agresor

agrèsor (canonical)
agresor-agresor (plural)

From Dutch aggressor, from Latin aggressor (“attacker, assailant, aggressor”).


akrobat

From Dutch acrobaat, from French acrobate or German Akrobat, from Ancient Greek ἀκροβάτης (akrobátēs).

acrobatics: the art of performing acrobatic gymnastic feats


akumulator

Borrowed from Dutch accumulator, from Latin accumulātor, agent noun of accumulō (“pile up”).

(Standard Malay)

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) a wet-cell storage battery

(engineering) a container which stores hydraulic power for release, in the form of a pressurized fluid (often suspended within a larger tank of fluid under pressure)


antena

antèna (canonical)
antena-antena (plural)
antènê (alternative)

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin antenna.

(physics) an apparatus to receive or transmit electromagnetic waves and convert respectively to or from an electrical signal

(zoology) a feeler organ on the head of an insect, crab, or other animal

(volleyball) the vertical rods (normally white and red) mounted near the edges of the net which gives volleyball players and referees a visual aid to judge if a ball is in play or out of bounds as it travels over the net


arak

From Malay arak, from Classical Malay ارق (arak), from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

arrack; an alcoholic beverage usually made from fermenting rice; rice wine


arak

arak (root)
mengarak (active nominative)
berarak (active nominative)
terarak (nominative passive)
diarak (nominative passive)
arak (nominative)
araklah (nominative)
mengaraki (active)
diaraki (passive)
araki
arakilah
mengarakkan (active)
berarakkan (active)
terarakkan (passive)
diarakkan (passive)
arakkan
arakkanlah
diperarakkan (causative nominative passive)

From Malay arak, from Classical Malay ارق (arak), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aʀak (“to walk single-file”).

inh

...pengantin wanita dan pengantin laki-laki... di arak atau pawai di sekitar kampung.

Preserving Riau: Book 1: Cultural Essay Anthology


balon

From Dutch ballon. Cognate with Malay belon.


balon

id-noun

balon (plural balon-balon or para balon)

balon-balon (plural)
para balon (plural)

(dialectal or obsolete) Synonym of pelacur (“whore”)


balon

Acronym of bakal calon (“prospective candidate, aspirant”).


agregat

agrégat (canonical)
agregat-agregat (plural)

From Dutch aggregaat, from Latin aggregātus.

a mass, assemblage, or sum of particulars; something consisting of elements but considered as a whole

(geology) solid particles of low aspect ratio added to a composite material, as distinguished from the matrix and any fibers or reinforcements; especially the gravel and sand added to concrete

(sports) the total score in a set of games between teams or competitors, usually the combination of the home and away scores

engine-generator, engine-generator set, or a gen-set: the combination of an electrical generator and an engine (prime mover) mounted together to form a single piece of equipment


hortikultura

(Standard Malay)


optika

Borrowed from Dutch optica, from Latin optica, from Ancient Greek ὀπτική (optikḗ).

optics (the physics of light and vision)


retorika

rétorika (canonical)
retorika-retorika (plural)
rétorik (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch retorica, from Latin rhētorica, from Ancient Greek ῥητορική (rhētorikḗ), feminine form of ῥητορικός (rhētorikós, “concerning public speech”), from ῥήτωρ (rhḗtōr, “public speaker”).

the art of using language, especially public speaking, as a means to persuade

meaningless language with an exaggerated style intended to impress


statika

statika-statika (plural)
statik (alternative)


akronim

From Dutch acroniem, from Ancient Greek ἄκρος (ákros, “extremity”) and ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”).


turun

From Malay turun, from Classical Malay turun (“descend”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuʀun (“to descend, go down; to lower”). Semantic loan from Javanese ꦠꦸꦫꦸꦤ꧀ (turun, “to copy”) for sense of to copy.

sl

turun tangga

(colloquial) to take to the dance floor; to take to the stage


alpaka

From Dutch alpaca, from Spanish alpaca, from Aymara allpaqa.

a sheep-like animal of the Andes, Vicugna pacos, in the camel family, closely related to the llama, guanaco, and vicuña


alpaka

Unknown, possibly Sanskrit अल्पक (alpaka, “small, minute”).


alpaka

From Balinese ᬅᬮ᭄ᬧᬓ (“oppose; treason, rebel”).


ambis

Borrowed from Balinese ᬳᬫ᭄ᬩᬶᬲ᭄ (hambis, “to pull”).


koki

From Dutch kokje, diminutive of kok (“cook, chef”), from Middle Dutch coc, from Latin coquus.

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian


ampula

Learned borrowing from Latin ampulla. Doublet of ampul.

(anatomy, biology, zoology) the dilated end of a duct

ampulla,
(botany) the spongiole of a root


korona

From English corona, from Latin corōna (“garland, crown”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “garland, wreath”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Doublet of keron.

der

(astronomy) the luminous plasma atmosphere of the Sun or other star, extending millions of kilometres into space, most easily seen during a total solar eclipse

(colloquial) coronavirus, coronavirus disease

corona,
coronavirus, coronavirus disease


pulut

From Malay pulut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pulut. Cognate of Tagalog pulot.


azuki

Vigna angularis
Vigna angularis#Translingual


ransel

ransêl (canonical)
ransel-ransel (plural)
rangsel (alternative)

From Dutch ransel, from German Ränzel. Cognate with Afrikaans ransel, Japanese ランドセル (randoseru).


feniks

Borrowed from Dutch feniks (“phoenix”), from Medieval Latin phenix, from Latin phoenīx, from Ancient Greek φοῖνιξ (phoînix), from Egyptian bnw (boinu, “grey heron”). Doublet of foniks and funiks.

(mythology) a mythological bird, said to be the only one of its kind, which lives for 500 years and then dies by burning to ashes on a pyre of its own making, ignited by the sun. It then arises anew from the ashes

(mythology) a mythological Chinese chimerical bird whose physical body symbolizes the six celestial bodies; a fenghuang


feniks

foniks (alternative)
funiks (alternative)

(astronomy) Phoenix: A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the mythical bird. It lies north of Tucana


panas

From Malay panas, from Proto-Malayic *panas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *panas.


amelogenin

(biochemistry) amelogenin: a protein found in the enamel of teeth


aerostatika

aérostatika (canonical)
aerostatika-aerostatika (plural)


kolektor

kolèktor (canonical)
kolektor-kolektor (plural)

From Dutch collecteur, from French collecteur.

a person who or thing that collects, or which creates or manages a collection

a person who is employed to collect payments

(rail transport) a current collector on an electric train or locomotive which is in contact with the live rail

(Standard Malay)

(electronics) the amplified terminal on a bipolar junction transistor


kobalt

Borrowed from Dutch Kobalt, from German Kobalt.


arsen

arsèn (canonical)
arsen-arsen (plural)
arsènik (alternative)

From Dutch arseen, from German Arsen, from Latin arsenicum, from Ancient Greek ἀρσενικόν (arsenikón) (influenced by ἀρσενικός (arsenikós)), from Semitic, from Middle Persian [script needed] (zarnīk), from Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬀 (zaraniia, “gold”), from 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬌 (zari), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃i.


elektron

èlèktron (canonical)
elektron-elektron (plural)

From Dutch elektron, electron, from English electron.

(physics) electron: The subatomic particle having a negative charge and orbiting the nucleus; the flow of electrons in a conductor constitutes electricity


demagogi

Borrowed from Dutch demagogie (“demagoguery”), from French démagogie.


dwi-

From Malay dwi-, from dwi, from Sanskrit द्वि (dvi), from द्व (dvá), from Proto-Indo-European *dwó, *dwóh₁.


partus

Learned borrowing from Latin partus (“birth, delivery”).

lbor

(obstetrics, technical) childbirth, parturition (the fact or action of giving birth to a child, as the culmination of pregnancy)


raksi

From Malay raksi, from Pali rasa, from Sanskrit रस (rasa). Doublet of raksa, rasa, and resi.


marmelade

From Dutch marmelade, from French marmelade (“jam, preserve”), from Middle French marmelade, from Galician or Portuguese marmelada (“jam, preserve”), from marmelo.


etanol

etanol-etanol (plural)
ethanol (alternative nonstandard)

(chemistry) ethanol: a simple aliphatic alcohol formally derived from ethane by replacing one hydrogen atom with a hydroxyl group: CH₃-CH₂-OH


pompa

pompa-pompa (plural)
kompa (alternative)
pam (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch pompe, pompen. Doublet of bomba.

pump, a device for moving or compressing a liquid or gas


antraks

From Dutch antrax, from Ancient Greek ἄνθραξ (ánthrax, literally “charcoal”).


apologet

Borrowed from Dutch apologeet (“apologist”).

bor+

apologist: one who speaks or writes in defense of a faith, a cause, or an institution


autokrat

autokrat-autokrat (plural)
otokrat (alternative nonstandard)

Prefixed auto- + *krat, from Dutch autocraat (“autocrat”), from French autocrate, from Ancient Greek αὐτοκρατής (autokratḗs).


ekspres

From English express, from French exprès, from Latin expressus.


hobi

Melukis itu sebagai hobi saja, bukan sebagai mata pencahariannya

Painting is just their hobby, not their livelihood.


kapela

kapela-kapela (plural)
Kapela (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin cappella. Doublet of kapel

(Christianity, Roman Catholicism) Alternative spelling of kapel (“chapel”)


struma

(pathology) goiter, goitre: an enlargement of the front and sides of the neck caused by inflammation of the thyroid gland


kupe

From Dutch coupé (“coupé”), from French coupé (an elliptical form of carosse coupé (“cut carriage”)), the past participle of couper (“to cut”). Doublet of kup.

coupé: the front compartment of a railway carriage


tokay

(colloquial, originally Prokem slang) excrement, feces, dung


ablepsia

ablèpsia (canonical)
ablepsia-ablepsia (plural)

From Ancient Greek ἀβλεψία (ablepsía, “blindness”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + βλέπω (blépō, “see”).


anonim

From Dutch anoniem, from French anonyme, from Latin anōnymus, from Ancient Greek ἀνώνυμος (anṓnumos).


reken

From Dutch reken, rekenen, from Middle Dutch rēkenen, from Old Dutch *rekanon, from Proto-Germanic *rekanōną, indirectly derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-.


arca

From Malay arca, from Sanskrit अर्चा (arcā, “worship, idol”).

idol (a graven image or representation of anything that is revered, or believed to convey spiritual power)


autografi

autografi-autografi (plural)
otografi (alternative)


donator

Alternative spelling of donatur (“donor”)


mesjid

mêsjid (canonical)
mesjid-mesjid (plural)

[məsˈd͡ʒɪt̪̚]


biola

From Malay biola, from Portuguese viola, from Old Galician-Portuguese viola, from Old Occitan viola, from Medieval Latin vitula, from Vitula, Roman goddess of joy and victory.

(music) violin: A musical four-string instrument, generally played with a bow or by plucking the string, with the pitch set by pressing the strings at the appropriate place with the fingers; also any instrument of the violin family


gereja

gêrèja (canonical)
gereja-gereja (plural)

Inherited from Malay ݢريجا (gereja, “church”), from Portuguese igreja, from Old Galician-Portuguese igreja, from Latin ecclēsia, from Ancient Greek ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía, “congregation”). Doublet of eklesia.

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">gereja</i>

der

(countable) a Christian house of worship; a building where Christian religious services take place.

(uncountable) Christians collectively seen as a single spiritual community; Christianity; Christendom.

(countable) a particular denomination of Christianity.

