-san

From Old Irish -som (3rd person singular masculine/neuter; 3rd person plural).

-sean

used after palatalized consonants and front vowels

Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor

and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject

and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object

emphatic suffix of the following persons; used after velarized consonants and back vowels


-chan

forms verbal nouns from first-conjugation verbs ending in -igh


-na

Alternative form of -ne (used after velarized consonants and back vowels)


-ta

used to form strong plural forms of nouns


-ta

From Old Irish -ta, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts, whence also Ancient Greek -της (-tēs), Sanskrit -ताति (-tāti), and Latin -tās.

used to form the past participle of verbs


-ta

genitive singular of -adh (verbal noun suffix)


-a

plural ending of adjectives in the nominative, vocative, dative, and strong genitive cases

genitive singular ending of third-declension nouns


-in

-in (indefinite nominative singular)
a -in (indefinite singular vocative)
-ine (genitive indefinite singular)
-in (dative indefinite singular)
an -in (definite nominative singular)
na -ine (definite genitive singular)
leis an -in (dative definite singular)
don -in (dative definite singular)


-tar

Autonomous ending of first conjugation verbs in the present tense, present subjunctive mood, and conditional mood


-t

suffix forming a verbal noun from verbs ending in -(a)il, -(a)in, or -(a)ir


-as

-as (indefinite nominative singular)
-ais (indefinite nominative plural)
a -ais (indefinite singular vocative)
a -asa (indefinite plural vocative)
-ais (genitive indefinite singular)
-as (genitive indefinite plural)
-as (dative indefinite singular)
-ais (dative indefinite plural)
an -as (definite nominative singular)
na -ais (definite nominative plural)
an -ais (definite genitive singular)
na -as (definite genitive plural)
leis an -as (dative definite singular)
don -as (dative definite singular)
leis na -ais (dative definite plural)

From Old Irish -as, from Proto-Celtic *-assus, from Proto-Indo-European *-ad-tus.

Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns


-as

Relative ending of first conjugation verbs in the present tense

Synthetic first person singular ending of first conjugation verbs in the past tense


-is

-is (indefinite nominative singular)
a -is (indefinite singular vocative)
-ise (genitive indefinite singular)
-is (dative indefinite singular)
an -is (definite nominative singular)
na -ise (definite genitive singular)
leis an -is (dative definite singular)
don -is (dative definite singular)

From the dative form of Old Irish -as (“-ish”).

-ish, -ese (used to form language names)


-is

inflection of -eas:
vocative/genitive singular

inflection of -eas:
nominative/dative plural


-e

From Old Irish -e, from Proto-Celtic *-iyā, from Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂.

Used to form abstract nouns from adjectives


-e

Alternative form of -ne (used after -nn in pronouns)


-e

From Old Irish -e, from Proto-Celtic *-yās, from Proto-Indo-European *-yeh₂-s.

Used to form the genitive singular of second-declension nouns

Used to form the feminine genitive singular of first-declension adjectives


-e

From a variety of Old Irish nominative and accusative plural endings including -i in masculine and feminine i-stems and in feminine ī-stems, -e in neuter i-stems, and -ea in some consonant stems; from various Proto-Celtic endings.

Used to form the plural of certain nouns


-e

From Old Irish -iu, from Proto-Celtic *-yūs, from Proto-Indo-European *-yōs.

Used to form the comparative degree of adjectives


-gram

From Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma, “written character, letter, that which is drawn”), from γράφω (gráphō, “to scratch, to scrape, to graze”).

-gram (something written, drawn or otherwise recorded)


-blast

-blast (indefinite nominative singular)
-blastaí (indefinite nominative plural)
a -blast (indefinite singular vocative)
a -blastaí (indefinite plural vocative)
-blast (genitive indefinite singular)
-blastaí (genitive indefinite plural)
-blast (dative indefinite singular)
-blastaí (dative indefinite plural)
an -blast (definite nominative singular)
na -blastaí (definite nominative plural)
an -blast (definite genitive singular)
na -blastaí (definite genitive plural)
leis an -blast (dative definite singular)
don -blast (dative definite singular)
leis na -blastaí (dative definite plural)

From blast, from Ancient Greek βλαστός (blastós, “germ, sprout”).


-ais

inflection of -as:
vocative/genitive singular

inflection of -as:
nominative/dative plural


-each

-each (indefinite nominative singular)
-igh (indefinite nominative plural)
a -igh (indefinite singular vocative)
a -eacha (indefinite plural vocative)
-igh (genitive indefinite singular)
-each (genitive indefinite plural)
-each (dative indefinite singular)
-igh (dative indefinite plural)
an -each (definite nominative singular)
na -igh (definite nominative plural)
an -igh (definite genitive singular)
na -each (definite genitive plural)
leis an -each (dative definite singular)
don -each (dative definite singular)
leis na -igh (dative definite plural)
-each (masculine nominative singular)
-each (feminine nominative singular)
-eacha (nominative plural)
-igh (masculine singular vocative)
-each (feminine singular vocative)
-eacha (plural vocative)
-igh (genitive masculine singular)
-í (feminine genitive singular)
-eacha (genitive plural strong)
-each (genitive plural weak)
-each (dative masculine singular)
-each (dative feminine singular)
-igh (archaic dative feminine singular)
-eacha (dative plural)
níos -í (comparative)
is -í (superlative)

Spáinn (“Spain”) + -each → Spáinneach (“Spaniard; Spanish”)

slender form of -ach: forms nouns/adjectives from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’


-ach

-ach (indefinite nominative singular)
-aigh (indefinite nominative plural)
a -aigh (indefinite singular vocative)
a -acha (indefinite plural vocative)
-aigh (genitive indefinite singular)
-ach (genitive indefinite plural)
-ach (dative indefinite singular)
-aigh (dative indefinite plural)
an -ach (definite nominative singular)
na -aigh (definite nominative plural)
an -aigh (definite genitive singular)
na -ach (definite genitive plural)
leis an -ach (dative definite singular)
don -ach (dative definite singular)
leis na -aigh (dative definite plural)
-ach (masculine nominative singular)
-ach (feminine nominative singular)
-acha (nominative plural)
-aigh (masculine singular vocative)
-ach (feminine singular vocative)
-acha (plural vocative)
-aigh (genitive masculine singular)
-aí (feminine genitive singular)
-acha (genitive plural strong)
-ach (genitive plural weak)
-ach (dative masculine singular)
-ach (dative feminine singular)
-aigh (archaic dative feminine singular)
-acha (dative plural)
níos -aí (comparative)
is -aí (superlative)

From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂ + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og. Doublet of -óg.

Éire (“Ireland”) + -ach → Éireannach (“Irish (person)”)

Sasana (“England”) + -ach → Sasanach (“English (person)”)

Forms nouns from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’.

bunús (“basis”) + -ach → bunúsach (“basic”)

fearg (“anger”) + -ach → feargach (“angry”)

Éire (“Ireland”) + -ach → Éireannach (“Irish”)

Sasana (“England”) + -ach → Sasanach (“English”)

Forms adjectives from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘connected or involved with, belonging to, having’.


-ach

From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-Vkos (V standing for any vowel), the genitive singular ending of certain nouns ending in *-Vxs.

forms the genitive singular of some fifth-declension nouns


-te

slender form of -ta (past participle suffix)


-áis

-áis (indefinite nominative singular)
-áisa (indefinite nominative plural)
a -áis (indefinite singular vocative)
a -áisa (indefinite plural vocative)
-áise (genitive indefinite singular)
-áis (genitive indefinite plural)
-áis (dative indefinite singular)
-áisa (dative indefinite plural)
an -áis (definite nominative singular)
na -áisa (definite nominative plural)
na -áise (definite genitive singular)
na -áis (definite genitive plural)
leis an -áis (dative definite singular)
don -áis (dative definite singular)
leis na -áisa (dative definite plural)


-aire

-aire (indefinite nominative singular)
-airí (indefinite nominative plural)
a -aire (indefinite singular vocative)
a -airí (indefinite plural vocative)
-aire (genitive indefinite singular)
-airí (genitive indefinite plural)
-aire (dative indefinite singular)
-airí (dative indefinite plural)
an -aire (definite nominative singular)
na -airí (definite nominative plural)
an -aire (definite genitive singular)
na -airí (definite genitive plural)
leis an -aire (dative definite singular)
don -aire (dative definite singular)
leis na -airí (dative definite plural)

From Old Irish -aire, from Old French -aire, ultimately from Latin -ārius.


