air

airsean (emphatic)
air (mutation mutation-radical)
n-air (eclipsis mutation)
hair (mutation prothesis-h)

third-person singular masculine of ar (on him, on it m)


from

Alternative form of faram (“along with me, beside me; in addition to me; as good as me”)


as

Ní fhuair tú freagra as.

third-person masculine singular of as (from, off, out of)


dada

Níl dada ann.

Ní fheicim dada.

anything (in a question or negative statement), nothing


sin

sin (mutation mutation-radical)
shin (lenition mutation)
tsin (lenition mutation)

From Middle Irish sin, from Old Irish sin.

Sin é mo dheartháir.

Ó cad é sin don té sin nach mbaineann sin dó?

(Can we date this quote?), “Cad é sin don té sin [What is that to anyone]”:

Oh what is that to him whom that doesn't concern?


ea

From Old Irish ed (“it”). Ultimately akin to English it, Latin id, etc.


ar

head

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

ga-pron

except of past autonomous forms (triggers-lenition)

Sin ar chonnaic mé ann.

Ar thuig tú ar canadh?

Cheannaigh mé ar íoc tú as.

a

form used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs


sí

sise (emphatic)
sí (mutation mutation-radical)
shí (lenition mutation)
tsí (lenition mutation)

From Old Irish sí, from Proto-Celtic *sī, from Proto-Indo-European *sih₂.


té

From Old Irish intí; synchronically analyzable as t- (marker of t-prothesis) + é (“him”).


leo

third-person plural of le: with them, to them


dom

first-person singular of do (“to/for me”)


duit

second-person singular of do: to/for you sg


di

third-person singular feminine of de: from/of her, from/of it f

third-person singular feminine of do: to/for her, to/for it f


cad

Clipping of cad é, from early modern caidhe (“what is?”) from Old Irish cote (“what is the nature of? of what kind is?”), due to analogy with copular phrases like is é, an é.

der

Cad as duit?


bean

PIE word
 *gʷḗn
From Old Irish ben, from Proto-Celtic *benā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.

Tá triúr iníonacha agam; tá bean acu trasinscneach.

I have three daughters; one of them is transgender.


mise

I, me


cé

head

cé (triggers h-prothesis of a following disjunctive pronoun é, í, iad; followed by a relative clause)

ga-pron

of a following disjunctive pronoun é (triggers-h-prothesis)
í (triggers-h-prothesis)
iad (triggers-h-prothesis)

From Old Irish cía, from Proto-Celtic *kʷei (from which also Welsh pwy), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis.

Cé hé?

Cé hí an bhean sin?

Cé a dhéanfaidh é?


muid

From the first-person plural present verb ending -mid reanalyzed as a subject pronoun.


sibh

head

sibh (emphatic form sibhse, conjunctive and disjunctive)

From Old Irish sib (compare Scottish Gaelic sibh, Manx shiu, from Proto-Celtic *swiswis (compare Welsh chwichwi), a reduplicated form of *swīs (“you, ye”) (see Old Irish síi), from Proto-Indo-European *wos.

Bhí sibh ansin.

Cloisim sibh.


agaibh

From Middle Irish ocaib, occaib, acaib, from oc, ac, ic.
From ag (“to”) + sibh ("you" [plural]).

Slán agaibh!

Goodbye! (spoken by a person departing to two or more people who are remaining)


againn

From Middle Irish ocainn, acainn, ocaind, from Old Irish ocunn.


aici

From Middle Irish occai, acci, aicce, from Old Irish occai, occae, occi.

third-person singular feminine of ag: at her, at it f


siad

siad (emphatic form siadsan, conjunctive)


acu

Tá madra acu.

They have a dog. (literally, “A dog is at them.”)


tú

From Old Irish tú, from Proto-Celtic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.


agat

From Old Irish ocut.
From ag (“to”) + tú ("you" [singular]).


agam

Tá leabhar agam.

I have a book. (literally, “A book is at me.”)


mé

mé (emphatic form mise, conjunctive and disjunctive)

Tá mé anseo.

Feiceann sé mé.


ann

From Old Irish and, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dó

third-person singular masculine of i: in him, in it m


leat

second-person singular of le: with you sg, to you sg


linn

first-person plural of le: with us, to us


í

From sí with loss of s- by analogy with é (“him”).


