Iraq

Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Algeria

From Arabic اَلْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir, “the islands”), plural of جَزِيرَة (jazīra, “island”), referring to the several small islands that once existed in the Bay of Algiers.

der

اَلْجَزَائِر


Andorra

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


Afghanistan

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


Albania

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Armenia

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Argentina

Borrowed from Spanish Argentina, from Latin argentum (“silver”).


Bulgaria

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)

Kosovo Bulgaria Kossovo Bulgaria Cossovo


Bahrain

Bahrain (an archipelago, island, and country in Western Asia, in the Persian Gulf)


Bahamas

Bahamas (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)


Bhutan

Bhutan (a country in South Asia, in the Himalayas)


Cuba

Cuba (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Guatemala

Guatemala (a country in Central America)


Indonesia

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


Iran

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Kiribati

Kiribati (A country consisting mostly of the Gilbert Islands archipelago, located in Micronesia in Oceania)


Kuwait

Kuwait (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein (a microstate in Central Europe)

Kosovo Liechtenstein Kossovo Liechtenstein Cossovo


Monaco

it:Comune di Monaco
it:Monaco
it:Principato di Monaco


Monaco

Munich (the capital and largest city of Bavaria, Germany)


Madagascar

Madagascar (an island and country off the east coast of Africa)


Malta

Malta (an island country in Southern Europe)

Malta (The largest island in the Maltese Archipelago)


Mauritius

Mauritius (A country in the Indian Ocean, east of East Africa and Madagascar)

Mauritius (The main island of the country of Mauritius)


Niger

Niger (a country in West Africa, situated to the north of Nigeria)

Niger (a major river in West Africa, that flows into the Gulf of Guinea in Nigeria)


Nigeria

Nigeria (a country in West Africa, south of the country of Niger)


Nicaragua

Nicaragua (a country in Central America)


Nepal

Nepal (a country in South Asia, located between China and India)


Nauru

Nauru (a country and island in Oceania, in the Pacific Ocean)


Oman

Oman (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Paraguay

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish Paraguay.


Qatar

Qatar (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Sudan

Sudan (a country in North Africa and East Africa)


Singapore

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


Slovenia

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)

Kosovo Slovenia Kossovo Slovenia Cossovo


San Marino

→ Japanese: サンマリノ (San Marino)

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)

Kosovo San Marino Kossovo San Marino Cossovo


Senegal

Senegal (a river on the border between Senegal and Mauritania in West Africa)


El Salvador

El Salvador (a country in Central America)


Swaziland

(historical) Swaziland (The former name of Eswatini, a country in Southern Africa)


Tonga

Tonga (a country and archipelago in Polynesia in Oceania)


Uganda

From Swahili Uganda (“Buganda, subnational kingdom”), from Luganda Buganda (“land of the Ganda”).


Uruguay

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish Uruguay.


Vietnam

Unadapted borrowing from Vietnamese Việt Nam.


Yemen

Yemen (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Zimbabwe

From Shona dzimba-dze-mabwe (“house of stones”), in reference to Great Zimbabwe.


Australia

→⇒ Slavomolisano: Lauštralija

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


Barbados

Barbados (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Burkina Faso

From Moore burkĩna (“honest”) + Dyula faso (“father's house”), coined by Thomas Sankara.

Burkina Faso (a country in West Africa, formerly Upper Volta)


Benin

Benin (a country in West Africa, formerly Dahomey)


Vanuatu

Vanuatu (a country and archipelago in Melanesia in Oceania)


Tuvalu

Tuvalu (a country and archipelago in Polynesia in Oceania)


Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan (a country in Central Asia)


Somalia

Somalia (a country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa)


Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone#English:_Q1044


Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka (an island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India)


Seychelles

Seychelles (an archipelago and country in East Africa, in the Indian Ocean)


Russia

1538, from Medieval Latin Russī (“Russians”). Ultimately from Byzantine Greek Ρωσία (Rōsía).

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Palau

Ultimately from Palauan Belau (“Palau”).

Palau (A country consisting of around 340 islands in Micronesia, in Oceania)


Congo

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

Congo (a country in Central Africa, larger and to the east of the Republic of the Congo)

Congo (a country in Central Africa, smaller and to the west of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)

Congo (a region of Central Africa, comprising the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo)

Congo (a large river in Africa, which flows for about 4,380 km (2,720 miles) to the Atlantic Ocean in the Democratic Republic of Congo)


Costa Rica

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish Costa Rica.

ubor

Costa Rica (a country in Central America)


Dominica

Dominica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Eritrea

desc

إِرِيتْرِيَا

→ Arabic: إِرِيتْرِيَا (ʔirītriyā)

→ Arabic: إِرِيتْرِيَا (ʔirītriyā)

→ English: Eritrea

desctree

→ French: Érythrée, Erythrée (semantic loan)
Haitian Creole: Eritre
→ Persian: اریتره (eritre)
→ Turkish: Eritre

→ German: Eritrea

→ New Latin: Erythraea (“Eritrea”) (learned)
→ German: Erythräa

First used as an ellipsis of la Colonia eritrea (“Italian Eritrea”, literally “the Erythraean colony”), from eritrea, feminine of eritreo (“Erythraean (of or relating to the Erythraean Sea)”), from Latin erythraeus (“reddish”), from Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós, “red”).

Eritrea (a country in East Africa, on the Red Sea)


Georgia

Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)

Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


Guinea-Bissau

Guinea-Bissau (a country in West Africa)


Samoa

Samoa (A country consisting of the western part of the Samoan archipelago in Polynesia, in Oceania)


Micronesia

Micronesia (a geographical region of Oceania)

Micronesia (A country consisting of about 2000 islands in Oceania)


Grenada

Grenada (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Abdera

From Latin Abdēra, from Ancient Greek Ἄβδηρα (Ábdēra).

Abdera (an ancient city in Thrace, in modern Greece)

Abdera (a modern municipality of Xanthi, in the administrative region of Thrace, Greece)


Tasmania

Tasmania (a state and island in Australia)


Rio de Janeiro

Borrowed from Portuguese Rio de Janeiro.

A municipality, the state capital of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; former capital of Brazil

Southeast Region
Southeast Region#English


Paraná

Borrowed from Spanish Paraná or Portuguese Paraná, both from Old Tupi paranã (“river”).

Paraná (a state of the South Region, Brazil; capital: Curitiba)

Paraná (the provincial capital of Entre Ríos, Argentina)

Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul#English

Paraná (a municipality of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)


Canberra

Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory#English

Canberra (the capital city of Australia; located in the Australian Capital Territory)


Sydney

Unadapted borrowing from English Sydney.

(uncountable) Sydney (a major port city, the state capital of New South Wales, Australia, and the most populous city in Australia)

(uncountable) Sydney (a seaport and former city in Nova Scotia, Canada, now part of the amalgamated Cape Breton Regional Municipality on Cape Breton Island)


Adelaide

Adelaide (the state capital of South Australia, Australia)


Ottawa

Ottawa (a city in Ontario, Canada; capital city of Canada)


Brasilia

Distrito Federal
Distrito Federal#English

Brasília (a municipality, the capital city of Brazil; state capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil)


Kuala Lumpur

Unadapted borrowing from Malay Kuala Lumpur.

ubor

Kuala Lumpur (the capital city of Malaysia)

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory of Malaysia)


Hawaii

Borrowed from English Hawaii, from Hawaiian Hawaiʻi.


Madrid

Community of Madrid
Community of Madrid#English

autonomous community
autonomous community

Madrid, Community of Madrid (an autonomous community of Spain)

Madrid (a province of the Community of Madrid, Spain)


California

California (a state of the United States)


Scandinavia

Borrowed from Latin Scandināvia, from Proto-Germanic *Skadinawjō (“Scadia island”).

der

Scandinavian Peninsula
Scandinavian Peninsula

(politics, cultural, linguistic, etc.) Denmark, Norway, and Sweden collectively


Parigi

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


Toscana

From Late Latin (terra) Tuscāna (“the land of the Etruscans”), ultimately from tuscus (“Etruscan”).

administrative region
administrative region

Tuscany (an administrative region of Italy, located north of Lazio and south of Emilia-Romagna)


Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania (a state of the United States)


Lagos

Borrowed from Portuguese Lagos (literally “lakes”).

bor+

A major city, the former capital of Nigeria

A city and municipality of Faro district, Portugal


Liguria

From Latin Liguria, from Ancient Greek Λίγυς (Lígus).

Liguria (an administrative region of northwest Italy)


Los Angeles

Unadapted borrowing from English Los Angeles.

ubor

A large city in California, United States


Manila

Borrowed from Spanish Manila, from Tagalog Maynila, from may (“there is”) + nila (“indigo”), Tagalog nila from Sanskrit नील (nīla).

Manila (the capital city of the Philippines; regional capital of Metro Manila, in the island of Luzon)


New York

Unadapted borrowing from English New York.

New York, New York City (the largest city in the state of New York, and the largest city in the United States)


Nicosia

From Medieval Latin and Old French Nicosia, from Byzantine Greek Λευκωσία (Leukōsía), q.v. Doublet of Lefkosia.

Nicosia (the capital city of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus)


Oslo

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital city of Norway)


Palermo

English: Palermo

Ottoman Turkish: پالرمو (Palermo)

Turkish: Palermo

Palermo (a city and province of Sicily, Italy)


Syracuse

Syracuse (a city in New York, United States)


Tarragona

Tarragona (a city in Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain)


Tirana

Tirana (a municipality, the capital and largest city of Albania, located in the center of the country west of the mountain of Dajti on the plain of Tirana; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality)


Tokyo

Borrowed from Japanese 東京 (とうきょう, Tōkyō, literally “Eastern capital”), from Middle Chinese 東 (tuwng, “east”) + 京 (kjæng, “capital”).

bor+

とうきょう, Tōkyō

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)


Tripoli

Borrowed from Latin Tripolis, from Ancient Greek Τρίπολις (Trípolis).


Valencia

Valencia (the capital city of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)

Valencian Community
Valencian Community#English

Valencia, Valencian Community (an autonomous community of Spain)

Valencia (a province of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)


Verona

→ English: Verona


Virginia

Borrowed from English Virginia, from Latin Virginia.


Vienna

Of disputed origin. Possibly from the Roman name, Latin Vindobona, or from a Celtic word *Vedunia (“forest stream”), for which compare Proto-Celtic *widus (“woodland”).


Abruzzo

→ English: Abruzzo

→ Portuguese: Abruzzo

From the Late Latin or Medieval Latin name of the location, Aprutium, possibly from Praetūtium, from the name of the people Praetūtiī.

Abruzzo (an administrative region in central Italy)


Valle d'Aosta

Aosta Valley
Aosta Valley#English:_Q1222

Aosta Valley (an autonomous region of northwestern Italy, with a significant fraction of the population speaking Franco-Provençal)

Valle d'Aosta, Aosta (a former province of Aosta Valley, consisting of the whole region; abolished in 1945)


Basilicata

Basilicata (an administrative region of southern Italy)


Calabria

Calabria (a peninsula and administrative region of southern Italy)


Campania

Campania (an administrative region of southern Italy)


Emilia-Romagna

From the former regions Emilia and Romagna, from Latin (via) Aemilia, the Roman road connecting Rome to northern Italy, named after the consul Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Romania, the name of the Eastern Roman Empire applied to Ravenna by the Lombards after the fall of the Western Roman Empire and in the days when Ravenna was a city of the east.

Emilia-Romagna (an administrative region of northern Italy)


Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Friuli-Venezia Giulia#English:_Q1250

Friuli-Venezia Giulia (an autonomous region in northern Italy)


Marche

→ Dutch: Marken (calque)

Marche (an administrative region in central Italy)


Molise

Adaptation of de Moulins, the name of the noble french family ruling over the area from the XI to the XII century originated in Moulins-la-Marche, ultimately from Latin molinus.

Molise (an administrative region of southern Italy)


Trentino-Alto Adige

Trentino-Alto Adige
Trentino-Alto Adige#English:_Q1237

Trentino-Alto Adige (an autonomous region of northern Italy)


Umbria

After the Umbri, an ancient Italic tribe inhabiting the region.

