kuap

From Malay kuap, from Proto-Malayic *uap, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)huab, from Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)Suab, *(ma-)Suaw. Doublet of uap. The initial k- is hard to explain, though according to Adelaar (1992) it must have arisen through these stages: *ma-uap > *maŋ-uap from which colloquial nguap can be found. Prentice alternatively suggests a derivation from *kA-uap with loss of the first vowel.


inap

Inherited from Malay inap, from Proto-Malayic *hinəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qinəp.


isolat

isolate: something that has been isolated


ungu

terungu (superlative)
wungu (alternative)


embun

Inherited from Malay embun, from Proto-Malayic *Ambun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ambun, from Proto-Austronesian *ambun.

dew, moisture in the air that settles on plants, etc


butuh

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦸꦠꦸꦃ (butuh) (either via Sundanese butuh or directly).

Aku butuh kamu.

Bagus Irawan menambahkan di era serbacanggih ini lulusan teknik memang butuh memperkuat keahlian. Sebab, zaman sudah jauh berubah yang ditandai kehadiran aplikasi robotik, kecerdasan buatan, otomatisasi program digital hingga teknologi data.

2018 November 1, “Lulusan Teknik Butuh Sertifikat Insinyur [Engineering Graduates Need Engineer Certificate]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2018-12-04:

Bagus Irawan added that in this sophisticated era, engineering graduates really need to strengthen their expertise. This is because times have changed a lot, marked by the presence of robotic applications, artificial intelligence, digital program automation to data technology.


butuh

butuh-butuh (plural)
boetoeh (alternative)

Inherited from Malay butuh, from Proto-Malayic *butuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butuq (“testicle”), from Proto-Austronesian *buCuq.


gerigi

From Malay gerigi. Reanalyzed as gigi (“tooth”) + -er-.


peng-

pem- (alternative)
pen- (alternative)
pen- (alternative)
peny- (alternative)
pe- (alternative)
penge- (alternative)

Inherited from Malay peng-, from Proto-Malayic *pAŋ-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋ-, from Proto-Austronesian *paŋ-.

peng- + tulis → penulis (“writer”)

actor, instrument, or someone characterized by the root

peng- + diam (“silent”) → pendiam (“quiet (of person)”)


ber-

base (verb)
base (noun)
base (adjective)
base (numeral)
be- (alternative)
bel- (alternative)

Inherited from Malay ber-, from Classical Malay ber-, from Old Malay bar-, denasalised from earlier Old Malay mar- (compare Old Malay ni- → di-), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maR-, from Proto-Austronesian *maʀ-. Cognate with Tagalog mag-, Cebuano mag-, Simalungun Batak mar-, Toba Batak mar-.

ber- + pikir (“to think”) → berpikir (“thinking”)

ber- + renang (“to swim”) → berenang (“swimming”)

(intransitive) -ing, used to form the continuative aspect of some verbs

ber- + ubah (“to change”) → berubah (“to change (to become something different)”)

(intransitive) used to form dynamic verb of some transitive verbs

ber- + hias (“dressing”) → berhias (“self-dressing”)

(intransitive, reflexive) to do something to the self

ber- + atap (“roof”) → beratap (“roofed”)

ber- + baju (“clothes”) → berbaju (“clothed”)

ber- + adik (“younger sibling”) → beradik (“profess as someone younger sibling”)

ber- + telur (“egg”) → bertelur (“to produce egg”)

ber- + sepatu (“shoes”) → bersepatu (“to wear shoes”)

to use [base], to wear [base], to travel by [base]

ber- + tani (“farming”) → bertani (“to farm”)

ber- + tinju (“boxing, hit”) → bertinju (“to hit each other”)

ber- + teman (“friend”) → berteman (“to be friends with each other”)

(intransitive, reciprocal) to do [base] in reciprocal situation

ber- + jam (“hour”) → berjam-jam (“hours”)

ber- + meter (“metre”) → bermeter-meter (“metres”)

ber- + gembira (“happy”) → bergembira (“to be in happiness (to rejoice)”)

ber- + sedih (“sad”) → bersedih (“to be in sadness”)

(intransitive, stative) used to form stative verbs

ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga (“triple”)

ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga (“in group of three”)

ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga-tiga (“three at a time, three by three”)

(acting) in a number of groups of [base] at a time


kau-

From Malay kau-, from kau, shortened form of engkau, from Proto-Malayic *kau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu.


meng-

Inherited from Malay meng-, from Proto-Malayic *mAN-, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *maN-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maN-.

meng- + atur → mengatur (“to arrange; arranges; arranging”)

meng- + baca (“to read”) → membaca (“to read; reads; reading”)

meng- + cabut → mencabut (“to remove; removes; removing”)

meng- + derma (“donation”) → menderma (“to donate; donates; donating”)

meng- + elak → mengelak (“to avoid; avoids; avoiding”)

meng- + paham → memahami (“to understand; understands; understanding”)

meng- + fitnah → memfitnah (“to lie; lies; lying (about someone)”)

meng- + gali → menggali (“to dig; digs; digging”)

meng- + hantar → menghantar (“to deliver; delivers; delivering”)

meng- + ikat (“tie”) → mengikat (“to tie; ties; tying”)

meng- + jolok → menjolok (“to poke; pokes; poking”)

meng- + kira → mengira (“to count; counts; counting”)

meng- + lamar → melamar (“to propose; proposes; proposing”)

meng- + makan (“to eat”) → memakan (“to eat; eats; eating”)

meng- + nyanyi → menyanyi (“to sing; sings; singing”)

meng- + olah → mengolah (“to edit; edits; editing”)

meng- + pukul → memukul (“to hit; hits; hitting”)

meng- + rawat → merawat (“to treat; treats; treating”)

meng- + sapu → menyapu (“to sweep; sweep; sweeping”)

meng- + tambah → menambah (“to add; adds; adding”)

meng- + urus → mengurus (“to manage; manages; managing”)

meng- + bom (“bomb”) → mengebom (“to bomb; bombs; bombing”)

defining relative
defining relative clause#English

transitive verbal prefix for active subject or agent focus, specifically it indicates that there is an agent doing the action of the transitive verb; not used when the sentence is direct imperative, or when the clause is defining relative with the patient in the front of the sentence

meng- + batu (“stone”) → membatu (“to become a stone”)

intransitive verbal prefix of a nominal root

meng- + supir (“driver”) → menyupir (“to become a supir (“driver”), to drive”)

to function as the root, or to become similar as the root

meng- + rokok (“cigarette”) → merokok (“to consume a cigarette, to smoke”)

meng- + laut (“sea”) → melaut (“to go toward sea, to sail”)

meng- + damar (“resin”) → mendamar (“to gather the resin”)

meng- + rotan (“rattan”) → merotan

meng- + rumput (“grass”) → merumput

intransitive verbal prefix of an adjectival root

meng- + satu (“one”) → menyatu (“to become one”)

meng- + dua (“two”) → mendua

(unproductive) intransitive verbal prefix of an numeral root


-kan

head

-kan (non-active/imperative/basic -kan, active meng- -kan, passive di- -kan)

meng- -kan (active)
di- -kan (passive)
-ken (alternative)

Inherited from Malay -kan, from Proto-Malayic *-kən, shortened form of Proto-Malayic *akən. Cognate with Karo Batak -ken and Toba Batak -hon. Doublet of akan (“will (future tense auxiliary)”).

doublet

Belikan aku sebatang pensil!

used to indicate transitive imperative beneficial verbs

Bangunkan Siti!

used to indicate transitive imperative causative verb, from an intransitive verb base: to order and cause the object to perform [base]

Tikamkan belati ini ke perut harimau itu!

Thrust this knife into that tiger’s belly!

used to indicate transitive imperative instrumental verb, from an intransitive verb base

Pasarkan buku itu!

Gudangkan kursi ini!

used to indicate transitive imperative locative verb, from a noun base.

Korbankan dia!

used to indicate transitive imperative causative verb, from a noun base.


ragi

From Malay ragi, probably from Sanskrit राग (rāga, “seasoning, condiment”).

der

(cooking) starter: a yeast culture used to start a fermentation process

Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae#Translingual

(cooking) ragi: a type of yeast traditionally used in winemaking, baking, and brewing, now identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae


ragi

From Malay ragi, from Sanskrit राग (rāga, “colour, dye”). Doublet of raga and ragam.


ragam

From Malay ragam, from Sanskrit राग (rāga). Doublet of raga and ragi.

Simpangan baku dapat dihitung dari ragam.

The standard deviation can be calculated from the variance.


luang

From Malay luang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *luaŋ (“hole in the ground; wide open space”). Doublet of lowong and lubang.


manira

Inherited from Malay manira, from Javanese ꦩꦤꦶꦫ (manira, “first person pronoun”), from Old Javanese manira (“first person pronoun”).


cemara

cêmara (canonical)
cemara-cemara (plural)

Inherited from Malay cemara (“casuarina”).

inh+

Casuarina equisetifolia
Casuarina equisetifolia#Translingual

coastal she-oak, horsetail she-oak, ironwood, beach sheoak, beach casuarina or whistling tree (Casuarina equisetifolia)


atomisme

atomismê (canonical)
atomisme-atomisme (plural)

Affixed atom + -isme, borrowed from Dutch atomisme.

(philosophy) atomism: the ancient Greek theory that all matter is composed of very small indestructible and indivisible particles; the doctrine that society arises from individuals and that larger structures are unimportant


rindu

From Malay rindu, from Classical Malay ريندو (rindu).


pacal

(zoology) dorab wolf-herring (Chirocentrus dorab)


kawula

kawula-kawula (plural)
kaula (alternative)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”), from Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”). Reconstructed as ke- + *wula.


ke- -an

Inherited from Malay ke- -an, from Proto-Malayic *kə- -an, from Proto-Austronesian *ka- -an. Semantic loan from Javanese ꦏ- -ꦲꦤ꧀ (ka- -han) for sense of too [base] or exceed.

sl

kebaratan

ketimuran

kebesaran

kehausan

-ness; appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of (the adjective)", "the quality of (the adjective)", or "the measure of (the adjective)"

kepemimpinan

-ship; appended to a noun to form a new noun denoting a property or state of being, time spent in a role, or a specialised union.

kerajaan

-dom; Forming nouns denoting the domain or jurisdiction of the suffixed word.

ketercapaian

-ity; Used to form a noun from an adjective; especially, to form the noun referring to the state, property, or quality of conforming to the adjective's description.

keadaan

racun (“poison”) + ke- -an → keracunan (“poisoned”)

ciprat + ke- -an → kecipratan

lapar + ke- -an → kelaparan (“to suffer from hunger”)

hilang + ke- -an → kehilangan (“to suffer the loss of”)

Used to form adversative verbs or adjectives: to suffer or to get of noun or verb bases

sempit (“tight”) + ke- -an → kesempitan (“tightness, too tight”)

kecil (“small”) + ke- -an → kekecilan (“too small”)

malam (“night”) + ke- -an → kemalaman (“too late”)

(colloquial or informal) adjective forming for too [base] or exceed, affixed into adjective, adverb, or noun


keadaan

state, a condition: a set of circumstances applying at any given time

Penting sekali memiliki jiwa yang makmur dan sehat. Sebab keadaan jiwa seseorang akan mempengaruhi keberadaan orang tersebut.

It is important to have a prosperous and sound soul. Because a person's state of soul will affect his existence.


pustaka

From Malay pustaka, from Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pōstaka, *pustaka. Doublet of pestaka and pustaha.

book of Javanese divination, the primbon

(computing) a collection of software routines that provide functionality to be incorporated into or used by a computer program

(genetics) a collection of DNA material from a single organism or relative to a single disease


silam

Unknown, possibly cognate of Tagalog silam (“blemish”).

masa silam


silam

sepuluh tahun silam

menyilamkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


kasuari

From Malay kasuari. Possibly from Biak man suar (“strong bird”) or manswor (“pile of food”) referring to its appetite.

cassowary (a large flightless bird of the genus Casuarius)


ipuh

From Malay ipuh, from Proto-Malayic *hipuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qipuq.


bawa

Inherited from Malay bawa, from Proto-Malayic *baba, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baba, from Proto-Austronesian *baba.

bawaan

default, conginetal; carriage, load; character

Tadi belanjaanya dibawa oleh saya.

Dia mau membawa anaknya ke pasar.

She wants to take her child to the market.

Mereka dijadwalkan untuk membawa acara bulan ini.

They are scheduled to host an event this month.

(figurative) to involve (to entangle in a confusing or troublesome situation)


sepang

From Malay sepang, from Proto-Malayic *səpaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *səpaŋ.

