lo

Borrowed from Betawi Kota lo (“you”), from Hokkien 汝 (lú). Doublet of lu.

Oke, kalau lo baper, yuk cabut.

(chiefly Jakarta, slang) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours


allegretto

Unadapted borrowing from Italian allegretto.


koran

From Malay koran, from Dutch courant (current spelling is krant), from French courant (“current”), from Old French corant, possibly corresponding to Latin currens, currentem.

newspaper (a printed publication, usually published daily or weekly, containing news and other articles)


bogie

Borrowed from English bogie. Doublet of bogi.


PDB

produk domestik bruto
produk domestik bruto#Indonesian

(economics) Initialism of produk domestik bruto.


entrepreneur

Unadapted borrowing from French entrepreneur.

entrepreneur (person who organizes and operates a business venture)


bias

Borrowed from Dutch bias or Inherited from Malay bias, both Borrowed from English bias, from French biais.

inclination towards something; predisposition, partiality, prejudice, preference, predilection

(statistics) the difference between the expectation of the sample estimator and the true population value, which reduces the representativeness of the estimator by systematically distorting it

(acoustics, optics) the turning or bending of any wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium into another of different optical density

(colloquial) a person's favourite member of an idol group, such as K-pop band


cupido

Learned borrowing from Latin cupīdō (“desire; lust”).


epistola

èpistola (canonical)
epistola-epistola (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin epistola, from Ancient Greek ἐπιστολή (epistolḗ), from ἐπιστέλλω (epistéllō, “I send a message”), from ἐπί (epí, “upon”) + στέλλω (stéllō, “I prepare, send”).

(Christianity) nonstandard spelling of epistel (“epistle”)


media

média (canonical)
media-media (plural)
medium (alternative)

* From Dutch media, from Latin media.
* Semantic loan from English media.

the means, channel, or agency by which an aim is achieved

(biology) a nutrient solution for the growth

medium,
a nutrient solution for the growth

means and institutions for publishing and broadcasting information

(computing) a particular form of storage for digitized information, such as magnetic tape or discs


bonus

From Dutch bonus, from Latin bonus (“good”).

bonus; something extra that is good; an added benefit

bonus; an extra sum given as a premium, e.g. to an employee or to a shareholder


filter

From Dutch filter, from French filtre, from Medieval Latin filtrum (compare also Old French feutre (“felt; filter”)), from Frankish *filtir, from Proto-West Germanic *felt.

a device which separates a suspended, dissolved, or particulate matter from a fluid, solution, or other substance; any device that separates one substance from another

(electronics, physics) electronics or software that separates unwanted signals (for example noise) from wanted signals or that attenuates selected frequencies


adagio

Borrowed from English adagio, from Italian adagio.

(music) a tempo mark directing that a passage is to be played rather slowly, leisurely and gracefully

adagio
(music) a passage having this mark

(dance) a male-female duet or mixed trio ballet displaying demanding balance, spins and/or lifts


adenitis

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch adenitis.


kurang

Filmnya kurang bermanfaat.

Sayurnya kurang garam.


atap

From Malay atap, from Proto-Malayic *hatəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatəp.

roof (the cover at the top of a building)


awan

Inherited from Malay awan, from Proto-Malayic *awan, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hawan.

cloud (a visible mass of water droplets suspended in the air)

(astronomy) cloud (any mass of dust, steam or smoke resembling such a mass)

(figurative, uncommon) a very high place


keluarga

kêluarga (canonical)
keluarga-keluarga (plural)

From Malay keluarga (“family”). Compare to Javanese ꦏꦸꦭꦮꦂꦒ (kulawarga) and ꦏꦮꦸꦭꦮꦂꦒ (kawulawarga).

family (immediate family as a group, or group of people related by blood, marriage, law, or custom)

family (any group or aggregation of things classed together with common characteristics)

(set theory) class (a collection of sets definable by a shared property)


kakak

From Malay kakak (“older sister”), from Classical Malay kakak, from Proto-Malayic *kakaʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaka, from Proto-Austronesian *kaka.
* For sense of older brother, semantic loan from Hokkien 哥哥 (ko-ko, “older brother”) and semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦏꦁ, ꦏꦏ, ꦏꦏꦏ꧀ (kakang, kaka, kakak).
* For sense of form of address to husband in marital relationship, semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦏꦁ, ꦏꦏ, ꦏꦏꦏ꧀ (kakang, kaka, kakak).

sl

ꦏꦏꦁ, ꦏꦏ, ꦏꦏꦏ꧀

ꦏꦏꦁ, ꦏꦏ, ꦏꦏꦏ꧀

(literally or figuratively, formal) older sibling

(literally or figuratively, chiefly Sumatra and Kalimantan) older sister

(literally or figuratively, chiefly Jakarta and Java) older brother

(chiefly Jakarta) a general form of address, typically to an older person (but applicable to same age groups)

(colloquial) a form of address to any stranger


kakak

Inherited from Malay kakak. Onomatopoeic, compare to Tagalog kakak.


kenapa

Inherited from Malay کناڤ (kenapa), a blend of kena (“to be hit”) + apa (“what”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">kenapa</i>

blend

Kenapa air laut asin?

"Kenapa harus takut kalau tidak salah? Kenapa harus khawatir dengan omongan inkonsisten? Coba cek deh satu persatu, dari 2013 sampai jadi saksi-saksi kemarin apa ada satu saja yang konsisten?," terang Ganjar lagi.

2017 November 22, Linda Putri, “Ganjar: Kalau Tidak Salah Kenapa Takut [Ganjar: If Not Wrong Why Fear]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2018-12-31:

"Why should you be afraid if not wrong? Why should you worry about talking inconsistently? Try checking one by one, from 2013 to yesterday's witnesses, is there only one that is consistent?", Ganjar further explained.

(informal, colloquial) why; for what reason


mengapa

From Malay mengapa, from Proto-Malayic *mAŋ-apa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maŋ-apa, equivalent to meng- + apa.


asin

From Malay asin, from Proto-Malayic *(mA-)hasin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)qasin, from Proto-Austronesian *qasiN.


aneh

Inherited from Malay aneh, from Classical Malay انيه (aneh).


alpa

From Malay alpa, from Classical Malay الڤا (alpa), from Sanskrit अल्प (alpa).


tenor

* From Dutch tenor, from Italian tenore, from Latin tenor.
* Semantic loan from English tenor for sense of time to maturity of a bond.

(music) a musical range or section higher than bass and lower than alto

(music) a person, instrument or group that performs in the tenor (higher than bass and lower than alto) range

tenor:
(finance) time to maturity of a bond


senior

From Dutch senior, from Latin senior (“older”), comparative form of senex (“old”). Doublet of señor, senyur, and sinyo.

senior, superior (higher in rank, dignity, or office)


senior

id-noun

senior (plural senior-senior or para senior)

senior-senior (plural)
para senior (plural)


junior

Learned borrowing from Latin junior, iūnior.

junior (having a subordinate role, job, or situation)

junior (belonging to a younger person, or an earlier time of life)


eufemisme

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch eufemisme.


agio

From Dutch agio, from Italian aggio, from Old Occitan aize, from Vulgar Latin *adjace(m), from Latin adjacēns, present participle of adjaceō (compare Medieval Latin in aiace).


agitator

From Dutch agitator, from Latin agitātor.


ala

From French à la, perhaps through English a la.

(colloquial) a la, in the style or manner of


ala

(law) land, with the owner or descendants still have the main rights in that land


ala

der

Arabic أَعْلَى (ʔaʕlā)


ala

Learned borrowing from Latin āla (“wing”).

lbor

(anatomy) a wing or winglike anatomic process or part, especially of bone

(botany) the flattened border of some stems, fruits, and seeds, or one of the two side petals of certain flowers in the pea family


Cina

From Malay Cina, from Sanskrit चीन (Cīna), likely derived from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin, “State of Qin, Qin dynasty”).

der

China (a nation or civilization in East Asia)

Chinese (the language or the people of the region)


data

datum,
a fact known from direct observation

a premise from which conclusions are drawn

information, especially in a scientific or computational context, or with the implication that it is organized

recorded observations that are usually presented in a structured format

(computing) a representation of facts or ideas in a formalized manner capable of being communicated or manipulated by some process


madam

Borrowed from Dutch madam, from Middle French madame.


duet

From Dutch duet, from Italian duetto or German Duett (itself borrowed from Italian).

duet (musical piece performed by two players or two singers)


alba

Learned borrowing from Latin alba (as in tunica alba (“white tunic”), vestis alba (“white garment”)), feminine of albus (“white”).

lbor

(Catholicism) alb: a long, white robe worn by priests and other ministers, underneath most of the other vestments.


albatros

Borrowed from Dutch albatros, from English albatross, from Spanish alcatraz or Portuguese alcatraz, from Arabic الْغَطَّاس (al-ḡaṭṭās, “the diver”).

(zoology) any of various large seabirds of the family Diomedeidae ranging widely in the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific and having a hooked beak and long narrow wings

(zoology) any of various African and Asian pierid butterflies of the genus Appias. Some species of this genus are also known as puffins

a lightweight, soft material with a napped and slightly creped surface


albino

From Dutch albino, from Spanish albino, from Latin albus.

albino: person or animal congenitally lacking melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); one afflicted with albinism


tempe

→ Dutch: tempé

→ French: tempeh, tempé

→ English: tempeh

Possibly from Old Javanese tumpi (a food made from starch and tempeh) or Indonesian tapai (“fermentation”).


baud

Borrowed from English baud, from French baud. Named for French inventor Jean-Maurice-Émile Baudot (1845-1903).

(telecommunications) baud: a unit of data transmission symbol rate; the number of signalling events per second


Papua

New Guinea (a large island in the Pacific Ocean)

a region in Oceania, the Indonesian part of the island of New Guinea


has

From Dutch haas (“tenderloin”), from Middle Dutch haessen, from Old Dutch *hāsenewa, *hāhsenewa, from Proto-Germanic *hanhsenwō, *hanhasenwō (“heel tendon, Achilles tendon”), from Proto-Germanic *hanhaz (“heel”) + *senwō (“sinew”).


-itas

-tas (alternative)
-iti (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)


mori

→ Min Nan: 毛里 (mo͘-lí)

* From Dutch moiré, from French moiré, from Arabic مُخَيَّر (muḵayyar, literally “chosen”).
* From Tamil முறி (muṟi).


luka

Inherited from Malay luka, from Proto-Malayic *luka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luka, Proto-Austronesian *Nuka.

an injury, such as a cut, stab, or tear, to a (usually external) part of the body

(figurative) a hurt to a person's feelings, reputation, prospects, etc.


luka

suffering from a wound, especially one acquired in battle from a weapon, such as a gun or a knife

(figurative) suffering from an emotional injury

wounded:
suffering from an emotional injury


nama

From Malay nama (“name”), from Classical Malay nama (“name”), from Sanskrit नामन् (nā́man), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́ma, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (“name”).

name (word or phrase indicating a particular person, place, class or thing)


solder

From Dutch soldeer, from Old French soldure, soudeure (noun), from Old French souder, solder (“to solder”, verb) (> Middle English souden (“to solder”)), from Latin solidāre (“make solid”).

solder: any of various easily-melted alloys, commonly of tin and lead, that are used to mend, coat, or join metal objects, usually small


para

Inherited from Malay ڤارا (para), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paRa (collective particle). Compare Acehnese para (“horde, troop”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">para</i>

para siswa

definitive particle used to denote that the word preceded is plural


para

Inherited from Malay ڤارا (para, “rubber; shelf”), from Proto-Austronesian *paRa (“storage shelf; attic, loft”). Compare Tagalog pága (“storage loft made of bamboo attached to ceiling”).

cog

Alternative spelling of para-para (“shelf”)


para

military parachutist
military parachutist


para

(architecture, dialect) the space between the ceiling and the roof of a house


para

(cooking, dialect) edible half rotten (melted) egg.


para

(pathology, dialect) skin disease on the body in the form of white spots that collect at one point and cause fever


ego

From Latin ego (“I”), from Proto-Italic *egō, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Doublet of eke.


amulet

amulét (canonical)
amulet-amulet (plural)

From Dutch amulet, from French amulette, from Middle French, from Latin amulētum.