á

á (triggers lenition in the masculine singular, h-prothesis in the feminine singular, and eclipsis in the plural)

ga-pron

in the masculine singular (triggers-lenition)

Táim á bhualadh.

Táim á ól.

I am drinking it (referring to a masculine noun, e.g. bainne (“milk”)).

Táim á bualadh.

Táim á hól.
I am drinking it (referring to a feminine noun, e.g. bláthach (“buttermilk”)).

Táim á mbualadh.

Táim á n-ól.

him, her, it, them (used before the verbal noun in the progressive to indicate a third person direct object)

Tá an buachaill á bhualadh.

The boy is being hit (literally ‘The boy is at his hitting’).

Tá an chloch á tógáil ag Séamas.
The stone is being lifted by Séamas (literally ‘The stone is at its lifting by Séamas’).

used as a quasi-reflexive pronoun in a sentence with passive semantics


a

From Old Irish a (“that, which the relative particle used after prepositions”), reanalyzed as an independent indirect relative particle from forms like ar a (“on which, on whom”), dá (“to which, to whom”), or early modern le a (“with which, with whom”), agá (“at which, at whom”) when prepositional pronouns started to be repeated in such clauses (eg. don té agá mbíon cloidheamh (…) aige, daoine agá mbíonn grádh aco do Dhia). Compare the forms used in Munster instead: go (from agá (“at which”)) and na (from i n-a (“in which”), go n-a (“with which”), ria n-a (“before which”) and later lena (“with which”), tréna (“through which”)).

ar

used with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs

Sin a bhfuil ann.

An bhfuair tú a raibh uait?

Íocfaidh mé as a gceannóidh tú.


damh

damhsa (emphatic)
damh (mutation mutation-radical)
dhamh (lenition mutation)
ndamh (eclipsis mutation)


seo

Seo mo theach.


é

From Old Irish é, from Proto-Indo-European *éy.


fru

frusan (emphatic)
fru (mutation mutation-radical)
fhru (lenition mutation)
bhfru (eclipsis mutation)


orm

From Old Irish form. Cognates include Scottish Gaelic orm and Manx orrym.

Tá ocras orm.


aisti

From Middle Irish esti, eisti, este, aiste, from Old Irish essi, esse, eissi, third-person singular feminine form of a (“out of, from”).

Ní fhuair tú freagra aisti.


sinne

we, us


lé

Alternative spelling of léi: third-person singular feminine of le


soin

soin (mutation mutation-radical)
shoin (lenition mutation)
tsoin (lenition mutation)


aice

aicese (emphatic)
aice (mutation mutation-radical)
n-aice (eclipsis mutation)
haice (mutation prothesis-h)


iad

iadsan (emphatic)
iad (mutation mutation-radical)
n-iad (eclipsis mutation)
hiad (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Irish íat (“they, them”), from Old Irish é, ía (“they”) (plural of é (“he”)) with the addition of the 3rd person plural verb ending.
Cognate with Welsh hwy ~ hwynt, Breton i ~ int, with the same addition of the verb ending.


dise

third-person singular feminine emphatic of de

third-person singular feminine emphatic of do


agad

Galway and Ulster form of agat: second-person singular of ag


acusan

/ˈɑkəpˠsˠənˠ/

Is ar na bochtáin, go háirithe i dtíortha ina bhfuil daoine ar ioncam íseal, atá an t-ualach is mó maidir le breoiteacht agus le drochshláinte, agus is acusan atá an rochtain is lú ar sheirbhísí cúraim shláinte agus is lú atá in ann déileáil le tionchar an tinnis agus teacht as.

