premium

Learned borrowing from Latin praemium (“prize”). Doublet of premi.

lbor

a premium: money paid for e.g. an insurance

Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Strategis Nasional mencatat rata-rata harga gula pasir kualitas premium (per kg) harian di pasar modern di beberapa provinsi telah menyentuh angka Rp 14,33 ribu per kg.

The National Strategic Food Price Information Center noted that the average daily price of premium quality granulated sugar (per kg) in modern markets in several provinces has reach the figure of Rp. 14.33 thousand per kg.

something premium (superior in quality; higher in price or value)

Bensin dengan merek Premium (RON 88) yang dijual PT Pertamina (Persero) dan Revvo 89 (RON 89) yang dijual PT Vivo Energy Indonesia tidak boleh lagi dijual mulai tahun depan.

Gasoline of Pertamina's Premium and Vivo's Revvo 89 cannot be sold from next year.

(colloquial) Pertamina's petrol or gasoline product with octane rating of 88.

Pemerintah batal menghapuskan Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) jenis bensin dengan nilai oktan (RON) 88 alias Premium dari pasaran.

Government cancel the abolishment of fuel (BBM) with an octane rating (RON) of 88 or Premium from the market.


bumper

bumpêr (canonical)
bamper (alternative nonstandard)
bemper (alternative nonstandard)

From Dutch bumper, from English bumper, from bump + -er.

bumper (parts at the front and back of a vehicle which are meant to absorb the impact of a collision)


abab

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦧꦧ꧀ (abab), from Old Javanese abab (“breathing, exhaling”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *epap (“clap, flap, slap”).


parabola

Learned borrowing from New Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ). Doublet of parabel.

lbor

(geometry) parabola (the locus of points equidistant from a fixed point and line)

(colloquial) satellite dish (a parabolic antenna)

satellite television
satellite television

(by metonymy, colloquial) satellite television (subscription)


mil

From Dutch mijl, from Middle Dutch mile, ultimately from Latin mīlia.

English or American mile, a unit of distance equivalent to about 1.6 km

(historical) mijl, Dutch mile or league, a unit of distance equivalent to about 5–6 km


mil

From English mail, from Middle English male, from Anglo-Norman male, Old French male (“bag, wallet”), from Frankish *malha (“bag”), from Proto-Germanic *malhō (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-Indo-European *molko- (“leather pouch”).

der

(colloquial) mail: the material conveyed by the postal service


dinas

From Dutch dienst (“service”), from Middle Dutch dienst, from Old Dutch *thionost, from Proto-Germanic *þewanōstaz, *þewanōną, from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, be fluid, flow”).

Dinas Pendidikan

Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran


arena

From Dutch arena, from Latin arēna (“sand, arena”), from an earlier *hasēna (compare Sabine fasēna), possibly from Etruscan.

the building housing such an area; specifically, a very large, often round building, often topped with a dome, designated for indoor sporting or other major events, such as concerts

(figurative) a realm in which events take place; an area of interest, study, behaviour, etc.


oval

Internationalism, ultimately derived from Medieval Latin ovālis.


digitalis

Internationalism, borrowed from English digitalis, from Latin digitālis (“of the fingers”) (named in reference to the German common name for the plant, Fingerhut (“thimble”)).

Digitalis purpurea
Digitalis purpurea#Translingual

(medicine, cardiology, pharmacology) digitalis: a medical extract of Digitalis purpurea prescribed for heart failure etc


ILO

infeksi luka operasi
infeksi luka operasi#Indonesian

(surgery) Acronym of infeksi luka operasi (“surgical wound infection”).


halo

Borrowed from Dutch hallo. Compare Malay helo.


momentum

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin mōmentum.

(mechanics) of a body in motion: the tendency of a body to maintain its inertial motion; the product of its mass and velocity, or the vector sum of the products of its masses and velocities


Simon

From Latin Simon, from Ancient Greek Σίμων (Símōn), from Biblical Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן (šimʿōn, “hearkening”).

(biblical) Simon: Name of any of a number of men in the New Testament, notably the original name of Apostle Peter


Uni Soviet

Soviet Union
Soviet Union#English:_Q15180

(historical) Soviet Union (A former transcontinental country in Europe and Asia (1922–1991), now split into Russia and 14 other countries)


status

a person’s condition, position or standing relative to that of others

a function of some instant messaging applications, whereby a user may post a message that appears automatically to other users, if they attempt to make contact

Kegiatan audit dilakukan oleh kepala ruangan pada status pasien yang telah pulang atau meninggal.

2020, Nurman Hidaya, Alfianur, Fitriya Handayani, Manajemen dan Kepemimpinan dalam Keperawatan, Indramayu: Adab, →ISBN:

Audit was done by ward leader on discharged or death patient's medical record.

Suster April menyerahkan status pasien dengan nama Savannah Wiradinata.

2018, Anita Daniel, Secangkir Kopi di Sudut Rumah Sakit, Sleman: Diandra Kreatif:

Nurse April brought Savannah Wiradinata's medical record.

(healthcare) a medical file, medical record


nominal

From Dutch nominaal, from French nominal, from Latin nominalis.

(grammar) of or relating to a noun or word group that functions as a noun


horizon

From Dutch horizon, from Latin horizōn, from Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn), from ὅρος (hóros, “boundary”).

the visible horizontal line or point (in all directions) that appears to connect the Earth to the sky

(geoglogy) a specific layer of soil or strata

horizon:
a specific layer of soil or strata


raga

Inherited from Malay raga, from Classical Malay raga (“body”), from Javanese ꦫꦒ (raga), from Old Javanese rāga (“body, lust”), from Pali राग (rāga, “attachment, lust”), from Sanskrit राग (rāga, “passion, desire”). Doublet of ragi and ragam.

jiwa raga; jiwa dan raga


raga

Inherited from Malay raga (“basket”), from Old Javanese raga (“woven basket, wicker basket”).


raga

Inherited from Malay raga (“rattan ball”)


artisan

From French artisan, from Vulgar Latin *artītiānus, from Latin artītus (“skilled”), past participle of artiō (“I instruct in arts”), from ars (“art, skill”).


gul

Borrowed from Classical Persian گُل (gul, “flower, rose”).


gula

From Malay gula, from Sanskrit गुल (gula, “unrefined sugar, molasses”).


bunker

bunkêr (canonical)
bunker-bunker (plural)
bungker (alternative)
bangker (alternative)
banker (alternative)

From Dutch bunker, from English bunker, from German Bunker.

