да

inh-noun

да̄ • (daa) class vb (ergative дас, plural дай)

да̄ (canonical)
daa (romanization)
дас (ergative)
дай (plural)


дог

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *doḳ. Cognates include Bats დოკ (doḳ) and Chechen дог (dog).


бутт

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *butt. Cognates include Bats ბუთთ (butt) and Chechen бутт (butt).


оршот

Borrowed from Middle Georgian ორშაბათი (oršabati).


шинара

From шиъ (šiʔ, “two”). Cognates include Chechen шинара (šinara), Bats შინა̄ (šinā).


кӏира

Borrowed from Middle Georgian კვირა (ḳvira).


бер

inh-noun

бер • (ber) class bd (ergative беро, plural бераш)

ber (romanization)
беро (ergative)
бераш (plural)


дуга

From Turkic, probably via Kumyk дюгю (dügü). See Azerbaijani düyü, Bashkir дөгө (dögö) for more.


дош

дош • (doš) class dd (ergative дашо̄, plural дешаш)

doš (romanization)
дашо̄ (ergative)
дешаш (plural)


юрт

юрт • (jurt) class jj (ergative юрто, plural юрташ)

jurt (romanization)
юрто (ergative)
юрташ (plural)


тхов

Akin to Chechen тхов (txov). Compare also Bats ფხუ(ვ) class jj (pxu(v), “lid, cover”).


диг

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *diḳ. Cognates include Chechen диг (dig).


говр

Borrowed from Proto-Tsezian *gurV, from Proto-Northeast Caucasian *gwä̆lV. Doublet of гила (gila). Cognates include Ingush говр (govr, “horse”), Tsez гулу (gulu), and Hinukh гулу (gulu).


моза

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *maʒu. Cognates include Chechen моза (moza).


дол

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *dol. Cognates include Bats დოლ (dol) and Chechen дол (dol).


имам

inh-noun

имам • (imam) class vb (ergative имамо, plural имамаш)

imam (romanization)
имамо (ergative)
имамаш (plural)


москал

москал • (moskal) class jj (ergative москало̄, plural москалаш)

moskal (romanization)
москало̄ (ergative)
москалаш (plural)
москал (nominative singular)
москалаш (nominative plural)
москала (genitive singular)
москалӣ (genitive plural)
москала̄ (dative singular)
москалашта (dative plural)
москало̄ (ergative singular)
москалаша (ergative plural)
москалага (allative singular)
москалаша (allative plural)
москалаца (instrumental singular)
москалашца (instrumental plural)
москалах (lative singular)
москалех (lative plural)
москалал (comparative singular)
москалел (comparative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *maskul. Cognates include Chechen москал (moskal).


москало

москало̄ (canonical)
moskaloo (romanization)

москал москал#Ingush


лор

лор • (lor) class vb/jb (ergative лоро, plural лораш)

lor (romanization)
лоро (ergative)
лораш (plural)


болх

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *botx. Cognates include Chechen болх (bolx) and Bats ბოთხ (botx).


ӏаж

Borrowed from substrate. Reconstruction of the Proto-Nakh form is impossible because of irregular correspondences, contrary to Starostin and Nikolaev. Cognates include Chechen ӏа̄ж class bd (ˀaaž).
Possible cognate with Chechen хьа̄ч class bd (ḥʳaač, “cherry plum [Prunus divaricata]”), Ingush хьач class bb (ḥʳač, “plum; plum tree”).


хий

From Proto-Nakh *xi, from Proto-Northeast Caucasian *ɬ:ɔn.


ди

inh-noun

ди • (di) class dd (ergative дено, plural денош)

di (romanization)
дено (ergative)
денош (plural)


кор

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *kor. Cognates include Chechen кор (kor), Bats ქორ (kor).


ера

From диъ (diʔ, “four”). Cognates include Chechen еара (jeara), Bats ჲჵივჸა̄ (y'ivʾā).


кий

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *kude. Cognates include Bats ქუდ (kud) and Chechen куй (kuj).