(countable) a local group of people who follow the same Christian religious beliefs, local or general.

a gathering of faithful in a temple, church, synagogue, mosque or other place of worship. It can also refer to the people who are present at a devotional service in the building, particularly in contrast to the pastor, minister, imam, rabbi etc. and/or choir, who may be seated apart from the general congregation or lead the service (notably in responsory form).

a corporate body whose members gather for worship, or the members of such a body.


dasawarsa

decennium, decade (a period of ten years)


teorema

téorèma (canonical)
teorema-teorema (plural)
téorem (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch theorema, from Latin theōrēma, from Ancient Greek θεώρημα (theṓrēma).


susur

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦸꦱꦸꦂ (susur, “quid; prop, wedge”), from Old Javanese susur (“quid”).

bor+

quid: a piece of material for chewing, especially chewing tobacco

sharp fibers on the trunk of a coconut tree


ter-

From Malay ter-, from Classical Malay ter-, from Proto-Malayic *tAr-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀ-, from Proto-Austronesian *taʀ-.

ter- + tidur (“sleep”) → tertidur (“(accidentally) slept”)

incidental aspect of the passive ambitransitive (intransitive-transitive) verb

ter- + jatuh (“fall”) → terjatuh (“(suddenly) fall”)

momentaneous aspect of the passive intransitive verb

ter- + letak (“to place”) → terletak (“have been placed”)

ter- + sangka (“to suspect”) → tersangka (“to be suspected”)

ter- + sangka (“to suspect”) → tersangka (“suspect”)

(law, in extension) noun derivative from perfective aspect of the passive transitive verb

ter- + beli (“to buy”) → terbeli (“to be able to buy”)

potential mood of the passive transitive verb: to be able [base]


ter-

base (adjective)
base (adverb)
te- (alternative)

ter- + besar (“big”) → terbesar (“biggest”)

ter- + panjang (“long”) → terpanjang (“longest”)

used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs.


lusin

lusin-lusin (plural)
dosin (alternative)
losin (alternative)

→ Min Nan: 勞申 /劳申 (lô͘-sin)

From Dutch dozijn (“dozen”), from Middle Dutch dosine, from Old French douzaine as douze (“twelve”).


jakun

From Malay jakun, from extension of the Malay Jakun, an indigenous ethnic group inhabiting the jungles of Pahang, Johor and Negeri Sembilan. Compare to meaning of Singaporean English jakun.

(dialect, Riau) jakun: fascinated with objects, events, or experiences which seem ordinary to others


kokon

From Dutch cocon, from French cocon, from Occitan coucoun (“cocoon”), derived from coco (“shell”).

cocoon, pupa: the silky protective case spun by the larvae of some insects in which they metamorphose


vakum

From Dutch vacuüm, from Latin vacuum (“an empty space, void”), noun use of neuter of vacuus (“empty”), related to vacare (“be empty”).

vacuum: a region of space that contains no matter


tiket

From English ticket, from Middle English ticket, from Old French etiquet m, *estiquet m, and etiquette f, estiquette f (“a bill, note, label, ticket”), from Old French estechier, estichier, estequier (“to attach, stick”), (compare Picard estiquier (“to stick, pierce”)), from Frankish *stikkan, *stikjan (“to stick, pierce, sting”), from Proto-Germanic *stikaną, *stikōną, *staikijaną (“to be sharp, pierce, prick”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to be sharp, to stab”). Doublet of etiket.

der

a pass entitling the holder to admission to a show, concert, etc.

a pass entitling the holder to board a train, a bus, a plane, or other means of transportation

Tiket untuk keduanya biasanya dapat dibeli di mesin-mesin otomatis.

Both tickets can be bought at the automatic machines.


kongres

kongrès (canonical)
kongres-kongres (plural)
konggres (alternative)

From earlier konggres, from Dutch congres, from Latin congressum.

(politics) congress (large consultative and/or legislative body)

congress (formal meeting, gathering or assembly)


maksi

From English maxi, a back-formation from maximum.


maksi

(colloquial) short for makan siang (“lunch”).


protokol

From Dutch protocol, from Middle Dutch protocol, from Late Latin protocollum (“the first sheet of a volume (on which contents and errata were written)”), from Byzantine Greek πρωτόκολλον (prōtókollon, “first sheet glued onto a manuscript”), from πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”) + κόλλα (kólla, “glue”).

rule, guideline etc which guides diplomatic behaviour

(colloquial) a set of formal rules describing how to transmit or exchange data, especially across a network

master of ceremonies
master of ceremonies


komentar

komèntar (canonical)
komentar-komentar (plural)
komèn (alternative colloquial)
komén (alternative)

→ Malay: koméntar

Borrowed from Dutch commentaar, from German Kommentar, from Latin commentārius (“notebook”) (compare Malay komen).

mengomentari [agent focus + causative benefactive]


remi

remi (canonical)
rèmi (canonical)
remi-remi (plural)

rummy: a draw and discard card game with many rule variants, conceptually similar to mahjong


kolot

Probably merger from Javanese kolot (“conservative”) and Sundanese kolot (“old, elderly”)


sablon

From Dutch sjabloon, from German Schablone, from Middle Dutch schampelioen, from French échantillon (“sample, extract”), from Old French eschantiller, from Latin scandere (“to clim, ascend”).


stabil

From Dutch stabiel, from Middle French stabile, from Latin stabilis.


can-can

Unadapted borrowing from French cancan (“cancan dance”).

ubor

(dance) cancan: a high-kicking chorus line dance originating in France


hangat

Inherited from Malay hangat, from Proto-Malayic *haŋət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaŋət (“warm”).


babat

From Malay babat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bajbaj, from Proto-Austronesian *bajbaj (“loosen, untie, unwrap; unravel; to clear forest”), *-baj (“unravel, untie”).


babat

From Javanese ꦧꦧꦠ꧀ (babat), from Old Javanese babat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babat (“animal belly”). Compare to Maranao babat, Sundanese babat.

der

Berapaan soto babatnya? (colloquial)


babat

From Minangkabau [Term?]. Doublet of bebat.


-ik

From English -ic, from Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos, formed with the i-stem suffix *-i- and the adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos.

analitik


-nja

(1901–1947, 1947–1972) Superseded spelling of -nya.


taun

Inherited from Malay taun, from Arabic طَاعُون (ṭāʕūn).

Arabic طَاعُون (ṭāʕūn)


termometer

From Dutch thermometer, from French thermomètre, from Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós, “hot”) + μέτρον (métron, “measure”).

compound

thermometer: an apparatus used to measure temperature


akut

From Dutch acuut (“acute”), from Latin acūtus.

(geometry) of an angle: less than 90 degrees

acute:
of an angle: less than 90 degrees

(pathology) of an abnormal condition of recent or sudden onset, in contrast to delayed onset; this sense does not imply severity, unlike the common usage

(pathology) of a short-lived condition, in contrast to a chronic condition; this sense also does not imply severity

(colloquial) urgent: requiring immediate attention

acute:
urgent: requiring immediate attention


karisma

karisma-karisma (plural)
kharisma (alternative)

From Dutch charisma, from Latin, from Ancient Greek χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ (khắrĭsmă, “grace, favour, gift”), from χᾰρῐ́ζομαι (khărĭ́zomai, “I show favor”), from χᾰ́ρῐς (khắrĭs, “grace”), from χαίρω (khaírō, “I am happy”).

der

(Christianity) an extraordinary power granted by the Holy Spirit


radiologi

Borrowed from Dutch radiologie (“radiology”).


genetika

gènètika (canonical)
genetika-genetika (plural)
génétik (alternative)

From Dutch genetica, from English genetics.

the branch of biology that deals with the transmission and variation of inherited characteristics, in particular chromosomes and DNA

the genetic makeup of a specific individual or species


saba

From Sundanese ᮞᮘ (saba), from Javanese ꦱꦧ (saba), from Old Javanese sabhā, from Sanskrit सभा (sabhā, “meeting”).


katsu

Borrowed from Japanese カツ (katsu, “cutlet”), shortening of カツレツ (katsuretsu), itself from English cutlet.

(cooking) katsu: Panko breaded and deep-fried Japanese food


sirene

sirénê (canonical)
sirene-sirene (plural)
siren (alternative)

From Dutch sirene, from Middle Dutch sirena, serene, from Old French sereine, from Late Latin sirēna, Latin Sīrēn, from Ancient Greek Σειρήν (Seirḗn).

siren, a device, either mechanical or electronic, that makes a piercingly loud sound as an alarm or signal, or the sound from such a device


chef d'oeuvre

id-noun

chef d'oeuvre (plural chef-chef d'oeuvre)

Unadapted borrowing from French chef-d’œuvre (“chef d'œuvre, masterpiece”)


stasi

Borrowed from Dutch statie (“station”) (compare Afrikaans stasie (“station”)), from French station, from Old French estation, estacion, from Latin stātiō, stātiōnem. Doublet of stasiun and stase. Cognate of Afrikaans stasie (“station”).

(Catholicism) administration division in a parish


nonsens

nonsèns (canonical)
nonsens-nonsens (plural)

(colloquial) nonsense, meaningless words


histogram

Borrowed from Dutch histogram, from English histogram.


afgan

From the name of singer Afgansyah Reza. Sense sadistic come from Afgan's single titled 'Sadis'.


Timor Leste

From Portuguese Timor Leste (“Timor-Leste”), Timor (“Timor”) + leste (“east”). Cognate of Indonesian Timor Timur and Tetum Timor Lorosa'e.

East Timor, Timor Leste (a country in Southeast Asia occupying half the island of Timor)

East Timor (Indonesian province)
Timor-Leste
id:Timor Leste


karakter

karaktêr (canonical)
karakter-karakter (plural)

From Dutch karakter, from Middle Dutch caracter, from Middle French caractère, from Old French caractere, from Latin character, from Ancient Greek χαρακτήρ (kharaktḗr).

a person's psychological characteristics; especially guts, backbone; quality, position, rank, or capacity; quality or conduct with respect to a certain office or duty

(computing, mathematics) a written or printed symbol, or letter

character:
a written or printed symbol, or letter

(computing) one of the basic elements making up a text file or string: a code representing a printing character or a control character


promotor

From Dutch promotor, from Latin promotor.

(education) promotor: a full professor of a university who acts as the principal supervisor of a student's doctoral research

promoter: one who promotes, particularly with respect to entertainment events or goods


bestek

bèstèk (canonical)
bestek-bestek (plural)

contractor’s specifications, plan, design


spalk

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch spalk (“splint”), from Middle Dutch spalke.

pasang spalk (bidai)

splint (supportive and immobilising device)


romo

From Javanese ꦫꦩ (rama, “father”), from Old Javanese rāma (“father”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *amax (“father”), from Proto-Austronesian *ama-h (“father”). Semantic loan from Portuguese padre (“priest”, literally “father”).


arja

From Balinese ᬅᬃᬚ (arja), probably from Sanskrit ऋज् (ṛj). Cognate of Old Javanese arjya, arja, rĕja (“good, beautiful, fortunate”).

cog

(drama) a Balinese dramatic performance, but often only a dance


absente

absence: failure to be present where one is expected, wanted, or needed; nonattendance; deficiency. (in school, work and others)

a person who is absent from his or her employment, school, post, duty, etc.

a landholder who lives in another district or country than the one in which his estate is situated


tanak

Inherited from Malay tanak, Proto-Malayic *tanək, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tanək, from Proto-Austronesian *taNək (“to cook anything but rice”).


studen

From English student, from Middle English student, studient, from Old French estudiant, estudiente, from Latin studēns, present participle of studeō (“dedicate oneself to, study”).

(colloquial, rare) Synonym of mahasiswa (“student”)


duka

From Malay duka, from Pali dukkha, from Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha).


gladi

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒ꧀ꦭꦝꦶ (gladhi, “drill, training; rehearsal”).


sosialisme

sosialismê (canonical)
sosialisme-sosialisme (plural)

Affixed sosial + -isme, from Dutch socialisme, from French socialisme.


peron

Borrowed from Dutch perron, from German Perron, from French perron, from Old French pierre, from Latin petra, from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra).

(rail transport) platform (structure for waiting for a train)


analogi

From Dutch analogie, from French analogie, from Latin analogia, from Ancient Greek ἀναλογῐ́ᾱ (analogĭ́ā).


katil

From Malay katil, from Tamil கட்டில் (kaṭṭil), from Sanskrit खट्वा (khaṭvā).


akor

akor-akor (plural)
accoord (alternative)

From Dutch akkoord, from Middle Dutch accoort, from Old French acorder (Modern French accord), from Vulgar Latin *accordāre, ultimately from Latin cor (“heart”). Doublet of accoord and akur.