Claudia

Claudia Scheunemann, b. 2009

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Claudia


origami

Borrowed from Japanese 折り紙 (おりがみ, origami), from 折り (おり, ori, “to fold”) + 紙 (かみ, kami, “paper”).

origami (the Japanese art of paper folding)


web

From English web, from Middle English webbe, from Old English webb, from Proto-Germanic *wabją, from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“weave”).


format

From Dutch formaat, from German Format, from New Latin liber fōrmātus (“book fashioned”), from fōrmō (“I shape, fashion”).


royal

Borrowed from Dutch royaal (“royal”). Doublet of rial and riyal.


flan

From English flan, from French flan (“cheesecake, custard tart, flan”), or in some uses (in reference to Spanish/Latin American flans) later from Spanish flan (itself from the French), both from Old French flaon (whence also Middle English flaon, flaun (“pie; cake”)), from Late Latin fladonem, accusative of fladō (“flat cake”), from Frankish *flaþō (“flat cake”), from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂t- (“broad, flat”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to spread out, be broad, be flat”).

der

(cooking) flan: baked tart with sweet or savoury filling in an open-topped pastry case


balai

From Malay balai, from Proto-Malayic *balay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balay, from Proto-Austronesian *balay. Semantic loan from Minangkabau balai for sense of market.


din

religion (system of beliefs dealing with soul, deity and/or life after death)


palisade

palisadê (canonical)
palisade-palisade (plural)
palisad (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch palissade, from French palissade.

(military) a wall of wooden stakes, used as a defensive barrier

palisade:
(biology) an even row of cells


dab

From English dub, a shortening of the word double.

dub: the replacement of a voice part in a movie or cartoon, particularly with a translation; an instance of dubbing


dab

From Arabic ضَبّ (ḍabb), from Proto-Semitic *ṣ́abb-.

dabb lizard, Egyptian mastigure, Egyptian spiny-tailed lizard, Leptien's mastigure, Egyptian uromastyx, or Egyptian dabb lizard (Uromastyx aegyptia)


dab

a kind of mat measuring approximately 2 m, made of woven pandan leaves that are connected by stitching


performer

pêrformêr (canonical)
performer-performer (plural)


virus

Borrowed from Dutch virus, from Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”), via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). Doublet of bisa. The computing sense is a semantic loan from English virus.

virus; a type of submicroscopic infectious organism

(computing) virus; a type of spreading malware

(computing, colloquial) virus; any type of malware


palpebra

Borrowed from English palpebra, from Latin palpebra (“an eyelid”).


abad

Borrowed from Arabic أَبَد (ʔabad, “eternity, eternal duration”) via Malay abad

bor+

batu nisan itu diperkirakan berumur satu abad

that tombstone is approximately a century years old

(literally) century, a period of 100 consecutive years

age, an uncertain or undetermined of time


Abdul

From Arabic عَبْد (ʕabd, “servant [of]”) + ال (al-, “the”).

a male given name from Arabic used by Muslims


aba

Inherited from Malay aba, from Proto-Malayic *aba, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aba, from Proto-Austronesian *aba.


aba

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦧ (aba, “sign, sound; order, command; to order, command; spoken word; to say, to speak”).

signals in the form of knocking sounds on walls and so on which are usually heard before the death of a family member


les

Borrowed from Dutch les (“course, lesson”), from Middle Dutch lesse, from Latin lēctiō.

(education, colloquial) cram school, private tuition


les

(education, colloquial) to cram, to study hard, to learn at cram school


ako

From Hakka 阿哥 (â-kô, “elder brother”). Doublet of akeo and engkoh.


porta

Learned borrowing from Latin porta. Doublet of portal.


deus ex machina

Unadapted borrowing from Latin deus ex māchinā, calque of Ancient Greek ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός (apò mēkhanês theós, literally “god from the machine”).

calque

ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός


breve

Borrowed from Dutch breve (“breve”), from Latin brevis (“short”).

(orthography) breve: a semicircular diacritical mark (˘) placed above a vowel, commonly used to mark its quantity as short


spiral

Borrowed from Dutch spiraal (“spiral”), from French spirale, from Medieval Latin spiralis, from Latin spira, from Ancient Greek σπεῖρα (speîra, “wreath, coil, twist”).

der

(figurative) spiral; a self-sustaining process with a lot of momentum involved, so it is difficult to accelerate or stop it at once

(colloquial) intrauterine device, coil; a contraceptive device consisting of a spiral or similar shape


kibbutz

Unadapted borrowing from Hebrew קִבּוּץ (kibúts), derived from the root קָבַץ (kaváts, “to gather, collect, assemble”).

ubor

kibbutz: a community, usually an agricultural one in Israel, based on a high level of social and economical sharing, equality, direct democracy and tight social relations


coro

Borrowed from Javanese ꦕꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴ (coro, “cockroach”).

bor+

(colloquial, dialectal) Synonym of kecoak (“cockroach”)


ko

(Java, informal) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours


première

Unadapted borrowing from French première. Doublet of premier.


OTT

Initialism of operasi tangkap tangan (literally “hand-catching operation”).


anno

Borrowed from Dutch anno, from Latin annō, ablative of annus.


bu

(slightly informal, between two speakers) mam

slightly informal; between two speakers; slightly informal; between two speakers


tout le monde

Unadapted borrowing from French tout le monde (“everyone, everybody”, literally “all the world”).


jus

From English juice, from Middle English jus, juis, from Old French jus, jous, from Latin jūs (“broth, soup, sauce”).

juice,
a liquid from a plant, especially fruit


jus

From English deuce, from Middle English dewes (“two”), from Anglo-Norman, from Old French deus, from Latin duo.

(sports, tennis) deuce: A tied game where either player can win by scoring two consecutive points


s'il vous plaît

Unadapted borrowing from French s’il vous plaît (“please, if you please”, literally “if it pleases you”).


kondom

From Dutch condoom, from English condom.
* The sense of protective case or cover is comparable to the Dutch synonym kous (“condom, mantle”, literally “stocking, sock”).

(literal) condom: A flexible sleeve made of latex or other impermeable material such as sheepskin, worn over an erect penis during sexual intercourse as a contraceptive or as a way to prevent the spread of STDs


lis

From Dutch lijst, from Italian lista, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *leizd (“band, border”).

der

list, a register or roll of paper consisting of a compilation or enumeration of a set of possible items; the compilation or enumeration itself


lis

From Dutch lijst, from Middle Dutch lijste, from Old Dutch *līsta, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *leizd (“band, border”).


monitor

Borrowed from English monitor, from Latin monitor (“warner”), from perfect passive participle monitus (“warning”), from verb monere (“to warn, admonish, remind”).

monitor
someone who watches over something

a device that detects and informs on the presence, quantity, etc., of something

(engineering) a tool holder, as for a lathe, shaped like a low turret

monitoring; surveillance or continuous or regular observation


monitor

monitor (root)
memonitor (active nominative)
termonitor (nominative passive)
dimonitor (nominative passive)
monitor (nominative)
monitorlah (nominative)
memonitori (active)
termonitori (passive)
dimonitori (passive)
monitori
monitorilah
memonitorkan (active)
termonitorkan (passive)
dimonitorkan (passive)
monitorkan
monitorkanlah

to monitor; basic/imperative/informal of memonitor


komputer

komputêr (canonical)
komputer-komputer (plural)

From English computer. Doublet of kantor and konter.

(computing) computer, a programmable electronic device that performs mathematical calculations and logical operations, especially one that can process, store and retrieve large amounts of data very quickly; now especially, a small one for personal or home use employed for manipulating text or graphics, accessing the Internet, or playing games or media


telefon

head

telefon (active menelefon, passive ditelefon)


argentum

Learned borrowing from Latin argentum (“silver”).

lbor

(formal, mostly used in scientific contexts) silver


tata

From Malay tata, from Javanese ꦠꦠ (tata), from Old Javanese tatā (“arrangement, ordering; fixed order, rule”), from Pali tathā (“in this way”), from Sanskrit तथा (tathā, “in that manner”). Doublet of titi.


tata

(figurative, of a relationship) to build


ali

Inherited from Malay ali, from Arabic عَلِيّ (ʕaliyy).


tren

trén (canonical)
tren-tren (plural)
trénd (alternative)

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian


maternal

From English maternal, from Late Middle English maternal, maternall, from Middle French maternel (“maternal”) (modern French maternel (“maternal; native”)), or from its etymon Late Latin māternālis (“maternal”).


personal

From English personal, from Middle English personal, personele, from Anglo-Norman personel, personal, personell, Old French personal, personel, from Late Latin persōnālis (“of a person, personly”).


LAN

Lembaga Administrasi Negara
w:id:Lembaga Administrasi Negara


dos-à-dos

Unadapted borrowing from French dos-à-dos (literally “back-to-back”).

ubor

(dance) dos a dos: a move in square dancing in which two dancers face each other, then step forward and left until they have right shoulders adjacent, then move to a position where they are back to back, then move to have left shoulders adjacent, then return to facing each other


mes

From Dutch mess (“mess”), from English mess, from Middle English mes, partly from Old English mēse, mēose (“table”); and partly from Old French mes, Late Latin missum, from mittō (“to put, place (e.g. on the table)”). Doublet of misa.


mes

From English mesh, from Middle English mesche, from Old English masc (“net”) (perhaps influenced in form by related Old English mæscre (“mesh, spot”)) both from Proto-Germanic *maskrǭ, *maskwǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *mezg- (“to knit, twist, plait”).

der

a structure made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible/ductile material, with evenly spaced openings between them

the opening or space enclosed by the threads of a net between knot and knot, or the threads enclosing such a space


mes

From Dutch mest (“manure”), from Middle Dutch mest, from Old Dutch *mist, from Proto-Germanic *mihstuz. Semantic loan from Dutch kunstmest (“artificial fertilizer”).


mes

From Dutch mes (“blade”), from Middle Dutch mets, mes, contraction of *metses, from Old Dutch *metisas, *metsas, from Proto-West Germanic *matisahs (“food knife”). Cognate of Japanese メス (mesu, “medical knife”) and Korean 메스 (meseu, “medical knife”).

der

Kemudian tampak fasia, diinsisi dengan memberikan mes no 22 dan dijepit dengan memberikan pinset cirurgis.

Fascia appeared, incised with 22 blade and clamped with surgical forceps.

Berikan mes no 15 dan pinset chirurgi pada operator untuk insisi kulit sampai fasia.

Give the blade 15 and surgical forceps to the operator for skin incision to the fascia.

(surgery, colloquial) scalpel, blade, medical knife


maestro

Borrowed from Dutch maestro, from Italian maestro, from Latin magister (“master”). Doublet of magister, master, and mester.

maestro: a master in some art, especially a composer or conductor


aye

Borrowed from Betawi ayè. Doublet of saya.

(Jakarta, colloquial) First-person singular pronoun: I, me, my


aviator

(aviation) aviator, pilot: A person who is in charge of the controls of an aircraft


avoirdupois

Unadapted borrowing from English avoirdupois, from Middle English avoir de pois, aver de peis, haburdy poyse, haburdepays, haburdepeyse, from Old French aveir + de + peis (“asset of weight”), influenced by Middle French avoir + du + pois.

ubor

the official system of weights used in the UK between 1856 and 1963. It had been the customary system in London since 1300

the official system of weights used in the USA between 1866 and 1959


golf

Internationalism, unadapted borrowing from English golf, most likely from Middle Dutch colve, colf (“club”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kulbaz (“club”).