-ne

emphatic suffix of the first-person plural; used after palatalized consonants and front vowels

-na

used after velarized consonants and back vowels


-inn

synthetic first person singular past habitual tense ending in the first conjugation

synthetic first person singular past subjunctive ending in the first conjugation


-ra

-ra (indefinite nominative singular)
-raí (indefinite nominative plural)
a -ra (indefinite singular vocative)
a -raí (indefinite plural vocative)
-ra (genitive indefinite singular)
-raí (genitive indefinite plural)
-ra (dative indefinite singular)
-raí (dative indefinite plural)
an -ra (definite nominative singular)
na -raí (definite nominative plural)
an -ra (definite genitive singular)
na -raí (definite genitive plural)
leis an -ra (dative definite singular)
don -ra (dative definite singular)
leis na -raí (dative definite plural)

milseog (“dessert”) + -ra → milseogra (“confectionery”)

glas (“green”) + -ra → glasra (“vegetable; originally “greenery”)

Collective suffix, attached to nouns or adjectives, used to form nouns: -ry, -y


-im

From Old Irish -imm. The m is always broad (velarized) in Ulster, as if the ending were spelled -(e)am. This pronunciation arose by leveling of this ending with the broad m found in first-person singular prepositional pronouns such as agam, asam, chugam etc. Compare Scottish Gaelic -am (first-person singular imperative).

cog

first-person singular present indicative and imperative ending of verbs


-ít

-ít (indefinite nominative singular)
-ítí (indefinite nominative plural)
a -ít (indefinite singular vocative)
a -ítí (indefinite plural vocative)
-íte (genitive indefinite singular)
-ítí (genitive indefinite plural)
-ít (dative indefinite singular)
-ítí (dative indefinite plural)
an -ít (definite nominative singular)
na -ítí (definite nominative plural)
na -íte (definite genitive singular)
na -ítí (definite genitive plural)
leis an -ít (dative definite singular)
don -ít (dative definite singular)
leis na -ítí (dative definite plural)


-ú

-ú (indefinite nominative singular)
-uithe (indefinite nominative plural)
a -ú (indefinite singular vocative)
a -uithe (indefinite plural vocative)
-aithe (genitive indefinite singular)
-uithe (genitive indefinite plural)
-ú (dative indefinite singular)
-uithe (dative indefinite plural)
an -ú (definite nominative singular)
na -uithe (definite nominative plural)
an -aithe (definite genitive singular)
na -uithe (definite genitive plural)
leis an -ú (dative definite singular)
don -ú (dative definite singular)
leis na -uithe (dative definite plural)

tosaigh (“begin”) + -ú → tosú (“commencement”)

uraigh (“eclipse”, verb) + -ú → urú (“eclipse”, noun)

Regular verbal noun of second-conjugation verbs, notably verbs in -aigh.


-ú

From Old Irish -mad, from Proto-Celtic *-metos; compare Welsh -fed. Cognate with Scottish Gaelic -amh.

ocht (“eight”) + -ú → ochtú (“eighth”)


-se

Alternative form of -sa (used after palatalized consonants and front vowels:)


-sa

From Old Irish -sa (1st person singular), -su (2nd person singular), and -si (3rd person singular feminine/2nd person plural).

emphatic suffix of the following persons; used after velarized consonants and back vowels:


-aim

Alternative form of -im used after a broad consonant


-ín

The suffix -ín replaced the Old Irish suffixes -án, -én, and others probably under the influence of forms like Áugustín from Latin Augustīnus.

capall (“horse”) + -ín → capaillín (“pony”)

lacha (“duck”) + -ín → lachín (“duckling”)

pota (“pot”) + -ín → poitín (“poteen”)

teach (“house”) + -ín → teachín (“cottage”)

Suffix used to form diminutive nouns, sometimes with semantic shift from the original noun.


-ín

-ín (indefinite nominative singular)
-íní (indefinite nominative plural)
a -ín (indefinite singular vocative)
a -íní (indefinite plural vocative)
-ín (genitive indefinite singular)
-íní (genitive indefinite plural)
-ín (dative indefinite singular)
-íní (dative indefinite plural)
an -ín (definite nominative singular)
na -íní (definite nominative plural)
an -ín (definite genitive singular)
na -íní (definite genitive plural)
leis an -ín (dative definite singular)
don -ín (dative definite singular)
leis na -íní (dative definite plural)

From English -ine, from Old French -ine, from Latin -īnus, from Ancient Greek -ινος (-inos).

aimín (“amine”)

anailín (“aniline”)

iaidín (“iodine”)


-r

From the Old Irish ro- (perfective prefix).

A suffix added to certain preverbs and subordinating conjunctions when these occur with past tense verbs, and in the past/conditional copular form of these preverbs and conjunctions.


-óir

-óir (indefinite nominative singular)
-óirí (indefinite nominative plural)
a -óir (indefinite singular vocative)
a -óirí (indefinite plural vocative)
-óra (genitive indefinite singular)
-óirí (genitive indefinite plural)
-óir (dative indefinite singular)
-óirí (dative indefinite plural)
an -óir (definite nominative singular)
na -óirí (definite nominative plural)
an -óra (definite genitive singular)
na -óirí (definite genitive plural)
leis an -óir (dative definite singular)
don -óir (dative definite singular)
leis na -óirí (dative definite plural)

bád (“boat”) + -óir → bádóir (“boatman”)

Béarla (“English”) + -óir → Béarlóir (“Anglophone, English-speaker”)

focal (“word”) + -óir → foclóir (“dictionary”)

loisc (“burn, scorch”) + -óir → loisceoir (“incinerator”)

-er; suffix appended to words to create an agent noun, indicating a person who does (or a thing that does) something.


-úil

-úil (masculine nominative singular)
-úil (feminine nominative singular)
-úla (nominative plural)
-úil (masculine singular vocative)
-úil (feminine singular vocative)
-úla (plural vocative)
-úil (genitive masculine singular)
-úla (feminine genitive singular)
-úla (genitive plural strong)
-úil (genitive plural weak)
-úil (dative masculine singular)
-úil (dative feminine singular)
-úla (dative plural)
níos -úla (comparative)
is -úla (superlative)

From Middle Irish -amail (compare Manx -oil, Scottish Gaelic -ail, -eil), from Old Irish -amail.

fear (“man”) + -úil → fearúil (“manly”)

cairde (“friends”) + -úil → cairdiúil (“friendly”)

Used to form many adjective forms from nouns in Irish, the adjectives having the sense of "like or characteristic of what is denoted by the noun". Similar to English -ly.


-iú

-iú (indefinite nominative singular)
-ithe (indefinite nominative plural)
a -iú (indefinite singular vocative)
a -ithe (indefinite plural vocative)
-ithe (genitive indefinite singular)
-ithe (genitive indefinite plural)
-iú (dative indefinite singular)
-ithe (dative indefinite plural)
an -iú (definite nominative singular)
na -ithe (definite nominative plural)
an -ithe (definite genitive singular)
na -ithe (definite genitive plural)
leis an -iú (dative definite singular)
don -iú (dative definite singular)
leis na -ithe (dative definite plural)

Regular verbal noun of second-conjugation verbs, notably verbs in -igh.


-imid

first-person plural present indicative and subjunctive ending of verbs


-ann

From Middle Irish -ann, -and, -enn, -end, where it was a third-person singular present conjunct ending. It started as part of the root in prototonic verb forms like ·éirenn (“pays”), ·fothlann (“removes”), ·tesband (“is lacking”), ·fuband (“attacks”), ·dérband (“prevents”) and was later reinterpreted as an ending. This -nn originates in the Old Irish class B IV presents in -(n)aid, before that from the Proto-Celtic presents in *-nāti, and finally from the Proto-Indo-European nasal infix presents in *-né-H-ti, which are formed from roots with a final laryngeal. See Proto-Indo-European *-né-.

ending of the present indicative analytic verb form

Dependent and independent verb forms
prototonic


-adh

From Old Irish -ad, from the thematic vowel of the various verb stems + Proto-Celtic *-tus.

Creates the regular verbal noun of first-conjugation verbs.


-adh

From Old Irish -ad, from the thematic vowel of the various verb stems + Proto-Celtic *-to.

Autonomous ending of first-conjugation verbs in the past indicative tense.


-adh

Analytic ending of first-conjugation verbs in the past habitual tense

Analytic ending of first-conjugation verbs in the past subjunctive mood

Third-person singular ending of first-conjugation verbs in the imperative mood


-lann

-lann (indefinite nominative singular)
-lanna (indefinite nominative plural)
a -lann (indefinite singular vocative)
a -lanna (indefinite plural vocative)
-lainne (genitive indefinite singular)
-lann (genitive indefinite plural)
-lann (dative indefinite singular)
-lanna (dative indefinite plural)
an -lann (definite nominative singular)
na -lanna (definite nominative plural)
na -lainne (definite genitive singular)
na -lann (definite genitive plural)
leis an -lann (dative definite singular)
don -lann (dative definite singular)
leis na -lanna (dative definite plural)

From Middle Irish -lann; akin to lann (“floor; enclosure”).

-ary, -ery, center

Forms nouns of place and location from other nouns, usually an enclosed space


-aimid

Synthetic present tense ending of Irish verbs, corresponding to we


-aigh

Suffix used to form verbs from nouns; semi-productive in modern Irish.


-igh

From Old Irish -igidir (whence also Scottish Gaelic -ich), originally a denominative verb formative, from Proto-Celtic *-sagyetor; compare Welsh -hau.

Suffix used to form verbs from nouns; semi-productive in modern Irish.