(music) chord: a harmonic set of three or more notes that is heard as if sounding simultaneously

(nonstandard) alternative spelling of akur


metamorfosis

metamorfosis-metamorfosis (plural)
metamorfosa (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin metamorphōsis, from Ancient Greek μεταμόρφωσις (metamórphōsis), from μεταμορφόω (metamorphóō, “to transform, change, disguise”), from μετά (metá, “concerning change”) + μορφόω (morphóō, “to form”). The form displaced earlier loanword metamorfosa, borrowed from Dutch metamorfose.

der

μεταμόρφωσις

a transformation, such as one performed by magic

a noticeable change in character, appearance, function or condition

(biology) a change in the form and often habits of an animal after the embryonic stage during normal development

(pathology) a change in the structure of a specific body tissue


imperialisme

impérialismê (canonical)
imperialisme-imperialisme (plural)

From Dutch imperialisme, from French impérialisme. Equivalent to imperial + -isme,

(politics) imperialism (the policy of extending power, by force)


aneurisma

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀνεύρυσμα (aneúrusma, “a widening, a dilation”), ἀνευρύνω (aneurúnō, “to dilate”), ἀνά (aná, “up”) + εὐρύς (eurús, “wide”). Doublet of aneurisme.


suh

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦸꦃ (suh, “band, bind, hoop”), from Old Javanese suh (“band, girdle, tie”).

bor+

broomstick base strap; broom rope made from coconut leaf frond skin or rattan, woven to form a circle or bracelet according to the size of the circle of the broom to be tied

small circular woven bracelet for securing the drum's tension rope, made from rattan or cattle skin

bamboo or rattan blades woven into a circle, used as a binding for sticks (for brooms) or palm sticks (for whips)

(architecture) brass attached to the end of the saka


tentu

Inherited from Malay tentu, from Old Javanese tantu (“cord, thread; cause of continuity; continuous existence; thread of a story; fixed order, establishment of the world order; established holy place”), from Sanskrit तन्तु (tantu).

der

assertive, clear, decisive, firm, resolute


antri

From Dutch aantreden. The vowel shift to i may be due to folk-etymological association with santri.


Galatia

Learned borrowing from Latin Galatia, from Ancient Greek Γαλατία (Galatía).

(biblical) Galatians: The ninth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of Saint Paul to the Galatians


akanan

(dialectal) something to be finished; task


karina

Internationalism, from Latin carīna (“keel”).

(anatomy) any of several features that have a projecting central ridge

(zoology) the keel of the breastbone of birds

carina
the keel of the breastbone of birds


kehilangan

From Malay kehilangan,
from Classical Malay kehilangan. Equivalent to
From hilang + ke- -an.


kehilangan

Rizki kehilangan pekerjaannya.

(transitive, adversative) to suffer the loss of something [with direct object]


menerjemahkan

From Malay menerjemahkan. Equivalent to
meng- -kan + terjemah.

(transitive) to translate (to render text into another language)


kelambatan

id-noun

kêlambatan (countable and uncountable, plural kelambatan-kelambatan)

kêlambatan (canonical)
kelambatan-kelambatan (plural)

(uncountable) slowness (the quality or state of being slow)


benar

Inherited from Malay benar, from Proto-Malayic *bənər, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bənər.


benar

membenari [agent focus + causative benefactive]

membenarkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

memerbenar [causative passive + agent focus]

bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar


gerbong

coach (railroad car drawn by a locomotive)


lingkaran

* Affixed form of lingkar + -an
* Semantic loan from Dutch kring (literally “circle”).

sl

(geometry) a two-dimensional geometric figure, a line, consisting of the set of all those points in a plane that are equally distant from a given point (center)

circle:
a territorial division or district


konser

konsèr (canonical)
konser-konser (plural)
concert (alternative)
konsert (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Dutch concert, from French concert, from Italian concerto.


suksini

(rare) Nonstandard form of zukini (“courgette”).


selai

sêlai (canonical)
selai-selai (plural)
sele (alternative)

selai nanas

jam, sweet mixture of fruit boiled with sugar


panggang

head

panggang (active memanggang, passive dipanggang)

memanggang (active)
dipanggang (passive)

Inherited from Malay panggang, from Proto-Malayic *paŋgaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋgaŋ (“to roast over a fire; to toast”). Related to ganggang (“to broil, grill”).


timun

timun-timun (plural)
mentimun (alternative)

Inherited from Malay timun, from Proto-Malayic *timun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatimun.


air putih

Compound of air (“water”) + putih (“pure”, literally “white”), literally “white water”.

compound

drinking water, potable water: water that is suitable or intended for ingestion by humans


rempah-rempah

head

rêmpah-rêmpah (active merempah-rempah, passive dirempah-rempah)

rêmpah-rêmpah (canonical)
merempah-rempah (active)
dirempah-rempah (passive)


goreng

From Malay goreng, from Classical Malay goreng. Onomatopoeic. Cognate with Javanese ꦒꦺꦴꦫꦺꦁ (goréng).


goreng

menggoreng-goreng [reduplication + agent focus]

to fry (process to make something dry and crispy or crunchy)

saham perusahaan kecil itu digoreng

that small company's stock shares are pumped

(economics) to pump a price of a certain share or cryptocurrency


garam

→ Indonesian Bajau: garam

From Malay garam, from Classical Malay garam (“table salt”), from Proto-Malayic *garəm (“grain”). The chemistry sense is a semantic loan from Dutch zout (“salt”).

a common substance, chemically consisting mainly of sodium chloride (NaCl), used extensively as a condiment and preservative

(chemistry) one of the compounds formed from the reaction of an acid with a base, where a positive ion replaces a hydrogen of the acid

(cooking) short for garam dapur (“table salt”).


sama-sama

you're welcome, has a connotation of same to you


maaf

From Malay maaf, from Classical Malay maaf, ma'af, from Arabic مُعَاف (muʕāf, “exempt (from taxation)”).


minta tolong

Compound of minta (“to ask”) + tolong (“to help”), literally “to ask helping”


sampai

From Malay sampai, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sampay (“up to, as far as, until”).


sampai

tlb

(intransitive, does not take voice prefixes)


selamat siang

selamat siang pemirsa

(formal) A somewhat formal greeting generally used when daytime, near midday. When weather feel hotter than "pagi"; good day; good afternoon


silakan

From Malay silakan, from Classical Malay silakan. Equivalent to sila + -kan.


silakan

Modifies a verb to ask if the listener can please do the verb. For example: silakan membaca surat itu means can you please read (membaca) that letter (surat itu)?


selamat pagi

From selamat (“good”) + pagi (“morning”), from Malay selamat pagi.

pagi (alternative)
met pagi (alternative)

good morning (when seeing someone for the first time in the morning)


garuda

garuda-garuda (plural)
geroda (alternative)

From Javanese ꦒꦫꦸꦣ (garudha, “eagle”), from Old Javanese garuḍa, from Sanskrit गरुड (garuḍa).

Nisaetus bartelsi
Nisaetus bartelsi#Translingual

Garuda Pancasila
Garuda Pancasila#Indonesian

garuda: A large mythical bird or bird-like creature that appears in both Hindu and Buddhist mythology. Garuda is the son of Vinata. The bird is represented as an eagle, especially as elang Jawa or Javan hawk-eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi)

(colloquial) the Indonesian official coat of arms, Garuda Pancasila

(colloquial) the Indonesian national airline, Garuda Indonesia


porok

Borrowed from Javanese porok (ꦥꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦏ꧀, “fork”), from Dutch vork, from Middle Dutch vorke, from Old Dutch furka, from Proto-West Germanic *furkō, from Latin furca.


kata benda

Compound of kata (“word”) + benda (“thing”), calque of Dutch dingwoord (“noun, substantive”, literally “thing word”).


lipat

Inherited from Malay lipat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lipət, from Proto-Austronesian *lipət.


korek

ellipsis of korek api (“match (device to make fire)”).


korek

From Dutch correct, from Middle French correct, from Latin corrēctus.


pseudonim

Borrowed from Dutch pseudoniem (“pseudonym”).


suami

From Malay suami, from Old Malay [script needed] (svāmi), from Sanskrit स्वामी (svāmī), singular nominative of स्वामिन् (svāmín). Doublet of sami.

Coordinate term: istri

bersuami

to be married (feminine), to have a husband

mempersuamikan

to make someone becomes someone's husband


istri

istri-istri (plural)
isteri (alternative)
isteri (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Malay istri, isteri, from Classical Malay istri, isteri, from Sanskrit स्त्री (strī́).


peler

(slang, extremely vulgar) cock, dick, prick, schlong (the penis)


BH

bangunan hikmat
bangunan hikmat#Indonesian


biwa

From Japanese 琵琶湖 (biwa, “Lake Biwa”), referring to where the pearls are first cultured.

Cultured freshwater pearls
Cultured freshwater pearls

Cultured freshwater pearls, especially referring to the flat type of biwa pearls


amput

From Malay amput, from Classical Malay امڤوت (amput), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puət.


amput

snack of roasted soybean mixed with finely ground sugar


astenia

asténia (canonical)
astenia-astenia (plural)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀσθένεια (asthéneia), from ἀσθενής (asthenḗs, “sick, weak”), from ἀ- (a-, “not, un-”) + σθένος (sthénos, “strength”).

lbor

(pathology) asthenia, weakness: loss of strength


malas

From Malay malas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma- (“affix forming adjectives and stative verbs”) + below
* from Prakrit [Term?] (compare to Hindi अलस (alas, “lazy, lethargic”)), from Sanskrit अलस (alasa).
* probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *las (“lazy, idle”).


aritmetika

Borrowed from Dutch aritmetica, from Old French arismetique, from Latin arithmetica, from Ancient Greek ἀριθμητική (τέχνη) (arithmētikḗ (tékhnē), “(art of) counting”), feminine of ἀριθμητικός (arithmētikós, “arithmetical”), from ἀριθμός (arithmós, “number, counting”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ri-dʰh₁-mó-s, form of *h₂rey- (“to count, reason”).

ἀριθμητική (τέχνη)

aritmatika (alternative nonstandard)
aritmetik (alternative)


bardi

Cyperus papyrus
Cyperus papyrus#Translingual


segar

Inherited from Malay سݢر (segar), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *se(ŋ)ger (“feel fit, healthy”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">segar</i>


merdeka

From Malay merdeka, from Classical Malay مرديكا (mĕrdeka), from Sanskrit महर्द्धिक (maharddhika, “prosperous”). Cognate of Javanese ꦩꦂꦢꦶꦏ (mardika), Buginese ᨆᨑᨙᨉᨀ (maradeka), Tagalog maharlika. Doublet of mahardika.

der

Indonesia sudah dinyatakan merdeka sejak 17 Agustus 1945.

Indonesia has been declared to be independent since 17 August 1945.

(politics) free from colonialism, annexation, military occupation, etc.; liberated; independent

(rare) free from an obligation, especially a prison sentence

(rare) self-sufficient; independent; not dependent on others


tempo doeloe

id-noun

tempo doeloe (plural tempo-tempo doeloe)

Superseded spelling of tempo dulu (“time of old, olden days”). (pre-1947)


Sarekat Islam

Literally, “Islamic trade organization”.

a non-religious (despite its name) organization founded in 1912


Republik Maluku Selatan

the Republic of South Maluku, the South Moluccas (RMS)


TU

Initialism of tata usaha (“administration”).


apakah

Aku tidak tahu apakah suratku sudah sampai.

I don't know whether (or not) my letter has arrived.


aduh

From Malay aduh, from Proto-Malayic *aduh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aduq.

adoeh (alternative)
duh (alternative)
waduh (alternative)

ouch (expression of pain, discomfort or shock)


ketjap

(1901–1947, 1947–1972) Superseded spelling of kecap.


perhiasan

Inherited from Malay perhiasan. Equivalent to hias + per- -an.


lilin

From Malay lilin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lilin.


kecoak

kêcoak (canonical)
kecoak-kecoak (plural)
kacoa (alternative)
kecoa (alternative)
kacoak (alternative)
kecuak (alternative)

From Betawi kecoak, from Hokkien 虼蚻 (ka-choa̍h, ka-chōa, “cockroach”). Cognate of Thai กะจั๊ว (gà-júua, “cockroach”).


kacoa

Alternative spelling of kecoak (“cockroach”)


sisir

Inherited from Malay sisir. Cognate to Sundanese sisir.


sisir

head

sisir (actice menyisir, passive disisir)


sisir

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese sisir (“side”).


adopsi

adopsi-adopsi (plural)
adoptie (alternative)

From Dutch adoptie, from Middle French adoption, from Latin adoptiō.

acceptance: the choosing and making that to be one's own which originally was not so

the state of being adopted; the acceptance of a child of other parents as if he or she were one's own child


administrasi

desc

ادمينيستراسي

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">administrasi</i>

→ Malay: ادمينيستراسي (administrasi)

From Dutch administratie (“administration”), from Middle Dutch administracie, from Old French administration, from Latin administratio.

