as

Cas as an raidió.

Chuir mé an solas as.

off (in or into a state of non-operation or non-existence: of a machine, light, etc.)

Tá an tine as.

out (in or into a state of non-operation or non-existence: of a fire, etc.)


from

Alternative form of faram (“along with me, beside me; in addition to me; as good as me”)


sin

From Middle Irish sin, from Old Irish sin.

Sin é mo dheartháir.

Ó cad é sin don té sin nach mbaineann sin dó?

(Can we date this quote?), “Cad é sin don té sin [What is that to anyone]”:

Oh what is that to him whom that doesn't concern?


ar

head

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

except of past autonomous forms (triggers-lenition)

an chathaoir ar shuigh an gasúr air

an cailín ar ól a cat an bainne

an gort ar cuireadh an síol ann

a

used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs


ar

triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs

ga-pron

Sin ar chonnaic mé ann.

Ar thuig tú ar canadh?

Cheannaigh mé ar íoc tú as.

a

form used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs


ea

From Old Irish ed (“it”). Ultimately akin to English it, Latin id, etc.


sí

head

sí m (genitive singular sí, nominative plural síthe)

sí (genitive singular)
síthe (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
sí (indefinite singular)
síthe (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a shí (indefinite singular)
a shíthe (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an sí (definite singular)
na síthe (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an tsí (definite singular)
dative (definite)
leis an sí (definite singular)
don sí (definite singular)
leis na síthe (definite plural)

From Middle Irish side, from Old Irish síd, from Proto-Celtic *sīdos (“mound (inhabited by fairies); peace”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēds, from *sed- (“to sit”). Doublet of síth.


té

From Old Irish intí; synchronically analyzable as t- (marker of t-prothesis) + é (“him”).


cad

Clipping of cad é, from early modern caidhe (“what is?”) from Old Irish cote (“what is the nature of? of what kind is?”), due to analogy with copular phrases like is é, an é.

der

Cad as duit?


cé

head

cé (triggers h-prothesis of a following disjunctive pronoun é, í, iad; followed by a relative clause)

ga-pron

of a following disjunctive pronoun é (triggers-h-prothesis)
í (triggers-h-prothesis)
iad (triggers-h-prothesis)

From Old Irish cía, from Proto-Celtic *kʷei (from which also Welsh pwy), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis.

Cé hé?

Cé hí an bhean sin?

Cé a dhéanfaidh é?


tú

From Old Irish tú, from Proto-Celtic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.


mé

head

mé (emphatic form mise, conjunctive and disjunctive)

Tá mé anseo.

Feiceann sé mé.


muid

From the first-person plural present verb ending -mid reanalyzed as a subject pronoun.


sibh

sibh (emphatic form sibhse, conjunctive and disjunctive)

From Old Irish sib (compare Scottish Gaelic sibh, Manx shiu, from Proto-Celtic *swīswīs (compare Middle Welsh chwichwi), a reduplicated form of *swīs (“you, ye”) (see Old Irish síi), from Proto-Indo-European *wos.

Bhí sibh ansin.

Cloisim sibh.


siad

siad (emphatic form siadsan, conjunctive)


aige

aige (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

From Middle Irish occo, from Old Irish occo.


a

From Old Irish a (“that, which the relative particle used after prepositions”), reanalyzed as an independent indirect relative particle from forms like ar a (“on which, on whom”), dá (“to which, to whom”), or early modern le a (“with which, with whom”), agá (“at which, at whom”) when prepositional pronouns started to be repeated in such clauses (eg. don té agá mbíon cloidheamh (…) aige, daoine agá mbíonn grádh aco do Dhia). Compare the forms used in Munster instead: go (from agá (“at which”)) and na (from i n-a (“in which”), go n-a (“with which”), ria n-a (“before which”) and later lena (“with which”), tréna (“through which”)).

ar

used with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs

an bord a raibh leabhar air

an fear a bhfuil a mhac ag imeacht


a

Sin a bhfuil ann.

An bhfuair tú a raibh uait?

Íocfaidh mé as a gceannóidh tú.


á

head

á (triggers lenition in the masculine singular, h-prothesis in the feminine singular, and eclipsis in the plural)

ga-pron

in the masculine singular (triggers-lenition)

Táim á bhualadh.

Táim á ól.

I am drinking it (referring to a masculine noun, e.g. bainne (“milk”)).

Táim á bualadh.

Táim á hól.
I am drinking it (referring to a feminine noun, e.g. bláthach (“buttermilk”)).

Táim á mbualadh.