Caesalpinia sappan
Caesalpinia sappan#Translingual


rawi

From Malay rawi, from Arabic رَاوٍ (rāwin, “narrator”).

(rare) Synonym of pendongeng (“storyteller, story maker”)


rawi

(rare) Synonym of dongeng (“to tell (a story)”)


rawi

From Malay rawi, from Sanskrit रवि (ravi).


syamsi

Inherited from Malay syamsi, from Arabic شَمْس (šams).


benih

Inherited from Malay benih, from Proto-Malayic *bənih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *binəhiq, Proto-Austronesian *binəSiq (“seed set aside for the next planting”). Cognate with Javanese winih and Tagalog binhi.

inh

(botany) a fertilized and ripened ovule, containing an embryonic plant; seed


arif

From Malay arif, from Classical Malay عاريف (arif), from Arabic عَارِف (ʕārif).


balu

Inherited from Malay balu (“widow”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balu.


balu

balu:

balu:


balu

(dialect) fine hairs on the forehead or nape of the neck


balu

(dialect) a buoy made of plastic or cork, tied to the edge of the net to prevent it from sinking


drai

From Dutch schroevendraaier (“screwdriver”), while Dutch draai means rotation, spin or turn.


bunga raya

From bunga (“flower”) + raya (“big, great”), from Malay bunga raya.


ijuk

From Malay ijuk, from Proto-Malayic *ijuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *izuk.

Arenga pinnata
Arenga pinnata#Translingual


secang

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦼꦕꦁ (secang). Attested before 1985.


botak

Inherited from Malay botak, an adjective that is derived from an earlier form butak.


obat

Inherited from Malay ubat, obat, from Classical Malay اوبت (ubat), اوبت (obat), from Proto-Malayic *ubat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ubat. Influenced by Javanese ꦲꦺꦴꦧꦠ꧀ (obat).

Pemerintah didesak dalam penelitian dan pengembangan obat.

The government is pressed in medicine research and development.


ukur

From Malay ukur, from Proto-Malayic *ukuʀ.

to measure (to ascertain the quantity of a unit of material via calculated comparison with respect to a standard)


ujung

Malay Indonesian (alternative)
standard Malay (alternative)

From Malay hujung, ujung, from Classical Malay هوجوڠ (hujung), اوجوڠ (ujung).


Pulau Pinang

From Malay Pulau Pinang. By surface analysis, pulau (“island”) + pinang (“betelnut”).


nyonya

From Malay nyonya, possibly from Portuguese dona (“lady”) via Javanese thus doublet of nona and nonya. See also Hokkien 娘仔 (niô͘-á). Semantic loan from Javanese nyonyah.


sastra

sastra-sastra (plural)
sastera (alternative)

From Malay sastera, from Sanskrit शास्त्र (śāstra, “scripture”).


Ahad

Inherited from Malay Ahad, from Classical Malay احد (Ahad, “sunday”), from Arabic اَلْأَحَد (al-ʔaḥad).

days of the week: hari-hari dalam sepekan: Ahad

Minggu · Senin · Selasa · Rabu · Kamis · Jumat · Sabtu [edit]


seribu

From Malay seribu, from Classical Malay seribu, from Old Malay sarivu. Equivalent to se- + ribu.

Seribu rupiah adalah pecahan tertua yang masih dicetak oleh BI.

One thousand rupiah is the oldest denomination still printed by BI.


dua ratus

Compound of dua + ratus, inherited from Malay dua ratus, from Proto-Malayic *dua ratus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha ʀatus, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa ʀaCus.


kena

kena (root)
mengena (active nominative)
terkena (nominative passive)
dikena (nominative passive)
kena (nominative)
kenalah (nominative)
mengenai (active)
terkenai (passive)
dikenai (passive)
kenai
kenailah
mengenakan (active)
terkenakan (passive)
dikenakan (passive)
kenakan
kenakanlah
memperkena (active causative nominative)
terperkena (causative nominative passive)
diperkena (causative nominative passive)
perkena (causative nominative)
perkenalah (causative nominative)
memperkenai (active causative)
terperkenai (causative passive)
diperkenai (causative passive)
perkenai (causative)
perkenailah (causative)
memperkenakan (active causative)
terperkenakan (causative passive)
diperkenakan (causative passive)
perkenakan (causative)
perkenakanlah (causative)

Inherited from Malay kena, from Proto-Austronesian *keNa (“be ensnared, caught in a trap; suffer, undergo, be struck by something; be entrapped or deceived; hit the mark, be ‘on target’, correct, right, true”).
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦼꦤ (kena, “able; can, allowed; succeed”, literally “hit, struck”) for sense related to agreement, approval; pleasure.

sl

to be exact, to be accurate, to be precise


kena

kena pajak


dasa

(dialectal) agricultural land given by the community to someone because of his meritorious service, can then only be cultivated by his heirs on a rotating basis


dasa

(dialectal) a bowl made from coconut shell with a smooth surface until shiny


sambilan

Reconstructed as sambil (“while”) + -an and ambil + se- -an, Inherited from Malay sambilan. Doublet of sembilan.


habis

Habis mandi dan sarapan, anak-anak berangkat ke sekolah.

After showering and having breakfast, the children left for school.


eskar

Borrowed from English eschar, from Middle French eschare (now escarre) or Late Latin eschara (“scar, scab”), from Ancient Greek ἐσχάρα (eskhára, “hearth, brazier, scab”).

der

(dermatology, pathology) eschar: a superficial structure of dead tissue, usually hardened, commonly, but not necessarily dark, adhering to underlying living or necrotic tissue, caused by gangrene or a burn


tantième

Unadapted borrowing from French tantième (“percentage, proportion”).

ubor

(business) tantième: The share of profits paid to the management or to the board of directors under a profit sharing scheme


sepuluh ribu

Redenominasi harus cepat dilaksanakan karena nilai uang sepuluh ribu umumnya sangat bernilai di luar negeri.

Redenomination must be quickly executed since ten thousand currency units are generally extremely valuable overseas.


seratus ribu

Bahkan jika aku dibayar seratus ribu pun aku tetap tidak mau mengikuti demonstrasi Marxis-Leninis tersebut.

Even if I were paid one hundred thousand for it, I still won't participate in that Marxist-Leninist demonstration.

one hundred thousand
one hundred thousand


waduh

an exclamation of surprise, alarm or amazement


angkat

Inherited from Malay angkat, from Proto-Malayic *aŋkat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aŋkat.

anak angkat


angkat

head

angkat (active mengangkat, passive diangkat)


pangkat

Reconstructed as peng- + angkat, from Malay pangkat, from Javanese ꦥꦁꦏꦠ꧀ (pangkat, “rank, position, status; grade (school); degree, power; departure”), from Old Javanese paṅkat (“arranged; depart”), aṅkat (“departure, getting up”). Doublet of pengangkat.

der

a level in an organization such as the military

(mathematics) the maximal number of linearly independent columns (or rows) of a matrix

(mathematics) exponent: the number by which a value (called the base) is said to be raised to a power in exponentiation: for example, the 3 in 2³=8

(mathematics) power: A product of equal factors (and generalizations of this notion): xⁿ, read as "x to the power of n" or the like, is called a power and denotes the product x×x×⋯×x, where x appears n times in the product; x is called the base and n the exponent


pangkat

Dua pangkat tiga sama dengan delapan.

Two to the power of three equals eight. 2³ = 8.


alih

alih (root)
beralih (active nominative)
alih (nominative)
mengalihkan (active)
teralihkan (passive)
dialihkan (passive)
alihkan
alihkanlah

Inherited from Malay alih, from Proto-Malayic *alih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aliq.

(intransitive, rare) Synonym of pindah (“to move, change place”)


apa-apa

Reduplicated form of apa, from Malay apa-apa, from Proto-Malayic *apa apa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *apa apa.

Saya tidak mengerti apa-apa.


sensitif

sènsitif (canonical)
sensi (alternative)

From Dutch sensitief, from Middle French sensitif, from Medieval Latin sēnsitīvus.

(of a person) easily offended, upset or hurt

sensitive:
easily offended, upset or hurt


tupai

From Malay tupai, from Proto-Malayic *tupay. According to proponents of Greater North Borneo branch, from *tupay "squirrel", displacing earlier term *buhət. Cognate with Bonggi tufi (“squirrel”).


destruktor

Ultimately derived from Latin dēstrūctor, from dēstruō + -ātor.

a furnace or oven for the burning or carbonizing of refuse

object-oriented programming
object-oriented programming

(object-oriented programming) a function that runs when an object is no longer required, used to release any resources that it was using


biblio

(publishing) bibliographic notes and/or those placed behind the title page


tengah hari

Compound of tengah + hari, from Malay tengah hari, from Proto-Malayic *təŋah hari.


tahunan

Inherited from Malay tahunan. Equivalent to tahun + -an.


ider

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦶꦢꦼꦂ (ider, “to peddle ware around; to turn, to revolve”), from Old Javanese idĕr (“turning, circling”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer [Term?]. Doublet of edar.


ambang

Inherited from Malay ambang, from Classical Malay امبڠ (ambang), from Proto-Malayic *hambaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabaŋ.

(ecology) range (the geographical area or zone where a species is normally naturally found)

id:part of building framing beneath window

(Bengkulu dialect) square vent, venthole

ambang kehancuran

the outset of something; the point of entry, or the beginning of an action

(figurative) threshold, level
in the same position or rank


ambang

From Deli Malay [Term?], probably related to Etymology 1.

(dialectap) toolbox, contained in the fishing boat


ambang

From Banjarese [Term?], probably related to Etymology 1 or from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *abaŋ₁, from Proto-Austronesian *abaŋ₁ (“ambush, block the way; obstacle, hindrance”).

der

a kind of Banjarese parang that is short, heavy, straight-edged knife as a tool and weapon


hantar

head

hantar (active menghantar, passive dihantar)

Inherited from Malay hantar, from Proto-Malayic *hantar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hatəD, from Proto-Austronesian *SatəD. Doublet of lantar.

to carry, conduct (to serve as a medium for conveying)

(chiefly dialectal) to lay down (to place on the ground)

(chiefly dialectal) to scatter (to distribute loosely)

(chiefly dialectal) Synonym of antar (“to deliver; to escort, usher”)


depo

depo-depo (plural)
depot (alternative)
dipo (alternative)
depoh (alternative)

From Dutch depot, either from French dépôt or Middle French deposte, from Latin dēpositus.

depot (storage facility, esp. one for vehicles)


kapur

Inherited from Malay kapur, from Proto-Malayic *kapur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qapuʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qapuʀ (“lime, calcium”). Doublet of kamper.
The initial k- is unexplained (expected reflex is *hapur) and may indicate an alternate byform *kapuʀ according to Blust and Trussel.
Cognates
Cognate with Tagalog apog (“lime”), Tsou hapuyu (“lime”), and Eastern Cham ꨆꨚꨭꨩ (kapū).

inh

lime (any inorganic material containing calcium, usually calcium oxide (quicklime) or calcium hydroxide (slaked lime))

a soft, white, powdery limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO₃)

a piece of chalk, or nowadays processed compressed gypsum (calcium sulfate, CaSO₄), that is used for drawing and for writing on a blackboard (chalkboard)


kapur

head

kapur (active mengapur, passive dikapur)

(transitive) to whitewash (to paint over with a lime and water mixture so as to brighten up a wall or fence)


burung kakaktua

id-noun

burung kakaktua (plural burung-burung kakaktua)

From burung (“bird”) + kakaktua, from Malay burung kakaktua.


gambir

Uncaria gambir
Wikispecies:Uncaria gambir


sirna

From Sanskrit शीर्ण (śīrṇa, “withered”).


panggil

head

panggil (active memanggil, passive dipanggil)

Inherited from Malay panggil, from Proto-Malayic *paŋgil, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *paŋgil.

Ardi dipanggil ke ruang kesiswaan.

to call (to utter in a loud or distinct voice)


bungsu

bungsu-bungsu (plural)
boengsoe (alternative)

From Malay bungsu (Standard bongsu), from Classical Malay bungsu.

youngest, lastborn (born last in a family)


chef de mission

id-noun

chef de mission (plural chef-chef de mission)

Unadapted borrowing from French chef de mission (literally “head of mission”).


observatorium

From Dutch observatorium, from Latin observātōrium.

(astronomy) observatory: a place where stars, planets and other celestial bodies are observed, usually through a telescope; also place for observing meteorological or other natural phenomena


lima ribu

Tuanku Imam Bonjol ditampilkan di bagian depan uang lima ribu pada masa itu.

