peran

Inherited from Malay ڤرن (peran, “roof-loft”). Semantic loan from Malay [Term?] (Riau dialect) for the snare sense.

rooftree, tie beam: beam connecting the posts of the house above, on which the rafters rest

the snare part consists of a small piece of wood tied to the snare rope and then slipped into the snare hook


tembikai

têmbikai (canonical)
tembikai-tembikai (plural)

From Malay tembikai, metathesis of mendikai, borrowed from Tamil கொம்மட்டிக்காய் (kommaṭṭikkāy), related to கொம்மட்டி (kommaṭṭi). Mostly replaced by semangka.

bor

கொம்மட்டிக்காய்

Tamil கொம்மட்டிக்காய் (kommaṭṭikkāy)


gaung

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="id">gaung</i>

a reflected sound that is heard again by its initial observer

an utterance repeating what has just been said

(computing) the displaying on the command line of the command that has just been executed


putus asa

(intransitive) to be hopeless, to despair


parasitologi

Borrowed from Dutch parasitologie, from French parasitologie.


toksikologi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch toxicologie (compare Afrikaans toksikologie), from French toxicologie.

toxicology: The branch of pharmacology that deals with the nature, effect, detection and treatment of poisons and poisoning


salah paham

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *mey-?
Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂-der.
Proto-Germanic *missaz
Proto-Germanic *missa-
Old Dutch mis-
Middle Dutch mis-
Dutch mis-
Middle Dutch ver-
Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-?
Proto-Germanic *stāną
Proto-West Germanic *stān
Old Dutch stān
Middle Dutch stâen
Middle Dutch verstaen
Dutch verstaan
Dutch misverstaancalq.
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq
Proto-Malayic *salah
Malay salah
Indonesian salah
Arabic فَهْم (fahm)bor.
Malay faham
Indonesian paham
Indonesian salah paham
From salah (“wrong”) + paham (“understand”).


bersalah

From Malay bersalah, from Classical Malay bersalah. Equivalent to
From ber- + salah.


bersalahan

(intransitive) to be different from one another, to contradict each other

(intransitive) to disagree, to be in discord

(intransitive, figurative) to be unwell, unhealthy


mempersalah

From memper- + salah. Attested before 1921.


supervisi

Borrowed from Dutch supervisie, from Latin supervisiō.


lintasan

(Standard Malay)

(biochemistry) a sequence of biochemical compounds, and the reactions linking them, that describe a process in metabolism or catabolism


demosi

Borrowed from Dutch demotie (“demotion”), from English demotion.


ketika

From Malay ketika, from Sanskrit घटिक (ghaṭika, “a period of time”).


bercinta

Inherited from Malay bercinta,
from Classical Malay bercinta. Equivalent to ber- + cinta. The sense “to make love” is perhaps a semantic loan from English make love.

(intransitive, euphemistic) to make love (to engage in sexual intercourse)


jalanan

a paved part of road, usually in a village or a town

a road as above, but including the sidewalks (pavements) and buildings


jalanan

head

jalanan (comparative lebih jalanan, superlative paling jalanan)

lebih jalanan (comparative)
paling jalanan (superlative)

Musik jalanan

street (having street cred; conforming to modern urban trends)


jalan buntu

(literal) dead end, cul-de-sac, blind alley


kuldesak

kuldêsak (canonical)
kuldesak-kuldesak (plural)


lawazim

From Arabic لَوَازِم (lawāzim), plural form of لَازِم (lāzim). Doublet of lazim.


lekum

From Malay lekum (“throat”), a variant of halkum, from Arabic حُلْقُوم (ḥulqūm, “throat; windpipe; esophagus”). Doublet of jakun.


menaruh

From Malay menaruh (“to put”), from Classical Malay menaruh. Equivalent to meng- + taruh.


dsb.

dan sebagainya
dan sebagainya#Indonesian

Abbreviation of dan sebagainya: etc., and so on, and so forth


nasib

From Malay nasib, from Classical Malay nasib, from Arabic نَصِيب (naṣīb). Cognate with Hindi नसीब (nasīb).


penderitaan

pêndêritaan (canonical)
penderitaan-penderitaan (plural)


ogut

Initially from a comedian Ogud Tomtam whom frequently refer himself by ogut.

(Jakarta, dated) First-person singular pronoun: I, me, my


mbak

From Javanese [Term?], from Old Javanese [Term?].

(formal) Second-person female singular pronoun: you, your, yours

saudara

used for people of either gender of equal status

bapak

father; lit. ; used for men of higher status

ibu

mother; lit. ; used for women of higher status


abjadiah

From Arabic أَبْجَدِيَّة (ʔabjadiyya), feminine singular of أَبْجَدِيّ (ʔabjadiyy). Equivalent to abjad + -i.

أَبْجَدِيَّة


alfabetis

From Dutch alfabetisch (“alphabetical”).


didong

(colloquial) white man, especially European


sampeyan

(Central & East Java, formal) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours


coen

(Java, slang) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours


aliansi

From Dutch alliantie (“alliance”), from Middle Dutch alliancie, from Middle French alliance, from Old French aliance. Cognate of French alliance.

(politics) alliance:
the state of being allied

(politics) alliance:
the act of allying or uniting

a union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league

any union resembling that of families or states; union by relationship in qualities; affinity


pakai

Ide mulai mundar mandir di kepala. Mau menulis tak punya mesin ketik. Akhirnya saya tulis pakai pena di atas kertas folio bergaris.

The idea began to go back and forth in the head. I wanted to write but had no typewriter. Finally, I wrote with a pen on lined folio paper.


memakai

From Malay memakai, from Classical Malay memakai, equivalent to meng- + pakai.

to wear; to put on (clothes, necklace, etc.)


uang muka

Compound of uang (“money”) + muka (“face, front”), calque from Hokkien 前金 (chêng-kim, chiân-kim, “advance/initial payment”, literally “front + money”).


kematian

the cessation of life and all associated processes; the end of an organism's existence as an entity independent from its environment and its return to an inert, nonliving state


kematian

(intransitive, obsolete) to suffer because of someone's death


jelita

From Sanskrit ललित (lalita) or ज्वलित (jvalita, “shining, blazing”).


tumpah

tumpah (root)
bertumpah (active nominative)
tertumpah (nominative passive)
ditumpah (nominative passive)
tumpah (nominative)
tumpahlah (nominative)
menumpahkan (active)
tertumpahkan (passive)
ditumpahkan (passive)
tumpahkan
tumpahkanlah
mempertumpahkan (active causative)
terpertumpahkan (causative passive)
dipertumpahkan (causative passive)
pertumpahkan (causative)
pertumpahkanlah (causative)
toempah (alternative)

From Malay tumpah, ultimately from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumpaq.

Indonesia, tanah airku
Tanah tumpah darahku

1924, Wage Rudolf Soepratman, “Indonesia Raya (National Anthem of Indonesia)”:

Indonesia, my homeland
The land where I shed my blood


berdiri

to support oneself on the feet in an erect position

to be placed in an upright or vertical orientation

(figuratively) to back or favor a cause, party, etc., mentally or with concrete aid; to support

to stand up (to rise from a lying or sitting position)

to start (an institution or organization)


berdiri

(figuratively, used in the middle of a sentence) independent (not depending on something else)


berseru

From Malay berseru,
from Classical Malay berseru. Equivalent to ber- + seru.


semuanya

Third-person singular possessive form of semua.


melaut

From Malay melaut, from Classical Malay melaut. Equivalent to meng- + laut.


terbaik

superlative degree of baik: best; kindest; nicest


trayek

trayèk (canonical)
trayek-trayek (plural)

From Dutch traject, from Latin trājectus, from trājicēre.


sebelum

Affixed se- + belum (“not yet”), from Malay sebelum.


bidak

From Malay bidak, from Arabic بَيْدَق (baydaq, “pawn in chess”). Doublet of piadah.


jerami

jêrami (canonical)
jerami-jerami (plural)

Inherited from Malay jerami, from Classical Malay جرامي (jĕrami), from Proto-Malayic *jaramiʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀami, from Proto-Austronesian *zaʀami (“rice straw”).


berlaku

Aturan ini berlaku untuk semua anggota.


berhenti

From Malay berhenti, from Classical Malay berhenti. Equivalent to ber- + henti.

to quit, to give up, to desist, to resign

to cease; to no longer continue (doing something)


berubah

head

bêrubah (root imperative ubah, rubah, active transitive mengubah, merubah, active intransitive berubah, ordinary passive diubah, dirubah, adversative passive terubah)

bêrubah (canonical)
ubah (imperative root)
rubah (imperative root)
mengubah (active transitive)
merubah (active transitive)
berubah (active intransitive)
dirubah (active intransitive)
beroebah (alternative)

Affixed ber- + ubah, from Malay berubah, from Classical Malay berubah.


bersaing

to be in battle or in a rivalry with another for the same thing, position, or reward; to contend

to take part in a contest, game or similar event


berkunjung

Affixed ber- + kunjung, inherited from Malay berkunjung, from Classical Malay berkunjung.

berkoendjoeng (alternative)
berkundjung (alternative)

(transitive) to visit, to see, to pay a visit


berkembang

Affixed ber- + kembang, inherited from Malay berkembang, from Classical Malay berkembang (“to bloom”).


berkumpul

From Malay berkumpul,
from Classical Malay berkumpul. Equivalent to ber- + kumpul.


gelita

From Malay gelita (“dark”), from Sanskrit गलित (galita, “waning, lost, perished”).


berharap

From Malay berharap, from Classical Malay berharap. Equivalent to ber- + harap.


bermain

Inherited from Malay bermain. Equivalent to ber- + main.

Sore ini aku mau keluar bermain dengan teman-temanku.

This afternoon I will go out to play with my friends.

Tadi dia bermain bola di lapangan.

He was playing football on the field earlier.


rahmat

From Malay rahmat, from Arabic رَحْمَة (raḥma).


gaharu

From Malay gaharu (“agarwood”), from Pali agaru (“agarwood”), from Sanskrit अगुरु (aguru, “agarwood”).


galuh

From Malay galuh,
from Classical Malay galuh, from Sanskrit गलू (galū, “gem”).


usia

From Malay usia, from Classical Malay usia, from Sanskrit आयुष्य (āyuṣya, “life, lifespan”).


kekal

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">kekal</i>


memimpin

Affixed meng- + pimpin, from Malay memimpin, from Classical Malay memimpin.

to supervise the education or training of someone

to come at the beginning of; to commence

to direct:
to manage, to control, to steer

to point out to with authority; to instruct as a superior; to order

to guide or conduct, as by accompanying, going before, showing, influencing, directing with authority, etc.; to have precedence or preeminence; to be first or chief

to guide or conduct in a certain course, or to a certain place or end, by making the way known; to show the way, especially by going with or going in advance of, to lead a pupil; to guide somebody somewhere or to bring somebody somewhere by means of instructions

to be ahead of others, to have the highest interim score in a game

to serve as a guide for someone or something; to lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a course or path


selamatkan

to help someone survive, or rescue someone

(theology) to redeem or protect someone from eternal damnation


gempita

From Malay gempita, from Sanskrit कम्पित (kampita, “shaking; trembling”).


prabu

From Javanese ꦥꦿꦧꦸ (prabu), from Old Javanese prabhu, from Sanskrit प्रभु (prabhu).


gulana

From Malay gulana, from Sanskrit ग्लान (glāna, “wearied”). Doublet of gelana.


irama

irama-irama (plural)
wirama (alternative)

From Malay irama (“rhythm”), from Javanese [Term?], from Sanskrit विराम (virāma).


membuat

From Malay membuat, from Classical Malay membuat. Equivalent to meng- + buat.

Saya butuh sedikit garam untuk membuat sayur ini.

I need a little of salt to make this dish.

(transitive) to make
to create, to produce, to fabricate


mendorong

(transitive, figuratively) to encourage, to stimulate, to urge, to motivate


menjadi

From Malay menjadi, from Classical Malay menjadi. Equivalent to meng- + jadi.


menjadi

mênjadi (canonical)
mjd (alternative Internet)


menjual

From Malay menjual, from Classical Malay menjual. Equivalent to meng- + jual.

Aku dengar ia telah menjual rumahnya.

(transitive, inanimate) to sell, to market


mencoba

From Malay mencoba, mencuba, from Classical Malay mencoba, mencuba. Equivalent to meng- + coba.

(transitive) to try
to attempt; to endeavour

(transitive) to try
to test, to work out
to make an experiment

(transitive) to try
to test, to work out
to put to test

(transitive) to try
to test, to work out
to taste, sample, etc.

to prove by experiment; to apply a test to, for the purpose of determining the quality; to examine; to prove; to test

(transitive) to try
to experiment, to strive
to work on something


memesan

From Malay memesan, from Classical Malay memesan. Equivalent to meng- + pesan.

Apakah kamu memesan pizza?