Táim á n-ól.

him, her, it, them (used before the verbal noun in the progressive to indicate a third person direct object)


í

From sí with loss of s- by analogy with é (“him”).


damh

head

damh m (genitive singular daimh, nominative plural daimh)

daimh (genitive singular)
daimh (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
damh (indefinite singular)
daimh (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a dhaimh (indefinite singular)
a dhamha (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
daimh (indefinite singular)
damh (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an damh (definite singular)
na daimh (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an daimh (definite singular)
na ndamh (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an damh (definite singular)
don damh (definite singular)
leis na daimh (definite plural)

From Old Irish dam (“ox, stag”), from Proto-Celtic *damos, from Proto-Indo-European *dm̥h₂-ó- (“bull”) (compare Albanian dem (“bullock”), Ancient Greek δάμαλος (dámalos, “calf”)), from *demh₂- (“to tame”) (compare Old Irish daimid (“to allow, give in”), Latin domō, English tame).

(figuratively) strong man, champion; corpulent person


é

From Old Irish é, from Proto-Indo-European *éy.


seo

Cuir é seo.

Seo isteach leat.


agad

Connacht and Ulster form of agat: second-person singular of ag


iad

From Middle Irish íat (“they, them”), from Old Irish é, ía (“they”) (plural of é (“he”)) with the addition of the 3rd person plural verb ending.
Cognate with Welsh hwy ~ hwynt, Breton i ~ int, with the same addition of the verb ending.


pé

Pé áit no pé tír go mbeidh stuidéir air, tair chugham-sa le scéala agus is maith é do luach saothair.

1939, Peig Sayers, “Inghean an Cheannaidhe”, in Marie-Louise Sjoestedt, Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études; 270) (overall work in French), Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, page 196:

Whatever place or whatever country he stays in, come to me with the news and your remuneration will be good.

Synonym of cibé (“whichever, whatever, what”)


féin

From Old Irish féin, from Proto-Celtic *swesin (from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“oneself”)) + *sin (anaphoric pronoun).

mé féin

sinn féin


faoi

fúm (first-person singular)
fúmsa (emphatic first-person singular)
fút (second-person singular)
fútsa (emphatic second-person singular)
faoi (masculine singular third-person)
faoisean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
fúithi (feminine singular third-person)
fúithise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
fúinn (first-person plural)
fúinne (emphatic first-person plural)
fúibh (plural second-person)
fúibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
fúthu (plural third-person)
fúthusan (emphatic plural third-person)

A generalization of the third-person masculine singular inflected form, from Old Irish foí, the third-person masculine singular inflected form of fo (“under”), from Proto-Celtic *uɸo, from Proto-Indo-European *upo. Compare Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó), Middle Welsh go. During the Early Modern Irish period, this preposition began to take over the meaning of Old Irish imm (“around, about”) (modern um), which had variant forms ma and lenited fa, bha that were probably conflated with faoi. Doublet of ó (“-wards”).

Up in the lighthouse, under twinkling stars, Bronach sings the Song of the Sea to her five-year-old son, Ben.

2015 [2014], Will Collins, translated by Proinsias Mac a' Bhaird, edited by Maura McHugh, Amhrán na Mara (fiction; paperback), Kilkenny, County Kilkenny, Howth, Dublin: Cartoon Saloon; Coiscéim, translation of Song of the Sea (in English), →ISBN, page 1:

a trí faoi a hocht

faoi dhó


daoibh

Alternative form of díobh (third-person plural of de)


agadsa

Cois Fharraige and Ulster form of agatsa: second-person singular emphatic of ag


aigesan

Aran form of aigesean: third-person singular masculine emphatic of ag


inntese

Superseded spelling of intise: emphatic form of innte


uime

From Old Irish immi. Cognate with Scottish Gaelic uime.

s:fr:Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry

s:fr:Page:Description d'un parler de Kerry.pdf/117

Die araner mundart
s:de:Die araner mundart

IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /ˈɪmʲə/


uaithe

Superseded spelling of uaithi (“from her”).


uamsa

Ulster form of uaimse: first-person singular emphatic of ó


aiste

aiste f or m (genitive singular aiste, nominative plural aistí)

aiste (genitive singular)
aistí (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
aiste (indefinite singular)
aistí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a aiste (indefinite singular)
a aistí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an aiste (definite singular)
na haistí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na haiste (definite singular)
na n-aistí (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an aiste (definite singular)
don aiste (definite singular)
leis na haistí (definite plural)

From Old Irish aiste (“special quality, peculiarity”), possibly from Latin essentia (“essence, being”).

inh

(literary or academic) essay, composition


rinn

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


roimhe

From Middle Irish reme, remi, roime, replacing earlier ríam, from Old Irish rïam.


chugaibh

look out! watch out! (to more than one person)


céard

Univerbation of cé (“what”) + rud (“thing”).

univ

Céard é féin?


caidé

Caidé atá ann?