Tuanku Imam Bonjol is shown on the obverse of the five thousand rupiah note at that time.


Muharam

Inherited from Malay Muharam, from Arabic مُحَرَّم (muḥarram).

Muharram (the first month of the Islamic calendar)


kelabu

kêlabu (canonical)
kelabu-kelabu (plural)

Inherited from Malay کلابو (kelabu, “grey”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">kelabu</i>

inh+

kelabu:


tepat

From Malay tepat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təpət.


lepa

From Sanskrit लेप (lepa, “plaster”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smear; fatty substance”).


lalai

Inherited from Malay lalai. Term is used for translation of Dutch onachtzaam.


ganjil

differing from what is usual, ordinary or expected; strange


bodoh

From Malay bodoh, from Proto-Indo-Aryan *buddʰas. Cognate of Hindi बुद्धू (buddhū), Javanese ꦧꦺꦴꦝꦺꦴ (bodho).


bahlul

From Malay bahlul from Arabic بُهْلُول (buhlūl).


encik

From Malay encik, from Hokkien 引叔 (ín-chek, “uncle”). Cognate of Tagalog Intsik, Cebuano Insik. See also Thai เจ๊ก (jék), Singaporean English Ah Chek.

term of address conferred on a respectable or unknown adult, usually when the name is unknown


encik

From Malay encik, from Hokkien 阿姊 (a-chí, “elder sister”).

(West Sumatra) term of address conferred on a female schoolteacher


anak mata

Inherited from Malay anak mata, from Proto-Malayic *anak mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak i mata. Equivalent to anak (“child”) + mata (“eye”)

(anatomy) pupil (the hole in the middle of the iris of the eye)


anak panah

From anak (“child”) + panah (“arrow”), from Malay anak panah, from Classical Malay انق ڤانه (anak panah), from Proto-Malayic *anak panah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak i panaq.


ayut

mengayut (used-in-the-form)
ayuk (alternative)

From Malay ayut, from Proto-Malayic *ayut, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ayut, *ayud.

to copulate (to engage in sexual intercourse)


ayuk

mengayuk (used-in-the-form)
ayut (alternative)

From Malay ayuk, from Proto-Malayic *ayut, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ayut, *ayud.


tableau vivant

Unadapted borrowing from French tableau vivant.


arianisme

(Christianity) Arianism (heretical doctrine)


tsarisme

Borrowed from Dutch tsarisme (“tsarism”), from French tsarisme (“tsarism”).


turbin

From Dutch turbine, from French turbine, from Latin turbō, turbinem.

(engineering) turbine: any of various rotary machines that use the kinetic energy of a continuous stream of fluid (a liquid or a gas) to turn a shaft


kedai

Inherited from Malay kedai, from Tamil கடை (kaṭai). Doublet of gadai.


garpu

From Malay garpu, from Portuguese garfo, from Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin graphium.


banderol

banderol-banderol (plural)
banrol (alternative)

From Dutch banderol, from French banderole, from Italian banderuola.

revenue stamp: A stamp to be affixed as proof that the tax due on the marked product has been paid


kebun binatang

id-noun

kebun binatang (plural kebun-kebun binatang)

kebun-kebun binatang (plural)
bunbin (alternative abbreviation acronym acronym)
bonbin (alternative abbreviation acronym acronym)

→ Malay: kebun binatang

Compound of kebun (“garden”) + binatang (“animal”), calque of Dutch dierentuin (“zoo”, literally “animal garden”).

calque

zoo: a park where live animals are exhibited


welas

Borrowed from Javanese ꦮꦼꦭꦱ꧀ (welas, “pity; sympathetic”), from Old Javanese wĕlas (“pity, compassion, sympathy”). Doublet of belas.


agak

From Malay agak, from Classical Malay اڬق (agak).


agak

Percakapan yang agak membosankan.

Conversation that is kind of boring.A rather boring conversation.

Suaranya agak serak hari ini, ada apa dengannya?

His voice is hoarse a little today, what happens to him?


senter

sèntêr (canonical)
senter-senter (plural)

From Javanese ꦱꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦂ (sènter, “torch, flashlight”), from Dutch zaklantaarn or Dutch centerlamp.

bor

flashlight (US, Canada), torch (UK, Aus, NZ)


senter

Internationalism, borrowed from English centre, from Middle French centre, from Latin centrum, from Ancient Greek κέντρον (kéntron), from κεντεῖν (kenteîn, “to prick, goad”). Doublet of sentral.


perigi

From Malay perigi, from Proto-Malayic *pərigi, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀigi (“artificially enclosed catchment for water; well, ditch”). Similarity with Tamil பரிகை (parikai, “moat, ditch; mound within a rampart”) and Sanskrit परिखा (parikhā, “moat, ditch, trench or fosse round a town or fort”) is coincidental.


air bah

From Malay air bah, from Classical Malay اير به (air bah), equivalent to air (“water”) + bah (“flood”).

(dialectal or obsolete) Synonym of air banjir (“floodwater”)


air mata

Inherited from Malay air mata, from Classical Malay اير مات (air mata), from Proto-Malayic *air mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ ni mata. Equivalent to air (“water”) + mata (“eye”).

tear (drop of clear salty liquid from the eyes)


boksu

Borrowed from Hokkien 牧師／牧师 (bo̍k-su, “pastor; priest; clergyman”).


halim

From Arabic حَلِيم (ḥalīm, “patient, meek, tolerant, lenient, clement; forbearing, mild, humble”).


halim

Aquilaria malaccensis
Aquilaria malaccensis#Translingual

(botany) agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis)


devisa

Internationalism, compare to French devise (“assets in foreign currency”), German Devise, Catalan divisa, Italian divisa, Spanish divisa, ultimately from Latin dīvīsa, dīvīsus (“divided, separated; distributed, apportioned”).


vape

Aku tidak tertarik untuk membeli vape.

vape: the smoking of a non-combustible cigarette, most commonly an electronic cigarette


babi duyung

From babi (“pig”) + duyung, from Malay babi duyung.


ikan duyung

From ikan (“fish”) + duyung, from Malay ikan duyung.


bebat

bebat-bebat (plural)
babat (alternative dialectal)

From Malay bebat, from Proto-Malayic *bəbət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəjbəj, from Proto-Austronesian *bəjbəj.

band (strip of material wrapped around things to hold them together)


mengenai

of; about; on; regarding (with regard to; on account of; on the subject of; to affect)


semua

From Malay semua, from Sanskrit समूह (samūha).


gazal

From Persian غزل (ğazal), from Arabic غَزَلَ (ḡazala, “to display love to the loved one via speech, to exchange talk of love with the loved one”).

ghazal: a poetic form mostly used for love poetry in Middle Eastern, South, and Central Asian poetry


zarafah

zarafah-zarafah (plural)
jerapah (alternative)
zirafah (alternative)

From Arabic زَرَافَة (zarāfa), from Classical Syriac ܙܵܪܝܼܦܵܐ (zarāfa). Doublet of jerapah, zirafah. Attested before 1964.


syamsu

From Malay syamsi,
syamsu, from Arabic شَمْس (šams, “sun”).


kayau

head

kayau (active mengayau, passive dikayau)

Inherited from Malay kayau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ŋayaw, possibly via Iban kayau.

to headhunt (to cut off, and preserve, the heads of one's enemies)


loteng

lotèng (canonical)
loteng-loteng (plural)

From Malay loteng, ultimately from Hokkien 樓頂／楼顶 (lâu-téng).

attic (space, often unfinished and with sloped walls, directly below the roof)


saluran

Affixed salur + -an, inherited from Malay saluran. Semantic loan from English channel for all senses except sense 1.1

the natural or man-made deeper course through a reef, bar, bay, or any shallow body of water

something through which another thing passes; a means of conveying or transmitting

(biochemistry) an ion channel: pore-forming proteins located in a cell membrane that allow specific ions to pass through

(electronics, communication) a connection between initiating and terminating nodes of a circuit

(electronics, communication) a path for conveying electrical or electromagnetic signals, usually distinguished from other parallel paths

(broadcasting) a specific radio frequency or band of frequencies, usually in conjunction with a predetermined letter, number, or codeword, and allocated by international agreement

(broadcasting) a specific radio frequency or band of frequencies used for transmitting television

(Internet) a particular area for conversations on an IRC or similar network, analogous to a chat room and often dedicated to a specific topic

an artificial waterway or artificially improved river used for travel, shipping, or irrigation

(anatomy) a tubular channel within the body

a pipe, tube or canal which carries gas or liquid from one place to another

an enclosure or channel for electrical cable runs, telephone cables, or other conductors

(anatomy) a vessel for conveying lymph or glandular secretions such as tears or bile

(electricity, electronics) any circuit or loop of an electrical system

(electronics, communication) the wire connecting one telegraphic station with another, a telephone or internet cable between two points: a telephone or network connection


lawang

Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦮꦁ (lawang), from Old Javanese lawaṅ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lawaŋ (“door, gate, passageway”).


lawang

From Sanskrit लवङ्ग (lavaṅga, “clove”), from Old Malay *lawang (“Cinnamomum culitlawan”) or another related Malayo-Polynesian language.

nutmeg skin (which has been dried) is used as a spice


lawang

(zoology) shortbarbel pangasius (Pseudolais micronemus)


tuak

From Malay tuak, from Proto-Malayic *tuak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuak (“palm wine”).

inh

palm wine, an alcoholic beverage created from the sap of various species of palm tree such as the palmyra, date palms, and coconut palms


palung

trench (a long, narrow ditch or hole dug in the ground)

(meteorology) trough (a linear atmospheric depression associated with a weather front)


tipologi

the study of symbolic representation, especially of the origin and meaning of scripture types

the systematic classification of the types of something according to their common characteristics

(Standard Malay)

(archaeology) the result of the classification of things according to their characteristics

(linguistics) classification of languages according to their linguistic trait (as opposed to ancestrality like Romance languages)


keempat

From Malay keempat, from Classical Malay keempat, from Proto-Malayic *kA-əmpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-əpat. Equivalent to ke- + empat.

Usage: To be placed after the noun, with or without word "yang", without a relevant difference i meaning.

Usage: To be placed before the noun.


perempat

Inherited from Malay perempat. Equivalent to per- (“every”) + empat (“four”).


kepo

From Hokkien 家婆 (ke-pô, “to be a busybody; meddlesome”).

bor

(colloquial) kaypoh: being a busybody, prying into the business of others


dadu

From Malay dadu (“die”), from Portuguese dado (“die”), from Old Galician-Portuguese dado, itself from a Vulgar Latin *dadu, of uncertain origin; possibly from Classical Arabic أَعْدَاد (ʔaʕdād, “numbers”), or from Latin datum.

(gaming) die, a regular polyhedron, usually a cube, with numbers or symbols on each side and used in games of chance


padang

Inherited from Malay ڤادڠ (padang, “field”), from Proto-Malayic *padaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *padaŋ (“uncultivated field, open grassland”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">padang</i>


nenen

(childish, sometimes vulgar) to suckle, to suck milk from a breast


amik

Borrowed from Dutch amict, from French amict, from Latin amictus, amiciō.

(Catholicism) amice: a hood, or cape with a hood, made of or lined with grey fur, formerly worn by the clergy.


Daud

Inherited from Malay داود, داءوت (Daud), from Arabic دَاوُد (dāwud), from Hebrew דָּוִד (Davíd).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">Daud</i>

(Christianity, Islam, Judaism) the prophet David who was also a king of Judah


organik

* From Dutch organiek, from French organique, from Latin organicus, from Ancient Greek [Term?].
* Other senses than belonging to a permanent organization is a semantic loan from Malay organik or English organic.

organic: of a military unit or formation, or its elements, belonging to a permanent organization (in contrast to being temporarily attached)

(biology) pertaining to or derived from living organisms

(physiology, medicine) pertaining to an organ of the body of a living organism

(agriculture) of food or food products, grown in an environment free from artificial agrichemicals, and possibly certified by a regulatory body


Bagus

Inherited from Malay Bagus, from bagus (“good, nice; handsome, attractive”).


pasal

pasal-pasal (plural)
fasal (alternative obsolete)
fatsal (alternative)

From Malay fasal, from Arabic فَصْل (faṣl, “chapter, paragraph, division”).
* The law sense of article is a semantic loan from Dutch artikel (“article”). Replaced by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

sl

(law) article: a section of a legal document, bylaws, etc. or, in the plural, the entire document seen as a collection of these


darat

Inherited from Malay darat, from Proto-Malayic *darat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀat.