-ós

Relative ending of second conjugation verbs in the future tense


-ós

-ós (indefinite nominative singular)
-óis (indefinite nominative plural)
a -óis (indefinite singular vocative)
a -ósa (indefinite plural vocative)
-óis (genitive indefinite singular)
-ós (genitive indefinite plural)
-ós (dative indefinite singular)
-óis (dative indefinite plural)
an -ós (definite nominative singular)
na -óis (definite nominative plural)
an -óis (definite genitive singular)
na -ós (definite genitive plural)
leis an -ós (dative definite singular)
don -ós (dative definite singular)
leis na -óis (dative definite plural)
-ós (mutation mutation-radical)


-sean

Alternative form of -san (used after palatalized consonants and front vowels)


-án

-án (indefinite nominative singular)
-áin (indefinite nominative plural)
a -áin (indefinite singular vocative)
a -ána (indefinite plural vocative)
-áin (genitive indefinite singular)
-án (genitive indefinite plural)
-án (dative indefinite singular)
-áin (dative indefinite plural)
an -án (definite nominative singular)
na -áin (definite nominative plural)
an -áin (definite genitive singular)
na -án (definite genitive plural)
leis an -án (dative definite singular)
don -án (dative definite singular)
leis na -áin (dative definite plural)

From Middle Irish -án, Old Irish -án, from Primitive Irish -ᚐᚌᚅᚔ (-agni).

A suffix used to derive instruments, diminutives, and other nouns from primary nouns.


-acht

From Old Irish -acht (compare Scottish Gaelic -achd).

Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns roughly corresponding to English -ness, -hood, -ity, or -ure.


-tóir

-tóir (indefinite nominative singular)
-tóirí (indefinite nominative plural)
a -tóir (indefinite singular vocative)
a -tóirí (indefinite plural vocative)
-tóra (genitive indefinite singular)
-tóirí (genitive indefinite plural)
-tóir (dative indefinite singular)
-tóirí (dative indefinite plural)
an -tóir (definite nominative singular)
na -tóirí (definite nominative plural)
an -tóra (definite genitive singular)
na -tóirí (definite genitive plural)
leis an -tóir (dative definite singular)
don -tóir (dative definite singular)
leis na -tóirí (dative definite plural)

múin (“teach”, verb) + -tóir → múinteoir (“teacher”)

inneall (“engine”, noun) + -tóir → innealtóir (“engineer”)

-er (suffix appended to words to create an agent noun, indicating a person who does (or a thing that does) something)


-eán

-eán (indefinite nominative singular)
-eáin (indefinite nominative plural)
a -eáin (indefinite singular vocative)
a -eána (indefinite plural vocative)
-eáin (genitive indefinite singular)
-eán (genitive indefinite plural)
-eán (dative indefinite singular)
-eáin (dative indefinite plural)
an -eán (definite nominative singular)
na -eáin (definite nominative plural)
an -eáin (definite genitive singular)
na -eán (definite genitive plural)
leis an -eán (dative definite singular)
don -eán (dative definite singular)
leis na -eáin (dative definite plural)

From Old Irish -én, which has merged with -án in cases where the stem ends in a slender consonant.

Alternative spelling of -án (used after slender consonants)


-íonn

analytic present tense ending of the second conjugation


-aí

From earlier -aidhe, originally the Old Irish accusative and vocative plural ending of d-stem nouns. For example Old Irish arae, plural arada.

beannacht (“blessing, greeting”) + -aí → beannachtaí

gnólacht (“commercial firm”) + -aí → gnólachtaí


-aí

-aí (indefinite nominative singular)
-aithe (indefinite nominative plural)
a -aí (indefinite singular vocative)
a -aithe (indefinite plural vocative)
-aí (genitive indefinite singular)
-aithe (genitive indefinite plural)
-aí (dative indefinite singular)
-aithe (dative indefinite plural)
an -aí (definite nominative singular)
na -aithe (definite nominative plural)
an -aí (definite genitive singular)
na -aithe (definite genitive plural)
leis an -aí (dative definite singular)
don -aí (dative definite singular)
leis na -aithe (dative definite plural)

A merger of two different Old Irish suffixes. One the one hand, from Old Irish -id, from Proto-Celtic *-yatis, an extended variant of Proto-Celtic *-atis. On the other hand, from Old Irish -aige, from Proto-Celtic *sagyos (“seeker”).

roth (“wheel”) + -aí → rothaí (“cyclist”)


-aí

From Old Irish -ide, variant form of -de used after a syncopated vowel.


-acán

geal (“white”) + -acán → gealacán

lámh (“hand”) + -acán → lámhacán

A double diminutive, used to derive nouns, both common and proper, from adjectives and other nouns.


-clast

-clast (indefinite nominative singular)
-clastaí (indefinite nominative plural)
a -clast (indefinite singular vocative)
a -clastaí (indefinite plural vocative)
-clast (genitive indefinite singular)
-clastaí (genitive indefinite plural)
-clast (dative indefinite singular)
-clastaí (dative indefinite plural)
an -clast (definite nominative singular)
na -clastaí (definite nominative plural)
an -clast (definite genitive singular)
na -clastaí (definite genitive plural)
leis an -clast (dative definite singular)
don -clast (dative definite singular)
leis na -clastaí (dative definite plural)

From Ancient Greek κλαστός (klastós, “broken”).


-adóir

From Old Irish -atóir, borrowed from Latin -ātor.

bréag (“lie”) + -adóir → bréagadóir (“liar”)

dath (“color”) + -adóir → dathadóir (“colorist, dyer, painter”)

gúna (“gown, dress”) + -adóir → gúnadóir (“dressmaker”)

Suffix appended to words to create an agent noun, indicating a person who does (or a thing that does) something.


-óg

-óg (indefinite nominative singular)
-óga (indefinite nominative plural)
a -óg (indefinite singular vocative)
a -óga (indefinite plural vocative)
-óige (genitive indefinite singular)
-óg (genitive indefinite plural)
-óg (dative indefinite singular)
-óig (archaic dative dialectal indefinite singular)
-óga (dative indefinite plural)
an -óg (definite nominative singular)
na -óga (definite nominative plural)
na -óige (definite genitive singular)
na -óg (definite genitive plural)
leis an -óg (dative definite singular)
leis an -óig (archaic dative definite dialectal singular)
don -óg (dative definite singular)
don -óig (archaic dative definite dialectal singular)
leis na -óga (dative definite plural)

From Old Irish -óc (compare Scottish Gaelic -ag, Manx -ag), borrowed from Proto-Brythonic *-ọg, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos. Doublet of -ach. Not related to óg (“young”).

ciar (“black”) + -óg → ciaróg (“beetle”)

leadhb (“strip”) + -óg → leadhbóg (“shred, tatter”)

milis (“sweet”) + -óg → milseog (“dessert”)

pit (“vulva, vagina”) + -óg → piteog (“effeminate man, sissy, queer”)

reoite (“frozen”) + -óg → reoiteog (“ice cream”)

scréach (“screech”) + -óg → scréachóg (“jay”)

straois (“grin, grimace”) + -óg → straoiseog (“smiley, emoticon”)

used to form diminutives of nouns, or substantive nouns out of nominal, verbal, or adjectival roots


-iam

-iam (indefinite nominative singular)
a -iam (indefinite singular vocative)
-iam (genitive indefinite singular)
-iam (dative indefinite singular)
an -iam (definite nominative singular)
an -iam (definite genitive singular)
leis an -iam (dative definite singular)
don -iam (dative definite singular)


-fóbach

-fóbach (masculine nominative singular)
-fóbach (feminine nominative singular)
-fóbacha (nominative plural)
-fóbaigh (masculine singular vocative)
-fóbach (feminine singular vocative)
-fóbacha (plural vocative)
-fóbaigh (genitive masculine singular)
-fóbaí (feminine genitive singular)
-fóbacha (genitive plural strong)
-fóbach (genitive plural weak)
-fóbach (dative masculine singular)
-fóbach (dative feminine singular)
-fóbaigh (archaic dative feminine singular)
-fóbacha (dative plural)
níos -fóbaí (comparative)
is -fóbaí (superlative)

From Ancient Greek φόβος (phóbos, “fear”) + -ach.


-graf

-graf (indefinite nominative singular)
-graif (indefinite nominative plural)
a -graif (indefinite singular vocative)
a -grafa (indefinite plural vocative)
-graif (genitive indefinite singular)
-graf (genitive indefinite plural)
-graf (dative indefinite singular)
-graif (dative indefinite plural)
an -graf (definite nominative singular)
na -graif (definite nominative plural)
an -graif (definite genitive singular)
na -graf (definite genitive plural)
leis an -graf (dative definite singular)
don -graf (dative definite singular)
leis na -graif (dative definite plural)


-gineach

-gineach (masculine nominative singular)
-gineach (feminine nominative singular)
-gineacha (nominative plural)
-ginigh (masculine singular vocative)
-gineach (feminine singular vocative)
-gineacha (plural vocative)
-ginigh (genitive masculine singular)
-giní (feminine genitive singular)
-gineacha (genitive plural strong)
-gineach (genitive plural weak)
-gineach (dative masculine singular)
-gineach (dative feminine singular)
-ginigh (archaic dative feminine singular)
-gineacha (dative plural)
níos -giní (comparative)
is -giní (superlative)

From -gin (“-gen”) + -ach (adjectival suffix).


