pemimpin

From Malay pemimpin, from Classical Malay pemimpin. Equivalent to peng- + pimpin.


adipositas

Learned borrowing from New Latin adipōsitās.


kambing hitam

id-noun

kambing hitam (plural kambing-kambing hitam)

Compound of kambing (“goat”) + hitam (“black”).


balok

balok-balok (plural)
balak (alternative)
balak (alternative)

From Javanese ꦧꦭꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (balok), from Dutch balk. Doublet of balak.

block: a substantial, often approximately cuboid, piece of any substance

(forestry) log: the trunk of a dead tree, cleared of branches; any bulky piece as cut from the above, used as timber, fuel etc

(geometry) cuboid: a parallelepiped having six rectangular faces

board:
(sports) takeoff board of long jump

(civil engineering) any large piece of timber or iron long in proportion to its thickness, and prepared for use

(sports) balance beam: a gymnastics apparatus, a narrow wooden rail used in artistic (athletic) gymnastics

(military, colloquial) epaulet, epaulette, shoulder board: an ornamentation, worn on the shoulders of a military uniform, as a sign of rank

the unit of measurement for opium weight of 1,030 kg


sipahi

From Hindustani (Urdu سپاہی (sipāhī) or Hindi सिपाही (sipāhī)), from Classical Persian سِپَاهِی (sipāhī, “soldier, horseman”), from سِپَاه (“army”), from Middle Persian spʾh or 𐭮𐭯𐭠𐭧 (spāh), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *ćwáHdaH.

der

sepoy, a native soldier of the East Indies (Indian subcontinent)


manunggal

Reconstructed as meng- + tunggal, from Javanese ꦩꦤꦸꦔ꧀ꦒꦭ꧀ (manunggal, “joined, united”), from Old Javanese matuṅgal, atuṅgal (“being one, united”).


maksud

maksud-maksud (plural)
mahsud (alternative)
makhsud (alternative)

Inherited from Malay maksud, from Arabic مَقْصُود (maqṣūd, “aim, intention, purpose”). The sense in law was coined by Indonesian lecturer P.A.F Lamintang to translate Dutch voornemen.


fahami

head

fahami (active memahami or memfahami, passive difahami)

memahami (active)
memfahami (active)
difahami (passive)


siomai

siomai-siomai (plural)
siomay (alternative)

shumai, a traditional steamed Chinese dumpling


abad keemasan

abad keemasan (plural abad-abad keemasan)

From abad (“century, age”) + keemasan (“golden”). Calque of Dutch gouden eeuw.


abnus

abnus-abnus (plural)
abnoes (alternative)

From Malay abnus, from Classical Malay ابنوس (abnus), from Arabic أَبْنُوس (ʔabnūs, “ebony”).


adib

to be cultured, to be polite, to be well-bred


adib

author, writer, litterateur, man of letters


afdal

From Malay afdal, afdhal, from Classical Malay افضل (afdal), افضل (afdhal), افذل (afdzal), from Arabic أَفْضَل (ʔafḍal, “better, best”). Cognate with Bengali আফজল (afzôl).

kurang afdal rasanya jika makan bakso tanpa sambal

it feels less complete to eat bakso (Indonesian meatballs) without sambal


dubes

(government, politics) acronym of duta besar (“ambassador”).


hewani

héwani (canonical)
haiwani (alternative)


Bulan

(astronomy) the Moon: the only permanent natural satellite of the Earth


responsif

From Dutch responsief, from French responsif, from Middle French responsif, from Late Latin responsivus. Equivalent to respons + -if.

responsive (able to receive and respond to external stimuli)

responsive (susceptible to the feelings of others)


sedekah

From Malay sedekah,
from Classical Malay sedekah, from Arabic صَدَقَة (ṣadaqa, “alms, charity”).

der

slametan: a (Javanese) communal feast, held to celebrate numerous types of event


infak

From Malay infak,
from Arabic إِنْفَاق (ʔinfāq, “outlay, expense, expenditure”).


abstrak

From Dutch abstract, from Middle French abstract, from Latin abstractus.

abstract: conceptual, ideal, not concrete


mujarad

(formal or Islam) intangible, incorporeal, abstract; pertaining to hypostatized or reified non-physical concepts

(formal) discrete; independent, unrelated or detached to each other


niskala

Affixed nis- + kala, inherited from Malay niskala, from Sanskrit निष्कल (niṣkala), from निस् (nis) + कल (kala).

incorporeal, intangible; something that is immaterial


nyata

From Malay nyata, from Sanskrit नियत (niyata).

bukti-bukti yang nyata

kehidupan nyata itu lebih pahit daripada mimpi-mimpimu

real life is more bitter than your dreams


kenyataan

kenyataan-kenyataan yang tak mungkin terhindar

realities that are impossible to be avoided


pernyataan

Affixed nyata + per- -an. Nominalization of mempernyatakan. Attested before 1939.

pernyataan pemerintah


antar-

antara (alternative)
antara (alternative)

From Sanskrit अन्तर् (antar, “within, between, amongst”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁entér (“between”). Doublet of inter-.

antarbenua

antarkota

antarbangsa


pahlawan

id-noun

pahlawan (plural pahlawan-pahlawan or para pahlawan)

pahlawan-pahlawan (plural)
para pahlawan (plural)

From Malay pahlawan,
from Classical Malay pahlawan, from Persian پهلوان (pahlavân, “hero, paladin”), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 (p-r-θ-v /Parθavaʰ/, “Parthia”).

der

hero, patriot, a strong and brave warrior


kismis

From Malay kismis (“raisin”), from Classical Persian کشمش (kišmiš, “raisin”).


mabes

Acronym of markas besar (“headquarters”): HQ


heksa-

From Latin hexa-, from Ancient Greek ἑξα- (hexa-), from ἕξ (héx, “six”).


coba

From Malay cuba, coba, from Classical Malay چوبا (cuba), چوبا (coba) .

mencobai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

percobaan [causative passive + repetition

dicobai [patient focus + causative benefactive]


lompat

head

lompat (active melompat, momentane terlompat, transitive locative lompati)

melompat (active)
lompati (locative transitive)
lompat (root)
melompat (active nominative)
terlompat (nominative passive)
dilompat (nominative passive)
lompat (nominative)
lompatlah (nominative)
melompati (active)
terlompati (passive)
dilompati (passive)
lompati
lompatilah
melompatkan (active)
terlompatkan (passive)
dilompatkan (passive)
lompatkan
lompatkanlah
memperlompat (active causative nominative)
terperlompat (causative nominative passive)
diperlompat (causative nominative passive)
perlompat (causative nominative)
perlompatlah (causative nominative)
memperlompati (active causative)
terperlompati (causative passive)
diperlompati (causative passive)
perlompati (causative)
perlompatilah (causative)
memperlompatkan (active causative)
terperlompatkan (causative passive)
diperlompatkan (causative passive)
perlompatkan (causative)
perlompatkanlah (causative)

Inherited from Malay lompat, from Proto-Malayic *lumpat, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumpat. Doublet of alumpa.

(figuratively) to increase sharply, to rise, to shoot up

(intransitive) to jump off (to move from an elevated place by one jump)

Anakku suka melompat di kasur.

to propel oneself rapidly upward, downward and/or in any horizontal direction such that momentum causes the body to become airborne

to cause oneself to leave an elevated location and fall downward

to employ a parachute to leave an aircraft or elevated location

to react to a sudden, often unexpected, stimulus (such as a sharp prick or a loud sound) by jerking the body violently


ladang

field
an unirrigated land used to grow crops;

(geology) a region containing a particular mineral


talkin

(Islam) talqin, the shahada that is whispered to someone that about to die or recited for the recently buried


menalkinkan

(Islam) to whisper or recite shahada to someone that about to die or recently buried


khayal

khayal-khayal (plural)
chajal (alternative)

From Malay khayal,
from Classical Malay خيال (khayal), from Arabic خَيَال (ḵayāl, “imagination; fiction”).


wajik

From Malay wajik, from Classical Malay wajik.

wajik: Indonesian and Malaysian diamond-shaped traditional snack

(expansion, card games) diamond: a card of the diamonds suit


beraja

Untuk sementara, kerajaan itu tidak beraja.


meraja

to act like a king, to consider oneself as a king


merajai

(literally, transitive) to become a king of

Para pedagang buah merajai pasar.

The fruit merchants dominate the market.

(figurative, transitive) to influence, to affect


merajakan

From Malay merajakan,
from Classical Malay merajakan. Equivalent to
From raja + meng- -kan.

(transitive) to king, to make (someone) a king, to treat like a king


berlainan

Affixed lain + ber- -an, inherited from Malay berlainan

Dia memiliki pendapat yang berlainan denganku.

(transitive) to have different (something), to be different one another about


kelainan

Affixed lain + ke- -an, inherited from Malay kelainan.

Kelainan bawaan.


melainkan

Inherited from Malay melainkan. Equivalent to lain + meng- -kan.


melainkan

Tampaknya Shalahuddin mengetahui bahwa kelompok Assassin tidak bertindak sendiri, melainkan atas permintaan lawan-lawan Shalahuddin di Aleppo dan Mosul.

2014, Alwi Alatas, Shalahuddin Al-Ayyubi dan Perang Salib III [Saladin and The Third Crusade], Zikrul Hakim, page 230:

Apparently Saladin knew that the Assassins didn't act alone [as their own will], but rather upon Saladin's competitors' request at Aleppo and Mosul.


berkelainan

(stative) to have abnormality, to have disorder, to be disabled


berwarna

From Malay berwarna, from Classical Malay berwarna. Equivalent to ber- + warna.

Mobil ini berwarna merah.

Gambar tak berwarna.


mewarnai

Mewarnai jiwa-jiwa muda.


pewarna

Pewarna alami.

stain (a reagent or dye used to stain microscope specimens so as to make some structures visible)


menikah

Dia sudah menikah.


menikahi

From Malay menikahi, from Classical Malay menikahi. Equivalent to
From nikah + meng- -i.

Dalam hukum Islam, jika seseorang ingin berhubungan seksual, dia harus menikahi wanita tersebut terlebih dahulu.

In Islamic law, if one is willing to have sexual intercourse, one must first marry the woman in question.


menikahkan

From Malay menikahkan, from Classical Malay menikahkan. Equivalent to nikah + meng- -kan.

Sang ayah akan menikahkan putrinya dengan putra temannya jika sang putri setuju.

The father is going to marry his daughter with his friend's son if the daughter agree.

to couple, to wed, To arrange for the marriage of

to plan or arrange a marriage ceremony for


gizi

From Arabic غِذَاء (ḡiḏāʔ, “nourishment, sustenance, aliment, nutrition, food”).
Coined by Indonesian nutritionist Poorwo Soedarmo 1950s.

coinage

bergizi

to contain nutrition, to have nutrition, to be nutritious


bergizi

Makanlah makanan-makanan yang bergizi untuk menunjang pertumbuhan dan kesehatan.

Eat foods that contain nutrition to support growth and health.

to contain nutrition, to have nutrition, to be nutritious


bernapas

From Malay bernapas. Equivalent to
From ber- + napas.


hamil

from Malay hamil, from Arabic حَامِل (ḥāmil)

pregnant (carrying developing offspring within the body)


penghamilan

id-noun

pênghamilan (countable and uncountable, plural penghamilan-penghamilan)

pênghamilan (canonical)
penghamilan-penghamilan (plural)

impregnation (the act of making pregnant; fertilization)


hasil

From Malay hasil, from Arabic حَاصِل (ḥāṣil, “end, conclusion; score, sum, total”).

der

result (fruit, beneficial or tangible effect)

output (production; quantity produced, created, or completed)

income, earnings (money one earns by working or by capitalising on the work of others)


hasil

(obsolete) Synonym of berhasil (“having a result, successful”)


berhasil

Inherited from Malay berhasil. Equivalent to ber- + hasil.


margasatwa

margasatwa-margasatwa (plural)
mergastua (alternative)


biasanya

Biasanya saya bangun pagi. tapi berhubung saya sakit, saya bangun siang hari ini.

Normally i wake up early. But since I'm sick, I woke up in the afternoon today.


kebiasaan

Kebiasaan buruk.


kekalahan

defeat (the act or instance of being defeated, of being overcome or vanquished; a loss)


umpama

Inherited from Malay umpama, from Pali upamā (“simile, parable, comparison”), from Sanskrit उपमा (upamā).


berumpama

From ber- + umpama (“instance, example”).