(sports) golf: A ball game played by individuals competing against one another in which the object is to hit a ball into each of a series of (usually 18 or nine) holes in the minimum number of strokes


kama

From Sanskrit काम (kāma, “love”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káHmas (“desire”), from Proto-Indo-European *kóh₂-mo-s, from *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”).

(archaic) love, especially sexual love or sensuality

(archaic) personification of love or desire as deity


mag

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch maag (“stomach”), from Middle Dutch māge, from Old Dutch *mago, from Proto-Germanic *magô.


lapis

Inherited from Malay lapis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lapis (“stone slab, thin layer”).


kamera

From Dutch camera, from English camera, from New Latin camera obscura (“dark chamber”), from Latin camera (“chamber or bedchamber”), from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “anything with an arched cover, a covered carriage or boat, a vaulted chamber, a vault”). Doublet of kamar and kamerad.

der

camera, a device for taking still or moving pictures or photographs


sup

From Dutch soep (“soup”), from French soupe, from Latin suppa, from Proto-Germanic *supô.

Satu di antaranya adalah soto dan sup.


skala

skala-skala (plural)
sekala (alternative)

From Dutch schaal (“scale”) or Portuguese escala, from Latin scala.

an ordered, usually numerical sequence used for measurement, means of assigning a magnitude

the ratio of depicted distance to actual distance; A line or bar associated with a drawing, used to indicate measurement when the image has been magnified or reduced

(mathematics) radix: A mathematical base for a numeral system

gradation; succession of ascending and descending steps and degrees; progressive series; scheme of comparative rank or order

a standard amount of money to be received

(Standard Malay)

(music) a series of notes spanning an octave, tritave, or pseudo-octave, used to make melodies


logika

logika-logika (plural)
logik (alternative Malaysia)

From Malay logika from Dutch logica, from Latin logica.

a method of human thought that involves thinking in a linear, step-by-step manner about how a problem can be solved. Logic is the basis of many principles including the scientific method

the study of the principles and criteria of valid inference and demonstration


kobra

From Dutch cobra, from Portuguese cobra, from Latin colubra (“snake”).

venomous snake from certain genera of the family Elapidae, especially of the genus Naja

(zoology) cobra:
especially Indian cobra (Naja naja)


Andreas

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀνδρέᾱς (Andréās).

lbor

a male given name from Ancient Greek, equivalent to English Andrew


fotograf

* From Dutch fotograaf.
* Semantic loan from English photograph for photo sense.

photograph: a picture created by projecting an image onto a photosensitive surface such as a chemically treated plate or film, CCD receptor, etc


pes

From Dutch pest, from Middle French peste (whence French peste), ultimately from Latin pestis.


politik

From Malay politik, from Dutch politiek (“politics”), from French politique, from Ancient Greek πολιτική (politikḗ, “relating to the state; politics”), πόλις (pólis, “city, state”). By analogy with Aristotle’s "τα πολιτικά" ('affairs of state').

der

(politics) a methodology and activities associated with running a government, an organization, or a movement

political maneuvers or diplomacy between people, groups, or organizations, especially involving power, influence or conflict


pal

From Dutch paal (“pole”), from Middle Dutch pâel, from Old Dutch pāl, from Latin pālus. Semantic loan from Dutch mijlpaal (“milestone”).

sl

milestone, one of a series of numbered markers placed along a road at regular intervals, typically at the side of the road or in a median


saga

From Malay saga, from Proto-Malayic *saga, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saga.

Abrus precatorius
Abrus precatorius#Translingual


matematika

matématika (canonical)
matematika-matematika (plural)

Either from Dutch mathematica or a learned borrowing from Latin, from Latin mathematica, from Ancient Greek μαθηματικός (mathēmatikós, “mathematical”).


visum

From Dutch visum, from Latin visum (“something seen”).

(rare) visa: a permit to enter and leave a country, normally issued by the authorities of the country to be visited

visum et repertum
visum et repertum#Indonesian

(colloquial, medicine, law) short for visum et repertum (“coroner report/professional witness statement”, literally “seen and discovered”).


kudu

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese kuḍu (“bud”).


kudu

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">kudu</i>

red paint for coloring batik cloth, made from the roots or bark of the mengkudu tree


kudu

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦸꦢꦸ (kudu, “must”), from Old Javanese kudu, kĕdö (“set on; at all costs, by any means; unremittingly, insistently, obstinately, unavoidably”).


diameter

diamètêr (canonical)
diameter-diameter (plural)

From Dutch diameter, from French diamètre, from Latin diametrus, from Ancient Greek διάμετρος (diámetros).


disorder

id-noun

disordêr (countable and uncountable, plural disorder-disorder)

disordêr (canonical)
disorder-disorder (plural)

Borrowed from English disorder, from Middle English disordeine, from Old French desordainer, from Medieval Latin disordinare.

(medicine, uncommon) disorder (a physical or mental malfunction)


Arab

From Malay Arab, from Classical Malay عرب (Arab), from Arabic عَرَب (ʕarab).


Arab

Arabic, a major Semitic language originating from the Arabian peninsula


fez

Unadapted borrowing from French fez, from Ottoman Turkish فس (fes) (modern Turkish fes).

fez: a felt hat in the shape of a truncated cone, having a flat top with a tassel attached


pinta

Inherited from Malay pinta, from Javanese ꦥꦶꦤ꧀ꦠ (pinta), from Old Javanese pinta. Doublet of minta.


pastoral

Borrowed from Dutch pastoraal, from Old French pastoral, from Latin pāstōrālis

of or pertaining to shepherds or herders of other livestock

relating to rural life and scenes, in particular of poetry

relating to the care of souls, to the pastor of a church or to any local religious leader charged with the service of individual parishioners, i.e. a priest or rabbi


pastoral

a poem describing the life and manners of shepherds; a poem in which the speakers assume the character of shepherds; an idyll; a bucolic

a cantata relating to rural life; a composition for instruments characterized by simplicity and sweetness; a lyrical composition the subject of which is taken from rural life


senator

Borrowed from Dutch senator, from Latin senātor, ultimately from senex (“old”).

(government) a member, normally elected, in the house or chamber of a legislature called a senate, as, for instance, the legislatures of the United States and Canada

(historical) a member of the ancient Roman Senate

senator:
a member of the ancient Roman Senate

(historical) a member of a governing council in other states in the ancient world

a member of the ruler’s council or governing council in general, a leading statesman


venison

Borrowed from English venison, from Middle English venisoun, venesoun, from Anglo-Norman veneisun, venesoun, venesun (“meat of large game, particularly deer or boar; hunt”), from Latin vēnātiō, vēnātiōnem (“hunt; meat from a hunt”), formed on vēnātus, perfect participle of vēnor (“I hunt”).


ad nauseam

Unadapted borrowing from Latin ad nauseam


buldog

From Dutch buldog, from English bulldog.

a breed of dog developed in England by the crossing of the bullbaiting dog and the Pug to produce a ladies companion dog, with a very smooth coat, a flattened face, wrinkly cheeks, powerful front legs and smaller hind legs

a 5-shot traditional double-action revolver designed by Doug McClenahan and produced by Charter Arms


yo

(slang) yo (greeting, interjection similar to hey)


lima

From Malay lima, from Proto-Malayic *lima(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima, from Proto-Austronesian *lima.


cucu

cucu-cucu (plural)
tjoetjoe (alternative)
tjutju} (alternative)

From Malay cucu, from Proto-Malayic *cucuʔ, probably from duplication of Proto-Mon-Khmer *cuuʔ (“grandchild”).


opium

From Dutch opium, from Middle Dutch opium, from Latin opium, from Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion). Doublet of apiun.

opium: a yellow-brown, addictive narcotic drug obtained from the dried juice of unripe pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, and containing alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, and papaverine


dewa

From Malay dewa, from Sanskrit देव (deva, “god”).


modern

modèrn (canonical)
moden (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)
moderen (alternative)

From Dutch modern, from Middle French moderne, from Latin modernus, from modo (“just now”), originally ablative of modus (“measure”); hence, by measure, "just now". Doublet of mode, model, modul, and modus.


modern

modèrn (canonical)
modern-modern (plural)
moden (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)
moderen (alternative)


integral

Borrowed from Dutch integraal (“integral”), from French intégral, from Medieval Latin integrālis, from Latin integer (“entire”).

bor+

constituting a whole together with other parts or factors; not omittable or removable

(mathematics) relating to integration (“the process of finding the integral [noun] of a function”)


integral

intêgral (canonical)
integral-integral (plural)


judoka

From Japanese 柔道家 (じゅうどうか, jūdōka, “judo practitioner”).

bor

じゅうどうか, jūdōka


bandana

From English bandana, from Hindi बन्धन (bandhan, “he ties”), from Sanskrit बध्नाति (badhnāti, “he binds”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind, bond”).


inter-

From Dutch inter-, from Latin inter-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁entér (“between”). Doublet of antar-.


normal

head

normal (comparative lebih normal, superlative paling normal or ternormal, equative senormal)

lebih normal (comparative)
paling normal (superlative)
ternormal (superlative)
senormal (equative)

Borrowed from Dutch normaal, ultimately derived from Latin nōrmālis.

according to norms or rules or to a regular pattern

(usually of mental health) usual, healthy; not sick or ill


snorkel

snorkêl (canonical)
snorkel-snorkel (plural)

Borrowed from English snorkel, from German Schnorchel (“snorkel”).

a hollow tube, held in the mouth, or mounted on and opening into a diving mask, used by swimmers for breathing underwater

snort: a retractable tube fitted in diesel-engine submarines to allow sufficient ventilation that the engines may be used at periscope depth


pedis

Inherited from Malay pedis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapəjis. Doublet of pedih.


aperitif

apéritif (canonical)
aperitif-aperitif (plural)

From Dutch aperitief, from French apéritif (literally “opening”), from Medieval Latin aperītīvus (“opening”, adjective).


milieu

miliêu (canonical)
milieu-milieu (plural)


postel

Acronym of pos dan telekomunikasi (“post and telecommunication”).


dr.

Abbreviation of dokter (“doctor, physician”).


barik

From Malay barik, probably from Persian باریک (bârik, “penetrating”).

vein: a stripe or streak of a different colour or composition


bon mot

Borrowed from Dutch bon mot (“bon mot, witticism”), from French bon mot (literally “good word”).


flop

From Dutch flop, from English flop, perhaps a variant of flap. The sport sense is semantic loan from English.

flop (to strike about with something broad and flat, to rise and fall, to flap)


slot

From Dutch slot, from Middle Dutch slot, from Old Dutch *slot, from Proto-Germanic *slutą.

slot; lock (an implement for barring, bolting or locking)


slot

From English slot, from Old French esclot, likely from Old Norse slóð (“track”).

slot (a narrow depression, perforation, or aperture)

slot (a period of time or position within a schedule or sequence)

(computing) slot (a space in memory or on disk)

(gambling) Clipping of mesin slot (“slot, slot machine”)


siap

From Malay siap, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *srap (“ready, prepared”) (compare Khmer ស្រាប់ (srap, “ready”) and Vietnamese sắp. Compare to Japanese 気(き)を付(つ)け (kiotsuke, “attention”) and Malay sedia for military command.


siap

(military) Used as a command to bring soldiers to the attention position


siap

abbreviation of sisa anggaran pembangunan (“unspend development fund”).


timpal

timpal (root)
menimpali (active)
ditimpali (passive)
timpali
timpalilah

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">timpal</i>

(imperative, colloquial) imperative colloquial of menimpali


timpal

Borrowed from Javanese ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦥꦭ꧀ (timpal, “to dispose of one's faeces on a leaf”).


timpal

Borrowed from Javanese ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦥꦭ꧀ (timpal, “gaping wound”), from Old Javanese timpal (“to torn off, to cut off”).


bina

From Malay bina, from Arabic بِنَاء (bināʔ, “building; construction (act of)”).