-alú

-alú (indefinite nominative singular)
a -alú (indefinite singular vocative)
-alaithe (genitive indefinite singular)
-alú (dative indefinite singular)
an -alú (definite nominative singular)
an -alaithe (definite genitive singular)
leis an -alú (dative definite singular)
don -alú (dative definite singular)


-áit

-áit (indefinite nominative singular)
-áita (indefinite nominative plural)
a -áit (indefinite singular vocative)
a -áita (indefinite plural vocative)
-áite (genitive indefinite singular)
-áit (genitive indefinite plural)
-áit (dative indefinite singular)
-áita (dative indefinite plural)
an -áit (definite nominative singular)
na -áita (definite nominative plural)
na -áite (definite genitive singular)
na -áit (definite genitive plural)
leis an -áit (dative definite singular)
don -áit (dative definite singular)
leis na -áita (dative definite plural)


-sóch

-sóch (masculine nominative singular)
-sóch (feminine nominative singular)
-sócha (nominative plural)
-sóch (masculine singular vocative)
-sóch (feminine singular vocative)
-sócha (plural vocative)
-sóch (genitive masculine singular)
-sóiche (feminine genitive singular)
-sócha (genitive plural strong)
-sóch (genitive plural weak)
-sóch (dative masculine singular)
-sóch (dative feminine singular)
-sócha (dative plural)
níos -sóiche (comparative)
is -sóiche (superlative)


-gineacht

-gineacht (indefinite nominative singular)
a -gineacht (indefinite singular vocative)
-gineachta (genitive indefinite singular)
-gineacht (dative indefinite singular)
an -gineacht (definite nominative singular)
na -gineachta (definite genitive singular)
leis an -gineacht (dative definite singular)
don -gineacht (dative definite singular)

From -gin (“-gen”) + -acht (abstract nominal suffix).


-gineas

-gineas (indefinite nominative singular)
a -ginis (indefinite singular vocative)
-ginis (genitive indefinite singular)
-gineas (dative indefinite singular)
an -gineas (definite nominative singular)
an -ginis (definite genitive singular)
leis an -gineas (dative definite singular)
don -gineas (dative definite singular)

From Ancient Greek γένεσις (génesis), adapted to the suffix -eas.


-gin

-gin (indefinite nominative singular)
-giní (indefinite nominative plural)
a -gin (indefinite singular vocative)
a -giní (indefinite plural vocative)
-gine (genitive indefinite singular)
-giní (genitive indefinite plural)
-gin (dative indefinite singular)
-giní (dative indefinite plural)
an -gin (definite nominative singular)
na -giní (definite nominative plural)
na -gine (definite genitive singular)
na -giní (definite genitive plural)
leis an -gin (dative definite singular)
don -gin (dative definite singular)
leis na -giní (dative definite plural)

From Ancient Greek -γενής (-genḗs, “producer of”). Possibly influenced by Irish gin (“(to give) birth, source”) from Old Irish gainithir, from Proto-Celtic *ganyetor. Both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-.


-paite

-paite (indefinite nominative singular)
a -paite (indefinite singular vocative)
-paite (genitive indefinite singular)
-paite (dative indefinite singular)
an -paite (definite nominative singular)
na -paite (definite genitive singular)
leis an -paite (dative definite singular)
don -paite (dative definite singular)


-pat

-pat (indefinite nominative singular)
-pait (indefinite nominative plural)
a -pait (indefinite singular vocative)
a -pata (indefinite plural vocative)
-pait (genitive indefinite singular)
-pat (genitive indefinite plural)
-pat (dative indefinite singular)
-pait (dative indefinite plural)
an -pat (definite nominative singular)
na -pait (definite nominative plural)
an -pait (definite genitive singular)
na -pat (definite genitive plural)
leis an -pat (dative definite singular)
don -pat (dative definite singular)
leis na -pait (dative definite plural)


-patach

-patach (masculine nominative singular)
-patach (feminine nominative singular)
-patacha (nominative plural)
-pataigh (masculine singular vocative)
-patach (feminine singular vocative)
-patacha (plural vocative)
-pataigh (genitive masculine singular)
-pataí (feminine genitive singular)
-patacha (genitive plural strong)
-patach (genitive plural weak)
-patach (dative masculine singular)
-patach (dative feminine singular)
-pataigh (archaic dative feminine singular)
-patacha (dative plural)
níos -pataí (comparative)
is -pataí (superlative)
-patach (indefinite nominative singular)
-pataigh (indefinite nominative plural)
a -pataigh (indefinite singular vocative)
a -patacha (indefinite plural vocative)
-pataigh (genitive indefinite singular)
-patach (genitive indefinite plural)
-patach (dative indefinite singular)
-pataigh (dative indefinite plural)
an -patach (definite nominative singular)
na -pataigh (definite nominative plural)
an -pataigh (definite genitive singular)
na -patach (definite genitive plural)
leis an -patach (dative definite singular)
don -patach (dative definite singular)
leis na -pataigh (dative definite plural)

From Ancient Greek πάθος (páthos, “suffering”) + -ach.


-blastach

-blastach (masculine nominative singular)
-blastach (feminine nominative singular)
-blastacha (nominative plural)
-blastaigh (masculine singular vocative)
-blastach (feminine singular vocative)
-blastacha (plural vocative)
-blastaigh (genitive masculine singular)
-blastaí (feminine genitive singular)
-blastacha (genitive plural strong)
-blastach (genitive plural weak)
-blastach (dative masculine singular)
-blastach (dative feminine singular)
-blastaigh (archaic dative feminine singular)
-blastacha (dative plural)
níos -blastaí (comparative)
is -blastaí (superlative)


-fón

-fón (indefinite nominative singular)
-fóin (indefinite nominative plural)
a -fóin (indefinite singular vocative)
a -fóna (indefinite plural vocative)
-fóin (genitive indefinite singular)
-fón (genitive indefinite plural)
-fón (dative indefinite singular)
-fóin (dative indefinite plural)
an -fón (definite nominative singular)
na -fóin (definite nominative plural)
an -fóin (definite genitive singular)
na -fón (definite genitive plural)
leis an -fón (dative definite singular)
don -fón (dative definite singular)
leis na -fóin (dative definite plural)


-morfach

-morfach (masculine nominative singular)
-morfach (feminine nominative singular)
-morfacha (nominative plural)
-morfaigh (masculine singular vocative)
-morfach (feminine singular vocative)
-morfacha (plural vocative)
-morfaigh (genitive masculine singular)
-morfaí (feminine genitive singular)
-morfacha (genitive plural strong)
-morfach (genitive plural weak)
-morfach (dative masculine singular)
-morfach (dative feminine singular)
-morfaigh (archaic dative feminine singular)
-morfacha (dative plural)
níos -morfaí (comparative)
is -morfaí (superlative)

From Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ, “form, shape”) + -ach.


-ocsacht

-ocsacht (indefinite nominative singular)
a -ocsacht (indefinite singular vocative)
-ocsachta (genitive indefinite singular)
-ocsacht (dative indefinite singular)
an -ocsacht (definite nominative singular)
na -ocsachta (definite genitive singular)
leis an -ocsacht (dative definite singular)
don -ocsacht (dative definite singular)


-óis

-óis (indefinite nominative singular)
-óisí (indefinite nominative plural)
a -óis (indefinite singular vocative)
a -óisí (indefinite plural vocative)
-óise (genitive indefinite singular)
-óisí (genitive indefinite plural)
-óis (dative indefinite singular)
-óisí (dative indefinite plural)
an -óis (definite nominative singular)
na -óisí (definite nominative plural)
na -óise (definite genitive singular)
na -óisí (definite genitive plural)
leis an -óis (dative definite singular)
don -óis (dative definite singular)
leis na -óisí (dative definite plural)

From Ancient Greek -ωσις (-ōsis, “state, abnormal condition, or action”), from -όω (-óō) stem verbs + -σις (-sis).


-óis

inflection of -ós (“-ose”):
vocative/genitive singular

inflection of -ós (“-ose”):
nominative/dative plural


-leipteach

-leipteach (masculine nominative singular)
-leipteach (feminine nominative singular)
-leipteacha (nominative plural)
-leiptigh (masculine singular vocative)
-leipteach (feminine singular vocative)
-leipteacha (plural vocative)
-leiptigh (genitive masculine singular)
-leiptí (feminine genitive singular)
-leipteacha (genitive plural strong)
-leipteach (genitive plural weak)
-leipteach (dative masculine singular)
-leipteach (dative feminine singular)
-leiptigh (archaic dative feminine singular)
-leipteacha (dative plural)
níos -leiptí (comparative)
is -leiptí (superlative)

From Ancient Greek λῆψις (lêpsis, “seizure”) + -ach.


-nastacht

-nastacht (indefinite nominative singular)
a -nastacht (indefinite singular vocative)
a -{{{4}}} (indefinite plural vocative)
-nastachta (genitive indefinite singular)
-nastacht (dative indefinite singular)
an -nastacht (definite nominative singular)
na -{{{4}}} (definite nominative plural)
na -nastachta (definite genitive singular)
na -{{{4}}} (definite genitive plural)
leis an -nastacht (dative definite singular)
don -nastacht (dative definite singular)
leis na -{{{4}}} (dative definite plural)

From Ancient Greek ναστός (nastós, “pressed, crowded, compact”) + -acht.