Berkaitan dengan masalah dalam reformasi administrasi, Indonesia juga mengalami hal yang sama.

2007, Lalu Misbah Hidayat, Reformasi administrasi: kajian komparatif pemerintahan tiga presiden : Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, Abdurrahman Wahid, Megawati Soekarnoputri, Gramedia Pustaka Utama, →ISBN, page 15:

Regarding the issues within administation reforms, Indonesia too experiences the same issues.


ajudan

From Malay ajudan, from Dutch adjudant, from French adjudant.


aksi

→ Malay: aksi

Borrowed from Dutch actie (compare Afrikaans aksie), from Latin āctiō.

something done, often so as to accomplish a purpose

a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings)


aktif

teraktif (superlative)
aktif (root)
mengaktifkan (active)
teraktifkan (passive)
diaktifkan (passive)
aktifkan
aktifkanlah
memperaktif (active causative)
diperaktif (causative passive)
aktip (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch aktief, from Old French actif, from Latin activus. Doublet of aktiva.

Mereka aktif di eskul mereka.

They are active in their extracurricular.

requiring or implying action or exertion

active:
implying or producing rapid action


ambach

(obsolete) Alternative spelling of ambah (“handicraft”)


amendemen

amèndêmèn (canonical)
amendemen-amendemen (plural)
amandemen (alternative nonstandard)

From Dutch amendement, from French amendement, from Middle French amendement, from Old French [Term?].

(law) an addition to and/or alteration to the Constitution


amnesti

amnèsti (canonical)
amnesti-amnesti (plural)

From Dutch amnestie, from Middle French amnestie, from Latin amnēstia, from Ancient Greek ἀμνηστία (amnēstía).


amtenar

amtênar (canonical)
amtenar-amtenar (plural)
ambtenaar (alternative)

From Premodern Malay amtenar, from Dutch ambtenaar.


andil

From Dutch aandeel (“contribution, stock”, literally “on part”), from Middle Dutch andeel.


aneksasi

anèksasi (canonical)
aneksasi-aneksasi (plural)

From Dutch annexatie, from English annexation, from Latin annexātiō.


anemer

anémêr (canonical)
anemer-anemer (plural)

(now rare) building or construction contractor


anorganis

inorganic (relating to a compound that does not contain carbon)


arloji

Borrowed from Dutch horloge, from Middle Dutch orlogie, from Latin hōrologium.


asuransi

asuransi-asuransi (plural)
assurantie (alternative)

→ Malay: asuransi

Borrowed from Dutch assurantie, from Middle Dutch asseurancie, from Old French asseurance.

(insurance) a means of indemnity against a future occurrence of an uncertain event

insurance:
the business of providing insurance

(Standard Malay)

(colloquial) premium, the amount to be paid for an insurance policy

(colloquial) indemnity, the repayment or compensation for loss or injury


Yunani

From Malay Yunani, from Classical Malay يوناني (Yunani), from Arabic اليُونَان (al-yūnān, “Greece”), from Persian یونان (yunân), from Ancient Greek Ἰωνία (Iōnía, “Ionia”).

the language of the Greek people, spoken in Greece, Cyprus and other Greek communities

the writing system used in writing the Greek language

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


bagase

From English bagasse, from French bagasse, from Spanish bagazo, from baga (“berry”).


bandel

From Javanese ꦧꦤ꧀ꦢꦼꦭ꧀, ꦧꦤ꧀ꦝꦼꦭ꧀ (bandel, bandhel, “obstinate, stubborn; undisciplined, disobedient; brave”), probably from Old Javanese waṅhĕl (“braced up, obstinate”), waṅal.

ꦧꦤ꧀ꦢꦼꦭ꧀, ꦧꦤ꧀ꦝꦼꦭ꧀

der

(chiefly Jakarta) durable (of automobile or motorcycle engine)

(of poultry) not easily get sick, resistant to diseases


bandel

bandêl (canonical)
bandel-bandel (plural)

nonstandard spelling of bundel (“bundle”).


bangku

From Malay bangku, from Classical Malay بڠکو (bangku), a borrowing from Portuguese banco, from Italian banco, from Old High German bank, from Proto-Germanic *bankiz. Doublet of bank.


baterai

batêrai (canonical)
baterai-baterai (plural)
bateri (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Dutch batterij, from Middle French batterie, from Old French baterie. The "flashlight" sense is a semantic loan from Betawi bateré.

battery: a device used to power electric devices


baterai

batêrai (canonical)
baterai-baterai (plural)

battery:
(military) tactical artillery unit

a set of small cages where hens are kept for the purpose of farming their eggs


bengkel

bèngkèl (canonical)
bengkel-bengkel (plural)

From Dutch winkel, from Middle Dutch winkel (“corner”), from Old Dutch winkel, from Proto-West Germanic *winkil, from Proto-Indo-European *weng- (“to bend, bow, arch, curve”).


berlian

bêrlian (canonical)
berlian-berlian (plural)

Inherited from Malay berlian, from English brilliant, from French brillant (late 17th century), present participle of the verb briller, from Italian brillare, possibly from Latin berillus, beryllus (“a beryl, gem, eyeglass”), from Ancient Greek βήρυλλος (bḗrullos, “beryl”). Doublet of brilian.

a glimmering glass-like mineral that is an allotrope of carbon in which each atom is surrounded by four others in the form of a tetrahedron; a gemstone made from this mineral

(in extension, card games) diamond: a card of the diamonds suit

diamond:
diamond: a card of the diamonds suit


soto

From ellipsis of Hokkien 牛草肚 (gû-chháu-tō͘, “beef tripe; rumen”). Compare Tagalog goto.

bor

(cooking) a kind of soup, whose taste depends on the ingredients of the whole dish


bigami

From Dutch bigamie, from French bigamie.


doa

From Malay doa, from Classical Malay doa (“prayer”), from Arabic دُعَاء (duʕāʔ, “invocation, supplication”).


bioskop

From Dutch bioscoop (“cinema”), from French bioscope and/or German Bioscop (now spelt Bioskop).


biskop

Borrowed from Dutch bisschop (“bishop”), from Middle Dutch bischop, from Old Dutch biskop, from Latin episcopus, from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos). Doublet of uskup.

(Christianity, Catholicism, informal) bishop


bistik

bistik-bistik (plural)
bistek (alternative)
bestik (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch biefstuk, from English beefsteak. Compare Tagalog bistek.


blokade

blokadê (canonical)
blokade-blokade (plural)


biosak

rucksack, pouch on a stick carried over the shoulder


bordir

From Dutch borduur, from Middle Dutch bordure, from Old French bordure.


cokelat

cokêlat (canonical)
cokelat-cokelat (plural)
soklat (alternative)
coklat (alternative Indonesia)
chocolade (alternative)
coklat (alternative)

From dialectal Dutch (Standard Dutch chocolade, archaic form chocolaad), from Spanish chocolate, ultimately of Nahuatl origin (compare Malay coklat). The current pronunciation is influenced by English chocolate (see Malay coklat), or the second -o- of chocolade is dropped.

sebatang cokelat

(countable) chocolate (food made from ground roasted cocoa beans)

cokelat:

rambut berwarna cokelat


delegasi

délêgasi (canonical)
delegasi-delegasi (plural)

From Dutch delegatie, from French délégation, from Latin delegatio, delegationis, delego.

a group of delegates used to discuss issues with an opponent

(management, trading) an act of delegating


departemen

dêpartêmèn (canonical)
departemen-departemen (plural)

→ Tetum: departemén

From Dutch departement, from French département, from Old French département. During Japanese occupation period, the term was used as translation of Japanese 部(ぶ) (bu, “department”).

(government) one of the principal divisions of executive government

(education) one of the divisions of instructions in a university

(government) bureau (in state affairs) an administrative unit of government

(Standard Malay)

(education) school: within a larger educational institution, an organizational unit, such as a department or institute, which is dedicated to a specific subject area


distrik

From Dutch district, from Middle Dutch district, from Middle French district, from Medieval Latin districtus (“a district within which the lord may distrain, also jurisdiction”), from Latin districtus, past participle of distringō, distringere (“draw asunder, compel, distrain”), from dis- (“apart”) + stringō, stringere (“draw tight, strain”).

district: an administrative division of an area

(Papuan) a third level administrative division (previously Dutch onderdistrict (“subdistrict”), in Dutch East Indies period) in Papua and West Papua only

(Dutch East Indies, historical) a native level administrative division in Java, below Dutch regentschap (“regency”) or Indonesian kabupaten and above Dutch onderdistrict (“subdistrict”) or Indonesian kecamatan, headed by a wedana


dobrak

imitative sound of collapsed fences, door, etc


elastis

elastic: capable of stretching; particularly, capable of stretching so as to return to an original shape or size when force is released


engsel

hinge (device for the pivoting of a door)


surah

From Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

(Islam) sura: any of the 114 chapters of the Qur'an


proklamasi

From Dutch proclamatie, from Latin proclamatio, from proclamare.


kewarganegaraan

Inherited from Malay kewarganegaraan. Equivalent to warga negara + ke- -an, replaced kewargaan negara.

kewarganegaraan ganda


pekerjaan

pêkêrjaan (canonical)
pekerjaan-pekerjaan (plural)

From Malay pekerjaan, from Classical Malay pekerjaan. Equivalent to kerja + per- -an, nominalization of bekerja.

labour, occupation, job: an economic role for which a person is paid

something produced using the specified material or tool


lereng

Inherited from Malay lereng (“slope”). Semantic loan from Javanese ꦭꦺꦫꦺꦁ (lèrèng) for the sense of diagonal stripe pattern.


berlibur

Kami akan berlibur ke Makassar.


sayang

From Malay sayang (“love; it were a pity; alas that”),
* from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sayaŋ (“too bad! it’s a pity! what a shame!”).
* from New/Middle Indo-Aryan (such as Punjabi [script needed] (sāīyā̃, “master”) and Nepali [script needed] (saiyā̃, “master”)), from Sanskrit स्वामी (svāmī), singular nominative of स्वामिन् (svāmín). Therefore, doublet of suami.

cog

love (a profound and caring affection towards someone)

an affectionate term of address: darling

a term of endearment used to refer to or address one's girlfriend, boyfriend or spouse: baby


sayang

Sayang sekali!

alas, what a pity, what a shame, what a waste


sayang

(predicative in a sentence only) waste, wasteful


ciumku

first-person singular possessive of cium


simit

Borrowed from Turkish simit, from Ottoman Turkish سمید (simit), from Persian سمید (semid, “semolina”), from Arabic سَمِيد (samīd, “semolina”), from Aramaic סְמִידָא / ܣܡܻܝܕܳܐ (səmīḏā), from Akkadian 𒆠𒅔𒆠𒅔𒄯𒄯 (/samīdu/, “a type of fine groats, coarse flour, semolina”), related to Akkadian 𒀀𒊏𒄯𒄯 (/samādu/, “to grind fine”).

der

Aramaic סְמִידָא

(cooking) simit: A ring-shaped bread roll covered with sesame seeds


deler

From Dutch edele (“noble”) + heer (“lord”).