2007 February 8, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, “Sláinte”, in Irish Aid, retrieved 2012-10-02:

The poor, and especially those in low-income countries, bear the highest burden of sickness and ill health, have the least access to health care services, and are least equipped to cope with and recover from the impact of illness.


desean

third-person singular masculine emphatic of de


léi

third-person singular feminine of le: with her, to her


leis

D’oibrigh mé leis.


dó

(Cois Fharraige) third-person singular masculine of de


astu

/ˈɑsˠt̪ˠəbˠ/

/ˈasˠt̪ˠəbˠ/

From Middle Irish asta, from Old Irish essib, eissib, esib, estib, eistib.


rompu

From Middle Irish rempu, rempo, rempa, rompu, rompoibh, replacing earlier remaib, from Old Irish roaib.

third-person plural of roimh: before them


féin

From Old Irish féin, from Proto-Celtic *swesin (from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“oneself”)) + *sin (anaphoric pronoun).

mé féin

sinn féin

Thóg mé mo theach féin.


faoi

A generalization of the third-person masculine singular inflected form, from Old Irish foí, the third-person masculine singular inflected form of fo (“under”), from Proto-Celtic *uɸo, from Proto-Indo-European *upo. Compare Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó), Middle Welsh go. During the Early Modern Irish period, this preposition began to take over the meaning of Old Irish imm (“around, about”) (modern um), which had variant forms ma and lenited fa, bha that were probably conflated with faoi. Doublet of ó (“-wards”).


frum

Alternative form of faram (“along with me, beside me; in addition to me; as good as me”)


tusa

From Old Irish tussu. By surface analysis, tú + -sa.

you (singular), thou


libh

second-person plural of le: with you pl, to you pl


dóibh

(Cois Fharraige) third-person plural of de: of/from them


daoibh

second-person plural of do: to/for you pl


daoibh

Alternative form of díobh (third-person plural of de)


liom

From Old Irish lium, conflated with friumm.

first-person singular of le: with me, to me


thusa

you (singular), thou, thee


aigesan

Aran form of aigesean: third-person singular masculine emphatic of ag


agamsa

first-person singular emphatic of ag: at me


agadsa

Cois Fharraige and Ulster form of agatsa: second-person singular emphatic of ag


aicese

emphatic form of aice: alternative form of aicise (“at her”)


iadsan

/ˈiəd̪ˠsˠənˠ/

they, them


ise

she, her, it


sibhse

you (plural), you all


leatsa

/ˈlʲat̪ˠsˠə/

An leatsa é seo?


ortsa

/ˈɔɾˠt̪ˠsˠə/


ormsa

/ˈɔɾˠəmˠsˠə/

Tá athas ormsa bualadh leat.

I’m very happy to meet you. (literally “There is happiness on me to meet you.”)


inntese

Superseded spelling of intise: emphatic form of innte


annsan

third-person singular masculine emphatic of i


uaithe

Superseded spelling of uaithi (“from her”).


uamsa

Ulster form of uaimse: first-person singular emphatic of ó


uaibh

From Middle Irish úadib, úaidib, úathib, úaithib, from Old Irish (h)úaib.


asamsa

/ˈasˠəmˠsˠə/

/ˈɑsˠəmˠsˠə/


asaibhse

/ˈasˠt̪ˠiːʃə/


asainn

/ˈasˠt̪ˠən̠ʲ/

Ní fhaighidh tú freagra asainn.


asainne

/ˈaːsˠən̠ʲə/

/ˈaːsˠt̪ˠən̠ʲə/


aiste

aistese (emphatic)
aiste (mutation mutation-radical)
n-aiste (eclipsis mutation)
haiste (mutation prothesis-h)


asam

Ní fhuair siad freagra asam.


romhainn

From Middle Irish romainn, remainn, remunn, riun, from Old Irish reunn.


romhaibh

second-person plural of roimh: before you pl


romham

From Middle Irish remum, róm, rium, from Old Irish reum.

first-person singular of roimh: before me, in front of me


roimhe

From Middle Irish reme, remi, roime, replacing earlier ríam, from Old Irish rïam.

third-person singular masculine of roimh: before him/it m


romhaibhse

second-person plural emphatic of roimh: before you pl


romhamsa

first-person singular emphatic of roimh: before me, in front of me


romhainne

first-person plural emphatic of roimh: before us


domhsa

emphatic form of domh: alternative form of domsa (“to/for me”)


dhise

third-person singular feminine emphatic of de

third-person singular feminine emphatic of do


dhuit

second-person singular of do: to/for you sg


dhi

third-person singular feminine of de: from/of her, from/of it f

third-person singular feminine of do: to/for her, to/for it f


chuige

third-person singular masculine of chuig


chugamsa

/ˈhɞɡəmˠsˠə/

first-person singular emphatic of chuig and chun


caidé

Caidé atá ann?