(transitive) to build (nonphysical object)

Banyak karakter keteladanan yang diajarkan melalui organisasi tersebut sehingga bagi seorang anggota pramuka, keteladanaan harus dimaknai dengan selalu bina diri, bina satuan dan bina masyarakat.

2017 September 12, Kiye Lakone, “Memaknai Keteladanan [To Define An Exemplar]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2019-07-12:

Many characteristics of an exemplar were taught through that organization until a scout member must be able to define an exemplar by always developing oneself, developing oneness and developing the community.

(transitive) to develop and improve on something


bin

From Malay bin,
from Classical Malay bin, from Arabic بِن (bin, “son”).


ninja

(historical) ninja, a person trained in ninjutsu, especially one used for espionage, assassination, and other tasks requiring stealth during Japan's shogunate period

unidentified assassin with black clothes and mask


plot

From Dutch plot, from English plot, from Middle English plot, plotte, from Old English plot (“a plot of ground”), from Proto-Germanic *plataz, *platjaz (“a patch”), of uncertain origin.


absolut

Borrowed from Dutch absoluut, from Latin absolūtus.

unconditional: free of restrictions, limitations, qualifications or conditions


acar

From Malay acar, from Classical Malay اچر (acar), from Classical Persian آچار (āčār, “pickle, marinade”). Doublet of acara, acarya, ajar, and hajar.


station

(obstetrics) station (the position of the foetal head in relation to the distance from the ischial spines, measured in centimetres)


aba-aba

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦧꦲꦧ (aba-aba, “verbal command”).


aba-aba

head

aba-aba (active mengaba-aba, passive diaba-aba)

mengaba-aba (active)
diaba-aba (passive)

(transitive) to command (to order, give orders; to compel or direct with authority)


aksara

From Malay aksara, from Sanskrit अक्षर (akṣara, “syllable, letter”).

der

aksara Tionghoa

aksara Sunda

(of a writing system) Synonym of huruf (“letter”)


pawana

Inherited from Malay pawana, from Sanskrit पवन (pavana).


monyet

From Malay monyet, from Proto-Malayic *muñit.


misa

From Malay misa, borrowed from Portuguese missa (“mass”), from Old Galician-Portuguese missa, from Late Latin missa (“mass”), from Latin mittō (“I send”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- (“to exchange, remove”). Doublet of mes.


moga

Inherited from Malay moga, from Old Javanese moga, amoga, amogha (“and hence it happened”), probably from Sanskrit अमोघ, अमोघा (amogha, amoghā, “succeeding”).


cabai

cabai-cabai (plural)
cabe (alternative colloquial)
tjabai (alternative)
tjabe (alternative)

From Malay cabai, from Old Javanese cabe, cabya, cawya, cawi (“pepper”), from Sanskrit चव्य, चवि (cavya, cavi, “Piper chaba”).

chili: the pungent, spicy fresh or dried fruit of any of several cultivated varieties of capsicum peppers, used in cooking

chili pepper: any fruit of a plant of the botanical genus Capsicum, which has a spicy/burning flavour because it contains capsaicin


cabai

flowerpecker (any member of the family Dicaeidae of passerine birds, many of which feed on nectar)


lada

Inherited from Malay lada, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lajaq or *laja.
* Semantic loan from Minangkabau lado (“chili pepper”) whether through first contact in progenitor Malay dialects or later post-independence.


-an

From Malay -an, from Proto-Malayic *-an, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-an, from Proto-Austronesian *-an.

laut (“sea”) + -an → lautan (“ocean”)

pangkal (“origin”) + -an → pangkalan (“base”)

ribu (“thousand”) + -an → ribuan

kilo (“kilo”) + -an → kiloan

added to a noun
suffix for measurement result; -s

ratus (“hundred”) + -an → ratusan (“hundreds”)

(colloquial) -s; suffix for quantity (about value)

added to a noun
-s; suffix for quantity (about value)

hari (“day”) + -an → harian (“daily”)

-ly, specifying time intervals, having the sense of "occurring at such intervals"

makan (“to eat”) + -an → makanan (“food”)

added to a verb to create a noun
suffix for object

kubur (“to bury”) + -an → kuburan (“grave”)

added to a verb to create a noun
suffix for place

didik (“to educate”) + -an → didikan

added to a verb to create a noun
suffix for result

timbang (“to weigh”) + -an → timbangan (“balance”)

added to a verb to create a noun
suffix for tool

pimpin (“to lead”) + -an → pimpinan (“leader”)

added to a verb to create a noun
suffix for way or method

asin (“salty”) + -an → asinan (“pickle”)

added to an adjective to create a noun
suffix for having property

tinggi (“high”) + -an → tinggian (“higher”)

(colloquial) suffix for intensity (quality or quantity)


-an

sepeda (“bicycle”) + -an → sepedaan (“to ride a bicycle”)

verb-forming
(colloquial) to use of [base]

selamat (“safe”) + -an → selamatan (“to celebrate with offerings to the spirits to assure safety”)

rujak (“a kind of salad”) + -an → rujakan (“to have rujak to be eaten or made”)

verb-forming
(colloquial) to hold or to have [base]

sendiri (“alone”) + -an → sendirian (“by oneself”)

(colloquial) to do as indicated by the [base]

sekolah (“school”) + -an → sekolahan (“school complex”)

noun-forming
(colloquial) the location of [base]

becak (“rickshaw”) + -an → becakan (“rickshaw fare”)

noun-forming
(colloquial) the cost of [base]

sepeda (“bicycle”) + -an → sepedaan (“bicycle-riding”)

selamat (“safe”) + -an → selamatan (“celebration with offerings to the spirits to assure safety”)

rujak (“a kind of salad”) + -an → rujakan (“rujak eating or production”)

susu (“milk”) + -an → susuan (“breast-feeding period”)

noun-forming
(colloquial) event of [base]


-an

Semantic loan from Javanese -ꦲꦼꦤ꧀ (-en).

koreng (“ulcer”) + -an → korengan (“serious infection disease”)

uban (“grey hair”) + -an → ubanan (“grey haired condition”)


editor

èditor (canonical)
editor-editor (plural)

From English editor, from Medieval Latin ēditor, from Late Latin ēditor, from ēditus, perfect passive participle of ēdō (“give out, put forth, publish”).

a person at a newspaper, publisher or similar institution who edits stories and/or decides which ones to publish

(computing) a program for creating and making changes to files, especially text files


singa

→ Nalca: singa

From Malay singa, from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá, “lion”).


teh

From Malay teh (“tea”), from Hokkien 茶 (tê).

Camellia sinensis
Camellia sinensis#Translingual


belerang

bêlérang (canonical)
belerang-belerang (plural)


material

matérial (canonical)
material-material (plural)

From Dutch materiaal. Doublet of materiel.

material (matter which may be shaped or manipulated, particularly in making something)


-in

head

-in (non-active/imperative/basic -in, active nge- -in, passive di- -in)

tlb

(colloquial, dialectal, originally Jakarta)

Borrowed from Betawi -in, from Balinese -in.

beli (“to buy”) → beliin (“to buy (for)”)

bikin (“to make”) → bikinin (“to make (for)”)

used to form benefactive aspect on a verb

liat (“to see”) → liatin (“to look”)

denger (“to hear”) → dengerin (“to listen”)

besar (“big”) → besarin (“to make big; to enlarge; to raise”)

panjang (“long”) → panjangin (“to make long; to extend”)

naik (“to go up”) (intransitive) → naikin (“to go up”) (transitive)

ketawa (“to laugh”) → ketawain (“to laugh at”)


gema

(physics) a reflected sound that is heard again by its initial observer

(physics) an utterance repeating what has just been said


geta

From Malay geta, from Classical Persian کت (kat, “throne”).


eke

From informal Dutch ikke (standard Dutch ik), from Middle Dutch ic, from Old Dutch ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare to Afrikaans ek. Doublet of ego.

(colloquial, dated) I: The speaker or writer, referred to as the grammatical subject, of a sentence


bea

béa (canonical)
bea-bea (plural)
bia (alternative)
beja (alternative)

zh-l

傌仔／㐷仔 (bé-á)

→ Min Nan: 傌仔／㐷仔 (bé-á)

Inherited from Malay bea, from Javanese ꦧꦺꦪ (béya), from Old Javanese beya, from Sanskrit व्यय (vyaya). Doublet of biaya.
* Displaced Dutch recht (“a formal fee, custom, duty to be paid”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

sl

(law, government) customs: the duties or taxes imposed on imported or exported goods


bandar

From Malay bandar (“harbour, port”), from Persian بندر (bandar, “port, harbour”).

(chiefly dialectal) Synonym of pelabuhan (“harbour, port”)

(chiefly dialectal, Sumatra) coastal town


bandar

id-noun

bandar (plural bandar-bandar or para bandar)

bandar-bandar (plural)
para bandar (plural)

Semantic loan from Javanese ꦧꦤ꧀ꦢꦂ (bandar).

sl

bookmaker, bookie: a person (or a business) who calculates odds and accepts bets

croupier, banker: the person who collects bets and pays out winnings at a gambling table

bandar narkoba

(usually in negative sense) dealer of something


bandar

bandar-bandar (plural)
bêndar (alternative)


kamikaze

Borrowed from Japanese 神風(かみかぜ) (kamikaze, “divine wind”).

the typhoons that saved Japan from invasion, divine wind

a kamikaze, a suicide pilot in World War Two


loyal

Borrowed from Dutch loyaal (“loyal”), from Middle Dutch loyael, from Old French loyal, from Latin lēgālis. Doublet of legal.


pala

Inherited from Malay pala, from Sanskrit फल (phala). Doublet of pahala.

Myristica fragrans
Myristica fragrans#Translingual


pala

Borrowed from Italian palla, from Latin palla, of uncertain origin.

(Catholicism) a cloth used to cover a chalice during services


matra

From Sanskrit मात्रा (mātrā, “measure”). Doublet of meter.
* Displaced Dutch dimensie (“dimension”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

matra,
(music) a measure of cadence pressure

(poetic) a measure of the length of a syllable; equivalent to mora


target

targèt (canonical)
target-target (plural)


level

From English level, from Middle English level, from Old French livel, liveau m, later nivel, niveau, from Latin libella f (“a balance, a level”), diminutive of libra f (“a balance, a level”).


transfer

head

transfêr (active mentransfer, passive ditransfer)

transfêr (canonical)
mentransfer (active)
ditransfer (passive)

Borrowed from English transfer, from Latin trānsferō (“I bear across”).


transfer

transfêr (canonical)
transfer-transfer (plural)

(sports) transfer (the action taken whenever a player under contract moves between clubs)


spada

Blend of siapa + ada, literally “who's here”.

blend

(slang, dialectal) an interjection to call out someone when coming or visiting someone's house; "is anybody home?"


bakat

Inherited from Malay bakat. Compare Tagalog bakat.

talent:
a marked natural ability or skill

talent:
a desire or inclination for something


limit

Internationalism, from Dutch limiet, from Middle Dutch limiten, from Old French limite, from Latin līmes.

the final, utmost, or furthest point; the border or edge

(Standard Malay)

(mathematics) a value to which a sequence converges. Equivalently, the common value of the upper limit and the lower limit of a sequence: if the upper and lower limits are different, then the sequence has no limit (i.e., does not converge)


studio

From Dutch studio, from English studio, from Italian studio (“room for study”), from Latin studium. Doublet of etude and studi.

an artist’s or photographer’s workshop or the room in which an artist works

a place where radio or television programs, records or films are made


basil

From Dutch bacil, from French bacille, from German Bazillus or translingual Bacillus, coined by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg.


basil

From English basil, from Old French basile, from Medieval Latin basilicum, from Ancient Greek βασιλικόν (basilikón, “royal”), from βασιλεύς (basileús, “king”).

der

Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum basilicum#Translingual


manja

From Malay manja, ultimately from Sanskrit [Term?].


model

Borrowed from Dutch model. Doublet of mode, modern, modul, and modus.

dbt

model (a person who serves as a human template for artwork or fashion)


model

(cooking) a type of pempek filled with tofu and eaten with clear sauce like soup


en route

Internationalism, borrowed from French en route.


bayonet

From Dutch bajonet, from French baïonnette.