(transitive) to order (to request a service)


menolak

From Malay menolak, from Classical Malay menolak. Equivalent to meng- + tolak.

(transitive) to reject, to refuse, to decline


FIP

(education) Initialism of fakultas ilmu pendidikan.


gebetan

Borrowed from Betawi gèbètan (“girlfriend or boyfriend”). Equivalent to gebet + -an.

bor+

Dia sudah punya gebetan

(colloquial) crush. An infatuation with somebody one is not dating


MBO

mati batang otak
mati batang otak#Indonesian

(neurology) Initialism of mati batang otak (“brainstem death”).


seseorang

someone (one or some person of unspecified identity)


seseorang

someone (a partially specified but unnamed person)


ketiduran

From tidur + ke- -an (“involuntary verb-forming circumfix”).

af

(intransitive) to accidentally fall asleep (to accidentally pass from a state of wakefulness into sleep)


ketiduran

From tidur + ke- -an (“abstract noun-forming circumfix”).

(obsolete) synonym of tempat tidur (“bed; bedroom”)


meniduri

head

meniduri (active meniduri, passive ditiduri, reflexive passive tertiduri, imperative tiduri, emphatic-jussive tidurilah)

meniduri (active)
ditiduri (passive)
tertiduri (passive reflexive)
tiduri (imperative)

(transitive, euphemistic) to approach (to have sexual intercourse with)


menidurkan

menidurkan (active menidurkan, passive ditidurkan, imperative tidurkan, emphatic-jussive tidurkanlah)

menidurkan (active)
ditidurkan (passive)
tidurkan (imperative)

(transitive) to put to sleep (to cause someone to sleep)

(transitive) to put to bed (to help someone go to bed)

(transitive) to lay down (to put someone to the bed)


penidur

(informal) sleepyhead (a sleepy person; a person who likes or falls asleep easily)


penidur

obat penidur.

sleeping (used for sleep; used to produce sleep)


tertidur

(intransitive) to fall asleep (to pass from a state of wakefulness into sleep)

(intransitive, specifically) to accidentally fall asleep


tertidur

asleep (in a state of sleep; also, broadly, resting)


tanah air

A dvandva compound of tanah (“land”) + air (“water”), literally “land (and) water”, from Malay tanah air. A similar conjoining pattern can be found with palu arit.


timbrung

to join in, to take part (in something unasked)


KU

(healthcare) Initialism of keadaan umum (“general appearance”).

(healthcare) Initialism of kondisi umum (“general appearance”).


runding

Inherited from Malay runding, from Dutch ronding, afronding (“rounding off”).


preman

prèman (canonical)
preman-preman (plural)

→ English: preman


diriku

(with the prepositons 'di', 'ke', and 'dalam') me

(nonstandard, used in a non-reflexive way) I, me


berdua

From Malay berdua, from Classical Malay berdua. Equivalent to ber- + dua.


adenomiosis

adénomiosis (canonical)
adenomiosis-adenomiosis (plural)


filsafat

From Arabic فَلْسَفَات (falsafāt), plural of فَلْسَفَة (falsafa). First vowel changed influenced by filosofi.

philosophy (view regarding fundamental principles)


penjual

From Malay penjual,
from Classical Malay penjual. Equivalent to peng- + jual.


pemberontakan

pêmbêrontakan (canonical)
pemberontakan-pemberontakan (plural)

Affixed berontak + peng- -an, from Malay pemberontakan.

mutiny, rebellion, insurgence, insurrection, uprising, revolt


lemari es

lêmari ès (canonical)
lemari-lemari es (plural)

From compound of lemari + es, from calque of Dutch ijskast (“refrigerator”, literally “ice cupboard”). Cognate of Indonesian eskas and peti es.


lampiran

Affixed lampir + -an, from Malay lampiran (“appendix”).
* Semantic loan from English attachment for computer sense.

Map lamaran beserta lampiran dimasukkan ke dalam amplop warna coklat.

the means by which something is physically attached.

Gambar peniti kecil di samping status email menunjukkan masih ada lampiran yang belum Anda buka loh!

Jika Anda tidak mengenal orang yang mengirimi Anda lampiran dalam emailnya, jangan buka lampiran tersebut.

(computing) a file sent along with an email

attachment
a file sent along with an email

Denah dan tata ruang gedung secara keseluruhan dapat dilihat pada lampiran analisis kelayakan ini.

appendix: a text added to the end of a book or an article, containing additional information

Portofolio merupakan lampiran dari rapor.

supplementary, ancillary, secondary, supplement


pengalaman

pêngalaman (canonical)
pengalaman-pengalaman (plural)

From alam + peng- -an, from Malay pengalaman.


perlembagaan

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

Affixed lembaga + per- -an, from Malay perlembagaan.

(archaic, law) constitution: the formal or informal system of primary principles and laws that regulates a government or other institutions


seni bina

Compound of seni (“art”) + bina (“develop”), inherited from Malay seni bina (“architecture”), probably calque of Dutch bouwstijl (“architecture”, literally “style, fashion of building”).


buku teks

Compound of buku (“book”) + teks (“text”), calque of English textbook.


buku pelajaran

id-noun

buku pelajaran (plural buku-buku pelajaran)

Compound buku (“book”) + pelajaran (“lesson”), partial calque from Dutch studieboek or leerboek.


ujian

ujian-ujian (plural)
oedjian (alternative)
udjian (alternative)

Affixed uji + -an, inherited from Malay ujian.

(education) examination: A formal test involving answering written or oral questions under a time constraint and usually without access to textbooks; typically, a large, written test administered to high school and college students covering course material studied in a semester


gejala

gêjala (canonical)
gejala-gejala (plural)

phenomena, phenomenon: a thing or being, event or process, perceptible through senses


emban

Affixed heban (“to grab with both hands”) + -em-, from Malay emban, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *həban, from Proto-Austronesian *SəbaN (“carry a child with a carrying cloth”).
* The sense of nursemaid is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦲꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦤ꧀ (emban, “nursemaid”), cf. Old Javanese ĕmban, hĕmban (“that which carries or encloses; assistant and guardian”), more likely have same source as Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *həban with infix -em-.


jelata

* From Sanskrit जनता (janatā, “people, folk, generation”).
* After infixed by *jata + -el-, from Sanskrit जात (jāta, “birth, origin, race”). Doublet of jadi, jata, and jati.


jelma

From infix-ed form *jamma + -el-, from Prakrit 𑀚𑀫𑁆𑀫 (jamma), from Sanskrit जन्म (janma). Compare to Balinese ᬚᭂᬍᬫ (jelema, “people, human”).


jentera

jêntêra (canonical)
jentera-jentera (plural)

Inherited from Malay jentera, from Sanskrit यन्त्र (yantra).


karsa

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦂꦱ (karsa, “intention”), from Old Javanese karsa, kaharṣa (“desire, wish; desired”).


karunia

From Malay karunia, from Classical Malay karunia (“grace”), from Sanskrit कारुण्य (kāruṇya, “compassion”).


aktivisme

aktivismê (canonical)
aktivisme-aktivisme (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch activisme (“activism”). Equivalent to aktif + -isme.

bor+

(politics) activism (the practice of using action to achieve a result, such as political demonstration or a strike in support of or in opposition to an issue)

(art) activis (the medium of visual art as a method of social or political commentary utilization)


krida

From Javanese ꦏꦿꦶꦝ (kridha, “pleasure, amusement; practice, training”), from Old Javanese krīḍā (“sport, play”), from Sanskrit क्रीडा (krīḍā). Cognate of Balinese ᬓ᭄ᬭᬷᬥᬵ (krida).


nestapa

nêstapa (canonical)
nestapa-nestapa (plural)

From Malay nestapa, from Old Javanese nastapa, manastāpa (Javanese ꦤꦱ꧀ꦠꦥ (nastapa)), from Sanskrit मनस्ताप (manastāpa, “anguish, repentance”).


kusuma

From Javanese ꦏꦸꦱꦸꦩ (kusuma), from Prakrit 𑀓𑀼𑀲𑀼𑀫 (kusuma), from Sanskrit कुसुम (kusuma, “flower, blossom, bud”).


laksana

Inherited from Malay laksana, from Sanskrit लक्षण (lakṣaṇa, “characteristic, trait”).
* The senses of action, doing, performing are semantic loan from Old Javanese lakṣaṇa (“action, doing”), from the same Sanskrit word.

sl

(archaeology) the characteristic of a statue


zat asam

Compound of zat + asam (“acid”), calque of Dutch zuurstof (“oxygen”, literally “acid matter”).


zat asam

Semantic loan from English acidic substance with compound zat (“substance”) + asam (“acid”).


zat arang

Compound word of zat (“matter”) + arang (“coal”), from calque of Dutch koolstof (“carbon”, literally “coal matter”).


menghukumkan

(transitive) to put into the law, to legislate

(transitive) to decide according to the shari'a


penghukum

pênghukum (canonical)
penghukum-penghukum (plural)


penghukuman

head

pênghukuman (plural penghukuman-penghukuman, first-person possessive penghukumanku, second-person possessive penghukumanmu, third-person possessive penghukumannya)

pênghukuman (canonical)
penghukuman-penghukuman (plural)
penghukumanku (first-person possessive)
penghukumanmu (possessive second-person)
penghukumannya (possessive third-person)


terhukum

(intransitive) to be punished, to be penalized


terhukum

têrhukum (plural terhukum-terhukum, first-person possessive terhukumku, second-person possessive terhukummu, third-person possessive terhukumnya)

têrhukum (canonical)
terhukum-terhukum (plural)
terhukumku (first-person possessive)
terhukummu (possessive second-person)
terhukumnya (possessive third-person)


tiko

Namun setelah mendengar caciannya semakin parah dengan menyebut “Dasar pribumi, Tiko”, gubernur yang hafal al-Quran itu pun berniat melaporkan Steven.

However, after hearing his worsening slurs by exclaiming "You pribumi, Tiko," the Koran-knowing governor also intended to report Steven.

(derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur) an Indonesian person of native origin; pribumi


agnostisisme

From Dutch agnosticisme, from French agnosticisme, from English agnosticism.


avionika

Borrowed from Dutch avionica (“avionics”).

bor+

the science and technology of the development and use of electrical and electronic devices in aviation

(aviation) avionics:
the devices used in avionics


arnal

arnal-arnal (plural)
harnal (alternative)


lembar

From Malay lembar, from Javanese lembar.


gerakan

From gerak + -an, inherited from Malay gerakan.

movement:
physical motion between points in space

a trend in various fields or social categories, a group of people with a common ideology who try together to achieve certain general goals


turunan

Affixed turun (“descent”) + -an, inherited from Malay turunan, from, Classical Malay turunan (“descendant”). The sense “derivative” is a semantic loan from English derivative.

(informal) descendants of national and foreigner; crossbreed

descent
lineage or hereditary derivation

(calculus) the derived function of a function (the slope at a certain point on some curve f(x))

(calculus) the value of this function for a given value of its independent variable

(chemistry) a chemical derived from another

derivative:
a chemical derived from another

(linguistics) a word that derives from another one

derivative:
a word that derives from another one

(calculus) differential: an infinitesimal change in a variable, or the result of differentiation


kemiringan

kêmiringan (canonical)
kemiringan-kemiringan (plural)

(mathematics) gradient, slope: a line is a number that describes both the direction and the steepness of the line

(geology) dip: The angle from horizontal of a planar geologic surface, such as a fault line


percepatan

the act of accelerating, or the state of being accelerated; increase of motion or action; as opposed to retardation or deceleration

(classical mechanics) the change of velocity with respect to time (can include deceleration or changing direction)

(Standard Malay)

(education) the advancement of students at a rate that places them ahead of where they would be in the regular school curriculum


swarga

alternative spelling of surga (“heaven”)


kayu api

Inherited from Malay kayu api. Equivalent to kayu (“wood”) + api (“fire”).


kuasa

From Malay kuasa, ke- + *wasa, from Javanese ꦏꦸꦮꦱ (kuwasa), ꦏꦮꦱ (kawasa), from Old Javanese kawaśa, from Sanskrit वश (vaśa, “authority, power, control, dominion”).

der

power:
the ability to do or undergo something

the ability to coerce, influence or control

(statistics) the probability that a statistical test will reject the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true

(physics) force (anything that has the power to produce a physical effect)


pungkir

Back-formation from memungkiri. Originally from Arabic مُنْكِر (munkir, “the one who denies”).

bor

Uang bukanlah segalanya. Namun, tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa tidak ada yang dapat dilakukan pada jaman sekarang tanpa kehadiran uang.

Money isn't everything. However, it cannot be denied that there is nothing that can be done in present times without availability of money.

