is

Dia is Muire duit.

Hello to you, too. (lit. God and Mary to you.)

wil nə fatī xō mŭȧ, s dūŕc šē?

1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 1:

ə ʒēĺǵə, l̄aurīr ə gūǵə mūn, ńī h-ønn̥̄ ī s ə ʒēlgə š agń̥ə

The Irish used in Munster isn’t the same as our Irish.


go

From Old Irish co, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”). Cognate with German ge- (“with”) (collective prefix) and gegen (“toward, against”), English gain-, Spanish con (“with”), Russian ко (ko, “to”).

inh

Deir sé go bhfuil deifir air.

that (used to introduce a subordinate clause)

Go gcuidí Dia leo.

Go maire tú é!

Go raibh maith agat.

Thank you. (literally, “May you have good.”)

used to introduce a subjunctive hortative

Fan go dtiocfaidh sé.


ach

From Old Irish acht (“but, except”), from Proto-Celtic *extos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.


nach

From Old Irish nach, from Proto-Celtic *nekʷe, a combination of Proto-Indo-European *ne (negative particle) and *-kʷe (“and”); compare Latin neque.

der

Dúirt sé nach raibh carr aige.

that...not (introduces a negative subordinate clause; the negation of go).


más

before é, ea, í, iad and their emphatic equivalents

Univerbation of má (“if”) + is (“is”); compare Old Irish masu.

Más fíor é sin, tá mé sásta.

más é do thoil é


mar

Fan mar atá tú.


agus

From Old Irish ocus (“and”) (originally “proximity”), from Proto-Celtic *adgostus (“near”).

arán agus im

hug šē klox wōr, agəs xȧ šē leš ə wińōg ī.

He took a big stone and he threw it at the window.

Bhreathnaigh sí ar an teilifís agus é ina chodladh.

She watched television while he slept. (or) She watched television although he was asleep.

while; although (introduces a small clause)

chomh geal agus sneachta

a oiread agus ba mhian leis

fad agus atá tú ann

ionann agus


ó

From Old Irish ó, úa, from Proto-Celtic *au, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away”).

ó chuala mé an scéala

bliain ó rugadh é

ó bhaintear an féar go bhfuil sé tirim

from the time the hay is cut until it is dry

ó bhrisfear é

ó tá mé liom féin


sula

From Old Irish sul (“before”) and the relative particle a. sul is a fused form of the conjunction Old Irish resíu (“before”) and Old Irish ro- (verbal prefix).

Téigh sula ndéanfaidh mé é.

Sula ndearna mé é, tháinig mé amach.

sular

used with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs


mara

mara (mutation mutation-radical)
mhara (lenition mutation)

Cois Fharraige form of mura (“if... not, unless”)


mura

mura mbainfidh taisme dó

Mura gceannaíonn siad anseo é, faigheann siad sa bhaile é.

If they don’t buy it here, they get it in town.

Mura raibh tú sásta leis, cad chuige ar ghlac tú é?

If you weren’t satisfied with it, why did you accept it?

Mura dtéinn leis, maraítí é

If I hadn’t gone with him, he would have been killed


ná

head

ná (triggers h-prothesis, used with the dependent form of an irregular verb if there is one)

From Old Irish ná (“don't”, prohibitive particle).

inh

Dúirt sé ná raibh carr aige.

(Munster) Alternative form of nach (“that...not”)


ná

Níl deartháir ná deirfiúr agam.

Ní fhaca sí solas ná solas.

(literally, “She didn’t see light or light).”)

used between two identical or similar words to intensify a negative


ná

Is airde Máire ná Peadar.

Cé a bhí ina shuí ann ná m’athair féin?

Who was sitting there but my own father?

but (used rhetorically in direct and indirect questions)

Is é a dúirt sé ná gur dhíol sé a ríomhaire lena chara.

What he said was that he sold his computer to his friend.

Bhí fear ann fad ó agus isé ainim a bhí air ’ná Séadna.