(military) a hardened shelter, often buried partly or fully underground, designed to protect the inhabitants from falling bombs or other attacks

(nautical) a container for storing coal or fuel oil for a ship's engine


biner

From Dutch binair (“binary”), from French binaire, from Latin bīnārius.

binary (being in one of two mutually exclusive states; such as on or off, true or false, molten or frozen, or presence or absence)

(logic) binary (concerning logic whose subject matter concerns binary states)

(arithmetic, computing) binary (concerning numbers and calculations using the binary number system)


Clara

Clara Bernadeth, b. 1994


LP

lembaga pemasyarakatan
lembaga pemasyarakatan#Indonesian


adapter

adaptêr (canonical)
adapter-adapter (plural)


adaptor

adaptor-adaptor (plural)
adapter (alternative)

Perhaps from English adaptor with the pronunciation adapted with the orthography.

adapter (one who adapts well, or adapts something)

adapter (a device used to allow compatibility)


optimum

Borrowed from Dutch optimum, from Latin optimus (“best, very good”), from the root or in ops (“work”), omnis (“all”).


optimum

(biology) optimum: the best or most favorable condition, or the greatest amount or degree possible under specific sets of comparable circumstances


pagoda

From Portuguese pagode, which is via Tamil, from Sanskrit भगवती (bhagavatī, name of a goddess) or भागवत (bhāgavata, “follower of Bhagavatī”).

pagoda: a religious building in South and Southeast Asia, especially a multi-storey tower erected as a Hindu or Buddhist temple


vital

From Dutch vitaal, from Middle French vital, from Latin vītālis.

(medicine) necessary to the continuation of life; being the seat of life; being that on which life depends

informasi vital


folklore

Alternative spelling of folklor (“folklore”)


décolleté

Unadapted borrowing from French décolleté (“cleavage, low neckline”).

ubor

décolleté (having a low neckline that reveals the cleavage)


retina

rétina (canonical)
retina-retina (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch retina, from Medieval Latin rētina, the diminutive form of Latin rēte (“net”), probably from Vulgar Latin tunica retina (literally “net-like tunic”), used to describe the blood vessel system at the back of the eye.

der

(ophthalmology) retina: the thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball that contains rods and cones sensitive to light, which trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain, where a visual image is formed


banda

banda-banda (plural)
bandha (alternative)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦤ꧀ꦝ (bandha), from Old Javanese bhāṇḍa (“goods, wares, merchandise”), from Sanskrit भाण्ड (bhāṇḍa, “good”). Doublet of benda.


banda

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦤ꧀ꦢ (banda), from Old Javanese bandha, baddha (“band, tie, chain”), from Sanskrit बन्ध (bandha, “binding, tying, fetter, bond”).


mulai

Inherited from Malay mulai. Equivalent to mula + -i. Compare also Betawi mulain, Musi mula'i.


folder

foldêr (canonical)
folder-folder (plural)

(computing) folder (a virtual container in a computer's file system)

folder (an organizer that papers are kept in)


gi

From Hindi घी (ghī) or Urdu گھی (ghī), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀖𑀺𑀤 (ghida), from Sanskrit घृत (ghṛtá). Cognate of English ghee.


aura

From English aura, from Latin aura (“a breeze, a breath of air, the air”), from Ancient Greek αὔρα (aúra, “breeze, soft wind”), from ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”).

an invisible force surrounding a living creature

(medicine) perceptual disturbance experienced by some migraine sufferers before a migraine headache

(medicine) telltale sensation experienced by some people with epilepsy before a seizure


au revoir

Unadapted borrowing from French au revoir (“au revoir; goodbye”)


enema

Learned borrowing from Latin enema, from Ancient Greek ἔνεμα (énema, “injection”), ἐνίημι (eníēmi, “to send in, inject”).


paham

Etymology tree
Arabic فَهْم (fahm)bor.
Malay faham
Indonesian paham
From Malay faham, from Arabic فَهْم (fahm).

etymon

(uncountable) the act of understanding or comprehension

(countable) Reason or intelligence; ability to grasp the full meaning of knowledge; ability to infer

(countable) Opinion, judgement, or outlook

understanding
Opinion, judgement, or outlook

(countable) view (a way of understanding something)


paham

(transitive or intransitive) to understand

(usually intransitive) (of communication, language, or other means of communication: words, statements, signs, etc.) To know the meaning of; to parse or have parsed correctly; to comprehend

(of a skill, task, profession, etc.) to be thoroughly familiar with; to be able to undertake properly

(usually transitive) to comprehend a fact or principle; to regard or come to regard a belief as such

(usually intransitive) to know the causes of or reasons for

to understand
to know the causes of or reasons for

to comprehend or grasp (particular matters or concepts); to have comprehension (in general)


museum

museum-museum (plural)
musium (alternative)
muzium (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

Inherited from Malay museum, from Dutch museum, from Latin museum, from Ancient Greek Μουσεῖον (Mouseîon, “a shrine of the Muses”).

der

museum: a building or institution dedicated to the acquisition, conservation, study, exhibition, and educational interpretation of objects having scientific, historical, cultural or artistic value


metropolitan

Borrowed from English metropolitan, from Late Latin metropolitanus, from Ancient Greek μητροπολίτης (mētropolítēs).

