so

Ní raibh aoinne cloinne age n-a muinntir ach í agus do mhéaduigh sin uirrim agus grádh na ndaoine don inghean óg so.

1939, Peig Sayers, “Inghean an Cheannaidhe”, in Marie-Louise Sjoestedt, Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études; 270) (overall work in French), Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, page 193:

Her parents had no children but her, and that increased the esteem and love of the people for this young girl.

Munster form of seo (used after a word ending in a velarized ("broad") consonant)


do

dom (first-person singular)
domsa (emphatic first-person singular)
duit (second-person singular)
duitse (emphatic second-person singular)
dó (masculine singular third-person)
dósan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
di (feminine singular third-person)
dise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
dúinn (first-person plural)
dúinne (emphatic first-person plural)
daoibh (plural second-person)
daoibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
dóibh (plural third-person)
dóibhsean (emphatic plural third-person)
d’ (alternative)

“to, up to, until”) have largely become conflated in this dialect

From Old Irish do, from Proto-Celtic *do (“to, for”).

Tá sé do mo ghortú.

Bhí sé do d’fhiafraí.

Bhí sibh do bhur gcloí.

used with the possessive determiners mo, do, bhur to indicate the direct object of a verbal noun, in place of ag after a form of bí in the progressive aspect


san

From Middle Irish (i)sind, (i)sin, from Old Irish isin(d/t) (“in the m or f or n sg dative”), isin (“into the m or f sg accusative”), isa (“into the n sg accusative”), from Proto-Celtic *in sindū/sindai (“in the m sg/f sg dative”), *in sindom/sindam (“into the m sg/f sg accusative”).

inh

preposition i + definite article an: in the (singular)


d'

Used before vowel sounds (including when f has been lenited to fh before a vowel) and also before fr- lenited to fhr-. The variant form used before consonants, do, is generally omitted but may be encountered in Munster Irish and in literary language.


t'

before a word starting with a, o, u, fha, fho, or fhu

before a word starting with e, i, fhe, or fhi

(Cois Fharraige) alternative form of d’ (“your (singular)”)


úr

úra (genitive singular)
úr (indefinite nominative singular)
a úr (indefinite singular vocative)
úra (genitive indefinite singular)
úr (dative indefinite singular)
an t-úr (definite nominative singular)
an úra (definite genitive singular)
leis an úr (dative definite singular)
don úr (dative definite singular)

Derived from Etymology 1 ("fresh") with a change of declension.


a

From Old Irish a, from Proto-Celtic *esyo (the final vowel triggering lenition), feminine Proto-Celtic *esyās (the final -s triggering h-prothesis), plural Proto-Celtic *ēsom (the final nasal triggering eclipsis), all from the genitive forms of Proto-Indo-European *éy. Cognate with Welsh ei.


mo

From Old Irish mo, mu; see there for more.

Tá sé ag mo bhualadh

me (direct object pronoun before verbal noun)


ár

From Old Irish ar, from Proto-Celtic *anserom, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥serōm, from *nos (“we, us”); compare German unser.

ár dteach

Ár nAthair


aon

head

aon m (genitive singular aoin, nominative plural aonta)

aoin (genitive singular)
aonta (nominative plural)
aon (indefinite nominative singular)
aonta (indefinite nominative plural)
a aoin (indefinite singular vocative)
a aonta (indefinite plural vocative)
aoin (genitive indefinite singular)
aonta (genitive indefinite plural)
aon (dative indefinite singular)
aonta (dative indefinite plural)
an t-aon (definite nominative singular)
na haonta (definite nominative plural)
an aoin (definite genitive singular)
na n-aonta (definite genitive plural)
leis an aon (dative definite singular)
don aon (dative definite singular)
leis na haonta (dative definite plural)

From Old Irish óen, from Proto-Celtic *oinos (compare Welsh un), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (compare Latin ūnus, Old English ān).


seo

so (alternative Munster)
seod (alternative Cois-Fharraige)
seobh (alternative Cois-Fharraige)

Cuir é seo.

Seo isteach leat.


cén

cé na (plural)
of a following feminine noun (triggers-lenition)
cia an (alternative)

Cén lá den tseachtain é?

Cén bhean í sin?


cá

Cá bhfuil tú?

Cá ndeachaigh sé?

cár

used with the past tense and in copular constructions before a consonant

cárbh

used in copular constructions before a vowel


pé

Pé áit no pé tír go mbeidh stuidéir air, tair chugham-sa le scéala agus is maith é do luach saothair.

1939, Peig Sayers, “Inghean an Cheannaidhe”, in Marie-Louise Sjoestedt, Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études; 270) (overall work in French), Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, page 196:

Whatever place or whatever country he stays in, come to me with the news and your remuneration will be good.

synonym of cibé (“whichever, whatever, what”)


gach

From Middle Irish gach, from Old Irish cach, proclitic form of cách, from Proto-Celtic *kʷākʷos (compare Welsh pob).

Seachtmhain roimhe Shamhain chuaidh an Seónstanach siar ⁊ seacht ngearráin ⁊ péire cliabh air ghach gearrán fá choinne a chuid ime.

1906, E. C. Quiggin, “Áindrías an Ime”, in A Dialect of Donegal: Being the Speech of Meenawannia in the Parish of Glenties, page 196:

A week before Samhain, Johnstone went back with seven geldings and a pair of panniers on each gelding for his butter.


bhur

bhar (alternative)
úr (alternative)
mur (alternative Ulster)
nbhur (alternative dialectal)
’ur (alternative Connacht Munster)

bhur dteach

bhur n-athair


uile

an uile (canonical feminine)
uileag (alternative Connacht Ulster)
uilig (alternative Connacht Ulster)
eile (alternative)

From Old Irish uile, from Proto-Celtic *olyos (“all, whole, every”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂olyos.


úd

head

úd m (genitive singular úid, nominative plural úid)

úid (genitive singular)
úid (nominative plural)
úd (indefinite nominative singular)
úid (indefinite nominative plural)
a úid (indefinite singular vocative)
a úda (indefinite plural vocative)
úid (genitive indefinite singular)
úd (genitive indefinite plural)
úd (dative indefinite singular)
úid (dative indefinite plural)
an t-úd (definite nominative singular)
na húid (definite nominative plural)
an úid (definite genitive singular)
na n-úd (definite genitive plural)
leis an úd (dative definite singular)
don úd (dative definite singular)
leis na húid (dative definite plural)

(card games, etc.) near completion, readiness


úd

ud (alternative)
udaí (alternative)
údaí (alternative)
údan (alternative)
adaí (alternative)

From Old Irish út, contracted from Old Irish ucut (“yonder”), which is probably identical with the prepositional pronoun ocut (“at you”).

an cnoc úd

(used with the definite article) yon, yonder; that...over there (with implication of distance in space or time)


ar bith

/ɛɾʲˈbʲɪ(h)/

An bhfuil airgead ar bith agat?

Níl páistí ar bith agam.

ə wān̄ tū n balə šin? ńī āĭm balə ŕ bi.

1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect], volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 43:

Do you get that smell? I don’t get any smell at all.

any…at all (used in negatives and questions)


diabhal

diabhal
dhiabhal
ndiabhal
deabhal (alternative Connacht)
diabhar (alternative)

/ˈdʲɨ̞wəl̪ˠ/

From Old Irish díabul, from Latin diabolus (“devil”), from Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos, “slanderer”).

der

diabhal focal

diabhal duine


gach uile

chuile (alternative)
’chuile (alternative)


éigin

/əˈciːn̠ʲtʲ/

From Old Irish éicin (“some, a certain”), in origin a dative form of éicen (see modern éigean).

eicín (alternative)
éicin (alternative)
éicineach (alternative)
eicint (alternative)
eicínt (alternative)
éicint (alternative)
éicinteach (alternative)
éicinteacht (alternative)
eighinteach (alternative)
éighinteach (alternative)
eighinteacht (alternative)
éighinteacht (alternative)
éigint (alternative)
éiginteach (alternative)
éinteach (alternative)
éinteacht (alternative)
innteach (alternative)
inteach (alternative)
inteacht (alternative)
ínteacht (alternative)

ar chuma éigin

duine éigin eile

rud éigin

some (a certain, unspecified or unknown)


inteacht

/ˈɪn̠ʲtʲəxt̪ˠ/

Shortened from éicinteacht, an extension of éicin, a variant of éigin.

Connacht and Ulster form of éigin (“some, a certain”)


ar chor ar bith

/ə ˌxɞɾˠ əˈbʲi/

An bhfuil airgead ar chor ar bith agat?

Níl páistí ar chor ar bith agam.

any at all (used in negatives and questions)


'ur

head

’ur (triggers eclipsis of the following word)

’ur (canonical)
of the following word (triggers-eclipsis)


eicínt

/əˈciːn̠ʲtʲ/

/əˈciːn̠ʲtʲʃ/


n-a

alternative form of a (“his, her, their”)


n-a

alternative form of a (relative particle)


achan

alternative form of gach aon (“each, every”)


éigint

/ˈeːɟɪn̠ʲtʲ/


in aon chor

[əˈn̪ˠeːxəɾˠ]

Aon tuairim in aon chor agat?

Ní dochtúir in aon chor é.


cé acu

From cé + acu, third-person plural inflected form of ag (“at; of”).

cioca (alternative)
ciaca (alternative)
ciacu (alternative)

Cé acu ceann is fearr?


gach dara

gach aon darna (alternative)
gacha le (alternative Connacht)


gach aon darna

/xeːn ˈd̪ˠɑːɾˠnə/

caiən̄ n̥ doxtūŕ eǵə x ēn dārnə l̄ā fiəxń̥c, ḱē mar tā šē cȧxt eǵə hēn.

1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect], volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 64:

The doctor visits him every other day to see how he is getting along.

alternative form of gach dara (“every second, every other”)


araile

From Old Irish arale, alaile, from Proto-Celtic *aralyos (“other”) (compare Middle Welsh arall), a dissimilated reduplication of *alyos (“other”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos.

aroile (alternative obsolete)
araill (alternative obsolete)
roile (alternative obsolete)


araile

araile
n-araile
haraile
aroile (alternative obsolete)
araill (alternative obsolete)
roile (alternative obsolete)


ínteacht

Ulster form of éigin (“some, a certain”)


gach re

From Classical Gaelic gach ré, from Middle Irish cach la, from Old Irish cach ala (“every other, every second”).

der

gach ’le (alternative obsolete)
gach ’re (alternative)

every other, every second, each alternate


s'agamsa

an teach s’agamsa

contraction of seo agamsa (literally “this…at me”): my (emphatic), of mine


s'agatsa

an teach s’agatsa

contraction of seo agatsa (literally “this…at you sg”): your sg (emphatic), of yours


s'aigesean

an teach s’aigeasean

contraction of seo aigesean (literally “this…at him”): his (emphatic), of his


s'aicise

an teach s’aicise

contraction of seo aicise (literally “this…at her”): her (emphatic), of hers


s'againne

an teach s’againne

contraction of seo againne (literally “this…at us”): our (emphatic), of ours


s'agaibhse

an teach s’agaibhse

contraction of seo agaibhse (literally “this…at you pl”): your pl (emphatic), of yours


s'acusan

an teach s’acusan

contraction of seo acusan (literally “this…at them”): their (emphatic), of theirs