(archaic) Used in direct address to member of Volksraad


anak laki-laki

From Malay anak laki-laki, from Classical Malay انق لاكي-لاكي (anak laki-laki), انق لاكي٢ (anak laki2). Equivalent to anak + laki-laki.

inh

انق لاكي-لاكي


vaksinasi

From Dutch vaccinatie, from French vaccination.


iba

From Malay hiba (“pity”), probably from Pali ibbha (“menial”).


jantung

jantung-jantung (plural)
djantoeng (alternative)
djantung (alternative)

From Malay jantung, from Classical Malay جنتوڠ (jantung), from Proto-Malayic *jantuŋ.


serangan jantung

id-noun

serangan jantung (plural serangan-serangan jantung)

Compound of serangan (“attack”) + jantung (“heart”), calque of Dutch hartaanval (“heart attack”).

calque

(cardiology, emergency medicine, pathology) heart attack


modul

Borrowed from Dutch moduul (“module”), from French module, from Latin modulus (“a small measure, a measure, mode, meter”), diminutive of modus (“measure”). Doublet of mode, modern, and modus.

der

module:
a standard or unit of measurement

the size of some one part taken as a unit of measure by which the proportions of an architectural composition are regulated

any in a series of standardized units for use together

a standardized, often interchangeable component of a system or construction that is designed for easy assembly or flexible use

a separable component, frequently one that is interchangeable with others, for assembly into units of differing size, complexity, or function

(computing, programming) a section of a program; a subroutine or group of subroutines

(education) a unit of education covering a single topic

(education) a unit of education or instruction with a relatively low student-to-teacher ratio, in which a single topic or a small section of a broad topic is studied for a given period of time

(architecture) a length used as a unit of measurement or as a standard for determining the proportions of a building

(electronics) a self-contained assembly of electronic components and circuitry, such as a stage in a computer, that is installed as a unit

(astronautics, space science) a self-contained unit of a spacecraft that performs a specific task or class of tasks in support of the major function of the craft

(mathematics) an algebraic system that resembles a vector space, except that the set of scalars forms a ring and not necessarily a field

(biology) a unit of modular growth, such as a coral polyp


bombas

From Dutch bombast, from English bombast.

bombast: high-sounding words; language above the dignity of the occasion; a pompous or ostentatious manner of writing or speaking


tetak

Inherited from Malay tetak, from Proto-Malayic *tətək, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təktək, from Proto-Austronesian *təktək (“chopping to pieces, cutting up”).


tetak

Semantic loan from Minangkabau tatok. Doublet of tetap.


meninggal

Affixation of tinggal (“to stay, live”) + meng-, literally “to stay one's own physical body in the world”,
inherited from Malay meninggal.


oranye

oranyê (canonical)
oranye-oranye (plural)
orén (alternative)

From Dutch oranje, from Middle Dutch arance, orange, from Old French orenge, arange, from Latin arancia, from Old Spanish naranja, from Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj), from Classical Persian نارنگ (nārang), from Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga), from Dravidian.


bintang

Inherited from Malay bintang, from Proto-Malayic *bintaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bituqən (compare Tagalog bituin), from Proto-Austronesian *bituqən. The "asterisk" sense is semantic loan from Dutch sterretje. The "star, celebrity, actor" sense is semantic loan from English star.

(astrology) star (a planet supposed to influence one's destiny)

star; a star-shaped ornament worn on the breast to indicate rank or honour


kuartal

From Dutch kwartaal (“quarter”), from Medieval Latin quārtāle.

quarter, trimester: A fourth part of the year; 3 months (period of three months)


huruf

From Malay huruf, from Arabic حُرُوف (ḥurūf) plural of حَرْف (ḥarf).

Coordinate term: angka

(linguistics, typography) graph: A graphical unit on the token-level, the abstracted fundamental shape of a character or letter as distinct from its ductus (realization in a particular typeface or handwriting on the instance-level) and as distinct by a grapheme on the type-level by not fundamentally distinguishing meaning


neraka

nêraka (canonical)
neraka-neraka (plural)

From Malay neraka, from Sanskrit नरक (naraka).

in various religions, a place of torment where some or all evil spirits are believed to go after death

the place where sinners suffer after death

(figuratively) a place or situation of great suffering in life


fals

From Dutch vals (“false”), from Latin falsus (“counterfeit, false; falsehood”), perfect passive participle of fallō (“deceive”).


ayam kalkun

From ayam (“bird of the order Galliformes”) + kalkun (“turkey”).

compound

Pada kesempatan ini dipamerkan beberapa satwa antara lain ayam kalkun, ayam pelung, dan aneka jenis burung.

2017 December 4, Amelia Hapsari, “Puspa dan Satwa Jadi Modal Pembangunan [Flowers and Animals as Capital for Development]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2019-10-24:

On this occasion, several animals were exhibited including the turkey, the pelung chicken, and various other birds.

Berawal dari hobi memelihara ayam kalkun, Hendri tertarik membudidaya ayam hias.

2019 February 14, Supriyanto, “Meraup Keuntungan dari Hobi Budidaya Ayam Hias [Gaining Profit from Hobby of Cultivating Ornamental Chickens]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2019-10-24:

Starting from a hobby of raising turkeys, Hendri became attracted to the cultivation of ornamental chickens.

(informal) Synonym of kalkun (“turkey (bird)”)


odol

A genericized trademark of the German trademark Odol, from Ancient Greek ὀδών (odṓn) + Latin oleum.


kelam

Inherited from Malay kelam, from Proto-Austronesian *kelem (“dark, overcast, visually obscure”).


kelam

From English clamp, from Middle Dutch clamp, klampe (“a clamp, hook”), from Proto-Germanic *klampō (“clamp, clasp, cramp”). Doublet of klem.


biru

Inherited from Malay biru, from Proto-Malayic *biru, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)biʀaw.


biru

Inherited from Malay biru-biru, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *biʀu. Doublet of wiru.

folds on the edges of clothes, cloth, and so on as decoration


hijau

From Malay hijau, from Classical Malay hijau, from Proto-Malayic *hijaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)qizaw. The sense “inexperienced” is a semantic loan from Dutch groentje. The sense “environmentally friendly” is a semantic loan from English green.

environmentally friendly
environmentally friendly

(figurative) green; environmentally friendly


hijau

hijau-hijau (plural)
hidjau (alternative)


proporsi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch proportie, from Old French proportion, from Latin prōportiōnem.

a quantity of something that is part of the whole amount or number; the relation of one part to another or to the whole with respect to magnitude, quantity, or degree

(Standard Malay)

(mathematics) a statement of equality between two ratios


kuning

From Malay kuning, from Proto-Malayic *kunit (compare Malay kuning, Minangkabau kuniang), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)kunij (compare Acehnese kuneng, Javanese kuning, Madurese koneng, Sasak koning, Sundanese koneng, West Coast Bajau kuning).


pokok

From Malay pokok, from Classical Malay pokok.

base, essential, principal, basic, fundamental


pokok

primary (main; principal; placed ahead of others)


lengan

lêngan (canonical)
lengan-lengan (plural)

Inherited from Malay lengan, from Proto-Malayic *ləŋən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ləŋən (“forearm; lower arm”).

inh

Jangka sorong terdiri atas dua lengan, yaitu lengan utama dan lengan geser.

Vernier calipers consist of two arms, namely the main arm and the sliding arm.

arm (a similar part found in a sofa, etc.)

Coordinate term: kaki belakang

forelimb (the anterior limb (or equivalent appendage) of an animal)


timur

timur-timur (plural)
timoer (alternative)

From Malay timur, from Proto-Malayic *timur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timuʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *timuʀ.


ular

From Malay ular, from Proto-Malayic *ular, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hulaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *Sulaʀ.


tebal

Inherited from Malay tebal, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tebel (“thick, of objects; dense, of crowds”), Proto-Mon-Khmer *tɓəl, *ɓəl (“thick”). Cognate with Javanese tebel.

thick (relatively great in extent from one surface to another)


kental

From Malay kental, probably from Javanese ꦏꦼꦤ꧀ꦛꦼꦭ꧀ (kenthel), from Old Javanese kandĕl (“thick”).

Lebih kental susunannya, lebih pasti kediamannya dan lebih mendalam kepercayaannya, tetapi paling tiada dikenal didunia luar diantara 3 agama yang masuk ke Tiongkok itu, ialah agama Islam.

The more acquainted the arrangement it has, the more certain the residence it has, and the deeper the belief it has. Yet, the least known in the outside world among the three religions that entered China, is the religion Islam.


ayah

From Malay ayah (“father”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aya₂ (“father’s sister, father’s sister’s husband”), from Proto-Austronesian *aya₂.


dingin

From Malay dingin, from Classical Malay dingin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *diŋin.

(of a thing, literally) having a low temperature

(figurative) unfriendly, emotionally distant or unfeeling


kembang

kêmbang (canonical)
kembang-kembang (plural)

From Malay kembang, from Proto-Malayic *kəmbaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəmbaŋ (compare Sundanese kembang).

flower (reproductive structure in angiosperms)


kembang

kêmbang (canonical)
kembang (root)
mengembang (active nominative)
terkembang (nominative passive)
dikembang (nominative passive)
kembang (nominative)
kembanglah (nominative)
mengembangkan (active)
terkembangkan (passive)
dikembangkan (passive)
kembangkan
kembangkanlah
memperkembangkan (active causative nominative)
diperkembangkan (causative nominative passive)
perkembangkan (causative nominative)
perkembangkanlah (causative nominative)


tembaga

têmbaga (canonical)
tembaga-tembaga (plural)

Inherited from Malay tembaga, from Prakrit *𑀢𑀁𑀩𑀕 (*taṃbaga), from Sanskrit ताम्रक (tāmraka, “copper”).


limau

From Malay limau, from Proto-Malayic *limaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *limaw.


élan vital

Unadapted borrowing from French élan vital (“life force”, literally “vital impetus/force”).


republik

républik (canonical)
republik-republik (plural)
repoeblik (alternative)

From Malay republik, from Dutch republiek, from French république, from Latin rēspūblica or rēs pūblica.


barang

Inherited from Malay barang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baraŋ (“marker of indefiniteness”). The meaning 'things, goods, possessions' was a late innovation in western Indonesia.

inh

pengambilan barang


adu

adu (root)
mengadu (active nominative)
beradu (active nominative)
teradu (nominative passive)
diadu (nominative passive)
adu (nominative)
adulah (nominative)
mengadukan (active)
teradukan (passive)
diadukan (passive)
adukan
adukanlah
memperadukan (active causative nominative)
diperadukan (causative nominative passive)
peradukan (causative nominative)
adoe (alternative)

From Malay adu, from Classical Malay ادو (adu), from Old Malay hadu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *adu (“compete, confront in a contest”).


tidur

tidur (root)
tidur (active nominative)
tertidur (nominative passive)
tidur (nominative)
tidurlah (nominative)
meniduri (active)
tertiduri (passive)
ditiduri (passive)
tiduri
tidurilah
menidurkan (active)
tertidurkan (passive)
ditidurkan (passive)
tidurkan
tidurkanlah

Inherited from Malay tidur, from Proto-Malayic *tidur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuduʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *tuduʀ.

to rest in a state of reduced consciousness

(idiomatic, euphemistic) to have sexual intercourse

(figuratively, usually of an non-animate object) to lie down (to take on a horizontal position)

(figuratively, usually of a non-animate object) to be unactive (to be not active, temporarily or permanently)


tidur

(uncountable, physiology) the state of reduced consciousness during which a human or animal rests in a daily rhythm

(countable) an act or instance of sleeping

(uncountable, computing, electronics) a low power mode for electronic devices such as computers, televisions, and remote controlled devices

(uncountable, figurative) inactivity (of volcano)


libur

From Javanese ꦭꦶꦧꦸꦂ (libur),
* from dialectal Dutch lieber, liebre, from French libre.
* from Portuguese livre.


tembak

From Malay tembak, from Classical Malay tembak, from Proto-Malayic *timbak, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ti(m)bak.

(informal) to declare one's love, to confess one's feelings to someone

(figurative, colloquial) to get legal document without or skip legal procedure


basah

From Malay basah, from Proto-Malayic *basah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)basəq.

wet (covered with or impregnated with liquid)


angin

id-noun

angin (countable and uncountable, plural angin-angin)

Inherited from Malay angin, from Proto-Malayic *aŋin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haŋin.

Hari ini angin sangat kencang.