Umbria (an administrative region in central Italy)


Veneto

Veneto (an administrative region of northern Italy, roughly corresponding to the ancient Venetia)


Alessandria

Alessandria (a city and province of Piedmont, Italy)


Cuneo

From Latin cuneus (“wedge”) (whence cuneo and conio), after the shape of the city, which is at the confluence of two rivers. Cognate to Piedmontese Coni.


Novara

Novara (a town and province of Piedmont, Italy)


Agrigento

Borrowed from Latin Agrigentum, possibly from the root words ager (“field”) and gēns (“clan, kin”), but more likely to be a corruption of Ancient Greek Ἀκράγᾰντᾰ (Akrágăntă), from ἄκρος (ákros, “at the edge”). Cognate to Sicilian Girgenti.

Agrigento (a province and city in Sicily, Italy)


Ancona

From Latin Ancōna, from ancōn (“curve, elbow”), due to the form of the cape where the city was founded.

Ancona (a city and province of Marche, Italy)


Aosta

Ultimately from the Latin name of the location, Augusta Praetōria Salassōrum. Cognate with French Aoste, Franco-Provençal Outa, Sicilian Agusta.

Aosta (the sole province of Valle d'Aosta, Italy)


Arezzo

From Latin Ārrētium, from Etruscan 𐌀𐌓𐌉𐌕𐌉𐌌 (aritim).

Arezzo (a city and province of Tuscany, Italy)


Ascoli Piceno

Ascoli Piceno (a town and province of Italy)


Benevento

Benevento (a province of Campania, Italy)

Benevento (the capital city of the province of Benevento, Campania, Italy)


Bergamo

Bergamo (a city and province of Lombardy, Italy)


Biella

First appears as Bugella in Medieval Latin during the early 9th century.

Biella (a city and province of Piedmont, Italy)


Bologna

From Latin Bonōnia, ultimately from Celtic.


Bolzano

From earlier Bolgiano, from Vulgar Latin Bauzana, Bauzanum, from earlier Bautianum, Baudianum, from Bautius, Baudius, a latinization of a Celtic personal name. Cognate with German Bozen, which is derived from a variant Vulgar Latin form (Pauzana, Pozana).

Trentino-Alto Adige
Trentino-Alto Adige#English

Bolzano (the provincial capital of South Tyrol, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy)


Brescia

From Lombard Brèsa, Latin Brixia, probably from a Gaulish/Celtic (Cisalpine) root meaning "hill".

Brescia (the capital city of Brescia province, Lombardy, Italy)


Brindisi

From Latin Brundisium, from Ancient Greek Βρεντέσιον (Brentésion), said to be from the Messapic word for the head of a male deer, possibly based on the shape of the port. Compare Proto-Albanian *brina (Albanian bri) and *drani (Albanian dre).

Brindisi (a city and province of Apulia, Italy)


Cagliari

From Latin Caralis, ultimately of Phoenician origin.

Cagliari (a city and province of Sardinia, Italy)


Caltanissetta

From the Arabic name in antiquity, قَلْعَة النِسَاء (qalʕa an-nisāʔ, “Fort of the Women”).

Caltanissetta (a city and province of Sicily, Italy)


Campobasso

The original name in Medieval Latin was Campus Vassorum, indicating the city was a seat of vassals. It later changed to its current form, meaning "low field" (campo + basso).

Campobasso (a town and province of Italy)


Caserta

From Medieval Latin casa irta (“impregnable house”), referring to its elevation in relation to the surrounding area.

Caserta (the capital of Caserta province, Campania, Italy)


Catania

Named by the indigenous Sicel people; from Sicel katane (“grater, flaying knife, skinning place; crude tool apt to pare”) (compare Ancient Greek κατάνη (katánē)). The name was adopted by Greek settlers, survived Hellenization and passed into Roman rule.

der

Catania (the capital city of the Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy)


Catanzaro

From Latin Catanciarium, from the earlier Catacium, from the original Ancient Greek name Katantza'rion, from Καταρτάριοι (Katartárioi, “silk spinners”), as the town was known for its silk.

Catanzaro (a town and province of Italy)


Chieti

Chieti (the capital city of the province of Chieti, Abruzzo, Italy)


Cosenza

From Latin Cōnsentia, Cosentia, from consentia.

Cosenza (a town and province of Calabria, Italy)


Cremona

Cremona (a province and city in Lombardy, Italy)


Crotone

Learned from Latin Crotōn or Crotō, ultimately from Ancient Greek Κρότων (Krótōn).
Historically known as Cotrone from the Middle Ages until 1928, when the ancient spelling was restored and imposed, because of the Fascist toponymical policies. It is still called Cutrona in the local Sicilian-calabrian dialect. Compare the surname Cutrona, which is borrowed from the Sicilian Cutrona.


Enna

From Latin Henna or Haenna, of obscure origin. Originally known as Castrogiovanni from the local Sicilian Castrugiuvanni, from the Arabic name for it, قَصْر يَانِيّ (qaṣr yāniyy, “castle of John”), actually a corruption of Latin castrum ("fort") and Henna. The name was changed in 1927 under Mussolini.


Foggia

From Latin Fodia, later form of Fovea (“small pit”). See fovea.

A province of Apulia, Italy, around the city.


Forli

Alternative form of Forlì (“Forli”), the capital city of the province of Forlì-Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy


Frosinone

Frosinone (a town and province of Lazio, Italy)


Imperia

A town and province on the coast of Liguria, Italy


L'Aquila

L'Aquila (the capital city of L'Aquila province, Italy)


La Spezia

From Latin Spedia, plus the definite article.

La Spezia (a province and city in Liguria, Italy)


Lecce

Evolution of the original Roman names, Latin Licea, Litium (2nd century CE), and Lupiae (3rd century BCE).

Lecce (a city and province of Apulia, Italy)


Lecco

From Latin Leucum, of Celtic/Gaulish origin, from or related to leux (“shining, white”).


Livorno

From Old Italian Legorno, from Latin Liburnus, from Liburnī, name of the ancient population of Liburnians.

Livorno (a province and city in Tuscany, Italy)


Lodi

Was known in Latin in Roman times as Laus Pompeia or Laus Nova, from laus (“praise”) (genitive laudis), whence lode came in Italian.


Lucca

Lucca (the capital city of the province of Lucca, Tuscany, Italy)


Macerata

Probably from macerie (“rubble”), referring to the city's rebuilding after the Goths' destruction of Ricina.


Messina

From Latin Messāna, from Ancient Greek Μεσσήνη (Messḗnē, “Messene”), named by a Greek tyrant after the site of Ancient Messene in Peloponnese, Greece.

Messina (a city and province of Sicily, Italy)


Modena

From Latin Mutina, from Etruscan 𐌌𐌖𐌕𐌍𐌀 (mutna).

Modena (a province of Emilia-Romagna, Italy)

Modena (a city in Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy)


Nuoro

Borrowed from Sardinian Nùgoro. Cognate with Sicilian Nùguru.

Nuoro (a town and province of Sardinia, Italy)


Oristano

From Latin Aristianis, later Aristanis (Byzantine Greek Αριστάνις (Aristánis)).

Oristano (a province of Sardinia, Italy)

Oristano (the capital city of the province of Oristano, Sardinia, Italy)


Pavia

Pavia (the capital city of the province of Pavia, Lombardy, Italy)


Perugia

Perugia (a city and province of Umbria, Italy)


Pescara

From Latin Piscaria (“abounding with fish”); see piscis. Former name Aternum.

Pescara (the capital city of the province of Pescara, Abruzzo, Italy)


Piacenza

From the Latin Placentia, from placentia < placēns (“pleasing, welcoming”).


Pistoia

Pistoia (the capital city of the province of Pistoia, Tuscany, Italy)


Pordenone

Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Friuli-Venezia Giulia#English

Pordenone (a province of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy)

Pordenone (the capital city of the province of Pordenone, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy)


Potenza

From Latin Potentia, from potentia < potens.

Potenza (a city and province of Basilicata, Italy)


Prato

Prato (the capital city of the province of Prato, Tuscany, Italy)


Ragusa

Ragusa (a town and province of Sicily, Italy)


Ravenna

From Latin Ravenna, possibly of Etruscan origin.


Rieti

Borrowed from Latin Reāte, possibly ultimately via Proto-Italic *reia-te- from Proto-Indo-European *rey- (“to flow”).

Rieti (the capital city of the province of Rieti, Lazio, Italy)


Rimini

Rimini (a province of Emilia-Romagna, Italy)

Rimini (a resort city, the capital of the province of Rimini, Emilia-Romagna, Italy)


Rovigo

Rovigo (a province and town in Veneto, Italy)


Salerno

From Latin Salernum, from one of the city's Etruscan names.

Salerno (a city and province of Campania, Italy)


Savona

From Latin Savōnem f, with the ending feminized to /-a/.

Savona (the capital city of the province of Savona, Liguria, Italy)


Sondrio

Sondrio (a town and province of Lombardy, Italy)


Taranto

From Latin Tarentum, from Ancient Greek Τάρᾱς (Tárās), probably from Illyrian *darandos (“oak”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”), which also yields Albanian dru (“wood, tree”).


Teramo

Ultimately from the Latin name of the site, Interamnia Praetutorium (“city of the Praetutii tribe between two rivers”) or Interamnium, later becoming Teramum.

Teramo (the capital city of the province of Teramo, Abruzzo, Italy)


Terni

From Latin Interamna Nahars (literally “between rivers”), referring to the Nera and Tiber. See also Ancient Greek Ἰντέραμνα (Intéramna).

Terni (the capital city of the province of Terni, Umbria, Italy)


Trapani

Ultimately from Latin Drepanum, Drepanon, Ancient Greek Δρέπανον (Drépanon, “sickle”), a reference to the curving shape of its harbor.

Trapani (the capital city of the province of Trapani, Sicily, Italy)


Trento

Inherited from Latin Tridentum (literally “three teeth”), named for the three hills that surround the city.

inh+

Trento (the provincial capital of Trentino, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy)

(rare) Trentino (a province of Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy)


Treviso

From Latin Tarvisium, Tarvisum, from the name of the Celtic tribe, Taurusci.

Treviso (a town and province of Veneto, Italy)


Trieste

From Latin Tergeste, probably of Venetic origin. The first element, terg may have meant "market" (thus cognate to Albanian treg, Proto-Slavic *tъrgъ, Old Norse torg), and the second element, -est, may have meant "place".


Udine

First mentioned as Utinum in Medieval Latin in the 10th century.


Varese

Ultimately from Latin Baretium, Varetium, Varesium, borrowed via Lombard.

Varese (the capital city of the province of Varese, Lombardy, Italy)


Vercelli

Vercelli (a town and province of Piedmont, Italy)


Vicenza

From the Latin Vīcentia, a form of Vīcētia.


Viterbo

Viterbo (a province and town in Lazio, Italy)


Andalusia

From the Arabic الْأَنْدَلُس (al-ʔandalus)/الْأَنْدُلُس (al-ʔandulus, “Iberia”), from Late Latin *Vandalicia (“land of the Vandals”).

der

الْأَنْدَلُس

Andalusia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Larissa

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Λάρισσα (Lárissa).

bor+

Larissa (a city, the regional capital of Thessaly, Greece)


Ostia

English: Ostia

(historical) A town and port in Italia, Roman Empire

Ostia
A town and port in Italia, Roman Empire


Sofia

Borrowed from Bulgarian София (Sofija, “Sophie, Sophia”), named after the Church of St. Sofia.


Reykjavik

Unadapted borrowing from Icelandic Reykjavík (“bay of smokes”).


Napoli

From Latin Neāpolis, from Ancient Greek Νεᾱ́πολῐς (Neā́polĭs), from νέᾱ (néā, “new”) + πόλῐς (pólĭs, “city”).

Naples (a province and city in Campania, Italy)


anglo

it-adj

anglo (feminine angla, masculine plural angli, feminine plural angle)

angla (feminine)
angli (masculine plural)
angle (feminine plural)


Argovia

Aargau, Argovia (a canton of Switzerland)


Neuchâtel

Unadapted borrowing from French Neuchâtel.

ubor

Neuchâtel (the capital city of Neuchâtel canton, Switzerland)


Italia

desc

→ Arabic: إِيطَالِيَا (ʔīṭāliyā)

→ Arabic: إِيطَالِيَا (ʔīṭāliyā)

→ Japanese: イタリア (Itaria)

→ Korean: 이탈리아 (Itallia)

→ Maltese: Italja

→ Slavomolisano: Litalija

→ Persian: ایتالیا (itâliyâ)

Borrowed from Latin Italia, from Ancient Greek Ῑ̓ταλίᾱ (Ītalíā), from Oscan 𐌅𐌝𐌕𐌄𐌋𐌉𐌞 (víteliú, “land of bulls”), a name for the southwestern tip of the boot of Italy; usually assumed to be a cognate of vitulus (“calf”).