-fileach

-fileach (masculine nominative singular)
-fileach (feminine nominative singular)
-fileacha (nominative plural)
-filigh (masculine singular vocative)
-fileach (feminine singular vocative)
-fileacha (plural vocative)
-filigh (genitive masculine singular)
-filí (feminine genitive singular)
-fileacha (genitive plural strong)
-fileach (genitive plural weak)
-fileach (dative masculine singular)
-fileach (dative feminine singular)
-filigh (archaic dative feminine singular)
-fileacha (dative plural)
níos -filí (comparative)
is -filí (superlative)

From Ancient Greek φίλος (phílos, “love”) + -each.


-gamacht

-gamacht (indefinite nominative singular)
a -gamacht (indefinite singular vocative)
-gamachta (genitive indefinite singular)
-gamacht (dative indefinite singular)
an -gamacht (definite nominative singular)
na -gamachta (definite genitive singular)
leis an -gamacht (dative definite singular)
don -gamacht (dative definite singular)

From Ancient Greek γάμος (gámos, “marriage”) + -acht.


-trófach

From Ancient Greek τροφικός (trophikós, “pertaining to food or nourishment”), from τροφή (trophḗ, “food”). By surface analysis, -tróife + -ach.


-tróife

-tróife (indefinite nominative singular)
-tróifeanna (indefinite nominative plural)
a -tróife (indefinite singular vocative)
a -tróifeanna (indefinite plural vocative)
-tróife (genitive indefinite singular)
-tróifeanna (genitive indefinite plural)
-tróife (dative indefinite singular)
-tróifeanna (dative indefinite plural)
an -tróife (definite nominative singular)
na -tróifeanna (definite nominative plural)
na -tróife (definite genitive singular)
na -tróifeanna (definite genitive plural)
leis an -tróife (dative definite singular)
don -tróife (dative definite singular)
leis na -tróifeanna (dative definite plural)

From Ancient Greek τροφή (trophḗ, “food, nourishment”), from τρέφω (tréphō, “I congeal, thicken”).


-tóime

-tóime (indefinite nominative singular)
-tóimí (indefinite nominative plural)
a -tóime (indefinite singular vocative)
a -tóimí (indefinite plural vocative)
-tóime (genitive indefinite singular)
-tóimí (genitive indefinite plural)
-tóime (dative indefinite singular)
-tóimí (dative indefinite plural)
an -tóime (definite nominative singular)
na -tóimí (definite nominative plural)
na -tóime (definite genitive singular)
na -tóimí (definite genitive plural)
leis an -tóime (dative definite singular)
don -tóime (dative definite singular)
leis na -tóimí (dative definite plural)

From Ancient Greek τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”).


-péine

-péine (indefinite nominative singular)
-péiní (indefinite nominative plural)
a -péine (indefinite singular vocative)
a -péiní (indefinite plural vocative)
-péine (genitive indefinite singular)
-péiní (genitive indefinite plural)
-péine (dative indefinite singular)
-péiní (dative indefinite plural)
an -péine (definite nominative singular)
na -péiní (definite nominative plural)
na -péine (definite genitive singular)
na -péiní (definite genitive plural)
leis an -péine (dative definite singular)
don -péine (dative definite singular)
leis na -péiní (dative definite plural)

From Ancient Greek πενίᾱ (peníā, “poverty, lack”).


-pláise

-pláise (indefinite nominative singular)
a -pláise (indefinite singular vocative)
-pláise (genitive indefinite singular)
-pláise (dative indefinite singular)
an -pláise (definite nominative singular)
na -pláise (definite genitive singular)
leis an -pláise (dative definite singular)
don -pláise (dative definite singular)

From New Latin -plasia, from Ancient Greek πλάσις (plásis, “molding, formation”).


-giniúil

-giniúil (masculine nominative singular)
-giniúil (feminine nominative singular)
-giniúla (nominative plural)
-giniúil (masculine singular vocative)
-giniúil (feminine singular vocative)
-giniúla (plural vocative)
-giniúil (genitive masculine singular)
-giniúla (feminine genitive singular)
-giniúla (genitive plural strong)
-giniúil (genitive plural weak)
-giniúil (dative masculine singular)
-giniúil (dative feminine singular)
-giniúla (dative plural)
níos -giniúla (comparative)
is -giniúla (superlative)

From gin (“begetting, birth; generating source”) + -úil (adjectival suffix).


-stóm

-stóm (indefinite nominative singular)
-stóim (indefinite nominative plural)
a -stóim (indefinite singular vocative)
a -stóma (indefinite plural vocative)
-stóim (genitive indefinite singular)
-stóm (genitive indefinite plural)
-stóm (dative indefinite singular)
-stóim (dative indefinite plural)
an -stóm (definite nominative singular)
na -stóim (definite nominative plural)
an -stóim (definite genitive singular)
na -stóm (definite genitive plural)
leis an -stóm (dative definite singular)
don -stóm (dative definite singular)
leis na -stóim (dative definite plural)

From Ancient Greek στόμα (stóma, “mouth”).


-óideach

-óideach (masculine nominative singular)
-óideach (feminine nominative singular)
-óideacha (nominative plural)
-óidigh (masculine singular vocative)
-óideach (feminine singular vocative)
-óideacha (plural vocative)
-óidigh (genitive masculine singular)
-óidí (feminine genitive singular)
-óideacha (genitive plural strong)
-óideach (genitive plural weak)
-óideach (dative masculine singular)
-óideach (dative feminine singular)
-óidigh (archaic dative feminine singular)
-óideacha (dative plural)
níos -óidí (comparative)
is -óidí (superlative)
-óideach (indefinite nominative singular)
-óidigh (indefinite nominative plural)
a -óidigh (indefinite singular vocative)
a -óideacha (indefinite plural vocative)
-óidigh (genitive indefinite singular)
-óideach (genitive indefinite plural)
-óideach (dative indefinite singular)
-óidigh (dative indefinite plural)
an -óideach (definite nominative singular)
na -óidigh (definite nominative plural)
an -óidigh (definite genitive singular)
na -óideach (definite genitive plural)
leis an -óideach (dative definite singular)
don -óideach (dative definite singular)
leis na -óidigh (dative definite plural)


-trópacht

-trópacht (indefinite nominative singular)
a -trópacht (indefinite singular vocative)
-trópachta (genitive indefinite singular)
-trópacht (dative indefinite singular)
an -trópacht (definite nominative singular)
na -trópachta (definite genitive singular)
leis an -trópacht (dative definite singular)
don -trópacht (dative definite singular)

From Ancient Greek τροπή (tropḗ, “turning”) + -acht.


-morfacht

-morfacht (indefinite nominative singular)
-morfachtaí (indefinite nominative plural)
a -morfacht (indefinite singular vocative)
a -morfachtaí (indefinite plural vocative)
-morfachta (genitive indefinite singular)
-morfachtaí (genitive indefinite plural)
-morfacht (dative indefinite singular)
-morfachtaí (dative indefinite plural)
an -morfacht (definite nominative singular)
na -morfachtaí (definite nominative plural)
na -morfachta (definite genitive singular)
na -morfachtaí (definite genitive plural)
leis an -morfacht (dative definite singular)
don -morfacht (dative definite singular)
leis na -morfachtaí (dative definite plural)

From Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ, “form, shape”) + -acht.


-grafaíocht

-grafaíocht (indefinite nominative singular)
-grafaíochtaí (indefinite nominative plural)
a -grafaíocht (indefinite singular vocative)
a -grafaíochtaí (indefinite plural vocative)
-grafaíochta (genitive indefinite singular)
-grafaíochtaí (genitive indefinite plural)
-grafaíocht (dative indefinite singular)
-grafaíochtaí (dative indefinite plural)
an -grafaíocht (definite nominative singular)
na -grafaíochtaí (definite nominative plural)
na -grafaíochta (definite genitive singular)
na -grafaíochtaí (definite genitive plural)
leis an -grafaíocht (dative definite singular)
don -grafaíocht (dative definite singular)
leis na -grafaíochtaí (dative definite plural)

From Latin -graphia (from Ancient Greek -γραφία (-graphía), from γράφω (gráphō, “I carve, write”)) + -acht.


-grafaíoch

-grafaíoch (masculine nominative singular)
-grafaíoch (feminine nominative singular)
-grafaíocha (nominative plural)
-grafaíoch (masculine singular vocative)
-grafaíoch (feminine singular vocative)
-grafaíocha (plural vocative)
-grafaíoch (genitive masculine singular)
-grafaíche (feminine genitive singular)
-grafaíocha (genitive plural strong)
-grafaíoch (genitive plural weak)
-grafaíoch (dative masculine singular)
-grafaíoch (dative feminine singular)
-grafaíocha (dative plural)
níos -grafaíche (comparative)
is -grafaíche (superlative)

From Latin -graphia (from Ancient Greek -γραφία (-graphía), from γράφω (gráphō, “I carve, write”)) + -ach.