μητροπολίτης


metropolitan

μητροπολίτης


di mana

Compound of di (“in”) + mana (“where”), from Malay di mana.

Kau sedang di mana?


di mana

Aku berada di tempat di mana matahari jarang terbenam.

I am at the place where the sun rarely sets.

Di mana ada gula, ada semut.

(nonstandard) where; at or in which place or situation


ke mana

Mau ke mana?


yang mana

Baju yang mana mesti kupakai?


wagon

wagon-wagon (plural)
wahon (alternative)

From Dutch wagon, from English wagon, from Middle Dutch wagen, from Old Dutch wagan, from Proto-Germanic *wagnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *woǵʰnos, from *weǵʰ-. Doublet of wahana.

car (a railway carriage, a nonpowered unit in a railroad train)


aerosol

aérosol (canonical)
aerosol-aerosol (plural)


trauma

From Dutch trauma, from Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

trauma:
an event that causes great distress

(psychology, psychiatry) an emotional wound leading to psychological injury

(surgery, traumatology) any serious injury to the body, often resulting from violence or an accident


babka

Borrowed from English babka, most likely from Yiddish באַבקע (babke), from Slavic.

(cooking) babka: a Central and Eastern European coffee cake flavored with orange rind, rum, almonds, and raisins


barometer

Borrowed from Dutch barometer, from English barometer.

an instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure

(figuratively) anything used as a gauge or indicator

barometer
anything used as a gauge or indicator


genesis

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek γένεσις (génesis, “origin, source, beginning, nativity, generation, production, creation”).

lbor

genesis: the origin, start, or point at which something comes into being


diploma

From Dutch diploma, from Latin diploma, from Ancient Greek δίπλωμα (díplōma, “folded paper, license”), from διπλόω (diplóō, “I double, fold over”), from διπλόος (diplóos, “double”).

der

a document issued by an educational institution testifying that the recipient has earned a degree or has successfully completed a particular course of study

sekolah menengah kejuruan
sekolah menengah kejuruan#Indonesian

(education) a qualification level of a higher level of vocational training than sekolah menengah kejuruan up to an equivalent level of bachelor's degree


edema

édéma (canonical)
edema-edema (plural)
edem (alternative)
édəma (alternative)
udem (alternative)
udêma (alternative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin edema, from Ancient Greek οἴδημα (oídēma, “swelling”), οἰδέω (oidéō, “I swell”).

(pathology) edema, oedema: An excessive accumulation of serum in tissue spaces or a body cavity


mentor

Borrowed from Dutch mentor, from French mentor, from Ancient Greek Μέντωρ (Méntōr).


patriot

From Dutch patriot, from Middle French patriote, from Latin patriōta, from Ancient Greek πατριώτης (patriṓtēs).

patriot: a person who loves and zealously supports and defends their country


karma

From Sanskrit कर्म (karma), कर्मन् (karman), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kárma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kárma, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma,

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) the sum total of a person's actions, which determine the person's next incarnation in samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth

a force or law of nature which causes one to reap what one sows; destiny; fate


sutra

From Malay sutera, sutra, from Classical Malay سوترا (sutera), سوترا (sutra), from Sanskrit सूत्र (sūtra, “thread, fibre”).


yoni

yoni: The vulva or vagina, or a symbol of them, especially as an object of veneration within certain types of Hinduism, Buddhism, and other cultures


mandala

From Malay mandala,
from Classical Malay mandala, from Sanskrit मण्डल (maṇḍala, “circle”).

(obsolete) territory of religious institutions

(obsolete) circle, a territorial division or district

(Hinduism, Buddhism) a graphic depiction of the spiritual universe and its myriad realms and deities

(Hinduism, Buddhism) any ritualistic geometric design, symbolic of the Universe, used as an aid to meditation


durian

durian-durian (plural)
duren (alternative colloquial)

Reconstructed as duri (“thorn, spike”) + -an, inherited from Malay durian, from Proto-Malayic *duri-an, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi-an.


bangle

Borrowed from Javanese banglé. Doublet of bonglai.

Cassumunar ginger (Zingiber montanum, syn. Zingiber cassumunar)


rig

Borrowed from English rig, from Early Modern English rygge, probably of North Germanic origin.

(mining) the special apparatus used for drilling wells


ombudsman

Borrowed from English ombudsman, from Swedish ombudsman (equivalent to ombud (“representative, proxy”) + man), from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.

an appointed official whose duty is to investigate complaints, generally on behalf of individuals such as consumers or taxpayers, against institutions such as companies and government departments

a designated internal mediator in an organization whose duty is to assist members with conflict resolution and other problems and to serve as an independent consultant to recommend changes to policies or procedures to improve organization effectiveness, efficiency, and humaneness


sprint

(sports) sprint: a short race at top speed


abur

Inherited from Malay abur, from Classical Malay ابور (abur), from Javanese ꦲꦮꦸꦂ (awur, “to do haphazardly or without basis”), and Old Javanese awur (“confused, mixed up together, hard to distinguish clearly”). Doublet of abor and awur.


animo

From Dutch animo, from Italian animo, from Latin animus.


eks-

From Dutch ex-, from French ex-, from Latin ex-, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ-, *eǵs- (“out”), *eǵʰs.