Cina

From Persian چینی (“Chinese, porcelain”) under influence from Medieval Latin Sina (“China”), q.v., from چین (Čin, “China”) + ـی, from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (Čīn, “China”), ultimately from Sanskrit चीन (Cīna), possibly from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin, “Qin”).

Repubblica Popolare Cinese
Repubblica Popolare Cinese

China. Official name: Repubblica Popolare Cinese


Minnesota

Minnesota (a state of the United States)


Genova

From Latin Genua, possibly from the Ancient Ligurian word for knee. Compare also Latin genu; alternatively it may derive ultimately from a Celtic root *genu-, *genawa (“mouth (i.e. estuary”), making it possibly akin to the root of Geneva as well.

Genoa (the capital city of Liguria, Italy)


Odessa

Odessa (a city, the administrative center of Odessa Oblast, Ukraine)


Texas

Borrowed from English Texas, from Spanish Texas, Tejas.


Gerusalemme

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Colombo

Colombo (the commercial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka)


Puglia

Apulia (a peninsula and administrative region in southern Italy)


Lazio

Lazio (an administrative region of Italy, situated in the central peninsular section of the country with Rome as its capital)


Sicilia

→ Albanian: Sicila

→ Japanese: シチリア

→ Korean: 시칠리아 (sichillia)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سچلیا

Turkish: Sicilya

Sicily (The largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, an autonomous region of Italy, close to Africa and separated from Tunisia and Libya by the Strait of Sicily)


Lombardia

From Latin Langobardia, named after Langobards ("long beards"), a Germanic tribe that invaded the region along with much of northern Apennine Peninsula in 6th century.

Lombardy (an administrative region in northern Italy, where its capital and the largest city Milan is founded in the Po Valley)


Milano

From Latin Mediōlānum, possibly of Gaulish origin.

Milan (the capital city of Lombardy, Italy)


Piemonte

Inherited from Latin Pedemontium (literally “at the foot of mountains”) or Pedemontis, from pēs (“foot”) and mōns (“mountain”).

inh+

Piedmont (an administrative region in the north of Italy)


Sardegna

→ French: Sardaigne

→ Sardinian: Sardigna

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


Torino

→ Translingual: Torino

→ English: Torino

→ Danish: Torino

→ Estonian: Torino

→ Finnish: Torino

→ Japanese: トリノ

→ Turkish: Torino

From the Roman name, Latin Augusta Iulia Taurinorum, ultimately from the name of the Taurini, a Celtic-Ancient Ligurian tribe.

Turin (the capital city of Piedmont, Italy)


Newcastle

Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne#English

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne (a large city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in northeastern England)

Newcastle (a large city in New South Wales, Australia)

Newcastle (a large city in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa)


Zaire

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

(historical) Zaire (A former country (1971–1997) in Central Africa; now the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


Murray

Unadapted borrowing from English Murray.

A city, the county seat of Calloway County, Kentucky, United States

A village in Cass County, Nebraska, United States

A town in Orleans County, New York, United States

A city in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States

Salt Lake County
Salt Lake County#English


New Jersey

Unadapted borrowing from English New Jersey.

ubor

New Jersey (a state of the United States)


Firenze

→ Danish: Firenze

→ Finnish: Firenze

→ Japanese: フィレンツェ (Firentse)

→ Korean: 피렌체 (Pirenche)

From Old Italian Fiorenze, from Latin Flōrentiae, locative of Flōrentia. Cf. the alternative obsolete form Fiorenza, from the accusative.

Con ciò sia cosa che per gli nostri antichi Fiorentini poche e nonn-ordinate memorie si truovino di fatti passati della nostra città di Firenze, […], io Giovanni cittadino di Firenze, considerando la nobiltà e grandezza della nostra città a’ nostri presenti tempi, mi pare che si convegna di raccontare e fare memoria dell’origine e cominciamento di così famosa città

1348, Giovanni Villani, “Libro primo [First Book]”, in Nuova Cronica [New Chronicle], published 1991, section 1:

Since few and disorderly memories are found, among our oldest Florentines, of past events of our city Florence, I – Giovanni, citizen of Florence –, considering our city's nobility and greatness at the present time, believe it's appropriate to tell and remember the origin and the beginning of such a famous city.

Florence (the capital city of Tuscany, Italy)


Grecia

Borrowed from Latin Graecia, from Ancient Greek Γραικός (Graikós).

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Siria

From Latin Syria, from Ancient Greek Συρία (Suría).

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Iberia

Iberian peninsula
Iberian peninsula#English

Iberia, the Iberian peninsula (A region of Europe south of the Pyrenees, consisting of Andorra, Spain, Portugal, and Gibraltar)

Kingdom of Iberia
Kingdom of Iberia#English

(historical) (historical) Iberia, Kingdom of Iberia (Antique and Byzantine name for the ancient Georgian kingdom of Kartli in Eastern Europe, located east of Colchis, corresponding roughly to the eastern parts of present-day Georgia)


Arkansas

Unadapted borrowing from English Arkansas.


Colorado

Borrowed from English Colorado, from Spanish colorado.


Connecticut

Unadapted borrowing from English Connecticut.

Connecticut (a state of the United States)


Massachusetts

Massachusetts (a state of the United States)


Mississippi

Mississippi (a state of the United States)


New Hampshire

Unadapted borrowing from English New Hampshire.

New Hampshire (a state of the United States)


Nevada

Borrowed from English Nevada, from Spanish nevada (“snow-covered”, feminine).


Rhode Island

Unadapted borrowing from English Rhode Island.

ubor

Rhode Island (a state of the United States)


Tennessee

Tennessee (a state of the United States)


Vermont

Unadapted borrowing from English Vermont.


Washington

Unadapted borrowing from English Washington.

Washington (a state of the United States)

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)


Wisconsin

Unadapted borrowing from English Wisconsin.

Wisconsin (a state of the United States)


Wyoming

Unadapted borrowing from English Wyoming.


Kent

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

A district municipality of British Columbia, Canada

Western Area Rural District
Western Area Rural District#English

a coastal fishing village in the Western Area Rural District, Sierra Leone

A ghost town in Colusa County, California

A number of places in the United States
A town in Litchfield, Connecticut

census-designated place
census-designated place

A former city and census-designated place in Union County, Iowa

A number of places in the United States
A tiny city in Wilkin County, Minnesota

A number of places in the United States
A town in Putnam County, New York

A number of places in the United States
A city in Portage County, Ohio

A city in King County, Washington, United States; suburb of Seattle


Chicago

Borrowed from English, from Miami šikaakwa (“wild leek, ramp; striped skunk”), via the French transcription Chécagou.


Scozia

Borrowed from Latin Scōtia, after the population of Scōtī, a term of possible Celtic origin.

Scotland (a country in the United Kingdom, Europe)


Nuova Scozia

From nuova (feminine of nuovo (“new”)) + Scozia (“Scotland”); calque of Latin Nova Scotia.

af

feminine of <i class="Latn mention" lang="it">nuovo</i> (“new”)


Spagna

→ Albanian: Spanjë

From Latin Hispānia, from a Phoenician or Punic root.

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Inghilterra

desc

إِنْجِلْتِرَا

→ Arabic: إِنْجِلْتِرَا (ʔinjiltirā)

→ Maltese: Ingilterra

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: انكلتره
> Turkish: İngiltere (inherited)
→ Azerbaijani: İngiltərə

(erroneous, by extension) the United Kingdom


Brenna

Possibly of Celtic origin, as Celts were known to inhabit the area before Romans. The meaning is unclear, but compare Proto-Celtic *branos (“crow”), which is also the source of the Latin name Brennus.

A village in the province of Como, Lombardy, Italy


Giappone

Borrowed from French Japon, from Portuguese Japão, from Malay Jepang, from Hokkien 日本 (Ji̍t-pún), from Middle Chinese 日本 (ȵiɪt̚ puən^X, “sun origin”).


Ucraina

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


Londra

→ Maltese: Londra

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: لوندره (Londra)
Turkish: Londra

→ Romanian: Londra

London (the capital city of England, United Kingdom)


Egitto

→ Maltese: Eġittu

From Latin Aegyptus, from Ancient Greek Αἴγυπτος (Aíguptos), from Egyptian Hwt-t:O1-kA:Z1-p:t-H-A40 (ḥwt-kꜣ-ptḥ, literally “the temple of the ka of Ptah”), referring to Ptah's temple in the important city of Memphis.

der

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


Cipro

Via Latin Cyprus, from Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kúpros).

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


Germania

Repubblica Federale Tedesca
Repubblica Federale Tedesca#Italian

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany; official name: Repubblica Federale Tedesca)

Kosovo Germania Kossovo Germania Cossovo


Svizzera

→ Albanian: Zvicër, (Gheg) Zvicërr

→ Armenian: Զվիցերիա (Zvicʻeria)

→ Maltese: Żvizzera

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: اسویچره (İsviçre), ازویچره (İzviçere)

Turkish: İsviçre

From Early New High German Schwytzer (“a Swiss person”, modern German Schweizer). Compare English Switzer.

bor

modern German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Schweizer</i>

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)

Kosovo Svizzera Kossovo Svizzera Cossovo


Portogallo

Kosovo Portogallo Kossovo Portogallo Cossovo


Croazia

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Belgio

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


Venezia

Venice (the capital city of Veneto, Italy)


Serbia

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Montenegro

Montenegro (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)

Kosovo Montenegro Kossovo Montenegro Cossovo


Asiago

a town near Vicenza in the Veneto, Italy


Bari

From Latin Bārium, probably from Messapic; an appellative akin to *bauria, *burion (“house”), from Proto-Indo-European **bʰuH-ros (“dwelling”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow”). Cognate with English bower.

Bari (a city and province of Apulia, Italy)


Baviera

→ Armenian: Պավիերա (Paviera)


Canton

Borrowed from Portuguese Cantão, from Mandarin 廣東 /广东 (Guǎngdōng).

Guangzhou (the capital and largest city of Guangdong, China)


Canton

A city, the county seat of Stark County, Ohio

El Dorado County
El Dorado County#English

several other places in the United States:

A former settlement in El Dorado County, California

A city, the county seat of Cherokee County, Georgia

McPherson County
McPherson County#English

A small city in McPherson County, Kansas

A tiny city in Fillmore County, Minnesota

A city, the county seat of Madison County, Mississippi

Broadwater County
Broadwater County#English

A submerged ghost town in Broadwater County, Montana

St. Lawrence County
St. Lawrence County#English

A town and village in St. Lawrence County, New York

A town in Haywood County, North Carolina

A borough of Bradford County, Pennsylvania

A city, the county seat of Lincoln County, South Dakota

Van Zandt County
Van Zandt County#English

A city, the county seat of Van Zandt County, Texas

A small town in Buffalo County, Wisconsin

An inner city district and community of Cardiff, Wales (OS grid ref ST1676)


Colonia

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Cologne (the largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in northwestern Germany)


Edo

(historical) Edo (the former name of Tokyo, the capital city of Japan)


Garda

A town in Verona, Veneto, Italy, on the shore of Lake Garda


Magenta

A town in the province of Milan, Lombardy, Italy


Marocco

From Arabic مَرّاكُش (marrākuš), from Berber, of uncertain derivation but often thought to mean “Land of God”. The word originally referred to the capital city of Marrakech (founded late 11th c.), but came to be used as a pars pro toto for the westernmost region of the Islamic world both in Islamic and European languages.


Mosca

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


Orange

From French Orange, from Old French Orenge, from Medieval Latin Aurasica, from Latin Aurasiō, from Gaulish.


Parma

From Latin Parma, from Etruscan 𐌐𐌀𐌓𐌌𐌄 (parme).


Pisa

From Latin Pīsae, also known as the colony of Portus Pisanus in Roman times. The place name is ultimately of Etruscan origin, though of unknown meaning.