уй

uj (romanization)
уйнаш (plural)
ий (alternative)


догӏа

head

догӏа • (doğa)


маза

меза меза#Ingush


шод

Inherited from Proto-Nakh [Term?]. Cognate with Chechen шад (šad), Bats შატ (šaṭ).


шод

Akin to Chechen шад (šad), Bats შვეტ (šveṭ).


шод

Inherited from Proto-Nakh [Term?]. Cognate with Chechen шат (šat), Bats შათო̆ (šatŏ).


кер

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *kori. Cognates include Chechen куьйра (küüra) and Bats ქუჲრი̆ (kuyrĭ).


ӏа

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *Ha. Cognates include Bats ჺა (ʿa) and Chechen ӏа (ˀa).


вир

Вир бада тӀа даккха аттагӀа да Ӏовдала саг кхетавечул.

It is easier to raise a donkey to the roof than to reason with a fool. (proverb)


бӏарг

бӏарг • (bˀarg)


тӏом

тӏом — шураца моз бац, хоттаца цӏий да

war is not honey with milk, but blood with mud


пхьид

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *pħiṭ (“frog”).


пхьид

From Proto-Nakh *pħiṭ (“calf of the leg”).


церг

царг царг#Ingush


бакъ

Akin to Chechen бекъа (beqʼa), Bats ბაყო̆ (baq̇ŏ).


ца

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ca (“tooth”).


вий

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *wHuCe. Cognates include Chechen хӏуй (huj).


абиссинец

а бис син ец

Borrowed from Russian абисси́нец (abissínec).

bor+

(historical) Abyssinian (citizen of Abyssinia)


боамби

absorbent cotton, cotton wool, wadding, batting


гола

Inherited from Proto-Nakh [Term?]. Cognate with Chechen гола (gola), Bats გაუ̆გუ̆ (gaŭgŭ). Akin to dialectal Georgian გალო (galo), a Nakh borrowing.

cog

Bats გაუ̆გუ̆ (gaŭgŭ)


мохк

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *moxḳ. Cognates include Chechen мохк (moxk) and Bats მოხკ (moxḳ).


цхьогал

цхьо̄гал (canonical)
cḥʳoogal (romanization)


гӏум

Borrowed from Karachay-Balkar къум (qum). Cognates include Chechen гӏум (ğum).


хачи

head

хачи • (xači)


котам

ко̄там (canonical)
kootam (romanization)
ко̄там (nominative singular)
ко̄тамаш (nominative plural)
ко̄тама (genitive singular)
ко̄тамӣ (genitive plural)
ко̄тама̄ (dative singular)
ко̄тамашта (dative plural)
ко̄тамо̄ (ergative singular)
ко̄тамаша (ergative plural)
ко̄тамага (allative singular)
ко̄тамаша (allative plural)
ко̄тамаца (instrumental singular)
ко̄тамашца (instrumental plural)
ко̄тамах (lative singular)
ко̄тамех (lative plural)
ко̄тамал (comparative singular)
ко̄тамел (comparative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *kotam. Cognates include Chechen ко̄там (kootam) and Bats ქოთამ (kotam).


бийса

йийкха бийса

Бийса даькъала хийла хьа!

Бийса даькъала хийла шун!

Маьршача сага беттал бийса хоза хет, къу сага хала хет беттала бийса еча.

Märšača saga bettal biı̇sa xoza xet, qʼu saga xala xet bettala biı̇sa ječa.

A law-abiding person loves a moon-lit night, a thief loves a moonless night. (proverb)


ди-бийса

From ди (di, “day”) + бийса (biı̇sa, “night”).

affix

Ди-бийса ткъаь диъ сахьат да.

Кӏира – ворхӏ ди-бийса да.


ахка

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *axḳoje. Cognates include Bats ხკო (xḳo) and Chechen аьхке̄ (äxkee).