-er-

suling + -er- → seruling

gigi (“tooth”) + -er- → gerigi (“serration, serrature”)

something which has, contains, or is characteristic

gesek (“swipe”) + -er- → geresek (“scratch”)

repeated, having repetition, or continuous

kontang (“dry”) + -er- → kerontang (“parched”)


-i

head

-i (non-active/imperative/basic -i, active meng- -i, passive di- -i)

Inherited from Malay -i, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-i (local transitive suffix)

inh

verbal suffix for manipulating, completing, or placing the object from a noun

transitive verbal suffix for causation in surface of the object from an adjective

transitive verbal suffix for doing activity to the object from a transitive verb

Hormati orang tua!

transitive locative imperative verbal suffix from a noun:

kuliti

Sutradarai film ini!

transitive adverbial imperative verbal suffix from a noun: to act as/be [base] with reference to object


-i

-iah (alternative)
-ni (alternative)
-wi (alternative)
-wiah (alternative)

From Malay -i, from Arabic nisba suffix ـِيّ (-iyy).

adjective suffix (with the meaning “related to ...”)


-is

strategis

pragmatis

praktis

psikologis


-is

anarkis

jurnalis


pra-

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese pra-, from Sanskrit प्र- (pra-), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pra-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-.

lbor

prasekolah

prasejarah

prakata

pre-, before; earlier in time; beforehand


baki

→ Javanese: ꦧꦏꦶ (baki)

→ Ternate: baki

From Dutch bakje, diminutive form of bak.


baki

From Malay baki, from Arabic بَقَاء (baqāʔ).


pita

Inherited from Malay pita, from Portuguese fita, from Latin vitta.

(physics, computing) a part of the electromagnetic spectrum

band
a part of the electromagnetic spectrum


bela

Inherited from Malay بلا (bela, “advocate, defend, avenge”), from Old Javanese bela (“be prepared to die with another person, die for and with another person”), welā (“limit of time, period, hour, last hour, hour of death”), from Sanskrit वेला (velā, “point, time, end”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">bela</i>


bela

béla (canonical)
bela (root)
membela (active nominative)
dibela (nominative passive)
bela (nominative)
belalah (nominative)
membelai (active)
dibelai (passive)
belai
belailah
membelakan (active)
dibelakan (passive)
belakan
belakanlah

to look after (used in the form membela)


bela

inter-tribal oath to resolve problems in the West Pantar region, Alor Regency


bela

to drive the animals out of the garden together


bela

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦭ (bala, “supporter; army; strength”), from Old Javanese bala (“strength”), borrowed from Sanskrit बल (bala, “power, strength”). Doublet of bala.


anti

Borrowed from English anti, from conversion of the prefix anti- to an adjective.


bruto

From Dutch bruto, from Italian brutto, bruto, from Latin brūtus, from Oscan, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us. Compare with Indonesian brutal.

, kasar (Standard Malay)

gross, excluding any deductions; including all associated amounts


bubo

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin būbō, from Ancient Greek βουβών (boubṓn, “groin, swelling”).


bunting

Inherited from Malay bunting. Compare Tagalog buntis.

(somewhat vulgar, usually of animals only) to be pregnant, to get pregnant


Saturnus

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch Saturnus, from Latin Saturnus.

(astronomy) the sixth planet of the solar system, known for its large rings, and until recent times the furthest known; represented in astronomy and astrology by ♄

(Roman mythology) the god of fertility and agriculture, equivalent to the Greek Kronos


Merkurius

From Dutch Mercurius, from Latin Mercurius.

(rare)

(astronomy) the planet in the solar system with the closest orbit to the Sun, named after the god; represented by ☿

(Roman mythology) the Roman god associated with speed, sometimes used as a messenger. He wore winged sandals. Mercury corresponded to the Greek god Hermes


monomer

monomèr (canonical)
monomer-monomer (plural)
monomər (alternative)


titi

Inherited from Malay titi (“wooden bridge”), from Proto-Malayic *titi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taytay, from Proto-Austronesian *taytay.

inh+

(only conjugated with "meng-", intransitive) to walk on small bridge

(only conjugated with "meng-", intransitive) to walk on small or tight way

(transitive) to live (to spend, as one's life; to pass; to maintain; to continue in, constantly or habitually)


titi

Semantic loan from Javanese ꦠꦶꦠꦶ (titi, “careful, scrupulous, precise”), ultimately from Old Javanese titi (“arrangement, plan”)
* Old Javanese tata-titi (“arrangement, plan”), tatā (“arrangement; rule”), from Sanskrit तथा (tathā, “in that manner”).
* from back-formation of Old Javanese nīti (“tactful, prudent, wise”), from Sanskrit नीति (nīti, “leading; behavior; policy, ethics”). Compare to Javanese ꦤꦶꦠꦶ (niti, “to examine; wise conduct, good policy”)

cog

(dialectal) synonym of teliti (“thorough; conscientious”)


transit

transit-transit (plural)
transito (alternative)

From Dutch transit, from French transit, from Latin trānseō.

(trading) the conveyance of people or goods from one place to another, especially on a public transportation system; the vehicles used for such conveyance

(astronomy) the passage of a celestial body across the observer's meridian, or across the disk of a larger celestial body


kaftan

From Malay kaftan, from Classical Persian خفتان (xaftān).


antigen

Borrowed from Dutch antigeen (“antigen”), from French antigène, from anti- + gène.


ethanol

(chemistry, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of etanol (“ethanol”)


federal

From Dutch federaal, from French fédéral, from Latin stem foeder- of foedus (“covenant, league, treaty, alliance”).


palla

(Catholicism) Alternative spelling of pala


formalin

formalin (a solution of formaldehyde in water; used as a disinfectant and to preserve biological specimens)


diabetes insipidus

Compound of diabetes + insipidus, learned borrowing from Latin diabetes insipidus (“tasteless diabetes”).

lbor

diabetes insipidus
diabetes insipidus#English

(endocrinology, pathology) diabetes insipidus: a disease characterized by excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine, which cannot be reduced when fluid intake is reduced


margin

margin-margin (plural)
marjin (alternative)

Borrowed from English margin, from Middle English margyn, from Latin marginem (possibly via Old French margin), accusative of margō (“edge, brink, border, margin”).

a permissible difference; allowing some freedom to move within limits

the yield or profit; the selling price minus the cost of production

(finance) collateral security deposited with a broker, to compensate the broker in the event of loss in the speculative buying and selling of stocks, commodities, etc.


detritus

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin dētrītus.