In standardized Irish this would be "Cad é atá ann?"


'am

Galway form of agam: first-person singular of ag


cad é

head

followed by the direct relative particle <i class="Latn mention" lang="ga">a</i> in a clause with a finite verb

cad é (followed by the direct relative particle a in a clause with a finite verb)

ga-pron

From early modern caidhe, from Old Irish cote (“what is the nature of? of what kind is?”). Reanalyzed as cad (“what”) + é (“it”) in the modern language. Compare Scottish Gaelic dè, gu dè.

Cad é an t-am é?

Cad é a fuair tú?


siúd

→ Yola: shud

Siúd é an t-oileán.


a chéile

From Old Irish a chéile. Literally, “his companion”.


uatha

From Old Irish úathad, óthad, úaithed (“a small number, a few; the singular number”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewtos.


uatha

head

uatha m (genitive singular uatha, nominative plural uathaí)

uatha (genitive singular)
uathaí (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
uatha (indefinite singular)
uathaí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a uatha (indefinite singular)
a uathaí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an t-uatha (definite singular)
na huathaí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an uatha (definite singular)
na n-uathaí (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an uatha (definite singular)
don uatha (definite singular)
leis na huathaí (definite plural)


uatha

uathasan (emphatic)
uatha
n-uatha
huatha

Superseded spelling of uathu (“from them”).


cibé

Contracted from cé b’é (literally “who/what it may be”)

cibé is brí don mhagadh seo


an té

From Old Irish intí; synchronically analyzable as an (“the”) + t- (marker of t-prothesis) + é (“him”).

an té ḃraṫas is é ṁarḃas
he who betrays slays (saying)
an Té is feárr
the Best, God

1927, Patrick S. Dinneen, Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, Irish Texts Society, p. 1184


cé mhéad

cé mhéad (+ genitive, followed by direct relative)

Contracted from cad é a mhéad (“what is its amount”).

Cé mhéad atá air sin?

cé mhéad aráin

Cé mhéad capall agat?


aon duine

/eːn̪ˠˈd̪ˠɪnʲə/

/eːˈn̪ˠɪnʲə/


ibh

ibh (emphatic form ibhse, conjunctive and disjunctive)


chugat

/ˈ(h)ʊɡəd̪ˠ/


fairis

fairis (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

Alternative form of fara (used before the definite article)


uathasan

Superseded spelling of uathusan: third-person plural emphatic of ó


léithi

Alternative form of léi: third-person singular feminine of le


leob

Galway form of leo: third-person plural of le


dhaoibh

Alternative form of daoibh (both etymologies)


ortha

orthasan (emphatic)
ortha
n-ortha
hortha


seod

seod f (genitive singular seoide, nominative plural seoda)

seod m (genitive singular seoid, nominative plural seoda)

seoide (genitive singular)
seoda (nominative plural)
seoid (genitive singular)
seoda (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
seod (indefinite singular)
seoda (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a sheod (indefinite singular)
a sheoda (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
seoide (indefinite singular)
seod (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
seoid (archaic dialectal indefinite singular)
nominative (definite)
an tseod (definite singular)
na seoda (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na seoide (definite singular)
na seod (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an tseod (definite singular)
leis an tseoid (archaic definite dialectal singular)
don tseod (definite singular)
don tseoid (archaic definite dialectal singular)
leis na seoda (definite plural)
nominative (indefinite)
seod (indefinite singular)
seoda (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a sheoid (indefinite singular)
a sheoda (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
seoid (indefinite singular)
seod (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an seod (definite singular)
na seoda (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an tseoid (definite singular)
na seod (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an seod (definite singular)
don seod (definite singular)
leis na seoda (definite plural)


seod

Seod é lón na mbláthanna, nach é?

Cois Fharraige form of seo (used before é, í, iad)


aoinne

Ní raibh aoinne cloinne age n-a muinntir ach í agus do mhéaduigh sin uirrim agus grádh na ndaoine don inghean óg so.

1939, Peig Sayers, “Inghean an Cheannaidhe”, in Marie-Louise Sjoestedt, Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études; 270) (overall work in French), Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, page 193:

Her parents had no children (lit. “no one of children”) but her, and that increased the esteem and love of the people for this young girl.