Pisa (a city and province of Tuscany, Italy)


Rabat

Rabat (the capital city of Morocco, and capital city of the region of Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco)


Shanghai

Borrowed from Mandarin 上海 (Shànghǎi, literally “Upon-the-Sea”).

bor+

Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)


Vinci

A small town in Tuscany, nearby which Leonardo da Vinci was born


Worms

From German Worms, from Latin Vormatia, from Gaulish.

Worms (an independent town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)


Norvegia

From Medieval Latin Norvegia, from Old Norse Norvegr (“north way”) (see Norway).

Norway (a country in Scandinavia, in northern Europe)

Kosovo Norvegia Kossovo Norvegia Cossovo


Ungheria

Kosovo Ungheria Kossovo Ungheria Cossovo


Samaria

Borrowed from Latin Samarīa, from Ancient Greek Σαμάρεια (Samáreia), from Hebrew שׁמרון.

der

Hebrew שׁמרון

Samaria (the ancient capital of the northern Kingdom of Israel, in the modern West Bank)


Berlino

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)

Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)


Tangeri

Through Latin Tingis and Arabic طَنْجَة (ṭanja).

Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima
Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima#English

Tangier (a port city, the capital of Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco)


Bagdad

Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq)
Baghdad (a governorate of Iraq)


Corsica

From Latin Corsica, from Ancient Greek Κορσική (Korsikḗ).

administrative region
administrative region

Corsica (an island, department, and administrative region of France, in the Mediterranean to the north of Sardinia)


Seul

Borrowed from Korean 서울 (Seoul, literally “capital city”).


Palestina

a large size of type standardized as 24 points


Bruxelles

Unadapted borrowing from French Bruxelles.


Cantabria

autonomous community
autonomous community

Cantabria (an autonomous community and province of Spain)


Gaza

From Latin Gaza, from Ancient Greek Γάζα (Gáza), from the Biblical Hebrew עַזָּה (Ġazzā).

A city in the Gaza Strip, Palestine, in the Levant.

A governorate of the Gaza Strip, Palestine, around the city.


Cordova

Córdoba (a province of Andalusia, Spain)


Kosovo

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Kosovo (A partly-recognized country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Paola

A town in the province of Cosenza, Calabria, Italy


Abkhazia

Republic of Abkhazia
Republic of Abkhazia

Abkhazia (A region and de-facto independent but largely unrecognized country on the coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus, which considers itself an independent state called the Republic of Abkhazia; considered part of Georgia's territory by the Georgian government and the vast majority of the international community)


Zurigo

Zurich (the capital city of Zurich canton, Switzerland)


Chandler

Unadapted borrowing from English Chandler.

Western Australia
Western Australia#English

A locale in Australia
A village in Western Australia

A locale in Canada
A ghost town in Saskatchewan

A locale in the United States
A city in Arizona

A city, the county seat of Lincoln County, Oklahoma

A locale in the United States
A town in Warrick County, Indiana

A locale in the United States
A city in Texas

A locale in the United States
A city in Minnesota

A locale in the United States
A former settlement in California


Pomerania

Pomerania (A former duchy, historical province of Prussia, and now a region split between Germany and Poland on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea)


Svezia

Ottoman Turkish: اسوج (İsvec)

Turkish: İsveç


Danimarca

Kosovo Danimarca Kossovo Danimarca Cossovo


Annam

Borrowed from Vietnamese An Nam, from Chinese 安南 (Ānnán).


Paesi Bassi

i Paesi Bassi (canonical masculine plural)

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

constituent countries
constituent country

Netherlands (The main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located primarily in Western Europe bordering Germany and Belgium)

Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)

Kosovo Paesi Bassi Kossovo Paesi Bassi Cossovo


Pechino

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


L'Aia

From Dutch Den Haag, through French La Haye.


Padova

Ultimately from Latin Patavium, which may have had a variant Vulgar Latin form *Patava/*Pataua, later monophthongized to Padoa in the local Venetan language, and transcribed as Padua in Medieval Latin; this then became Padova in the Tuscan dialect (and hence later Italian) after labialization of the 'u'.

Padua (a city and province of Veneto, Italy)


Canterbury

Unadapted borrowing from English Canterbury, from Middle English Caunterbury, Canterburi, from Old English Cantwara burh.

Canterbury (a cathedral city in Kent, England)


Vichy

A town in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France, the capital of Vichy France during World War II


Castiglione

From castiglione (“fortress, fortified town”), from Latin castilium (“fortified city”) (from castellum (“castle, fort”), diminutive of castrum (“armed camp”)) + -one (augmentative suffix). Compare Italian Castelleone, Sicilian Castigghiuni.


Capri

Ultimately from Latin Capreae, said to be from either.
* Etruscan 𐌂𐌀𐌐𐌓𐌀 (capra)
* Ancient Greek κάπρος (kápros, “wild boar”), who populated the island
* Latin capreae (“goats”), a doublet of the Greek word, with the Romans calling it "Goat Island."

der

Capri (an island and town in the region of Campania, Italy)


Orlando

Orlando (a city, the county seat of Orange County, Florida, United States, see Orlando, Florida)


Amatrice

Use of the name dates back to the late 15ᵗʰ century, from earlier Matrice, likely through a rebracketing of la Matrice.

Vſcεndω fuor per un secrεtω bucω, / Che cωn la scorta della buona Euloga / Vi cωndurrá vicinω a l’Amatrice, / Ωve la voﬆra cωmpagnia v’aspεtta

1548 May, Gian Giorgio Trissino, “Vigesimoquarto libro [Twenty-fourth book]”, in L'Italia liberata da' Gothi [Italy freed from the Goths], Rome: Valerio e Luigi Dorici, page 124:

Coming out of a secret hole, which, with the escort of the good Euloga, will lead you nearby Amatrice, where your company awaits

Poſcia dalla Valle Caﬅellana […] ſi arriua al nobile caﬅello Amatrice poﬅo ſotto la fontana del Tronto

1550, Leandro Alberti, “Abruzzo - duodecima regione [Abruzzo - twelfth region]”, in Descrittione di tutta Italia [Description of all of Italy], Venice: Pietro dei Nicolini da Sabbio, published 1551, page 219:

Afterwards, from Valle Castellana, one arrives to the noble borough of Amatrice, located below the source of the Tronto

aggiunto di colpo, e preſo per traslato dalla robuﬅezza di que’ dell’Amatrice, luogo del noﬅro Abruzzo, donde vengono a noi, ed altrove de’ validi tagliatori di boſchi, che dan colpi di accettate formidali, onde andarono in prov. i colpi amatriciani

1789, “Matresciano”, in Vocabolario delle parole del dialetto napoletano [Vocabulary of the words of the Neapolitan dialect], volume 1, Naples: Giuseppe Maria Porcelli, page 220:

Said of a strike, and taken as a transferred sense from the strength of those of Amatrice, a place in our Abruzzo, whence—here and elsewhere—come skilled lumberjacks, who deliver formidable blows with the axe, whence the strikes of Amatrice became proverbial

A small town in Rieti, Lazio, also used absolutely as l'Amatrice


Corea

Korea (two countries of East Asia, North Korea and South Korea; the peninsula containing these two countries)


Nettuno

planets of the Solar System: pianeti del sistema solare: Mercurio · Venere · Terra · Marte · Giove · Saturno · Urano · Nettuno [edit]

A small coastal town in Lazio, Italy, site of an Allied landing during World War II


Kirghizistan

Kyrgyzstan (a country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China)


Nuova Zelanda

New Zealand (a country and archipelago in Oceania, to the east of Australia)


Moldavia

Kosovo Moldavia Kossovo Moldavia Cossovo


Lorena

Lorraine (a former administrative region and former duchy in eastern France; since 2016 part of the region of Grand Est)


Sutherland

A small city in O'Brien County, Iowa, United States

A village in Lincoln County, Nebraska, United States


Praga

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Uppsala

Borrowed from Swedish Uppsala, from Old Norse Uppsalir (literally “upper halls, upper dwellings”), from upp (“up”) + salir (“halls, rooms”, plural of salr).

com

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">salr</i>

Uppsala (a city in eastern central Sweden)


Mozambico

Mozambique (a country in East Africa and Southern Africa)


Bielorussia

Kosovo Bielorussia Kossovo Bielorussia Cossovo


Bosnia-Erzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)

Kosovo Bosnia-Erzegovina Kossovo Bosnia-Erzegovina Cossovo


Erzegovina

From Serbo-Croatian Хѐрцеговина (Hèrcegovina).

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="sh">Hèrcegovina</i>


Giordania

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Betlemme

From Ecclesiastical Latin Bēthlehēmum, Bēthlehem, from Ancient Greek Βηθλεέμ (Bēthleém), from Biblical Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (bet léchem).


Gran Bretagna

(extensively, mistakenly) the United Kingdom

extensively; mistakenly; extensively; mistakenly


Regno Unito

Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna e Irlanda del Nord

Kosovo Regno Unito Kossovo Regno Unito Cossovo


Stati Uniti d'America

it-proper noun

Stati Uniti d'America m pl (plural only)

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)


Stati Uniti

From stati + uniti. Calque of English United States.

United States (a country in North America)


Mogadiscio

uder

Arabic مَقَدِيشُو (maqadīšū)


Wuhan

Wuhan (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Hubei, China)


Nizza

From Latin Nīcaea, from Ancient Greek Νῑ́καια (Nī́kaia), from νῑ́κη (nī́kē, “victory”).

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Nice (a coastal city, the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeast France)


Lituania

Kosovo Lituania Kossovo Lituania Cossovo


Islanda

From Icelandic Ísland, from Old Norse Ísland (literally “land of ice”). Compare English Iceland.

der

Iceland (an island and country in Europe; capital and largest city: Reykjavík)


Israele

Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)


Osaka

Borrowed from Japanese 大(おお)阪(さか) (Ōsaka, literally “large hill”).

ja-r

Osaka (the capital city of Osaka Prefecture, Japan)

Osaka (a prefecture on the island of Honshū, Japan)


Chernobyl

Borrowed from Russian Черно́быль (Černóbylʹ).

bor+

Chernobyl (an abandoned city in Kiev Oblast, Ukraine, site of a major 1986 nuclear accident)


Elsinore

Borrowed from English, from Danish Helsingør, perhaps a derivation of hals (“narrow strait”, literally “throat; neck”), from Old Norse hals, from Proto-Germanic *halsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kólsos.

Elsinore (a city in northern Zealand, Denmark)


Lussemburgo

Kosovo Lussemburgo Kossovo Lussemburgo Cossovo


Turchia

Turkey (a country located in eastern Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


Magonza

From Latin Magontiacum, Mogontiacum, from a Celtic language. Compare Italian Monza and Sicilian Magunza.

Mainz (a city, the state capital of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)


Olanda

Ultimately from Old Dutch holt lant (“wood land”).

Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


Maldive

Maldives (an archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India)


Adria

Adria (a town and comune of Rovigo, Veneto, Italy, situated on the site of an Etruscan city of the same name)


Salvatore

From Latin Salvātōrem (“savior”). Compare Sicilian Sarbaturi, Spanish Salvador.

Salvador (a municipality, the state capital of Bahia, Brazil)


Cefalù

Inherited from Latin Cephaloedium, from Ancient Greek Κεφαλοίδιον (Kephaloídion).

der

Cefalù (a city in the province of Palermo, Sicily, Italy).


Arborio

Most likely linked to Latin arboreus (“wooden, tree-like”). Compare Italian arboreo.

A town in the province of Vercelli, Piedmont, Italy, famous for its rice production


Transnistria

Transnistria (a breakaway country in Moldova)


Montepulciano

monte + pulciano, personal name, from dialectal Pulsa, from Latin publicianus, variant of publicius, from publicus and ultimately Etruscan.


Taurasi

From Latin Taurasia, Taurasinus, from Oscan *ταυρο- (*tauro-, “bull”), from Proto-Italic *tauros, with the locative ending -asi. It is unclear whether this name is related to the place of the same name Taurasia founded in northern Italy by the Taurini, whose name could also come from the word for bull (via Celtic).


Barbaresco

A town in the province of Cuneo, Piedmont


Barolo

Possibly from a Celtic compound meaning “low place”. Cognate with Piedmontese Bareul.