In standardized Irish this would be "Cad é atá ann?"


céard

Univerbation of cé (“what”) + rud (“thing”).

univ

Céard é féin?


sise

she, it


asat

/ˈasˠt̪ˠəd̪ˠ/

Ní fhuaireamar freagra asat.


eisean

he, him, it


muidne

we, us

(Connacht, Ulster) emphatic form of muid


siadsan

/ˈʃiəd̪ˠsənˠ/

they


roimpi

From Middle Irish rempe, roimpe, replacing earlier remi, romi, from Old Irish remi.

third-person singular feminine of roimh: before her/it


faram

first-person singular of fara (“along with, beside; in addition to; as good as”)


damhsa

damhsa (mutation mutation-radical)
dhamhsa (lenition mutation)
ndamhsa (eclipsis mutation)

emphatic form of damh: alternative form of domsa


'am

Galway form of agam: first-person singular of ag


cad é

head

followed by the direct relative particle <i class="Latn mention" lang="ga">a</i> in a clause with a finite verb

cad é (followed by the direct relative particle a in a clause with a finite verb)

ga-pron

From early modern caidhe, from Old Irish cote (“what is the nature of? of what kind is?”). Compare Scottish Gaelic dè, gu dè.

Cad é an t-am é?

Cad é a fuair tú?


siúd

→ Yola: shud

Siúd é an t-oileán.


liomsa

Is liomsa an ceann sin.


uatha

uathasan (emphatic)
uatha (mutation mutation-radical)
n-uatha (eclipsis mutation)
huatha (mutation prothesis-h)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

Superseded spelling of uathu (“from them”).


léise

third-person singular feminine emphatic of le


cibé

Contracted from cé b’é (literally “who/what it may be”)

cibé atá ann

Óir cibé arb áil leis a anam a shaoradh, caillfidh sé é; ach cibé a chaillfidh a anam mar gheall ormsa, gheobhaidh sé é.

For whosoever would save his life shall lose it: and whosoever shall lose his life for my sake shall find it.

cibé is brí don mhagadh seo


an té

From Old Irish intí; synchronically analyzable as an (“the”) + t- (marker of t-prothesis) + é (“him”).

an té ḃraṫas is é ṁarḃas
he who betrays slays (saying)
an Té is feárr
the Best, God

1927, Patrick S. Dinneen, Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, Irish Texts Society, p. 1184


cé mhéad

head

cé mhéad (+ genitive, followed by direct relative)

Contracted from cad é a mhéad (“what is its amount”).

Cé mhéad atá air sin?

cé mhéad aráin

Cé mhéad capall agat?


aon duine

aon duine (mutation mutation-radical)
n-aon duine (eclipsis mutation)
haon duine (mutation prothesis-h)

/eːn̪ˠˈd̪ˠɪnʲə/

/eːˈn̪ˠɪnʲə/

anyone (in questions and negative sentences)


eatarthu

/ˈɑt̪ˠɾˠəpˠ/

/ˈɑt̪ˠɾˠəbˠ/

/ˈat̪ˠɾˠəbˠ/


eadrainn

/ˈad̪ˠɾˠən̠ʲ/

/ˈat̪ˠɾˠən̠ʲ/


uirthi

third-person singular feminine of ar: on her, on it f


tríd

Lig an t-uisce tríd.