(military) a pointed instrument of the dagger kind fitted on the muzzle of a musket or rifle, so as to give the soldier increased means of offence and defence. Originally, the bayonet was made with a handle, which needed to be fitted into the bore of the musket after the soldier had fired

(engineering) a pin which plays in and out of holes made to receive it, and which thus serves to engage or disengage parts of the machinery


primer

primèr (canonical)
primair (alternative)

From Dutch primair, from French primaire, from Latin prīmārius.

primary:
first or earliest in a group or series

main; principal; chief; placed ahead of others


guru

guru-guru (plural)
para guru (plural)
goeroe (alternative)

From Malay guru, ultimately Sanskrit गुरु (gurú, “guru, teacher, sage”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *gr̥Húṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Húš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂ús (“heavy”). Doublet of brutal and bruto.

der

(education) teacher: a person who teaches, especially one employed in a school

specifically, graduate of teacher professional education

guru: a spiritual teacher who transmits knowledge to a shishya


magnet

magnet-magnet (plural)
maknit (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Dutch magneet, from Middle Dutch magneet, from older magnes, from Latin magnēs, from Ancient Greek μαγνήτης λίθος (magnḗtēs líthos).

μαγνήτης λίθος

(electromagnetism) a piece of material that attracts some metals by magnetism


yen

From the influence of earlier Portuguese romanizations, of Japanese 圓 (“round; a round object”) as ye or yen, now 円 (en), from Chinese 銀圓 /银圆 (yínyuán, “round silver object(s), especially a piece of eight”): 銀 /银 (yín, “silver”) + 圓 /圆 (yuán, “circular, round; yuan, yen, dollar”). Cognate with Chinese 元 (yuán, “monetary unit, especially RMB”) and Korean 원 (won, “North or South Korean won”).

cog

yen, the unit of Japanese currency (symbol: ¥) since 1871, divided into 100 sen


-si

From Dutch -tie, from Latin -tiō. Cognate to Afrikaans -sie.


mantra

mantra-mantra (plural)
mantera (alternative proscribed)
mantram (alternative proscribed rare)

spell (a formula supposed to have magical powers)


DIY

Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta#Indonesian

Initialism of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.


pastor

pastor-pastor (plural)
pastur (alternative)

From Dutch pastoor, from Middle Dutch pastōor, from Latin pāstor, from pāscō (“to feed, maintain, pasture, graze”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”).

der

(Christianity, Roman Catholicism) parish priest


malaria

From Dutch malaria, from Italian malaria, formed from mal- (“bad”) and aria (“air”).

(pathology, medicine) malaria, a disease spread by mosquito, in which a protozoan, Plasmodium, multiplies in blood every few days.


laki

From Malay laki, from Classical Malay [Term?], from Old Malay lāki, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laki, from Proto-Austronesian *laki.


region

From English region, from Middle English regioun, from Anglo-Norman regiun, from Latin regiō, from regō. Doublet of regio.

region: an administrative subdivision of a city, a territory, a country


hidrogen

* From Malay hidrogen, from English hydrogen
* From Dutch hydrogenium, from New Latin hydrogenium
Both from French hydrogène, from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) + γεννάω (gennáō).


bong

From Hokkien 墓 (bōng, “grave; tomb”). Compare Khmer ម៉ុង (mong).


bong

From Javanese ꦧꦺꦴꦁ (bong, “person other than a doctor who performs a circumcision”). Doublet of orang and wong.

bor

traditional circumcisor (person who carries out circumcision)


bong

From Sanskrit भङ्ग (bhaṅga). Compare with Thai บ้อง (bɔ̂ng, “a marijuana pipe”).


master

id-noun

mastêr (plural master-master or para master)

mastêr (canonical)
master-master (plural)
para master (plural)

From Dutch master. Doublet of maestro, magister, and mester.

doublet

master (someone who has control over something or someone)

master (the original of a document or of a recording)

(education) master (a type of postgraduate degree, usually undertaken after a bachelor degree)


master

head

mastêr (active memaster, passive dimaster)

mastêr (canonical)
memaster (active)
dimaster (passive)


superior

superior: a person of higher rank or quality, especially a colleague in a higher position.

the senior person in a monastic community.

the head of certain religious institutions and colleges.


superior

(anatomy) located above or higher, a direction that in humans corresponds to cephalad.


lateral

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch lateraal, from French latéral, from Latin laterālis.

to the side; of or pertaining to the side

(phonetics, phonology) pertaining to speech sounds generated by partially blocking the egress of the airstream with the tongue, leaving space on one or both sides of the occlusion for air passage


lateral

latêral (canonical)
lateral-lateral (plural)

(anatomy) an object, such as a passage or a protrusion, that is situated on the side of something else

(phonetics, phonology) a sound produced through lateral pronunciation (such as /l/ in lateral)


eureka

Unadapted borrowing from Ancient Greek εὕρηκα (heúrēka, “I have found”), perfect active indicative 1st singular of εὑρίσκω (heurískō, “I find”).


akustik

From Dutch akoestiek (“acoustics”), from French acoustique, which coined by the physicist Joseph Sauveur (1653–1716) from Ancient Greek ἀκουστικός (akoustikós), from ἀκούω (akoúō, “hear”).

acoustics: quality of a space (such as absorption and echo-effects) for hearing music and other sounds


akustik

acoustic: pertaining to the sense of hearing, the organs of hearing, or the science of sounds


kuna

Alternative spelling of kuno (“ancient”)


kuna

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian kúna/ку́на.

kuna: the former (until 2023) currency of Croatia, divided into 100 lipa


terima kasih

From terima (“receive”) + kasih (“care”), from Malay terima kasih.

makasih (alternative colloquial informal)
terimakasih (alternative nonstandard)
trims (alternative)
trm ksh (alternative Internet)

(formal) thank you (an expression of gratitude)


panel

berpanel

panelled, having a panel; having a board

panel (an usually rectangular section of a surface; a plain strip or band)

(comics) panel (an individual frame or drawing in a comic)

panel (a group of people gathered to judge, interview, discuss etc.)

board (a device containing electrical switches and other controls)


bon voyage

Unadapted borrowing from French bon voyage (“bon voyage”)

bon voyage, have a good journey, have a good trip


semen

sèmèn (canonical)
semen-semen (plural)
sémen (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

Learned borrowing from Latin sēmen (“semen, seed”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow; plant”).

der

(medicine) semen, the fluid, produced in male reproductive organs of an animal, that contains the reproductive cells


semen

sêmèn (canonical)
semen-semen (plural)
simen (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)
simentum (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

Borrowed from Dutch cement (“cement”), from Old French ciment, from Latin caementum (“quarry stone; stone chips for making mortar”), from caedō (“I cut, hew”). Cognate with Afrikaans sement (“cement”). The sense “cementum” is a semantic loan from English cement.

(construction material) a powdered substance produced by firing (calcining) calcium carbonate (limestone) and clay that develops strong cohesive properties when mixed with water. The main ingredient of concrete.

(figurative) any material with strong adhesive and cohesive properties such as binding agents, glues, grout.

(anatomy, dentistry) cementum: the layer of bone investing the root and neck of a tooth


semen

(fashion) batik pattern depicting a garuda with two wings, a tail, and a mountain, generally dark blue with a gold pattern


bonsai

id-noun

bonsai (countable and uncountable, plural bonsai-bonsai)

bonsai-bonsai (plural)
bongsai (alternative)

From Japanese 盆栽(ぼんさい) (bonsai), from Middle Chinese 盆 (MC bwon, “bowl”) + 栽 (MC tsoj|dzojH, “to plant”).

a tree or plant that has been miniaturized by planting it in a small pot, restricting its roots, and by careful pruning

the art of planting and growing trees or plants in such a manner


futon

From Japanese 布団(ふとん) (futon), 布團(ふとん) (futon), from Middle Chinese 蒲團 (bu-dwan, “meditation cushion”) (compare Mandarin 蒲团 (pútuán)), from 蒲 (bu, “cattail”) + 團 (dwan, “sphere, round object”).

bor

futon (a Japanese-style mattress or duvet)


bira

Alocasia macrorrhizos
Alocasia macrorrhizos#Translingual

giant taro, elephant ear taro (Alocasia macrorrhizos)


Yahudi

From Malay Yahudi, from Arabic يَهُودِيّ (yahūdiyy).


hentai

From English hentai, a semantic shift from Japanese 変態(へんたい) (hentai, “pervert”).


imam

Inherited from Malay امام (imam), from Arabic إمام (ʔimām, “leader, imam”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">imam</i>


bor

Borrowed from English board, from Proto-West Germanic *bord, from Proto-Germanic *burdą (“board; plank; table”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerdʰ- (“to cut”).


poligon

Borrowed from Dutch polygoon (“polygon”), from French polygone, from Latin polygōnum, from Ancient Greek πολύγωνον (polúgōnon).


paragraf

From Dutch paragraaf (“paragraph”), from Middle French paragraphe, from Latin paragraphus (“sign for start of a new section of discourse”), from Ancient Greek παράγραφος (parágraphos), from παρά (pará, “beside”) and γράφω (gráphō, “I write”).


alfabet

From Dutch alfabet, from Late Latin alphabētum, from Ancient Greek ἀλφάβητος (alphábētos).

alphabet (an ordered set of letters used in a language)


surat

→ Tetum: surat

From Malay surat, from Proto-Malayic *surat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat (“to carve, to incise”).


surat

(Islam) alternative form of surah (“sura”)


emas

id-noun

êmas (countable and uncountable, plural emas-emas)

êmas (canonical)
emas-emas (plural)
mas (alternative colloquial)

Inherited from Malay emas. See there for further etymology.

(dialectal) a unit of mass about 2.5 gram for gold


senang

From Malay senang (“easy”). The senses of happy, content, pleased, and loved are semantic loan from Betawi senang (“happy, pleased”) or semantic loan from Javanese ꦱꦼꦤꦼꦁ (seneng, “happy, glad, pleased; like”), the cognate in Javanese.

sl

Senang bertemu denganmu.


pilar

From Dutch pilaar, from Medieval Latin pīlāre, from Latin pīla (“a pillar”).

(architecture) a large post, often used as supporting architecture

(figurative) an essential part of something that provides support

(nautical) mast: a tall, slim post or tower, usually tapering upward, used to support, for example, the sails on a ship, flags, floodlights, meteorological instruments, or communications equipment such as an aerial, usually supported by guy-wires


alum

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦭꦸꦩ꧀ (alum, “not shining, wilted; weak; almost healed”), from Old Javanese alum, alūm, alöm (“withered”).


alum

coir for washing kitchen utensils, made from synthetic fibers with a rough texture


anode

anodê (canonical)
anode-anode (plural)
انود (alternative)
anoda (alternative)

From Dutch anode, from English anode, from Ancient Greek ἀνα- (ana-, “up”) and ὁδός (hodós, “path”), forming the New Greek compound ἄνοδος (ánodos).


aorta

From Dutch aorta, from Latin aorta, from Ancient Greek ἀορτή (aortḗ, “the arteries springing from the heart”).

(anatomy) aorta: the great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system


atrium

From Dutch atrium, from Latin ātrium (“entry hall”), from Etruscan.

(architecture) a central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings

atrium:
(anatomy) cavity, entrance, or passage

(anatomy) one of two upper chambers of the heart

atrium:
one of two upper chambers of the heart


audit

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch audit, from Latin audītus, audiō (“I hear”).


Babel

From Dutch Babel, from Middle Dutch babel, from Latin Babel, from Biblical Hebrew בָּבֶל (bāḇel, “Babylon”), from Akkadian 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 (Bābilim).