1907, Peadar Ua Laoghaire, Séadna, page 6:

Once upon a time there was a man and the name that he had was Séadna.

used to connect a predicate noun to its subject in a cleft sentence introduced by a copular form


dá

From Old Irish dïa (“if, when”). Cognate with Scottish Gaelic nan (“if, whether”).

Dá gcuirfeann sé fearthainne anois, d’osclófainn mo scáth fearthainne.

If it were raining now, I would open my umbrella.

Dá dtéiteá ar an aonach, b’fhéidir leat gamhain a dhíol.

If you had gone to the market, you could have sold a calf.

lá dá raibh sé ann


má

From Old Irish má, from Proto-Celtic *mā, *ma (compare Cornish and Breton ma, mar), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂.

Má chreideann sé an scéal sin tá sé saonta go maith.

If he believes that story, he’s pretty gullible.

Nuair a fuair sé bás, má bhí Máire brónach bhí sí sásta d’fhonn is go mbeadh an captaen óg le pósadh aici.

1939, Peig Sayers, “Inghean an Cheannaidhe”, in Marie-Louise Sjoestedt, Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études; 270) (overall work in French), Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, page 193:

When he died, even though Máire was sad, she was satisfied in the hope that the young captain would marry her.


nó

From Old Irish nó, nú, from Proto-Celtic *nowe (compare Welsh neu and Old Breton nou).


trá

From Old Irish trá (“then, therefore, so, indeed”).


ós

Ós breá an lá inniu, táimid ag dul go dtí an trá.

Since it’s a fine day today, we’re going to the beach.

ós eisean a rinne é


murar

except of past autonomous forms (triggers-lenition)

murar chaill sé é, faigheann

murar cailleadh iad


gur

Dúirt sé gur chuala sé na héin.

that (used to introduce a subordinate clause beginning with a verb in the past tense, with the exception of some irregular verbs)


nár

head

nár (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms)

Dúirt sé nár chuir sé an gloine ar an tábla.

He said that he didn’t put the glass on the table.

Tá súil agam nár cailleadh é.

that... not (used to introduce a negated subordinate clause with a past tense verb, except for some irregular verbs)

nach

used with nonpast tenses and with some irregular verbs even in the past


nuair

nuair (with direct relative form of verb)

Nuair a thiocfas an bás ní imeoidh sé folamh. (proverb)

Nuair d’fhás an gasúr suas, chuir a mháthair ar scoil é, ⁊ bhíodh sí ag tabhairt airgid dó, gan fhios do’n rígh, le leabhairidhe ⁊ neithe cheannach dó.

1894 March 5, Peadar Mac Fionnlaoigh, “An rí nach robh le fagháil bháis”, in Irisleabhar na Gaedhilge, volume 1:5, Dublin: Gaelic Union, pages 185–88:

When the lad grew up, his mother sent him to school, and she used to give him money unknown to the king, to buy books, &c.


dóigh

dóigh (mutation mutation-radical)
dhóigh (lenition mutation)
ndóigh (eclipsis mutation)

From Old Irish dáig (“for, since, because”)


óir

From Middle Irish ór, from Old Irish hóre.


sular

sular chaill sé é

sular cailleadh iad

sula

used before the other tenses and before the past tense of some irregular verbs; present copular form used before a consonant


go dtí go

go dtí go (negative go dtí nach, past go dtí gur, past negative go dtí nár)

go dtí nach (negative)
go dtí gur (past)
go dtí nár (negative past)

[ɡə ˈdʲiː ɡə]

Fan anseo go dtí go dtiocfaidh Seán.
Wait here until Seán comes.


i riocht is go

i riocht is go mb'éigean é a choinneáil istigh

so that it became necessary to keep him inside

1985, Quartly Bulletin of the Central Bank of Ireland, page iii

Services to their members are so much more important to the cooperatives than profit that dividends on fixed equity capital are reined in.