Jawi

Inherited from Malay جاوي (Jawi, “Jawi; Malay”), from Arabic جَاوِيّ (jāwiyy, “Javan, of Southeast Asian origin”), a relative adjective (nisba) derived from جاوة (jāwa, “Java”) + ي (-i), from Javanese ꦗꦮꦶ (jawi), krama form of Javanese ꦗꦮ (jawa).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">Jawi</i>


Jawi

Borrowed from Javanese ꦗꦮꦶ (Jawi), honorific form of ꦗꦮ (Jawa).

A temple located in Prigen, Pasuruan, was built in 1300, and is the place where the ashes of King Kertanegara (the last king of Singasari) are kept.


lantai

floor, story, storey (numbered level of a building)


rapor

rapor-rapor (plural)
rapot (alternative)
raport (alternative)

From Malay rapor, from Dutch rapport, from Middle Dutch rapport, from Middle French rapport. Doublet of lapor.


kemah

From Malay khemah, kemah, from Classical Malay [script needed] (khemah), [script needed] (kemah, “tent”), from Arabic خَيْمة (ḵayma).


disket

diskèt (canonical)
disket-disket (plural)


lintah

From Malay lintah, from Proto-Malayic *lintah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qali-mətaq, from Proto-Austronesian *qaNi-məCaq.


anjing air

Compound of anjing (“dog”) + air (“water”), from Malay anjing air, from Classical Malay انجيڠ اير (anjing air). Compare to Chinese 水狗.

/ˈand͡ʒɪŋ ˈʔaɪr/

Smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicilata)


anjing air

/ˈand͡ʒɪŋ ˈʔaɪr/

(figurative, colloquial) uninvited guest


sangjit

[ˈsaŋ.d͡ʒɪt̪̚]

Borrowed from Hokkien 送日 (sàng-ji̍t), short for 送日頭 /送日头 (sàng-ji̍t-thâu, “to notify the bride's family of the wedding day”), which is from 送 (sàng, “to send; to dispatch”) + 日頭 /日头 (ji̍t-thâu, “wedding day”).

com

a traditional Chinese wedding engagement or betrothal rite (practiced by Chinese Indonesians involving the exchange of gifts)


biawak

From Malay biawak, from Proto-Malayic *bAyawak, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bayawak.


rusuk

Inherited from Malay rusuk, from Proto-Malayic *rusuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀusuk (“rib”), from Proto-Austronesian *ʀusuk (“rib”).

(anatomy) rib: any of a series of long curved bones occurring in 12 pairs in humans and other animals and extending from the spine to or toward the sternum

(sports, rare) an offensive player who plays on either side of the center; winger

(geometry) a one-dimensional face of a polytope. In particular, the joining line between two vertices of a polygon; the place where two faces of a polyhedron meet; edge


bersin

From Malay bersin, from Proto-Malayic *bVɣ(ə)sin.


kuning telur

Compound of kuning (“yellow”) + telur (“egg”), literally “(the) yellow [part] (of an) egg”, from Malay kuning telur.


kandil

Inherited from Malay kandil, from Arabic قِنْدِيل (qindīl) and/or Classical Persian قَنْدِیل (qandīl).


pandu

pandu-pandu (plural)
pandoe (alternative)

From Malay pandu, from Classical Malay pandu,
* from Sanskrit पाण्डु (pāṇḍu, “Pandu, name of a king”, literally “yellowish white, white, pale”).
* from Old Javanese paṇḍo (“female attendant or servant”).
* Semantic loan from Dutch padvinder. Coined by Indonesian statesman Agus Salim in 1928.

coinage

scout (a member of any number of youth organizations belonging to the international scout movement)


bakmi

→ Dutch: bami

→ English: bakmi

Borrowed from Xiamen Hokkien 肉麵 /肉面 (bah-mī). Compare Dutch bami, Tagalog bami / mami, Cebuano bam-i. See also Hokkien 牛肉麵 /牛肉面 (gû-bah-mī).

bor+

bakmi, a type of semi-thick Chinese wheat noodle, or a dish chiefly composed of them


buang

head

buang (active membuang, passive dibuang)

membuang (active)
dibuang (passive)
boeang (alternative)

Inherited from Malay buang, from Proto-Malayic *buaŋ.
Cognates
Cognate with Minangkabau buang, Iban buai.

Buang kemasan makanannya setelah kamu makan.

Throw away the food packaging after you eat.

(transitive) to throw away (to discard trash, garbage, or the like; to toss out; to put in the trash)


buang

buang (canonical)
buêng (canonical)
boeang (alternative)


gemuk

fat (carrying a larger than normal amount of fat on one's body)


BBM

bahan bakar minyak
bahan bakar minyak#Indonesian

initialism of bahan bakar minyak (“fuel oil”).


bulu mata

eyelash (hair growing on the edge of an eyelid)


jijik

jijik (comparative lebih jijik, superlative paling jijik or terjijik, equative sejijik)

lebih jijik (comparative)
paling jijik (superlative)
terjijik (superlative)
sejijik (equative)
djidjik (alternative)
jijay (alternative colloquial slang)

[ˈd͡ʒi.d͡ʒɪk̚]

Inherited from Malay jijik, from Proto-Malayic *jiji-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *jiji-ʔ, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zizi-q, from *zizi.

(colloquial) disgusting (causing disgust; repulsive; distasteful)


jarum

From Malay jarum, from Proto-Malayic *jarum, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀum, from Proto-Austronesian *zaʀum. Doublet of dom.


masam

termasam (superlative)
asam (alternative Standard-Indonesian)
masam (alternative)

From Malay masam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-qaləsəm.

having a sour, acid, acidic, sharp or tangy taste


atma

From Sanskrit आत्मा (ātmā, nominative singular), from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātman, “soul, life, self”).


rangkaian

Affixed rangkai + -an, inherited from Malay rangkaian.


jaringan

From Malay jaringan, equivalent to jaring + -an.
* Sense of network beside of fabric or fibrous sense is a semantic loan from Dutch netwerk and later English network.
* Sense of biological tissue is a semantic loan from Dutch weefsel (“tissue, fabric”, literally “to weave + perform, action, result”).

sl

a fabric or structure of fibrous elements attached to each other at regular intervals

network
any interconnected group or system

(communication) a group of affiliated television stations that broadcast common programs from a parent company

(computing) multiple computers and other devices connected together to share information

(management) project network, network chart: a graph (weighted directed graph) depicting the sequence in which a project's terminal elements are to be completed by showing terminal elements and their dependencies

(biology) tissue: a group of cells similar in origin that function together to do a specific job


zat lemas

Compound word zat + lemas, from calque of Dutch stikstof (“nitrogen”, literally “to suffocate + matter”)


cairan

liquid, fluid: A substance that is flowing, and keeping no shape, such as water; a substance of which the molecules, while not tending to separate from one another like those of a gas, readily change their relative position, and which therefore retains no definite shape, except that determined by the containing receptacle

solution: a homogeneous mixture, which may be liquid, gas or solid, formed by dissolving one or more substances

molten material, the product of melting; melt


cerpen

cêrpen (canonical)
cerpen-cerpen (plural)

Coined by Indonesian author Pramoedya Ananta Toer in the 1950s.


cerita pendek

id-noun

cerita pendek (plural cerita-cerita pendek)

Compound of cerita + pendek, calque of Dutch korte verhaal.


pukul rata

pukul-pukul rata (plural)
purata (alternative)

Compound of pukul + rata, inherited from Malay pukul rata.


rumah sakit

rumah-rumah sakit (plural)
rumkit (alternative abbreviation acronym acronym)
RS (alternative abbreviation)

→ Hakka: rumah sakit

→ Tetum: uma-moras (calque)

From Malay rumah sakit, compound of rumah (“house”) + sakit (“sick”), calque of Dutch ziekenhuis (“hospital”, literally “sick house”). Displaced Dutch loanword hospital as was frequently used in Batavian newspapers in the 1920s.

calque

(healthcare) hospital (medical care facility)


BPS

Badan Pusat Statistik
w:id:Badan Pusat Statistik

Initialism of Badan Pusat Statistik (“Central Bureau of Statistics”).


zat pembakar

zat pêmbakar (canonical)
zat-zat pembakar (plural)

Compound of zat (“matter”) + pembakar (“burning”). Compare to Danish ilt (“oxygen”) from noun derivation of ild (“fire”) by the Danish scientist H.C. Ørsted (1777-1851).


giur

From Malay giur, from Arabic غَيُور (ḡayūr). Doublet of gairah and girah.


ayan

From Javanese [Term?], from Old Javanese [Term?].


ayan

to seizure (to undergo an epileptic seizure)


ayan

From Malay ayan, from Hokkien 亞鉛 /亚铅 (a-iân), from Japanese 亜鉛 (aen).


ayan

(obsolete) a place to wash hands in the form of a cup or bowl


Lautan Pasifik

Samudra Pasifik
Samudra Pasifik#Indonesian

Synonym of Samudra Pasifik (“Pacific Ocean”)


satwa

From Malay satwa, from Sanskrit सत्त्व (sattva).


beram

Inherited from Malay beram, from Javanese ꦧꦽꦩ꧀ (brem). Doublet of brem.

brem: traditional fermented food or fermented beverage made of rice wine


beram

beram:

beram:


timah

From Malay timah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timəʀaq.


TKP

tempat kejadian perkara
tempat kejadian perkara#Indonesian

(crime) Initialism of tempat kejadian perkara (“crime scene”).

(Kaskus) a page or site contained in a link


FP

(education) Initialism of fakultas pertanian.


tempat

têmpat (canonical)
tempat-tempat (plural)


utama

From Malay utama, from Classical Malay utama, from Sanskrit उत्तम (uttama, “highest; last; supreme; uppermost”).

der

Auditor utama.


tarik

Inherited from Malay tarik. Cognate with Acehnese tarék.


tulat

day after day after tomorrow
day after day after tomorrow

(dialectal) day after day after tomorrow, three days from today


tulat

(dialectal) day after day after tomorrow, in three days


bunyi

From Proto-Malayic *buñi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buñi.

sebunyi

have the same sound; homophonic, homophonous

sound (a sensation perceived by the ear)

(music) sound (a distinctive and styled sound)


bilangan

Inherited from Malay bilangan. Equivalent to bilang + -an. Compare to Maranao bilangan (“calendar”), Tagalog bilangan (“counting (of ballots, votes, etc.”)

cog

(colloquial, chiefly Jakarta) neighborhood, district or city

(colloquial, dated) divination (the act of divining; a foreseeing or foretelling of future events)


cawan

From Malay cawan, from Mandarin 茶碗 (cháwǎn, “teacup”).


cangkul

From Malay cangkul, from Proto-Malayic *caŋkul.


bakul

Inherited from Malay bakul (“basket”), from Proto-Malayic *bakul, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bakul (“woven bamboo basket”).
Semantic loan from Javanese ꦧꦏꦸꦭ꧀ (bakul, “petty trader”), from Old Javanese bakul, most likely related to above.


mayam

(Aceh) a traditional unit of weight, equal 3.33 grams


tahun cahaya

Compound of tahun (“year”) + cahaya (“light”), calque of Dutch lichtjaar (“light year”). Attested before 1970.

cal

(astronomy) lightyear (astronomical distance)


tuala

From Malay tuala, from Portuguese toalha. Compare Tagalog tuwalya, Spanish toalla.


tangki

From Malay tangki, from Portuguese tanque, from Gujarati ટાંકી (ṭā̃kī), from Marathi टाकी (ṭākī), from Sanskrit तडग (taḍaga, “pond”). Doublet of tank.


anjing ajak

[ˈand͡ʒɪŋ ˈad͡ʒak̚]

Compound of anjing + ajak, from Malay anjing ajak, from Classical Malay انجيڠ اجق (anjing ajak).


kilang

kilang-kilang (plural)
kelang (alternative)

From Malay kilang.
* Sense of refinery is a semantic loan from Dutch raffinaderij (“refinery”).

sl

mill, the grinding apparatus or the building housing such a grinding apparatus

refinery: a building, or a mass of machinery, used to produce refined products such as sugar, oil, or metals


pabrik

pabrik-pabrik (plural)
paberik (alternative obsolete)

From Dutch fabriek (“factory”), from Latin fabrica. Doublet of fabrik.

a building or other place where manufacturing takes place

(figurative) a device or process that produces or manufactures something


leluhur

lêluhur (canonical)
leluhur-leluhur (plural)


urup

id-noun

urup (countable and uncountable, plural urup-urup)