(countable, chiefly geology) pieces of rock broken off by ice, glacier, or erosion.

(biology, ecology) organic waste material from decomposing dead plants or animals.

(by extension) any debris or fragments of disintegrated material.


forma

Learned borrowing from Latin fōrma (“form”).

(biology, taxonomy) form: an infraspecific rank


rem

brake (device used to slow or stop a vehicle)


fagot

From Dutch fagot, from Italian fagotto. So called from being divided into parts for ease of carrying, making it a sort of small bundle or fagot.

bassoon (musical instrument in the woodwind family)


brutal

Borrowed from Dutch brutaal, from Middle Dutch brutael (“savage”), from Middle French brutal (“savage”), from Medieval Latin brutalis (“savage, stupid”), from Latin brūtus (“dull, stupid”). Compare with Indonesian bruto.

der

(colloquial) brutal
violent, vicious, ruthless, or cruel


pastel

From Portuguese pastel (“a type of pastry”). Doublet of pasta.

(cooking) a type of fried curry puff, similar to empanada


pastel

From Dutch pastel, from French pastel, from Italian pastello. Related to the first etymology.

pastel (any of several subdued tints of colors)


pris

From Dutch prijs, from Middle Dutch prijs, prise, from Old French pris, preis, from Latin pretium (“worth, price, money spent, wages, reward”). Cognate to Afrikaans prys.

(colloquial) prize, honor or reward striven for in a competitive contest or that which may be won by chance


rebus

rêbus (canonical)
merebus (active)
direbus (passive)

(transitive) to boil (to cook in boiling water)


rebus

(fully attributive) boiled (cooked in boiling water)


minder

Clipping of minderwaardig (“insecure”), from Dutch minderwaardig (“inferior, third-rate”).

bor

(colloquial) feeling inferior due to low self-esteem, insecure


minaret

minarèt (canonical)
minaret-minaret (plural)

From Dutch minaret, from French minaret, from Ottoman Turkish مناره (Turkish minare), from Arabic مَنَارَة (manāra, “lighthouse”). Doublet of menara and menorah.


min

borrowed from Dutch min, from Middle Dutch min, from Old Dutch min.


min

borrowed from Dutch munt, from Middle Dutch mente, minte, from Latin mentha.

mint (any plant in the family Lamiaceae)

min:

mint (a green colour, like that of mint)

mint (mint-flavored candy, often eaten to sweeten the smell of the breath)


temperatur

témpêratur (canonical)
temperatur-temperatur (plural)
tempratur (alternative nonstandard)

From Dutch temperatuur, from French température, from Latin temperātūra.


mina

From English myna, from Hindi मैना (mainā)/Urdu مینا (mainā), from Sanskrit मदन (madana).


mina

From Arabic مِينَاء (mīnāʔ, “port, harbour”).


visual

From Late Latin visualis (“of sight”), from Latin visus (“sight”).

visual
related to or affecting the vision


bantal

Inherited from Malay bantal, possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bantal (“bundle of cloth or clothes”).

inh

pillow (soft cushion used to support the head in bed)


nom de plume

Unadapted borrowing from French nom de plume (literally “name of feather”).


kongsi

Inherited from Malay kongsi, from Hokkien 公司 (kong-si). See also Hokkien 公班衙 (kong-pan-gêe), Dutch Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (“Dutch East India Company”, literally “United East India Company”).

ncog

perkongsian [causative passive + resultative

Bambang juga akan mendatangi perusahaan dan kongsi pemodal yang menjalankan bisnis plasma peternak ayam broiler.

2018 July 31, Surya Yuli, “Peternak Ayam Broiler Terus Merugi [Breeders of Broiler Chicken Continue to Have Losses]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2019-09-26:

Bambang will also visit companies and joint venture investors that run the business of outsourcing broiler chicken breeders.

Dua tukang gedor itu membuktikan tidak pecah kongsi ketika bahu-membahu membawa The Reds mengatasi Cardiff City 4-1 dalam lanjutan Liga Primer Inggris di Cardiff, Sabtu (27/10).

2018 October 29, “Bukti Salah dan Mane Tidak Pecah Kongsi [Proof that Salah and Mané did not break up their partnership]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2019-09-26:

The two forwards proved that they did not break up their partnership while cooperating shoulder-to-shoulder to bring The Reds to overcome Cardiff City 4-1 in an extension of the English Premier League at Cardiff on Saturday, 27 October.

(dated) company: any business, whether incorporated or not, that manufactures or sells products (also known as goods), or provides services as a commercial venture

kongsi: a benevolent organization of popular origin found among overseas Chinese communities for individuals with the same surname


dawet

Borrowed from Javanese ꦝꦮꦼꦠ꧀ (dhawet), from Old Javanese ḍawĕt.

(cooking) a kind of drink, made of coconut milk and melted sugar with lumps of rice-flour


arsenal

arsênal (canonical)
arsenal-arsenal (plural)

From Dutch arsenaal, from French arsenal, from Arabic دَار الصِّنَاعَة (dār aṣ-ṣināʕa, “manufacturing shop”); دَار (dār) + صِنَاعَة (ṣināʕa).

der

دَار الصِّنَاعَة


materiel

materiêl (canonical)
materil (alternative nonstandard)
materiil (alternative nonstandard)

From Dutch materieel, from Middle Dutch materiael, from Middle French material, from Old French material, from Latin māteriālis. Doublet of material.

material (having to do with matter; consisting of matter)


andropause

Internationalism, from English andropause.


flora

From Dutch flora, from Latin Flōra (goddess of flowers), flōs (“blossom”), from Proto-Italic *flōs, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-s (“flower, blossom”), from *bʰleh₃- (“to bloom”).