aicise

third-person feminine singular emphatic of ag


aigesean

third-person singular masculine emphatic of ag


agatsa

/əˈɡɑt̪ˠsˠə/

/ˈɑɡət̪ˠsˠə/

second-person singular emphatic of ag: at you sg


orainne

first-person plural emphatic of ar: on us


uirthise

third-person singular feminine emphatic of ar: on her, on it f


oraibhse

second-person plural emphatic of ar: on you pl


airsean

third-person singular masculine emphatic of ar: on him, on it m


orthusan

/ˈɔɾˠəpˠsˠən/

/ˈɞɾˠəpˠsˠən/

third-person plural emphatic of ar: on them


as-san

third-person singular masculine emphatic of as: out of him, out of it m


astusan

/ˈɑsˠt̪ˠəpˠsˠən/

third-person plural emphatic of as: out of them


asatsa

/ˈɑsˠət̪ˠsˠə/

second-person singular emphatic of as: out of you sg


chuici

third-person singular feminine of chuig: toward her, toward it f


aistise

third-person singular feminine emphatic of as: out of her, out of it f


chucu

third-person plural of chuig: toward them


chugat

second-person singular of chuig: toward you (singular)


dúinne

/ˈd̪ˠuːn̠ʲə/


dósan

/ˈd̪ˠoːsˠənˠ/

third-person singular masculine emphatic of do


díotsa

/ˈdʲiːt̪ˠsˠə/


díomsa

/ˈdʲiːmˠsˠə/


faoisean

third-person singular masculine emphatic of faoi


fúmsa

/ˈfˠuːmˠsˠə/


fútsa

/ˈfˠuːt̪ˠsˠə/


eadram

(obsolete) first-person singular of idir


eadrat

(obsolete) second-person singular of idir


eadratsa

(obsolete) second-person singular emphatic of idir


ionamsa

/ˈɪn̪ˠəmˠsˠə/

/ˈæn̪ˠəmˠsˠə/

first-person singular emphatic of i: in me


intise

third-person singular feminine emphatic of i


iontu

/ˈuːn̪ˠt̪ˠə/


eadramsa

(obsolete) first-person singular emphatic of idir


eadraibhse

/ˈaːt̪ˠɾˠiːʃə/


domsa

/ˈd̪ˠɔmˠsˠə/


eadrainne

/ˈaːt̪ˠɾˠən̠ʲə/


eatarthusan

/ˈaːt̪ˠɾˠəbˠsˠənˠ/


fúithise

third-person singular feminine emphatic of faoi


ionaibh

From Old Irish indib. Cognates include Scottish Gaelic annaibh, Manx ayndiu, more distantly Welsh ynddoch.


ionsuirthi

third-person singular feminine of ionsar


ionsormsa

first-person singular emphatic of ionsar


ionsortsa

second-person singular emphatic of ionsar


ionsairsean

third-person singular masculine emphatic of ionsar


ionsuirthise

third-person singular feminine emphatic of ionsar


ionsair

third-person singular masculine of ionsar


ionsorm

/ˈʌn̪ˠsˠɔɾˠəmˠ/

/ˈɪn̠ʲʃɔɾˠəmˠ/


ionsort

/ˈʌn̪ˠsˠɔɾˠt̪ˠ/

/ˈɪn̠ʲʃɔɾˠt̪ˠ/


leis-sean

third-person singular masculine emphatic of le


leosan

/ˈlʲoːsˠənˠ/

/ˈlʲoːpˠsˠənˠ/


roimpise

third-person singular feminine emphatic of roimh


uaidhsean

third-person singular masculine emphatic of ó


dóibhsean

/ˈd̪ˠoːpˠsˠən/


romhatsa

/ˈɾˠuːt̪ˠsˠə/

second-person singular emphatic of roimh


roimhesean

third-person singular masculine emphatic of roimh


uaithise

third-person singular feminine emphatic of ó


thairis-sean

third-person singular masculine emphatic of thar


thairstise

third-person singular feminine emphatic of thar


uimesean

third-person singular masculine emphatic of um


tríthise

third-person singular feminine emphatic of trí


trídsean

third-person singular masculine emphatic of trí


uimpise

third-person singular feminine emphatic of um


faraese

third-person singular feminine emphatic of fara


ibh

ibh (emphatic form ibhse, conjunctive and disjunctive)

ibhse (emphatic)
ibh (mutation mutation-radical)
n-ibh (eclipsis mutation)
hibh (mutation prothesis-h)


fairis-sean

third-person singular masculine emphatic of fara


ionam

ionamsa (emphatic)
ionam (mutation mutation-radical)
n-ionam (eclipsis mutation)
hionam (mutation prothesis-h)