(dialectal) Synonym of barter (“barter”)


urup

(dialectal) Synonym of barter (“to barter”)


kereta api

kêréta api (canonical)
kereta-kereta api (plural)
KA (alternative initialism)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱers-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós
Proto-Celtic *karros
Gaulish *karrosbor.
Latin carrus
Old Catalan carro
Old Catalan -eta
Old Catalan carretabor.?
Old Galician-Portuguese carreta
Portuguese carretabor.
Malay kereta
Proto-Malayo-Chamic *apuy
Proto-Malayic *api
Malay api
Proto-Sino-Tibetan *məj?
Chinese 火 (huǒ)
Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos
Proto-Tocharian *kuk(ä)lebor.?
Chinese 車 /车
Chinese 火車 /火车 (huǒchē)calq.
Malay kereta api
Indonesian kereta api
Compound of kereta (“car; carriage”) + api (“fire”), from Malay kereta api, probably a calque of Chinese 火車 /火车 (huǒchē, “train”, literally “fire + car”).


uban

Inherited from Malay uban, from Proto-Malayic *huban, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quban, from Proto-Austronesian *qubaN.


sejarah

sêjarah (canonical)
sejarah-sejarah (plural)

Inherited from Malay سجاره (sejarah), from Persian شجره (šajare, “family tree”), from Arabic شَجَرَة (šajara, “tree”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">sejarah</i>

the branch of knowledge that studies the past; the assessment of notable events


daripada

Compound of dari + pada, inherited from Malay daripada (“than; from”).


usung

head

usung (active mengusung, passive diusung)

Inherited from Malay usung, from Proto-Malayic *husuŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qusuŋ (“carry between two persons”). Compare to Tagalog usong.

usungan

something that is carried or transported; carrier, transporter

to carry (to lift something and take it to another place or to transport something by lifting)

to support a candidate or candidate pair in a political contestation (by political parties or important figures)

to have, to use or to address a theme or a title in a activity (debate, carnaval, etc)

Monitor ini mengusung resolusi WQHD

to sport (to display; to have as a notable feature)


kencana

kêncana (canonical)
kancana (alternative)

From Malay kencana (“gold”), from Sanskrit काञ्चन (kāñcana, “gold”), possibly through Pali.


timah hitam

Compound of timah (“tin”) + hitam (“black”).


serap

head

sêrap (active menyerap, passive diserap)

sêrap (canonical)
menyerap (active)
diserap (passive)
sêrêp (alternative)

Inherited from Malay serap, from Classical Malay سرڤ (serap), from Proto-Malayic *sərəp, possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *səʀəp (“to penetrate”).

serapan

absorption, something that is absorbed; borrowing (of words, etc)

(physics, chemistry) to absorb (to take in energy and convert it)

Satu minggu menjelang minggu tenang, pastikan bahwa kita menyerap dan memahami bacaan mata kuliah

2020, Azri Yusra, DILEMA BANGKU KULIAH (Sebuah Bacaan untuk Menapaki Kehidupan Kampus), Spasi Media, page 64:

A week before quiet week, make sure that we absorb and understand the course readings

Jumlah ini lebih kecil dari biaya pengadaan tinta dan surat suara yang masing-masing menyerap anggaran sebesar Rp. 4.131.123.000 atau 3.84 % dan Rp. 2.516.354.185 atau 2.34 % dari total anggaran penyelenggaraan Pilkada di Sulsel

2020, Komnas HAM, Marjinalisasi Hak Politik Penyandang Disabilitas, page 135:

This amount is smaller than the cost of procuring ink and ballots, which each absorbed the budget of Rp. 4,131,123,000 or 3.84% and Rp. 2,516,354,185 or 2.34% of the total budget for organizing the Pilkada in South Sulawesi.

to absorb (to spent the amount that was budgeted)

(linguistics) to borrow (to adopt a word from another language)


ulang

head

ulang (active mengulang, passive diulang)

Inherited from Malay ulang, from Classical Malay ulang, from Proto-Malayic *ulaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ulaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *ulaŋ.

Saya tidak akan mengulang perbuatan itu lagi.

Majalahnya dicetak ulang.

Pak Udin suruh kita mengulang matematika.

Mr. Udin told us to redo the mathematics assignment.

(always with meng-) to redo an assignment, especially to improve grades


tarum

Inherited from Malay tarum, from Classical Malay تاروم (tarum), from Proto-Malayic *tarum, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀum. Doublet of tom.

Indigofera tinctoria
Indigofera tinctoria#Translingual


kuningan

id-noun

kuningan (countable and uncountable, plural kuningan-kuningan)

Inherited from Malay kuningan. Equivalent to kuning (“yellow”) + -an.


klona

From English clone, from Ancient Greek κλών (klṓn, “twig”).

(biology) a group of identical cells derived from a single cell

(computing) computer hardware or software designed to function in the same way as an original


revolusi

révolusi (canonical)
revolusi-revolusi (plural)

Internationalism, Malay revolusi borrowed from Dutch revolutie, from French révolution, from Latin revolūtiō.

(politics) a political upheaval in a government or nation state characterized by great change

(politics) the removal and replacement of a government, especially by sudden violent action

a sudden, vast change in a situation, a discipline, or the way of thinking and behaving

(astronomy) the movement of an object in a circular or elliptical course around another or about an axis or center


situasi

From Dutch situatie, from Middle Dutch situacie, from Middle French situation, ultimately from Latin situātiō. Cognate of Afrikaans situasie, Sranan Tongo sitwasi.

the combination of circumstances at a given moment; a state of affairs

location: the place in which something is situated; ; the way in which something is positioned vis-à-vis its surroundings

position or status with regard to conditions and circumstances


Zuhara

(less recommended) Alternative form of Zohrah


kamsia

Borrowed from Hokkien 感謝 /感谢 (kám-siā, “thank you very much”).


korektor

korèktor (canonical)
korektor-korektor (plural)

From Dutch corrector, from Latin corrēctor.

(education) assessor, examiner: A person who marks an examination


TPA

tes potensi akademik
tes potensi akademik#Indonesian

(education, psychology) Initialism of tes potensi akademik (“academic potential test”).

tempat pembuangan akhir
tempat pembuangan akhir#Indonesian

Initialism of tempat pembuangan akhir (“landfill”).

tempat penitipan anak
tempat penitipan anak#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of tempat penitipan anak (“childcare, daycare”).

taman pengajian Al Qur'an
taman pengajian Al Qur'an#Indonesian

(Islam) Initialism of taman pengajian Al Qur'an.


gincu

From Malay gincu, from Hokkien 銀朱 /银朱 (gîn-chu, “vermilion”).


patih

Ultimately from Sanskrit पति (pati, “husband; lord, master; master, owner, possessor, lord, ruler, sovereign”).
* From Malay patih, from Classical Malay patih.
* From Javanese patih (ꦥꦠꦶꦃ), from Old Javanese patih, pati (as also in adipati, bupati, etc.).

der

co-ruler or vice-regent (of an old Javanese monarch)


gorden

gorden-gorden (plural)
korden (alternative)
hordeng (alternative)

From Dutch gordijn, from Middle Dutch gordine, gardine, from Old French cortine, from Late Latin cortīna (“cauldron; curtain”).


pertama

From Malay pertama, from Sanskrit प्रथम (prathamá, “first”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pratʰamás (“first, foremost”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-tm̥mós (“foremost”). Doublet of pratama.


lembing

lêmbing (canonical)
lembing-lembing (plural)

Inherited from Malay lembing, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *lmɓŋ, *lmɓəŋ (“shoot”).


aborigin

aborigin-aborigin (plural)
aborijin (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Australian English aborigine.


hormat

From Malay hormat, from Arabic حُرْمَة (ḥurma, “honor, dignity, good name”).


makalah

Inherited from Malay makalah, from Arabic مَقَالَة (maqāla, “article, essay”)

article: a piece of non-fictional writing such as a story, report, opinion piece, or entry in a newspaper, magazine, journal, dictionary, encyclopedia, etc

working paper: an authoritative report, generated by a team investigating a specific issue or scenario to propose solutions or enhancements, can be likened to a document that records preliminary figures, notes, data, or account analyses


rencana

From Malay rencana, from Sanskrit रचन (racana).

note, minute: a (usually formal) written record of a meeting or a part of a meeting


rubah

From Malay rubah., from Persian روباه (rubâh), from Middle Persian lwpʾh (rōbāh, “fox”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *laupāća, diminutive of *laupi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p- ~ *h₂ulp- (“(red) fox”).


rubah

Rebracketing of forms like berubah (ber- + ubah) as (be- + rubah). Probably inherited from Malay. Cognates with Old Javanese uwah and Javanese owah.


arku

From Portuguese arco, from Old Galician-Portuguese arco, arquo (“arch, bow”), from Latin arcus (“bow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erkʷo- (“bow, arrow”). Doublet of arkus.


jamjam

(nonstandard, uncommon) Alternative form of zamzam


fidah

id-noun

fidah (countable and uncountable, plural fidah-fidah)

From Malay fidah, from Arabic فِضَّة (fiḍḍa).


trase

From Dutch tracé, from French trace, tracer, from Old French tracier, from Vulgar Latin *tractiō, from Latin tractum. Compare to German Trasse.

(road transport, rail transport, engineering) line: a path through two or more points; a connected series of public conveyances, as a roadbed or railway track


hidrogen peroksida

hidrogèn pêroksida (plural hidrogen-hidrogen peroksida)

hidrogèn pêroksida (canonical)
hidrogen-hidrogen peroksida (plural)


kronologi

From Dutch chronologie, from French chronologie, from Ancient Greek χρόνος (khrónos, “chronos”) and λόγος (lógos, “logos”).


petala

From Malay petala, from Sanskrit पाताल (pātāla).


Makassar

From Dutch Makassar, from Portuguese Macáçar, from Malay Mengkasar, from Makasar Mangkasaraʼ.

The capital and largest city of South Sulawesi, Sulawesi, Indonesia


terima

head

têrima (active menerima, passive diterima)

têrima (canonical)
menerima (active)
diterima (passive)

From Malay terima, from Old Javanese tarima (“receiving, accepting; gratefulness”), ultimately from Sanskrit तारिम (tārima).


maket

From French maquette, from Italian macchietta (“speck, little spot”), diminutive of macchia (“spot”), ultimately from Latin macula (“spot, stain”).


amperemeter

ampèrêmètêr (canonical)
amperemeter-amperemeter (plural)

am‧pè‧rê‧mè‧têr

From Dutch ampèremeter, from French ampèremètre.

(electricity) ammeter, amperemeter: a device that measures the magnitude of an electric current, especially one calibrated in amperes


alah

Inherited from Malay alah, from Proto-Malayic *alah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *alaq. Doublet of kalah.


alah

(uncommon) to dam (to block the flow of water)


alah

huh (an interjection to express unconcerned chalence)


biji

Inherited from Malay biji, from Sanskrit बीज (bīja, “seed”). Doublet of bija and bijih.

(education) score: the performance of an individual or group on an examination or test, expressed by a number, letter, or other symbol; a grade


biji

Classifier used for small objects similar to seed

Classifier used for many type of objects, can replace other classifiers batang, buah and butir.


tanpa

From Malay tanpa, from Classical Malay tanpa, from Javanese tanpa (ꦠꦤ꧀ꦥ, “without”), from Old Javanese tan apa (“not matter”).


tiada

From Malay tiada, from Proto-Malayic *ti (“basic negator”) + *ada (“to exist”).

Tiada orang di jalan ini.


tiada

Tiada yang bisa menyelamatkanku.


kampanye

kampanyê (canonical)
kampanye-kampanye (plural)
kémpén (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Dutch campagne, from French campagne, from Old Occitan campanha or Old Northern French campaigne, from Late Latin campānia, from Latin campus. Doublet of kampus, kamp, and sampanye.

campaign (series of operations undertaken to achieve a set goal)

mengampanyekan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


bajaj

From the name of the manufacturer, Bajaj Auto.

a three-wheeled motor vehicle, with usually two or three passengers sitting at the back and the driver at the front, which is commonly found in Indonesian cities


janggi

janggi-janggi (plural)
zanggi (alternative)
zenggi (alternative)


karburator

karburator-karburator (plural)
karburétor (alternative)

From Dutch carburator/carburateur, from French carburateur.

(engineering) carburetor, carburettor: a device in an internal combustion engine where fuel is vaporized and mixed with air prior to ignition


boraks

From Dutch borax, from Arabic بَوْرَق (bawraq), from Middle Persian bwlk' (bōrag).