(figurative, chiefly obsolete) chance, opportunity, possibility

(figurative, chiefly obsolete) indication, sign


Petrus

Learned borrowing from Latin Petrus, from Ancient Greek Πέτρος (Pétros).

a male given name from Dutch [in turn from Latin], equivalent to English Peter


selimut

menyelimuti [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menyelimutkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


kambing

Inherited from Malay kambing, from Proto-Malayic *kambiŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kambiŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *kandiŋ.


burung hantu

burung hantu (plural burung-burung hantu)

Inherited from Malay burung hantu (“owl”). By surface analysis, burung (“bird”) + hantu (“ghost”). Compare Malagasy vorondolo (literally “ghost bird”).


kelinci

kêlinci (canonical)
kelinci-kelinci (plural)

→ Cia-Cia: kelinci, 껠린찌

→ Tausug: kulinsi'

From Malay kelinci, borrowed from Dutch konijntje, the diminutive of konijn. The form with /l/ was influenced by kuilu. Doublet of kuilu and terwelu.

rabbit, a mammal of the family Leporidae


opname

opnamê (canonical)
opname-opname (plural)

From Dutch opname, from opnemen based on German Aufnahme.

(healthcare) inpatient care: medical care of patients whose condition requires admission to a hospital

a recording, a record, something that has been recorded


iblis

(theology) an evil creature, the objectification of a hostile and destructive force

(folklore) a fictional image of a man, usually red or orange in skin color; with a set of horns on his head, a pointed goatee and a long tail and carrying a pitchfork; that represents evil and portrayed to children in an effort to discourage bad behavior

(figuratively) a wicked or naughty person, or one who harbors reckless, spirited energy, especially in a mischievous way;


bija

From Sanskrit बीज (bīja, “seed”). Doublet of biji and bijih.


namun

however (In spite of what preceded; yet)


gajah

gajah-gajah (plural)
gadjah (alternative)

From Malay gajah, from Classical Malay gajah, from Sanskrit गज (gaja).


Desember

Desembêr (canonical)
Disember (alternative)

From Dutch december, from Middle Dutch december, from Latin December.


elang

êlang (canonical)
elang-elang (plural)
helang (alternative)
lang (alternative)

From Malay elang ultimately from Austroasiatic either via Javanese elang from Old Javanese hĕlaṅ (“bird of prey”).

(zoology) eagle (Any of several large carnivorous birds in the family Accipitridae)

(zoology) buzzard or any large bird of prey


elang

élang (canonical)
elang-elang (plural)
lang (alternative)

From Sundanese [Term?]. Cognate of Javanese ꦭꦤꦁ (lanang, “male”).

the title for prince of Sultanate of Cirebon


sempoa

From Malay sempoa, from Hokkien 算盤 /算盘 (sǹg-pôaⁿ, “abacus”).


korsi

(nonstandard) Alternative spelling of kursi (“chair, seat”)


gaji

→ Ledo Kaili: gaji

From Malay gaji, from Dutch gage, from Middle French gage (Modern French gage), from Old French gage, guage, from Frankish *waddī.
* Displaced Dutch salaris (“salary”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

salary (fixed amount of money paid on monthly or annual basis)

(informal, proscribed) wage, an amount of money paid to a worker for a specified quantity of work, usually calculated on an hourly basis and expressed in an amount of money per hour


tuduh

Inherited from Malay tuduh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuzuq₂ (“to point out, instruct”), from Proto-Austronesian *Cuzuq (“index finger”).

inh

Belakangan ini ada penyakit baru: curiga mencurigai, tuduh menuduh, dan tangkap menangkap, culik menculik.

Lately there is a new disease: suspecting each other, accusing each other, arresting each other and kidnapping each other.

(transitive) to accuse (to attribute blame to someone)


dekat

From Malay dekat, from Proto-Malayic *dəkət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəkət, from Proto-Austronesian *dəkət.

Desanya dekat pantai.

Sudah dekat malam.

Mereka sabahat dekat.


diskret

From Dutch discreet, from Middle Dutch discreet, from Old French discret, from Medieval Latin discrētus, from discernō.

discrete; separate, distinct, independent, non-continuous


topologi

Borrowed from Dutch topologie (“topology”), from Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos, “place”)

bor+

(mathematics) the branch of mathematics dealing with those properties of a geometrical object (of arbitrary dimensionality) that are unchanged by continuous deformations (such as stretching, bending, etc., without tearing or gluing)

information technology
information technology

(computing, information technology) the arrangement of nodes in a communications network


universiteit

From Dutch universiteit (“university”), from Middle Dutch universiteit, from Old French universitei, from Medieval Latin ūniversitās. Cognate with German Universität.

(education, dated) Superseded spelling of universitas.


amorf

From Dutch amorf, from Latin amorphus, from Ancient Greek ἄμορφος (ámorphos).


autopsi

autopsi-autopsi (plural)
otopsi (alternative nonstandard)

Prefixed auto- + *opsi, from Dutch autopsie (“autopsy”), from New Latin autopsia, from Ancient Greek αὐτοψία (autopsía, “seeing with one's own eyes”).

der

autopsy (a dissection performed on a cadaver)


statistik

From Dutch statistiek, from German Statistik, from New Latin statisticum (“of the state”) and Italian statista (“statesman, politician”). German Statistik introduced by Gottfried Achenwall (1749).

statistic:
a single item in a statistical study

a quantity calculated from the data in a sample, which characterises an important aspect in the sample (such as mean or standard deviation)

statistics: a systematic collection of data on measurements or observations, often related to demographic information such as population counts, incomes, population counts at different ages, etc


tetangga

têtangga (canonical)
tetangga-tetangga (plural)

Reconstructed as reduplication of tangga, from Malay tetangga, from setangga.

Tetanggaku itu sering memutar lagu pada pagi hari.

My neighbor often plays songs in the morning.

neighbour (a person living on adjacent or nearby land)


geografi

géografi (canonical)
geografi-geografi (plural)

From Dutch geografie (“geography”), from Middle French géographie, from Latin geōgraphia, from Ancient Greek γεωγραφία (geōgraphía), from γῆ (gê, “earth”) + γράφω (gráphō, “write”).

geography (study of physical structure and inhabitants of the Earth)


baling

Inherited from Malay baling, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baliŋ.

stone tied to a rope that is thrown by twisting the rope


baling

fourfinger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum)


verval

Acronym of verifikasi dan validasi (“verification and validation”).


spontan

From Dutch spontaan, from German spontan, from Latin spontāneus.

self-generated; happening without any apparent external cause

done by one's own free choice, or without planning


putu

Inherited from Malay putu, from Tamil புட்டு (puṭṭu, “puttu”).

(cooking) kue putu: an Indonesian (kue) traditional cylindrical-shaped and green-colored steamed cake


siswa

id-noun

siswa (plural siswa-siswa or para siswa)

siswa-siswa (plural)
para siswa (plural)

From Malay siswa, from Sanskrit शिष्य (śiṣya).


mahasiswa

mahasiswi (feminine)
masiswa (alternative)

Inherited from Malay mahasiswa, from Sanskrit महाशिष्य (mahāśiṣya). By surface analysis, maha- (“large, great”) + siswa (“student”). Compare Chinese 大學生 /大学生 (dàxuéshēng, “university student”, literally “great student”).

ncog

(masculine or neuter) university student


Dominika

Ultimately from Latin Dominica (“Lord's Day [Island], Sunday [Island]”).

der

Dominica (an island and country in Caribbean)


altitudo

altitudo-altitudo (plural)
altitud (alternative)

(physics) the absolute height of a location, usually measured from sea level

(astronomy) the angular distance of a heavenly body above our Earth's horizon


kapten

kaptèn (canonical)
kapten-kapten (plural)

→ Min Nan: 甲丁 (kap-teng, “captain”)

From Dutch kapitein (“captain”), from Old French capitaine, from Late Latin capitāneus, from Latin caput (“head”). Cognate with Afrikaans kaptein.

(military) an army or air force officer whose rank is higher than that of a lieutenant but lower than that of a major

(military) a naval officer whose rank is higher than that of a commander but lower than that of a commodore

(aviation) the first officer or co-pilot of an aircraft

the person who administers the operation of a merchant ship or a passenger ship

the leader of a squad or a team in a game (of football, hockey, and others)

someone who has been given the power to lead an organization, group, and so on


kes

From English cash. Doublet of kas and kasa.

(colloquial) cash, money in the form of notes/bills and coins


algoritma

algoritma-algoritma (plural)
algoritme (alternative)

From Dutch algoritme, from Medieval Latin algorithmus, a by-form of algorismus introduced under the influence of Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós, “number”). A Latinization of Arabic الْخُوَارِزْمِيّ (al-ḵuwārizmiyy, “native of Khowarizm”), surname of the Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī.

der

الْخُوَارِزْمِيّ

precise logical computational procedure: A collection of ordered steps that solve a mathematical problem. A precise step-by-step plan for a computational procedure that possibly begins with an input value and yields an output value in a finite number of steps

(healthcare) a flowchart illustrating a decision-making process for human users, especially health care professionals

(social media, metonymic) recommender systems and the curation of feeds


familier

From Dutch familiair, from Latin familiāris.

(colloquial) familiar: intimate or friendly


berudu

a young toad or frog in its larval stage of development that lives in water, has a tail and no legs, and, like a fish, breathes through gills

(by extention) the aquatic larva of any amphibian

tadpole
the aquatic larva of any amphibian


artileri

artilêri (canonical)
artileri-artileri (plural)

From Dutch artillerie, from Middle Dutch artillerie, from Middle French artillerie, from Old French artillerie (“collection of military engines, crossbows, lances etc.”), from artillier (“to equip, provide with contraptions”), alteration of atiller (“to arrange, adjust, put on clothes or, especially, pieces of armour”) (influenced by art), itself from a Vulgar Latin *apticlāre < *apticulāre, from Latin aptāre (“to make capable”).

large projectile weapons, transportable and usually operated by more than one person; usually various types of cannon, but rocket artillery also exists

an army unit that uses such weapons, or a military formation using projectile weapons, such as archers


responsi

rèsponsi (canonical)
responsi-responsi (plural)

Affixed respons + -si, from Dutch responsie (“respond, answer”), from Latin responsio.

(biology) response: a reaction to a stimulus or provocation


kudeta

kudéta (canonical)
kudeta-kudeta (plural)

Ultimately from French coup d’État (literally “stroke (or blow) of state”).


bayang

Inherited from Malay bayang. Doublet of wayang.


autisme

Borrowed from Dutch autisme, from German Autismus.

(psychiatry, clinical psychology) autism


kaskade

From Dutch cascade, from French cascade, from Italian cascata, from cascare (“to fall”).

a waterfall or series of small waterfalls

a stream or sequence of a thing or things occurring as if falling like a cascade

(chemistry) a series of reactions in which the product of one becomes a reactant in the next


mentol

mèntol (canonical)
mentol-mentol (plural)

(organic chemistry) menthol: a cyclic monoterpene alcohol; the major component of the essential oil of peppermint; used in pharmaceutical preparations as an antitussive and antipruritic agent, as a nasal decongestant, and in menthol cigarettes


PMB

penerimaan mahasiswa baru
penerimaan mahasiswa baru#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of penerimaan mahasiswa baru.


vokal

From Dutch vocaal (“vowel”), from Latin vōcālis.
* Semantic loan from English vocal, except the sense “vowel”.


vokal

(figurative) outspoken, prone to use one's voice

vocal:
outspoken, prone to use one's voice


tulang

Inherited from Malay tulang, from Proto-Malayic *tulaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuqəlaŋ, *tuqəlan, from Proto-Austronesian *CuqəlaN.

(specifically) bone (fishbone, a bone of a fish)


gunung

gunung-gunung (plural)
goenoeng (alternative)

Inherited from Malay gunung. Compare to Brunei Malay gunung, Sundanese gunung, and Javanese gunung.


politikus

From Malay politikus, from Dutch politicus, from Latin polīticus, from Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós).
The derogatory sense is from rebracketing to poli- (“many”) + tikus (“rat”) or politik (“politics”) + tikus (“rat”).


wira

From Malay wira, from Sanskrit वीर (vīra).


pâté de foie gras

Unadapted borrowing from French pâté de foie gras.

ubor

pâté de foie gras
pâté de foie gras#English


ifrit

Inherited from Malay ifrit, from Classical Malay ifrit, from Arabic عِفْرِيت (ʕifrīt).


panji-panji

plural of panji (“pennon, flag, standard”)


regu

→ English: regu

From Malay regu.
* The military sense is a semantic loan from Dutch geweergroep.