Dia terlalu banyak berumpama dalam mengajar.

to use instance, example (in one's speeches, etc.)


mengumpamai

From umpama (instance, example) + meng- -i.


mengumpamakan

From umpama (instance, example) + meng- -kan.


perumpamaan

From umpama (instance, example) + per- -an.


fikiri

head

fikiri (active memikiri or memfikiri, passive difikiri)

memikiri (active)
memfikiri (active)
difikiri (passive)


otonom

From Dutch autonoom, from Ancient Greek αὐτόνομος (autónomos).


manfaat

From Malay manfaat,
from Classical Malay manfaat, from Arabic مَنْفَعَة (manfaʕa, “usefulness; advantage”).


bermanfaat

From Malay bermanfaat,
from Classical Malay bermanfaat. Equivalent to
From ber- + manfaat.


pemanfaatan

pêmanfaatan (canonical)
pemanfaatan-pemanfaatan (plural)

utilisation (act or process of making useful)


nawaitu

From Arabic نَوَيْتُ (nawaytu, “I intend to”), first-person singular past active of نَوَى (nawā, “to intend”).


bedebah

From Malay bedebah, from Persian بدبخت (badbaxt).

(offensive, vulgar) fuck it! (expression of anger, contempt, etc.)


yakni

From Malay yaini, yakni, ya`ani, from Classical Malay ينا (iáni), يني (iany), ياءني (ya`ni), يعني (yakni), from Arabic يَعْنِي (yaʕnī).


memungkinkan

From
From mungkin (possibly, perhaps) + meng- -kan.

af

to allow, to enable to, to give chance to


kemungkinan

From mungkin (possibly, perhaps) + ke- -an.

the probability of a specified outcome; the chance of something happening; probability; the state or degree of being probable

(statistics) the probability that some fixed outcome was generated by a random distribution with a specific parameter

(mathematics) odds: the ratio of the probability of an event happening to that of it not happening


ketat

Pakaian yang ketat.

tight (firmly held together; compact; not loose or open)

Penjagaan ketat oleh sipir dilakukan kepada para narapidana.

Strict guarding by the warden is done to the inmates.

strict (governed or governing by exact rules; observing exact rules; severe; rigorous)


mengetatkan

Form ketat (strict; tight) + meng- -kan.


murka

Inherited from Malay murka (“to be very angry”), from Sanskrit मूर्ख (mūrkha, “stupid, foolish, blockhead”).

der

(intransitive) to be wrathful, to be very angry


memurkai

From Malay memurkai, from Classical Malay memurkai. Equivalent to murka + meng- -i.


bahwa

From Malay bahwa, a variant of bahawa, from Sanskrit भाव (bhāva, “really, truly”).

Saya percaya bahwa itu benar.


kempa

From Sanskrit कम्प (kampa, “tremor, shaking, quake”). Doublet of gempa.


khianat

From Malay khianat, from Classical Malay خيانة (khianat), from Arabic خِيَانَة (ḵiyāna).


berkhianat

(intransitive) to commit betrayal, to be treacherous


pengkhianat

id-noun

pêngkhianat (plural pengkhianat-pengkhianat or para pengkhianat)

pêngkhianat (canonical)
pengkhianat-pengkhianat (plural)
para pengkhianat (plural)


tunggak

stump, treestump (the remains of a tree that has been cut of)


tunggak

head

tunggak (active menunggak, passive ditunggak)

to let a tall object that is stuck in ground and make it as a marker of something

to mark (something) with a pole, to put a pole (on)

(figurative) to ignore, let go (of debt, fee, payment, work)


vikariat

(Catholicism) vicariate, the office or authority of a vicar


SHM

sertifikat hak milik
sertifikat hak milik#Indonesian

(government) Initialism of sertifikat hak milik.


sadu

From Malay sadu, from Pali sādhu (“well”), from Sanskrit साधु (sādhu, “well, proper”).
* Learned borrowing from Old Javanese sādhu (“sadhu: holy man, saint, sage, seer”).


sadu

(Hinduism) sadhu: a holy man, saint, sage, seer


ahkam

From Malay ahkam, from Classical Malay هكم (ahkam), from Arabic أَحْكَام (ʔaḥkām), plural of حُكْم (ḥukm).

der

Arabic أَحْكَام (ʔaḥkām)


anggara

From Malay anggara, from Classical Malay اڠڬرا (anggara), from Sanskrit अङ्गार (aṅgāra, “Mangala, god of war”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hángāras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hángāras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óngʷl̥. Doublet of Agni.


anggara

From Toba Batak [Term?], from Sanskrit अङ्गार (aṅgāra, “Mangala, god of war”), see previous etymology.

the third day of the month in the Batak Toba calendar


adicita

From adi- (“excellent, exquisite, fine, eminent”) + cita (“aspiration, idea”).


aftab

From Malay aftab, from Classical Persian آفتاب (āftāb), from
From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾptʾb /āftāb/, “sunshine”), from Proto-Iranian *abi-tāpáh.


ambuh

(dialect) waste or pile of sand and stones in the gold extraction


laskar

* From Malay lasykar, from Classical Malay lasykar,
** Rebracketing of Arabic العسكر (al-ʕaskar), or
** from Classical Persian لشکر (laškar). Doublet of askar.


blusukan

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧ꧀ꦭꦸꦱꦸꦏꦤ꧀ (blusukan, “to wander”), equivalent to blusuk + -an.

bor+

to go somewhere to know something, usually impromptu; impromptu visit


limosin

limosin-limosin (plural)
limusin (alternative)


lontong

a kind of rice cake, wrapped inside a banana leaf, then boiled until cooked, served as staple food


lontong

a type of belt in Javanese traditional clothing


mengalir

Inherited from Malay mengalir. Equivalent to meng- + alir.

(figurative, uncommon) to migrate en masse


terkait

Affixed ter- + kait, from Malay terkait, from Classical Malay terkait (“to be hooked accidentally”).

inh

to be hooked accidentally, to be hooked already

to be related, to be relatable (dengan (“with”))


aksa

From Malay aksa, from Classical Malay اكسا (aksa), from Arabic أَقْصَى (ʔaqṣā, “farthest”).


pasukan

Affixed pasuk + -an, from Malay pasukan, from Classical Malay pasukan.


ogah

(chiefly Jakarta, informal) no! (rejecting something)


mukim

From Malay mukim, from Arabic مُقِيم (muqīm).

permanent resident
permanent resident in Mecca

area, administrative subdivision
area served by a mosque

an administrative subdivision in Aceh, the subdivision of kecamatan, which is divided into gampong (kelurahan)

(dialect) area with several kampung of Gayonese people


campur

head

campur (active mencampur, passive dicampur)

mencampur (active)
dicampur (passive)
tjampoer (alternative)
tjampur (alternative)

desc

→ Okinawan: ちゃんぷるー (chanpurū, “stir-fried dish”)

→ Japanese: チャンプルー (chanpurū)

→ English: chanpuru

(transitive) to mix (to combine, items from two or more sources normally kept separate)


getar

Inherited from Malay getar, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *gt₁ar (“to shiver”).


kulkas

kulkas-kulkas (plural)
koelkas (alternative)


tulung

Alternative spelling of tolong (“to help”)


sabung

From Malay sabung,
from Classical Malay sabung, ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sabuŋ.


terung

Inherited from Malay terung (compare to Javanese ꦠꦺꦫꦺꦴꦁ (térong)), ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *d₁rɗuŋ, *d₁rɗuəŋ (“egg-plant, bottle-gourd”).

der

(formal or dialectal) Alternative form of terong (“eggplant, aubergine”)


sekar

From Javanese ꦱꦼꦏꦂ (sekar, “flower”), from Old Javanese sĕkar (“flower, blooming”). Cognate of Indonesian mekar (“blooming”).


merasa

head

merasa (imperative rasakan, active merasa, ordinary passive dirasa, adversative passive terasa)

Affixed rasa (“feeling”) + meng-, from Malay merasa,
from Classical Malay merasa.

Dia merasa berani hari ini.

Nelayan merasa di laut seperti di rumah sendiri.

When at sea, fishermen feel as if in their own home.


avokad

Borrowed from Dutch avocado, from American Spanish avocado, altered —by folk-etymological association with abogado (“lawyer”)— from the earlier aguacate, which comes from Classical Nahuatl āhuacatl (“avocado”).

avokat (alternative nonstandard)
advokat (alternative nonstandard)
adpokat (alternative nonstandard)


bangkrut

Borrowed from Dutch bankroet, from Middle French banqueroute, from Italian bancarotta.

bankrupt (having been legally declared insolvent)


bangkrut

bangkerut (alternative obsolete)
bankrut (alternative)
bankrap (alternative)
bankroet (alternative)


kulit pisang

id-noun

kulit pisang (plural kulit-kulit pisang)

From kulit (“skin”) + pisang (“banana”).


kulit jeruk

kulit jêruk (canonical)
kulit-kulit jeruk (plural)

[ˌku.lɪt̪̚ d͡ʒəˈrʊʔ]

[ˌku.lɪt̪̚ d͡ʒəˈrʊk̚]


kulit kacang

kulit kacang (plural kulit-kulit kacang)


kulit kerang

kulit kêrang (plural kulit-kulit kerang)

kulit kêrang (canonical)
kulit-kulit kerang (plural)


bofot

(dialectal, Papuan, chiefly Sorong) a marriage or engagement ceremony


famai

(dialectal, Papuan, chiefly Lake Sentani) a beginner missionary


Respati

Borrowed from Javanese ꦉꦱ꧀ꦥꦠꦶ (Respati), from Old Javanese wṛhaspati (“Bṛhaspati; Jupiter; Thursday”), from Sanskrit बृहस्पति (bṛhaspati).


Dwi

From Javanese Dwi, ultimately from Sanskrit द्वि (dvi).


Ica

a diminutive of the female given names Annisa, Risa, Riska, or similar-sounding names


Widya

Borrowed from Javanese ꦮꦶꦢꦾ (widya), from Old Javanese widyā, from Sanskrit विद्या (vidyā, “knowledge, wisdom”).


Andini

From Javanese Andini, from Old Javanese andini (“obedient, submissive”).

Andidni (alternative)
Anditni (alternative)
Andin (alternative)
Andien (alternative)


Anindya

From Javanese Anindya, from Old Javanese Anindya (“perfect, not guilty”).


Arga

From Javanese ꦄꦂꦒ (Arga), from Old Javanese arga (“high mountain”).


anak piatu

maternal orphan: a person, especially a minor, whose mother have died


anak yatim piatu

id-noun

anak yatim piatu (plural anak-anak yatim piatu)

double orphan: a person, especially a minor, whose both of parents have died; orphan


gunakan

head

gunakan (active menggunakan, passive digunakan)

menggunakan (active)
digunakan (passive)


alamat

Inherited from Malay alamat,
from Classical Malay علامت (alamat, “sign”), from Arabic عَلَامَة (ʕalāma).


sumbang

From Malay sumbang (“violation of customs; wrong, improper”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumbaŋ (“incest”), with semantic development. Compare Pangutaran Sama sumbang (“incest”).

inh

to engage in illicit sex; to commit adultery

to engage in any improper behavior that violates local customs


sumbang

head

sumbang (active menyumbang, passive disumbang)


pinjam terjemah

id-noun

pinjam terjemah (plural pinjam-pinjam terjemah)

Compound of pinjam (“borrow”) + terjemah (“translate”), calque of Dutch leenvertaling.

com

Kata "sepeda motor" adalah kata pinjam terjemah dari bahasa Belanda "motorfiets".

The word "sepeda motor" is a calque of the Dutch "motorfiets".

(linguistics) a word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language


dokter hewan

Calque of Dutch dierenarts (“veterinarian”), from dokter (“physician”) + hewan (“animal”).


kuda nil

Compound of kuda (“horse”) + nil (“Nile river”), calque of Dutch nijlpaard.

Kuda nil agak berisik dan senantiasa memperdengarkan suara menggeram yang terutama menyebar jauh di atas air.

1988, Ensiklopedi Indonesia. Seri fauna: Serangga, page 421:

The hippopotamus is somewhat loud and always hears sounds growling from far on the water.


uang saku

carried money for necessities at any time; pocket money


ulangan

From Malay ulangan. Equivalent to ulang + -an. Examination sense is a semantic loan from Dutch repetitie.

(in primary and secondary education only) an examination, during the academic term

(statistics) replication: the repetition of a test or complete experiment


jam malam

Compound of jam (“clock”) + malam (“evening, night”), calque of Dutch avondklok (“curfew; evening bell”, literally “evening bell/clock”).


busung lapar

Compound of busung (“inflated”) + lapar (“hungry”), calque of Dutch hongeroedeem.