гуйре

inh-noun

гуйре̄ • (gujree) class j (singular only)

гуйре̄ (canonical)
gujree (romanization)

гуйра гуйра#Ingush


бӏаьсти

бӏаьстӣ • (bˀästii) class j (singular only, ergative бӏаьсте̄но̄)

бӏаьстӣ (canonical)
bˀästii (romanization)
бӏаьсте̄но̄ (ergative)

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *sṭHaaboje (“autumn”). Cognates include Bats სტაბო (sṭabo) and Chechen бӏаьсте̄ (bˀästee).

inh+

Бӏаьстӣ хоза ха я.


кхаьра

кха̄ьра (canonical)
qäära (romanization)

From кхоъ (qoʔ, “three”). Cognates include Chechen кхаара (qaara), Bats ჴო̄ (qō).


пӏаьраска

inh-noun

пӏа̄ьраска • (pʼääraska) class d

пӏа̄ьраска (canonical)
pʼääraska (romanization)

Borrowed from Middle Georgian პარასკევი (ṗarasḳevi). Cognates include Chechen пӏе̄раска (pʼeeraska), Bats პარასკ (ṗarasḳ).


шоатта

Borrowed from Middle Georgian შაბათი (šabati). Cognates include Chechen шот (šot), Bats შაბათ (šabat).


кӏиранди

Contraction of кӏира ди (kʼira di, “week day”), calque of Middle Georgian კვირადღე (ḳviradɣe). Cognates include Chechen кӏиранде (kʼirande), Bats კვირაჸო̆ (ḳviraʾŏ).

cog

Bats კვირაჸო̆ (ḳviraʾŏ)


аьккхий-мархий бутт

inh-noun

аьккхий-мархий бутт • (äqqiı̇-marxiı̇ butt) class ?

en-аьккхий-мархий_бутт-inh-noun-yHfG~0Be


гӏалгӏай-мархий бутт

гӏалгӏай-мархий бутт • (ğalğaj-marxiı̇ butt) class ?

en-гӏалгӏай-мархий_бутт-inh-noun-nZWizw1x


таьрахь

таьрахь • (täraḥʳ) class ?


йиша

йиша • (jiša) class jb (ergative йишас, plural йижарий)

jiša (romanization)
йишас (ergative)
йижарий (plural)


герми

Compare Chechen герми (germi, “floorcloth”), герма (germa, “wad”), Old Armenian գորգ (gorg).


дийхк

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *daHexu. Cognates include Chechen доӏах (doˀax) and Bats დჵეჸ (d'eʾ).


дийхк

diı̇xk (romanization)
дихк (alternative)
дийхкх (alternative)

Uncertain. Has been identified with homonymous дийхк (diı̇xk, “liver”), supposedly because of its internal structure — while decaying and drying out the tree resembles the liver in color, but this is probably a folk etymology. Compare Old Armenian դղքի (dłkʻi, “maple”).


къурда

head

къурда • (qʼurda)

qʼurda (romanization)
къурд (alternative)


жеро

жеро • (žero)


лоам

loam (romanization)
лоам (nominative singular)
лоамаш (nominative plural)
лоама (genitive singular)
лоамӣ (genitive plural)
лоама̄ (dative singular)
лоамашта (dative plural)
лоамо̄ (ergative singular)
лоамаша (ergative plural)
лоамага (allative singular)
лоамаша (allative plural)
лоамаца (instrumental singular)
лоамашца (instrumental plural)
лоамах (lative singular)
лоамех (lative plural)
лоамал (comparative singular)
лоамел (comparative plural)

Лоамах дукха руцкъа доалл.

1963, Zaurbek Malsagov, Грамматика ингушского языка [Grammar of the Ingush language], 2nd edition, Grozny: Chechen-Ingush book publishing house, page 23:

There is a lot of wealth in the mountain.


кӏа

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ḳa. Cognates include Bats კავ (ḳav) and Chechen кӏа (kʼa).