-méadracht

-méadracht (indefinite nominative singular)
a -méadracht (indefinite singular vocative)
-méadrachta (genitive indefinite singular)
-méadracht (dative indefinite singular)
an -méadracht (definite nominative singular)
na -méadrachta (definite genitive singular)
leis an -méadracht (dative definite singular)
don -méadracht (dative definite singular)


-arcacht

-arcacht (indefinite nominative singular)
-arcachtaí (indefinite nominative plural)
a -arcacht (indefinite singular vocative)
a -arcachtaí (indefinite plural vocative)
-arcachta (genitive indefinite singular)
-arcachtaí (genitive indefinite plural)
-arcacht (dative indefinite singular)
-arcachtaí (dative indefinite plural)
an -arcacht (definite nominative singular)
na -arcachtaí (definite nominative plural)
na -arcachta (definite genitive singular)
na -arcachtaí (definite genitive plural)
leis an -arcacht (dative definite singular)
don -arcacht (dative definite singular)
leis na -arcachtaí (dative definite plural)

From Latin -archia, Ancient Greek ἀρχός (arkhós, “leader”) + -acht.


-gán

-gán (indefinite nominative singular)
-gáin (indefinite nominative plural)
a -gáin (indefinite singular vocative)
a -gána (indefinite plural vocative)
-gáin (genitive indefinite singular)
-gán (genitive indefinite plural)
-gán (dative indefinite singular)
-gáin (dative indefinite plural)
an -gán (definite nominative singular)
na -gáin (definite nominative plural)
an -gáin (definite genitive singular)
na -gán (definite genitive plural)
leis an -gán (dative definite singular)
don -gán (dative definite singular)
leis na -gáin (dative definite plural)

From Ancient Greek γωνία (gōnía, “corner, angle”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu (“knee”).


-morf

-morf (indefinite nominative singular)
-moirf (indefinite nominative plural)
a -moirf (indefinite singular vocative)
a -morfa (indefinite plural vocative)
-moirf (genitive indefinite singular)
-morf (genitive indefinite plural)
-morf (dative indefinite singular)
-moirf (dative indefinite plural)
an -morf (definite nominative singular)
na -moirf (definite nominative plural)
an -moirf (definite genitive singular)
na -morf (definite genitive plural)
leis an -morf (dative definite singular)
don -morf (dative definite singular)
leis na -moirf (dative definite plural)


-fagach

-fagach (masculine nominative singular)
-fagach (feminine nominative singular)
-fagacha (nominative plural)
-fagaigh (masculine singular vocative)
-fagach (feminine singular vocative)
-fagacha (plural vocative)
-fagaigh (genitive masculine singular)
-fagaí (feminine genitive singular)
-fagacha (genitive plural strong)
-fagach (genitive plural weak)
-fagach (dative masculine singular)
-fagach (dative feminine singular)
-fagaigh (archaic dative feminine singular)
-fagacha (dative plural)
níos -fagaí (comparative)
is -fagaí (superlative)

From Ancient Greek φάγος (phágos, “glutton”) + -ach.


-áil

-áil (indefinite nominative singular)
-álacha (indefinite nominative plural)
a -áil (indefinite singular vocative)
a -álacha (indefinite plural vocative)
-ála (genitive indefinite singular)
-álacha (genitive indefinite plural)
-áil (dative indefinite singular)
-álacha (dative indefinite plural)
an -áil (definite nominative singular)
na -álacha (definite nominative plural)
na -ála (definite genitive singular)
na -álacha (definite genitive plural)
leis an -áil (dative definite singular)
don -áil (dative definite singular)
leis na -álacha (dative definite plural)

Extracted from gabháil and fáil (earlier faghbháil).

fáil, formerly spelled fagháil, verbal noun of faigh (“to get”)

gabháil, verbal noun of gabh (“to take”)


-áil

Cathal Ó Searcaigh
Harpic
Jeyes Fluid
Windolene

iarann (“iron”) + -áil → iarnáil (“to iron”)

spág (“a big, clumsy foot”) + -áil → spágáil (“to shamble, trudge”)

suffix used productively to form denominative verbs and their associated verbal nouns


-éad

-éad (indefinite nominative singular)
-éid (indefinite nominative plural)
a -éid (indefinite singular vocative)
a -éada (indefinite plural vocative)
-éid (genitive indefinite singular)
-éad (genitive indefinite plural)
-éad (dative indefinite singular)
-éid (dative indefinite plural)
an -éad (definite nominative singular)
na -éid (definite nominative plural)
an -éid (definite genitive singular)
na -éad (definite genitive plural)
leis an -éad (dative definite singular)
don -éad (dative definite singular)
leis na -éid (dative definite plural)


-agán

-agán (indefinite nominative singular)
-agáin (indefinite nominative plural)
a -agáin (indefinite singular vocative)
a -agána (indefinite plural vocative)
-agáin (genitive indefinite singular)
-agán (genitive indefinite plural)
-agán (dative indefinite singular)
-agáin (dative indefinite plural)
an -agán (definite nominative singular)
na -agáin (definite nominative plural)
an -agáin (definite genitive singular)
na -agán (definite genitive plural)
leis an -agán (dative definite singular)
don -agán (dative definite singular)
leis na -agáin (dative definite plural)

From Old Irish -acán, equivalent to -óg + -án.

A suffix used to derives instruments, diminutives, and other nouns from primary nouns in Irish.


-mhar

-mhar (masculine nominative singular)
-mhar (feminine nominative singular)
-mhara (nominative plural)
-mhair (masculine singular vocative)
-mhar (feminine singular vocative)
-mhara (plural vocative)
-mhair (genitive masculine singular)
-mhaire (feminine genitive singular)
-mhara (genitive plural strong)
-mhar (genitive plural weak)
-mhar (dative masculine singular)
-mhar (dative feminine singular)
-mhair (archaic dative feminine singular)
-mhara (dative plural)
níos -mhaire (comparative)
is -mhaire (superlative)

From Old Irish -mar, from már, mór (“big”).

-y (added to nouns to form adjectives meaning “having the quality of”)


-méir

-méir (indefinite nominative singular)
-méirí (indefinite nominative plural)
a -méir (indefinite singular vocative)
a -méirí (indefinite plural vocative)
-méire (genitive indefinite singular)
-méirí (genitive indefinite plural)
-méir (dative indefinite singular)
-méirí (dative indefinite plural)
an -méir (definite nominative singular)
na -méirí (definite nominative plural)
na -méire (definite genitive singular)
na -méirí (definite genitive plural)
leis an -méir (dative definite singular)
don -méir (dative definite singular)
leis na -méirí (dative definite plural)

From Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”).


-pód

-pód (indefinite nominative singular)
-póid (indefinite nominative plural)
a -póid (indefinite singular vocative)
a -póda (indefinite plural vocative)
-póid (genitive indefinite singular)
-pód (genitive indefinite plural)
-pód (dative indefinite singular)
-póid (dative indefinite plural)
an -pód (definite nominative singular)
na -póid (definite nominative plural)
an -póid (definite genitive singular)
na -pód (definite genitive plural)
leis an -pód (dative definite singular)
don -pód (dative definite singular)
leis na -póid (dative definite plural)

From Ancient Greek ποδός (podós), genitive singular of πούς (poús, “foot, leg”).


-giniteach

-giniteach (masculine nominative singular)
-giniteach (feminine nominative singular)
-giniteacha (nominative plural)
-ginitigh (masculine singular vocative)
-giniteach (feminine singular vocative)
-giniteacha (plural vocative)
-ginitigh (genitive masculine singular)
-ginití (feminine genitive singular)
-giniteacha (genitive plural strong)
-giniteach (genitive plural weak)
-giniteach (dative masculine singular)
-giniteach (dative feminine singular)
-ginitigh (archaic dative feminine singular)
-giniteacha (dative plural)
níos -ginití (comparative)
is -ginití (superlative)


-eas

-eas (indefinite nominative singular)
-is (indefinite nominative plural)
a -is (indefinite singular vocative)
a -easa (indefinite plural vocative)
-is (genitive indefinite singular)
-eas (genitive indefinite plural)
-eas (dative indefinite singular)
-is (dative indefinite plural)
an -eas (definite nominative singular)
na -is (definite nominative plural)
an -is (definite genitive singular)
na -eas (definite genitive plural)
leis an -eas (dative definite singular)
don -eas (dative definite singular)
leis na -is (dative definite plural)


-eog

-eog (indefinite nominative singular)
-eoga (indefinite nominative plural)
a -eog (indefinite singular vocative)
a -eoga (indefinite plural vocative)
-eoige (genitive indefinite singular)
-eog (genitive indefinite plural)
-eog (dative indefinite singular)
-eoga (dative indefinite plural)
an -eog (definite nominative singular)
na -eoga (definite nominative plural)
na -eoige (definite genitive singular)
na -eog (definite genitive plural)
leis an -eog (dative definite singular)
don -eog (dative definite singular)
leis na -eoga (dative definite plural)

Alternative spelling of -óg (used after slender consonants)


-acha

Originally the Old Irish accusative and vocative plural ending of k-stem nouns. For example Old Irish cathair/cathir, vocative/accusative plural cathracha → Irish cathair, plural cathracha.