Nonstandard form of mungkir (“to deny”).


bayangkan

bayang (root)
membayangi (active)
terbayangi (passive)
dibayangi (passive)
bayangi
bayangilah
membayangkan (active)
terbayangkan (passive)
dibayangkan (passive)
bayangkan
bayangkanlah
memperbayang (active causative nominative)
terperbayang (causative nominative passive)
diperbayang (causative nominative passive)
perbayangkan (causative nominative)
perbayanglah (causative nominative)
memperbayangi (active causative)
terperbayangi (causative passive)
diperbayangi (causative passive)
perbayangi (causative)
perbayangilah (causative)
memperbayangkan (active causative)
terperbayangkan (causative passive)
diperbayangkan (causative passive)
perbayangkan (causative)
perbayangkanlah (causative)

Sulit dibayangkan alasan mengapa selembar kertas bisa dianggap memiliki nilai yang sama dengan seekor kambing, misalnya, atau sebuah layar televisi.

It's hard to imagine the reason why a piece of paper could be considered to have the same value as a goat, for example, or a television screen.


berkenan

Affixed kenan + ber-, inherited from Malay berkenan.


bermuka dua

From Malay bermuka dua, from Classical Malay bermuka dua. Equivalent to
From bermuka + dua.


kusala

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कुशल (kuśala). Coined by Indonesian linguist Anton Moedardo Moeliono in 2007.


monggo

Monggo diminum kopinya.

(dialectal, Java) please (when offering)


dakwa

From Malay dakwa, from Arabic دَعْوَى (daʕwā).


baroe

(1901–1947) Superseded spelling of baru.


nopek

From Betawi/Batavia Malay nopek, from Hokkien, specifically Zhangzhou Hokkien 兩百 /两百 (nō͘-peeh), from 兩 /两 (nō͘, “two”) + 百 (peeh, “hundred”).


dalih

Inherited from Malay dalih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dalih (“be the reason for an action”).

inh

Pungutan itu dilakukan dengan dalih untuk dana kesejahteraan

The levy was carried out under the pretext of welfare funds


bronkial

Internationalism, learned borrowing from New Latin bronchialis, from Latin bronchia.


terka

head

têrka (base-imperative terka, active menerka, ordinary passive diterka)

From Sanskrit तर्क (tarka, “reasoning, speculation, inquiry”).


gede

From Betawi gedé, from Javanese ꦒꦼꦣꦺ (gedhé), from Old Javanese gĕḍe.


semir

* From Dutch smeer (“smear, a fat substance”), from Proto-Germanic *smirwijaną. Cognate with English smear.
* For the sense “bribe”, cf. Dutch smeergeld (“bribe”).

smear, a fat substance, such as shoe polish and machine lubrication


Yeremia

Borrowed from Dutch Jeremia, from Latin Jeremias, from Ancient Greek Ἰερεμίας (Ieremías), from Biblical Hebrew יִרְמְיָה.

(Christianity, Judaism) Jeremiah (book of the Bible)


edaran

something circulated
short for surat edaran.


pirang

Inherited from Malay pérang (“brown”), possibly from Persian افرنگ (“Frank, any white European”), from Old French franc. Doublet of Prancis (“French”).

pirang:

blond, of a pale yellowish (golden brown) color


kepala sekolah

kêpala sêkolah (canonical)
kepsek (alternative)

Compound of kepala (“head”) + sekolah (“school”), calque of Dutch schoolhoofd (“headteacher, principal”, literally “school head”).


hopagen

hopagèn (canonical)
hopagen-hopagen (plural)

From Dutch, from hoofd (“head”) + agent (“agent”).


uskup agung

Compound of uskup + agung. Attested before 1964.


kata hubung

Inherited from Malay kata hubung, from kata (“word”) + hubung (”to connect”). Equivalent to kata + hubung.

conjunction (a word used to join other words or phrases together into sentences, with the meaning used to show how the two joined parts are related)


tambak

Inherited from Malay tambak (“embankment, dyke; banking, filling, levelling up, reclamation; causeway”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tambak.
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦠꦩ꧀ꦧꦏ꧀ (tambak, “fish pond; dyke”).


tambak

a snapper, of species Lutjanus vaigiensis


prala

Acronym of praktik laut (literally “sea practice”).


warita

From Old Javanese wrĕta, wṛtta (“metre; event; rumour, news”), from Sanskrit वृत्त (vṛtta). Doublet of berita, warta, urit, and urita.


kontak

From Dutch contact (compare Afrikaans kontak), from French contact, from Latin contactus.

contact (the establishment of communication or relation)

contact (the establishment of electrical connection)

(colloquial) contact (someone with whom one is in communication)

(medicine) contact (association with a patient with a contagious disease (and so the contacted person may carry the infection))

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) contact a device designed for repetitive connections

engagement (in any situation of conflict, an actual instance of active hostilities)


kontak

(colloquial) to have engagement, instance of active hostilities


kenan

Affixed kena (“to hit”) + -an, inherited from Malay kenan. Semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦼꦤ (kena, “able; can, allowed; succeed”, literally “hit, struck”) for sense related to agreement, approval; pleasure.


tituler

From Dutch titulair, from French titulaire, from Latin titulāris, from titulus (“title”).


asasi

From Malay asasi, from Arabic أَسَاسِيّ (ʔasāsiyy). By surface analysis, asas + -i


swatantra

From Javanese ꦱ꧀ꦮꦠꦤ꧀ꦠꦿ (swatantra), from Old Javanese swatantra (“self-dependence, independence”), from Sanskrit स्वतन्त्र (svatantra).

der

daerah swatantra
daerah swatantra#Indonesian

(dated, historical) ellipsis of daerah swatantra (“autonomous area”).


pustu

(healthcare) Acronym of puskesmas pembantu (“health station”).


loji

From Dutch loge, from French loge. Doublet of loge.


bingar

(dialect) indifferent to the interlocutor


kawasan

Inherited from Malay kawasan, from Classical Malay kawasan (“area”), from Javanese ꦏꦮꦱꦤ꧀ (kawasan, “authorised area”), from Old Javanese kawaśan (“dominion”), from Sanskrit वश (vaśa, “authority, power, control, dominion”). Equivalent to kuasa + -an.

, rantau (Standard Malay)

(geography) region: Any considerable and connected part of a space or surface; specifically, a tract of land or sea of considerable but indefinite extent; a country; a district; in a broad sense, a place without special reference to location or extent but viewed as an entity for geographical, social or cultural reasons

area, zone: a given area distinguished on the basis of a particular characteristic, use, restriction, etc


khusus

choesoes (alternative)
chusus (alternative)

From Malay khusus, from Classical Malay khusus, from Arabic خُصُوص (ḵuṣūṣ, “particularity, speciality, specialty, peculiarity”).


zakar

zakar-zakar (plural)
dakar (alternative)

From Malay zakar, from Arabic ذَكَر (ḏakar).


lajur

(road transport) lane (a lengthwise division of roadway intended for a single line of vehicles)

column (a body of text meant to be read line by line, especially in printed material that has multiple adjacent such on a single page)

lajur jenuh


menurunkan

turun (root)
menuruni (active)
terturuni (passive)
dituruni (passive)
turuni
turunilah
menurunkan (active)
terturunkan (passive)
diturunkan (passive)
turunkan
turunkanlah
memperturun (active causative nominative)
terperturun (causative nominative passive)
diperturun (causative nominative passive)
perturunkan (causative nominative)
perturunlah (causative nominative)
memperturuni (active causative)
terperturuni (causative passive)
diperturuni (causative passive)
perturuni (causative)
perturunilah (causative)
memperturunkan (active causative)
terperturunkan (causative passive)
diperturunkan (causative passive)
perturunkan (causative)
perturunkanlah (causative)

From Malay menurunkan,
from Classical Malay menurunkan. Equivalent to
From turun + meng- -kan.

to drop off (to allow passengers to alight)


rambu

rambu larangan


kurung

Inherited from Malay kurung, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuruŋ.


awahama

(uncommon) free from diseased pest, pest-free


selak

head

selak (base, imperative & colloquial selak, active menyelak, ordinary passive diselak, adversative passive terselak)

& colloquial selak (imperative)
menyelak (active)

Inherited from Malay selak, from Classical Malay sila, from Sanskrit शील (śīla, “conduct, beauty, form, virtue”). Doublet of sila.


selak

Inherited from Malay selak borrowed from Hindi सलाख (salākh, “iron bar; rod”), from Sanskrit शलाका (śalākā).


selak

head

sêlak (base, imperative & colloquial selak, active menyelak, ordinary passive diselak, adversative passive terselak)

sêlak (canonical)
& colloquial selak (imperative)
menyelak (active)

Borrowed from Betawi selek, from Javanese ꦱꦼꦭꦏ꧀, ꦱꦼꦊꦏ꧀ (selak, selek, “on the verge of, about to”, literally “to be choking”), from Old Javanese sĕlĕk, slĕk (literally “choke”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *cʔə(ə)ʔ ~ *cʔə(ə)k ~ *cʔak (“to hiccough, belch”) (compare to Khmer ត្អើក (tʼaək, “hiccup”), Vietnamese nấc (“to hiccup”).

der

ꦱꦼꦭꦏ꧀, ꦱꦼꦊꦏ꧀

(dialect) to be choked: having been unable to breathe due to airway obstruction (choking) or strangulation, but usually to the point of pain and discomfort without death


ayom

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦪꦺꦴꦩ꧀ (ayom, “shady, shaded; protected”), from Old Javanese ayĕm, ayöm, ayum (“in the cool, in the shade”).


warganet

Blend of warga (citizen) + internet (internet), calque of English netizen.

blend

(computing) a member of the community of Internet users; netizen


zeni

From Dutch genie. Doublet of enjin, insinyur, and genius.

combat engineer, a soldier who performs a variety of construction and demolition tasks under combat conditions


tumbuhan air

Compound of tumbuhan (“tree”) + air (“water”)

(botany) hydrophyte (a plant that lives in water)


layang

Inherited from Malay layang (“to fly”), from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *layaŋ (“to fly, soar through the air”).

inh

jalan layang

(only in compounds) elevated: raised, above ground level


layang

clipping of pelayangan (“ship; crossing point”)


daun koka

coca leaf, the leaf of (Erythroxylum coca)


daun buah

(botany) carpel, one of the individual female reproductive organs in a flower


melurus

From meng- + lurus. Attested before 1959.

(now rare) to be straight, become straight, straighten


absolusi

→ Malay: absolusi

From Dutch absolutie (“absolution”), from Middle Dutch absolucie, from Latin absolūtiō.

(Catholicism) absolution, absolving or setting free from guilt, sin or penalty; forgiveness of an offense


devosi

dévosi (canonical)
devosi-devosi (plural)

From Dutch devotie, from Middle Dutch devotie, from Old French devotion, from Latin dēvōtiō.

(Catholicism) devotion, religious veneration, zeal, or piety


ekaristi

èkaristi (canonical)
ekaristi-ekaristi (plural)
Ekaristi (alternative)

From Dutch eucharistie, from Old French, from Ecclesiastical Latin eucharistia, from Ancient Greek εὐχαριστία (eukharistía, “gratitude, giving of thanks”).

der

sakramen ekaristi
sakramen ekaristi#Indonesian

(Christianity) Ellipsis of sakramen ekaristi (“The Christian sacrament of Holy Communion”).

sakramen ekaristi

(by extension) a Christian religious service in which this sacrament is enacted

the substances received during this sacrament, namely the bread and wine, seen as Christ’s body and blood


merek

mèrêk (canonical)
merek-merek (plural)
merk (alternative nonstandard)

From Dutch merk (“mark, brand”), from Proto-Germanic *markō (“boundary; boundary marker”), from Proto-Indo-European *mórǵs (“edge, boundary, border”). Doublet of markah.

(business) brand (product identity), trademark


jahit

jahit (root)
menjahit (active nominative)
terjahit (nominative passive)
dijahit (nominative passive)
jahit (nominative)
jahitlah (nominative)
menjahiti (active)
terjahiti (passive)
dijahiti (passive)
jahiti
jahitilah
menjahitkan (active)
terjahitkan (passive)
dijahitkan (passive)
jahitkan
jahitkanlah
memperjahit (active causative nominative)
terperjahit (causative nominative passive)
diperjahit (causative nominative passive)
perjahit (causative nominative)
perjahitlah (causative nominative)
memperjahiti (active causative)
terperjahiti (causative passive)
diperjahiti (causative passive)
perjahiti (causative)
perjahitilah (causative)
memperjahitkan (active causative)
terperjahitkan (causative passive)
diperjahitkan (causative passive)
perjahitkan (causative)
perjahitkanlah (causative)
djahit (alternative)

From Malay jahit, from Proto-Malayic *jahit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaqit.


mendung

mēndung (canonical)
mendung-mendung (plural)


ensiklik

énsiklik (canonical)
ensiklik-ensiklik (plural)

From Dutch encycliek (“encyclical”), from Latin encyclicus (“circular, encyclical”), from Ancient Greek ἐγκύκλιος (enkúklios, “circular, general”), from ἐν- (en-) + κύκλος (kúklos, “circle”).