Januari

From Dutch januari, from Latin iānuārius (“(month) of Janus”), perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”, a root).


Februari

Fébruari (canonical)
Pebruari (alternative)

From Dutch februari, from Latin Februārius (“the month of the Februa”).


coret

head

coret (active mencoret, passive dicoret)


pernah

From Malay pernah, from Sanskrit पारणा (pāraṇā, “going through”).

der

semelfactive or non-iterative aspect i. e. the action or situation has happened once or more but did not repeat itself


pantun

(poetry) pantoum: a poem, similar to a villanelle, that comprises a series of quatrains, the second and fourth lines of each stanza repeated as the first and third lines of the next

sarcasm, specifically indirect reference

(drama) a Sundanese oral narrative performance


Ratna

From Sanskrit रत्न (rátna, “jewel, gem”).


kaset

From English cassette, from French cassette.

a small flat case containing magnetic tape on two reels, used to record and play back audio and video material

a lightproof container for photographic film


PPN

pajak pertambahan nilai
pajak pertambahan nilai#Indonesian

(taxation, real estate) Initialism of pajak pertambahan nilai (“value added tax”).


PPN

(government) Initialism of perencanaan pembangunan nasional (“national development planning”).


SMA

Pandemi virus korona terjadi saat aku naik ke kelas 1 SMA.

The coronavirus pandemic happened on my first year of senior high school.

sekolah menengah atas
sekolah menengah atas#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of sekolah menengah atas (“senior high school”).

satuan massa atom
satuan massa atom#Indonesian

(chemistry) Initialism of satuan massa atom (“atomic mass unit”).


PTS

perguruan tinggi swasta
perguruan tinggi swasta#Indonesian

(education) initialism of perguruan tinggi swasta (“private higher education institution”).


kelabu asap

kelabu asap:


kepada

kêpada (canonical)
kpd (alternative abbreviation)

Affixed ke- + pada, from Malay kepada (“to (a person)”), from Classical Malay kepada (“to (a place)”).

Mohon, kirimlah salamku kepada ibuku.


belau

belau-belau (plural)
blau (alternative nonstandard)


biru langit

Inherited from Malay biru langit. By surface analysis, biru (“blue”) + langit (“sky”).

surf

biru langit:

biru langit:


akal

akal-akal (plural)
akal (root)
berakal (active nominative)
mengakali (active)
terakali (passive)
diakali (passive)
akali
akalilah
mengakalkan (active)
diakalkan (passive)
akalkan
akalkanlah
memperakali (active causative)
diperakali (causative passive)
perakali (causative)
perakalilah (causative)
memperakalkan (active causative)
diperakalkan (causative passive)

From Malay akal, from Classical Malay عقل (akal), from Arabic عَقْل (ʕaql, “understanding, intellect”).

der

mind
the capability for rational thought

way (a method or manner of doing something)

trick; deception (an instance of actions and/or schemes fabricated to mislead someone into believing a lie or inaccuracy)

reason (rational thinking (or the capacity for it); the cognitive faculties, collectively, of conception, judgment, deduction and intuition)


lancar

From Malay lancar, from Portuguese lançar, Old Galician-Portuguese lançar, from Late Latin lanceāre (“throw a spear”), from Latin lancea (“spear”). Doublet of lansir and luncur.

Roda itu berputar dengan lancar.

Bule itu sudah lancar berbahasa Indonesia.

(in compounds) current: existing or occurring at the moment; generally accepted, used, practiced, or prevalent at the moment


jemput

Inherited from Malay jemput (“to invite; to fetch, to pick up”).


autohipnosis

(psychology) autohypnosis, autohypnotization, self-hypnosis


konsortium

From Dutch consortium, from Latin consortium, from consors, consortis.

alternative form of konsorsium (“consortium”)


aerob

From Dutch aerobic, from French aérobe, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”) + βίος (bíos, “life”).


ASPD

w:id:Asesmen Standarisasi Pendidikan Daerah

(education) Initialism of asesmen standarisasi pendidikan daerah (literally “regional education standardization assessment”).

asesmen standarisasi pendidikan daerah

antisocial personality disorder
antisocial personality disorder#English

(psychiatry) Initialism of antisocial personality disorder.

advanced sleep phase disorder
advanced sleep phase disorder#English

(medicine) Initialism of advanced sleep phase disorder.


Katolik

From Dutch katholiek, from Latin catholicus, from Ancient Greek κᾰθολῐκός (kătholĭkós). Compare to Afrikaans Katoliek.

Catholic, of the Roman Catholic church in particular


subur

head

subur (superlative tersubur, equative sesubur)

tersubur (superlative)
sesubur (equative)


pandai

pandai (comparative lebih pandai, superlative paling pandai or terpandai, equative sepandai)

lebih pandai (comparative)
paling pandai (superlative)
terpandai (superlative)
sepandai (equative)
pande (alternative colloquial)

Inherited from Malay pandai, from Old Javanese paṇḍe, paṇḍay (“skilled worker; smith”), from Prakrit paṁḍia, from Sanskrit पाण्ड्यः (pāṇḍyaḥ, “best of the learned”), पाण्डित्य (pāṇḍitya, “cleverness”) or पण्डित (paṇḍita). Doublet of pandita and pendeta.

der

smart
exhibiting social ability or cleverness

exhibiting intellectual knowledge, such as that found in books

equipped with intelligent behaviour (digital/computer technology)

able (having the necessary knowledge to accomplish a task)


pandai

smith (a craftsperson who works metal into desired forms using a hammer and other tools, sometimes heating the metal to make it more workable, especially a blacksmith)


terang

From Malay terang, probably from Old Javanese traṅ.

clear
easily or distinctly heard; audible


lensa

From Dutch lens, from Latin lēns (“lentil”).


hanbok

Learned borrowing from Korean 한복 (hanbok, “Korean clothing”), from Sino-Korean word from 韓服.

lbor

the traditional Korean dress (worn by both males and females), often characterized by vibrant colours and simple lines without pockets


khas

From Malay khas, from Classical Malay khas, from Arabic خَاصّ (ḵāṣṣ).

der

Arabic خَاصّ (ḵāṣṣ)


estafet

èstafèt (canonical)
estafet-estafet (plural)

From Dutch estafette, from French estafette, from Italian staffetta.

(colloquial) traveling in relays, such that one can take over from another


titik

From Malay titik, from Classical Malay titik (“drop”).


sekarang

Affixed of se- + karang, from Malay sekarang.


goblok

2024, Prabowo Subianto, his speech

Brothers and sisters, someone has mentioned "how many lands are owned" or "do you have this land", is he smart or dumb?

Saudara-saudara ada pula yang nyinggung-nyinggung punya tanah berapa punya tanah ini, dia pintar atau goblok sih?


tolol

From Malay tolol, from Portuguese tolo (“foolish”).

(offensive, vulgar) stupid, foolish, moronic


badut

From Malay badut, ultimately borrowed from Sundanese badud or Javanese badhud, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *baðu.

a slapstick performance artist often associated with a circus and usually characterized by bright, oversized clothing, a red nose, face paint, and a brightly colored wig

clown:
a person who acts in a silly fashion

(colloquial) jester (a person in colourful garb and fool's cap who amused a medieval and early modern royal or noble court)


bijak

Clipping of bijaksana.
* The sense of 'good in speaking' is Semantic loan from Minangkabau bijak.


bijaksana

head

bijaksana (comparative lebih bijaksana, superlative terbijaksana, equative sebijaksana)

lebih bijaksana (comparative)
terbijaksana (superlative)
sebijaksana (equative)
bijak (alternative clipping)

Borrowed from Sanskrit विचक्षण (vicakṣaṇa) via Malay bijaksana.


bestari

From Malay bestari (“smart”), from Classical Malay bestari, from Sanskrit विस्तार (vistāra, “extensive, broad, detailed”).


WIT

Waktu Indonesia Timur
Waktu Indonesia Timur#Indonesian


skop

From English scope, from Italian scopo (“purpose”), from Latin scopus (“target”), from Ancient Greek σκοπός (skopós), from σκέπτομαι (sképtomai), from Proto-Indo-European *speḱ-.

the breadth, depth or reach of a subject; a domain


apanase

apanasê (canonical)
apanase-apanase (plural)

From Dutch apanage, from Old French apaner, from Latin *appanare, adpanare (“to give bread”), from pānis (“bread”).


prota

(management) Acronym of program tahunan (“annual program”).


cekap

(archaic) synonym of cakap (“able, beautiful, ....”)


anak muda

From Malay anak muda, from Classical Malay انق مودا (anak muda). Equivalent to anak (“child”) + muda (“young”).


sabda

From Malay sabda, from Classical Malay sabda, from Sanskrit शब्द (śabda).

(religion) word of a God, a prophet, or a king


dendam

From Malay dendam,
* probably from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəmdəm.
* probably from Sanskrit दंड (daṃḍa, “punishment, penalty”).


balas dendam

id-noun

balas dendam (plural balas-balas dendam)


siang

Inherited from Malay siang, from Javanese ꦱꦶꦪꦁ (siyang), from Old Javanese siyaṅ (“daytime”).

Mereka bekerja siang dan malam.

Kamu mau makan apa siang ini?

the time of the day towards noon until the end of the first half of the afternoon; the time of the day from around 11:00 until around 14:00


siang

Act of removing unwanted plant growth through physical method.

Act of removing fish scales and gills for cooking.


semalam

semalam-semalam (plural)
semalem (alternative informal)


tetikus

Partial reduplication of tikus (“mouse, rat”), from Malay tetikus.


lambang

(chemistry, mathematics) a character or glyph representing an idea, concept or object

a thing considered the embodiment of a concept or object


syarikat

sêrikat (canonical)
syarikat-syarikat (plural)


peratus

(rare) percent, percentage: the amount, number or rate of something, regarded as part of a total of 100; a part of a whole


lokasi

→ Malay: lokasi

Borrowed from Dutch locatie, from Latin locātiō. Cognate to Afrikaans locasie. Doublet of loka and lokus.


cendana

cêndana (canonical)
cendana-cendana (plural)

From Malay cendana (“sandalwood”), from Sanskrit चन्दन (candana).

Santalum album
Santalum album#Translingual


unggah

From Javanese unggah (ꦈꦁꦒꦃ, “to lift up”).


unduh

desc

→ Javanese: ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦝꦸꦃ (undhuh) (semantic loan)

Neologism, from Javanese undhuh (ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦝꦸꦃ, “to pick”).


muat

head

muat (base/imperative/colloquial muat, active memuat, ordinary passive dimuat, adversative passive termuat)


pangeran

pangèran (canonical)
pangeran-pangeran (plural)

Inherited from Malay pangeran (“prince”) (compare to Malay pengiran (“prince”)), from Javanese ꦥꦔꦺꦫꦤ꧀ (pangéran, “Lord; prince”), from Old Javanese paṅeran (“person, prince, princess, wife, daughter”, literally “master, lord”) (compare to paṅheran (“waiting-place, dwelling-place”)).


sentosa

From Malay sentosa (“peaceful”), from Sanskrit संतोष (saṃtoṣa, “contentment, satisfaction”).


-wan

From Pali -vant, from Sanskrit -वत् (-vat), from Proto-Indo-European *-wénts.


nilam

From Malay nilam, from Tamil நீலம் (nīlam, “blue, sapphire”), from Sanskrit नील (nīla, “dark color”).


nilam

Probably related to previous etymology..

Pycnonotus aurigaster
Pycnonotus aurigaster#Translingual

sooty-headed bulbul (Pycnonotus aurigaster)


niat

From Malay niat, from Classical Malay niat, niyat, niyyat, from Arabic نِيَّة (niyya). The sense in law was coined by Indonesian jurist and professor Moeljatno to translate Dutch voornemen.

coinage

Bukan niatku untuk mengganggu.


ultramarin

Borrowed from Dutch ultramarijn (“ultramarine”).

bor+

ultramarin:


ASMR

autonomous sensory meridian response
w:autonomous sensory meridian response

Initialism of autonomous sensory meridian response (“a claimed biological phenomenon involving a pleasurable tingling in response to a stimulus”).


sogi

From Japanese 将棋(しょうぎ) (shōgi, “shogi”, literally “general strategy board game”).

ja-r

(sports) shogi, Japanese chess; a chess variant created and mainly played in Japan


pangkal

pangkal-pangkal (plural)
mangkal (alternative)

(linguistics) stem (The main part of an uninflected word to which affixes may be added to form inflections of the word)

capital: money and wealth; the means to acquire goods and services, especially in a non-barter system


lebuh raya

lêbuh raya (canonical)
lebuh-lebuh raya (plural)

Compound of lebuh (“street, main road, thoroughfare; boulevard”) + raya (“great”).


didaktik

From Dutch didactiek, from French didactique, from Ancient Greek διδακτικός (didaktikós, “skilled in teaching”), from διδακτός (didaktós, “taught, learnt”), from διδάσκω (didáskō, “I teach, educate”).

der

(education) didactics: the art and science of teaching


spaning

From Dutch spanning (“tension, voltage”).


spaning

(colloquial) tense, showing signs of stress or strain; not relaxed


izin

izin-izin (plural)
ijin (alternative)
idzin (alternative)

Inherited from Malay izin, from Arabic إِذْن (ʔiḏn). Semantic loan from Dutch consent.


izin

Ibu, saya izin ke kamar mandi.


istirahat

From Malay istirahat, from Classical Malay istirahat, from Arabic اِسْتِرَاحَة (istirāḥa).
* Semantic loan from English break up for sense “break up”.