Babel

Kepulauan Bangka Belitung
Kepulauan Bangka Belitung#Indonesian

Abbreviation of Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (“Bangka Belitung Islands”).


basal

basal-basal (plural)
basalt (alternative)

From Dutch basalt, from French basalte, from Middle French basalte, from Late Latin basaltes, a misspelling of Latin basanites, from Ancient Greek βασανίτης (basanítēs), from βάσανος (básanos, “touchstone”), from Egyptian bḫn (“a hard stone”).

(geology) basalt: a hard mafic igneous rock of varied mineral content; volcanic in origin, which makes up much of the Earth's oceanic crust


basal

From Malay basal (“dropsy”), from Arabic بَصَل (baṣal, “onion, bulb”).


basal

basic, elementary; relating to, or forming, the base, or point of origin

(anatomy, histology) associated with the base of an organism or structure

(medicine) of a minimal level that is necessary for maintaining the health or life of an organism


basal

basal:
(anatomy) any basal structure or part


bates

(colloquial, dialectal, chiefly Java) Alternative form of batas


baton

Borrowed from Dutch baton, from French bâton (“stick”).

(music) baton: the stick of a conductor in musical performances


baton

a dowry or gift given at a ceremony to propose to a girl

the edges of the halls are made of whole bamboo or wooden blocks


baton

bintara peleton
bintara peleton#Indonesian


bezel

(computing) bezel: the area on the front of a computing device surrounding the display


boa

From Dutch boa, from Middle Dutch boa, from Latin boa.


buret

(chemistry) burette: a glass tube with fine gradations and a stopcock at the bottom, used in laboratory procedures for accurate fluid dispensing and titration


cam

From Malay cam, from Sanskrit [Term?]. Compare Urak Lawoi' จับ (cap, “to remember”).

(only with a negative) to be interested; to be taken by


batik

From Javanese bathik (ꦧꦛꦶꦏ꧀), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bətik (“tattoo”), from Proto-Austronesian *bəCik.

batio (a wax-resist method of dyeing fabric)

batik (a texture-picture drawing on a textile material by using wax)


batik

head

batik (active membatik, passive dibatik)

(ambitransitive) to batik (to dye using the wax-resist method)


diode

diodê (canonical)
diode-diode (plural)
diod (alternative)
dioda (alternative)


distal

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch distaal.

(anatomy, geology) remote from the point of attachment or origin.

(dentistry) facing the wisdom tooth or temporomandibular joint on the same side of the jaw.

(linguistics) far or farther from the speaker.


gala

From Dutch gala (“ball”), from French gala, from Spanish gala, from Old Spanish gala, from Old French gale (“rejoicing”). Ultimately cognate to gallant and hence probably from Frankish *wala (“good, well”).


geyser

geysêr (canonical)
geyser-geyser (plural)

(geology, proscribed) Alternative form of geiser (“geyser”)


haiku

Borrowed from Japanese 俳(はい)句(く) (haiku), from Middle Chinese 俳 (bˠɛi, “paralleled [writing]”) + 句 (kɨoᴴ, “line”).


junta

junta-junta (plural)
yunta (alternative)

(politics) junta: a council, convention, tribunal or assembly; the ruling council of a military dictatorship


labial

Borrowed from Dutch labiaal, from French labial, from Medieval Latin labiālis (“of or pertaining to the lips”).

(linguistics, phonetics) articulated by the lips, as the consonants b, m and w


lavabo

a ritual involving the washing of one's hands at a church's offertory before handling the Eucharist

the small towel used to dry the priest's hands following the ritual

a washbasin, the one in a church used in the ritual


lien

Kista pada lien dibagi menjadi dua yaitu kista primer dan kista sekunder.

Pengukuran densitas lien dilakukan pada CT abdomen sebelum dan sesudah pemberian bahan kontras.


lop

From Dutch loop, from Middle Dutch lôop, from Old Dutch *lōp.


morel

Borrowed from Dutch moreel (“moral”), from French moral.


motif

From Dutch motief, from Middle Dutch motijf, from Old French motif (Modern French motif), from Late Latin mōtivus.

a recurring or dominant element; an artistic theme

(music, literature) a short melodic or lyrical passage that is repeated in several parts of a work

(law) motive (something which causes someone to want to commit a crime; a reason for criminal behaviour)


neural

(biology) of, or relating to the nerves, neurons or the nervous system

(computing) modelled on the arrangement of neurons in the brain


pas

Borrowed from Dutch passend, pas, from Middle Dutch pas, passen, from Old French pas, from Latin passus, pandere (“to spread, unfold, stretch”), from Proto-Indo-European *patno-, *pete- (“to spread, stretch out”).
* Sense of "to pass, to achieve a successful outcome from" is semantic loan from Malay pas or English pass which both are cognate of above.

pass, permission or license to pass, or to go and come


pas

head

pas (comparative lebih pas, superlative paling pas)

lebih pas (comparative)
paling pas (superlative)


pas

(uncommon) to pass, to achieve a successful outcome from


pas

Possibly borrowed and adapted from Dutch pas, a deverbal from passen, from Middle Dutch passen, from pas, from Old French pas, from Latin passus. Therefore related to etymology 1.

Vaksinasi booster untuk perjalanan naik pesawat pas hari H keberangkatan, boleh atau tidak?

2022 July 16, Fitri Haryanti Harsono, “Traveling Naik Pesawat Mulai 17 Juli 2022, Bolehkah Booster Pas Hari H Berangkat?”, in Liputan 6:

Can booster vaccinations for plane travels be taken (precisely) on the day of the departure, or not?

(colloquial, nonstandard) only, not until, not any sooner

"[…] Kebetulan saja program ini bertepatan pas mau pemilu atau pileg dan pilpres," kata Afriansyah saat dihubungi, Senin (26/2/2024).

2024 February 26, Nirmala Maulana Achmad, Ihsanuddin, “TKN: Kebetulan Program Bansos Pas Mau Pemilu, Kebaikan Pak Jokowi Berdampak ke Prabowo-Gibran”, in Kompas:

" […] It is only coincidental that the program coincides with the time that the general elections, or when the legislative and presidential elections were starting," as Afriansyah remarked during our correspondence, Monday (02/26/2024).

(colloquial, nonstandard) when, at the time of


pas

(colloquial, nonstandard) during, at the time of


pion

→ Malay: pion

From Dutch pion (“pawn”), from French pion, from Old French peon, poon, paon, from Late Latin pedō, pedōnem (“footsoldier”), from Latin pēs, pedem (“foot”). Doublet of piung.


pol

From Dutch vol, from Middle Dutch vol, from Old Dutch fol, ful, from Proto-Germanic *fullaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós.


pol

From English poll or Dutch poll, from Proto-Germanic *pullaz (“round object, head, top”), from Proto-Indo-European *bolno-, *bōwl- (“orb, round object, bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“to blow, swell”).


pomade

pomade (thick waxy substance used to style hair)


rondo

From Italian rondo, from French rondeau. Doublet of raun, ronda, and ronde.

(music) rondo: a musical composition, commonly of a lively, cheerful character, in which the first strain recurs after each of the other strains


sen

→ Min Nan: 占, 仙.

From Dutch cent, from Old French cent (“hundred”), from Latin centum, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Dengan redenominasi, Bank Indonesia membangkitkan kembali penggunaan uang sen di tengah masyarakat.

With the redenomination, Bank Indonesia revives the usage of cents amongst the general population.


serum

Borrowed from Dutch serum (“serum”), from Latin serum.

(hematology) the clear yellowish liquid obtained upon separating whole blood into its solid and liquid components after it has been allowed to clot

(immunology) blood serum from the tissues of immunized animals, containing antibodies and used to transfer immunity to another individual

a watery liquid from animal tissue, especially one that moistens the surface of serous membranes or that is exuded by such membranes when they become inflamed, such as in edema or a blister

(skincare) a skincare product of varying consistencies with a high concentration of one or more active ingredients, for a targeted purpose, such as preventing acne, repairing sun damage, or moisturizing


serum

acronym of serangan umum (“general offensive”).


sial

From Malay sial, from Classical Malay sial.


sial

Blend of silika + alumina, borrowed from English sial.


sial

women's headdress, made of gold, worn during parties or traditional events


sima

sima-sima (plural)
silika magnesia (alternative)

Blend of silika + magnesia, borrowed from English sima (“lower layer of Earth's outer crust”).

bor+

(geology) sima: The lower layer of the earth's outer crust that underlies the sial and is rich in silica, iron, and magnesium


sima

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese sīma, from Sanskrit सीमा (sīmā, “limit, bounds, frontier”).

der

(archaeology) territory that is made or has a holy place and is exempt from taxes


sima

to give food to toddlers by chewing them first


soma

Learned borrowing from New Latin, from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma, “body”).

(anatomy) the whole axial portion of an animal, including the head, neck, trunk, and tail.

(biology) the body of an organism in contrast to the germ cells.

(cytology) the bulbous part of a neuron, containing the cell nucleus.


tapa

From Minangkabau, from Sanskrit तप (tapa).


tapis

From Malay tapis (“to filter; to sieve; to censor”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tapis (“loincloth; to skim; to filter”). Doublet of tepis (“to counter, to skim”).
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦠꦥꦶꦱ꧀ (tapis, “thoroughly; completely”) for sense of adroit, deft, nimble and such, from Old Javanese tapis (“thin”), from the same Proto-Malayo-Polynesian word.
* Semantic loan from Lampung Api tapis for fabric, cloth, to cover, to weave and so on, from the same Proto-Malayo-Polynesian word. Cognate of Old Javanese tapih (“garment worn by women around the lower part”).

cog

a gold-embroidered woven fabric (usually worn by women)


taring

From Malay taring,
from Classical Malay taring.


tas

→ Ternate: tas

From Dutch tas, from Middle Dutch tassche, tasche, from Old Dutch *taska, from Frankish, from Proto-Germanic *taskǭ. Compare Old High German tasca (modern German Tasche), Middle Low German taske, English tasse.


troika

From Russian тро́йка (trójka, “a group of three”).

bor

(transport) troika: a Russian carriage drawn by a team of three horses abreast


valid

From English valid, from Middle French valide (“healthy, sound, in good order”), from Latin validus, from valeō (“I am strong, I am healthy, I am worth”) + -idus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“be strong”).


arbiter

arbitèr (canonical)
arbiter-arbiter (plural)


bait

Inherited from Malay bait, from Arabic بَيْت (bayt), from Proto-Semitic *bayt-.

home (house or structure in which someone lives)

(literature) couplet (a pair of lines in poetry)

(literature) stanza (a unit of a poem, often in the form of a paragraph)


bait

Borrowed from Malay bait, from English byte.

(nonstandard) Alternative spelling of bita


bonanza

Borrowed from Spanish bonanza (“calm sea, fair weather, good luck, rich lode”), from Medieval Latin bonacia (“fair weather”), a blend of bonus (“good”) + malacia (“calm sea”).

blend

bonanza, gold mine, lucky strike, sweet deal


cape

(colloquial, slang) alternative spelling of capek


caper

From blend of cari (“seeking”) + perhatian (“attention”), from calque of English attention-seeking.


diabetes

diabetês (canonical)
diabet (alternative colloquial uncommon)

Borrowed from Dutch diabetes, from Latin diabētēs (“siphon”), from Ancient Greek διαβήτης (diabḗtēs), Ancient Greek διαβαίνω (diabaínō, “to pass through”).

der

a general term referring to any of various disorders characterized by excessive urination (polyuria)

(pathology) diabetes mellitus, a medical disorder characterized by varying or persistent hyperglycemia


dispersal

(demography) the act or result of dispersing or scattering; dispersion


douche

Unadapted borrowing from French douche, from Italian doccia. Doublet of dus.

shower: an instance of using of bathing device in order to bathe oneself


elite

élite (canonical)
elite-elite (plural)
élit (alternative)


embargo

From Dutch embargo, from Spanish embargo or French embargo (itself from Spanish), from Spanish embargar (“to arrest”), from Latin in- + Vulgar Latin *barra.

an order by the government prohibiting ships from leaving port

embargo:
a ban on trade with another country

a temporary ban on making certain information public


fatal

Borrowed from Dutch fataal, from Middle French fatal, from Latin fātālis.

