivi ben poco apprendono, se non che ombre li seguono ovunque eglino vadano

1894, Gabriele D'Annunzio, Elegie romane, page 252:

And there they learn very little, except that shadows follow them wherever they go


elleno

From elle (“they (feminine)”) + a -no suffix akin to that of third-person plural verb endings (cfr. -ano, -ono).


nisuno

head

nisuno m sg (singular only, feminine nisuna)

De qua 'n ce sta nisuno.


niuno

From Latin nē ūnus (literally “not one”).


-mi

dare (“to give”) → darmi (“to give myself; to give me; to give to me”)

vendere (“to sell”) → vendermi (“to sell myself; to sell me; to sell to me”)

servire (“to serve”) → servirmi (“to serve myself; to serve me; to serve to me”)


-le

dare (“to give”) → darle (“to give them; to give for her”)

vendere (“to sell”) → venderle (“to sell them; to sell to her”)

servire (“to serve”) → servirle (“to serve them; to serve to her”)


Loro

(uncommon, very formal or polite) you (plural)

with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects


Sua

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

(possessive) feminine singular of Suo (“yours (formal or polite)”)


Suoi

(possessive) masculine plural of Suo (“yours (formal or polite)”)


-ti

dare (“to give”) → darti (“to give yourself; to give you; to give for you”)

vendere (“to sell”) → venderti (“to sell yourself; to sell you; to sell to you”)

servire (“to serve”) → servirti (“to serve yourself; to serve you; to serve to you”)


-vi

dare (“to give”) → darvi (“to give yourselves; to give you; to give for you”)

vendere (“to sell”) → vendervi (“to sell yourselves; to sell you; to sell to you”)

servire (“to serve”) → servirvi (“to serve yourselves; to serve you; to serve to you”)


qualcheduna

head

qualcheduna f (masculine form qualcheduno)


ben altro

ben altra (feminine)
ben altri (masculine plural)
ben altre (feminine plural)

Ho ben altro da fare che starti ad ascoltare!

I have much more to do than just listen to you!

(masculine, in the singular) other (more important) things

Problemi ce ne sono ben altri.

(usually in the plural) other, more important


cotevesto

Contracted from a Vulgar Latin introductory locution *eccum tibi istum (literally “here [is] that [thing] for you”).


neuno

neuno m sg (singular only, feminine neuna)

From Latin ne ūnus (literally “not one”).


ellino

From elli (“they”) + a -no suffix akin to that of third-person plural verb endings (cfr. -ano, -ono).


Le

Nel ringraziarLa per la Sua risposta, Le porgo i miei distinti saluti.

(formal) Alternative letter-case form of le (“you”)


-gli

dare (“to give”) → dargli (“to give for him; to give for them”)

vendere (“to sell”) → vendergli (“to sell to him; to sell to them”)

servire (“to serve”) → servirgli (“to serve to him; to serve to them”)


Voi

(uncommon, very formal or polite, chiefly southern Italy) you (in the singular)


tutti e

tutti e tre

Ansimavano tutti e due, ma il sorriso era tornato agli angoli della bocca della ragazza.

2000, George Orwell, translated by Stefano Manferlotti, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Mondadori, page 105:

They were both breathing fast, but the smile had reappeared round the corners of her mouth.

(followed by a cardinal number) all (of them)


niente di niente

Literally, “nothing of nothing”. Compare French rien de rien.


codestui

(literary, dated, uncommon, demonstrative) Alternative form of cotestui


codestei

codestei f (plural codestoro, masculine codestui)

(dated, literary, it, uncommon) Alternative form of cotestei


codestoro

codestoro m pl or f pl (masculine singular codestui, feminine singular codestei)

codestui (masculine singular)
codestei (feminine singular)

(literary, dated, uncommon, demonstrative) Alternative form of cotestoro


cotestei

cotestei f (plural cotestoro, masculine cotestui)

(literary, dated, demonstrative) she; her; this woman (used to indicate a person close to the speaker)


cotestui

cotestui m (plural cotestoro, feminine cotestei)

From Vulgar Latin *eccum tibi istūi. Compare costui and codesto.

(literary, dated, demonstrative) he; him; this man (used to indicate a person close to the speaker)


cotestoro

cotestoro m pl or f pl (masculine singular cotestui, feminine singular cotestei)

cotestui (masculine singular)
cotestei (feminine singular)

From Vulgar Latin *eccum tibi istōrum. Compare costoro and codesto.

(literary, dated, demonstrative) they; them; these people (used to indicate people close to the speaker)


ləi

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ləi.

(gender-neutral, rare, neologism) (s)he, they (singular), gender-neutral third person singular pronoun