-obach

-obach (masculine nominative singular)
-obach (feminine nominative singular)
-obacha (nominative plural)
-obaigh (masculine singular vocative)
-obach (feminine singular vocative)
-obacha (plural vocative)
-obaigh (genitive masculine singular)
-obaí (feminine genitive singular)
-obacha (genitive plural strong)
-obach (genitive plural weak)
-obach (dative masculine singular)
-obach (dative feminine singular)
-obaigh (archaic dative feminine singular)
-obacha (dative plural)
níos -obaí (comparative)
is -obaí (superlative)

From obach (“refusing, rejecting; shunning”).


-lit

-lit (indefinite nominative singular)
-lití (indefinite nominative plural)
a -lit (indefinite singular vocative)
a -lití (indefinite plural vocative)
-lite (genitive indefinite singular)
-lití (genitive indefinite plural)
-lit (dative indefinite singular)
-lití (dative indefinite plural)
an -lit (definite nominative singular)
na -lití (definite nominative plural)
na -lite (definite genitive singular)
na -lití (definite genitive plural)
leis an -lit (dative definite singular)
don -lit (dative definite singular)
leis na -lití (dative definite plural)


-lathas

-lathas (indefinite nominative singular)
-lathais (indefinite nominative plural)
a -lathais (indefinite singular vocative)
a -lathasa (indefinite plural vocative)
-lathais (genitive indefinite singular)
-lathas (genitive indefinite plural)
-lathas (dative indefinite singular)
-lathais (dative indefinite plural)
an -lathas (definite nominative singular)
na -lathais (definite nominative plural)
an -lathais (definite genitive singular)
na -lathas (definite genitive plural)
leis an -lathas (dative definite singular)
don -lathas (dative definite singular)
leis na -lathais (dative definite plural)


-lathaí

-lathaí (indefinite nominative singular)
-lathaithe (indefinite nominative plural)
a -lathaí (indefinite singular vocative)
a -lathaithe (indefinite plural vocative)
-lathaí (genitive indefinite singular)
-lathaithe (genitive indefinite plural)
-lathaí (dative indefinite singular)
-lathaithe (dative indefinite plural)
an -lathaí (definite nominative singular)
na -lathaithe (definite nominative plural)
an -lathaí (definite genitive singular)
na -lathaithe (definite genitive plural)
leis an -lathaí (dative definite singular)
don -lathaí (dative definite singular)
leis na -lathaithe (dative definite plural)


-lathaí

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of -lathach:
genitive singular feminine

inflection of -lathach:
comparative degree


-lathach

-lathach (masculine nominative singular)
-lathach (feminine nominative singular)
-lathacha (nominative plural)
-lathaigh (masculine singular vocative)
-lathach (feminine singular vocative)
-lathacha (plural vocative)
-lathaigh (genitive masculine singular)
-lathaí (feminine genitive singular)
-lathacha (genitive plural strong)
-lathach (genitive plural weak)
-lathach (dative masculine singular)
-lathach (dative feminine singular)
-lathaigh (archaic dative feminine singular)
-lathacha (dative plural)
níos -lathaí (comparative)
is -lathaí (superlative)


-chruthach

-chruthach (masculine nominative singular)
-chruthach (feminine nominative singular)
-chruthacha (nominative plural)
-chruthaigh (masculine singular vocative)
-chruthach (feminine singular vocative)
-chruthacha (plural vocative)
-chruthaigh (genitive masculine singular)
-chruthaí (feminine genitive singular)
-chruthacha (genitive plural strong)
-chruthach (genitive plural weak)
-chruthach (dative masculine singular)
-chruthach (dative feminine singular)
-chruthaigh (archaic dative feminine singular)
-chruthacha (dative plural)
níos -chruthaí (comparative)
is -chruthaí (superlative)

From cruth (“shape”) + -ach (adjectival suffix).


-scóp

-scóp (indefinite nominative singular)
-scóip (indefinite nominative plural)
a -scóip (indefinite singular vocative)
a -scópa (indefinite plural vocative)
-scóip (genitive indefinite singular)
-scóp (genitive indefinite plural)
-scóp (dative indefinite singular)
-scóip (dative indefinite plural)
an -scóp (definite nominative singular)
na -scóip (definite nominative plural)
an -scóip (definite genitive singular)
na -scóp (definite genitive plural)
leis an -scóp (dative definite singular)
don -scóp (dative definite singular)
leis na -scóip (dative definite plural)


-scópacht

-scópacht (indefinite nominative singular)
-scópachtaí (indefinite nominative plural)
a -scópacht (indefinite singular vocative)
a -scópachtaí (indefinite plural vocative)
-scópachta (genitive indefinite singular)
-scópachtaí (genitive indefinite plural)
-scópacht (dative indefinite singular)
-scópachtaí (dative indefinite plural)
an -scópacht (definite nominative singular)
na -scópachtaí (definite nominative plural)
na -scópachta (definite genitive singular)
na -scópachtaí (definite genitive plural)
leis an -scópacht (dative definite singular)
don -scópacht (dative definite singular)
leis na -scópachtaí (dative definite plural)

From -scóp (“-scope”) + -acht (abstract nominal suffix).


-íteas

-íteas (indefinite nominative singular)
a -ítis (indefinite singular vocative)
-ítis (genitive indefinite singular)
-íteas (dative indefinite singular)
an -íteas (definite nominative singular)
an -ítis (definite genitive singular)
leis an -íteas (dative definite singular)
don -íteas (dative definite singular)

From New Latin -itis, from Ancient Greek -ῖτις (-îtis, “pertaining to”).


-fá

synthetic second person singular ending of first conjugation verbs in the conditional mood


-eann

cuir + -eann → cuireann

Alternative spelling of -ann (used after a slender consonant)


-nn

dóigh + -nn → dónn

Alternative form of -ann (used after a stressed broad vowel)


-éir

-éir (indefinite nominative singular)
-éirí (indefinite nominative plural)
a -éir (indefinite singular vocative)
a -éirí (indefinite plural vocative)
-éara (genitive indefinite singular)
-éirí (genitive indefinite plural)
-éir (dative indefinite singular)
-éirí (dative indefinite plural)
an -éir (definite nominative singular)
na -éirí (definite nominative plural)
an -éara (definite genitive singular)
na -éirí (definite genitive plural)
leis an -éir (dative definite singular)
don -éir (dative definite singular)
leis na -éirí (dative definite plural)

-er (used to form agent nouns; used to indicate an occupation)


-eoir

-eoir (indefinite nominative singular)
-eoirí (indefinite nominative plural)
a -eoir (indefinite singular vocative)
a -eoirí (indefinite plural vocative)
-eora (genitive indefinite singular)
-eoirí (genitive indefinite plural)
-eoir (dative indefinite singular)
-eoirí (dative indefinite plural)
an -eoir (definite nominative singular)
na -eoirí (definite nominative plural)
an -eora (definite genitive singular)
na -eoirí (definite genitive plural)
leis an -eoir (dative definite singular)
don -eoir (dative definite singular)
leis na -eoirí (dative definite plural)

Alternative form of -óir (used after a slender consonant)


-anna

Originally the Old Irish accusative and vocative plural ending of n-stem nouns. For example Old Irish imbliu, vocative/accusative plural imblenna. Cognate with Scottish Gaelic -an and Manx -yn.


-mhadh

Superseded spelling of -ú (ordinal suffix)


-oidhe

Obsolete spelling of -aí (“agent suffix”).


-aidhe

Obsolete spelling of -aí (“plural suffix”).


-idhe

slender form of -aidhe: obsolete form of -í.


-ibh

From Old Irish -(a)ib (dative plural ending), from Proto-Celtic *-ābis, *-obis, *-ibis, and *-ubis (instrumental plural ending).

(archaic) forms the dative plural of nouns


-traí

-traí (indefinite nominative singular)
-traithe (indefinite nominative plural)
a -traí (indefinite singular vocative)
a -traithe (indefinite plural vocative)
-traí (genitive indefinite singular)
-traithe (genitive indefinite plural)
-traí (dative indefinite singular)
-traithe (dative indefinite plural)
an -traí (definite nominative singular)
na -traithe (definite nominative plural)
na -traí (definite genitive singular)
na -traithe (definite genitive plural)
leis an -traí (dative definite singular)
don -traí (dative definite singular)
leis na -traithe (dative definite plural)

Forms nouns indicating a kind of music that induces something.