Near-synonym: nasib

(uncommon) fatal; proceeding from, or appointed by, fate or destiny, inevitable


fauna

From Dutch fauna, from New Latin fauna, from Latin Fauna, sister of Faunus (“god of forests and herdsmen”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₂w-.

(zoology) animals considered as a group; especially those of a particular country, region, time

(zoology) a book, cataloguing the animals of a country


fundamental

Borrowed from English fundamental, from Late Latin fundamentālis, from Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn.


gang

→ Min Nan: 澗 /涧 (kàn, “narrow street”)

From Dutch gang (“passageway, alley”), from Middle Dutch ganc, from Old Dutch gank, gang, from Proto-Germanic *gangaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰongʰ-o-s, from *ǵʰengʰ- (“to step; stride”). Doublet of geng.

gang buntu

alleyway, alley, narrow street. A narrow pathway bound by walls on both sides


gap

beating, the sound of action by which someone or something is beaten


gap

From English gap, from Middle English gap, gappe, a borrowing from Old Norse gap (“an empty space, gap, chasm”).

the disparity between communities with regard to life expectancy, education, health, etc.


hemoglobin

(hematology, physiology) hemoglobin: the iron-containing substance in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body; it consists of a protein (globulin), and haem (a porphyrin ring with an atom of iron at its centre).


lap

From Dutch lap, from Middle Dutch lap, lappe, from Old Dutch lap, from Proto-Germanic *lappa-, *lappô (“rag, cloth”), of uncertain origin, possibly Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“to hang loosely”).

rag (a piece of old cloth, especially one used for cleaning, patching, etc.)


lap

From English lap, from Middle English lappen (“to fold, wrap”) from earlier wlappen (“to fold, wrap”), from Old English *wlappan, *wlæppan, *wlappian (“to wrap”), from Proto-Germanic *wlapp-, *wrapp- (“to wrap, fold, roll up, turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to bend, turn”).

lap (the traversal of one length of the pool)


lorgnette

Unadapted borrowing from French lorgnette, lorgner (“to take a sidelong look at”) (from Middle French lorgne (“crosseyed”)).


lot

→ Balinese: ᬮᭀᬢ᭄ (lot, “lottery”)

From Dutch lot, from Proto-Germanic *hlutą.

(manufacturing) a separate portion; a number of things taken collectively


meiosis

Borrowed from English meiosis, from Ancient Greek μείωσις (meíōsis, “a lessening”).

der

(cytology) meiosis: cell division of a diploid cell into four haploid cells, which develop to produce gametes


mime

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch mime, from French mime, from Latin mimus, from Ancient Greek μῖμος (mîmos).


psalm

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch psalm, from Latin psalmus, from Ancient Greek ψαλμός (psalmós, “the sound emanating from twitching or twanging perhaps with the hands or fingers, mostly of musical strings”)


reserve

rêsérvê (canonical)
reserve-reserve (plural)
rizab (alternative)

From Dutch reserve, from Old French reserver.


siesta

sièsta (canonical)
siesta-siesta (plural)

Borrowed from Spanish siesta (“siesta, nap”), from Latin sexta (hora) (“sixth hour; noon”), feminine of sextus (“sixth”).

bor+

(countable) siesta (a nap, especially an afternoon one taken during the hottest part of the day in some cultures)


stadium

From Dutch stadium (“stadium, life stage; stage, phase”), from Latin stadium (“a measure of length, a race course”), from Ancient Greek στάδιον (stádion, “a measure of length, a running track”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-. Doublet of stadion.

der

(biology) stadium: a life stage of an organism

kanker payudara stadium IV


tang

From Dutch tang, from Middle Dutch tanghe, from Old Dutch tanga, from Proto-Germanic *tangō.


amnesia

amnésia (canonical)
amnesia-amnesia (plural)

From Ancient Greek ἀμνησία (amnēsía, “forgetfulness”), a noun derivation from μιμνήσκω (mimnḗskō, “to remind, to remember”).


taper

Borrowed from English taper, from Middle English taper, from Old English tapor (“taper, candle, wick of a lamp”), of uncertain origin.

(road transport) taper, a tapering form; gradual diminution of thickness and/or cross section in an elongated object

(pharmacology) taper; gradual reduction over time


formal

formal-formal (plural)
formil (alternative)


laksa

From Malay laksa, from Classical Malay لقسا (laksa), from Sanskrit लक्ष (lakṣa, “hundred thousand”).


laksa

From Malay laksa, possibly either:
* Classical Persian لاکچه (lākča, “pasta put into broth”)
* Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā, “red dye; lac”)
Compare Old Javanese lāka (“lac; red”).

laksa, a spicy stew from Indonesia or Malaysia


viral

(computing, virology) of or relating to virus; caused by a virus

(advertising, marketing, social media) circulated rapidly and widely from one user to another


batu

Inherited from Malay batu, from Proto-Malayic *batu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batu, from Proto-Austronesian *batu.
* For the sense of battery, compare Betawi batu (“stone, battery cell”), dialectal Chinese 電石／电石 (“battery”, literally “electric stone”), and Japanese 電石(エレクトレット) (erekutoretto, “electret”).
* For the sense of gemstone and agate, compare to Baba Malay batu (“gem”, literally “stone”) and Japanese 石(せき) (seki, counter for gemstones).

cog

an artificial jewel, especially one that is used to smooth the shafts of a watch

flint (a hard fine-grained quartz which generates sparks when struck)

milestone (one of a series of numbered markers placed along a road at regular intervals)


batu

(figurative) rocky, stony (not easily affected or impressed; obdurate; unfeeling)


batu

(chiefly obsolete) a classifier used for counting teeth and pawns


babi

→ Dutch: babi

From Malay babi, from Proto-Malayic *babi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babuy, from Proto-Austronesian *babuy. Doublet of bagong.

2023-05-03, Video by Amien Rais Official, youtube.com

We are not a dumb nation ruled by cruel leaders and then by greedy ones.

KITA BUKAN BANGSA "KAMBING" YANG RELA DIKUASAI OLEH PARA "SERIGALA" DAN AKHIRNYA PARA "BABI".

Aidit babi!

(vulgar) a contemptible person, a motherfucker


padi

Inherited from Malay padi, from Proto-Malayic *padi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pajay, from Proto-Austronesian *pajay.


pil

From Dutch pil (“pill”), from Middle Dutch pille, from Medieval Latin pilla, from Latin pilula, diminutive of pila (“ball”).

(medicine, pharmacy) pill: a small, usually round or cylindrical object designed for easy swallowing, usually containing some sort of medication


caisson

Unadapted borrowing from French caisson (“caisson”), from Old Occitan caisson, caissa.

ubor

(engineering) caisson: an enclosure from which water can be expelled, in order to give access to underwater areas for engineering works etc


alumni

Para alumni SMA ini sedang mengadakan reuni.

The alumni of this high school are having a reunion.

Pak Tarjo adalah alumni kami.


cetera

From Malay cetera (“parasol”), from Sanskrit छत्त्र (chattra). Doublet of cadar.


bonbon

From Dutch bonbon, from French bonbon, reduplication of bon (“good”), from Latin bonus.


mineral

minêral (canonical)
mineral-mineral (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch mineraal (“mineral”), from Old French mineral, (French minéral), from Medieval Latin minerale, from minera (“ore”), probably ultimately derived from Latin mina (“ore, mine”).

bor+

(biochemistry, nutrition, physiology) mineral, dietary mineral (any inorganic element that is essential to nutrition)


Türkiye

Unadapted borrowing from Turkish Türkiye.


FT

(education) Initialism of fakultas teknik.


paranoid

Internationalism, borrowed from English paranoid.


larghetto

Unadapted borrowing from Italian larghetto, diminutive of largo.


imperium

impérium (canonical)
imperium-imperium (plural)
émpayar (alternative)

From Dutch imperium, from Latin imperium.


adenoid

Borrowed from English adenoid, from French adénoïde, from New Latin adenoīdēs, from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓δενοειδής (ădenoeidḗs, “glandular”), from ᾰ̓δήν (ădḗn, “gland”) + -ο- (-o-) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-oid, -like”).

af

(medicine) an abnormally enlarged mass of lymphatic tissue at the back of the pharynx, often obstructing the nasal and ear passages and hindering speaking and breathing in young children

(anatomy) such a mass when not abnormally enlarged, covered by ciliated epithelium and located in the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx at the back of the throat behind the uvula


bah

Inherited from Malay bah, from Proto-Malayic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahaq, from Proto-Austronesian *baSaq.


bulimia nervosa

id-noun

bulimia nervosa (plural bulimia-bulimia nervosa)

Internationalism, compound of bulimia + nervosa.

(psychiatry, pathology) bulimia nervosa: an eating disorder characterized by a binge-and-purge cycle: extreme overeating followed by self-induced vomiting


diagram

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch diagram, from Ancient Greek διάγραμμα (diágramma).

a plan, drawing, sketch or outline to show how something works, or show the relationships between the parts of a whole


kaf

the twenty-second letter of the Arabic alphabet. ك (k)


pamper

pampêr (canonical)
pamper-pamper (plural)

From Dutch pamper, from the genericized trademark of English Pampers, a brand of diapers, from English pamper.


Anne

Pronunciations with final schwa are reinforced by Dutch Anne. Ultimately from French Anne.


organisme

organisme-organisme (plural)
organisma (alternative)

From Dutch organisme, from French organisme.


cedilla

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish cedilla.


karaoke

Borrowed from Japanese カラオケ (karaoke), from 空 (kara, “empty”) + オケ (oke, “orchestra”), an abbreviation of オーケストラ (ōkesutora), from English orchestra.

instrumental version
instrumental version

karaoke: a form of entertainment popular in clubs, at parties, etc, in which individual members of the public sing along to pre-recorded instrumental versions of popular songs, the lyrics of which are displayed for the singer on a screen in time with the music


fungi

From Latin fungi (plural form of fungus).


rabies

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch rabiës, from Latin rabies (“madness”).

(pathology, neurology) rabies: an infectious disease caused by species of Lyssavirus that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals and people, characterised by abnormal behaviour such as biting, excitement, aggressiveness, and dementia, followed by paralysis and death


reservoir

rêsérvoir (canonical)
reservoir-reservoir (plural)

From Dutch reservoir, from French réservoir.

reservoir:
a place where anything is kept in store

a large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply

(mining) a small intercellular space, often containing resin, essential oil, or some other secreted matter

(biology) a species that acts as host to a zoonosis when it is not causing acute illness in other susceptible species


produk domestik bruto

Compound of produk (“product”) + domestik (“domestic”) + bruto (“gross”), calque of English gross domestic product or calque of Dutch bruto binnenlands product (“gross domestic product”).

cal

Coordinate term: pendapatan nasional bruto

gross domestic product
gross domestic product

gross domestic product (economic production of a particular territory)


agnosia

Internationalism, borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀγνωσία (agnōsía, “ignorance”).


akinetopsia

(neurology, pathology) akinetopsia: an inability to perceive motion, despite stationary objects remaining more or less visible, due to brain damage disrupting input to the dorsal pathway


biro

From Dutch bureau (“bureau”), from French bureau, from Middle French burel, from Old French burel.


mestizo

mèstizo (canonical)
mestizo-mestizo (plural)

Borrowed from Spanish mestizo (“mestizo”), from Latin mixtus (“mixed”).

mestizo: a person of mixed ancestry, especially one of Spanish and Native American heritage


cito

Learned borrowing from Latin citō (“soon, at once”).


cito

Borrowed from Javanese ꦕꦶꦛꦏ꧀ (cithak, “bone between the eyes”).


magister

magistêr (canonical)
magister-magister (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch magister, from Latin magister. Doublet of maestro, master, and mester.


sala

From Sanskrit शाल (śāla, “Shorea robusta”, literally “house, hall”). Doublet of salam and syala.


ente

From Betawi ente (“you”), from Arabic أَنْتَ (ʔanta, “you”).