(botany) plants considered as a group, especially those of a particular country, region, time, etc.

(botany) a book describing the plants of a country, region, time, etc.

(microbiology) the microorganisms that inhabit some part of the body


salir

head

salir (active menyalir, passive disalir)

Inherited from Malay salir, from Proto-Malayic *salir, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saliʀ (“(of water) to flow”), from the root *-liʀ.

inh

(intransitive, always with meng-) to flow (to move as a fluid)

(transitive) to dewater (to remove water from)


cause célèbre

id-noun

cause célèbre (plural cause-cause célèbre)

cause célèbre, cause celebre: an issue or incident (originally, a legal case) arousing widespread controversy or public debate


taut

head

taut (base taut, imperative tautkan, active bertaut, ordinary passive ditaut, adversative passive tertaut)

tautkan (imperative)
bertaut (active)
taup (alternative)


pena

pèna (canonical)
pena-pena (plural)
pen (alternative nonstandard)

From Malay penna, from Portuguese pena (“quill”), from Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin penna and pinna, from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”). Influenced by Dutch pen. Doublet of pen.


iso-

From Ancient Greek ἴσος (ísos, “equal”).


tabu

From English taboo, from Tongan tapu (“prohibited, sacred”), from Proto-Polynesian *tapu, from Proto-Oceanic *tabu, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *tambu.


coy

(slang) bro; dude friendly term of address for a male


en masse

Unadapted borrowing from French en masse.

ubor

in a single body or group; as one, together

en masse:
in large amounts or numbers, massively


boga

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦺꦴꦒ (boga, “food”), from Old Javanese bhoga (“enjoyment, eating; any object of enjoyment, food; profit, utility, pleasure”), from Sanskrit भोग (bhoga, “eating”). Compare Malay boga (“favourite”).


bas

From Dutch bas (“bass”), from Middle French basse, from Italian basso, from Late Latin bassus.

a section of musical group that produces low-pitched sound, lower than the baritone and tenor


bas

→ Min Nan: 默氏, 默是.

From Dutch baas (“boss”), from Middle Dutch baes (“master of a household, friend”), from Old Dutch *baso (“uncle, kinsman”), from Proto-Germanic *baswô. Cognates include Middle Low German bās (“supervisor, foreman”), Old Frisian bas (“master”); possibly also Old High German basa ("father's sister, cousin"; > German Base (“aunt, cousin”)). Doublet of bos.

gloss

"father's sister, cousin"; > German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Base</i> (“aunt, cousin”)


dek

From Dutch dek (“deck”), from Middle Dutch dec (“roof, covering”), from Middle Dutch dekken, from Old Dutch thecken, from Proto-Germanic *þakjaną.

deck, any raised flat surface that can be walked on


ultraviolet

ultraviolet (of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 380 to 10 nanometres)


ember

→ Petjo: ember

→ Ternate: ember

a container made of rigid material, often with a handle, used to carry liquids or small items

part of a piece of machinery that resembles a bucket (container)

(slang) someone who spread other people's disgrace; gossiper


optimal

Borrowed from Dutch optimaal, from French optimal.


orator

From Dutch orateur, orator, from Latin orator.


adat

From Malay adat, from Persian عادت ('âdat), from Arabic عَادَة (ʕāda, “habit, custom”), from the verb عَوْدَ (ʕawda, “to appurtain, to be proper”).

Dia memiliki adat yang buruk.

(uncommon) custom, habit (in general senses)

Menurut adat daerah ini.

According to the tradition of this region.


adat

From Betawi adat or Javanese ꦔꦢꦠ꧀ (ngadat, “troublesome”, literally “habit”), cf. the same etymology as above.

der

(of vehicles, chiefly Jakarta) to stop to work, to have mechanical failure


oikumene

oikuméné (canonical)
oikumene-oikumene (plural)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek οἰκουμένη (oikouménē). Doublet of ekumene.

learned borrowing

(Christianity) ecumene, unification of Christianity


ya

Ya, aku setuju denganmu.

used to show agreement or acceptance; yes

Kamu punya cewek baru, ya?

Siapa ya, guru baru kita yang akan mengajar di kelas ini.

Who is our new teacher who will teach at this class?.

used to emphasize curiosity about a question.

Besok kumpulkan tugasnya, ya.


ya

Inherited from Malay ya, from Classical Malay ي (ya), from Arabic يَا (yā).

Ya Tuhan!

Ya ampun!

the vocative particle, used for direct address; O


-in-

Inherited from Malay -in-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in-. Doublet of di-.

implies a perpetuation of action; continuous


ovum

Terbentuk dari ovum yang hina
 Dibuahi sperma dan ludah
 Diberkati jiwa yang cacat

2018, “Lahir Mata Satir”, performed by Deadsquad:

Formed from despised ovum
 Fertilized sperm and saliva
 Blessed with defective soul


perdu

shrub: a woody plant smaller than a tree, and usually with several stems from the same base


gol

From English goal, from Middle English gol (“boundary, limit”), from Old English gāl (“obstacle, barrier, marker”).

der

(sports) in many sports, an area into which the players attempt to put an object; The act of placing the object into the goal


basa

Borrowed from Dutch base, from French base, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis). Doublet of basis.

(chemistry) base (chemical compound that will neutralize an acid)


basa

(dialect: Boing) a group of sago trees growing in one place

(dialect: Seram) common sago plantation in Seram


basa

(colloquial) Alternative form of bahasa (“language; manner, polite behaviour”)


basa

(dialect: Alune) cloth used to clean hands


ronda

From Malay ronda, from Portuguese ronda, from Spanish ronda, from Latin rotunda. Doublet of raun, ronde, and rondo.


impromptu

Unadapted borrowing from French impromptu (“improvised, not planned; improvised action”).

ubor

improvised, extemporaneous, unplanned: without prior preparation, planning, or rehearsal


etude

From Dutch etude, from French étude (“study”), from Old French estude (“study”), from Latin studium (“spirit”). Doublet of studi and studio.