Is mó leis na comhair seirbhísí dá mbaill ná brabús sa riocht is go gcuirtear srian leis na dibhinní ar bhuanchaipiteal cothromais.


toisc gur

toisc gur (used in a clause beginning with a verb in the past tense, with the exception of some irregular verbs)

toisc go

for nonpast tenses and for some irregular verbs even in past tenses


gach uair dá

gach uair (“every time”) + de (“of”) + a

compound

Gach uair dá bhfaca mé é, ní raibh sé ag obair.

Every time that I saw him, he wasn't working.


mar gheall ar go

head

mar gheall ar go (used before affirmative clauses in a nonpast tense or, with certain irregular verbs, the past tense)

[mˠaɾˠ jaul̪ˠ ɛrʲ ɡɔ]

[mˠaɾˠ jɑːl̪ˠ ɛrʲ ɡɔ]

[mˠaɾˠ jal̪ˠ ɛrʲ ɡə]

mar gheall ar gur

used before affirmative clauses in the past tense, except with certain irregular verbs

mar gheall ar nach

used before negative clauses in a nonpast tense or, with certain irregular verbs, the past tense

mar gheall ar nár

used before negative clauses in the past tense, except with certain irregular verbs


cé go

cé go (used before positive clauses starting with a nonpast tense or, for certain irregular verbs, the past tense)

Cé go raibh siad bocht bhí siad fial.

Even though they were poor they were generous.

cé nár

used before a negative clause in the past tense


cé nach

cé nach (used before negative clauses starting with a nonpast tense or, for certain irregular verbs, the past tense)

Is cás liom í cé nach bhfuil aithne agam uirthi.

I feel sorry for her although I don’t know her.

although... not, though... not, even though... not

cé go

used before a positive clause in the present tense

cé gur

used before a positive clause in the past tense


móide

a deich móide a dó

plus (sum of the previous one and the following one)


gí go

gí go (used before positive clauses starting with a nonpast tense or, for certain irregular verbs, the past tense)

thug mé liom iad ar aon chaoi, gí go rabh mo dhóthain agam dhá [bhf]uireasbhaidh

1977, Tomás de Bhaldraithe, Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge, 2nd edition, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath, page 189:

I took them with me at any rate, even though I had enough without them.

(Cois Fharraige) although, though, even though


gí nar

gí nar (used before negative clauses starting with the past tense)

/ˈɟiː n̪ˠaɾˠ/

gí nar rinne sé mórán bantáiste ar bith dhó ar bhealach, mar sin féin ní raibh sé briste ann

Although he didn’t make much profit from it in a way, nevertheless he didn’t lose by it.

(Cois Fharraige) although... not, though... not, even though... not

gí nach

used before a negative clause in the present tense


mar go

mar go (used before non-past tenses and the past tense of certain irregular verbs)

mar nach

because... not; used before non-past tenses


chomh luath is

/xəˈl̪ˠuəsˠ/


sol má

/ˈsˠɔlˠmˠɑː/


chúns

‘an mbeidh páí ar bith ag Pádraig chúns a bheas sé ag foghlaim teangacha?’

1988, Mícheál Ó Siadhail, Learning Irish, Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 75:

‘will Pádraig have any pay while he’s learning languages?’


chomh fada is

chomh fada is atá ar mo chumas


murach

murach an bháisteach

murach eisean

murach go n-aithním iad

Bheinn réidh murach thusa.


sa gcaoi go

sa gcaoi go (historic tenses sa gcaoi gur, negative sa gcaoi nach, negative with historic tenses sa gcaoi nár)

tenses sa gcaoi gur (historic)
sa gcaoi nach (negative)
with historic tenses sa gcaoi nár (negative)

/sə ˈɡiː ɡə/


sa chaoi go

sa chaoi go (historic tenses sa chaoi gur, negative sa chaoi nach, negative with historic tenses sa chaoi nár)

tenses sa chaoi gur (historic)
sa chaoi nach (negative)
with historic tenses sa chaoi nár (negative)


d'fhonn is go

/ˈd̪ˠəun̪ˠ ɪsˠ ɡɔ/

When he died, even though Máire was sad, she was satisfied in the hope that the young captain would marry her.


má's

Superseded spelling of más (“if... is”).


gidh go

Níor shiubhal sé i bhfad go bhfacaidh sé páirc mhór ⁊ mórán eallaigh innti, ⁊ thug sé fa deara go robh na heallaigh lom, bocht, gan feoil, gidh go robh an féar suas go dtí na hadharca orra.