(Catholicism) encyclical, a papal letter delivered to bishops in the Roman Catholic Church


episkopal

èpiskopal (canonical)
episkopal-episkopal (plural)

From Dutch episcopaal, from French épiscopal, from Latin episcopālis (“episcopal”), from episcopus (“bishop”), from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “overseer”).

(Catholicism) episcopal, relating to a bishop and/or to the episcopate


kanonis

(Catholicism) canonical, in conformity with canon law

canonical, stated or used in the most basic and straightforwardly applicable manner

(mathematics, linguistics) in canonical form


pulasan

From Malay pulasan. Equivalent to pulas (“twist”) + -an. Doublet of kapulasan.


basantara

bahasa perantara
bahasa perantara#Indonesian


sinetron

sinètron (canonical)
sinetron-sinetron (plural)

→ English: sinetron

Blend of sinema (“cinema”) + elektronik (“electronic”). Coined by Indonesian educator Soemardjono in 1978.

coinage

drama produced as a television show, especially produced in Indonesia


nisbi

Inherited from Malay nisbi, from Arabic نِسْبِيّ (nisbiyy).

(uncommon) Synonym of relatif (“relative”)


onderjurk

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch onderjurk.

ubor

a women's undergarment worn under a dress


ikhlas

From Malay ikhlas, from Arabic إِخْلَاص (ʔiḵlāṣ).

der

Arabic إِخْلَاص (ʔiḵlāṣ)


luncur

From Malay luncur, probably from Portuguese lançar. Doublet of lancar and lansir.


meluncurkan

From luncur + meng- -kan. Attested before 1966.


acang

Blend of alat (“tool”) + canggih (“sophisticated”)

blend

(obsolete, rare) gadget (electronics product)


firaun

From Malay firaun, borrowed from Arabic فرعون (firʕawn), possibly from Classical Syriac ܦܪܥܘܢ (perʿūn) and Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (parʿōh), ultimately from Egyptian pr-ꜥꜣ.


Habil

From Malay Habil, from Arabic هَابِيل (hābīl).


janapada

From Javanese ꦗꦤꦥꦢ (janapada), from Old Javanese janapada, from Sanskrit जनपद (janapada, “district, rural”).


khilafah

Inherited from Malay khilafah, from Classical Malay khilafah, from Arabic خِلَافَة f (ḵilāfa).


konfeti

konféti (canonical)
konfeti-konfeti (plural)

confetti, small pieces of colored paper generally thrown about at festive occasions


laher

From Dutch lager (“bearing”), from German Lager.


negoisasi

nègosiasi (canonical)
negoisasi-negoisasi (plural)

From Dutch negotiatie, from Middle French négociation, from Latin negotiatio (“the carrying on of business, a wholesale business”), from negotiari (“to carry on business”).


tustel

tustèl (canonical)
tustel-tustel (plural)


keker

kékêr (canonical)
kèkèr (canonical)
keker-keker (plural)


semadi

sêmadi (canonical)
semadi-semadi (plural)
samadi (alternative)
semedi (alternative)

From Malay semadi, from Sanskrit समाधि (samādhi, “concentration, tomb”).

samadhi: concentration of the thoughts, profound or abstract meditation, intense contemplation of any particular object


reksa

Borrowed from Javanese ꦉꦏ꧀ꦱ (reksa, “to guard, to watch over”), from Old Javanese rakṣa (“guarding, protecting; protection”), from Sanskrit रक्षा (rakṣā, “guard”).
* Displaced Dutch politie (“police”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.


tali pinggang

id-noun

tali pinggang (plural tali-tali pinggang)

Compound of tali + pinggang. Compare to Chinese 腰帶／腰带 (“belt”, literally “waist band”).

belt: a band worn around the waist to hold clothing to one's body (usually pants), hold weapons (such as a gun or sword), or serve as a decorative piece of clothing


wilapa

From Sanskrit विलाप (vilāpa, “lamentation”).


resusitasi

résusitasi (canonical)
resusitasi-resusitasi (plural)

From English resuscitation, from Middle English resuscitacion, from Old French ressuscitacion and Latin resuscitātio.


reanimasi

réanimasi (canonical)
reanimasi-reanimasi (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch reanimatie (“resuscitation”), from French réanimation.


ratu drama

* From Calque of English drama queen.
* From ratu (“queen”) + drama (“drama”).

drama queen, a exaggeratedly dramatic person


persekutuan komanditer

Compound of persekutuan (“partnership”) + komanditer, calque from Dutch commanditaire vennootschap.


koperasi

kopêrasi (canonical)
koperasi-koperasi (plural)

Affixed ko- + operasi, from earlier kooperasi, from Dutch coöperatie, from Middle French cooperation, from Late Latin cooperātiō. Doublet of kooperasi.
* The word was used for translation of Japanese 組合(くみあい) (kumiai, “an association, a union”) during the Japanese occupation.


besuk

From Dutch bezoek (“visit”), from Middle Dutch besoec.

to visit, especially patient in hospital


posisi

From Dutch positie (“position”), from French position, from Latin positiō.


disposisi

Borrowed from Dutch dispositie (“disposition”).

bor+

(management) the arrangement or placement of certain things

(medicine) the tendency or inclination under given circumstances; temperamental makeup or habitual mood


efek

From Dutch effect (“effect, negotiable instrument”), from Old French effect (modern French effet), from Latin effectus (“an effect, tendency, purpose”), from efficiō (“accomplish, complete, effect”). Cognate of Afrikaans effek.

der

impression left on the mind; sensation produced

(finance) security: a tradeable financial asset, such as a share of stock

negotiable instrument
negotiable instrument

(economics, finance) negotiable instrument


benteng

bèntèng (canonical)
benteng-benteng (plural)

From Malay benteng.
* The sense “bulwark” is a semantic loan from Javanese bètèng.
* The sense in chess is a semantic loan from Dutch kasteel (“rook (dated)”, literally “castle”).

sl

fort (a fortified defensive structure stationed with troops)

(figurative) something that is used to strengthen or maintain a position and so on

(sports) children's games are carried out in two groups by each group forming a fort (in the form of poles, stones, etc.) and trying to protect the fort from enemy attacks


setrum

sêtrum (canonical)
setrum-setrum (plural)
seterum (alternative)

From Dutch stroom (“current”), from Middle Dutch strôom, from Old Dutch *strōm, from Proto-Germanic *straumaz, from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow”).


setrum

head

sêtrum (active menyetrum, passive disetrum)

sêtrum (canonical)
menyetrum (active)
disetrum (passive)
seterum (alternative)

Dia sedang menyetrum kaum-kaum merah di kamar eksekusi.

He is electrocuting Reds in the execution chamber.


air terjun

From Malay air terjun, from Classical Malay اءير ترجون (air terjun). From air (“water”) + terjun (“to dive, to jump from a high place”).

compound

waterfall (flow of water over the edge of a cliff)


ketumbar

From Malay ketumbar, from Tamil கொத்தமல்லி (kottamalli), from Sanskrit कुस्तुम्बरी (kustumbarī). Cognate of Cebuano and Chavacano katumbal.

Coriandrum sativum
Coriandrum sativum#Translingual

(cooking) the annual herb Coriandrum sativum, used in many cuisines

(cooking) the dried fruits thereof, used as a spice


daun ketumbar

Compound of daun (“leaf”) + ketumbar (“coriander”), from Malay daun ketumbar

(cooking) cilantro (leaves of the coriander plant)


pasfoto

(colloquial) a passport photo, a passport photograph


gulai

From Malay gulai. Probably from Tamil குழை (kuḻai, “to become soft, well cooked”).

der

(cooking) gulai: a type of food containing rich, spicy and succulent curry-like sauce


tabir

From Malay tabir, from Arabic تَعْبِير (taʕbīr, “to get across”).


simbolisme

simbolismê (canonical)
simbolisme-simbolisme (plural)

Affixed simbol + -isme, from Dutch symbolisme.


boomzaken

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch boomzaken.


boorwater

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch boorwater.


burgerlijk wetboek

id-noun

burgerlijk wetboek (plural burgerlijk-burgerlijk wetboek)

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch Burgerlijk Wetboek (“civil code”).


hopbiro

From Dutch hoofdbureau, from hoofd (“head”) + bureau (“bureau”).


legaat

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch legaat, from Latin legatum.


gelagah

gelagah-gelagah (plural)
gelegah (alternative)
glagah (alternative)

Saccharum spontaneum
Saccharum spontaneum#Translingual

kans grass, tiger grass, Saccharum spontaneum


tekor

From Dutch tekort (“shortage, deficit”).


krusial

From Dutch cruciaal (“crucial”), from French crucial, a medical term for ligaments of the knee (which cross each other), from Latin Latin crux, crucis (“cross”), from the Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, to bend”).


klinis

proscribed Indonesian (alternative)
Standard Malay (alternative)

From Dutch klinisch (“clinical”). Cognate German klinisch.


diakones

diakonês (canonical)
diakones-diakones (plural)

From Dutch diacones, from French diaconesse, ultimately from Latin diaconissa.

(Christianity, Protestantism) female deacon, with duties of helping the priests and carrying out parish work


ibu kota

ibu-ibu kota (plural)
ibukota (alternative nonstandard)

Compound of ibu (“greatest or most significant”, literally “mother”) + kota (“city”).


kacang panjang

Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis#Translingual

yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis)


CBSA

(education) Initialism of cara belajar siswa aktif.


soang

soang-soang (plural)
sowan (alternative)
sowang (alternative)

From Dutch zwaan, from Middle Dutch swane, from Old Dutch *swano, from Proto-Germanic *swanô.


akar rumput

Compound of akar (“root(s)”) + rumput (“grass”), calque of English grass roots.

(figurative, politics) grass roots: of, or relating to people or society at the local level, particularly in politics, social movements, etc.


aktivis

(politics) activist, (one who is politically active in the role of a citizen; especially, one who campaigns for change)


aktivitas

aktifitas (alternative nonstandard)
aktivitet (alternative dated)
aktiviti (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

Learned borrowing from Latin activitas. Displaced aktivitet, a loan word from Dutch activiteit. Equivalent in meaning to aktif (“active”) + -itas (“-ity”), because Dutch activiteit is equivalent to actief (“active”) + -teit (“-ity”).


ancaman

threat (an expression of intent to injure or punish another)

threat (an indication of potential or imminent danger)


autokrasi

By surface analysis, auto- + -krasi, from Dutch autocratie, from Byzantine Greek αὐτοκρατία (autokratía, “A system of government by one person with absolute power”).


akta mengajar

id-noun

akta mêngajar (plural akta-akta mengajar)

akta mêngajar (canonical)
akta-akta mengajar (plural)

Compound of akta (“certificate”) + mengajar (“teaching”), a calque of Dutch akte van bekwaamheid (literally “certificate of competence”).

calque

(education, historical) teaching certificate; teaching qualification


aliah

From Arabic علية (ʕaliyya, “high, tall”).

(Islam, education) Islamic modern senior high school (US) or upper secondary school (UK)


asesmen

asèsmên (canonical)
asesmen-asesmen (plural)

(Standard Malay)

(education) the systematic process of documenting and using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, aptitude and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning

(healthcare, medicine, psychiatry, psychology) identifies needs of the patient or client and how those needs will be addressed


koneksi

konèksi (canonical)
koneksi-koneksi (plural)

From Dutch connectie (“connection”), from French connexion, from Latin cōnexiō.

(computing) connection (an established link)

(colloquial) connection (an individual who is related to oneself)


Prakerta

Prakrit (of or pertaining to the Prakrit language)


Jogjakarta

(1901–1947, 1947–1972) Superseded spelling of Yogyakarta.


Soerabaja

(1901–1947) Superseded spelling of Surabaya.


Surabaja

(1947–1972) Superseded spelling of Surabaya.


bordil

From Dutch bordeel (“brothel”), from Middle Dutch bordeel (“brothel; hut, hovel”), from Old French bordel (“hut; brothel”), from Medieval Latin bordellum (“brothel, small hut”).


lokalisasi

lokalisasi-lokalisasi (plural)
lokalisir (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch lokalisatie. By surface analysis, lokal + -isasi.