/ˈʊn̪ˠt̪ˠəmˠ/

/ˈiːn̪ˠt̪ˠəmˠ/


tríothu

/ˈfʲɾʲiːfˠə/


uathasan

Superseded spelling of uathusan: third-person plural emphatic of ó


léithi

Alternative form of léi: third-person singular feminine of le


leob

Galway form of leo: third-person plural of le


chugatsa

/ˈhɞɡət̪ˠsˠə/

second-person singular emphatic of chuig and chun


chuicise

third-person singular feminine emphatic of chuig


chuigesean

third-person singular masculine emphatic of chuig


chucusan

third-person plural emphatic of chuig: toward them


dhíotsa

/ˈjiːt̪ˠsˠə/


dhesean

third-person singular masculine emphatic of de


dhósan

third-person singular masculine emphatic of do


dhóibhsean

/ˈɣoːpˠsˠən/


dhaoibh

Alternative form of daoibh (both etymologies)


ortha

orthasan (emphatic)
ortha (mutation mutation-radical)
n-ortha (eclipsis mutation)
hortha (mutation prothesis-h)


seod

seod (mutation mutation-radical)
sheod (lenition mutation)
tseod (lenition mutation)

Seod é lón na mbláthanna, nach é?

Cois Fharraige form of seo (used before é, í, iad)


aoinne

aoinne (mutation mutation-radical)
n-aoinne (eclipsis mutation)
haoinne (mutation prothesis-h)

Ní raibh aoinne cloinne age n-a muinntir ach í agus do mhéaduigh sin uirrim agus grádh na ndaoine don inghean óg so.

1939, Peig Sayers, “Inghean an Cheannaidhe”, in Marie-Louise Sjoestedt, Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études; 270) (overall work in French), Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, page 193:

Her parents had no children (lit. “no one of children”) but her, and that increased the esteem and love of the people for this young girl.

Alternative form of aon duine (“anyone; no one”)


ceachtar

ceachtar (mutation mutation-radical)
cheachtar (lenition mutation)
gceachtar (eclipsis mutation)

/ˈcaxt̪ˠəɾˠ/

Is féidir le ceachtar againn dul.

Ní raibh a fhios ag ceachtar den dá bhuachaill.

either (+ ag or de (“of”)), (with negative verb) neither


aoinneach

aoinneach (mutation mutation-radical)
n-aoinneach (eclipsis mutation)
haoinneach (mutation prothesis-h)

Alternative form of aon neach (“anyone”)


roimis

Munster form of roimhe: before him, before it m


aon neach

aon neach (mutation mutation-radical)
n-aon neach (eclipsis mutation)
haon neach (mutation prothesis-h)


éinne

éinne (mutation mutation-radical)
n-éinne (eclipsis mutation)
héinne (mutation prothesis-h)


fríd

frídsean (emphatic)
fríd (mutation mutation-radical)
fhríd (lenition mutation)
bhfríd (eclipsis mutation)

From a conflation of fri and trí, of which the form before the definite article is tríd.

third-person singular masculine of fríd (“through”)


agam-sa

Superseded spelling of agamsa (“at me”): first-person singular emphatic of ag


ionnta

Superseded spelling of iontu (third-person plural form of i (“in”)).


le n-a chois

le n-a chois (emphatic le n-a chois-sean)


lena chois

third-person singular masculine of le cois


fróm

Alternative form of faram (“along with me, beside me; in addition to me; as good as me”)


thart

Alternative form of tharat: second-person singular of thar


'ar leis

’ar leis (canonical)
’ar leis-sean (emphatic)

’Ar leis féin annsin “dá mbeidhinn ar ais ag an rígh anois, thiucfadh liom sgéalta iongantacha innsint dó, ⁊ gheobhainn airgiod uadh;” ⁊ mar sin de d’fhill sé ar ais ionns’ ar an rígh, agus fuair sé ’na shuidhe ins an gharrdha é.

1894 March 5, Peadar Mac Fionnlaoigh, “An rí nach robh le fagháil bháis”, in Irisleabhar na Gaedhilge, volume 1:5, Dublin: Gaelic Union, pages 185–88:

He then thought to himself [lit., ‘It seemed to him’]: "If I were back now again with the king, I could tell him wonderful stories, and I'd get money from him"; and so returned to the king, and found him sitting in the garden.