(music) etude: a short piece of music, designed to give a performer practice in a particular area or skill


mob

Borrowed from English mob, from Middle English mob, short for mobile, from Latin mōbile (vulgus) (“fickle (crowd)”).

der

(politics) mob: a large or disorderly group of people; especially one bent on riotous or destructive action


KISS

(management) acronym of koordinasi, integrasi, sinkronisasi, simplifikasi.


voyeur

Internationalism, unadapted borrowing from Dutch voyeur, from French voyeur.


PKI

Partai Komunis Indonesia
w:Partai Komunis Indonesia

Initialism of Partai Komunis Indonesia (“Communist Party of Indonesia”).


PGP

(education) Initialism of pendidikan guru penggerak.


UI

Universitas Indonesia
w:id:Universitas Indonesia

(education) Initialism of Universitas Indonesia.


agar

From Malay agar, from Sanskrit अग्र (agra).

so that; in order to
indicates purpose; with the result that

indicates purpose; in such a way that, with the intent that

to; in order to (as a means of achieving the specified end)


aktiva

From Dutch activa (“asset”), from Latin activa. Doublet of aktif.

(business) any property or object of value that one possesses, usually considered as applicable to the payment of one's debts

(accounting) the left side of a balance sheet

assets:
the left side of a balance sheet


mezzo piano

Unadapted borrowing from Italian mezzo piano.


litigant

Unadapted borrowing from French litigant.

(law) litigant: a party suing or being sued in a lawsuit, or otherwise calling upon the judicial process to determine the outcome of a suit


zeugma

Learned borrowing from Latin zeugma, from Ancient Greek ζεῦγμα (zeûgma, “bond; yoking”).


rayon

* From Dutch rayon, from French rayon
** from Old French ree, from Frankish *hrātu (“honeycomb”).
* Sense raion is a semantic loan from Russian райо́н (rajón).

sl

region, regional section or subdivision (e.g. of a school enrollment, of the area of operation of a business)

raion: an administrative unit of some Eastern European and Asian states


rayon

rayon: a manufactured regenerated cellulosic fiber


menopause

ménopausê (canonical)
menopause-menopause (plural)
ménopaus (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch menopauze, from French ménopause, from Latin menopausis.

(gynaecology) menopause: The period in a woman's life when menstruation becomes irregular and less frequent before eventually stopping altogether, usually accompanied by a range of unpleasant symptoms; the period spanning perimenopause up to postmenopause; The final menstrual period of a woman after which ovulation no longer occurs


lang

From Betawi [Term?], probably from Dutch lang (“tall”), from Middle Dutch lanc, from Old Dutch *lang, from Proto-Germanic *langaz.


acu

From Malay acu, from Tamil அச்சு (accu, “mould, printing”).


acu

Nonstandard spelling of aki (“battery; accumulator”).


adres

From Dutch adres, from Middle French adresse.

address (a description of the location of a property, usually with at least a street name and number, name of a town, and now also a postal code)


tremor

From English tremor, from Middle English tremour (“fright”), from Anglo-Norman tremour and Old French tremor, from Latin tremor.

(medicine) tremor: a rhythmic, uncontrollable shaking of all or part of the body due to partial muscle contractions


rektor

Borrowed from Dutch rector, from Latin rēctor.

(education) rector (headmaster of a tertiary education institution, e.g., university)

(Catholicism) rector (cleric with managerial as well as spiritual responsibility for a church or other institution)


elektro

éléktro (canonical)
elektro-elektro (plural)

From Dutch elektro-, electro-, from Latin electrum (“amber; electrum”), from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, “amber; electrum”).


rua

From Portuguese rua (“street”), from Old Galician-Portuguese rua (“street”), from or influenced by Old French rue (Modern French rue) or Old Spanish rua (Modern Spanish rúa), from Vulgar Latin *ruga (“furrow, path, street”), from Latin ruga (“wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *krewp- (“to become encrusted”).


debut

From Dutch debuut, from French début, from Middle French, derivative of desbuter (“to move, begin”), from des- + but (“mark, goal”), from Old French but (“aim, goal, end, target”), either from Old French butte (“mound, knoll, target”), from Frankish *but (“stump, log”), or from Old Norse bútr (“log, stump, butt”); both from Proto-Germanic *butą (“end, piece”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd- (“to beat, push”).


regional

From Dutch regionaal, from French régional, from Latin regiōnālis.

regional (pertaining to a specific region)

regional (pertaining to a large geographic region)


anemia

anémia (canonical)
anemia-anemia (plural)

From Dutch anemie, from New Latin anaemia, from Ancient Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía), from ἀν- (an-, “not”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) + -ια (-ia).


poster

poster (picture intended to be attached to a wall)


entre

(colloquial) an admission, an entrance fee


allargando

Unadapted borrowing from Italian allargando.

ubor

(music) allargando: Decreasing in tempo; getting slower


aubade

aubadê (canonical)
aubade-aubade (plural)

From Dutch aubade, from French aubade, from Old French albade.

a song or poem greeting or evoking the dawn

a morning love song; a song of lovers parting in the morning

a song or musical performance to honour someone, performed in the morning


audio

audio: focused on audible sound, as opposed to sight


anca

rectangular Bugis woven kitchen utensils


karate

From Japanese 空手(からて) (karate, literally “the state of being empty-handed”), from earlier 唐手(からて) (karate, literally “Tang Dynasty; China” + “hand”), from Okinawan 唐手(とーでぃー) (tōdī).

ja-r

唐手(とーでぃー) (tōdī)