(military) squad: a unit of tactical military personnel, or of police officers, usually of about ten members

(scouting) the smallest unit, consisting of penggalang


wana

From Javanese ꦮꦤ (wana), from Old Javanese wana, from Sanskrit वन (vana).

(literary, rare) Synonym of hutan (“forest”)


pedofilia

Borrowed from English pedophilia, from German Pädophilie, from Byzantine Greek παιδοφιλία (paidophilía, “love of children”).


soko

(agriculture, dialectal) pests on barangan bananas that cause blackened banana fruit and yellow leaves


akordeon

akordèon (canonical)
akordeon-akordeon (plural)
akordion (alternative)

From Dutch accordeon, from French accordéon, from German Akkordeon.


lakmus

From Dutch lakmoes, from Middle Dutch lecmoes.


racun

racun-racun (plural)
ratjoen (alternative)
ratjun (alternative)

poison (substance harmful to a living organism)

(chemistry) poison (any substance that inhibits catalytic activity)

impurity (a component or additive that renders something else impure)


racun

meracun (active)
diracun (passive)
ratjoen (alternative)
ratjun (alternative)


sugi

quid: a piece of material for chewing, especially chewing tobacco


maktab

From Malay maktab, from Arabic مَكْتَب (maktab).

(Islam, Hajj) an office, bureau, particularly ones providing preparatory services for Hajj pilgrimages


delik

From Dutch delict, from Latin delictum (“fault”).


numismatika

Learned borrowing from Latin numismatica.


aktivitet

From Dutch activiteit, from French activité, from Latin activitas.

superseded spelling of aktivitas (“activity”).


pornografi

From English pornography or Dutch pornografie, from French pornographie, from Ancient Greek πορνογράφος (pornográphos), from πορνεία (porneía, “fornication, prostitution”) + γράφω (gráphō, “I depict”).


energi

ènèrgi (canonical)
energi-energi (plural)

From Dutch energie, from Middle French énergie, from Late Latin energia, from Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (enérgeia, “action, act, work”), from ἐνεργός (energós, “active”), from ἐν (en, “in”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”).

(physics) energy: a quantity that denotes the ability to do work and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance²/time² (ML²/T²) or the equivalent


sarapan

Affixed sarap + -an, borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦫꦥꦤ꧀ (sarapan, “breakfast, lining”).


sarapan

desc

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">sarapan</i>

→ Malay: سارڤن (sarapan)


abrikos

Borrowed from Dutch abrikoos. Doublet of aprikot.

(archaic or rare) synonym of aprikot (“apricot”)


handschoen

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch handschoen, from Middle Dutch hantschoe.


butik

From Dutch boetiek, from French boutique, from Old Occitan botica, from Latin apothēca, from Ancient Greek ἀποθήκη (apothḗkē). Doublet of apotek.

boutique, shop, in particular a trendy upmarket one or one selling clothes or fashion items


Bengkulu

Bêngkulu (canonical)
Bengkoeloe (alternative)

Bengkulu (a city, the capital of Bengkulu province, Indonesia)


Yogyakarta

Jogjakarta (alternative)
Jogja (alternative)
Jokjakarta (alternative dated)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ (Ngayogyakarta), from Sanskrit अयोध्या (ayodhyā, “Ayodhya”, literally “unconquerable citadel”) + कृत (kṛta, “done, accomplished”).

compound

Special Region of Yogyakarta
Special Region of Yogyakarta#English

Yogyakarta (a city, the provincial capital of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia)

Yogyakarta (an autonomous region of Indonesia)


parasit

From Dutch parasiet, from Middle French parasite, from Latin parasitus, from Ancient Greek παράσιτος (parásitos, literally “person who eats at the table of another”).

der

(figurative) a person who lives on other people's efforts or expense and gives little or nothing back

(biology, parasitology, pathology) an organism that lives on or in another organism of a different species, deriving benefit from living on or in that other organism, while not contributing towards that other organism sufficiently to cover the cost to that other organism

showy mistletoes (Loranthaceae), a parasitic plant


kembar

From Malay kembar, ultimately from Austroasiatic (cf. Proto-Aslian *kəmbaar).

twin (either of two people who shared the same uterus, or of two similar or closely related objects)

copy: the result of copying; an identical duplicate of an original


afonia

Internationalism, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀφωνία (aphōnía).


SPM

(management, government) Initialism of standar pelayanan minimal (literally “minimum service standard”).


gelembung

gêlêmbung (canonical)
gelembung-gelembung (plural)
kelembung (alternative)


malaikat

id-noun

malaikat (plural malaikat-malaikat or para malaikat)

malaikat-malaikat (plural)
para malaikat (plural)
malaik (alternative)
malak (alternative)

From Malay malaikat, from Classical Malay ملائکة (malaikat), from Arabic مَلَائِكَة (malāʔika), the plural of مَلْأَك (malʔak).


halia

Inherited from Malay halia, from Proto-Malayic *halia, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laqia (“ginger”) by metathesis. Doublet of laos.


Atena

Learned borrowing from Latin Athēna (“Athena”), from Ancient Greek Ἀθηνᾶ (Athēnâ).

lbor

(Greek mythology) the goddess of wisdom, especially strategic warfare, the arts, and especially crafts, in particular, weaving; daughter of Zeus and Metis. Her Roman counterpart is Minerva

a city in Umatilla County, Oregon, United States

Athena:
a female given name from Ancient Greek

several other places in United States of America and Canada


avulsi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch avulsie (“avulsion”), from Latin avulsio.

bor+

(medicine, pathology, surgery) the loss or separation of a body part, either by surgery or due to trauma.


kait

(computing) hook (the part of a system's operation that can be intercepted to change or augment its behaviour)

(typography) serif (a short line added to the end of a stroke in traditional typefaces)


kait

to hurt or trap with a hook or something similar


kerajaan

kêrajaan (canonical)
kerajaan-kerajaan (plural)
keradjaan (alternative)

Affixed raja + ke- -an, from Malay kerajaan, from Classical Malay kerajaan (“royal, become king”).

inh

a realm having a king and/or queen as its actual or nominal sovereign

(Standard Malay)

(taxonomy) a rank in the classification of organisms, below domain and above phylum; a taxon at that rank

monarchy: a government in which sovereignty is embodied within a single, today usually hereditary head of state (whether as a figurehead or as a powerful ruler)


kerajaan

kêrajaan (canonical)
keradjaan (alternative)

royal: of or relating to a monarch or their family


kerajaan

Jika ia kerajaan, tiada akan sempurna negeri ini.

If he becomes a king, this nation will never be perfect.


raba

Mirat raba urut Chairil, raba dada
Dan tahulah dia kini

1949, Chairil Anwar, Mirat Muda, Chairil Muda:

The mirror massages Chairil, touches his chest
And now he knows


singgung

head

singgung (active menyinggung, passive disinggung)

menyinggung (active)
disinggung (passive)
singgoeng (alternative)
sigung (alternative obsolete)
sigoeng (alternative)

31 July 1948, Tan Malaka, Pandangan dan Langkah Partai Rakyat
Banyak pula hal yang berhubungan dengan persengketaan internasional itu yang tiada saya singgung.

There are also many things related to international disputes that I do not touch on.

to touch on (to mention briefly; to cursorily discuss)

(dated) to elbow (to push with the elbow)

(dated, except in geometrical contexts) to nudge, jostle or bump


bau

From Malay bau, from Classical Malay [script needed] (bau), from Old Malay [script needed] (vahu), from Proto-Malayic *bau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahu, *bahuq.


bau

From Javanese ꦧꦲꦸ (bahu). Cognate of Dutch bouw.

(historical) a unit of measure for area on Java, equivalent to about 0.7 hectare; a portion of agricultural land of this size


kubus

From Dutch kubus, from Latin cubus, from Ancient Greek κύβος (kúbos).


botol

From Malay botol, from English bottle, from Anglo-Norman, from Old French boteille, from *Vulgar Latin botticula.

bottle (container used for holding liquids)


kristal

From Dutch kristal, from Middle Dutch cristal, kerstal, from Old French cristal, from Latin crystallum, from Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos), from the Proto-Indo-European *krus-, *kru- (“hard, hard outer surface, crust”).


kristal

(figurative) clear, easily or distinctly heard; audible


adiposa

adiposa-adiposa (plural)
اديڤوس (adipos) (alternative)

Internationalism, learned borrowing from New Latin adipōsa, adipōsus (“fatty”).


abaya

Borrowed from Arabic عَبَايَة (ʕabāya), alternative form of عَبَاءَة (ʕabāʔa, “cloak”)..


bumerang

bumêrang (canonical)
bumerang-bumerang (plural)

From English boomerang, from Dharug bumariny.

(figurative) occurrence of backfire (failure)


calon

Inherited from Malay calon, of unknown origin.


istana

istana-istana (plural)
astana (alternative)

From Malay istana, from Classical Malay ايستان (istana), from Sanskrit आस्थान (āsthāna). Doublet of astana.

(if crenellated)


aritmia

Learned borrowing from New Latin arrhythmia, from Ancient Greek ἀρρυθμία (arrhuthmía).


tabel

From Dutch tabel, from German Tabelle, from Latin tabella, diminutive of tabula (“tablet, board, plank, chart”). Doublet of tablet.


jari telunjuk

id-noun

jari telunjuk (plural jari-jari telunjuk)

(anatomy) forefinger (first finger next to the thumb)


flensa

flènsa (canonical)
flensa-flensa (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch flens, from English flange.

an external or internal rib or rim, used either to add strength or to hold something in place

the projecting edge of a rigid or semi-rigid component


matikan

head

matikan (active mematikan, passive dimatikan)


musikan

(colloquial) Synonym of bermusik (“to play or listen to a music”)


seniman

From seni (“art”) + -wan (“-man”), literally “art-man”. Coined by Indonesian politician Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro.


parabel

From Dutch parabel, from Middle French [Term?], from Old French parable, parabole, from Late Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ, “comparison”). Doublet of parabola.

der

(literature) parable, a short narrative illustrating a lesson (usually religious/moral) by comparison or analogy


atavisme

atavismê (canonical)
atavisme-atavisme (plural)

Affixed *atavus + -isme, borrowed from Dutch atavisme, from French atavisme, from Latin atavus (“ancestor”).


kateter

From Dutch katheter, from Latin catheter, from Ancient Greek καθετήρ (kathetḗr).


mesin

Borrowed from Dutch machine, from French machine, from Middle French machine, from Latin māchina, from Doric Greek μᾱχανᾱ́ (mākhanā́). Not inherited from Malay mesin, which is from English machine.


protoplasma

Borrowed from Dutch protoplasma (“protoplasm”), from German Protoplasma, coined by Czech physiologist Jan Evangelista Purkyně, from Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”) + πλάσμα (plásma, “something molded”).

coin

(cytology) protoplasm: the entire contents of a cell comprising the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is a semi-fluid, transparent substance which is the living matter of plant and animal cells


borok

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (borok), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buduk (“sores on the scalp; 'cradle cap'”).


arsenik

arsènik (canonical)
arsenik-arsenik (plural)
arsèn (alternative)

From Malay arsenik, from English arsenic, from Middle English arsenik, from Middle French arsenic, from Latin arsenicum, from Ancient Greek ἀρσενικόν (arsenikón) (influenced by ἀρσενικός (arsenikós)), from Semitic, from Middle Persian [script needed] (zarnīk), from Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬀 (zaraniia, “gold”), from 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬌 (zari), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃i.


basemen

basêmèn (canonical)
basemen-basemen (plural)
basmen (alternative rare)
besmen (alternative)

From Dutch basement, from Italian basamento, Spanish basamento.

basement: a floor of a building below ground level


WTS

wanita tunasusila
wanita tunasusila#Indonesian

Initialism of wanita tunasusila (“prostitute”, literally “lewd woman”).


bendi

From Malay bendi. Probably from Tamil பண்டி (paṇṭi, “carriage, cart, wagon, chaise”).

(transport, obsolete) gig, chair, chaise: a two-wheeled horse-drawn carriage


sekte

sèktê (canonical)
sekte-sekte (plural)
sekta (alternative)

From Dutch sekte, from Old French secte (“a sect in philosophy or religion”), from Late Latin secta (“a sect in philosophy or religion, a school, party, faction, class, gild, band, particularly a heretical doctrine or sect, etc.”), possibly, from Latin sequi (“to follow”).