(informal) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours


genius

Learned borrowing from Latin genius (“inborn nature; a tutelary deity of a person or place; wit, brilliance”), from gignō (“to beget, produce”), Old Latin genō, from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-. Doublet of enjin, insinyur, and zeni.

lbor

genius: ingenious, brilliant, very clever, or original


magi

From Dutch magie, from French magie, from Middle French magie, from Latin magīa, from Ancient Greek μαγεία (mageía).

magic: the application of rituals or actions, especially those based on occult knowledge, to subdue or manipulate natural or supernatural beings and forces in order to have some benefit from them


Athena

Alternative spelling of Atena (“Athena; Athens”)


mud

Ultimately from Arabic مُدّ (mudd, “a certain dry measure”)

bor

Satu sha' setara dengan empat mud

(Islam) a dry measure (for dates, water, grains, and other things) varying in size, roughly around 510 grams


tutti frutti

Unadapted borrowing from Sicilian tutti frutti (“all fruits”).


diagnose

From Dutch diagnose, from French diagnose. Ultimately from Latin diagnōsis, from Ancient Greek διάγνωσις (diágnōsis). Doublet of diagnosa and diagnosis.


firma

From Dutch firma, from Italian firma, from Latin firmāre, from firmus, from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”). Doublet of darma and derma.


kiln

From English kiln, from Middle English kilne, from Old English cylene or cyline (“large oven”), from Latin culīna (“kitchen, kitchen stove”).

(archaeology) kiln, an oven or furnace or a heated chamber, for the purpose of hardening, burning, calcining or drying anything; for example, firing ceramics, curing or preserving tobacco, or drying grain


PPG

pendidikan profesi guru
pendidikan profesi guru#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of pendidikan profesi guru.


ku

(text messaging, informal) Alternative spelling of -ku


ku

Borrowed from Min Nan 龜／龟 (ku, “turtle; tortoise”).

(cooking) Ang ku kueh: a small round or oval-shaped Chinese sweet dumpling with soft, sticky glutinous rice flour skin wrapped around a sweet central filling


ku

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 區(く) (ku, “ward, section, district”). Romanised according modified Kunrei-shiki romanization.

(historical, 1942-1945) Synonym of desa (“village”)


ki

The name of the Latin-script letter Q/q.


ide

ide-ide (plural)
idea (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Dutch idee, from Middle Dutch idee, from Middle French idee (Modern French idée), from Old French idee, from Latin idea (“a (Platonic) idea; archetype”), from Ancient Greek ἰδέα (idéa, “notion, pattern”), from εἴδω (eídō, “I see”).


avant-garde

Unadapted borrowing from French avant-garde.


poli

From Dutch poli (“clinic, outpatient clinic”), from clipping of polikliniek.

bor

Dokter dan perawat positif CoVID-19, poli rumah sakit ditutup.

Doctor and nurse tested CoVID-19 positive, hospital outpatient clinic have been closed.

(healthcare) clipping of poliklinik (“clinic, outpatient clinic”).


harakiri

From Japanese 腹切(はらき)り (harakiri), ultimately from 腹 (hara, “belly”) + 切る (kiru, “to cut”).

hara-kiri: ceremonial suicide by disembowelment, as by slicing open the abdomen with a dagger or knife: formerly practised in Japan by the Samurai when disgraced or sentenced to death


bunga

bunga-bunga (plural)
boenga (alternative)

Inherited from Malay bunga, from Classical Malay bunga, from Proto-Malayic *buŋa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa. Cognate of Ilocano bunga (“fruit”), Tagalog bunga (“fruit”).

(botany) a reproductive structure in angiosperms (flowering plants), often conspicuously colourful and typically including sepals, petals, and either or both stamens and/or a pistil

a plant that bears flowers, especially a plant that is small and lacks wood

something that is particularly good or pleasing

(figurative) beauty:
someone who is beautiful

bunga berita


bunga

Unknown
* Semantic loan from English interest, by analogy with bank interest growing over time like flowers, as well as wordplay referring to the sense of "attention" in English and the sense of "beauty, looking good" in Indonesian. Compare to Thai ดอกเบี้ย (dɔ̀ɔk-bîia, “interest”, literally “flower money”).
* Semantic loan from Ancient Greek τόκος (tókos, “interest”, literally “childbirth, parturition; offspring”).

sl

(economics, finance) interest: the price paid for obtaining, or price received for providing, money or goods in a credit transaction, calculated as a fraction of the amount or value of what was borrowed


bunga

Semantic loan from Chinese 英 (“brave, hero; outstanding person”, literally “flower”) for hero sense, by analogy of outstanding, fine, and excellent nature of hero with the sense of "beauty" in Chinese and Indonesian.

zh-l

(figurative) hero, somebody who possesses great bravery and carries out extraordinary or noble deeds


sumpit

From Malay sumpit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpit, from Proto-Austronesian *sumpit.


sumpit

From Baba Malay sumpit, from Hokkien 栓筆 /栓笔 (sng-pit, “holding pin”).


wang

(informal) Informal spelling of uang (“money”).


wang

From either Teochew 王 (uang⁵, “king”) or Mandarin 王 (wáng, “king”).


ASEAN

(politics) ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations


aporia

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin aporia, from Ancient Greek ἀπορία (aporía).


makar

From Malay makar, from Arabic مَكْر (makr, “plot, scheme, plan”). Semantic loan from Dutch aanslag (“attack, assault”).


seks

From English sex, from Middle English sexe (“gender”), from Old French sexe (“genitals; gender”), from Latin sexus (“gender; gender traits; males or females; genitals”), from Proto-Italic *seksus, from Proto-Indo-European *séksus, from *sek- (“to cut”), thus meaning section, division (into male and female).

der

a category into which sexually-reproducing organisms are divided on the basis of their reproductive roles in their species


vitamin

From English vitamin, earlier vitamine, from Latin vīta (“life”) (see vital) + amine.


apartheid

aparthéid (canonical)
apartheid-apartheid (plural)
aparteid (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from Afrikaans apartheid (“South Africa policy of racial separation”, literally “separateness, apartness”), from Dutch apartheid.

ubor

(historical) apartheid: the policy of racial separation used by South Africa from 1948 to 1990


sashimi

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 刺身(さしみ) (sashimi), from 刺し (さし, sashi, “sticking into, sticking between; slicing”) + 身 (み, mi, “meat, flesh”).

(cooking, nonstandard, common) alternative spelling of sasyimi (“sashimi”)


sushi

Sushi dan sashimi, makanan khas Jepang yang digemari di Indonesia.

Sushi and sashimi are popular Japanese food in Indonesia.


RIP

Initialism of rencana induk pembangunan (“development master plan”).


lading

Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦢꦶꦁ (lading, “knife”).


lading

Borrowed from Dutch lading (“cargo; charge, tension”).

(nautical) longboat, usually made from a whole tree trunk

(geology) pyroclastic flow, volcanic ash, tephra


lancia

lancia-lancia (plural)
lanca (alternative)
langca (alternative)
langcia (alternative)

From Malay lancia, from Hokkien 人車 /人车 (lâng-chhia, “rickshaw”).


helm

hèlm (canonical)
helm-helm (plural)
hélmét (alternative)
hèlêm (alternative)


feuilleton

Unadapted borrowing from French feuilleton (“serial, feuilleton, literary article”).


sore

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦺꦴꦫꦺ (soré, “late afternoon, early evening”), derived from Old Javanese sore (“evening”), from sor (“lower, below”) + we, way (“sun, day”).

bor

the second half of the afternoon; the time of the day from around 3pm until sunset


sip

From English safe, from Middle English sauf, safe, saf, saaf, from Old French sauf, saulf, salf (“safe”), from Latin salvus (“whole, safe”), from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂- (“whole, every”).

der

(colloquial) safe
not in danger; out of harm's reach


androgen

androgèn (canonical)
androgen-androgen (plural)


persona

Learned borrowing from Latin persōna. Doublet of person.

person,
an individual; usually a human being

(grammar) a linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom he is speaking

the mask or appearance one presents to the world


medan

From Malay medan, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos via Arabic مَيْدَان (maydān), Classical Persian میدان (maydān), or Urdu میدان (maidān).

(figurative, physics) region affected by a particular force

field
region affected by a particular force

(figurative, computing) area of memory or storage reserved for a particular value


motor

Borrowed from Dutch motor, from English motor, from Latin motor. In the sense “motorbike” or "motorcycle", motor was originally short for motorrijwiel or motorfiets.

(figuratively) important person in organization


skim

From English skim, from Middle English skemen, skymen, variants of scumen, from Old French escumer (“to remove scum”), from escume (“froth, foam”), from Frankish *skūm (“froth, foam”), from Proto-Germanic *skūmaz (“foam”), from Proto-Indo-European *skew- (“to cover, conceal”).

skim milk: non-fat milk; milk that has had the cream removed


heroin

Borrowed from English heroin, from German Heroin, originally a trademark, from Ancient Greek ἥρως (hḗrōs, “hero”) and the suffix -in (“-ine”).


dealer

dealêr (canonical)
dealer-dealer (plural)

Unadapted borrowing from English dealer, from Middle English delare, from Old English dǣlere. Doublet of diler.


Rumania

From Dutch Roemenië, Spanish Rumania, from Romanian România, from New Latin Rōmānia, from Ancient Greek Ῥωμᾱνῐ́ᾱ (Rhōmānĭ́ā).

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


ester

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch ester, from German Ester.


aroma

From Dutch aroma, from Latin arōma, from Ancient Greek ἄρωμα (árōma, “seasoning, spicy and/or fragrant smell”).

aroma: smell; especially a pleasant spicy or fragrant one


zigzag

zigzag-zigzag (plural)
zigzag (alternative)


sila

From Malay sila, from Classical Malay sila, from Sanskrit शील (śīla, “conduct, beauty, form, virtue”). Doublet of selak.


sila

please, used as an affirmative to an offer or a request


Irak

From Dutch Irak, from Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq, “Iraq”), of uncertain derivation. Medieval Arabic uses ‘Iraq’ as a geographical term for the area in the south and center of the modern Iraq. Some Arabic sources say that Iraq comes from عَرِيق (ʕarīq, “deep-rooted”), from عِرْق (ʕirq, “root”), while others say it is from Middle Persian's Middle Persian ˀl'k' (/erāg/, “lowlands”), due to historic rule from Iraq's plateau-situated neighbor, Persia.

Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


ubi

From Malay ubi, from Classical Malay ubi, from Proto-Malayic *hubi, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hubi, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hubi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qubi.


total

Borrowed from Dutch totaal, from Middle Dutch totael, from Middle French total, from Old French total, from Medieval Latin tōtālis, from tōtus (“all, whole, entire”).

entire; relating to the whole of something


garda

From Portuguese guarda, guardar, from Old Galician-Portuguese guardar, from Medieval Latin wardō, from Frankish *wardōn, from Proto-Germanic *wardāną (“to guard”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to heed, defend”). Doublet of gardu.

guard, person who or thing that protects something


swastika

From Malay swastika. Ultimately from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक (svastika).


terminator

Internationalism, ultimately from post-classical Latin terminātor.

(astronomy) the line between the day side and the night side of a moon, planet or other celestial body

(computing) a text character or string that serves to mark the end of a document or transmission


pistol

pistol-pistol (plural)
pestol (alternative)

From Malay pistol, from Dutch pistool, from German Pistole, from Middle French pistole, from Czech píšťala (“whistle”), from Proto-Slavic *piščalь, from *piskati, *piščati (“to squeak, whistle”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pīṣk-.