(colloquial) localization, red-light district


lokalisir

Borrowed from Dutch lokaliseer, lokaliseren.

to localize; basic/imperative of melokalisir


penapis

Affixed peng- + tapis, inherited from Malay penapis, from Classical Malay penapis.


menapis

From Malay menapis, from Classical Malay menapis. Equivalent to meng- + tapis.


muara

Inherited from Malay muara, probably derived from Prakrit *muhavara, derived from Sanskrit मुख (mukha) + द्वार (dvāra) (compare to Tamil முகத்துவாரம் (mukattuvāram, “mouth (of river); estuary”)).

ncog

முகத்துவாரம்

mouth: the end of a river out of which water flows into a sea or other large body of water


lamun

Ultimately inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lamun (“swamp grass”) via an unknown substrate language.
Coined by Indonesian academician Hutomo in 1985.


sijil

From Malay sijil, from Arabic سِجِلّ (sijill, “register, registry, record, list, log”), from Byzantine Greek σιγίλλιον, σιγίλλον (sigíllion, sigíllon), ultimately from Latin sigillum (“little sign”). Doublet of segel.

der

σιγίλλιον, σιγίλλον


sarjana

From Sanskrit सज्जन (sajjana, “gentleman, virtuous man”). Compare to Javanese ꦱꦂꦗꦤ (sarjana, “scholar”) and Old Javanese sajjana (“scholar”). The change of cluster ⟨rj⟩ from ⟨jj⟩ probably reflect hypercorrection, see conversion between Sanskrit and Pali forms.
* Sense of bachelor and baccalaureate is a semantic loan from Dutch baccalaureus (“bachelor”). Compare to Chinese 學士／学士 (xuéshì, “bachelor”, literally “scholar; literati”).

zh-l

(education) bachelor's degree, baccalaureate: the first or lowest academic degree conferred by universities and colleges

(education) graduate with bachelor's degree

(rare) scholar, especially Muslim scholar


lantatur

Blend of layanan (“service”) + tanpa (“without”) + turun (“to go down”).


sarjana muda

id-noun

sarjana muda (plural sarjana-sarjana muda)

Compound of sarjana (“bachelor”) + muda (“young, junior”)

compound

(education) associate's degree: an academic degree awarded after the equivalent of approximately two years of college education, usually by community colleges


pascasarjana

From pasca- (“after”) + sarjana (“bachelor's degree”), a calque of English postgraduate.


menganiaya

(transitive) to prosecute, to do oppression, to do injustice.


penganiaya

head

penganiaya (plural penganiaya-penganiaya, first-person possessive penganiayaku, second-person possessive penganiayamu, third-person possessive penganiayanya)

penganiaya-penganiaya (plural)
penganiayaku (first-person possessive)
penganiayamu (possessive second-person)
penganiayanya (possessive third-person)

person who does prosecution, oppression, or injustice.


penganiayaan

penganiayaan (plural penganiayaan-penganiayaan, first-person possessive penganiayaanku, second-person possessive penganiayaanmu, third-person possessive penganiayaannya)

penganiayaan-penganiayaan (plural)
penganiayaanku (first-person possessive)
penganiayaanmu (possessive second-person)
penganiayaannya (possessive third-person)

the event of prosecution, oppression, or injustice.


teraniaya

From Malay teraniaya,
from Classical Malay teraniaya. Equivalent to
ter- + aniaya.

(passive voice, adversative) the event of prosecution, oppression, or injustice is done to subject.


langsir

From Dutch rangeer (the present tense 1st person singular form of rangeren). The rail transport sense was a semantic loan from German rangieren in Dutch. Doublet of ring.

(rail transport) to shunt, to move a train from one track to another, or to move carriages, etc. from one train to another


langsir

From Dutch lansier or Portuguese lanceiro, ultimately from Late Latin lanceārius, from Latin lancea (“spear”).

(obsolete) lancer, a soldier armed with a lancer


beranang

bêranang (canonical)
beranang-beranang (plural)

beranang:

madder red: a deep reddish colour, like that of the dye


kumbara

From Ottoman Turkish خمبره (kumbara), from Classical Persian خمباره (xumbāra, “an earthenware box, a small jar; a bombshell”).


ners

From English nurse, from Middle English norice, from Old French norrice, from Latin nūtrīcius (“that nourishes”), from nūtrīx (“wet nurse”), from nūtriō (“to suckle”).

(rare) nurse, person trained to provide care for the sick


mantri

From Javanese ꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦶ (mantri), from Old Javanese mantrī, mantri, from Sanskrit मन्त्री (mantrī). Doublet of mandarin, manti, and menteri.

(in compounds) position for special responsibility


brankar

From Dutch brancard, from French brancard.

Seorang tenaga kesehatan lengkap dengan APD bersama dengan brankar atau ranjang dorong bersiaga di luar gedung.

A healthcare worker with PPE and a stretcher is on alert outside the building.


handuk

handuk-handuk (plural)
handdoek (alternative)
handoek (alternative)


spanduk

banner, a large piece of cloth with a slogan, motto, or emblem carried in a demonstration or other procession or suspended in some conspicuous place


sehat

sèhat (canonical)
sihat (alternative)
nonstandard Indonesian (alternative)
standard Malay (alternative)

From Malay sehat, sihat, from Classical Malay [script needed] (sehat), [script needed] (sihat), from Persian صحت (sehhat), from Arabic صِحَّة (ṣiḥḥa).

enjoying good health; well; free from disease or disorder

(figurative) sensible, coherent, reasonable

(colloquial) fit: in good shape; physically well


swasta

Inherited from Malay swasta, from Sanskrit स्वस्थ (svastha, “independent”).

private (belonging to, concerning, or accessible only to an individual person or a specific group)


partikelir

partikêlir (canonical)
partikoelir (alternative)
partikulir (alternative)

From Dutch particulier (“private”). Doublet of partikular.

Tanah partikelir adalah tanah yang dijual oleh VOC kepada perorangan....

Private land was land that sold by VOC to personal....

(dated) private, not in governmental office or employment


antarbangsa

Affixed antar- (“inter-”) + bangsa (“nation”), calque of Dutch internationaal (“international”).


internasional

→ Malay: internasional

Internationalism, affixed inter- + nasional, from Dutch internationaal (“international”), from English international, apparently coined in 1780 by Jeremy Bentham from inter- + national, both ultimately from Latin.

Berita Internasional


parlemen

parlêmèn (canonical)
parlemen-parlemen (plural)
parlimen (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

→ Tetum: parlamén

From Dutch parlement, from Middle Dutch parlement, from Old French parlement.


sekolah ambah

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + ambah (“masonry”), partial calque of Dutch ambachtsschool.

(education, historical) senior high school (US), upper secondary school (UK) level vocational school.


ambah

ambah-ambah (plural)
ambach (alternative)

From Dutch ambacht, from Middle Dutch ambacht, from Old Dutch ambacht, from Proto-Germanic *ambahtaz, from Gaulish ambaxtos, from Proto-Celtic *ambaxtos. Cognate with German Amt.


edukasi

èdukasi (canonical)
edukasi-edukasi (plural)

From Dutch educatie (“education”). Cognate to Tagalog edukasyon, Tok Pisin edukesen, and Malay edukesyen.

(education) Synonym of pendidikan (“education”)


sekolah rendah

id-noun

sekolah rendah (plural sekolah-sekolah rendah)

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + rendah (“low”), from Malay sekolah rendah, from Dutch lagere school.


globalisasi

Affixed global + -isasi, from English globalisation.


mati pucuk

erectile dysfunction
erectile dysfunction

(medicine, pathology, colloquial) erectile dysfunction


pulpen

pulpèn (canonical)
pulpen-pulpen (plural)
bolpoin (alternative)
pulpen (alternative)
vulpen (alternative)


bolpoin

bolpoin-bolpoin (plural)
bolpen (alternative)
pulpen (alternative)
vulpen (alternative)

From English ballpoint (“ballpoint pen”).


ilmu bumi

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + bumi (“earth”), calque of Dutch aardrijkskunde (“geography”, literally “earth science”).


ilmu urai

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + urai (“dismember”), calque of Dutch ontleedkunde (“anatomy”, literally “dissection science”).


ilmu tasrih

From ilmu (“science”) + tasrih (“dismember”), from Arabic عِلْم التَشْرِيحِ (ʕilm at-tašrīḥi, “anatomy”) , probably via Malay ilmu tasrih.

bor

عِلْم التَشْرِيحِ


tasrih

From Arabic تَشْرِيح (tašrīḥ, “autopsy”).


ilmu ukur

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + ukur (“measure”), calque of Dutch meetkunde (“geometry”, literally “measuring science”).


ilmu pisah

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + pisah (“to separate”), calque of Dutch scheikunde (“chemistry”, literally “knowledge to separate”).


tegak lurus

Compound of tegak (“upright”) + lurus (“straight”), calque of Dutch loodrecht (“perpendicular”).


ilmu hitung

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + hitung (“to count, to compute”), from Malay ilmu hitung, a calque of Dutch cijferkunst (“arithmetic”, literally “to compute + art; ability”) and Dutch rekenkunde (“arithmetic”).


aljabar

From Arabic الْجَبْر (al-jabr, “reunion, resetting of broken parts”).


ilmu hayat

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + hayat (“life”), from Arabic عِلْمُ ٱلْأَحْيَاء (ʕilmu l-ʔaḥyāʔ, “biology”, literally “life science”).

عِلْمُ ٱلْأَحْيَاء


agresif

From Dutch agressief (“aggressive”), from French agressif.


agensi

agènsi (canonical)
agensi-agensi (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch agency, from Medieval Latin agentia, from Latin agēns (present participle of agere (“to act”)).


aktinometer

aktinométêr (canonical)
aktinometer-aktinometer (plural)


akuntan

akuntan-akuntan (plural)
accountant (alternative dated)
akauntan (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)


amprah

From Dutch aanvraag (“application, request”).

(colloquial, dialectal) application, request


sepuit

sêpuit (canonical)
sepuit-sepuit (plural)
spet (alternative)
spuit (alternative)

(medicine) Synonym of jarum suntik (“syringe”)


oktroi

From Dutch octrooi (“patent”), from Middle Dutch octroy, possibly from Latin auctōrō, auctor. Compare to French octroi (“grant; concession”).


perlop

pêrlop (canonical)
perlop-perlop (plural)

From Dutch verlof (“furlough, leave of absence”).


spoelhoek

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch spoel (“rinse”) + hoek (“corner”).

(medicine) service sink, a deep sink, usually set low, esp. used for emptying pails of dirty water


kasmaran

From Malay kasmaran,
from Classical Malay kasmaran, from Javanese ꦏꦱ꧀ꦩꦫꦤ꧀ (kasmaran). Equivalent to asmara + ke- -an.

(literary) to be lovestruck, to be madly in love


ambeien

ambéiên (canonical)
ambeyen (alternative nonstandard)


bawasir

buasir (alternative)
wasir (alternative)
wazir (alternative)

From Arabic بَوَاسِير (bawāsīr, “hemorrhoids”).


dobel

From Dutch dubbel (“double, twofold”), from Middle Dutch dobbel, from Old French doble, from Latin duplus.

(colloquial) double,
of twice the quantity

(colloquial) double,
having two aspects; ambiguous

(colloquial) either of two similar objects, entities etc; twin


geminte

gêmintê (canonical)
geminte-geminte (plural)


bahan bakar

Compound of bahan (“material”) + bakar (“fire”), calque of Dutch brandstof (“fuel”, literally “to burn + material”).


hoaks

From English hoax (a spelling pronunciation).


fulus

From Malay fulus,
from Arabic فُلُوس (fulūs, “money, penny”).

(colloquial, rare or obsolete) Synonym of uang (“money”)


kampiun

From Dutch kampioen (“champion”), from Middle Dutch campioen, from Old Northern French campion, campiun (cf. French champion), from Proto-West Germanic *kampijō (cf. German Kämpe), derived from *kamp (“field, fight”), from Latin campus. Doublet of kampus, kamp, kampanye, and sampanye.


kampiun

(colloquial) Synonym of lihai (“smart, skillful”)


kamsen

kamsèn (canonical)
kamsen-kamsen (plural)

From English commission, from Old French commission, from Latin commissio (“sending together; commission”). Doublet of komisi.


kerul

From Dutch krul (“curl”), from Middle Dutch crulle, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kruzlǭ (“that which is curled”), from Pre-Germanic *grus-, contracted from Proto-Indo-European *gurus- (“twist, curl”).


potongan harga

id-noun

potongan harga (plural potongan-potongan harga)

Compound of potongan (“cut, reduction”) + harga (“price”). Compare to Japanese 値引(ねび)き (nebiki, “discount”).


kolaps

Borrowed from Dutch collaps (“collapse”), from Latin collāpsus (past participle of collābor).

bor+

(colloquial) to collapse, to fall down suddenly


konsumsi

Borrowed from Dutch consumptie (“consumption”), from Latin cōnsumptiō.


stopkontak

(electricity) an electrical socket, an outlet


maneken

manêkèn (canonical)
maneken-maneken (plural)
manekin (alternative)
manikin (alternative)

(colloquial) mannequin, model (a person who models clothes)


beslit

bèslit (canonical)
beslit-beslit (plural)


bludrek

bludrêk (canonical)
bludrek-bludrek (plural)

From Dutch bloeddruk (“blood pressure”).


cengbeng

cèngbèng (canonical)
cengbeng-cengbeng (plural)
cembeng (alternative)
cingbing (alternative)


cengkau

cêngkau (canonical)
cengkau-cengkau (plural)

/t͡ʃəŋˈkau̯/

From Hokkien 成交 (sêng-kau, “to close a deal; to conclude a transaction”).