Birmania

Ultimately derived from Burmese ဗမာ (ba.ma), colloquial form of မြန်မာ (mranma).


Troia

Troy (an ancient city in far northwestern Asia Minor, in modern Turkey)


Catalogna

Catalonia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Giamaica

Jamaica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Principato di Monaco

Principality of Monaco
Principality of Monaco#English

Principality of Monaco (a city-state in Western Europe)


Kazakistan

Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)

Kosovo Kazakistan Kossovo Kazakistan Cossovo


Congo-Brazzaville

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English

Congo-Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa)


Repubblica Democratica del Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English:_Q974

Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa)


Congo-Kinshasa

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Congo-Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa)


Boemia

Bohemia (a region of the Czech Republic)


Timor Est

East Timor (a country in Southeast Asia occupying half the island of Timor)


Tailandia

Alternative spelling of Thailandia: Thailand (a country in Southeast Asia)


Ninive

Nineveh (an ancient city in Assyria, in modern Iraq, near Mosul)


Fano

A coastal town in Pesaro e Urbino, Marche, Italy


Nazaret

Northern District
Northern District#English

Nazareth (the largest city in the Northern District, Israel)


Königsberg

Borrowed from German Königsberg, from König (“king”) + Berg (“mountain”), named in honour/honor of Ottokar II, king of Bohemia.

(historical) Königsberg (the former capital of East Prussia)


Gibilterra

Ultimately from Arabic جَبَل طَارِق (jabal ṭāriq), with contamination of terra (“land”).

جَبَل طَارِق

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)


Arabia Saudita

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Libano

Borrowed from Latin Libanus, from Ancient Greek Λίβανος (Líbanos), from a Semitic source.

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Brasile

Brazil (A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Costa d'Avorio

Ivory Coast, Côte d'Ivoire (a country in West Africa)


Modone

Methoni (a village in Messenia, Peloponnese region, Greece)


Roma

→ Burmese: ရောမ (rau:ma.)

q

perhaps via Portuguese <i class="Latn mention" lang="pt">Roma</i>

→ Japanese: ローマ (Rōma) (perhaps via Portuguese Roma)

→ Korean: 로마 (roma)

Rome (a former province of Lazio, Italy)


Slovacchia

Kosovo Slovacchia Kossovo Slovacchia Cossovo


Lettonia

Kosovo Lettonia Kossovo Lettonia Cossovo


Filippine

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


Sudafrica

South Africa (a country in Southern Africa)


Azerbaigian

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)

Kosovo Azerbaigian Kossovo Azerbaigian Cossovo


Repubblica Centrafricana

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English:_Q929

Central African Republic (a country in Central Africa)


Figi

Fiji (a country and archipelago of over 300 islands in Melanesia in Oceania)


Capo Verde

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


Comore

Comoros (A country and group of islands in the Indian Ocean off the coast of East Africa)


Papua Nuova Guinea

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English:_Q691


Maurizio

Alternative form of Mauritius: Mauritius (A country in the Indian Ocean, east of East Africa and Madagascar)


Cecenia

Chechnya (a republic of the northern Caucasus of Russia; capital: Grozny)


Repubblica del Congo

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English:_Q971

Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa)


Repubblica Dominicana

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Dominican Republic (a country in the Caribbean)


Emirati Arabi Uniti

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English:_Q878

United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Guinea Equatoriale

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English:_Q983

Equatorial Guinea (a country in Central Africa)


Repubblica Ceca

Czech Republic
Czech Republic#English:_Q213

Czech Republic (a country in Central Europe)


Isole Marshall

Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands#English:_Q709

Marshall Islands (A country consisting of two archipelagos in Micronesia, in Oceania)


Isole Salomone

Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands#English:_Q685

Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands#English:_Q148966

Solomon Islands (A country consisting of the majority of the Solomon Islands archipelago in Melanesia, in Oceania, as well as the Santa Cruz Islands)

Solomon Islands (An archipelago in Melanesia, split between the countries of the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea)


Saint Kitts e Nevis

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis


Saint Vincent e Grenadine

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines#English

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)


Santa Lucia

Saint Lucia (an island and country in the Caribbean)


São Tomé e Príncipe

Unadapted borrowing from Portuguese São Tomé e Príncipe (literally “Saint Thomas and Prince”), after the Prince of Portugal.

ubor

São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe#English:_Q1039

São Tomé and Príncipe (a country and archipelago in Central Africa, in the Atlantic Ocean)

Prince of Portugal
it:São Tomé e Príncipe


Trinidad e Tobago

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English

Trinidad and Tobago (a country consisting of two main islands in the Caribbean)


Città del Vaticano

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)

Kosovo Città del Vaticano Kossovo Città del Vaticano Cossovo


Mantova

From Latin Mantua, from Etruscan *𐌌𐌀𐌍𐌈𐌅𐌀 (*manθva).

Mantua (a city and province of Lombardy, Italy)


Scilla

From Latin Scylla, from Ancient Greek Σκύλλα (Skúlla).

A town in Reggio Calabria, Calabria, Italy


Barcellona

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)

Barcelona (a province of Catania, Italy)


Bretagna

administrative region
administrative region

Brittany (an administrative region, historical province, and peninsula in northwest France)


Bogotà

Bogota, Bogotá (the capital city of Colombia)


Trebisonda

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Τραπεζοῦντα (Trapezoûnta).


Alessio

From Latin Lissus, from Ancient Greek Λίσσος (Líssos).


Algeri

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir, “the islands”), plural of جَزِيرَة (jazīra, “island”), referring to the several small islands that once existed in the Bay of Algiers.

اَلْجَزَائِر


Usa

Proteste contro gli Usa.


Grotte

From Vulgar Latin gruptae, from Latin cryptae.

A town and comune of Agrigento, Sicily, Italy


Costantinopoli

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Κωνσταντινούπολις (Kōnstantinoúpolis). By surface analysis, Costantino + -poli.

der

Κωνσταντινούπολις

Constantinople (the historical capital of the Roman Empire)


Copenaghen

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Marsiglia

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Marseille (the capital city of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)


Alto Adige

From alto (“high, tall”) + Adige (“Adige”), in relation to the river Adige and its surrounding mountainous area, Tyrol.

South Tyrol (a predominantly German-speaking region of north-eastern Italy, known in German as Südtirol)


Amalfi

From Latin Amalphis, possibly related to the name Melfi (from a pre-Roman Italic substrate, possibly Oscan).

a picturesque town on the Gulf of Sorrento in Campania


Faenza

From Latin Faventia, from faventia < favens.

A town in Ravenna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy, noted for its majolica pottery


Tirolo

Trentino-Alto Adige
Trentino-Alto Adige#English

A small town in Bolzano, Trentino-Alto Adige


Edimburgo

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)


Strasburgo

Strasbourg (the capital city of the Bas-Rhin department, France; capital city of the region of Grand Est)


Sodoma

Sodom (ancient Biblical city in Canaan, destroyed due to its sinfulness)


Smirne

Borrowed from Latin Smyrna, from Ancient Greek Σμύρνα (Smúrna).

Smyrna (an ancient city in Asia Minor, in modern Turkey)

İzmir (a modern city, the capital of İzmir Province, in western Turkey)


Siviglia

Borrowed from Spanish Sevilla, from Arabic إِشْبِيلِيَة (ʔišbīliya), from Latin Hispalis, ultimately from Phoenician 𐤔𐤐𐤋𐤄 (šplh /sefela/, “plain, valley”).

إِشْبِيلِيَة

Arabic إِشْبِيلِيَة (ʔišbīliya)

Seville (the capital city of Andalusia, Spain)

Seville (a province of Andalusia, Spain)


San Pietroburgo

Ultimately from Russian Санкт-Петербу́рг (Sankt-Peterbúrg). By surface analysis, San Pietro (“Saint Peter”) + -burgo.

Санкт-Петербу́рг

surf

Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg#English

Saint Petersburg (a federal city of Russia), and former capital (1732–1918).


Salisburgo

Salzburg (the capital city of the state of Salzburg, Austria)


Lubiana

Ljubljana (the capital city of Slovenia)


Rovereto

Rovereto (a city in Trentino, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy)


Paesi Baschi

autonomous community
autonomous community

Basque Country (an autonomous community of Spain)


Nuovo Messico

New Mexico (a state of the United States)


Nuova Orleans

New Orleans (a city in Louisiana, United States)


Norimberga

Nuremberg (a major city in Bavaria, Germany)


Cirene

Cyrene (an ancient city in North Africa, in modern Libya)


Menfi

Inherited from Latin Memphis. Compare Sicilian Mènfrici.


Lazzaro

Motta San Giovanni
Motta San Giovanni#English

A hamlet in the comune of Motta San Giovanni, Reggio Calabria, Calabria, Italy


Siracusa

From Latin Syrācūsae, from Ancient Greek Συράκουσαι (Surákousai). Compare Sicilian Saragusa.


Stoccarda

Stuttgart (the capital and largest city of Baden-Württemberg, Germany)


Zagabria

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


Gand

Ghent (the capital and largest city of East Flanders, Belgium)


Normandia

Normandy (an administrative region, historical province, and medieval kingdom in northwest France, on the English Channel)


Corleone

From Sicilian Cunigghiuni or Curliuni, from Aragonese Coriglione or Conillon, from Norman Coraigliòn, from Latin Curilionum, from Arabic قُرْلِيُون (qurliyūn), from Ancient Greek Κουρουλλουνέ (Kouroullouné). Alternatively from Latin *Corleōne, from cor (“heart”) + leōnis (“of the lion”).

der

Κουρουλλουνέ

A small town in Sicily, home of an infamous Mafia family


Friuli

→ English: Friuli

Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Friuli (a region in northeastern Italy, part of Friuli-Venezia Giulia)


Casale Monferrato

A small town in the province of Alessandria, Piedmont, Italy


Gerico

From Latin Ierĭchō, itself through Ancient Greek Ἰεριχώ (Ierikhṓ) from Biblical Hebrew יְרִיחוֹ (Yərīḥō).


Galizia

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Gallicia, from Classical Latin Gallaecia, from Gallaecī (“a tribe in the region”).

Galicia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Amburgo

Hamburg (the second-largest city in Germany)

Hamburg (a state of Germany containing the city of the same name)


Frisia

Friesland (a province of the Netherlands)


Friburgo

Fribourg (the capital city of Fribourg canton, Switzerland)


Francoforte

Frankfurt, Frankfurt-am-Main (the largest city in Hesse, in central Germany)

Frankfurt, Frankfurt-an-der-Oder (a sizable town in Brandenburg, in eastern Germany)


Ercolano

Borrowed from Latin Herculaneum.
* (modern town in Campania): Used since 1969.

Herculaneum (a historical town in Italy)


Epiro

From Latin Ēpīrus, from Ancient Greek Ἤπειρος (Ḗpeiros, “mainland”).


Dresda

Dresden (the capital city of Saxony, Germany)


Reggio Calabria

From the earlier Old Italian Reggio, from Late Latin Rēgium, Latin Rhēgium, from Ancient Greek Ῥήγιον (Rhḗgion). The city became known as Reggio Calabria after the Italian Unification.

Reggio Calabria (a historical province and metropolitan city of Calabria, Italy)

Reggio Calabria (a city and commune, the provincial capital of Reggio Calabria, Calabria, Italy)


Reggio Emilia

A city and province of Emilia-Romagna, Italy


Forlì

From Latin Forum Līviī, borrowed via Romagnol.

Forli (the capital city of the province of Forlì-Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy)


Brema

Bremen (the capital city of the state of Bremen, Germany)


Martinica

Martinique (an island, overseas department, and administrative region of France, in the Caribbean)


Aleppo

→ Danish: Aleppo

→ Dutch: Aleppo

→ English: Aleppo

→ Finnish: Aleppo

→ German: Aleppo

→ Norwegian: Aleppo

→ Polish: Aleppo

→ Russian: Алеппо (Aleppo)

→ Swedish: Aleppo

→ Ukrainian: Алеппо (Aleppo)

Borrowed from French Alep, from Ottoman Turkish حلب (Haleb, vulg. Halep), from Arabic حَلَب (ḥalab), of unknown origin.


Otranto

From Latin Hydruntum, from Ancient Greek Ὑδροῦς (Hudroûs).