(pathology) kwashiorkor: A form of malnutrition, found in children, caused by dietary insufficiency of protein in combination with a high carbohydrate diet


penge-

Alternative form of peng-, used when the word has one syllable


bilangan kuantum

id-noun

bilangan kuantum (plural bilangan-bilangan kuantum)


hukum Newton pertama

(classical mechanics) Newton's first law


hukum Newton kedua

(classical mechanics) Newton's second law


hukum Newton ketiga

(classical mechanics) Newton's third law


jarak pumpun

jarak pumpun (plural jarak-jarak pumpun)

Compound of jarak (“distance”) + pumpun (“focus”), literally “focal distance”, calque of English focal length.

compound

(optics) synonym of jarak fokus (“focal length”)


mekanika kuantum

id-noun

mèkanika kuantum (plural mekanika-mekanika kuantum)

mèkanika kuantum (canonical)
mekanika-mekanika kuantum (plural)

Compound of mèkanika + kuantum, from English quantum mechanics.


orbital molekul

orbital molekul (plural orbital-orbital molekul)

(quantum mechanics, chemistry) molecular orbital


adiabatik

(physics, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, chemistry) adiabatic


himpunan

Affixed himpun + -an.
* Sense in set theory is semantic loan from Dutch verzameling (“set”, literally “collection”).

sl

himpunan transformasi bujur-sangkar Latin

(anthropology) a collection of things which have been gathered together or assembled

(archaeology) a group of different artifacts found in association with one another

(Standard Malay)

(mathematics, set theory) set: a collection of zero or more objects, possibly infinite in size, and disregarding any order or repetition of the objects which may be contained within it


tindas

From Malay tindas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tindes, from Proto-Austronesian *tindes (“crush lice with the fingernail”).

inh

imperative of menindas (“to crush, to oppress”)


gabungan

Affixed gabung + -an, inherited from Malay gabungan.

combined, joint, consolidated, collective, composite

alliance, federation, consolidation, merger, fusion, community

that which is united, or made one; something formed by a combination or coalition of parts or members; a confederation; a consolidated body; a league

(Standard Malay)

(set theory) the set containing all of the elements of two or more sets


akar kuadrat

Compound of akar (“root”) + kuadrat (“square”), calque of Dutch kwadraatwortel (“square root”).


singkapan

* From singkap + -an.
* The sense “outcrop” is a semantic loan from English outcrop.


daerah imbuhan

id-noun

daerah imbuhan (plural daerah-daerah imbuhan)


akuifer bebas

akuifer bebas (plural akuifer-akuifer bebas)

Compound of akuifer (“aquifer”) + bebas (“free”), literally “free aquifer”, calque from Japanese 自由地下水(じゆうちかすい) (jiyūchikasui, literally “free underground water”).


akuifer tertekan

id-noun

akuifer tertekan (plural akuifer-akuifer tertekan)

Compound of akuifer (“aquifer”) + tertekan, literally “pressed aquifer”, calque from Japanese 被圧地下水(ひあつちかすい) (hiatsuchikasui, literally “pressed underground water”).


air tanah

Compound of air (“water”) + tanah (“ground”), from calque of English groundwater or Dutch grondwater.

(geology) groundwater: Water that exists beneath the earth's surface in underground streams and aquifers


daerah lepasan

id-noun

daerah lepasan (plural daerah-daerah lepasan)


petromaks

Genericization of the trademark Petromax.


nasi uduk

Compound of nasi (“cooked rice”) + uduk (“savoury, fatty”).

com

(cooking) nasi uduk: An Indonesian dish of rice cooked in coconut milk with spices


selamatan

sêlamatan (canonical)
selamatan-selamatan (plural)

Affixed selamat + -an, from Javanese ꦱ꧀ꦭꦩꦼꦠꦤ꧀ (slametan).

slametan: a (Javanese) communal feast, held to celebrate numerous types of event


karak

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦫꦏ꧀ (karak). Doublet of kerak (“crust”).


sahara

From Arabic صَحَارَى (ṣaḥārā), plural of صَحْرَاء (ṣaḥrāʔ).

bor

Arabic صَحَارَى (ṣaḥārā)


otomatis

From Dutch automatisch, from French automatique, from Ancient Greek αὐτόματον (autómaton), neuter of αὐτόματος (autómatos, “selfmoving, moving of oneself, self-acting, spontaneous”). Doublet of automatik.

automatis (alternative nonstandard)
automatik (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

automatic (capable of operating without external control)


sarekat

From Javanese ꦱꦫꦺꦏꦠ꧀ (sarékat), from Arabic شَرِكَة (šarika). Doublet of serikat.


relaas

(law) summons: a notice summoning someone to appear in court, as a defendant, juror or witness


rekod

(data management) dynamic archive: type of archive that can grow as needed, rather than pre-allocating disk space at creation


residensi

résidènsi (canonical)
residensi-residensi (plural)

Affixed residen + -si, from Dutch residentie.

the condition of being a resident of a particular place

the home or residence of a person, especially in the colonies; an administrative division of former British Empire and the Dutch East Indies (residentie), which were headed by a resident

(healthcare) the position or term of a medical resident


bubut

bubut-bubut (plural)
butbut (alternative)

Inherited from Malay bubut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butbut (“owl”).

coucal (any bird of the genus Centropus in the cuckoo family Cuculidae)


bubut

Inherited from Malay bubut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butbut, from Proto-Austronesian *buCbuC (“pull up, pluck”).


bubut

Inherited from Malay bubut (“throat halyard”).


daster

dastêr (canonical)
daster-daster (plural)

duster (a type of loose dress worn at home)


petani

pêtani (canonical)
petani-petani (plural)

Affixed per- + tani, from Malay petani, from Classical Malay petani.

perlawanan petani


selama

Selama mereka masih tertidur, aku bisa bermain dengan bebas.

As long as they are still asleep, I can freely play.


surat izin mengemudi

id-noun

surat izin mengemudi (plural surat-surat izin mengemudi)

surat-surat izin mengemudi (plural)
SIM (alternative abbreviation acronym acronym)

Compound of surat izin (“permit”) + mengemudi (“to drive”), literally “driving permit”. First attested in 1965. Compare to Japanese 運転免許証(うんてんめんきょしょう) (untenmenkyoshō, “driver's license”, literally “driving license (permit proof)”) and its Japanese occupation period equivalent Indonesian soerat izin mengemoedikan auto.

cog

driver's license, driving licence, driver's licence


nakes

tenaga kesehatan
tenaga kesehatan#Indonesian

Acronym of tenaga kesehatan (“health worker, healthcare worker”).


rebewes

rébêwés (canonical)
rebewes-rebewes (plural)


pengaya

From peng- + kaya, literally "something used to enrich", "enricher".

Materi ini bisa digunakan sebagai pengaya bahan ajar.

This content can be used as a supplement to teaching materials.


beranda

bêranda (canonical)
beranda-beranda (plural)

From Dutch veranda, from English veranda, from Hindi बरामदा (barāmdā), from Portuguese varanda.


keluku

(computing, neologism, rare) thumbnail (a miniature preview of a larger image)


elektabilitas

èlèktabilitas (canonical)
elektabilitas-elektabilitas (plural)


putaran

(physics, chemistry, mathematics, medicine) rotation


pertumbuhan

pêrtumbuhan (canonical)
pertumbuhan-pertumbuhan (plural)


penerima

(medicine) an individual receiving donor organs or tissues

(chemistry) the portion of an alembic or other still in which the distilled liquid is collected

(chemistry) an atom or molecule which can accept an electron to form a chemical bond

(biochemistry) a transfer RNA molecule that can accept a specific amino acid

(physics) a chemical acceptor atom forming a positive hole in a semiconductor

finite-state machine
finite-state machine

(computing theory) a kind of finite-state machine whose binary output indicates whether or not a received input was accepted

(chemistry) a vessel for receiving and holding the products of distillation, or for containing gases

any of several electronic devices that receive electromagnetic waves, or signals transmitted as such

consignee: the person to whom a shipment is to be delivered


sudra

Borrowed from Sanskrit शूद्र (śūdra), a variant of क्षुद्र (kṣudra, “small, diminutive”).

(uncountable) the Hindu varna (caste) composing workers

(countable) a member of the Hindu varna composing workers


praperadilan

prapêradilan (canonical)
praperadilan-praperadilan (plural)


penyidik

(law, taxation) investigator: an officer (police or civil servant) who investigates


penuntut umum

id-noun

penuntut umum (plural penuntut-penuntut umum)


kesimpulan

From Malay kesimpulan. Reconstructed as simpul + ke- -an.


terwelu

têrwèlu (canonical)
terwelu-terwelu (plural)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦠꦿꦸꦮꦺꦭꦸ (truwélu), from Portuguese coelho. Doublet of kelinci and kuilu.


pesawat sederhana

id-noun

pesawat sederhana (plural pesawat-pesawat sederhana)

Compound of pesawat (“machine”) + sederhana (“simple”), calque of Dutch eenvoudige machine (“simple machine”).

calque

(physics, engineering) simple machine: a device that only requires the application of a single force to work


bidang miring

id-noun

bidang miring (plural bidang-bidang miring)


lengan beban

lengan beban (plural lengan-lengan beban)


lengan kuasa

lengan kuasa (plural lengan-lengan kuasa)

Calque of English effort arm or Calque of Dutch machtarm (“effort arm”)


kuliah kerja nyata

Compound of kuliah (“lecture”) + kerja (“work”) + nyata (“real”).


pesawat terbang

Compound of pesawat (“machine”) + terbang (“fly”), calque of Dutch vliegtuig (“aeroplane”, literally “to fly + device”).


balumba

(dialect) to play in the water for a long time


swafoto

→ Malay: swafoto

Affixed swa- + foto, from English selfie.

(neologism) selfie: a photographic self-portrait, especially one taken manually (not using a timer, tripod etc.) with a small camera or mobile phone. [since 2013]


tular

tular (root)
menular (active nominative)
tertular (nominative passive)
ditular (nominative passive)
tular (nominative)
tularlah (nominative)
menulari (active)
tertulari (passive)
ditulari (passive)
tulari
tularilah
menularkan (active)
tertularkan (passive)
ditularkan (passive)
tularkan
tularkanlah
mempertular (active causative nominative)
terpertular (causative nominative passive)
dipertular (causative nominative passive)
pertular (causative nominative)
pertularlah (causative nominative)
mempertulari (active causative)
terpertulari (causative passive)
dipertulari (causative passive)
pertulari (causative)
pertularilah (causative)
mempertularkan (active causative)
terpertularkan (causative passive)
dipertularkan (causative passive)
pertularkan (causative)
pertularkanlah (causative)

Inherited from Malay تولر (tular, “to spread (of a disease)”), from Javanese ꦠꦸꦭꦂ (tular, “to spread the disease”), from Old Javanese tular (“to move”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">tular</i>


suri teladan

Compound of suri + teladan (“example, model”).

com+

deserving honour, respect and admiration

of such high quality that it should serve as an example to be imitated; ideal, perfect


apang

(cooking) alternative form of apam (“appam”)


paparan benua

id-noun

paparan benua (plural paparan-paparan benua)


pidana

From Javanese ꦥꦶꦢꦤ (pidana, “court punishment”), from Old Javanese pīḍana (“pressing or squeezing; of oppressing, paining, afflicting”), from Sanskrit पीडन (pīḍana, “press, suppress”). Semantic loan from Dutch strafrecht (“criminal law”, literally “punishment law”) as Dutch straf (“punishment, penalty, sanction”).

cog

(law) crime: a specific act committed in violation of the law

(Standard Malay)


tersangka

(law) suspect: a person who is suspected of committing a crime


hukum pidana

id-noun

hukum pidana (plural hukum-hukum pidana)

Compound of hukum (“law”) + pidana (“crime”, literally “punishment”), calque of Dutch strafrecht (“criminal law”, literally “punishment law”). Coined in between 1942 and 1945.


wanprestasi

Borrowed from Dutch wanprestatie (“non-performance, breach of contract”).

bor+

(law, finance) default (The condition of failing to meet an obligation)

Itulah sebabnya, baik wanprestasi maupun perbuatan melawan hukum merupakan dasar untuk menuntut tanggung jawab perusahaan penilai.

2004, Jurnal Hukum Bisnis, volume 23, page 110:

That is why, both breach and act against the law are fundamental for holding the appraisal company to account.


uang pesangon

id-noun

uang pesangon (plural uang-uang pesangon)


hukum perdata

hukum perdata (plural hukum-hukum perdata)

Compound of hukum (“law”) + perdata (“civil (law)”), calque of Dutch burgerlijk recht (“civil law”). Coined by Indonesian sociologist M.M. Djojodigoeno.


perbuatan melawan hukum

id-noun

perbuatan melawan hukum (plural perbuatan-perbuatan melawan hukum)

perbuatan-perbuatan melawan hukum (plural)


mahkota

mahkota-mahkota (plural)
makota (alternative)

From Malay mahkota (compare Javanese ꦩꦏꦸꦛ (makutha)), from Pali makuṭa, from a Dravidian term (compare Tamil முகடு (mukaṭu), Sanskrit मुकुट (mukuṭa, “crown”)).

memahkotai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

(literal) diadem: a royal, imperial or princely headdress

(metonymic) king: the sovereign (in a monarchy), as head of state

imperial or regal power, or those who wield it

(botany) ellipsis of mahkota bunga (“petal, corolla”).


rumus

From Malay rumus, from Arabic رُمُوز (rumūz), plural of رَمْز (ramz, “cipher, code”).