гез

gez (romanization)
гез (nominative singular)
ге̄заш (nominative plural)
ге̄за (genitive singular)
ге̄зӣ (genitive plural)
ге̄за̄ (dative singular)
ге̄зашта (dative plural)
ге̄зо̄ (ergative singular)
ге̄заша (ergative plural)
ге̄зага (allative singular)
ге̄заша (allative plural)
ге̄заца (instrumental singular)
ге̄зашца (instrumental plural)
ге̄зах (lative singular)
ге̄зех (lative plural)
ге̄зал (comparative singular)
ге̄зел (comparative plural)

Borrowed from substrate. Related to the Proto-Turkic *yeŕ (“copper, brass”). Possibly borrowed through the stage with */ʝ/- ~ */ɟ/- ~ */ɟ̟͡ʑ/-. Where the first option should have resulted in Cheberloi хӏез (hez), and the second option in the Ingush form. The third option applies to Tatar җиз (ciz). Güldenstädt's “Travels in the Caucasus in 1770‒1773” presents the Chechen гез (gez), which does not correspond to the modern ез (jez).


форд

Borrowed from Ossetian форд (ford), the Digor dialectal form of фурд (furd), whence also Chechen хӏорд (hord).


бӏар

бӏар • (bˀar)


гӏайре

гӏайре • (ğajre)


ушал

ушал • (ušal)


дохк

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *doxḳ. Cognates include Chechen дохк (doxk) and Bats დოხკ (doxḳ).


хаоттам

Akin to Chechen хенан хӏоттам (xenan hottam)

cog

хенан хӏоттам


кӏаьнк

Borrowed from Ossetian къаннӕг (k’annæg, “little, small”).


ӏаса

head

ӏаса • (ˀasa)


ӏаса

ӏаса • (ˀasa)


дегӏ

дегӏ • (değ)


мосаш

мосаш • (mosaš)


тӏехк

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *daHexḳ. Cognates include Chechen даьӏахк class jj (däˀaxk).


пӏенда

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ṗHenṭo. Cognates include Chechen пӏенда (pʼenda).


цӏог

цӏог • (cʼog)


хьоа

хьоа • (ḥʳoa)


юхь

юхь • (juḥʳ)


хьаж

хьаж • (ḥʳaž)


хьажа

хьажа • (ḥʳaža)


налха

→ Ossetian: нӕлхӕ (nælxæ)


бов

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *bohu. Cognates include Bats ბუჲჰ (buyh) and maybe Chechen бухӏа (buha).


гӏаж

гӏа̄ж (canonical)
ğaaž (romanization)
гӏа̄ж (nominative singular)
гӏа̄жаш (nominative plural)
гӏа̄жа (genitive singular)
гӏа̄жӣ (genitive plural)
гӏа̄жа̄ (dative singular)
гӏа̄жашта (dative plural)
гӏа̄жо̄ (ergative singular)
гӏа̄жаша (ergative plural)
гӏа̄жага (allative singular)
гӏа̄жаша (allative plural)
гӏа̄жаца (instrumental singular)
гӏа̄жашца (instrumental plural)
гӏа̄жах (lative singular)
гӏа̄жех (lative plural)
гӏа̄жал (comparative singular)
гӏа̄жел (comparative plural)

Borrowed from Kumyk къаз (qaz). The substitution of з (z) with ж (ž) is atypical for Ingush, so the influence of the Ossetian form хъаз (qaz) is assumed, since Ossetian pronunciation lacks the original distinction of postalveolar /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ from the respective alveolar sibilants /s/ and /z/. The borrowing of гӏаж (ğaž) from Ossetian cannot be accepted, since in Kumyk къ (q) at the beginning of the wordform is pronounced as /ɢ/, which is reflected in Vainakh as /ʁ/. Compare with Chechen гӏа̄з (ğaaz). It is assumed that long vowels were once present in Kumyk because of their presence in Vainakh loanwords.


аьрзи

а̄ьрзӣ (canonical)
äärzii (romanization)


ӏаьхарг

ӏаьхарг • (ˀäxarg)


чкъаьра

чкъаьра • (čqʼära)


нӏана

Akin to Bats ნჵან (n'an) and Chechen нӏаьна (nˀäna).


чӏенг

чӏенг • (čʼeng)


мераж

мераж • (meraž)


зӏок

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ʒHok. Cognates include Bats ზოქ (zok) and Chechen зӏок (zˀok).


кулг

Akin to Chechen куьг (küg) and Khinalug кул (kul) and Udi кул (kul).