Caienna

Cayenne (the capital city of the French Guiana department)


Cadice

Borrowed from Spanish Cádiz, from Arabic قَادِس (qādis), from Latin Gādēs, from Ancient Greek Γάδειρα (Gádeira), from Phoenician 𐤂𐤃𐤓 (gdr /gādēr, gādīr/).


Geri

A town and municipality of the Nicosia District, Cyprus


Gubbio

Inherited from Latin Iguvium, Eugubium, from Umbrian.


EUR

Originally an abbreviation for Esposizione Universale Roma, for which the town was constructed.


Kaohsiung

Kaohsiung (a city and special municipality in southern Taiwan, and the third largest city in Taiwan)


Bergamasco

From bergamasco (“of or related to Bergamo”).


Marrakesh

Derived from French Marrakech, from Moroccan Arabic مَرَّاكُش (Marrākuš).


Marrakech

Marrakech (the capital city of the Marrakesh-Safi region, Morocco)


Monaco di Baviera

Munich (the capital and largest city of Bavaria, Germany)


head

Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna e Irlanda del Nord or Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna ed Irlanda del Nord m

(official, rare) the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

it:Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna e Irlanda del Nord


Bonifacio

From Late Latin Bonifātius (literally “the one with a good fate”). The city was named named after Boniface II of Tuscany (?–838).

named-after

(feminine) Bonifacio (a city and commune of the Corse-du-Sud department, Corsica)


Asturie

Asturias (an autonomous community and province of Spain)


Anversa

Borrowed from French Anvers, from Dutch Antwerpen.

Antwerp (the capital city of Antwerp province, Belgium)


Alsazia

From Medieval Latin Alsatia, from Old High German ali sazzo (“inhabitant of the other”) (referring to the opposite bank of the Rhine), from Proto-Germanic *aljaz (“other”) + *sitjaną (“inhabitant”, literally “sitter”).

q

Alsace (a region, former administrative region, and historical province of France, located on the west bank of the upper Rhine; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Grand Est)


Finlandia

Kosovo Finlandia Kossovo Finlandia Cossovo


Aquitania

Aquitaine (a historical region in France)


Borgogna

Compare French Bourgogne, Late Latin Burgundia.

Burgundy (a region and former administrative region of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté)

Burgundy (An early-medieval kingdom and later former duchy in France and the Netherlands)


Piccardia

Picardy (a former administrative region and historical province of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Hauts-de-France)


San Paolo

São Paulo (a municipality, the state capital of São Paulo, Brazil)


San Paolo

Southeast Region
Southeast Region#English

São Paulo (a state of the Southeast Region, Brazil)


Aquisgrana

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Aachen (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Lucerna

Lucerne (the capital city of the canton of Lucerne, Switzerland)


Città del Messico

Mexico City (the capital city of Mexico)


Antiochia

Antioch (an ancient Greco-Roman city in modern Turkey)


Aragona

Aragon (an autonomous community of Spain)


Leida

From Dutch Leiden, seemingly from Proto-Germanic *līþa- (“canal”).

Leiden (a city in South Holland, Netherlands)


Avignone

A city in the Vaucluse department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France


Baleari

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English

Balearic Islands (an autonomous community and province of Spain)


Baltimora

Baltimore (the largest city in Maryland, United States)


Chioggia

From Latin Clodia (the settlement Clodia Maior or Fossa Clodia).


Livia

From Latin Līvia, feminine form of Līvius.

(historical) former name of Forli, the capital city of the province of Forlì-Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy


Patrasso

Patras (a city, the regional capital of Western Greece, Greece)


Caudium

an ancient town on the Appian Way between Benevento and Capua in modern Campania, Italy


Togliatti

Borrowed from Russian Толья́тти (Tolʹjátti), in turn after Italian politician Palmiro Togliatti.

bor+

Tolyatti, Togliatti (a city in Samara Oblast, Russia)


Coblenza

Koblenz (an independent city in northern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)


Urbe

From the river Orba, later reanalyzed as coming from Latin urbem, as above.


Danzica

Borrowed from German Danzig, from Polish Gdańsk.


Buchanan

Unadapted borrowing from English Buchanan.

ubor

A small city, the county seat of Haralson County, Georgia, United States


Stalingrado

(historical) Stalingrad (The former name, 1925-1961, of Volgograd, a city, the administrative center of Volgograd Oblast, Russia, and site of a famous World War II battle)


Luisiana

Louisiana (a state of the United States)


Fiume

From Latin Flūmen, from flūmen (“river”). See fiume for more.


Ajaccio

Ajaccio (the capital and largest city of Corsica, France)


Palmira

Palmyra (ancient Semitic city in modern Syria)


Elam

Elam (an ancient civilisation in southwestern Iran)


Eleusi

From Latin Eleusis, from Ancient Greek Ἐλευσίς (Eleusís).


Estremadura

Extremadura (an autonomous community of Spain)


Massa

Massa Lubrense
Massa d'Albe
Massa di Somma

* The town is from Latin Massa.
* The surname is from several places such as Massa Lubrense or Massa di Somma or Massa d'Albe, all from Latin massa (“lump, pile”).


Antigua e Barbuda

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda#English

Antigua and Barbuda (a country in the Caribbean)


Filadelfia

Philadelphia (a large city in Pennsylvania, United States)

Filadelfia (a town and municipality of the province of Vibo Valentia, Calabria, Italy)


Focea

From Latin Phocaea, from Ancient Greek Φώκαια (Phṓkaia).


Giaffa

Borrowed from Arabic يَافَا (yāfā), borrowed from Biblical Hebrew יָפוֹ (Yāfō).


Gotha

Gotha (a town and rural district of Thuringia, Germany)


Guadalupa

Guadeloupe (an island in the northeastern edge of the Caribbean Sea)

Guadeloupe (an archipelago, overseas department, and administrative region of France, including the island of Guadeloupe)


Leningrado

(historical) Leningrad (a city in Leningrad Oblast, Russia); former name of Saint Petersburg, used from 1924 to 1991


Sud Sudan

South Sudan (a country in East Africa, formerly the southern part of Sudan)


Liegi

Liège (the capital city of the province of Liège, Belgium)


Lilla

Borrowed from French Lille (see there for more), from Old French l'Isle (“the Island”), ultimately from Latin īnsula (“island”).

Lille (the capital city of the Nord department, France; capital city of the region of Hauts-de-France)


Lione

Lyon, Lyons (the capital city of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Lipari

Lipari (a municipality of the province of Messina, Sicily, Italy)


Lubecca

Lübeck (a city in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany)


Carrara

From the Roman name, derived from Latin Carrariae (“quarries”), from a Celtic word (likely Ligurian) *kar (“stone”).

A town in Massa Carrara, Tuscany, Italy, famous for its marble quarries


Moscovia

Borrowed from Russian Моско́вия (Moskóvija).

bor+

(historical) Former name of Mosca (“Moscow”).


Nicea

Nicaea (ancient Greek city in northwestern Anatolia, in modern Turkey; modern İznik)


Norcia

A town in the province of Perugia, Umbria, Italy


Orvieto

From Latin Urbs Vetus (literally “old city”).


Mostar

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Mostar (a city in Bosnia and Herzegovina)


Ponto

(historical) Pontus (a region on the south coast of the Black Sea)


Renania-Palatinato

Rhineland-Palatinate (a state of Germany)


Riviera

A district of Ticino canton, Switzerland


Groninga

Groningen (a province of the Netherlands)


Vaucluse

Vaucluse (a department of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


Dusseldorf

Unadapted borrowing from German Düsseldorf.

ubor

Düsseldorf (the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Alghero

Unclear origin. Usually thought to derive from Medieval Latin Aleguerium (literally “stagnation of seaweed”) or Sardinian S'Alighèra, from aliga (“seaweed; rubbish”) + -era, but either way from Latin alga (“seaweed”), from Proto-Indo-European *alg-, *alǵ- (“to be dirty, slimy”).

bor

Alghero (a city and port town in Sardinia, Italy)


Sebastopoli

Sevastopol (a port city in Crimea, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine but de facto in Russia)


Seicelle

Alternative form of Seychelles: Seychelles (an archipelago and country in East Africa, in the Indian Ocean)


Soletta

Solothurn (a city and canton of Switzerland)


Sorrento

From Latin Surrentum, of uncertain origin.

Sorrento (a town in the province of Naples, Campania, Italy)


Tiro

Borrowed from Latin Tyrus (“Tyre”), from Ancient Greek Τύρος (Túros) from Phoenician [Term?]; see Tyre for more information.

Tyre (an ancient city-state in Phoenicia)

Tyre (a port city, the capital of Tyre district, Lebanon)


Sud Tirolo

(rare) South Tyrol (a province of Trentino, north-eastern Italy)


Tarquinia

From Latin Tarquinii, from Etruscan 𐌕𐌀𐌓𐌖𐌗𐌍𐌀 (taruxna).


Tebe

Thebes (ancient Egyptian city; modern Luxor)

Thebes (a modern city in the regional unit of Boeotia, in central Greece)


Tessaglia

From Ancient Greek Θεσσαλία (Thessalía).


Tiberiade

Latin Tiberias, itself from the Emperor's name Tiberius (in Ancient Greek Τιβέριος (Tibérios)) with the suffix Ancient Greek -άς (-ás, “female patronymic or relational suffix”)


Tolone

Toulon (a city, the prefecture of the Var department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


Tolosa

From Latin Tolōsa, probably of Gaulish origin.

Toulouse (the capital city of the Haute-Garonne department, France; capital city of the region of Occitanie)


Treviri

Trier (a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)


Ulma

Ulm (a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany)


Vormazia

Synonym of Worms, Worms (a city in Germany)


Abano Terme

From Aponus, an ancient venetian deity related to thermal waters.


Logudoro

From Sardinian; the place name means "golden place," corresponding to logu (“place”) (Italian luogo) + d'oro (“gold”).


Schio

Schio (a town in Vicenza, Veneto, Italy)


Moita

French: Moïta

A city and commune of Haute-Corse, Corsica, France


Giza

From Egyptian Arabic اَلْجِيزَة (il-Gīza), of uncertain origin.


Bergoglio

A village in Piedmont, Italy near Alessandria


Acri

Acri (a town in the province of Cosenza, Calabria, Italy)


Bruggia

Borrowed from Old French Bruges, from Old Dutch Bruges, Bruggas, Brugias, probably from brugga (“bridge”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brugjǭ. Doublet of Bruges, borrowed from Modern French.

Bruges (the capital city of West Flanders, Belgium)


Caprona

A village in Pisa, Tuscany, Italy, near Vicopisano


Cervia

A town in Ravenna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy


Corneto

A village in Ascoli Piceno, Marche, Italy, near Acquasanta Terme


Corniglia

A small coastal town in La Spezia, Liguria, Italy


Ellera

A small town in Perugia, Umbria, situated adjacent to Chiugiana


Chiugiana

A small town in Perugia, Umbria, situated adjacent to Ellera


Fiesole

From Latin Faesulae, from Etruscan 𐌅𐌉𐌐𐌔𐌖𐌋 (vipsul).

A small town in Tuscany, Italy near Florence


Gaeta

→ English: Gaeta

→ French: Gaète, Gaëte

→ Greek: Γκαέτα (Gkaéta)

→ Sicilian: Gaeta

From Latin Caiēta, from the Ancient Greek Καιήτη (Kaiḗtē).

A coastal town in the province of Latina, Lazio, Italy


Gaville

A village in Florence, Tuscany, Italy, near Figline Valdarno


Lamone

A small town in Lugano district, Ticino canton, Switzerland


Pratovecchio

From prato (“meadow”) + vecchio (“old, ancient”).


San Donà di Piave

A town in Venice, Veneto, Italy on the river Piave


Merano

A town in Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy near Bolzano


Asola

A small town in Lombardy, Italy near Mantua


Ampezzo

a region of the Dolomites in the province of Belluno, Veneto, Italy


Anzio

A small coastal town in Lazio, Italy, site of a crucial Allied landing during World War II


Aquileia

Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Friuli-Venezia Giulia#English


Ascona

a lakeside town in canton of Ticino in Switzerland


Barletta

A small town in Barletta-Andria-Trani, Apulia, Italy


Barletta-Andria-Trani

A province of Apulia, Italy having Barletta, Andria and Trani as its three capoluoghi


Belfiore

Borrowed from Venetan Belfior. Doublet of Bellofiore, which is from Sicilian Beḍḍuciuri.