(biology, chemistry, linguistics, literature, physics) formula


senyawa

sênyawa (canonical)
senyawa-senyawa (plural)

Affixation of se- + nyawa. Semantic loan from Dutch samengesteld (“compound”, literally “together + to stand”) for compound (chemistry) sense. Attested before 1971.


senyawa kimia

id-noun

senyawa kimia (plural senyawa-senyawa kimia)

From senyawa (“compound”) + kimia (“chemistry”).


APRI

Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia
w:Indonesian National Armed Forces

Acronym of Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia (“National Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia”).


TNI

Tentara Nasional Indonesia
w:id:Tentara Nasional Indonesia

(military) Initialism of Tentara Nasional Indonesia (“Indonesian National Armed Forces”).


Jend.

(title, military) Abbreviation of Jenderal. (Gen.)


jenderal

jêndêral (plural)
djendral (alternative)
jeneral (alternative)
jéneral (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch generaal, from French général, from Old French general, from Latin generālis.


jenderal

djendral (alternative)
jeneral (alternative)
jéneral (alternative)


kompi

From dialectal Dutch compagnie, from Middle Dutch compangie, from Old French compagnie, from Latin [Term?]. Compare to Petjo compies. Doublet of kompeni.

(military) company: a unit of approximately sixty to one hundred and twenty soldiers, typically consisting of two or three platoons and forming part of a battalion


kedaluwarsa

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦢꦭꦸꦮꦂꦱ (kadaluwarsa, literally “accidentally in fully ripe time”). Equivalent to ke- + dalu (“overripe; late”) + warsa (“year”).


peramban web

id-noun

peramban web (plural peramban-peramban web)

From peramban + web, Calque of English web browser.


penjelajah web

penjelajah web (plural penjelajah-penjelajah web)


penjelajah

pênjêlajah (plural penjelajah-penjelajah or para penjelajah)

pênjêlajah (canonical)
penjelajah-penjelajah (plural)
para penjelajah (plural)

From peng- + jelajah (“to explore; to cruise”).


jelajah

head

jelajah (active locative menjelajahi, passive locative dijelajahi)

menjelajahi (active locative)
dijelajahi (locative passive)
jelajah (root)
menjelajah (active nominative)
terjelajah (nominative passive)
dijelajah (nominative passive)
jelajah (nominative)
jelajahlah (nominative)
menjelajahi (active)
terjelajahi (passive)
dijelajahi (passive)
jelajahi
jelajahilah
menjelajahkan (active)
terjelajahkan (passive)
dijelajahkan (passive)
jelajahkan
jelajahkanlah
memperjelajah (active causative nominative)
terperjelajah (causative nominative passive)
diperjelajah (causative nominative passive)
perjelajah (causative nominative)
perjelajahlah (causative nominative)
memperjelajahi (active causative)
terperjelajahi (causative passive)
diperjelajahi (causative passive)
perjelajahi (causative)
perjelajahilah (causative)
memperjelajahkan (active causative)
terperjelajahkan (causative passive)
diperjelajahkan (causative passive)
perjelajahkan (causative)
perjelajahkanlah (causative)

From Malay jelajah. Reconstructed as jajah + -el-.


narapidana

narapidana-narapidana (plural)
napi (alternative)

Affixed nara- + pidana. Coined by Indonesian politician Sahardjo. Replaced orang hukuman.

coinage

correctional facility
correctional facility

(law) prisoner: a convict (terpidana) incarcerated in a correctional facility, serving a sentence


terpidana

to convict: to find guilty, as a result of legal proceedings


terpidana

têrpidana (canonical)
terpidana-terpidana (plural)

(law) convict: a person convicted of a crime by a judicial body with permanent legal force


undang-undang

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

Reduplication of undang, from inherited from Malay undang-undang, from Classical Malay undang. Semantic loan from Dutch ordonnantie for legal regulation sense.

(law) legislation: law which has been enacted by legislature or other governing body

(Standard Malay)

act of parliament: a law which has received assent (royal, presidential or gubernatorial) after having been passed by the houses (or house) of a parliament

a binding regulation or custom established in a community in this way


lembaga pemasyarakatan

id-noun

lembaga pemasyarakatan (plural lembaga-lembaga pemasyarakatan)

lembaga-lembaga pemasyarakatan (plural)
lapas (alternative)
LP (alternative)

Compound of lembaga (“institution”) + pemasyarakatan (“integration to society”). Coined by Indonesian politician Sahardjo.

compound

correctional institution
correctional institution

(law, euphemistic) correctional institution; correctional facility; penitentiary


BPK

(government) Initialism of Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (“Audit Board of Indonesia”).


BPK

(cooking) Initialism of Babi Panggang Karo.


KPK

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (“Corruption Eradication Commission”).


KPK

(mathematics) Initialism of kelipatan persekutuan terkecil.


kelipatan persekutuan terkecil

id-noun

kelipatan persekutuan terkecil (plural kelipatan-kelipatan persekutuan terkecil)

least common multiple
least common multiple


faktor persekutuan terbesar

greatest common divisor
greatest common divisor


FPB

faktor persekutuan terbesar
faktor persekutuan terbesar#Indonesian

Initialism of faktor persekutuan terbesar.


politisi

Borrowed from Dutch politici, the plural form of politicus.


doea

1922, Kartini, Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang, Balai Pustaka, hlm. 25

if there is nothing which is that two problem.

"kalau tiada barang jang 'doea' perkara itoe"


gatra

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦠꦿ (gatra), from Sanskrit गात्र (gātra, “body”).

(uncommon) manifestation (the embodiment of an intangible, or variable thing)

(linguistics) a grammatical quality of a verb which determines the relationship of the speaker to the internal temporal flow of the event which the verb describes, or whether the speaker views the event from outside as a whole, or from within as it is unfolding

the way something appears when viewed from a certain direction or perspective


tanggal

From Malay tanggal (“to fall off”), from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋgal (“unfastened, detached”).
* For the sense of date (day and month), a semantic loan from Javanese ꦠꦁꦒꦭ꧀ (tanggal, “date, beginning of the lunar month”), from Old Javanese taṅgal (“waxing (of the moon), first half of the lunar month”), probably from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋgal (“unfastened, detached”), refers to the new moon which moon is detached from the night sky.

der

menanggalkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menanggali [agent focus + causative benefactive]

ditanggalkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

ditanggali [patient focus + causative benefactive]


tanggal

(Standard Malay)


busi

From Dutch bougie, from French bougie (“spark plug, candle”), ultimately from French Bougie, the historical French name for the Algerian town of Béjaïa.


aiptu

(law enforcement) acronym of ajun inspektur polisi satu (Indonesia)


AJB

akta jual beli
akta jual beli#Indonesian

(business, real estate) Initialism of akta jual beli.


PDH

pakaian dinas harian
pakaian dinas harian#Indonesian


alpukat

Audio

Inherited from Dutch East Indies Malay, there are several possibilities:
* influenced from an archaic word of Sundanese alpoekat (“advocate”), from Dutch advocaat (“attorney, lawyer”)
* from Arabic الْأَفُوكَاتَة (al-ʔafūkāta, “avocado”), a variant of أفوكادو
* from corruption of Dutch avocado (“avocado”).
Ultimately from Latin American Spanish avocado, from the earlier aguacate, which comes from Classical Nahuatl āhuacatl (“avocado”).

الْأَفُوكَاتَة

adpokat (alternative nonstandard)
advokat (alternative nonstandard)
alpokat (alternative nonstandard)
alpoekat (alternative)

the large, usually yellowish-green or black, savory fruit of the avocado tree

Persea americana
Persea americana#Translingual

the avocado tree, Persea americana, of the laurel family


cabor

Acronym of cabang olahraga (“discipline”).


antesis

antésis (canonical)
antesis-antesis (plural)

From English anthesis, from Ancient Greek ἄνθησις (ánthēsis, “flowering”).


ADK

(finance) Initialism of arsip data komputer (“computer data archive”).


APBN

anggaran pendapatan dan belanja negara#Indonesian

(finance, government) Initialism of anggaran pendapatan dan belanja negara (“national government budget”).


APBD

anggaran pendapatan dan belanja daerah#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of anggaran pendapatan dan belanja daerah.


APD

aplikasi penarikan dana
aplikasi penarikan dana#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of aplikasi penarikan dana.

alat pelindung diri
alat pelindung diri#Indonesian

personal protective equipment
personal protective equipment

Initialism of alat pelindung diri (“personal protective equipment”)


BLU

badan layanan umum
badan layanan umum#Indonesian


perunggu

pêrunggu (canonical)
perunggu-perunggu (plural)

a naturally occurring or man-made alloy of copper, usually in combination with tin, but also with one or more other metals

perunggu:

a reddish-brown colour, the colour of bronze


fotomodel

id-noun

fotomodèl (plural fotomodel-fotomodel or para fotomodel)

fotomodèl (canonical)
fotomodel-fotomodel (plural)
para fotomodel (plural)


kemenkeu

kementerian keuangan
kementerian keuangan#Indonesian


menkeu

menteri keuangan
menteri keuangan#Indonesian


kementerian keuangan

kementerian keuangan (plural kementerian-kementerian keuangan)


menteri keuangan

mêntêri kêuangan (plural menteri-menteri keuangan or para menteri keuangan)

mêntêri kêuangan (canonical)
menteri-menteri keuangan (plural)
para menteri keuangan (plural)


Kemendikbud

kementerian pendidikan dan kebudayaan#Indonesian

Acronym of kementerian pendidikan dan kebudayaan.


kementerian pendidikan dan kebudayaan

kementerian pendidikan dan kebudayaan (plural kementerian-kementerian pendidikan dan kebudayaan)

ministry of education and culture
ministry of education and culture


Mendikbud

menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan#Indonesian

Acronym of menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan.


menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan

menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan (plural menteri-menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan)

minister of education and culture
minister of education and culture


kebudayaan

kebudayaan-kebudayaan (plural)
kebudajaan (alternative)
keboedajaan (alternative)
keboedajaän (alternative)


kementerian

kêmêntêrian (canonical)
kementerian-kementerian (plural)

Affixed of menteri + ke- -an. Doublet of kemantren.

(government) ministration, the act of ministering

ministry,
ministration, the act of ministering

(government) government department, at the administrative level normally headed by a minister (or equivalent rank, e.g. secretary of state), who holds it as portfolio, especially in a constitutional monarchy, but also as a polity

ministership: the position held by a minister


kemendag

kementerian perdagangan
kementerian perdagangan#Indonesian


mendag

menteri perdagangan
menteri perdagangan#Indonesian


rapih

head

rapih (comparative lebih rapih, superlative terapih, equative serapih)

lebih rapih (comparative)
terapih (superlative)
serapih (equative)

nonstandard form of rapi (“tidy; neat”).


lapor

From the dissimilation of Dutch rapport, from Middle Dutch rapport, from Middle French rapport. Doublet of rapor.


kata sandi

From compound of kata (“word”) + sandi (“code”), from calque of Dutch codewoord (“codeword, password”).

clq

(computing) password: a string of characters used to log in to a computer or network, to access a level in a video game, etc


putra mahkota

id-noun

putra mahkota (plural putra-putra mahkota)

From putra (“son; prince”) + mahkota (“crown”).


membakar

From Malay membakar,
from Classical Malay membakar. Equivalent to
From meng- + bakar.


memukul

From Malay memukul,
from Classical Malay memukul. Equivalent to
From meng- + pukul.

Jangan sampai aku memukulmu.

(transitive, figurative) to get too much profit

g7xh8B artinya bidak g7 memukul buah lawan di h8 dan sekaligus promosi jadi benteng.

g7xh8B means g7 pawn captured piece at h8 and promoted into rook.

(transitive, figurative, chess) to capture pieces


syabas

Inherited from Malay syabas, from Hindi शाबाश (śābāś, “well done”), from Classical Persian شاباش (šābāš).


tahniah

From through Malay tahniah, from Arabic تَهْنِئَة (tahniʔa, “congratulation”).

der

(Islam) words or expressions of congratulations, felicitations


beasiswa

béasiswa (canonical)
beasiswa-beasiswa (plural)
biasiswa (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

Compound of bea (“expense”) + siswa (“student”).