sipir

From Dutch cipier, from Middle Dutch cipier, from Old French cepier.


cialat

From Hokkien 食力 (chia̍h-la̍t). Compare English jialat.


cincau

cincau-cincau (plural)
cingcau (alternative)


nir-

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit निर् (nir), the alternative form of निस् (nis, “out, forth, away”, adverb).

lbor

nirguna

nirkabel

nirtunai

nirlaba


nirlaba

From nir- + laba. Coined by Indonesian linguist Anton Moedardo Moeliono.


lempar

Inherited from Malay lempar, from Proto-Malayic *limpar.


pegang

Inherited from Malay pegang. Possibly related to gagang (“handle”).

to hold, grab; basic/imperative/informal of memegang


nirleka

From nir- + leka, from Sanskrit लेख (lekha, “writing”, noun).


menyenangkan

Ini tak menyenangkan!


menyenangkan

Dia menyenangkan ibunya.


taman kanak-kanak

id-noun

taman kanak-kanak (plural taman-taman kanak-kanak)

taman-taman kanak-kanak (plural)
TKK (alternative)
TK (alternative)

Compound of taman + kanak-kanak, from calque of German Kindergarten (“kindergarten”, literally “garden of children”).


raudatul athfal

id-noun

raudatul athfal (plural raudatul-raudatul athfal)

raudatul-raudatul athfal (plural)
RA (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic رَوْضَة أَطْفَال (rawḍa(t) ʔaṭfāl, “kindergarten”) as رَوْضَة (rawḍa, “garden”) + أَطْفَال (ʔaṭfāl, “children”), from Calque of German Kindergarten (“kindergarten”, literally “garden of children”). Doublet of taman kanak-kanak.

ubor

رَوْضَة أَطْفَال


madrasah ibtidaiah

id-noun

madrasah ibtidaiah (plural madrasah-madrasah ibtidaiah)

madrasah-madrasah ibtidaiah (plural)
madrasah ibtidaiyah (alternative)
MI (alternative)

Compound of madrasah + ibtidaiah, calque of Arabic اَلْمَدْرَسَة اَلاِبْتِدَائِيَّة (al-madrasa(t) al-ibtidāʔiyya) as اِبْتِدَائِيَّة (ibtidāʔiyya, “primary, elementary”) + مَدْرَسَة (madrasa).

clq

اَلْمَدْرَسَة اَلاِبْتِدَائِيَّة

compound

اِبْتِدَائِيَّة

(Islam, education) elementary school (US), primary school (UK)


terjadi

From Malay terjadi,
from Classical Malay terjadi. Equivalent to
From ter- + jadi.


sekitar

Affixed se- + kitar, from Malay sekitar.

sekitar seratus


sekitar

sêkitar (canonical)
sekitar-sekitar (plural)


setelah

From Malay setelah, from Classical Malay setelah (“after”), equivalent to se- + telah.


sebut

head

sêbut (active menyebut, passive disebut)

sêbut (canonical)
menyebut (active)
disebut (passive)


bagian

bagian-bagian (plural)
bahagian (alternative)

From Malay bagian, a variant of the standard bahagian. Equivalent to bagi + -an.
* The sense “duty” is a semantic loan from English part.
* The sense “subdivision” is a semantic loan from Dutch sectie.
* The sense “fate” is a semantic loan from Arabic نَصِيب (naṣīb, “destiny”, literally “portion”).
The superseded spelling bahagian was used as translation of Japanese 部(ぶ) (bu, “department”) during the Japanese occupation.

semantic loan

portion; component; part: that which is divided off or separated, as a part from a whole; a separated part of anything;

allotment: Something allotted; a portion granted or distributed

ration: a portion of some limited resource allocated to a person or group

(music) the melody played or sung by a particular instrument, voice, or group of instruments or voices, within a polyphonic piece

volume: a part (book) of a publication issued in multi-book format


stoples

stoplès (canonical)
stoples-stoples (plural)
setoples (alternative)
toples (alternative)

From Dutch stolpfles as stolp (“cover”) + fles (“bottle”).


setolop

sêtolop (canonical)
setolop-setolop (plural)

→ Min Nan: 實刀洛／实刀洛 (si̍t-to-lo̍h, “wall-lamp”)


bank sentral

Compound of bank + sentral (“central”), calque of Dutch centrale bank (“central bank”).


garansi

garansi-garansi (plural)
waranti (alternative)

From Dutch garantie (“guarantee”), from French garantie, from Middle French garantie, from Old French garantie, guarantie, from garantir, guarantir, from garant, guarant, warant, from Frankish *warand, from *warjan, from Proto-Germanic *warjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wer-.


nakhoda

nakhoda-nakhoda (plural)
nakoda (alternative nonstandard)
nangkoda (alternative nonstandard)
nahkoda (alternative nonstandard)

From Malay nakhoda (“captain”), from Persian ناخدا (nâxodâ).

(nautical, military) shipmaster, captain

(nautical) the captain of a merchant ship; a master mariner; master


sekring

sékring (canonical)
sekring-sekring (plural)

From Dutch zekering (“fuse”), from German Sicherung.

(electrical engineering) fuse, a device to prevent overloading of a circuit


indekos

From Dutch in de kost (“in the kost”) as kost (“board, livelihood, meals and lodgings”), from Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost, from Medieval Latin costare, from Latin constare (“stand together, stand at, cost”), from com- + stare (“stand”).

der

(colloquial) to rent a place to live or lodge


maklumat

maklumat-maklumat (plural)
ma'loemat (alternative)
makloemat (alternative)

From Malay maklumat, from Classical Malay معلومات (ma'lumat), from Arabic معلومات (maʕlūmāt), plural of مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm, “known”), passive participle of عَلِمَ (ʕalima, “to know”). Doublet of maklum.


informasi

informasi-informasi (plural)
informasi (root)
menginformasikan (active)
terinformasikan (passive)
diinformasikan (passive)
informasikan
informasikanlah

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch informatie (“information”), from Middle French informacion, enformacion (Modern French information), and their source, Latin īnfōrmātiō (“formation, conception; education”), from the participle stem of īnfōrmō (“to inform”). Cognate with Afrikaans informasie (“information”).


komunikasi

desc

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">komunikasi</i>

→ Malay: کومونيکاسي (komunikasi)

communication, passageway or opening, connection

communication,
concept of exchanging information

communication,
act or fact of communicating anything


memarahi

From Malay memarahi. Equivalent to
marah + meng- -i.


mengelilingi

(transitive) to encircle
To surround, form a circle around

(transitive) to encircle
To move or go around completely.


dokter anak

Compound of dokter (“doctor”) + anak (“child”), calque of Dutch kinderarts (“pediatrician”, literally “child's doctor”).

calque

pediatrician (US), paediatrician (UK, Aus, NZ)


dokter umum

Compound of dokter (“doctor”) + umum (“general”), partial calque of Dutch algemeen arts.

general practitioner
general practitioner


dokter bedah

id-noun

dokter bedah (plural dokter-dokter bedah)

Compound of dokter (“doctor”) + bedah (“surgery”, literally “torn, broken”), calque of Dutch wondarts (“surgeon”, literally “wound doctor”). Compare to Japanese 執刀医(しっとうい) (shittōi, “surgeon”, literally “operator + physician”).


dokter jiwa

From dokter (“doctor”) + jiwa (“soul, mind”).


psikiater

psikiatêr (canonical)
psikiater-psikiater (plural)

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch psychiater (“psychiatrist”).


dokter mata

Compound of dokter (“doctor”) + mata (“eye”), a partial calque of Dutch oogarts (“ophthalmologist”, literally “eye doctor”).


ahli

ahli-ahli (plural)
A. (alternative)
akhli (alternative nonstandard)

From Malay ahli, from Classical Malay اهلي (ahli), from Arabic عَقْلِي (ʕaqlī, “intellectual”).

sarjana terapan
sarjana terapan#Indonesian

(education, dated) the title of four-years vocational degree (1993-2001), currently sarjana terapan (since 2001)


ahli

ahli-ahli (plural)
achli (alternative nonstandard)
akhli (alternative nonstandard)
akhli (alternative nonstandard)

From Malay ahli, from Classical Malay اهلي (ahli, “adherent, family”), from Persian اهل (ahl, “people, inhabitant, citizen”), from Arabic أَهْلِ (ʔahli), أَهْل (ʔahl, “family, membership, people, adherents, experts, inhabitants”).


wafat

From Malay wafat, from Arabic وَفَاة (wafāh).


Ibrani

From Malay Ibrani, from Arabic عِبْرَانِي (ʕibrānī).

Arabic عِبْرَانِي (ʕibrānī)

Hebrew, of or pertaining to the Hebrew people or language


Ibrani

Arabic عِبْرَانِي (ʕibrānī)

a member or descendant of a Semitic people claiming descent from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob

the Semitic language spoken by the Hebrew people


Ibrani

Arabic عِبْرَانِي (ʕibrānī)

(biblical) Jude: The second last book of the New Testament of the Bible


celengan

céléngan (canonical)
celengan-celengan (plural)

From Javanese ꦕꦺꦭꦺꦔꦤ꧀ (céléngan). Equivalent to celeng (“boar, pig”) + -an.

piggy bank (small container to store small saved coins in)

(by extension) saving (something, usually money, that is saved for the future)


kereta angin

id-noun

kereta angin (plural kereta-kereta angin)

Compound of kereta (“carriage”) + angin (“wind”). Cognate of Medan Hokkien 風車／风车 (hong-chhia, “bicycle”).


klavus

Internationalism, Borrowed from Latin clāvus.

(uncommon) corn; clavus (a callous growth, especially on the foot)


kuintal

kuintal-kuintal (plural)
kintal (alternative)
kwintal (alternative)

From Dutch kwintaal, from Middle French quintal, from Medieval Latin quintale, from Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār), ultimately from Latin centēnārium.


lengket

From Malay lengket, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *la(ŋ)ket.


laler

From Javanese ꦭꦊꦂ (laler), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laləj, from Proto-Austronesian *lalej. Compare Malay lalat.


gugup

head

gugup (comparative lebih gugup, superlative tergugup, equative segugup)

lebih gugup (comparative)
tergugup (superlative)
segugup (equative)

Borrowed from Betawi gugup, from
From Javanese gugup.

flustered (confused, befuddled, in a state of panic by having become overwrought with confusion)

nervous (apprehensive or anxious; easily agitated or alarmed)


baskara

From Sanskrit भास्कर (bhāskara, “sun”, literally “maker of light”).


serdadu

serdadu-serdadu (plural)
soldadu (alternative)

Inherited from Malay serdadu, from Portuguese soldado (“soldier”).


klausul

klausul-klausul (plural)
klausula (alternative)

From Dutch clausule (“clause”), from Middle Dutch clausule, from Latin clausula. Compare to Afrikaans klousule.

(law) clause: an individually designated provision in a contract, regulation or statute


PPK

(government) Initialism of program pengembangan kecamatan.

pejabat pembuat komitmen
pejabat pembuat komitmen#Indonesian

(business, government, management) Initialism of pejabat pembuat komitmen.

panitia pemilihan kecamatan
panitia pemilihan kecamatan#Indonesian

(politics) Initialism of panitia pemilihan kecamatan.

(education) Initialism of penguatan pendidikan karakter.

pusat pelayanan kawasan
pusat pelayanan kawasan#Indonesian

(government) Initialism of pusat pelayanan kawasan.

pejabat pembina kepegawaian
pejabat pembina kepegawaian#Indonesian

(government, management) Initialism of pejabat pembina kepegawaian.

petugas pelayanan kereta
petugas pelayanan kereta#Indonesian

(rail transport) Initialism of petugas pelayanan kereta.

panduan praktik klinis
panduan praktik klinis#Indonesian

(healthcare) Initialism of panduan praktik klinis (“clinical practice guideline”).


tromol

drum, various, often cylindrically shaped objects or components


rem tromol

From Dutch trommelrem (“drum brake”) as rem (“brake”) + tromol (“drum, cylinder”).


wahana

From Javanese ꦮꦲꦤ (wahana), from Old Javanese wāhana, from Sanskrit वाहन (vāhana), from वह् (vah), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *waźʰ-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *waȷ́ʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-. Doublet of wagon.

vehicle: a conveyance; a spacious device for carrying or transporting substances, objects, people or animals

(figurative) means: an instrument for attaining a purpose

ride: an amusement ridden at a fair or amusement park


bintang berekor

id-noun

bintang berekor (plural bintang-bintang berekor)

From Malay bintang berekor, probably reinforced by calque of Dutch staartster (literally “tail star”).


takraw

From Malay takraw, borrowed from Thai ตะกร้อ (dtà-grɔ̂ɔ). Attested before 1951.