اِسْتِرَاحَة

Arabic اِسْتِرَاحَة (istirāḥa)

(intransitive) to take a break, to rest, to repose

(figurative) to end a relationship, especially intended back with ex; break up


korban

korban-korban (plural)
kurban (alternative)

From Malay korban, from Arabic قُرْبَان (qurbān), from Aramaic קורבנא (qurbānā). Cognate to Hebrew קָרְבָּן (qorbān). Doublet of kurban.

a living being slain and offered as a sacrifice, usually in a religious rite


kausal

From Dutch causaal, from Late Latin causālis, from Latin causa (“cause”).


Kalimantan

Unknown
* possibly from Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”) + मन्थन (manthana, “churning”).
* possibly from Javanese ("diamond river")

compound

Kalimantan (A region in Southeast Asia; the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo)

A former province of Indonesia, capital: Banjarmasin


Kalimantan

→ English: Kalimantan

→ Dutch: Kalimantan

(anthropology) a member of a tribe or ethnic and linguistic group native to Kalimantan island


tajam

Inherited from Malay tajam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tazəm, from Proto-Austronesian *Cazəm.
* Semantic loan from Dutch scherp (“sharp”) for sharp sense except sense 1
* The sense in firearm is a semantic loan from Japanese 実(じつ) (jitsu, “real, true”).

sl

senjata tajam.

terminating in a point or edge, especially one that can cut easily

pikirannya tajam

kritik tajam

sharp:
offensive, critical, or acrimonious

tikungan tajam

acute: forming a small angle, angle of less than ninety degrees

peluru tajam

(of firearms or explosives) live: capable of causing harm

real, clear
live: capable of causing harm


pantograf

Internationalism, borrowed from French pantographe, from panto- (from Ancient Greek παντός (pantós), genitive singular of πᾶν (pân, “all”)), and -graphe (from γράφειν (gráphein, “to write”)).

a mechanical linkage based on parallelograms causing two objects to move in parallel; notably as a drawing aid

(rail transport) a similarly-formed conductive device, now usually Z-shaped, that collects electric current from overhead lines for trains and trams


polda

kepolisian daerah
kepolisian daerah#Indonesian

(law enforcement) Acronym of kepolisian daerah.


seter

From Dutch ster (“star”), from Middle Dutch sterre, sterne, from Old Dutch sterro, sterno, from Proto-Germanic *sternô, *sternǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.

(colloquial) star, a star-shaped ornament worn on the breast to indicate rank or honour


miliar

milyar (alternative)
giga- (alternative)

From Dutch miljard, from French milliard, million, by changing the suffix to -ard.


aerotitis

(pathology) aerotitis: an acute inflammation of the middle ear caused by the difference in air pressure between the airplane cabin and the middle-ear space


bangunan

bangunan-bangunan (plural)
bangoenan (alternative)

Affixation of bangun + -an, inherited from Malay bangunan.

building (a closed structure with walls and a roof)


pengadilan

pêngadilan (canonical)
pengadilan-pengadilan (plural)

Affixed adil + peng- -an. The sense of (law) court is reinforced by semantic loan from Japanese 法院(ほういん) (hōin) and Dutch gerecht.

ja-r

法院(ほういん) (hōin)

the persons officially assembled under authority of law, at the appropriate time and place, for the administration of justice; an official assembly, legally met together for the transaction of judicial business; a judge or judges sitting for the hearing or trial of cases

(law) court:
the session of a judicial assembly

the hall, chamber, or place, where justice is administered

(law) judgment, judgement: the act of determining, as in courts of law, what is conformable to law and justice; also, the determination, decision, or sentence of a court, or of a judge


turus

Inherited from Malay turus (“post, pile; pillar”), from Proto-Malayic *turus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *turus (“stake; free-standing post”).

inh

(statistics) tally: a mark registering a number or amount


tinja

From Javanese tinja (ꦠꦶꦚ꧀ꦗ), from Arabic اِسْتِنْجَاء (istinjāʔ, “istinja: ritual cleansing of the urethra or anus after using the toilet”).

der

اِسْتِنْجَاء


pulai

Alstonia scholaris
Alstonia scholaris#Translingual

name of several species of Alstonia, especially Alstonia scholaris


tunai

From Malay tunai, from Tamil துணை (tuṇai).


peria

pêria (canonical)
peria-peria (plural)
paria (alternative)
paré (alternative)

Inherited from Malay peria, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pəria (“bitter melon”). Doublet of paria and paré.


belat

From Malay belat, probably from Dutch blad (“blade”, literally “leaf”), from Middle Dutch blat, from Old Dutch *blat, from Proto-West Germanic *blad, from Proto-Germanic *bladą, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlh̥₃oto, from *bʰleh₃-.


setel

From Dutch stel, stellen, from Middle Dutch stellen, from Old Dutch *stellen, from Proto-West Germanic *stalljan.


setel

to put in a specified condition or state


selada

selada-selada (plural)
salada (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch salade, from Middle French salade, from Italian salata. Doublet of selat.


agresi

agrèsi (canonical)
agresi-agresi (plural)

From Dutch agressie (“aggression”), from Middle French agression, from Latin aggressiō.

, pencerobohan (Standard Malay)

(politics) the act of initiating hostilities or invasion; the practice or habit of launching attacks

, kegarhaan, kelangsangan (Standard Malay)

(education, psychology) hostile or destructive behavior or actions


hechting

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch hechting (“suturing”).


veem

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch veem (“warehouse”, literally “guild, association”).


impor

impor-impor (plural)
import (alternative)

From Dutch import, from Old French emporter, importer, from Latin importō (“bring in from abroad, import”, verb), from in (“in, at, on; into”) + portō (“I carry, bear; convey”).

der

import: something brought in from an exterior source, especially for sale or trade


resep

From Dutch recept, from Middle Dutch recepte, from Old French recepte, from Medieval Latin recepta.

(cooking) a set of instructions for making or preparing food dishes

prescription: by extension, a plan or procedure to obtain a given end result

resipi

instructions of food dishes, plan or procedure to obtain a given end

(medicine, pharmacy, ophthalmology) prescription: A written order from an authorized medical practitioner for provision of a medicine or other treatment, such as (ophthalmology) the specific lenses needed for a pair of glasses


konsep

konsèp (canonical)
konsep-konsep (plural)

From Dutch concept, from Middle French concept, from Latin conceptus.

concept, abstraction: an abstract and general idea

draft: an early version of a written work (such as a book or e-mail) or drawing; a preliminary sketch or outline for a plan


projek

* Unadapted borrowing from Dutch project, from Latin prōiectum.
* Reintroduced from English project, either directly or via Malay projek, ultimately from the same Latin word.

(dated, now nonstandard) alternative form of proyek (“project”)


insek

From Dutch insect (“insect”), insekt, from Latin īnsectum (“bug; cut up”), from īnsecō (“I cut up into”). The Latin is a calque of Ancient Greek ἔντομον (éntomon, “bug”), from ἔντομος (éntomos).


objek

From English object. Replaced earlier obyek.

object, objective:
a thing that has physical existence

objective; goal, end or purpose of something

(grammar) object: The noun phrase which is an internal complement of a verb phrase or a prepositional phrase. In a verb phrase with a transitive action verb, it is typically the receiver of the action

(physics, optics) objective: the optical element that gathers light from the object being observed and focuses the light rays to produce a real image


produk

From Dutch product, from Latin prōductum, from prōdūcō (“bring forward”).

product (anything that is produced; a result)


manuskrip

From Dutch manuscript, from Medieval Latin manuscrīptum (“writing by hand”), neuter of manuscrīptus.


cerita

cêrita (canonical)
tjerita (alternative)

From Malay cerita (“story”), from Classical Malay cetera (“story”), from Pali carita, from Sanskrit चरित (carita, “course of life”).


babar

Inherited from Malay بابر (babar, “expansion; to open out”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">babar</i>


babar

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦧꦂ (babar), from Old Javanese babar (“parted, scattered, rent asunder”).

der

alternative spelling of bebar (“to run here and there”)


pentil

pèntil (canonical)
pentil-pentil (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch ventiel (“valve”), from German Ventil, from Medieval Latin ventile.


pentil

pêntil (canonical)
pentil-pentil (plural)

Unknown, related to Javanese ꦥꦼꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦭ꧀ (penthil, “nipple”) and Javanese ꦥꦼꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦭ꧀ (pentil, “fruit bud”), and Old Javanese muntil (“bud”).


mandu

Unadapted borrowing from Javanese mandhu (ꦩꦤ꧀ꦝꦸ, “lead, accompany”), from Old Javanese amaṇḍuṅi (“to accompany”).


mandu

Learned borrowing from Korean 만두 (mandu), semantic loan from Chinese 饅頭 /馒头 (“steamed bun”).

lbor

(cooking) dumplings in Korean cuisine, usually made of tofu


paramita

From Sanskrit पारमिता (pāramitā, “perfection; completeness”).

der

(Buddhism) paramita: perfection or culmination of certain virtues


oden

Borrowed from Japanese 御田(おでん) (oden). Doublet of odeng.

(cooking) oden: a Japanese one pot winter dish, of varying ingredients


jarak

Ricinus communis
Ricinus communis#Translingual


hadis

From Malay hadis, from Classical Malay hadis, from Arabic حَدِيث (ḥadīṯ).


tanja

Blend of tanya jawab. Coined by Indonesian engineer Ivan Lanin 19 March 2012.


makani

head

makani (active memakani, passive dimakani)


konten

From English content, from Middle English content (plural contentes, contence), from Latin contentus, past participle of continēre (“to hold in, contain”).

content: subject matter; that which is contained in writing or speech, specifically in electronic form


kentut

kêntut (canonical)
kentut-kentut (plural)

[kənˈt̪ʊt̪̚]

Inherited from Malay kentut, from Proto-Malayic *kəntut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qətut, from Proto-Austronesian *qətut. The initial k- for *h- is unexpected. According to the Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, the form may have been derived via *ka-qətut > *ka-hətut > kəntut, however the loss of *h is unexplained.


kentut

[kənˈt̪ʊt̪̚]


bulir

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buliʀ, compare Tetum fulin.

ear (the fruiting body of a grain plant.)