Alternative form of aon duine (“anyone; no one”)


ceachtar

/ˈcaxt̪ˠəɾˠ/

[ˈcaht̪ˠəɾˠ]

/ˈcæxt̪ˠəɾˠ/

[ˈcæːxt̪ˠəɾˠ]

Is féidir le ceachtar againn dul.

Ní raibh a fhios ag ceachtar den dá bhuachaill.

either, (chiefly in the negative) neither [with ag or de ‘of’]


aoinneach

Alternative form of aon neach (“anyone”)


roimis

Munster form of roimhe (“already, before”)


fríd

fríd f (genitive singular fríde, nominative plural frídí or frídeacha)

fríde (genitive singular)
frídí (nominative plural)
frídeacha (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
fríd (indefinite singular)
frídí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a fhríd (indefinite singular)
a fhrídí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
fríde (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an fhríd (definite singular)
na frídí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na fríde (definite singular)
na bhfrídí (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an bhfríd (definite singular)
don fhríd (definite singular)
leis na frídí (definite plural)

From earlier frighid, originally the dative singular of frigh, from Middle Irish frige.


agam-sa

Superseded spelling of agamsa (“at me”): first-person singular emphatic of ag


ionnta

Superseded spelling of iontu (third-person plural form of i (“in”)).


le n-a chois

le n-a chois (emphatic le n-a chois-sean)


fróm

Alternative form of faram (“along with me, beside me; in addition to me; as good as me”)


dar leis

dar leis (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

Alternative form of dar le (used before the definite article)


'ar leis

’ar leis (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

(colloquial or dialectal) Alternative form of dar leis


'ar leis

’ar leis (canonical)
’ar leis-sean (emphatic)

’Ar leis féin annsin “dá mbeidhinn ar ais ag an rígh anois, thiucfadh liom sgéalta iongantacha innsint dó, ⁊ gheobhainn airgiod uadh;” ⁊ mar sin de d’fhill sé ar ais ionns’ ar an rígh, agus fuair sé ’na shuidhe ins an gharrdha é.

1894 March, Peadar Mac Fionnlaoigh, “An rí nach robh le fagháil bháis”, in Irisleabhar na Gaedhilge, volume 1:5, Dublin: Gaelic Union, pages 185–88:

He then thought to himself [lit., ‘It seemed to him’]: "If I were back now again with the king, I could tell him wonderful stories, and I'd get money from him"; and so returned to the king, and found him sitting in the garden.


chughamsa

Munster form of chugamsa: first-person singular emphatic of chuig and chun


chugham

Munster form of chugam: first-person singular of chuig and chun


gach aon duine

gach aon duine
ghach aon duine
ngach aon duine

/ɡax eːn̪ˠˈd̪ˠɪnʲə/

/ɡaˈheːn̠ʲə/

/ɡaˈxeːn̠ʲə/


araile

From Old Irish arale, alaile, from Proto-Celtic *aralyos (“other”) (compare Middle Welsh arall), a dissimilated reduplication of *alyos (“other”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos.


cá mhéad

cá mhéad (+ genitive, followed by direct relative)

/kɑːˈvʲeːd̪ˠ/

Contracted from cá a mhéad (“what is its amount”).

Synonym of cé mhéad (“how much, how many”)


puinn

Alternative form (and former spelling) of poinn (“profit, avail”), from Latin pondus.

Níl puinn céille aige.
He hasn’t much sense.

An bhfuil puinn airgid agat?

(chiefly in the negative) a bit, much/many (followed by the genitive)

chómh gasta le puinn den dáimh

céadar ar cuireadh puinn san áirc de

the cedar of which much of the Ark was made

(literary, poetic) much, many (in positive affirmative sentences)


leofa

Ulster form of leo (third-person plural of le): with them, to them


gach uile dhuine

/ɡa ˌxɪlʲə ˈɣɪnʲə/

/ˌxɪlʲə ˈɣɪnʲə/

/ɡa ˌfˠɛlʲə ˈɣɪnʲə/

/ɡax ˌfˠɛlʲə ˈɣɪnʲə/


thríomsa

/ˈhɾʲiːmˠsˠə/


thríotsa

/ˈhɾʲiːt̪ˠsˠə/


thrídsean

/ˈhɾʲiːdʲsˠənˠ/

[ˈhɾʲiːtʲsˠənˠ]


thrínne

/ˈhɾʲiːn̠ʲə/


thríbhse

/ˈhɾʲiːbʲʃə/

[ˈhɾʲiːpʲʃə]


thríothusan

/ˈhɾʲiːbˠsˠənˠ/

[ˈhɾʲiːpˠsˠənˠ]