(education) scholarship, a grant-in-aid to a student

(education) bursary: a monetary award to university students that allows them to continue their studies


hak cipta

Compound of hak (“right”) + cipta (“intellectual”). Coined by Indonesian Soetan Mohammad Sjah in 1951. Replaced hak pengarang.


meletus

From Malay meletus, from Classical Malay meletus, equivalent to meng- + letus.


tabernakel

tabêrnakêl (canonical)
tabernakel-tabernakel (plural)

From Dutch tabernakel, from Middle Dutch tabernakel, from Latin tabernaculum, diminutive of taberna.

(Catholicism) a small ornamented cupboard or box used for the reserved sacrament of the Eucharist, normally located in an especially prominent place in a Roman Catholic church

(Jewish) the portable tent used before the construction of the temple, where the shekinah (presence of God) was believed to dwell

(Jewish) the Jewish Temple at Jerusalem (as continuing the functions of the earlier tabernacle)


mangsa

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *mems-
Proto-Indo-European *mḗmsder.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *māmsám
Sanskrit मांस (māṃsa)bor.
Malay mangsa
Indonesian mangsa
From Malay mangsa (“victim, corpse”), from Sanskrit मांस (māṃsa, “flesh”).

etymon

that which is or may be seized by animals to be devoured

prey
a person or thing given up as a victim

a living thing, usually an animal, that is eaten by another living thing


mangsa

head

mangsa (active memangsa, passive dimangsa)

(transitive) to prey on
to eat (as a predator)

(transitive) to prey on
(figuratively) to exploit or victimize


zuhur

zuhur-zuhur (plural)
juhur (alternative nonstandard)
lohor (alternative nonstandard)
zohor (alternative nonstandard)
duhur (alternative nonstandard)
dzuhur (alternative nonstandard)
zhuhur (alternative nonstandard)

From earlier lohor, from Malay lohor, zohor, zuhur, from Arabic ظُهْر (ẓuhr, “noon”).


Zuhur

From earlier Lohor, from Malay Lohor,
Zohor, Zuhur, from Arabic ظُهْر (ẓuhr, “noon”).


hipospadia

Affixed hipo- + *spadia, from English hypospadias, from Ancient Greek ὑποσπαδίᾱς (hupospadíās, “one who has the orifice of the urethra too low”).

der

(pathology) hypospadias: a congenital condition in males in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis


pemilik

Affixed
From peng- + milik, from Malay pemilik.


menunjuk

head

menunjuk (base tunjuk, imperative tunjuk, active menunjuk, passive ditunjuk)

tunjuk (imperative)
menunjuk (active)
ditunjuk (passive)

Affixed meng- + tunjuk, from Malay menunjuk, from Classical Malay menunjuk.

to extend the index finger in the direction of something in order to show where it is or to draw attention to it

to draw attention to something or indicate a direction

(transitive, figurative) to choose someone (to do something); to elect


mendengar

Aku bisa mendengarnya bersiul.


sengsara

From Malay sengsara, from Sanskrit संसार (saṃsāra, “course”).


sesar

Inherited from Malay sesar.
* The sense “fault” probably is a semantic loan from Japanese ずれ (zure, “slippage, a gap, shear”), a synonym of 斷層(だんそう) (dansō, “fault”, literally “gap”).

ja-r

(seismology) fault: A fracture in a rock formation causing a discontinuity


Filemon

Borrowed from Dutch Filemon, from Ancient Greek Φιλήμων (Philḗmōn), φιλήμων (philḗmōn, “kindly, affectionate”), φιλέω (philéō, “I love”).

Philemon: The eighteenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of Saint Paul to a fellow Christian called Philemon


hipotesis

hipotesis-hipotesis (plural)
hipotesa (alternative)

Affixed hipo- + tesis, from learned borrowing from Late Latin hypothesis, from Ancient Greek ὑπόθεσις (hupóthesis, “base, basis of an argument, supposition”, literally “a placing under”), itself from ὑποτίθημι (hupotíthēmi, “I set before, suggest”), from ὑπό (hupó, “below”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I put, place”).


pencari

finder; searcher; seeker (one who does one of, or more than one of those actions)


dikarenakan

From karena + di- -kan. Proscribed formation from karena, possibly by analogy with sebab and disebabkan. The agent focus form "mengarenakan" does not exist.

Maraknya korupsi di Indonesia dikarenakan gaji pegawai yang jauh dari kata cukup untuk hidup layak.

The rise of corruption in Indonesia is caused by officials' salaries being far from enough to live a decent life.


dikarenakan

Dikarenakan cuaca saat itu sejuk dan tidak panas, ...

2015, Laporan Konferensi Wikimedia 2015:

Since the weather was cool and was not warm, ...


naskah

Inherited from Malay naskah, naskhah (Standard Malay naskhah), from Arabic نُسْخَة (nusḵa). Semantic loan from Dutch handschrift.

a book, composition or any other document, written by hand (or manually typewritten), not mechanically reproduced

a single, original copy of a book, article, composition etc, written by hand or even printed, submitted as original for (copy-editing and) reproductive publication

draft: an early version of a written work

(journalism) the text that is to be typeset

(journalism) the text of newspaper articles

copy:
a printed edition of a book or magazine

a written document that reports scientific or academic research and is usually subjected to peer review before publication in a scientific journal (as a journal article or the manuscript for one) or in the proceedings of a scientific or academic meeting (such as a conference, workshop, or symposium)

a written document, generally shorter than a book (white paper, term paper), in particular one written for the Government


kajur

(education) Acronym of ketua jurusan (“department head”).


kaprodi

(education) Acronym of ketua program studi (“head of program”).

(education) Acronym of kepala program studi (“head of program”).


kapolri

Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia#Indonesian

(law enforcement) Acronym of Kepala Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia.


kapolsek

kepolisian sektor
kepolisian sektor#Indonesian

(law enforcement) Acronym of kepala kepolisian sektor.


kapolres

kepolisian resor
kepolisian resor#Indonesian

(law enforcement) Acronym of kepala kepolisian resor.


Polri

w:id:Kepolisan Negara Republik Indonesia

(law enforcement) Acronym of Kepolisan Negara Republik Indonesia (“Indonesian National Police”).


polsek

(law enforcement) Acronym of kepolisian sektor.


polres

(law enforcement) Acronym of kepolisian resor.


kodam

(military) acronym of komando daerah militer (“military region command”) (Indonesia)


pangdam

komando daerah militer
komando daerah militer#Indonesian

(military) acronym of panglima komando daerah militer (“military region commander”) (Indonesia)


Kostrad

angkatan darat
angkatan darat#Indonesian

(military) Acronym of komando cadangan strategis angkatan darat.


diklat

Acronym of pendidikan dan pelatihan (“education and training”).


akuarium

Borrowed from Dutch aquarium, from Latin aquārium (compare Malay akuarium).


begawan

From Malay begawan, from Sanskrit भगवान् (bhagavān).

(figurative) cornerstone person in a subject


Bartolomeus

Learned borrowing from Latin Bartholomaeus, from Ancient Greek Βαρθολομαῖος (Bartholomaîos).

der

Βαρθολομαῖος


dusun

Inherited from Malay دوسون (dusun). Cognate of Javanese ꦝꦸꦱꦸꦤ꧀ (dhusun), Balinese ᬤᬸᬲᬸᬦ᭄ (dusun).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">dusun</i>

(government) division of administrative areas in Indonesia which are located under sub-districts or villages


silap

khilaf (alternative)
hilap (alternative)
silaf (alternative)

Mispronunciation of Arabic خِلَاف (ḵilāf). Doublet of khilaf.


duku

→ Dutch: doekoe

Lansium domesticum
Lansium domesticum#Translingual


bangsi

(dialectal) Synonym of seruling (“flute”)


wacana

→ Malay: wacana

Borrowed from Javanese ꦮꦕꦤ (wacana, “word; commandment; speech; to speak, to talk”), from Old Javanese wacana (“speech, word; sound, voice; teaching”), from Sanskrit वचन (vacana).

der

exposition the act or process of declaring or describing something through either speech or writing; an essay or speech in which any topic is discussed in detail


enggak

nggak (alternative)
gak (alternative)
engga (alternative)
ngga (alternative)
ga (alternative)

From Betawi engga' (“no”), from Javanese ꦔ꧀ꦒꦏ꧀ (nggak), ꦒꦏ꧀ (gak, “no, not”) probably ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer [Term?].


takhta

From Malay takhta (“throne”), from Persian تختها (taxt-hâ, plural).


pelanduk

pĕlanduk (canonical)
pelanduk-pelanduk (plural)

From Malay pelanduk, from Classical Malay pelanduk (“mousedeer”).


selalu

sêlalu (canonical)
s'lalu (alternative contraction)
slalu (alternative contraction)


angkin

From Betawi angkin or Malay angkin, from Hokkien 紅裙 /红裙.


astaka

astaka-astaka (plural)
setaka (alternative)


pemandu

pêmandu (canonical)
pemandu-pemandu (plural)

From Malay pemandu. Equivalent to peng- + pandu.

guider (someone who guides, especially someone hired to show people around a place or an institution and offer information and explanation)

guide:
guidepost (a sign that guides people)


pekerja

pêkêrja (canonical)
pekerja-pekerja (plural)

Affixed pe- + kerja, inherited from Malay pekerja.


pelayan

Inherited from Malay pelayan (“server; waiter”). Equivalent to peng- + layan.


pembaca

id-noun

pêmbaca (plural pembaca-pembaca or para pembaca)

pêmbaca (canonical)
pembaca-pembaca (plural)
para pembaca (plural)


pembeli

From Malay pembeli,
from Classical Malay pembeli. Equivalent to peng- + beli.

a person who purchases; buyer; customer; purchaser


saputangan

Compound of sapu + tangan, inherited from Malay saputangan. Compare to Japanese 手拭(てぬぐ)い (tenugui, “hand towel, washcloth, handkerchief, bandana”, literally “hand wiper”).


nikmat

From Malay nikmat, from Arabic نِعْمَة (niʕma).


sundari

From Sanskrit सुन्दरी (sundarī, “beautiful”).

(music) sundari: a double-reed wind instrument with seven to nine holes, related to the shehnai


kelicuk

a Rejangese pastry, made from glutinous rice and banana and usually wrapped like a cone with banana leaf


keamanan

Inherited from Malay keamanan. Equivalent to aman + ke- -an.

(uncountable) safeness (the quality or state of being safe)

(uncountable) the condition or feeling of being safe

safety
the condition or feeling of being safe

(mechanics) a mechanism on a weapon or dangerous equipment designed to prevent accidental firing

(uncountable) secureness (the quality or state of being secure)

(uncountable) the condition of not being threatened, especially physically, psychologically, emotionally, or financially

an organization or department responsible for providing security by enforcing laws, rules, and regulations as well as maintaining order


berguna

From Malay berguna, from Classical Malay berguna. Equivalent to ber- + guna.


dahaga

From Malay dahaga (“thirsty”), from Sanskrit दाहक (dāhaka, “burning, setting on fire”).


dahaga

From Sanskrit द्रोह (droha, “rebellion, discrimination”) + Sanskrit -क (-ka). Compare to Malay dahagi.


kejayaan

kêjayaan (canonical)
kejayaan-kejayaan (plural)


biduan

From Malay biduan, from Sanskrit विद्वान् (vidvān, “wise man”). Doublet of bidan.


camca

Inherited from Malay camca, from Hindi चमचा (camcā), from Classical Persian چمچه (čamča, čumča), ultimately of Turkic origin.


istimewa

From Malay istimewa, from Classical Malay istimewa, said to be from Sanskrit आस्तामेव (āstāmeva, literally “May it keep on being so.”), i.e. आस्ताम् (āstām), the middle-voice 3rd-person singular imperative of आस् (ās, “to sit; to continue; to exist; to last”) + एव (eva), a particle for emphasis. However, the form may have been influenced by Arabic loanwords.

m+

Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia


kemeja

kêmèja (canonical)
kemeja-kemeja (plural)

From Malay kemeja, from Portuguese camisa, from Old Galician-Portuguese camisa (“shirt”), from Late Latin camisia (“shirt”), from Transalpine Gaulish, of Germanic origin, from Proto-Germanic *hamiþiją (“clothes, shirt, skirt”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱam- (“cover, clothes”). Doublet of kamisa.


tilam

mattress (a pad on which a person can recline and sleep)


senarai

sênarai (canonical)
senarai-senarai (plural)


nelayan

From Malay nelayan, ultimately from Tamil நுளையன் (nuḷaiyaṉ).


sdm

Lowercase spelling and dot absence follow English tbsp.

Abbreviation of sendok makan (“tbsp, tablespoon”).


kadera

kadèra (canonical)
kadera-kadera (plural)

From Portuguese cadeira, from Old Galician-Portuguese cadeira, from Vulgar Latin *cathēgra, variant of Latin cathedra, from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra), from κατά (katá, “above”) + ἕδρα (hédra, “chair”). Doublet of katedral.