(sports) a rattan ball used in the game sepak takraw


telepon genggam

Compound of telepon (“phone”) + genggam (“handheld”). Compare to Japanese 携帯電話 (keitaidenwa, “mobile phone”, literally “handheld telephone”), Korean 휴대전화 (hyudaejeonhwa, “mobile phone”, literally “handheld telephone”).


kuitansi

kuitansi-kuitansi (plural)
kutansi (alternative nonstandard)
kwetansi (alternative nonstandard)
kwitangsi (alternative nonstandard)
kwitansi (alternative)
kwitantie (alternative)

From earlier kwitansi, from Dutch kwitantie (“receipt”), Middle Dutch quitantie, from Old French quittance.


mitokondria

mitokondria-mitokondria (plural)
mitokondrion (alternative)

(cytology) mitochondrion: a spherical or ovoid organelle found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and containing genetic material separate from that of the host; it is responsible for the conversion of food to usable energy in the form of ATP


Maulana

Ultimately from Arabic مَوْلَانَا (mawlānā).


kerja sama

kerja-kerja sama (plural)
kerjasama (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

Compound of kerja (“work”) + sama (“together”), calque of Dutch samenwerking.


kosakata

Calque of Dutch woordenschat (“vocabulary”, literally “word treasure”) as kosa + kata (“word”). The word kosa is from Sanskrit कोश (kośa, “dictionary, lexicon, vocabulary, treasury, store”).

der

...kosakata Indonesia tjukuplah orang membandingkan ,,Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia„ tahun 1952 buatan W. J. S. Poerwadarminta dengan sebuah kamus buatan sebelum perang (misalnja kamus Klinkert atau Van Ronkel).

1957, Tardjan Hadidjaja, Asas-asas pendidikan bahasa ibu bagi anak Djawa, Ganaco:


perbendaharaan kata

id-noun

perbendaharaan kata (plural perbendaharaan-perbendaharaan kata)

Compound of perbendaharaan (“treasure”) + kata (“word”), calque of Dutch woordenschat (“vocabulary”, literally “word treasure”).


warsa

From Javanese ꦮꦂꦱ (warsa), probably derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer [Term?].


tahun kabisat

id-noun

tahun kabisat (plural tahun-tahun kabisat)

From tahun (“year”) + kabisat (“leap year”). Partial calque of Arabic سَنَة كَبِيسَة (sana(t) kabīsa).

partial calque

سَنَة كَبِيسَة


kabisat

Back-formation from tahun kabisat. Noun reanalyzed as from Arabic كَبِيسَة (kabīsa, “intercalary, leap”).


kitab suci

From kitab (“book, scripture”) + suci (“holy, sacred”).

compound

(religion) holy book, sacred writing, scripture


Alquran

From Arabic الْقُرْآن (al-qurʔān, “Qur'an”).

superseded spelling of Al-Qur'an (“Qur'an”).


kitab undang-undang hukum pidana

id-noun

kitab undang-undang hukum pidana (plural kitab-kitab undang-undang hukum pidana)

kitab-kitab undang-undang hukum pidana (plural)
KUHP (alternative initialism)

Compound of kitab (“book”) + undang-undang (“law, act”) + hukum (“law”) + pidana (“criminal, penal”), calque of Dutch wetboek van strafrecht (“criminal code”, literally “lawbook of criminal law”).

calque

(law) criminal code, penal code (Indonesia)


istibdad

der

اِسْتِبْدَاد


rezeki

rezeki-rezeki (plural)
rejeki (alternative)
rizeki (alternative)
rizki (alternative)

From Arabic رِزْقِ (rizqi), from Middle Persian 𐭫𐭥𐭰𐭩𐭪 (rōzīg, “sustenance, daily bread”), from Middle Persian lwcyk' (rōzīg, “daily bread, sustenance”), from 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (rōz [YWM], “day”), from Old Persian 𐎼𐎢𐎨 (raučah-, “day”), from Proto-Iranian *ráwčati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright, to shine, to see”).

daily wage, livelihood, subsistence, daily bread, nourishment, sustenance


syahadat

From Malay syahadat,
from Classical Malay syahadat, from Arabic شَهَادَات (šahādāt).

Arabic شَهَادَات (šahādāt)

Syahadat Rasul

(Islam) shahada, the basic Islamic creed

Syahadat Para Rasul

Syahadat Nikea Konstantinopel

creed
(Catholicism) the liturgical creed


anggar

* Inherited from Malay anggar, from Classical Malay اڠڬر (anggar), from Persian انگار (angâr, “to consider”).
* From Riau Malay [Term?] for the land size.


anggar

→ Sundanese: ᮃᮍ᮪ᮌᮁ (anggar, “fencing”)

From French en garde (“on guard”), the first phrase in three-command start when fencing, En garde! Prêts? Allez!.


Pebruari

(nonstandard) Nonstandard spelling of Februari.


anjan

stairs, whose footing is in the form of pieces of wood or bamboo arranged in a row and crosswise


koroner

koronèr (canonical)
koroner-koroner (plural)
koronari (alternative)

From Dutch coronair, from French coronaire, from Latin corōnārius.

(anatomy) coronary (pertaining to the coronary veins or arteries)


koroner

koronèr (canonical)
koroner-koroner (plural)

From English coroner, from Middle English coroner, from Old French curuner, from Medieval Latin custos placitorum coronae (“guardian of the crown's pleas”). The function was originally to protect royal properties.


pulang tongsan

From pulang (“to return, to go home”) + tongsan (“China”).


angkong

Ultimately from Hokkien 尪公 (ang-kong, “drawing of a person”), probably via Betawi angkong.

der

(Jakarta) a gambling game played with three cards


angsio

(cooking) a cooking style in which fish or meat is brazed in soy sauce


bocuan

From Hokkien 無賺 /无赚 (bô choán, literally “no profit”), as in 無 /无 (bô, “to not have”) + 賺 /赚 (choán, “to make a profit”).


cengli

From Hokkien 情理 (chêng-lí, “reason; sense”).


traktir

From Dutch trakteer, from French tracter, from Latin tracto.


membongmeh

From meng- + Hokkien 摸脈 /摸脉 (bong-me̍h, “to take someone's pulse”). Attested before 1985.


bujet

bujèt (canonical)
bujet-bujet (plural)
bajet (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

Probably via Dutch budget, ultimately from English budget, from Middle English bogett, bouget, bowgette (“leather pouch”), from Old French bougette, the diminutive of bouge (“leather bag, wallet”).

(Standard Malay)


botang

From Portuguese botão (“button”). Cognate with Japanese ボタン (botan, “button”).

(archaic) button, knob or small disc serving as a fastener


mancanegara

mancanêgara (canonical)
mancanegara-mancanegara (plural)

Affixed manca- + negara, from Javanese ꦩꦚ꧀ꦕꦤꦒꦫ (mancanagara, “outer provinces; overseas”), from Old Javanese mañcanagara, from Sanskrit मञ्च (mañca, “throne”) + नगर (nagara, “town, city”).


komisi

komisi-komisi (plural)
commissie (alternative)

From Dutch commissie (“commission”), from Old French commission, from Latin commissio (“sending together; commission”). Doublet of kamsen.

der

a body or group of people, officially tasked with carrying out a particular function

a fee charged by an agent or broker for carrying out a transaction

the thing to be done as agent for another


blangko

Borrowed from Dutch blanco, from Italian bianco.

belangko (alternative)
blanko (alternative)


blangko

blangko-blangko (plural)
belangko (alternative)
blanko (alternative)


formulir

From Dutch formulier, from French formulaire, from Latin formularium (“form (collection)”), itself from formula (diminutive of forma (“form, shape”)) + -arium (“-ary”). Doublet of formularium. Attested before 1928.

a standardized form, document to be filled in


borang

From Betawi borang, from Javanese ꦧꦺꦴꦫꦁ (borang, “bobby trap of sharpened bamboo”). Doublet of berak, boker.

(Jakarta) mine (a device intended to explode when stepped upon or touched, or when approached by a ship, vehicle, or person)


pelopor

pêlopor (canonical)
pelopor-pelopor (plural)

→ Dutch: plopper

From Dutch voorloper (“precursor, ancestor”, literally “before + runner”).


widyaiswara

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit विद्या (vidyā, “knowledge, science, scholarship”) + ईश्वर (īśvara, “master, capable of”).


Orde Baru

(historical, Indonesian politics) New Order, the political regime in Indonesia under Suharto


tabelaris

tabêlaris (canonical)
tabelaris-tabelaris (plural)

From Dutch tabulaire (“tabular”), from French tabulaire (“tabular”).


dokumen

dokumèn (canonical)
dokumen-dokumen (plural)

→ Tetum: dokumén

From Dutch document, from Latin documentum.

an original or official paper used as the basis, proof, or support of anything else, including any writing, book, or other instrument conveying information pertinent to such proof or support

any material substance on which the information is represented by writing

document
(computing) a file that contains text

(information science) an object conveying information by whatever means, capable of being indexed alongside other similar objects


rekayasa

rékayasa (canonical)
rekayasa-rekayasa (plural)

From Javanese ꦫꦺꦏꦪꦱ (rekayasa), from Sanskrit रेखा (rekhā, “drawing, sketch”) + यशस् (yaśas, “glory, honour, splendor”). Coined by Indonesian linguist Anton Moedardo Moeliono.

coinage

(figurative) fabrication, plot, conspiracy, scheme


parau

From Malay parau, from Proto-Austronesian *paʀaw (“hoarse”).


inventaris

inventaris-inventaris (plural)
inventori (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch inventaris (“inventory”), from Late Latin inventārium, from Latin inveniō (“to find out”).

bor+

(business, management) the stock of an item on hand at a particular location or business

(business, management) a detailed list of all of the items on hand


majelis

majêlis (canonical)
majelis-majelis (plural)
madjelis (alternative)
majlis (alternative nonstandard)
majilis (alternative nonstandard)
majlis (alternative)

From Malay majlis, majelis, from Classical Malay مجليس (majlis), مجليس (majelis), from Arabic مَجْلِس (majlis). Semantic loan from Dutch college.

college: a collegial board, either advisory (committee) or as an authority


duane

From Dutch douane, from French douane, from Medieval Latin doana, dovana, from Andalusian Arabic *دُوَان (*duwān), an alteration of the Arabic دِيوَان (dīwān), from Persian دیوان (divân). Doublet of dewan.

(rare) customs (office that taxes imported goods)


asumsi

From Dutch assumptie, from Medieval Latin assumptio (“a taking up (into heaven)”) and Latin assumptio (“a taking up, adoption, the minor proposition of a syllogism”).


minyak bumi

Compound of minyak (“oil”) + bumi (“earth”), calque of Dutch aardolie (“petroleum”, literally “earth oil”).


kerosin

kérosin (canonical)
kerosin-kerosin (plural)
kerosena (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Dutch kerosine (“kerosene”), from English kerosene.


minyak tanah

id-noun

minyak tanah (plural minyak-minyak tanah)

minyak-minyak tanah (plural)
mita (alternative)

Compound of minyak (“oil”) + tanah (“earth”),
calque of Dutch aardolie (“petroleum”, literally “earth oil”).


gas bumi

Compound of gas (“gas”) + bumi (“earth”), a calque of Dutch aardgas (“natural gas”, literally “earth gas”).


gas alam

Compound of gas (“gas”) + alam (“nature”), a calque of English natural gas.


stasiun

stasiun-stasiun (plural)
setasiun (alternative)
stesen (alternative)

From Dutch station, from French station, from Old French estation, estacion, from Latin stātiō, stātiōnem. Doublet of stase and stasi.

(road transport, rail transport) place where a vehicle may stop

(telecommunications) broadcasting place or entity


tewas

Inherited from Malay تيواس (tewas, “lost; defeat; etc.”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">tewas</i>


prasmanan

Possibly borrowed via Betawi, analysed as *prasman + -an.
The reconstructed lexeme *prasman is, in turn, possibly a borrowing from Dutch Fransman (“Frenchman”). Alluding to service à la française, from which the buffet is derived.


analisis

analisis-analisis (plural)
ajar (root)
menganalisis (active nominative)
teranalisis (nominative passive)
dianalisis (nominative passive)
analisislah (nominative)
menganalisiskan (active)
dianalisiskan (passive)
analisiskan
analisiskanlah
analisa (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin analysis (“analysis”), from Medieval Latin analysis, from Ancient Greek ἀνάλυσις (análusis), from ἀναλύω (analúō, “I unravel, investigate”), from ἀνά (aná, “on, up”) + λύω (lúō, “I loosen”). Compare to Malay analisis.


analisis

head

analisis (active menganalisis, reflexive passive teranalisis, ordinary passive dianalisis, imperative analisis, emphatic-jussive analisislah)

menganalisis (active)
teranalisis (passive reflexive)
analisis (imperative)
analisa (alternative)


survei

survéi (canonical)
survei-survei (plural)
survai (alternative nonstandard)
survey (alternative nonstandard)

From English survey, from Middle English surveyen, from Old French sourveoir, surveer, from sour-, sur- (“over”) + veoir, veeir (“to see”), from Latin videre.


efektif

From Dutch effectief (“effective”), from French effectif, from Latin effectīvus (“productive; effective”), from efficiō (“I make; I bring about”).

der

(treatment)

effective,
producing a decided or decisive effect


literasi

litêrasi (canonical)
literasi-literasi (plural)

From English literacy (influenced by French littératie and Dutch -tie).

the ability to understand and evaluate something

the use of letters to represent sounds or words


animasi

→ Malay: animasi

From Dutch animatie (“animation”), from Latin animatio. Doublet of aeni and anime.

animation: the technique of making inanimate objects or drawings appear to move in motion pictures or computer graphics; the object (film, computer game, etc.) so produced


zat air

Compound of zat (“substance”) + air (“water”), calque of Dutch waterstof.


lonte

Borrowed from Javanese lonthé, from Dutch lonntje.