(botany) spike (A kind of inflorescence in which sessile flowers are arranged on an unbranched elongated axis)


ART

anggaran rumah tangga
anggaran rumah tangga#Indonesian

asisten rumah tangga
asisten rumah tangga#Indonesian


rujak

rujak-rujak (plural)
rojak (alternative)

(cooking) rojak: traditional salad dish made of mixed raw fruits and cooked vegetables (sometimes also cooked meats) originated from Central and East Java regions


jagra

From Sanskrit जाग्रत् (jāgrat, “waking”).


soroban

From Japanese 算盤(そろばん) (soroban). Doublet of cempoa, cipoa, sempoa, sipoa, suipoa, and swipoa.


otomobil

car, automobile, a vehicle steered by a driver


layang-layang

Inherited from Malay layang-layang. Equivalent to reduplication of layang.

kite (a flying lightweight toy that is flat and shaped like a triangle, played in wind)

swallow, martin (any bird in the family Hirundinidae)

(geometry) a quadrilateral resembling the shape of a traditional toy kite (sense 1)


bule

(colloquial or possibly dated) albinism (person or any animal with the condition)

(colloquial, neutral or derogatory) a foreigner, usually a Westerner or a Caucasian


bule

(colloquial or possibly dated) albino (having albinism)


Monas

Abbreviation of Monumen Nasional (“National Monument”), a monument built to commemorate the martyrs who sacrificed their lives during Indonesia's struggle for Independence


semara

sêmara (canonical)
semara-semara (plural)
asmara (alternative)


angan

* Inherited from Malay angan (“wishful thinking; pipe dream”), from Old Javanese aṅĕn (“thoughts, considerations, reflections”).
* Learned borrowing from Old Javanese aṅĕn (“thoughts, considerations, reflections”).
* Semantic loan from Minangkabau angan (“thought, memory, intention”).

sl

reflection, meditation, pondering, musing, contemplation,


etis

ethical,
of or relating to the study of ethics

of or relating to the accepted principles of right and wrong, especially those of some organization or profession


nasel

Borrowed from English nacelle, from French nacelle (“rowing boat, skiff; gondola (of a hot-air balloon, etc.); structure on an aircraft to house an engine”), from Middle French nacelle (“rowing boat, skiff”), from Old French nacele, from Late Latin naucella, nāvicella (“small boat or ship”), from Latin nāvis (“a ship”).

der

(aviation) nacelle: a separate streamlined enclosure mounted on an aircraft to house, originally, an engine, and now also cargo or crew


asil

From Dutch asyl (current spelling asiel), from French asile, from Latin asȳlum, from Ancient Greek ἄσυλον (ásulon).

a place of protection or restraint for one or more classes of the disadvantaged, especially the mentally ill


kiper

(sports) keeper (goalkeeper or wicketkeeper)


pahala

From Malay pahala, from Sanskrit फल (phála), which is in turn from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam (“ripe fruit”). Doublet of pala.


preventif

Borrowed from Dutch preventief (“preventive”), from French préventif.


legislatif

From Dutch legislatief, from French législatif.

Pemberdayaan lembaga legislatif bisa jadi salah satu solusi.

Empowerment of legislative body can be a solution.

(government, politics) legislative, making, or having the power to make, a law or laws; lawmaking


definitif

From Dutch definitief, from Middle Dutch definitijf, from Middle French definitif, from Old French definitif, from Latin dēfīnītīvus.


tambur

From Dutch tamboer, from French tambour, from Arabic طُنْبُور (ṭunbūr) or Persian تبیر (tabir, “drum”).


arisan

a gathering in which prizes are distributed to each member evenly (usually money), usually on a monthly basis, by using the lottery method to determine the winner(s). The winner(s) still has an obligation to distribute the prize, but loses his/her right to win in the next draw until the new round starts. A full round is completed after all of its participants get prizes


reguler

From Dutch regulair, from Middle French reguler, regulier (Modern French régulier), from Old French [Term?], from Latin rēgulāris (“continuing rules for guidance”), from rēgula (“rule”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *reg- (“move in a straight line”).

der

regular: having a constant pattern; showing evenness of form or appearance


ketam

From Malay ketam, from Austroasiatic Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aam (“crab”) (whence Khmer ក្ដាម (kdaam), Vietnamese đam, Mon ဂတာံ (hətam)).


dikte

From Dutch dictee, from French dictée, from Latin [Term?].

dictating, the process of speaking for someone else to write down the words

(education) an activity in school where the teacher reads a passage aloud and the students write it down


dalu

Borrowed from Javanese ꦢꦭꦸ (dalu), from Old Javanese dalu, probably derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer [Term?].


mosi

From Dutch motie, from French motion, from English motion, from Old French motion, from Latin motio (“movement, motion”).

Parlemen setuju usulan mosi tidak percaya atas Perdana Menteri.

Parliament pass the proposal of no confidence motion in Prime Minister.


a prima vista

Unadapted borrowing from Italian a prima vista.

ubor

pada pandangan pertama
pada pandangan pertama#Indonesian

(rare) Synonym of pada pandangan pertama (“at first sight”)


me-

From prefix meng-. Prefix meng- before initials /l/, /m/, /n/, /ɲ/ ⟨ny⟩, /ŋ/ ⟨ng⟩, /r/, /y/ or /w/ will cause fusion with transformation of meng- into me-.

Form of prefix meng- before initials of /l/, /m/, /n/, /ɲ/ ⟨ny⟩, /ŋ/ ⟨ng⟩, /r/, /y/ or /w/.

prefix meng- before initials of /l/, /m/, /n/, /ɲ/, /r/, /y/ or /w/


sabar

From Malay sabar, from Arabic صَبْر (ṣabr).


bijih

Inherited from Malay bijih, from Sanskrit बीज (bīja, “seed”). Doublet of bija and biji.


senyum

sênyum (canonical)
senyum-senyum (plural)


lindu

From Javanese ꦭꦶꦤ꧀ꦝꦸ (lindhu, “earthquake”), from Old Javanese liṇḍū, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *linduʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *linuʀ. Compare to Tagalog lindol.


ilmu

Inherited from Malay ilmu, from Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).

the collective discipline of study or learning acquired through the scientific method; the sum of knowledge gained from such methods and discipline

a particular discipline or branch of knowledge that is natural, measurable or consisting of systematic principles rather than intuition or technical skill


masalah

masalah-masalah (plural)
masälah (alternative)

From Malay masalah, from Classical Malay مسئله (masalah), from Arabic مَسْأَلَة (masʔala).


masalah

From Indonesian masyaallah, from Arabic مَا شَاءَ الله (mā šāʔa llāh).

der

مَا شَاءَ الله

Arabic مَا شَاءَ الله (mā šāʔa llāh)

(colloquial) Alternative spelling of masyaallah (“mashallah, what God wills; God has willed”)


toples

Hypercorrection of setoples as se- + toples.

Alternative form of stoples (“(bell) jar”)


losion

losion-losion (plural)
losén (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Dutch lotion, from French lotion, from Latin lotio (“a washing”).


malik

Inherited from Malay malik, from Arabic مَالِك (mālik).


sopir

sopir-sopir (plural)
chauffeur (alternative)

From Dutch chauffeur (“driver”), from French chauffeur.


sahaja

From Malay sahaja, from Sanskrit सहज (sahaja, “natural, innate, original”).


karpet

karpèt (canonical)
karpet-karpet (plural)


geiser

geiser-geiser (plural)
geyser (alternative nonstandard)

From Dutch geiser, from Geysir, a particular Icelandic geyser, which named after Icelandic geysir (“gusher”) and the verb geysa (“to gush”), from Old Norse geysa (“to gush”).

(geology) geyser: a boiling natural spring which throws forth at frequent intervals jets of water, mud etc., driven up by the expansive power of steam


debus

dêbus (canonical)
debus-debus (plural)
dabus (alternative)

From Malay dabus, from Persian دبوس (dabus, “club, mace; sceptre”).

martial arts performance in which the players stab themselves with sharp objects, eat shards of glass, cut their tongues, roll over barbed wire, etc.


abar

(chiefly dialectal) Synonym of dinding (“wall”)

(chiefly dialectal) Synonym of rem (“brake”)

(dialectal) the reason why intentions, plans, goals, etc. cannot be implemented


banjar

From Malay banjar (“row; line”). Cognate of Javanese ꦧꦚ꧀ꦗꦂ (banjar, “row; house”), Old Javanese bañjar (“row”).
* Sense of Balinese village council is a semantic loan from Balinese ᬩᬜ᭄ᬚᬃ (banjar), cognate of above.

sl

banjar: a Balinese village council made up of married men


banjar

Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta)


kopel

From Dutch koppel, from Old French couple, from Latin cōpula.


maskapai

Pertambangan ini kebanjakan dilakukan oleh maskapai partikulir asing, hanja tambang batu bara Sawah Lunto jang diusahakan oleh Pemerintah.

Most mining is done by foreign private company, only Sawah Lunto mine is done by the government.

Kita telah mencari hubungan dengan salah satu maskapai asuransi di Jepang yang tertua, ialah Dai-Ichi Mutual Life Insurance Company, yang didirikan pada 1902.

We had found relation with one of oldest insurance company in Japan, Dai-Ichi Mutual Life Insurance Company, which was established in 1902.

(dated) company: any business, whether incorporated or not, that manufactures or sells products (also known as goods), or provides services as a commercial venture

Tapi di jalur domestik, maskapai saat ini memiliki sedikitnya enam pesawat.

However, the airline has at least six planes in domestic route.

maskapai penerbangan
maskapai penerbangan#Indonesian

(colloquial) ellipsis of maskapai penerbangan (“airline”, literally “aviation company”).


jadual

Dikatakan Faozal, saat wisatawan datang ke Lombok pada Ramadan, mereka sudah tidak kebingungan untuk mengatur jadual perjalanan. Karena, sudah ditawarkan paket perjalanan wisata saat Ramadan oleh travel agen.

2018 May 31, Andika Primasiwi, “Kemenpar Gandeng Dispar NTB Susun Paket Tur Ramadan [Tourism Ministry Cooperates with Government Tourism Office of West Nusa Tenggara to Arrange Ramadan Tour Packages]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2018-11-01:

Faozal said that, when tourists came to Lombok during Ramadan, they were no longer confused to arrange a travel schedule because they were already offered a tour package during the time of Ramadan by the travel agent.

Alternative spelling of jadwal (“schedule”)


FH

(education) Initialism of fakultas hukum.


traktat

From Dutch traktaat, from Medieval Latin tractātus (“treatise; treaty”).


sumpah

From Malay sumpah, from Classical Malay sumpah, from Old Malay sumpaḥ, probably from Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”).


kompeni

kompêni (canonical)
kompeni-kompeni (plural)

From Dutch compagnie (“company”), from Old French compaignie, from compain + -ie or alternatively from compagne, from Vulgar Latin *compania, from Late Latin compāniō. Doublet of kompi.

the Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (“Dutch East India Company”, literally “United East India Company”), VOC

Dutch East Indies colonial government, which was formed after nationalisation of the VOC in 1800

a military company, a sub-division of a battalion, specifically related to above


kolf

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch kolf, from Middle Dutch colve, from Proto-West Germanic *kolbō, from Proto-Germanic *kulbaz (“round object”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to form into a ball”).


jenazah

jênazah (canonical)
jenazah-jenazah (plural)
jenasah (alternative nonstandard)
djenazah (alternative)

From Malay jenazah, from Classical Malay jenazah, from Arabic جَنَازَة (janāza).


direk

From English direct, from Latin dīrectus.


pinjam

pinjam (root)
meminjam (active nominative)
terpinjam (nominative passive)
dipinjam (nominative passive)
pinjam (nominative)
pinjamlah (nominative)
meminjami (active)
terpinjami (passive)
dipinjami (passive)
pinjami
pinjamilah
meminjamkan (active)
terpinjamkan (passive)
dipinjamkan (passive)
pinjamkan
pinjamkanlah
memperpinjam (active causative nominative)
terperpinjam (causative nominative passive)
diperpinjam (causative nominative passive)
perpinjam (causative nominative)
perpinjamlah (causative nominative)
memperpinjami (active causative)
terperpinjami (causative passive)
diperpinjami (causative passive)
perpinjami (causative)
perpinjamilah (causative)
memperpinjamkan (active causative)
terperpinjamkan (causative passive)
diperpinjamkan (causative passive)
perpinjamkan (causative)
perpinjamkanlah (causative)

From Malay pinjam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hinzam, a variant of *həzam, from Proto-Austronesian *Səzam. The appearance of the sound /p/ at the beginning of a word is most likely due to the addition of a prefix per-.


petinggi

Affixed peng- + tinggi, from Malay petinggi, from Classical Malay petinggi.

authority: persons, regarded collectively, who occupy official positions of power to enforce rules; government or law enforcement


SBY

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
w:id:Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.


karyawan

employee, staff, worker (of a business organisation)


padmasana

From Sanskrit पद्मासन (padmāsana, “lotus seat”), a compound of पद्म (padma, “lotus”) + आसन (āsana, “asana”). Equal to padma + asana.

compound

(Bali, Hinduism) throne of deva in Balinese Hinduism temple

(archaeology, literal) a lotus-shaped seat

(archaeology) padmasana, the lotus position


kartilago

Learned borrowing from Latin cartilāgō (“cartilage”).

lbor

(anatomy) cartilage: A usually translucent and somewhat elastic, dense, nonvascular connective tissue found in various forms in the larynx and respiratory tract, in structures such as the external ear, and in the articulating surfaces of joints. It composes most of the skeleton of vertebrate embryos, being replaced by bone during ossification in the higher vertebrates


awam

From Malay awam, from Classical Malay awam, from Arabic عَوَامّ (ʕawāmm), plural of عَامَّة (ʕāmma).

common, ordinary, public (of common people)