(obsolete) litter (a seat to carry a person)


pelajaran

pêlajaran (canonical)
pelajaran-pelajaran (plural)
pladjaran (alternative)

Affixed ajar + per- -an or pelajar + -an, from Malay pelajaran. Nominalization of belajar.

lesson: something learned or to be learned

keterpelajaran [agentless action + passive]


pelajaran

Aku suka pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia.

(colloquial) subject: an area of knowledge that is taught or studied in learning institutions


kesukaran

kêsukaran (canonical)
kesukaran-kesukaran (plural)

Affixed sukar + ke- -an, inherited from Malay kesukaran.


kesukaran

(colloquial) to face a such situation (difficulty, trouble, hardship, or destitution)


dorna

From Betawi dorna (“agitator”), from Sanskrit द्रोण (droṇa, “Droṇa”).


diri

From Malay diri, from Proto-Malayic *diri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *diRi (“to stand”).

inh

(psychology) ego: The most central part of the mind, which mediates with one's surroundings


jamin

From Malay jamin, from Classical Persian ضامن (zāmin), from Arabic ضَامِن (ḍāmin, “guarantor, warrantor, one who guarantees”).


milenial

referring to the 1,000th anniversary of an event or happening

millennial,
related to milenium
occurring every thousand years

of or relating to people born in the last two decades of the 20th century.


kacang tanah

id-noun

kacang tanah (plural kacang-kacang tanah)


gurita

From Malay gurita, from Proto-Malayic *gurita, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *guʀita (co-existing with *kuʀita), from Proto-Austronesian *guʀiCa. Compare to Cebuano kugita, Fijian kuita, Marshallese kweet.

octopus (any of several marine molluscs of the family Octopodidae)

octopus (the flesh of these marine molluscs eaten as food)


gurita

a chest or stomach wrapping cloth, which has straps or adhesives, mainly used for babies or new mothers


bagan

Borrowed from Minangkabau [Term?]. Cognate of Malay bagan


bagan

From Riau Malay [Term?]. Cognate of Malay bagan.

a rest stop for people who search for wood or rubber in the forest, in the form of a roof that slopes to one side, has four poles, and a low platform floor


sunting

head

sunting (actice menyunting, passive disunting)

Inherited from Malay sunting (“to edit”).


sunting

(of men, chiefly dialectal) to marry someone


sunting

ornament (flower etc.) worn behind the ear


wazari

Borrowed from Japanese 技あり (わざあり, waza-ari).


IMD

inisiasi menyusu dini
inisiasi menyusu dini#Indonesian

(medicine) Initialism of inisiasi menyusu dini (“early breastfeeding initiation”).


agul

From Sundanese ᮃᮌᮥᮜ᮪ (agul), from Persian [Term?].


bangbang

bangbang:

salmon, salmon pink: a pale pinkish-orange colour, the colour of cooked salmon


jawaban

answer (a response or reply; something said or done in reaction to a statement or question)


tapol

tahanan politik
tahanan politik#Indonesian

Acronym of tahanan politik (“political prisoner”).


laksamana

laksamana-laksamana (plural)
laksmana (alternative nonstandard)

From Malay laksamana,
from Classical Malay laksamana, from Sanskrit लक्ष्मण (lakṣmaṇa).

(military) naval officer of the highest rank

admiral:
naval officer of the highest rank

(military) a high rank in the navies, NATO grade OF-9, equivalent ranks in other navies, in coast guards, etc.


kepompong

kêpompong (canonical)
kepompong-kepompong (plural)

Inherited from Malay kepompong, possibly from ke- + pompong.

chrysalis (the pupa of a butterfly or moth)


larangan

rambu larangan


larang

larang (root)
melarang (active nominative)
terlarang (nominative passive)
dilarang (nominative passive)
larang (nominative)
laranglah (nominative)
melarangkan (active)
terlarangkan (passive)
dilarangkan (passive)
larangkan
larangkanlah
memperlarangkan (active causative)
terperlarangkan (causative passive)
diperlarangkan (causative passive)
perlarangkan (causative)
perlarangkanlah (causative)

From Malay larang, ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *laʀaŋ (“to forbid”).

melarangkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


siter

sitêr (canonical)
siter-siter (plural)
sitar (alternative)
ziter (alternative)

From Dutch citer, from Middle Dutch cythaer, from Old Dutch cithara, from Latin cithara, from Ancient Greek κιθάρα (kithára, “kind of harp”).


kata sifat

* From Malay kata sifat. Reconstructed as kata + sifat.
* Semantic loan from Arabic صِفَات (ṣifāt), plural of صِفَة (ṣifa, “adjective”) for adjective sense.


faedah

faèdah (canonical)
faedah-faedah (plural)

From Malay faedah, from Arabic فَائِدَة (fāʔida, “usefulness, advantage”).


berfaedah

From Malay berfaedah, from Classical Malay berfaedah. Equivalent to ber- + faedah.

Jangan menganggap bahwa nasihat orang tua tidaklah berfaedah.

Do not assume that parental advise is useless (lit. "is not useful")


nasihat

nasihat-nasihat (plural)
nasehat (alternative nonstandard)

From Malay nasihat, from Classical Malay nasihat, from Arabic نَصِيحَة (naṣīḥa, “advise”).

sincere advice; exhortation (especially given by older people to younger)


dialek

Borrowed from Dutch dialect, from Middle French dialecte, from Latin dialectos, dialectus, from Ancient Greek διάλεκτος (diálektos, “conversation, the language of a country or a place or a nation, the local idiom which derives from a dominant language”), from διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “I participate in a dialogue”), from διά (diá, “inter, through”) + λέγω (légō, “I speak”).

(strict sense) a lect (often a regional or minority language) as part of a group or family of languages, especially if they are viewed as a single language, or if contrasted with a standardized idiom that is considered the 'true' form of the language (for example, Bavarian as contrasted with Standard German)

(broad sense) a variety of a language that is characteristic of a particular area, community, or social group, differing from other varieties of the same language in relatively minor ways as regards grammar, phonology, and lexicon


calar-balar

From Malay calar-balar. Equivalent to reduplication of calar.

intensively scratched, having a lot of scratches


khizanatulkitab

khizanatulkitab-khizanatulkitab (plural)
chizanatoelkitab (alternative)

From Malay khizanatulkitab,
from Classical Malay khizanatulkitab, from Arabic خِزَانَةُ الكِتَاب (ḵizānatu l-kitāb).

خِزَانَةُ الكِتَاب

(obsolete, literature) Synonym of perpustakaan (“library”)


mangut

Borrowed from Javanese ꦩꦔꦸꦠ꧀ (mangut, “a particular dish of hot and spicy fish cooked in coconut milk”), from Old Javanese maṅut (“a particular kind of fish”).

der

(cooking) hot and spicy fish cooked in coconut milk


hukum pelengkap

id-noun

hukum pelengkap (plural hukum-hukum pelengkap)

Compound of hukum + pelengkap, calque of Dutch aanvullend recht.


penggelapan

From gelap + peng- -an. The sense “embezzlement” is a semantic loan from Dutch verduistering.


putusan sela

putusan sela (plural putusan-putusan sela)

Compound of putusan (“sentence, verdict”) + sela (“interim, provisional”).

com+

interlocutory decision
interlocutory decision

(law) interlocutory decision: a temporary ruling made by a court that is not the final judgment in a case


sungkit

From Malay sungkit, from Classical Malay sungkit.

to embroider with bits of gold or silver thread; to weave songket cloth


azimat

azimat-azimat (plural)
ajimat (alternative)

From Malay azimat, from Arabic عَزِيمَة (ʕazīmat), the informal construct state of عزيمة (ʕazīma). Doublet of jimat.


RDJ

Republik Demokratis Jerman
w:id:Republik Demokratis Jerman

Initialism of Republik Demokratis Jerman (“German Democratic Republic”).


riol

Borrowed from Dutch riool (“sewer”), from Middle Dutch riole, probably from Middle French rigole (“ditch, sewer”), from Old French regol, from Middle Dutch regel (“row”), from Latin rēgula (“straight line”).

sewer: a pipe or system of pipes used to remove human waste and to provide drainage


lentera

lêntèra (canonical)
lentera-lentera (plural)
lantera (alternative)

Borrowed from Portuguese lanterna (“lantern”), from Latin lanterna (“lantern”), itself a corruption of Ancient Greek λαμπτήρ (lamptḗr, “torch”) by influence of Latin lucerna (“lamp”).


obligasi

→ Malay: obligasi

* Borrowed from Dutch obligatie, from Middle Dutch obligacie, from Old French obligation, from Latin obligātiō.
* Semantic loan from English obligation.

(law) evidence of a long-term debt, by which the bond issuer (the borrower) is obliged to pay interest when due, and repay the principal at maturity, as specified on the face of the bond certificate

(finance) a documentary obligation to pay a sum or to perform a contract; a debenture

bond
moral or political duty or obligation

a social, legal, or moral requirement, duty, contract, or promise that compels someone to follow or avoid a particular course of action

a course of action imposed by society, law, or conscience by which someone is bound or restricted

(law) a legal agreement stipulating a specified action or forbearance by a party to the agreement; the document containing such agreement

reason for being obliged to, that is, grateful for, something


lomba

lomba-lomba (plural)
lumba (alternative)

From Malay lumba, from Proto-Malayic *lumbaʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumbeq.


pesawat udara

id-noun

pesawat udara (plural pesawat-pesawat udara)

Compound of pesawat (“machine”) + udara (“air”). Modelled after pesawat terbang. Compare to Chinese 航空器 (“aircraft”, literally “aviation (ship + air) + machine”)


magang

Inherited from Malay magang (“apprentice”), from Javanese ꦩꦒꦁ (magang, “apprentice”).


magang

Inherited from Malay magang (“overripe”).


kutuk

kutuk (root)
mengutuk (active nominative)
terkutuk (nominative passive)
dikutuk (nominative passive)
kutuk (nominative)
kutuklah (nominative)
mengutukkan (active)
terkutukkan (passive)
dikutukkan (passive)
kutukkan
kutukkanlah
memperkutukkan (active causative)
terperkutukkan (causative passive)
diperkutukkan (causative passive)
perkutukkan (causative)
perkutukkanlah (causative)

(transitive) to curse
to place a curse upon

to call upon divine or supernatural power to send injury upon

(transitive) to curse
to bring great evil upon

(transitive) to denounce; to condemn (to criticize or speak out against; to point out as deserving of reprehension, etc.; to openly accuse in a threatening manner)


zarah

zarah-zarah (plural)
zarrah (alternative)

Inherited from Malay zarah, from Classical Malay ضاررح (dharrah), ذرح (dzarah), ذره (zarah), زررح (zarrah), from Arabic ذَرَّة (ḏarra, “tiny particle, speck, mote”).

der

(biology, ecology, uncommon) small object

(physics, uncommon) any of various physical objects making up the constituent parts of an atom; an elementary particle or subatomic particle


Arkaikum

(geology) the eon from 2,500 Ma to 4,000 Ma; Archaean


sesal

From Malay sesal,
from Classical Malay sesal.


sesal

sesal (root)
menyesal (active nominative)
tersesal (nominative passive)
disesal (nominative passive)
sesal (nominative)
sesallah (nominative)
menyesali (active)
tersesali (passive)
disesali (passive)
sesali
sesalilah
menyesalkan (active)
tersesalkan (passive)
disesalkan (passive)
sesalkan
sesalkanlah
mempersesal (active causative nominative)
terpersesal (causative nominative passive)
dipersesal (causative nominative passive)
persesal (causative nominative)
persesallah (causative nominative)
mempersesali (active causative)
terpersesali (causative passive)
dipersesali (causative passive)
persesali (causative)
persesalilah (causative)
mempersesalkan (active causative)
terpersesalkan (causative passive)
dipersesalkan (causative passive)
persesalkan (causative)
persesalkanlah (causative)


kubis

From Malay kubis, from Portuguese couves, plural form of couve, from Old Galician-Portuguese couve, from earlier *coue, from Latin caulis, caulem (“stem of a cabbage”), from Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”). Doublet of kol.


boneka

Inherited from Malay boneka, from Portuguese boneca, from Spanish muñeca (“doll”), from Old Spanish munneca.