Bellinzona

From a Lepontic term meaning “juniper bushes”. First attested in Latin in 590, as Bilitiō, developed into Italian through the accusative Bilitiōnem.

Bellinzona (a municipality and town, the capital of Ticino canton, Switzerland)

Bellinzona (a district of Ticino canton, Switzerland)


Bobbio

A small town in Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna


Bolsena

From Latin Volsĭ́nĭī, from Etruscan 𐌅𐌄𐌋𐌆𐌍𐌀 (velzna).


Bracciano

a hilltop town in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio, Italy


Bregaglia

A small town in Graubünden canton, Switzerland


Caltagirone

The first part is undoubtedly from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa, “fortress, castle”), while the second one could either derive from غِيرَان (ḡīrān), plural of غَار (ḡār, “cave, cavern”), or from خِنْزِير (ḵinzīr, “pig, swine, hog”).


Cannizzaro

From Sicilian Cannizzaru, from Sicilian cannizzaru (“related to somewhere or someone related to reeds or wattle”), from cannizzu (“wattle”), from canna.

A small town in Catania, Sicily, Aci Castello


Capodistria

From Italian Capo ("Cape") + d' ("of") + Istria ("Istria").


Caporetto

Ultimately from an assumed Latin *Caporētum, *Caprētum, possibly from caper (“goat”).


Caravaggio

The painter was named after his family's place of origin.


Casale

(often in combination) any of several small towns in Italy


Ceri

A village in Rome, Lazio, Italy, near Cerveteri


Chiasso

→ English: Chiasso

→ French: Chiasso

French: Chiasson

→ German: Chiasso

→ Romansch: Chiasso

From Latin Clasiō, from Lombard Claso (modern Lombard: Ciass).

gloss

modern Lombard: <i class="Latn mention" lang="lmo">Ciass</i>

Chiasso: A village and former commune of Mendrisio, Ticino canton, Switzerland


Chiavenna

A town in the province of Sondrio, Lombardy, Italy


Ciampino

A city in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio, Italy, the site of one of Rome's airports

it:Aeroporto di Roma-Ciampino
it:Ciampino


Cortina

Cortina d'Ampezzo
w:it:Cortina d'Ampezzo

Cortina d'Ampezzo (a small alpine town in Belluno, Veneto, Italy)


Cortona

From Latin Cortōna, from Etruscan 𐌂𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌖𐌍 (curtun).


Digione

Dijon (the capital city of the Côte-d'Or department, France)


Doglio

A village in Perugia, Italy that was the scene of a battle between the Guelfs and the Ghibellines


Fiumicino

it:Aeroporto di Roma-Fiumicino
it:Fiumicino


Paestum

Paestum (ancient Greek city in Magna Graecia, in modern Campania, Italy)


Giornico

A small town in Ticino canton, Switzerland


Grottaferrata

Abbazia di Santa Maria di Grottaferrata
it:Grottaferrata

From the name of the 11th-century Italo-Greek monastery Abbazia di Santa Maria di Grottaferrata, calque of Latin Abbatia Beatissimae Mariae Cryptaeferratae, a compound of crypta (“crypt”) + ferrata (“ironbound”), from the double iron bars over the windows of an early oratorio at the site, formerly a Roman tomb.

calque

A town in Roma, Lazio, Italy, near the site of ancient Tusculum


Ischia

The Campanian island is first attested as Early Medieval Latin Iscla, likely from Latin īnsula (“island”).


Larderello

A village in Pisa, Tuscany, Italy, near Pomarance


Leventina

A district of Ticino canton, Switzerland


Locarno

Locarno (a town and municipality of Ticino canton, Switzerland)


Magadino

A small town near Gambarogno in Ticino canton, Switzerland


Mentana

A town in the province of Rome, Lazio, Italy


Monreale

From Latin mōns rēgālis (literally “royal mountain”).


Monteceneri

A small town in Lugano district, Ticino canton, Switzerland


Monza

Monza was the seventh race in a row at which Leclerc had out-qualified Vettel. There were extenuating circumstances this time - Vettel did not have a slipstream on his first lap and the farcical end to qualifying prevented him doing another - but a clear pattern is emerging.

2019 September 8, Andrew Benson, BBC Sport (in English):

A city in Lombardy, the site of a Grand Prix motor racing circuit.


Palmi

A small town in Reggio Calabria, Calabria


Pomezia

The name was borrowed from Latin Pōmētia, an ancient and disappeared Roman city.


Pontresina

A small town in Grigioni canton, Switzerland


Poschiavo

A village in Grigioni canton, Switzerland


Sanremo

From a contraction of Sant'Eremo (“Holy Hermitage”), through Ligurian San Reumo, Sanreumo. Mistaken in the past as deriving from the name of an elusive saint, san Remo, and therefore misspelled San Remo.

A town and comune of the province of Imperia, Liguria, Italy


Spoleto

From Late Latin Spōlētum, a form of Latin Spōlētium.


Surselva

From Romansch for "above the forest," from Latin super + silva.

A district of Grigioni canton, Switzerland


Todi

From Latin Tuder, from Etruscan 𐌕𐌖𐌕𐌄𐌓𐌄 (tutere).


Verscio

A small town in Locarno district, Switzerland


Vogorno

A village in Locarno district, Ticino canton, Switzerland


Voltaggio

A village in Alessandria, Piedmont, Italy


Volterra

From Latin Volaterrae, from Etruscan 𐌅𐌄𐌋𐌀𐌈𐌓𐌉 (velaθri).


Appenzello

Appenzell Inner Rhodes
Appenzell Inner Rhodes#English

A village, the capital of Appenzell Inner Rhodes canton, Switzerland.


Arbedo

A small town in Ticino canton, Switzerland


Bedretto

A village in Leventina district, Ticino canton, Switzerland


Biasca

A small town in Riviera district, Ticino canton, Switzerland


Blenio

A small town and district of Ticino canton, Switzerland


Breggia

A small town in Mendrisio district, Ticino canton, Switzerland


Brissago

A small town in Locarno district, Ticino canton, Switzerland


Capriasca

A small town in Lugano district, Ticino canton, Switzerland


Carlino

A small town in Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia


Castagnola

From castagna (“chestnut”) + -ola (diminutive suffix).

af

any of several villages throughout Italy


Cevio

A small town in Vallemaggia district, Ticino canton, Switzerland


Vallemaggia

A district of Ticino canton, Switzerland


Faido

A small town in Leventina district, Ticino canton, Switzerland


Giubiasco

A small town in Bellinzona district, Ticino canton, Switzerland


Muggio

A village in Mendrisio district, Ticino canton, Switzerland


Olbia

From Ancient Greek Ὀλβία (Olbía), possibly ultimately from Punic (the city contains Phoenician ruins).


Olbia-Tempio

A province of Sardinia, Italy, centered on the towns of Olbia and Tempio Pausania


Buscemi

Buscemi (a small town in the province of Syracuse, Sicily, Italy)


Carelia

From Medieval Latin Carelia, Latinized from Swedish Karelen, Finnish Karjala, ultimately from an earlier Finnic endonym.

Karelia (historical Nordic Baltic-Finnic ethnocultural region, now divided along the frontiers of eastern Finland and northwestern Russia)

Karelia (a region and autonomous republic of Russia)


Gattinara

A town in the province of Vercelli, Piedmont, Italy


Meda

A town in Monza e Brianza, Lombardy, Italy


Sappada

Of uncertain origin, possibly related to Zepodn, a name for the alpine pass of Cima Sappada, from German zum Boden (“(down) to the ground”), referring to the land's elevation.

unk

uncertain

Sappada (a small town in the province of Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy)


Sauris

A village in Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy


Sabaudia

Founded in 1934, named after Casa Savoia, in honor of Margherita of Savoy. Learnt borrowing from the Latin name of Savoia, from the homonymous Sabaudia.


Recanati

From Latin Ricinetum, from ricinus (a plant) + the suffix -etum.


Bagnolo in Piano

A small town in Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna


Canosa di Puglia

A town in Barletta-Andria-Trani, Apulia, Italy


Avezzano

Via Neapolitan, most likely from Latin Avidiānum, less likely from Latin ad + Vettiānum.

A town and comune of L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy


Avezzano

A frazione in the comune of Sessa Aurunca, Caserta, Campania, Italy


Castiglione della Pescaia

Literally, “Fortress of the Weir”. See castiglione and pescaia.

A small town in Grosseto, Tuscany, Italy


Scala Nuova

Literally, “new port”, equivalent to modern Italian scalo nuovo. Given to the city by Genoese and Venetian traders in the Middle Ages.

Former name of Kuşadası: A city in Turkey


Longhena

A town in the province of Brescia, Lombardy, Italy


Apecchio

A town in Pesaro e Urbino, Marche, Italy


Bisiacaria

A region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, corresponding to the southern part of the province of Gorizia


Bormio

A small town in Sondrio, Lombardy, Italy


Castelsardo

A small town in Sassari, Sardinia, Italy


Cavargna

A village in Como, Lombardy, Italy in a mountain valley of the same name


Cles

A small town in Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige


Fabriano

A widespread folk etymology also represented in the town's coat of arms, derives it from Latin faber in Iānō, literally, “ironsmith on the Giano”, the town's river. Fabriano used to be famous for its quality ironsmithing during the Middle Ages.


Gallipoli

→ English: Gallipoli

→ Portuguese: Galípoli

From Latin Callipolis, from Ancient Greek Καλλίπολις (Kallípolis).

Gallipoli, Gelibolu (a town and municipality of Turkey)


Legnano

From the Latin proper name Lemennius or Limenius + the suffix -ānum.


Muggia

A small town in Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia


Nizza Monferrato

A town in the province of Asti, Piedmont, Italy


Nove

→ English: Nove

Meronym: Crosara (frazione)

Nove (a small town and comune of Vicenza, Veneto, Italy)


Oderzo

From Latin Opitergium, borrowed through Venetan.


Pescia

From Lombardic *pehha. Cognate with German Bach and English beck.


Salò

English: Salo

From the Roman name, Latin Pagus Salodium, of uncertain ultimate origin. Some connect it to the name of an Etruscan queen [script needed] (Salodia); or from the noun sal (“salt”) (referring to its status as an economic capital where sea salt was deposited) or salus (“health”), referring to it being a location where Roman legions would bring wounded soldiers to recuperate during the Alpine conquest.

Salo (a small town in Brescia, Lombardy, Italy)


Soresina

A small town in Cremona, Lombardy, Italy


San Vito al Tagliamento

A small town in Pordenone, Friuli-Venezia Giulia


Cerignola

→ Catalan: xerinola

→ Spanish: chirinola

From Latin Cerina, related to Ceres, the Roman goddess of agriculture.


Bressanone

Brixen (a commune and town in Bolzano, South Tyrol, Trentino-Alto Adige)


Bronzolo

A small town in Bolzano, Trentino-Alto Adige


Comelico

A mountainous region in northeastern Italy


Altomilanese

A region of Lombardy that includes the provinces of Milano, Varese and Como


Castellanza

A town in the province of Varese, Lombardy, Italy


Erba

A town in the province of Como, Lombardy, Italy


Issime

From Medieval Latin Ixima, from the earlier Roman name, Latin Axima, a name said to be of Celtic origin (compare Axona or Isca). Compare Alemannic German Eischeme.


Talamona

A small town in Sondrio, Lombardy, Italy


Rovigno

Ultimately from Latin Arupinum (later Ruvinium, Ruginium, also Mons Rubineus); compare Istriot Ruveîgno, Serbo-Croatian Rovinj.


Priene

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πριήνη (Priḗnē).


Luneburgo

Lüneburg (a town, the capital of Lüneburg district, Lower Saxony, Germany)


Cechia

(rare) Czech Republic, Czechia (a country in Central Europe)


Repubblica di Macedonia

Republic of Macedonia
Republic of Macedonia

Republic of North Macedonia
Republic of North Macedonia

Republic of Macedonia, former partially recognised/recognized name of the Republic of North Macedonia


Alcamo

Borrowed from Arabic الْقَامُوق (al-qāmūq).