He proceeded not far when he saw a large field and many cattle in it, and he remarked that they were poor, lean, and fleshless, although the grass reached to their horns.


gidh nach

Nuair a chuaidh sé giobhta eile, chonnaic sé cuibhreann talmhan ⁊ scota mór caorach ann, ⁊ bhí siad ramhar, feolmhar, beathaiste, gidh nach robh an féar acht go han-lom.

When he went a little farther, he saw a piece of ground with a flock of sheep in it, and they were fat, fleshy, and in prime condition, though the grass was only very bare.


ar eagla go

Bhí sé pósta ar sheisear ban i ndiaidh a chéile, acht do mharbhuigh sé alig an tsaoghal iad, ar eagla go mbeidheadh páistídhe ar bith aca.

He was married to six wives, one after another, but he killed all-in-the-world of them for fear they should have any children at all.


ar mhodh go

Nuair do chuir an bhuachaill a chos ar an phlainc, le dul tar an pholl, lúb sí síos san uisge, ar mhodh go robh an t‑ógánach ar tí bheith báithte, gur rinne sé é féin do choisreagadh, ⁊ ar an móimid d’éirigh an phlainc cómh daingean le Gaigeán, ⁊ léim an mada dubh síos ’san pholl as a bhealach.

When the boy put his foot on the plank to cross the pool, it bent down into the water, so that the youth was on the point of being drowned, till he crossed himself; and in a moment it became as firm as Gaigean, and the black dog jumped down into the pool out of his way.


ar eagla nach

D’innis an gasúr dó fá’n gharrdha plúr do chonnaic sé, “agus,” ar seision, “ar eagla nach gcreidfidhe mé, bhain mé ceann de na plúir, ⁊ thug liom é ⁊ sin chugat é.”

The youth told him about the garden of flowers, which he saw, "and," says he, "lest you might not believe me, I plucked one and brought it with me, and here it is."


go dtí gur

/ɡə ˈdʲiː ɡəɾˠ/

D’fhan mé ansin go dtí gur tháinig Seán.
I waited there until Seán came.


nó go dtí go

/n̪ˠuː ɡə ˈdʲiː ɡə/

(Munster) Synonym of go dtí go (“until”)


nó go dtí gur

/ˌn̪ˠuː ɡə ˈdʲiː ɡəɾˠ/


céin

céin (mutation mutation-radical)
chéin (lenition mutation)
gcéin (eclipsis mutation)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

céin a bhí sé i mbeatha


de bhrí go

/dʲəˈvʲɾʲiː ɡə/

/ɡəˈvʲɾʲiː ɡə/


ar scáth a

/ɛɾʲˈsˠkɑːh ə/

/ɛɾʲˈsˠkɑː(ə)/

/ɛɾʲˈsˠkaː(ə)/

ar scáth ar miste liom; ar scáth ar chuma liom

ar scáth a bhfuil de mhaith ann

ar scáth a raibh a fhios aici

ɛr skα: ə wïlʹ ə ji:ç erʹ

1906, E. C. Quiggin, A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 70:


cé nár

head

cé nár (used before negative clauses in the past tense)

cé nár tháinig mé


cé gur

cé gur (used before positive clauses in the past tense)

cé gur tháinig mé


ionas go

ionas go (historic tenses ionas gur, negative ionas nach, negative with historic tenses ionas nár)

tenses ionas gur (historic)
ionas nach (negative)
with historic tenses ionas nár (negative)


an tan

From Middle Irish in tan, from Old Irish in tan (literally “the time”)