Negara boneka


golok

a cutting tool, similar to a machete, used in agriculture and as a weapon


jas hujan

From jas (“suit jacket”) + hujan (“rain”).


saling

→ Min Nan: 家量 (ka-liông)

Mereka saling membenci.


kesalingan

Inherited from Malay kesalingan. Equivalent to saling + ke- -an.


penting

pênting (canonical)
penting-penting (plural)


mendoa

From Malay mendoa. Equivalent to
meng- + doa.


bakero

Borrowed from Japanese 馬鹿野郎 (bakayarō, “idiot”). Compare to Singaporean English bakero (“idiot”).


aksis

Borrowed from Dutch axis (“axle, axis”).


energi potensial

id-noun

energi potensial (plural energi-energi potensial)


stabilo

Genericization of the German trademark Schwan-Stabilo.


sulur

aerial roots, roots that grow from branches (such as on a banyan tree)


Pontianak

From Pontianak Malay pontianak, from Sanggau pontianak, a portmanteau compound of ponti (“carry”) + anak (“child”). Folklore says the pontianaks once inhabited the site before city founded by Sultan.

com+

The capital and largest city of West Kalimantan, Indonesia


dagang

From Malay dagang. The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary treated the word as a loan distribution originating either in Old Javanese dagaṅ or Malay.


dagang

From Minangkabau [Term?], from Malay dagang. See previous etymology.

(dialect) infinitive, imperative, colloquial of mendagang (“to carry”)


meru

From Javanese meru (ꦩꦺꦫꦸ) and Balinese meru (ᬫᬾᬭᬸ), from Old Javanese meru, from Sanskrit मेरु (meru).

Mount Meru: the sacred five-peaked mountain of Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist cosmology and is considered to be the center of all the physical, metaphysical and spiritual universes

Meru tower: the principal shrine of a Balinese temple, a wooden, pagoda-like structure with a masonry base, a wooden chamber and multi-tiered thatched roofs

triangular decoration as a symbol of the divine being


berdagang

From Malay berdagang, from Classical Malay berdagang. Equivalent to ber- + dagang.


pedagang

From Malay pedagang,
from Classical Malay pedagang. Equivalent to pe- + dagang.

Pedagang kaki lima


Adithya

a male given name from Sanskrit: alternative spelling of Aditya


garasi

garasi-garasi (plural)
garaj (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Dutch garage, from French garage (“keeping under cover, protection, shelter”), derivative of French garer (“to keep under cover, dock, shunt, guard, keep”), from Middle French garer, garrer, guerrer; partly from Old French garir, warir (from Old Frankish *warjan); and partly from Old French varer (“to fight, defend oneself, protect”), from Old Norse varask (“to defend oneself”), reflexive of vara (“to ware, watch out, defend”); both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *warjaną (“to defend, ward off”), *warōną (“to watch, protect”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to close, cover, protect, save, defend”).

der

garage, a building (or section of a building) used to store a car or cars, tools and other miscellaneous items


ngerti

Unadapted borrowing from Javanese ngerti. Equivalent to meng- + erti.


wasiat

Inherited from Malay wasiat, from Classical Malay وصية (wasiat), from Arabic وَصِيَّة (waṣiyya).

bequest, will, testament: last request or order before someone's death


biodiversitas

Affixed bio- + diversitas, learned borrowing from New Latin biodīversitās.


lewat

léwat (canonical)
liwat (alternative nonstandard)

Inherited from Malay lewat, from Proto-Malayic *liwat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaliwat.


lewat

(of time) past (any number of minutes after the last hour)


hanyut

Inherited from Malay hanyut, from Proto-Malayic *hañut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qañud, from Proto-Austronesian *qañud.

to drift, be carried away (by the current), washed away

to go or travel far away, to wander far away

to be carried away (by something), to be crazy about


POU

pengawas operasional utama
pengawas operasional utama#Indonesian

(mining) Acronym of pengawas operasional utama.


madar

From Minangkabau [Term?], from Pali मद (mada, “pride, intoxication, conceit, sexual excess”), from Sanskrit मद (mada).

der

(archaic, dialect, Minangkabau) heartless


undi

From Malay undi, from Javanese ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦝꦶ (undhi, “to decide by lot”), from Old Javanese uṇḍi (“ball”), from Tamil உண்டை (uṇṭai, “ball, dice”).

lot: anything (as a die, pebble, ball, or slip of paper) used in determining a question by chance, or without human choice or will


undi

to select (an item) at random to decide which of a group of people will receive or undergo something; to select (a person) by this process

to conduct (a lottery); to select (the numbers) for a lottery


normalitas

the state of being normal or usual; normalcy

gram equivalent weight
gram equivalent weight

(chemistry) the concentration of a solution expressed in gram equivalent weights of solute per litre of solution

(mathematics, statistics) a measure of how well an observed distribution approximates a normal distribution


belacan

bêlacan (canonical)
belacan-belacan (plural)


belacan

From Javanese ꦧ꧀ꦭꦕꦤ꧀ (blacan, “a kind of wild cat”).


mengiler

(figurative) to desire (especially about foods or drinks)


kencing manis

id-noun

kencing manis (plural kencing-kencing manis)

Compound kencing (“to urinate”) and manis (“sweet”), from Malay kencing manis, from Chinese 糖尿 (“diabetes mellitus”, literally “glycosuria”).


kencing-mengencingi

(reciprocal) to urinate one another, to urinate on each other


mengencingi

Sangat ketakutan sehingga mengencingi celananya sendiri.

[He was] very scared until he urinated on his own pants.


terkencing

From Malay terkencing,
from Classical Malay terkencing. Equivalent to
From ter- + kencing.

to accidentally or unintentionally urinate


praktis

→ Malay: praktis

→ Sundanese: ᮕ᮪ᮛᮊ᮪ᮒᮤᮞ᮪ (praktis)

From Dutch praktisch, from German praktisch, from Late Latin practicus, influenced by French pratique.

based on practice or action rather than theory or hypothesis

being likely to be effective and applicable to a real situation; able to be put to use


pilihan

an option; a decision; an opportunity to choose or select something

one selection or preference; that which is chosen or decided; the outcome of a decision


kendali

kêndali (canonical)
kendali-kendali (plural)

Inherited from Malay kendali, from Javanese ꦏꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦭꦶ (kendhali), from Old Javanese kuṇḍali, from Sanskrit कुण्डल (kuṇḍala, “ear-ring, rope, tie”).

der

rein: a strap or rope attached to a bridle or bit, used to control a horse, animal or young child

Hilang kendali.


terkendali

Jangan khawatir; polisi sudah dihubungi dan keadaan sudah terkendali.

Don't worry; the police have been called and the situation is under control.


penggaris

ruler (a flat, rectangular measuring or drawing device)


Sleman

From Javanese Sleman, from Arabic سُلَيْمَان (sulaymān).

a subdistrict in Sleman, Yogyakarta, seat of Sleman Regency


Ciamis

Ciamis (a regency of West Java, Indonesia)

Ciamis (a district of Ciamis Regency, West Java, Indonesia)

Ciamis (a village in Ciamis district, Ciamis Regency, West Java, Indonesia)


Kerinci

From Malay Kerinci, from Tamil குறிஞ்சி (kuṟiñci, “mountainous or hilly land”).

a Malayic language spoken by Kerincinese people


melekaskan

From Malay melekaskan. Equivalent to lekas + meng- -kan.

to make sooner, to make quicker, to quicken


imbuh

small extra, supplement, addition, lagniappe

sumur imbuh


imbuh

head

imbuh (active mengimbuh, passive diimbuh)


DIPA

(government) Initialism of daftar isian pelaksanaan anggaran.


Sambas

a Malayic language spoken by the Sambas people


Cilacap

From earlier Tjilatjap, from Javanese Tjilatjap, from Tlatjap, from tlatjap.


berahi

berahi-berahi (plural)
birahi (alternative)

From Sanskrit विरहिणी (virahiṇī, “separated from one's beloved, lonely”).

der

passion; often referring to sexual desire or arousal


berahi

passionate, very attracted to (especially in sexual context)


biaya

biaya-biaya (plural)
biaja (alternative)

Inherited from Malay biaya (“expense”), from Classical Malay biaya, byaja, from Old Javanese byaya (“expenses, contribution”), from Sanskrit व्यय (vyaya, “spending, expense, outlay, disbursement”). Doublet of bea.

cost: amount of money that is required or used

charge: the amount of money levied for a service

expense: a spending or consuming, often a disbursement of funds


pembiayaan

From Malay pembiayaan. Equivalent to biaya + peng- -an.


pembiaya

pêmbiaya (canonical)
pembiaya-pembiaya (plural)


pengeluaran

pêngêluaran (canonical)
pengeluaran-pengeluaran (plural)

From keluar (“to exit, to go out”) + peng- -an.


muncul

Ada seorang pria yang baru muncul dari kegelapan.

There's a man who just emerged from the darkness


pemuncul

pêmuncul (canonical)
pemuncul-pemuncul (plural)

one who makes emergent; an emergent maker


menjijikkan

head

mênjijikkan (comparative lebih menjijikkan, superlative paling menjijikkan or termenjijikkan, equative semenjijikkan)

mênjijikkan (canonical)
lebih menjijikkan (comparative)
paling menjijikkan (superlative)
termenjijikkan (superlative)
semenjijikkan (equative)

disgusting (causing disgust; repulsive; distasteful)


kejijikan

disgust (an intense dislike or loathing someone feels for something bad or nasty)


Ternate

Ternate (an island in North Maluku, Indonesia)

Ternate (a city in North Maluku, Indonesia)


RPS

(education) Initialism of rencana pembelajaran semester (“semester lesson plan”).


mayones

mayonès (canonical)
mayones-mayones (plural)

Borrowed from French mayonnaise (“mayonnaise”).


-una

From English -yne. Influenced by -ana and -ena.


babit

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">babit</i>


babit

(metallurgy) babbitt: a soft white alloy of variable composition (for example, nine parts of tin to one of copper, or fifty parts of tin to five of antimony and one of copper) used in bearings to diminish friction


babit

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦧꦶꦠ꧀ (babit, “to swing, to slash”).


badak air

inherited from Malay badak air, from badak (“rhinoceros”) + air (“water”).


gairah

gairah-gairah (plural)
girah (alternative)
ghairah (alternative)

From Malay ghairah, gairah, from Classical Malay غيرە (ghairah), غيرە (gairah), from Arabic غَيْرَة (ḡayra, “jealousy, zeal”).


prototipe

prototipê (canonical)
prototipe-prototipe (plural)
prototaip (alternative)


suiseki

suiséki (canonical)
suiseki-suiseki (plural)

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 水石(すいせき) (suiseki, literally “water stone”), from 水 (すい, sui, “water”) + 石 (せき, seki, “stone”).

compound

suiseki: a Japanese artform in which attractively shaped rocks and stones are mounted and displayed


kasur

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦱꦸꦂ (kasur, “mattress”).

bor+

mattress (a pad on which a person can recline and sleep)


doyo

Borrowed from Japanese 道場 (どうじょう, dōjō, literally “place of the ways”): 道 (どう, dō, “road; way”) + 場 (じょう, jō, “place; place where events are held; flattened area for ceremonies or festivals”).

bor

(martial arts, nonstandard) a training facility, usually led by one or more sensei; a hall or room used for such training


kekuatan

From Malay kekuatan. Equivalent to kuat (“strong”) + ke- -an.


astaga

From Arabic أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللّٰهَ (ʔastaḡfiru llāha).

أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللّٰهَ


KNKT

English: KNKT

Initialism of Komite Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi.

initialism

(aviation) KNKT (“Komite Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi”) (NTSC (“National Transportation Safety Committee”))


unikorn

From English unicorn, from Middle English unicorne, unikorn, from Anglo-Norman unicorne, Old French unicorne, and their source, Latin ūnicornis, from ūnus (“one”) + cornū (“horn”).

(finance, trading) unicorn, a startup company whose valuation has exceeded one billion U.S. dollars, which is solely backed by venture capitalists, and which has yet to have an IPO


pemerintahan

pêmêrintahan (canonical)
pemerintahan-pemerintahan (plural)

Affixed perintah + peng- -an or pemerintah (“government”) + -an.

(Standard Malay)

the state and its administration viewed as the ruling political power; the tenure of a chief of state

affairs, the management or control of a system


perintah

pêrintah (canonical)
perintah-perintah (plural)


menghadiri

From Malay menghadiri, from Classical Malay menghadiri. Equivalent to hadir + meng- -i.


menghadirkan

(causative) to make present, to make to attend


ketidakhadiran

Affixed tidak hadir (“absent”) + ke- -an.


terasi

têrasi (canonical)
terasi-terasi (plural)

From Javanese ꦠꦿꦱꦶ (trasi). Cognate of Dutch trassi.

(cooking) terasi: The Indonesian version of belachan, a shrimp-paste condiment


egoisme

Borrowed from Dutch egoïsme, from German Egoismus.


ikatan

Affixed ikat + -an, inherited from Malay ikatan.