накха

накха • (naqa)


ткъам

ткъам • (tqʼam)


дихк

Akin to Chechen доӏахк (doˀaxk) and Bats დჵეჸ (d'eʾ).


тӏен

тӏен • (tʼen)


хьогал

хьогал • (ḥʳogal)


пхьор

пхьор • (pḥʳor)


хьайра

хьайра • (ḥʳajra)


тӏий

тӏий • (tʼii)

From Proto-Nakh *ṭēwi, cognate with Chechen тӏай (tʼaj), Bats ტივ (ṭiv).


ехк

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *jexḳ. Cognates include Chechen ехк (jexk) and Bats ჲეხკ (yexḳ).


тӏехкар

тӏехкар • (tʼexkar)


дӏоагӏа

дӏоагӏа • (dˀoağa)


товгӏа

товгӏа • (tovğa)


маьнги

маьнги • (mängi)


гӏайба

гӏайба • (ğajba)


кӏерам

кӏерам • (kʼeram)


бӏоагӏа

бӏоагӏа • (bˀoağa)


хьастам

хьастам • (ḥʳastam)


кӏувс

кӏувс • (kʼuvs)


дахча

дахча • (daxča)


лаьца

лаьца • (läca)


декхар

декхар • (deqar)


юкь

юкь • (jukʲ)


ӏург

ӏург • (ˀurg)


бухь

бухь • (buḥʳ)


делкъе

делкъе • (delqʼe)


кхерам

кхерам • (qeram)


ийла

ийла • (iı̇la)


къайле

къайле • (qʼajle)


хьаьаша

хьаьаша • (ḥʳäaša)


тукхам

тукхам • (tuqam)


кӏор

кӏор • (kʼor)

Akin to Chechen кӏора (kʼora) and Tabasaran кӏаруб (ḳarub).


кен

кен (canonical)
кем (canonical)
ken (romanization)
kem (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *keᶰ. Cognates include Chechen кен (ken), Bats ქეჼ (kẽ).


шалта

Akin to Chechen шаьлта (šälta), Bats შალთ (šalt).


кӏир

From Georgian კირი (ḳiri), from Old Armenian կիր (kir); see the latter for more.


олг

From Proto-Nakh *ʔol-eḳ. Akin to Chechen оьлг (ölg, “small loaf of bread”).


лаьча

Borrowed from Kumyk лачын (laçın). Cognates include Chechen ле̄ча (leeča).


бакъилг

desc

→ Georgian: (Khevsureti) ბაყალ (baq̇al, “bastard”), ⇒ ბაყალიკა (baq̇aliḳa), (Pshavi) ბაყალიკა (baq̇aliḳa, “donkey foal”), ბაყალწიკა (baq̇alc̣iḳa)

From бакъ (baqʼ) + -илг (-ilg, diminutive suffix).

af

бакъ бакъ#Ingush


хьач

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ħak. Cognates include Chechen хьа̄ч (ḥʳaač).


набахте

Borrowed from Russian на вахте (na vaxte).


киловзал

[ˈkʰɘɫoʊ̯zəɫ]


борц

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *borc. Cognates include Chechen борц (borc) and Bats ბორც (borc).


цицхолг

From earlier цицгӏолг (cicğolg), borrowing from Kumyk чычкъан (çıçqan, “mouse”) or Kipchak-Cuman, compare with Karaim сычавул (“big rat”).


ӏи

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *He. Cognates include Bats ჺა (ʿa) and Chechen ӏаь (ˀä).


кӏажар

кӏеж кӏеж#Ingush


кӏеж

kʼež (romanization)
кӏа̄жар (alternative)


кӏомал

кӏо̄мал (canonical)
kʼoomal (romanization)


маькх

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *maaqi (“barley bread”).


москалаш

head

москалаш • (moskalaš)

москал москал#Ingush


эздел

Deadjectival noun derived from эздий (ezdii, “courteous, noble”). Akin to Chechen оьздангалла (özdangalla, “politeness”).

cog

Эздел доаца саг

nobility, courtesy (quality of being courteous; politeness)


тӏаьд

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ṭaaṭe. Cognates include Chechen тӏе̄да (tʼeeda).