(colloquial or dialectal) Alternative form of dar leis


dar leis

third-person singular masculine of dar le


chughamsa

Munster form of chugamsa: first-person singular emphatic of chuig and chun


chugham

Munster form of chugam: first-person singular of chuig and chun


lena cois

/ˌlʲɛn̪ˠəˈkɞʃ/

third-person singular feminine of le cois


os a chomhair

os a chomhair (emphatic os a chomhairsean)

third-person singular masculine of os comhair


maidir liomsa

/ˌmˠɑdʲəɾʲ ˈlʲɯmˠsˠə/

first-person singular emphatic of maidir le


de m'ainneoin

de m’ainneoin (emphatic de m'ainneoinse)

de m’ ainneoin (canonical)
de m'ainneoinse (emphatic)

/d̪ˠəməˈnʲuːnʲ/


inár gcoinne

/ən̪ˠɑːɾˠ ˈɡɪnʲə/

/ən̪ˠɑːɾˠ ˈɡɪn̠ʲə/

/ən̪ˠaːɾˠ ˈɡɪn̠ʲə/


gach aon duine

gach aon duine (mutation mutation-radical)
ghach aon duine (lenition mutation)
ngach aon duine (eclipsis mutation)

/ɡax eːn̪ˠˈd̪ˠɪnʲə/

/ɡaˈheːn̠ʲə/

/ɡaˈxeːn̠ʲə/


i mo dhiaidh

first-person singular of i ndiaidh: after me


ina diaidh

third-person singular feminine of i ndiaidh: after her/it f


ina dhiaidh

third-person singular masculine of i ndiaidh: after him/it m


ina ndiaidh

third-person plural of i ndiaidh: after them


i do dhiaidh

second-person singular of i ndiaidh: after you sg


in bhur ndiaidh

in bhur ndiaidh (emphatic in bhur ndiaidhse)

/nə(ɾˠ)ˈn̠ʲiə/

second-person plural of i ndiaidh: after you pl


inár ndiaidh

/nə(ɾˠ)ˈn̠ʲiə/

first-person plural of i ndiaidh: after us


i m'ainneoin

i m’ainneoin (canonical)
i m'ainneoinse (emphatic)

/əmˠəˈnʲoːnʲ/

[əmˠəˈnʲõːi̯nʲ]

/əˈmˠan̠ʲoːnʲ/

/əˈmˠæn̠ʲænʲ/


araile

araile (mutation mutation-radical)
n-araile (eclipsis mutation)
haraile (mutation prothesis-h)

From Old Irish arale, alaile, from Proto-Celtic *aralyos (“other”) (compare Middle Welsh arall), a dissimilated reduplication of *alyos (“other”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos.


cá mhéad

cá mhéad (+ genitive, followed by direct relative)

/kɑːˈvʲeːd̪ˠ/

Contracted from cá a mhéad (“what is its amount”).

Synonym of cé mhéad (“how much, how many”)


puinn

puinn (mutation mutation-radical)
phuinn (lenition mutation)
bpuinn (eclipsis mutation)

Alternative form (and former spelling) of poinn (“profit, avail”), from Latin pondus.

Níl puinn céille aige.
He hasn’t much sense.

An bhfuil puinn airgid agat?

(chiefly in the negative) a bit, much/many (followed by the genitive)

chómh gasta le puinn den dáimh

céadar ar cuireadh puinn san áirc de

the cedar of which much of the Ark was made

(literary, poetic) much, many (in positive affirmative sentences)


aonduine

aonduine (mutation mutation-radical)
n-aonduine (eclipsis mutation)
haonduine (mutation prothesis-h)


leofa

Ulster form of leo (third-person plural of le): with them, to them


seobh

Seobh í Síle is sin é Páidín.

Cois Fharraige form of seo (at the start of a sentence before é, í, iad)


gach uile dhuine

/ɡa ˌxɪlʲə ˈɣɪnʲə/

/ˌxɪlʲə ˈɣɪnʲə/

/ɡa ˌfˠɛlʲə ˈɣɪnʲə/

/ɡax ˌfˠɛlʲə ˈɣɪnʲə/