(chemistry) a link or force between neighbouring atoms in a molecule

association, club, organization, society, union

(mathematics, statistics) constraint: a condition that a solution to an optimization problem must satisfy


seperti

Affixed se- + perti, from Malay seperti, from Sanskrit प्रतिमा (pratimā, “likeliness”) or Sanskrit प्रति (prati, “towards”).


inkonsistensi

inkonsistènsi (canonical)
inkonsistensi-inkonsistensi (plural)

Affixed in- + konsisten + -si, from Dutch inconsistentie.


sosin

From Hakka 菜心 (chhoi-sîm, “choy sum”). Doublet of caisim.


baftah

baftah-baftah (plural)
bafta (alternative)

From Malay baftah, bafta, from Persian [Term?].


anak tunggal

From Malay anak tunggal, from Classical Malay انق توڠڬل (anak tunggal).


beruk

Inherited from Malay beruk, from Classical Malay بروق (bĕruk).

southern pig-tailed macaque
southern pig-tailed macaque

pigtail macaque, especially the southern pig-tailed macaque


seiyu

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 声優(せいゆう) (seiyū), from Middle Chinese 聲 (*ɕiɛ̝ŋ, “sound, voice”) + 優 (*ʔɨu, “actor”).

der

voice actor, an actor who provides voices or voice-overs for radio drama, animations, commercials, dubbed films, games in Japanese context


sekrup

sêkrup (canonical)
sekrup-sekrup (plural)


dialektik

dialèktik (canonical)
dialektik-dialektik (plural)


dialektik

dialèktik (canonical)
dialéktik (alternative)


bungkil

oil cake (the solid residue remaining after any oilseed has been pressed to remove the vegetable oil)


kangkung

From Malay kangkung, possibly from Hokkien 孔 (kháng, “hole”) + 空 (khong, “empty, hollow”). Cognate to Tagalog kangkong.

compound

Ipomoea aquatica
Ipomoea aquatica#Translingual


gelora

Affixed *gora + -el-, inherited from Malay gelora, from Javanese ꦒꦺꦴꦫ (gora).

menggelorakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


gelora

Acronym of gelanggang olahraga (“sports arena”).


kemuning

Inherited from Malay kemuning, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamuniŋ.

Murraya paniculata
Murraya paniculata#Translingual

orange jessamine (a south Asian shrub or small tree related to citrus, Murraya paniculata, grown for its evergreen foliage and fragrant flowers)


dangkal

having little depth; significantly less deep than wide

(figurative) not intellectually deep; not penetrating deeply; simple; not wise or knowing

(dialect, Jakarta) infertile (of land), barren

(dialect, Jakarta) unfinished, incomplete


gantang

melukut di tepi gantang


OKB

orang kaya baru
orang kaya baru#Indonesian

Initialism of orang kaya baru (“nouveau riche, new money”).


terkenal

From Malay terkenal, from Classical Malay terkenal. Equivalent to ter- + kenal (“to be acquainted”).


hacim

Possibly from French atchoum. Onomatopoeic.

(onomatopoeia) the sound of a sneeze; achoo


ganggang

head

ganggang (active mengganggang, passive diganggang)

mengganggang (active)
diganggang (passive)

Inherited from Malay ganggang, from Proto-Malayic *gaŋgaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gaŋgaŋ, from the root *-gaŋ. Related to panggang.

to broil, grill (to cook by direct, radiant heat)


ganggang

(uncommon) gap (opening made by breaking or parting)


ganggang

(uncommon) loose (not fixed in place tightly or firmly)


ganggang

seaweed (any of numerous marine plants and algae, such as a kelp)


landasan

* From Malay landasan, from Classical Malay landasan (“anvil”). Equivalent to landas + -an.
* Semantic loan from English runway for runway sense.


sedotan

drinking straw, straw (a long tube (usually made out of plastic or paper) through which a beverage is drunk via suction)


Suriah

Republik Arab Suriah

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


pengungsi

pêngungsi (canonical)
pengungsi-pengungsi (plural)

Affixed peng- + ungsi. Attested before 1947.

pengungsi Suriah


bakso

From Xiamen Hokkien 肉燥 (bah-sò), from 肉 (bah, “meat, flesh; pork”) + 燥 (sò, “minced meat”).


pangsit

penjual mi pangsit dekat Circle K

(cooking) wonton: a Chinese dumpling, often stuffed with varieties of meat or seafood and vegetables


micin

micin-micin (plural)
mecin (alternative)
pecin (alternative)
vetsin (alternative formal)

From Hakka 味精 (mi-chîn), from a genericized trademark of Tien Chu Ve-Tsin food company. The "味精" trademark itself ultimately comes from Japanese 味(み)精(せい) (misei). Cognate of Vietnamese mì chính. Doublet of mecin.

micin adalah penyedap rasa

monosodium glutamate
monosodium glutamate

(colloquial, cooking) MSG, monosodium glutamate


reformasi

→ English: Reformasi

→ Malay: reformasi

Borrowed from Dutch reformatie, from Middle Dutch reformacie, from Latin refōrmātiō.

reform, reformation (an amelioration in the form of institutions or practices in a country)


orang tua

elder, an older person or an older member, usually a leader, of some community


kustar

kustar-kustar (plural)
kastard [kastad] (alternative)

(cooking) custard: A type of sauce made from milk and eggs (and usually sugar, and sometimes vanilla or other flavourings) and thickened by heat, served hot poured over desserts, as a filling for some pies and cakes, or cold and solidified; also used as a base for some savoury dishes, such as quiches, or eaten as a stand-alone dessert


kala lampau

From kala + lampau. Calque of English past tense.


menampilkan

From Malay menampilkan,
from Classical Malay menampilkan. Equivalent to
From tampil + meng- -kan.

(transitive) to exhibit, to expose (to make a prominent exhibition of)

(transitive) to display, to show (to demonstrate on screen)


menayangkan

(transitive) to screen, to broadcast (to transmit content by television)


menayangkan

(transitive, rare) to bring (to bring something on hand)


menyiarkan

(transitive) to spread (to extend over a large or increasing area)

(transitive) to disseminate, to propagate, to promulgate (an idea, theory, etc.)

(transitive) to transmit, to broadcast (to disseminate content by television or radio)


tayang

menayangkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

ditayangkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

tertayangkan [agentless action + causative benefactive]

(intransitive) to display, to show (to be demonstrated on screen)

(intransitive) to air (to be broadcast on television)


TPU

tempat pemakaman umum
tempat pemakaman umum#Indonesian

Initialism of tempat pemakaman umum (“public cemetery”).


kapulasan

From Sundanese kapulasan. Doublet of pulasan.


mencerai-beraikan

From Malay mencerai-beraikan. Equivalent to
From cerai-berai + meng- -kan.

(transitive) to fragment, to disunite (to cause disagreement or alienation among or within)


memberantakkan

From berantak + meng- -kan. Attested before 1955.

(transitive) to disarray (to put out of array or order)


berantakan

in shambles, in disarray (in a dispersed state)

dilapidated, ruined (in a state of disrepair or ruin)


meninggalkan

meninggalkan (active meninggalkan, passive ditinggalkan, imperative tinggalkan, emphatic-jussive tinggalkanlah)

meninggalkan (active)
ditinggalkan (passive)
tinggalkan (imperative)

Affixation of tinggal + meng- -kan, from Malay meninggalkan,
from Classical Malay meninggalkan.

(transitive) to abandon, to forsake (to cease to support or look after someone)

(transitive) to spare, to retain (to keep at one's disposal)

(transitive) to abandon, to drop (to discontinue a course of action or study)

(transitive) to give up, to desist from, to stop (to discontinue a bad habit)

(transitive) to rule out, to exclude (to omit from consideration)

(transitive) to neglect, to put aside (to fail to care for or attend to something)


memetieskan

mempetieskan (alternative nonstandard proscribed)

(transitive) to sweep under the rug, to brush aside, to gloss over (to treat something with less care than it deserves)


menelantarkan

menerlantarkan (alternative nonstandard proscribed)
menterlantarkan (alternative nonstandard proscribed)
mentelantarkan (alternative nonstandard proscribed)

(transitive) to abandon, to desert (to cease to support or look after someone)


mendiamkan

From Malay mendiamkan,
from Classical Malay mendiamkan. Equivalent to
From diam + meng- -kan.

(transitive) to mute, to silence (to cause to become silent)

(transitive) to keep motionless (to bring to a standstill)

(transitive) to hush up, to do nothing about, to sweep under the rug


memodernkan

(transitive) to modernize (to make up-to-date, or modern in style or function)


menelusuri

(transitive) to walk along (the edge of a river or road)

(transitive) to trace (to follow the history of)

(transitive) to explore, to examine (to investigate thoroughly)

(transitive, computing, Internet) to browse (to explore a page through hyperlinks)

(transitive, computing, Internet) to search (to look up in a search engine)

(transitive, rare) to scan (to examine sequentially)


memindai

(transitive) to survey, to scrutinize (to look at something in great detail)

(transitive, medicine) to scan (to examine sequentially)

(transitive, computing) to scan (to create a digital copy of an image using a scanner)


bertatapan

bêrtatapan (canonical)
bertatap-tatapan (alternative)

(reciprocal, intransitive) to stare at each other


menelaah

From Malay menelaah, from Classical Malay menelaah. Equivalent to
From meng- + telaah.

(transitive) to study, to scrutinize, to examine (to look at minutely)

(transitive) to foretell, to prophesy (to predict, to tell the future before it occurs)


menggeluti

menggeluti (active menggeluti, passive digeluti)

(transitive) to grapple (to seize something and hold it firmly)

(transitive, figuratively) to delve into, to scrutinize, to explore (to examine a subject minutely and carefully)

(transitive, figuratively) to pursue (to participate in an activity, business etc.)

(transitive, figuratively) to pervade, to sink into (of feelings, thoughts etc.)


mencekoki

(transitive) to treat by administering a traditional herb medicine in a routine and forceful fashion (usually of a relucant child)

(transitive, by extension) to intoxicate with alcoholic drinks or drugs

(transitive, figuratively) to forcefully spoon-feed, to inculcate with beliefs and ideas, to indoctrinate


mencekokkan

(transitive, of a medicine) to administer in a forceful fashion

(transitive, figuratively) to hammer (into sb's head), to forcefully spoon-feed, to inculcate


amburadul

(colloquial) lousy (remarkably bad; of poor quality)


berbaur

From Malay berbaur, from Classical Malay berbaur. Equivalent to ber- + baur.

(intransitive) to commingle (to become mixed or blended)

(intransitive, of people) to integrate (to desegregate, as a school or neighborhood)

(intransitive, of people) to mix, to mingle (to associate with others socially)

(intransitive, chemistry) to dissolve (to be disintegrated chemically into a solution by immersion into a liquid or gas)


menumpukan

From Malay menumpukan. Equivalent to
From tumpu + meng- -kan.

(transitive) to rest (to lie or lean on something)

(transitive) to support (to keep from falling)

(transitive) to base, to ground (to provide with a foundation)

(transitive) to concentrate (to give one's time, focus one's efforts, commit oneself, etc. for a certain matter)


menunaikan

From Malay menunaikan,
from Classical Malay menunaikan. Equivalent to
From tunai + meng- -kan.

(transitive, of a check) to cash (to give or obtain notes or coins for)

(transitive, figurative) to carry out, to satisfy, carry out, bring to completion (an obligation, a requirement, etc.)


menohok

(transitive) to stab (to pierce or to wound somebody with a pointed tool or weapon)

(transitive) to betray (to prove faithless or treacherous to, as to a trust or one who trusts)


menodongkan

(transitive, of a weapon) to aim, to threaten with


mengacungkan

(transitive, especially of one's hand) to raise with the intention of drawing attention

(transitive, of a weapon) to point (to direct toward an object; to aim)


mengubek-ubek

(transitive, intransitive) to poke around (to search a place, especially in an unorganized way)


bergaris keras

hard-line (uncompromising; rigidly holding to a set of beliefs)


garis keras

hard line (a firm stance or policy on which one will not compromise)

hard-liner (a person who takes a firm, uncompromising position on some policy.)


menghemat

From meng- + hemat. Attested before 1930.

(transitive) to economize or avoid waste; to save


hemat

From Malay hemat, hémat, from Classical Malay hemat, himmat, hémat, from Arabic هِمَّة (himma). Doublet of jimat.

thrifty, frugal (evincing thrift; characterized by economy and good management of property)

prudent, cautious (acting with or showing care and thought for the future)

(rare) assiduous, painstaking (carefully attentive to details; diligent in performing a process or procedure)


hemat

hemat-hemat (plural)
jimat (alternative archaic standard)

(rare) opinion (a belief that a person has formed about a topic or issue)


mengecam

mêngêcam (active mengecam, ordinary passive dikecam)

(transitive, intransitive) to censure, to castigate (to express severe disapproval)