улг

From у (u, “board”) + -лг (-lg, “diminuative and individuating suffix”).


инкал

inkal (romanization)
инкал (nominative singular)
инкалаш (nominative plural)
инкала (genitive singular)
инкалӣ (genitive plural)
инкала̄ (dative singular)
инкалашта (dative plural)
инкало̄ (ergative singular)
инкалаша (ergative plural)
инкалага (allative singular)
инкалаша (allative plural)
инкалаца (instrumental singular)
инкалашца (instrumental plural)
инкалах (lative singular)
инкалех (lative plural)
инкалал (comparative singular)
инкалел (comparative plural)

инкала тха


ингали

ингалӣ (canonical)
ingalii (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *inḳala (“glass”).


кӏарцхал

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ḳaacxul through the influence of кӏа̄рг class dd (kʼaarg, “chip, splinter, wood fragment; clothespin”).


апар

а̄пар (canonical)
aapar (romanization)
ип (alternative obsolete)


ип

а̄пар апар#Ingush


къаж

къаж (canonical)
къа̄ж (canonical)
qʼaž (romanization)
qʼaaž (romanization)


ювргӏа

Borrowed from Kumyk ювургъан (yuwurğan).


фоарт

inh-noun

фоарт • (foart) class jj (plural фоартамаш)


кӏоажам

/ˈkʼɔ̯ɑːʒam/

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ḳHaaḳamo. Cognates include Chechen кӏо̄жам (kʼoožam) and Bats კჵაკამ (ḳ'aḳam).


гийг

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *gag. Cognates include Chechen гай (gaj) and Bats გაგაჸო̆ (gagaʾŏ).


тӏоаргац

tʼoargac (romanization)
тӏоаргац (nominative singular)
тӏоаргацаш (nominative plural)
тӏоаргаца (genitive singular)
тӏоаргацӣ (genitive plural)
тӏоаргаца̄ (dative singular)
тӏоаргацашта (dative plural)
тӏоаргацо̄ (ergative singular)
тӏоаргацаша (ergative plural)
тӏоаргацага (allative singular)
тӏоаргацаша (allative plural)
тӏоаргацаца (instrumental singular)
тӏоаргацашца (instrumental plural)
тӏоаргацах (lative singular)
тӏоаргацех (lative plural)
тӏоаргацал (comparative singular)
тӏоаргацел (comparative plural)

/ˈtʼɔ̯ɑrɡat͡s/

Borrowed from Georgian ტაგრუცი (ṭagruci). Cognates include Chechen тӏорказ (tʼorkaz).


коартол

Borrowed from Russian картофель (kartofelʹ). Cognates include Chechen картол (kartol).


хенахзӏокеттарг

inh-noun

xе̄нахзӏокеттарг

xе̄нахзӏокеттарг • (xeenaxzˀokettarg) class jj

xе̄нахзӏокеттарг (canonical)
xeenaxzˀokettarg (romanization)
хе̄нахзӏокьеттарг (alternative)
хе̄нах зӏокьеттарг (alternative)

Perhaps from хи (xi, “tree”) + зӏок (zˀok, “beak”) + детта (detta, “to beat”). Cognate with Chechen хе̄накӏур (xeenakʼur). Presumably come into use as taboo avoidance of an earlier word, possibly something like *ḳur (“woodpecker”). Apparently, Ingush used the first stem in the lative, while Chechen used it in the genitive.


кувра

Borrowed from Georgian ქვევრი (kvevri). Cognates include Chechen куьйра (küüra).

large round amphora-like ceramic milk jug, held by the handles and shaken to make butter


гуйра

gujra (romanization)
гуйре̄ (alternative)

Uncertain. Cognates include Chechen гуьйре̄ (güüree).


хьажкӏа

inh-noun

хьажкӏа • (ḥʳažkʼa) class jj


лийг

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *lVC. Cognates include Chechen лӯ (luu).


циск

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ciciḳ. Cognates include Chechen цициг (cicig).