(religion) sect (split-off religious or philosophical group)


kalk

From Dutch kalk, from Middle Dutch calc, from Old Dutch *kalk, from Latin calx.


ramping

Inherited from Malay رمڤيڠ (ramping, “small”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">ramping</i>


bankes

short for bantuan kesehatan (“health support”).


agas

From Malay agas, from Classical Malay اڬس (agas), from Proto-Malayic *agas.

sandfly (fly of Lutzomyia or Phlebotomus)


namai

(transitive) to name (to give a name to)


futurologi

Internationalism (see English futurologist). Contains the suffix -logi.

futurology, the scientific forecasting of future trends in science, technology or society


bruder

brudêr (canonical)
broeder (alternative)

From Dutch broeder, from Middle Dutch broeder, from Old Dutch bruother, from Proto-Germanic *brōþēr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr. Doublet of frater.


obat penenang

id-noun

obat pênênang (plural obat-obat penenang)

obat pênênang (canonical)
obat-obat penenang (plural)

Compound of obat (“drug, medicine”) + penenang (“calmer, that which calms down”).


sara

desc

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">sara</i>

→ Malay: سارا (sara, “pension”) (semantic loan)

Inherited from Malay سارا (sara, “means of support; provisions”), from Sanskrit सार (sāra, “energy, extract, essence, substance”). Doublet of sari.

der

(dated) pension: an annuity paid regularly as benefit due to a retired employee, serviceman etc. in consideration of past services, originally and chiefly by a government but also by various private pension schemes


keris

Inherited from Malay keris, from Javanese ꦏꦼꦫꦶꦱ꧀ (keris), from Old Javanese kĕris, kris.

kris, keris: sheathed sharp-blade weapon (blades are generally wavy-edged, but there are also straight-edged). This weapon can be both a dagger and sword


moci

mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice)


mimpi buruk

From mimpi (“dream”) + buruk (“bad”), literally “bad dream”.


kartel

From Dutch kartel (“cartel”), from German Kartell, from French cartel, from Italian cartello, diminutive of carta, from Latin carta, charta, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “papyrus, paper”). Doublet of kardus, karton, kartu, katrij, and kertas.

doublet

(economics) group of businesses or nations that collude to fix prices

(politics) combination of political groups (notably parties) for common action

cartel:
(law) alliance of at least two parties

cartel:
alliance of at least two parties


animater

Borrowed from English animateur, from French animateur (“presenter; leader; group leader”).

der

(tourism) animateur: one who promotes particular activity, especially one of a cultural or artistic nature


hors d'oeuvres

Unadapted borrowing from English hors d'oeuvres, plural form of hors d'oeuvre, from French hors-d’œuvre.

ubor

(cooking) appetizer, starter, hors d'oeuvre (small, light, and usually savory first course in a meal)


paru

(medicine) Alternative spelling of paru-paru (“lung”)


magisterium

Learned borrowing from Latin magisterium.


recitativo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian recitativo.


tuas

From Malay tuas, from Proto-Aslian *tuəs (“to pull out”), from East Austroasiatic.

(mechanics) lever, a rigid piece which is capable of turning about one point, or axis (the fulcrum), and in which are two or more other points where forces are applied; — used for transmitting and modifying force and motion


tapai

tapai-tapai (plural)
tape (alternative colloquial)

From Malay tapai, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tapay (“fermented [food]”), from Proto-Austronesian *tapaJ (“fermented [food]”).

inh

(cooking) tapai: a traditional Asian food made from fermented carbohydrate, such as rice or cassava


tapera

(finance, real estate) Acronym of tabungan perumahan rakyat (“public housing savings”).


lelaki

From Malay laki-laki, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (compare Madurese lalake, Tagalog lalaki); Partial reduplication of laki.


negara

nêgara (canonical)
negara-negara (plural)

→ English: negara

From Malay negara, borrowed from Sanskrit नगर (nagara, “city”). Doublet of nagari and negeri.
* Displaced Dutch staat (“state (political entity)”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.


dunia

dunia-dunia (plural)
doenia (alternative)

From Malay dunia, from Arabic دُنْيَا (dunyā).


koo

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 公(こう) (kō, “duke”). Romanised according modified Kunrei-shiki romanization.


tomat

Borrowed from Dutch tomaat, from English tomato and subsequently influenced by French tomate, both from Spanish tomate, from Classical Nahuatl tomatl (“tomatillo”).


katalog

From Dutch cataloog (Netherland standard catalogus), from Late Latin catalogus, itself from Ancient Greek κατάλογος (katálogos, “an enrollment, a register, a list, catalogue”).

der

a systematic list of names, books, pictures etc.

a complete (usually alphabetical) list of items


sejuk

sêjuk (canonical)
tersejuk (superlative)

From Malay sejuk, from Proto-Malayic *sAjuk, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *sjuuh, *sjuu (“damp, wet”).


astronot

id-noun

astronot (plural astronot-astronot or para astronot)

astronot-astronot (plural)
para astronot (plural)

(colloquial) Alternative form of astronaut


arbei

From Dutch aardbei (“strawberry”, literally “earthberry”), from Middle Dutch erdbere, from Old Dutch *erdberi, from Proto-West Germanic *erþubaʀi, from Proto-Germanic *erþōbazją. Cognate of Afrikaans aarbei. Mostly replaced by stroberi.

bor

the sweet, usually red, edible fruit of certain plants of the genus Fragaria

(dated) strawberry;
the plant of this fruit


buah arbei

head

buah arbei (plural buah-buah arbei, first-person possessive buah arbeiku, second-person possessive buah arbeimu, third-person possessive buah arbeinya)

buah-buah arbei (plural)
buah arbeiku (first-person possessive)
buah arbeimu (possessive second-person)
buah arbeinya (possessive third-person)


mengemis

From Javanese ngemis, from Kemis, from Arabic الخَمِيس (al-ḵamīs). Related to Kamis (“Thursday”), as begging was purportedly done on Thursdays.

(figurative) to implore, begging by lowering oneself and with full expectation


beruang

Inherited from Malay beruang, from Proto-Malayic *bAruaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀuaŋ. Doublet of barong.

bear (a large, generally omnivorous mammal (a few species are purely carnivorous or herbivorous), related to the dog and raccoon, having shaggy hair, a very small tail, and flat feet; a member of the family Ursidae)


beruang

Affixation of ruang (“room”) + ber- (“to have; -ed, -d”).


beruang

Affixation of uang (“money”) + ber- (“to have; -ed, -d”).

hilang rona karena penyakit, hilang bangsa tidak beruang

(uncommon) rich (having a lot of money and possessions)


sembunyi

sembunyi (root)
bersembunyi (active nominative)
tersembunyi (nominative passive)
sembunyi (nominative)
sembunyilah (nominative)
menyembunyikan (active)
tersembunyikan (passive)
disembunyikan (passive)
sembunyikan
sembunyikanlah


domba

→ Cia-Cia: domba

From Malay domba, from Persian دنبه (donba, “sheep's tail”), دم (dom, “tail”), from Middle Persian dwm(b') (/dum(b)/), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dewmbʰ- (“penis, tail, rod”).

der

sheep,
a woolly ruminant of the genus Ovis

(Christianity) a religious adherent, a member of a congregation or religious community


biri-biri

From Malay biri-biri. See there for further etymology.

(chiefly chiefly dialectal or literary) Synonym of domba (“sheep”)


gunting

From Malay gunting, ultimately likely a loan from some non-Austronesian source, such as Chinese [Term?], according to Blust (2010-2020).


zalim

From Malay zalim, lalim, from Classical Malay ظاليم (zalim), from Arabic ظَالِم (ẓālim).


usada

From Javanese ꦲꦸꦱꦢ (usada), from Old Javanese osadha, from Pali osadha (“medicine”), from Sanskrit औषध (auṣadha, “drug, medicine”).


usada

From Balinese ᬉᬱᬥ (usada, “traditional medicinal knowledge, medicine”), from Sanskrit औषध (auṣadha, “drug”).

bor

traditional medicine, especially Balinese traditional medicine


ratai

(possibly) nonstandard/misspelled form of ratap


monarki

From Dutch monarchie, from Middle Dutch monarchie, from Old French monarchie, from Latin monarchia, from Ancient Greek μοναρχίᾱ (monarkhíā).


visera

viséra (canonical)
visera-visera (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin viscera, the plural of viscus.

(anatomy) viscus, viscera: the internal organ(s) of the body, especially those contained within the abdominal and thoracic cavities, such as the liver, heart, or stomach


prodeo

From Latin prodeo, from pro (“for the sake of”) + deo (“god, deity”).


pranala

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese praṇāla, from Sanskrit प्रणाल (praṇāla, “watercourse, channel”). Coined by Indonesian Revo Arka Giri Soekatno in 2004.


kekacauan

chaos (any state of disorder; a confused or amorphous mixture or conglomeration)


aktris

aktris-aktris (plural)
aktrés (alternative)


fungsi

fungsi-fungsi (plural)
funksi (alternative obsolete)

From Malay fungsi, from Dutch functie, from French fonction, from Middle French function, ultimately from Latin functiō.

memfungsikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

function:
what something does or is used for

function:
a professional or official position

(biology) the physiological activity of an organ or body part

(mathematics) a relation in which each element of the domain is associated with exactly one element of the codomain

(linguistics) a way of achieving an aim using language


rames

Borrowed from Javanese ꦫꦩꦼꦱ꧀ (rames, “mixed rice”), from Old Javanese ramĕs, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀaməs (“squeeze, knead, to mix with the hands”). Doublet of remas.


diskotek

diskoték (canonical)
diskotek-diskotek (plural)
diskotik (alternative nonstandard)

From Dutch discotheek, from French discothèque.


amandel

amandêl (canonical)
amandel-amandel (plural)

From Dutch amandel, from Middle Dutch amandel.


banjir

Inherited from Malay banjir, from Javanese ꦧꦚ꧀ꦗꦶꦂ (banjir). From Sanskrit [Term?].


jamur

jamur-jamur (plural)
djamoer (alternative)
djamur (alternative)


prei

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦿꦺꦲꦶ (prèi), from Dutch vrij (“free”).

(colloquial) holiday, free, doing nothing


prei

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch prei (“leek”).


candu

candu-candu (plural)
tjandoe (alternative)

From Malay candu, from Hindi चंडू (caṇḍū), from Tamil சாந்து (cāntu, “mortar, plaster; powder”).

der

opium: a yellow-brown, addictive narcotic drug obtained from the dried juice of unripe pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, and containing alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, and papaverine

Papaver somniferum
Papaver somniferum#Translingual

opium poppy: Papaver somniferum, the species of plant from which opium and poppy seeds are extracted

tar: a black, oily, sticky, viscous substance, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons derived from organic materials residual byproduct of tobacco smoke


cerna

From Malay cerna, possibly from Sanskrit जीर्ण (jīrṇa, “digest”).


cerna

head

cêrna (active mencerna, passive dicerna)

cêrna (canonical)
mencerna (active)
dicerna (passive)

to separate (the food) in its passage through the alimentary canal into the nutritive and nonnutritive elements; to prepare, by the action of the digestive juices, for conversion into blood; to convert into chyme

to think over and arrange methodically in the mind; to reduce to a plan or method; to receive in the mind and consider carefully; to get an understanding of; to comprehend


soja

From Pre-modern Malay soja, from Cantonese 作揖 (zok³ jap¹, “to bow”).


raker

(management) Acronym of rapat kerja (“work meeting”).


dokter gigi

dokter-dokter gigi (plural)
doktor gigi (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

Compound of dokter (“physician”) + gigi (“tooth”), calque of Dutch tandarts (“dentist”, literally “tooth doctor”).


beruang kutub

Compound of beruang (“bear”) + kutub (“pole”), calque of English polar bear.

com+

Ursus maritimus
Ursus maritimus#Translingual


doktrin

From Dutch doctrine, from Latin doctrina (“teaching, instruction, learning, knowledge”), from doctor (“a teacher”), from docere (“to teach”).

der

a belief or tenet, especially about philosophical or theological matters

the body of teachings of an ideology, most often a religion, or of an ideological or religious leader, organization, group or text