(slang, offensive, colloquial) prostitute


sketsa

skètsa (canonical)
sketsa-sketsa (plural)

From Dutch schetsje, the diminutive of schets, from Italian schizzo, from Latin schedium, from Ancient Greek σχέδιος (skhédios, “made suddenly, off-hand”), from σχεδόν (skhedón, “near, nearby”), from ἔχω (ékhō, “I hold”).


presidensial

prèsidènsial (canonical)
presidentil (alternative)


presidentil

prèsidèntil (canonical)
presidensiil (alternative)
presidensil (alternative)

From Dutch presidentieel (“presidential”), from French présidentiel.

Sebelum adanya Perubahan UUD 1945, sistem pemerintahan yang dianut tidak sepenuhnya sistem presidentil.

Before Amandement of the 1945 constitution, the government system did not fully follow the presidential system.


bemper

bèmpêr (canonical)
bemper-bemper (plural)


privilese

privilésê (canonical)
privilese-privilese (plural)

From Dutch privilege (“privilege”), from French privilège (“privilege”), from Old French privilege, from Latin prīvilēgium (“ordinance or law against or in favor of an individual”), from prīvus (“private”) + lēx, lēg- (“law”).


rumah tahanan

id-noun

rumah tahanan (plural rumah-rumah tahanan)

rumah-rumah tahanan (plural)
roemah tahanan (alternative)
rutan (alternative abbreviation acronym acronym)

Compound of rumah (“house”) + tahanan (“prison, inmate”), calque of Dutch gevangenhuis (“prison”). Compare with Japanese 牢屋 (“prison”, literally “prison house”) or 獄屋 (“prison”, literally “prison house”).

noncog

Roemah sakit jang lama di Semarang bakal dirombak djadi roemah tahanan orang gila.

(law) detention center or centre; prison


hotel prodeo

id-noun

hotel prodeo (plural hotel-hotel prodeo)

Compound of hotel (“hotel”) + prodeo (“free, gratis”).


pailit

From Dutch failliet (“bankrupt”), from French faillite (“bankruptcy, failure”), from Italian fallita.

Banyak pabrik tekstil domestik yang pailit karena kalah saing dengan tekstil impor Cina yang lebih murah.

A lot of domestic textile factories went bankrupt because they are unable to compete with their cheaper Chinese counterparts.


perwira

pêrwira (canonical)
perwira-perwira (plural)

From Malay perwira, from Malay perwira (“hero; brave”), from Sanskrit प्रवीर (pravīra). Doublet of prawira.


opsir

From Dutch officier, from Middle Dutch officier (“official”), from Old French officier, from Latin officiārius.


sekip

From Dutch schiet, schieten (“shoot”), from Middle Dutch schieten, from Old Dutch skietan, from Proto-Germanic *skeutaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd-. Cognate to Afrikaans skiet (“shoot”).


alat vital

From alat (“equipment”) + vital (“vital”).


aplus

From Dutch aflos, 1st person singular subordinate present form of aflossen (“to relieve from a position or post”).


bejibun

From ber- + jibun, from Hokkien 十分 (si̍p-hun, “absolutely”, literally “ten out of ten”). Cognate to Japanese 十分 (jūbun, “plenty”).


pering

pêring (canonical)
pering-pering (plural)

From Proto-Austronesian *periŋ (“bamboo”). Cognate with Javanese ꦥꦿꦶꦁ (pring, “bamboo”).

(dialectal or obsolete) Synonym of bambu


bekles

bèklès (canonical)
bekles-bekles (plural)


beol

(colloquial, slang, figurative) to lie, to tell falsehood, to tell shit


berkat

Inherited from Malay برکة (berkat), from Arabic بَارَكَ (bāraka, “to bless, to sanction”). Semantic loan from Javanese ꦧꦼꦂꦏꦠ꧀ (berkat) for sense
food or something to take home after the feast. Doublet of berkah.

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">berkat</i>

sl

blessing (divine or supernatural aid or reward)

blessing (pronouncement invoking divine aid)

(Java) food (usually rice and side dishes) or something to take home after the feast in Javanese tradition


sutradara

From Sanskrit सूत्रधार (sūtradhāra, literally “thread-holder”).


kembang kol

id-noun

kêmbang kol (plural kembang-kembang kol)

kêmbang kol (canonical)
kembang-kembang kol (plural)

Compound of kembang + kol, partial calque of Dutch bloemkool.


bunga kol

Compound of bunga + kol, partial calque of Dutch bloemkool.


brompit

From Dutch bromfiets (“moped”), from brommen (“buzz”) + fiets (“bicycle”).


bujeter

bujètèr (canonical)
bujeter-bujeter (plural)

From Dutch budgettair, from French budgétaire.


Orde Lama

From orde + lama, literally, “Old Order”, coined as a retroactive reference to the New Order (Orde Baru) under Suharto.

(historical, Indonesian politics) the political regime in Indonesia under Sukarno


Atjeh

(1901–1947, 1947–1972) Superseded spelling of Aceh.


capcai

capcai-capcai (plural)
capcay (alternative)

From Hokkien 雜菜／杂菜 (cha̍p-chhài, literally “mixed vegetables”).


capek

capék (canonical)
capai (alternative formal)
cape (alternative colloquial)

From Javanese capek (ꦕꦥꦺꦏ꧀, “tired”). Doublet of capai.


buku harian

Compound of buku (“book”) + harian (“daily”), partial calque of Dutch dagboek (“diary”, literally “day book”).

partial calque

diary (a daily log of experiences, especially those of the writer)

a diary or daily record of a person, organization, vessel etc.

Dalam proses akuntansinya juga sama, yaitu dimulai dari analisis dokumen, kemudian pencatatan dalam buku harian, klasifikasi dan peringkasan lewat buku besar dan buku tambahan; kemudian diakhiri dengan penyusunan laporan keuangan.

2020, Buku Govermental Accounting (Akuntansi Pemerintahan), Deepublish, →ISBN, page 21:

The accounting process is the same, starting with document analysis, then recording in a journal, classification and summarisation through ledgers and supplementary books; then ending with the preparation of financial statements.

(accounting) a chronological record of payments or receipts


dorslah

From Dutch doorslag, from Middle Dutch dōreslach.


dugem

Blend of dunia (“world”) + gemerlap (“sparkling”), referring to the glimmer of disco balls.

blend

(colloquial, acronym) nightlife, referring to clubbing scenes and discotheques


dugem

(colloquial) to club, visiting the nightlife


eksit

From English exit, from Latin exit or exitus.


kerkop

kêrkop (canonical)
kerkop-kerkop (plural)

From Dutch kerkhof (“cemetery”, literally “churchyard”), from Middle Dutch kerchof.


kensel

From English cancel, from Middle English cancellen, from Anglo-Norman canceler (“to cross out with lines”), from Latin cancellare (“to make resemble a lattice”), from cancelli (“a railing or lattice”), diminutive of cancer (“a lattice”).


katering

katêring (canonical)
katering-katering (plural)

(colloquial) catering, the business of providing food and related services


jasa boga

From compound of jasa (“service”) + boga (“food”), a calque of English foodservice.


permak

(colloquial, standard) to adjust, to restore


onslah

(colloquial) firing, sacking (termination of the employment)


parkir

memarkir (used-in-the-form)
parkir (root)
memarkir (active nominative)
terparkir (nominative passive)
diparkir (nominative passive)
parkir (nominative)
parkirlah (nominative)
memarkirkan (active)
terparkirkan (passive)
diparkirkan (passive)
parkirkan
parkirkanlah
memperparkirkan (active causative)
terperparkirkan (causative passive)
diperparkirkan (causative passive)
perparkirkan (causative)
perparkirkanlah (causative)

→ Malay: parkir

Borrowed from Dutch parkeer, parkeren (“to park, halt and leave a vehicle in a spot”), from French parquer.

bor+

(transitive) to park, halt and leave a vehicle in a spot


prahoto

prahoto-prahoto (plural)
prah (alternative)

From Dutch vrachtauto (“truck (US), lorry (UK)”).

bor

truck (US), lorry (UK) (a cargo truck, not a passenger truck (bus))


praja

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦿꦗ (praja, “kingdom, realm; court; capital city”), from Old Javanese prajā (“all subjects, country, realms”), from Sanskrit प्रजा (prajā, “subject of a king, rule”).

der

(colloquial) civil servant, pamong praja

(colloquial) the candidate of pamong praja, who are educated by Ministry of Home Affairs (Indonesia)


haminte

hamintê (canonical)
haminte-haminte (plural)
geminte (alternative)

(archaic) Synonym of kota praja (“township”)


realisasi

rèalisasi (canonical)
realisasi-realisasi (plural)

From Dutch realisatie, from French réalisation.

(colloquial) reality, state of being actual or real


rileks

From English relax, from Old French relaxer, from Latin relaxāre (“relax, loosen, open”).


sakelek

From Dutch zakelijk, from Middle Dutch sākelijc. Cognate of Afrikaans saaklik. Doublet of saklek.


skedul

skèdul (canonical)
skedul-skedul (plural)

From English schedule, from Old French cedule (whence French cédule), from Late Latin schedula (“papyrus strip”), diminutive of Latin scheda, from Ancient Greek σχέδη (skhédē, “papyrus leaf”).


sif

sif-sif (plural)
شيف (syif) (alternative)

From English shift, from Middle English schiften, from Old English sċiftan (“to divide, separate into shares; appoint, ordain; arrange, organise”), from Proto-Germanic *skiftijaną, *skiptijaną, for earlier *skipatjaną (“to organise, put in order”), from Proto-Indo-European *skeyb- (“to separate, divide, part”), from Proto-Indo-European *skēy- (“to cut, divide, separate, part”).


smokel

smokêl (canonical)
smokel-smokel (plural)

From Dutch smokkel, smokkelen, from a frequentative form of Middle Dutch smūken (“to act secretly, be sneaky”), from Proto-Germanic *smeuganą (“to creep; slip through or into”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mewk-, *smewg- (“to slip, glide; be slimy”).


sekop

From Dutch schop (“shovel”), from Middle Dutch schoppe, from Old Dutch *skuppa, from Proto-Germanic *skupjō.

shovel: A hand tool with a handle, used for moving portions of material such as earth, snow, and grain from one place to another, with some forms also used for digging

a garden tool with a handle and a flat blade for digging

(card games) a playing card marked with the symbol ♠

spade:
a playing card marked with the symbol ♠


waslap

From Dutch waslap (“washcloth”), from was (“wash”) + lap (“rag, patch”).


swapraja

From swa- (“self”) + praja (“city, town”, literally “realm; court”), calque of Dutch zelfbestuur. First attested in the Federal Constitution of 1949.

prefix

(historical, government) autonomous area


wolanda

From Portuguese Holanda, from Old Dutch holt lant (“wood land”).


wiyata

From Javanese wiyata, from Old Javanese wiyata, from Sanskrit व्यात्त (vyātta, “opened, vast”).


wiweka

From Javanese ꦮꦶꦮꦺꦏ (wiwéka), from Sanskrit विवेक (viveka).


wiweka

wiwéka (canonical)
wiweka-wiweka (plural)


sositet

sositèt (canonical)
sositet-sositet (plural)

From Dutch sociëteit (“society”), from Old French societé, from Latin societās, societātem (“fellowship, association, alliance, union, community”), from socius (“associated, allied; partner, companion, ally”), from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷ-yo- (“companion”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”).


duta besar

duta bêsar (canonical)
dubes (alternative abbreviation acronym acronym)

Compound of duta (“representative”) + besar (“great”).


mahaduta

From maha- (“great”) + duta (“representative”).

af

(archaic) Synonym of duta besar (“ambassador”)


klerek

klérêk (canonical)
klerek-klerek (plural)

From Dutch klerk (“clerk”), from Late Latin clēricus (“a priest, clergyman, cleric, also generally a learned man, clerk”), from Ancient Greek κληρικός (klērikós, “(adj. in church jargon) of the clergy”), from κλῆρος (klêros, “lot, inheritance,” originally “a shard used in casting lots”).

der

(archaic) clerk, one working with records etc