Erice

Erice (a town and commune of the province of Trapani, Sicily, Italy)


Durazzo

From Latin Dyrrhachium, from Ancient Greek Δυρράχιον (Durrhákhion). Presumably borrowed through Venetan.


Virginia Occidentale

West Virginia (a state of the United States)


Chiang Mai

Chiang Mai (a city and province of Thailand)


Bosnia ed Erzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Aversa

A town in the province of Caserta, Campania, Italy


Terracina

From Latin Terracīna, a form of Tarracīna.


Carolina del Sud

South Carolina (a state of the United States)


Cafarnao

From Late Latin Capharnaum, from Ancient Greek Καπερναούμ (Kapernaoúm), from Biblical Hebrew כְּפַר נַחוּם (Kfar Nahum).

uder

כְּפַר נַחוּם

Capernaum, the biblical town in Galilee, archaeological site


Nazianzo

Borrowed from Late Latin Nazianzus, from Ancient Greek Ναζιανζός (Nazianzós).

(historical) Nazianzus (an ancient town in Cappadocia, in modern Turkey; modern Nenezigözü)


Carolina del Nord

North Carolina (a state of the United States)


Carcassona

Carcassonne (a city in Aude, Occitania, France)


Nimega

Nijmegen (a city and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Cossovo

Kosovo (A partly-recognized country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Mori

Trentino-Alto Adige
Trentino-Alto Adige#English

A comune of Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy


Pozzuoli

From Latin Puteoli, cf. Neapolitan Pezzulo.


Altamura

From alta ("high") + mura ("city walls").

A town in the province of Bari, Apulia, Italy


Molfetta

Maybe related to Latin Melphes, an ancient river of the Roman region of Lucania.


Trani

A town in Barletta-Andria-Trani, Apulia, Italy


Bagheria

From Sicilian Baarìa, of uncertain further origin. Derivation from Arabic بحرية (baḥriyya) is considered the most likely origin.

A town and comune of the Metropolitan City of Palermo, Sicily, Italy


Collegno

From Piedmontese Colègn, from Latin collēgium (“corporation, company”). Doublet of collegio, a borrowing from Latin.


Scandicci

Maybe from Latin scandula, a type of plant.


Battipaglia

Verb-object compound, composed of batti (“to beat, to strike”) + paglia (“straw”).


Scafati

From Latin scapha ("skiff"), because lots of these boats were used to navigate the near river Sarno.


Gallarate

From the Latin proper name Galerius + the suffix -ate.


Civitavecchia

From Civita + vecchia, literally “old city”.


Sacile

A town in Pordenone, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy


Modica

Borrowed from Sicilian Mòdica, from Latin Motyca.


Naro

Disputed. Theorized origins include:
* Ancient Greek ναρόν (narón, “current”)
* Ancient Greek νηρόν (nērón) / νερόν (nerón), both meaning "water"
* Arabic نَهَر (nahar, “river”)

A town and comune of Agrigento, Sicily, Italy


Ostuni

A town in Brindisi province, Apulia, Italy


Argirocastro

From Byzantine Greek Αργυρόκαστρο (Argurókastro).

der

Αργυρόκαστρο


Valona

Vlorë (the third largest city in Albania)


Loreto

A town in Ancona, Marche, Italy, famous for its sanctuary


Palmanova

A town in Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy


Eboli

A town in the province of Salerno, Campania, Italy


Soligo

A village in the province of Treviso, Veneto, Italy


Piombino

Probably from Latin Populinum, diminutive form of Populonia, the near Etruscan city.


Narni

From Latin Narnia, from Nar (“the river Nera”).


Castelrosso

From castello (“castle”) + rosso (“red”), “red castle”. Compare Catalan Castellroig, Greek Καστελλόριζο (Kastellórizo) and Piedmontese Castelross.

cog

Καστελλόριζο

A village and frazione of Chivasso, Piedmont


Fossombrone

A town in Pesaro e Urbino, Marche, Italy


Dobbiaco

A town in Bolzano, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy


Sutri

From Latin Sutrium, from Etruscan 𐌔𐌖𐌈𐌓𐌉 (suθri).


Noto

Borrowed from Sicilian Notu, from Latin Nētum, from Ancient Greek Νέητον (Néēton).


Chiusi

From Latin Clusium, from Etruscan 𐌂𐌋𐌄𐌅𐌔𐌉 (clevsi).

A town in Siena province, Tuscany, Italy.


Tarvisio

Tarvisio (a town in Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy)


Voghera

From Latin Vicus Iriae, from the previous name Iria. Borrowed via Lombard.


Lentini

Borrowed from Sicilian Lintini, from Old Sicilian Liuntini, from Latin Leontini, from Ancient Greek Λεοντῖνοι (Leontînoi, “the leonines”).


Dakota del Sud

South Dakota (a state of the United States)


Dakota del Nord

North Dakota (a state of the United States)


Città del Capo

Cape Town (a city, the legislative capital of South Africa)


Locri

From Latin Locri, from Ancient Greek Λοκροί (Lokroí).

A town in Reggio Calabria, Calabria, Italy


Renania Settentrionale-Vestfalia

North Rhine-Westphalia (a state of Germany)


Lutezia

Lutetia (an ancient town in Gaul, Roman Empire, in modern France; modern Paris)


Lovanio

Louvain (the capital city of the province of Flemish Brabant, Belgium)


Cesarea

Caesarea (any of numerous ancient cities in the Roman Empire)


Serbia e Montenegro

Serbia and Montenegro
Serbia and Montenegro


Solferino

A small town in the province of Mantua, Lombardy, Italy


Ascalona

From Latin Ascalōn, from Biblical Hebrew אַשְׁקְלוֹן (ashkelón).


Magdeburgo

Magdeburg (the capital city of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany)


Il Cairo

Partial calque of Arabic اَلْقَاهِرَة (al-qāhira).

cal

اَلْقَاهِرَة

Cairo (the capital and largest city of Egypt)


Frisinga

Freising (a town, the capital of Freising district, Bavaria, Germany)


Gottinga

Göttingen (an independent city in Lower Saxony, Germany)


Leopoli

Lviv (a city, the administrative center of Lviv Oblast, in western Ukraine)


Portoferraio

→ Armenian: Պորտոֆերաիո (Portoferaio)

desc

По̀ртафера́ё

→ Belarusian: По̀ртафера́ё (Pòrtafjerájo)

→ Bulgarian: Портоферайо (Portoferajo)

→ English: Portoferraio, Porto Ferraio, Porto Ferrajo

→ French: Portoferraio

→ Japanese: ポルトフェッラーイオ (Porutoferrāio)

→ Korean: 포르토페라이오 (Poreutoperaio)

→ Latin: Portus Ferrārius (New Latin)

zh-l

費拉約港／费拉约港 (Fèilāyuē Gǎng)

→ Mandarin: 費拉約港／费拉约港 (Fèilāyuē Gǎng) (partial calque)

→ Persian: پورتوفرایو (portoferâyo)

desc

По̀ртоферра́йо

→ Russian: По̀ртоферра́йо (Pòrtoferrájo)

→ Sicilian: Portufirraiu

По̀ртоферра́йо

→ Ukrainian: По̀ртоферра́йо (Pòrtoferrájo)

From porto (“harbour/harbor”) + ferraio (“that works iron”), literally “iron-working harbour/harbor”, after the numerous ironworks historically present in its territory.

af

Portoferraio (a city and harbour in Elba, Italy)


Olinto

From Latin Olynthus, from Ancient Greek Ὄλυνθος (Ólunthos).

Olynthus (an ancient city in Chalcidice, modern Chalkidiki, Greece)


Aliarto

From Latin Haliartus, from Ancient Greek Ἁλίαρτος (Halíartos).


Ocrida

Ohrid (a city in southwestern North Macedonia)


Giannina

Ultimately from Greek Ιωάννινα (Ioánnina), possibly after Άγιος Ιωάννης (Ágios Ioánnis, “Saint John”).

Ioannina (largest city and capital of Epirus, Greece)


Misurata

Misrata (the capital city of Misrata district, in northwestern Libya)

Misrata (a district in northwestern Libya)


Sovana

From Latin Suāna, from Etruscan 𐌔𐌅𐌀𐌍𐌀 (svana).


Priverno

From Latin Prīvernum. Doublet of Piperno, the old name of the town.


Gedda

Jeddah (a port city in Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia)


Ofena

A small town in L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy


Assoro

From Latin Assōrus, from Ancient Greek Ἄσσωρος (Ássōros).


Gualdo Tadino

From gualdo (“wood, forest”) and Latin Tadinum.


Grande Mela

Calque of English Big Apple, of unknown origin.

(informal) Big Apple (nickname for New York City)


Brescello

Reggio nell'Emilia
Reggio nell'Emilia#English

A town in Reggio nell'Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy


Pito

From Latin Pȳthō, from Ancient Greek Πῡθώ (Pūthṓ).


Zaravecchia

From Zara (“Zadar”) and vecchia (“old”).


Albareale

(obsolete) Synonym of Székesfehérvár (“a city in Fejér County, Hungary”).


Forlimpopoli

A town in Forlì-Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy


Ragusa Vecchia

From Ragusa (“Dubrovnik”) and vecchia (“old”).


Alta Austria

Calque of German Oberösterreich, By surface analysis, alta + Austria.


Cerreto di Spoleto

A village in Perugia, Umbria, Italy, whose inhabitants gained a reputation in the Middle Ages for being charlatans


Cizico

From Latin Cyzicus, from Ancient Greek Κύζικος (Kúzikos).

(historical) Cyzicus (an ancient town in Turkey)


Perpignano

Borrowed from French Perpignan, from Latin Perpenniānum, from the given name Perpenna.

Perpignan (a city in the Pyrénées-Orientales department, France)


Sicione

From Latin Sicyōn, from Ancient Greek Σικυών (Sikuṓn).

Sicyon (an ancient city of Achaia situated near Corinthus, modern Greece)


Corone

From Latin Corōnē, from Ancient Greek Κορώνη (Korṓnē).


Cerda

A town and comune of the Metropolitan City of Palermo, Sicily, Italy


Bova

A town in the province of Reggio Calabria, Calabria, Italy


Orcomeno

From Latin Orchomenus, from Ancient Greek Ὀρχομενός (Orkhomenós).


Palazzolo

From Late Latin Palatiolum, from palatium (“a palace; large residence”) + -olum (diminutive suffix). By surface analysis, palazzo + -olo. Cognate with Friulian Palaçûl e Palassôl, Lombard Palasöl, Piedmontese Palasseu, Romagnol Palazôl, Sicilian Palazzolu.

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A town in Syracuse, Sicily, Italy: Palazzolo Acreide.


Capobianco

From capo + bianco.
* (surname): From the nickname for a white-haired person

Isola di Capo Rizzuto
Isola di Capo Rizzuto#English

Capobianco (a village in Isola di Capo Rizzuto, Crotone, Calabria, Italy)


Masi

Patronymic/plural form of Maso, shortened from the personal name Tommaso, a from of Thomas.


Cammarata

Borrowed from Sicilian Cammarata, from Byzantine Greek καμάρα (kamára, “span”) + -ata. Compare Sicilian Camerina.


Nicastro

Italian: habitational name from the city Nicastro in the Catanzaro province of southern Italy named from Latin Neocastrum ‘new camp’ from medieval Greek Neokastron ‘new castle.’


Braganza

Bragança (a city in Bragança district, Portugal)


Sciacca

Sciacca (a city in the province of Agrigento, Sicily, Italy)


Carini

From Latin Iccara + -ini, from earlier Hyccara, in turn derived from Ancient Greek Ὕκκαρα (Húkkara).


Gangi

Uncertain. Gangi is sometimes theorized to be the now lost Cretan city of Engyon, from Ancient Greek Ἒγγυον (Ènguon), which (if true) would imply the name is in some form derived from the Greek lemma.


Salemi

Borrowed from Sicilian Salemi, probably from Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”). Cfr. Hebrew שלום (shalóm). Doublet of Sallemi and Salemme


Bivona

Allegedly from "bis bona", compare earlier forms Bibona and Bisbona.

A town and comune of Agrigento, Sicily, Italy


Rutigliano

Praedial toponym, from Latin Rutilius + -ānus.


Belcastro

From bel (“beautiful”) + castro (“castle”).

A town in the province of Cosenza, Calabria, Italy