-the

slender form of -tha: alternative form of -ta (plural)

slender form of -tha: alternative form of -ta (past participle)

slender form of -tha: alternative form of -ta (genitive)


-achas

-achas (indefinite nominative singular)
-achais (indefinite nominative plural)
a -achais (indefinite singular vocative)
a -achasa (indefinite plural vocative)
-achais (genitive indefinite singular)
-achas (genitive indefinite plural)
-achas (dative indefinite singular)
-achais (dative indefinite plural)
an -achas (definite nominative singular)
na -achais (definite nominative plural)
an -achais (definite genitive singular)
na -achas (definite genitive plural)
leis an -achas (dative definite singular)
don -achas (dative definite singular)
leis na -achais (dative definite plural)


-achán

-achán (indefinite nominative singular)
-acháin (indefinite nominative plural)
a -acháin (indefinite singular vocative)
a -achána (indefinite plural vocative)
-acháin (genitive indefinite singular)
-achán (genitive indefinite plural)
-achán (dative indefinite singular)
-acháin (dative indefinite plural)
an -achán (definite nominative singular)
na -acháin (definite nominative plural)
an -acháin (definite genitive singular)
na -achán (definite genitive plural)
leis an -achán (dative definite singular)
don -achán (dative definite singular)
leis na -acháin (dative definite plural)


-óma

-óma (indefinite nominative singular)
-ómaí (indefinite nominative plural)
a -óma (indefinite singular vocative)
a -ómaí (indefinite plural vocative)
-óma (genitive indefinite singular)
-ómaí (genitive indefinite plural)
-óma (dative indefinite singular)
-ómaí (dative indefinite plural)
an -óma (definite nominative singular)
na -ómaí (definite nominative plural)
an -óma (definite genitive singular)
na -ómaí (definite genitive plural)
leis an -óma (dative definite singular)
don -óma (dative definite singular)
leis na -ómaí (dative definite plural)


-mid

From Middle Irish -mit, itself from Old Irish ending -m(a)i (first-person plural absolute) suffixed with -(a)it (third-person neuter suffixed pronoun). In a similar way the infixed neuter pronoun gave rise to lenition after ní and the preverb do-.

ending of first-person plural verb forms in the present indicative, future, and present subjunctive


-dóir

gúna (“gown, dress”) + -dóir → gúnadóir (“dressmaker”)

Alternative form of -adóir (suffix appended to words to create an agent noun)


-cít

-cít (indefinite nominative singular)
-cítí (indefinite nominative plural)
a -cít (indefinite singular vocative)
a -cítí (indefinite plural vocative)
-cíte (genitive indefinite singular)
-cítí (genitive indefinite plural)
-cít (dative indefinite singular)
-cítí (dative indefinite plural)
an -cít (definite nominative singular)
na -cítí (definite nominative plural)
na -cíte (definite genitive singular)
na -cítí (definite genitive plural)
leis an -cít (dative definite singular)
don -cít (dative definite singular)
leis na -cítí (dative definite plural)

From Latin cyta, from Ancient Greek κύτος (kútos, “vessel, jar”).


-méadar

-méadar (indefinite nominative singular)
-méadair (indefinite nominative plural)
a -méadair (indefinite singular vocative)
a -méadara (indefinite plural vocative)
-méadair (genitive indefinite singular)
-méadar (genitive indefinite plural)
-méadar (dative indefinite singular)
-méadair (dative indefinite plural)
an -méadar (definite nominative singular)
na -méadair (definite nominative plural)
an -méadair (definite genitive singular)
na -méadar (definite genitive plural)
leis an -méadar (dative definite singular)
don -méadar (dative definite singular)
leis na -méadair (dative definite plural)


-fadh

Analytic ending of first-conjugation verbs in the conditional tense


-óidh

From earlier -óchaidh, -eochaidh (still used in Ulster), from Middle Irish -éuchaid, é-future of -igid (from Old Irish -igidir).

Forms the analytic form of the future tense of the second conjugation.


-úint

-úint (indefinite nominative singular)
-úintí (indefinite nominative plural)
a -úint (indefinite singular vocative)
a -úintí (indefinite plural vocative)
-úna (genitive indefinite singular)
-úintí (genitive indefinite plural)
-úint (dative indefinite singular)
-úintí (dative indefinite plural)
an -úint (definite nominative singular)
na -úintí (definite nominative plural)
na -úna (definite genitive singular)
na -úintí (definite genitive plural)
leis an -úint (dative definite singular)
don -úint (dative definite singular)
leis na -úintí (dative definite plural)

From Middle Irish -amain, -amaint, from Old Irish -amon.


-úr

-úr (indefinite nominative singular)
-úir (indefinite nominative plural)
a -úir (indefinite singular vocative)
a -úra (indefinite plural vocative)
-úir (genitive indefinite singular)
-úr (genitive indefinite plural)
-úr (dative indefinite singular)
-úir (dative indefinite plural)
an -úr (definite nominative singular)
na -úir (definite nominative plural)
an -úir (definite genitive singular)
na -úr (definite genitive plural)
leis an -úr (dative definite singular)
don -úr (dative definite singular)
leis na -úir (dative definite plural)

duille (“leaf”) + -úr → duilliúr (“foliage”)

collective suffix, used to form groups of objects


-íocht

-íocht (indefinite nominative singular)
-íochtaí (indefinite nominative plural)
a -íocht (indefinite singular vocative)
a -íochtaí (indefinite plural vocative)
-íochta (genitive indefinite singular)
-íochtaí (genitive indefinite plural)
-íocht (dative indefinite singular)
-íochtaí (dative indefinite plural)
an -íocht (definite nominative singular)
na -íochtaí (definite nominative plural)
na -íochta (definite genitive singular)
na -íochtaí (definite genitive plural)
leis an -íocht (dative definite singular)
don -íocht (dative definite singular)
leis na -íochtaí (dative definite plural)

suffix forming abstract nouns from adjectives


-trópach

From Ancient Greek τροπικός (tropikós, “of or pertaining to a turn or change”) + -ach.

af

(sciences) -tropic (turning or changing; affecting or attracted to the thing specified)


-amh

From Old Irish -em, -am, from Proto-Celtic *-īmā (whence Welsh -i).


-méadrach

From méadrach, from méadar (“metre”) + -ach, a calque of English -metric with phono-semantic matching.


-ím

synthetic first person singular present tense ending in the second conjugation


-fimid

first-person plural future indicative ending of first conjugation verbs


-ímid

first-person plural present indicative and subjunctive ending of second conjugation verbs


-ínn

synthetic first person singular ending of second conjugation verbs in the habitual past tense and the past subjunctive mood


-amar

first-person plural past indicative of first conjugation verbs


-imis

first-person plural ending of first conjugation verbs in the past habitual indicative tense, subjunctive mood, and imperative mood


-íomar

first-person plural past indicative ending of second conjugation verbs


-ímis

first-person plural ending of second conjugation verbs in the past habitual indicative tense, subjunctive mood, and imperative mood


-finn

synthetic first person singular future tense ending in the first conjugation


-óimid

first-person plural future indicative of second conjugation verbs


-óimis

first-person plural ending of second conjugation verbs in the conditional mood


-fidís

third-person plural ending of first conjugation verbs in the conditional mood


-óidís

third-person plural ending of second conjugation verbs in the conditional mood


-óinn

synthetic first person singular ending of second conjugation verbs in the conditional mood


-fimis

first-person plural ending of first conjugation verbs in the future indicative tenses


-idís

third-person plural ending of first conjugation verbs in the past habitual indicative tense, past subjunctive mood, and imperative mood


-ófá

synthetic second person singular ending of second conjugation verbs in the conditional mood


-ídís

third-person plural ending of second conjugation verbs in the past habitual indicative tense, past subjunctive mood, and imperative mood


-íteá

synthetic second person singular ending of second conjugation verbs in the past habitual tense and past subjunctive mood


-ítí

Autonomous ending of second conjugation verbs in the past habitual tense and past subjunctive mood


-ófaí

autonomous ending of second conjugation verbs in the conditional mood


-íodh

Analytic ending of second conjugation verbs in the habitual past tense and the past subjunctive mood

Autonomous ending of second conjugation verbs in the indicative past tense

Third person singular ending of second conjugation verbs in the imperative mood


-tí

autonomous ending of first conjugation verbs in the habitual past tense


-tá

synthetic second person singular ending of first conjugation verbs in the past habitual tense


-ítear

Autonomous ending of second conjugation verbs in the present tense, present subjunctive mood, and conditional mood


-fí

autonomous ending of first conjugation verbs in the conditional mood


-igí

second-person plural ending of first conjugation verbs in the imperative mood


-ígí

second-person plural ending of second conjugation verbs in the imperative mood


-ófar

Autonomous ending of second conjugation verbs in the future tense


-ód

synthetic first-person singular ending of second conjugation verbs in the future


-far

Autonomous ending of first conjugation verbs in the future tense


-ódh

Forms the analytic form of the conditional mood of the second conjugation.


-fas

Relative ending of first conjugation verbs in the future tense


-íos

Relative ending of second conjugation verbs in the present tense

Synthetic first person singular ending if second conjugation verbs in the past tense


-idh

Forms the historical present ending of verbs.

(obsolete) Forms the present tense independent ending of verbs in Early Modern Irish.


-fóine

From Latin -phōnia, from Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).


-óid

From Latin -oīdēs, from Ancient Greek -ο-ειδής (-o-eidḗs), from εἶδος (eîdos, “form, likeness”).


-óid

A conflation of various suffixes derived from Latin by way of Proto-Brythonic, including -ātiō, -ūtiō, -ūtum, and -tātem.


-fít

From Ancient Greek φυτόν (phutón, “plant”).


-aímid

Alternative form of -ímid used after a broad consonant


-aím

Alternative form of -ím used after a broad consonant


-adán

A reanalysis originating with words ending in -ad or -aid to which the suffix -án was added, such as amadán from amaid or snáthadán from snáthaid.


-únas

From Old Irish -emnas, from -emn- + -as.