(sports, martial arts) karate; an Okinawan martial art involving primarily punching and kicking, but additionally, advanced throws, arm bars, grappling and all means of fighting


tofu

Borrowed from Japanese 豆腐(とうふ) (tōfu), from Middle Chinese 豆腐 (duwᴴ bju^X, “curdled bean”). Doublet of tahu from Min Nan 豆腐 (tāu-hū).

der

tofu, specifically soft or extra-soft unpressed fresh tofu

tahu

specifically firm or extra firm pressed fresh tofu


defile

défilé (canonical)
defile-defile (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch defilé, from French défilé, from défiler (“to march past”), from file (“file”).


resume

résumé (canonical)
resume-resume (plural)

From Dutch resumé, from French résumé, past participle of résumer (“to summarize”), from Latin resūmere (“to take back”).


malaise

malaisê (canonical)
malaise-malaise (plural)

From Dutch malaise, from French malaise.

(economics) depression, a period of major economic contraction

(medicine) malaise, a feeling of general bodily discomfort, fatigue or unpleasantness, often at the onset of illness


d'accord

Unadapted borrowing from French d’accord (“in agreement”).


Afrika

Africa (the continent south of Europe and between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans)

(historical) Africa (a former province of the Roman Empire, containing what is now Tunisia and portions of coastal Algeria and Libya)


manifesto

Borrowed from English manifesto, from Italian manifesto, from Latin manifestō (“to make public”). Doublet of manifes.

manifesto (a public declaration of principles, policies, or intentions, especially that of a political party)


tablet

tablèt (canonical)
tablet-tablet (plural)

From Dutch tablet, from Middle French tablette, from Old French tablete (Modern French tablette), diminutive of table (“table”), from Latin tabula. Doublet of tabel.
* Semantic loan from English tablet for tablet computer sense.

(medicine, pharmacy) a pill; a small, easily swallowed portion of a substance

tablet:
a slab of clay used for inscription

(computing) a tablet computer, a type of portable computer


sortir

From Dutch sorteer, sorteren, from French assortir, from Old French, from Latin sortīrī, probably influenced by surrectus (through a Vulgar Latin form *surctus and its derivatives, possibly through a verb *surrectīre, surctīre).

menyortir surat-surat


guillotine

Unadapted borrowing from French guillotine, Guillot. After Dr Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, who proposed its use for capital punishment.


tes

Borrowed from English test, from Old French test.


proposal

proposal (something which is proposed, or offered for consideration or acceptance)


ultimatum

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch ultimatum, from Latin ultimatum, from ultimatus (“late, last final”).

ultimate (a final statement of terms or conditions made by one party to another)


LGBT

LGBT-LGBT (plural)
lagibatuk (alternative derogatory)
lagibete (alternative derogatory)

LGBT; initialism of lesbian, gay, biseksual, dan transgender.


ayer

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦪꦼꦂ (ayer, “standing upright, foreman, worker supervisor”).

bor+

foreman, supervisor in mutual cooperation


grad

From Dutch graad, from Middle Dutch graet, from Latin gradus.


tuli

Inherited from Malay tuli, from Proto-Malayic *tuli, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuli, from Proto-Austronesian *Culi.


estival

From Latin aestivālis (“relating to the summer”), from aestīvus (“of the summer”), from aestas (“summer”).


piston

From Dutch piston, from French piston, from Italian pistone (15th century), from Latin pistāre, from the root pīnsō (“I crush”).


hong

Borrowed from Hokkien 鳳凰／凤凰 (hōng-hông, “fenghuang”).

(mythology) fenghuang: a mythological Chinese chimerical bird whose physical body symbolizes the six celestial bodies

(mythology) phoenix: a mythological bird, said to be the only one of its kind, which lives for 500 years and then dies by burning to ashes on a pyre of its own making, ignited by the sun. It then arises anew from the ashes


angina

From Dutch angina, from Latin angina (“quinsy; strangling, choking”), from angō (“to press together, to choke, to hurt (cause pain)”).

an inflammatory infection of the throat, particularly quinsy

angina pektoris
angina pektoris#Indonesian

(cardiology) short for angina pektoris (“angina pectoris”).


kalium

From Malay kalium, from Dutch kalium, from Latin kalium.


kalis

Inherited from Malay kalis, from Arabic خَالِص (ḵāliṣ, “pure, unmixed; clear; sincere, true”).


xenofobia

xénofobia (canonical)
xenofobia-xenofobia (plural)

Borrowed from English xenophobia, from xeno- + -phobia.


profil

From Dutch profiel, from French profil, from Italian profilo.

the outermost shape, view, or edge of an object

the shape, view, or shadow of a person's head from the side; a side view

summary or collection of information, especially about a person


heterogen

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch heterogeen.


terminus

Borrowed from English terminus, from Latin terminus (“boundary, limit”).

(rail transport) terminus: the end point of a transportation system, or the town or city in which it is located


Anatolia

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Anatolia, from Ancient Greek ἀνατολή (anatolḗ, “sunrise, place from where the sun rises, the east”), from ἀνατέλλω (anatéllō, “I rise”), from ἀνά (aná, “up”) + τέλλω (téllō, “I perform, accomplish, rise”), because Anatolia was east of Greece.

A peninsula in Western Asia, comprising most of the modern Republic of Turkey. Bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Armenian Highland to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Aegean Sea to the west


DPC

Initialism of dewan pimpinan cabang (“branch leadership board”).


API

Akademi Penerbang Indonesia
Akademi Penerbang Indonesia#Indonesian

Initialism of Akademi Penerbang Indonesia.


API

penangkapan ikan
penangkapan ikan#Indonesian

(computing) Initialism of application programming interface.

Anugerah Pesona Indonesia
w:id:Anugerah Pesona Indonesia

(tourism) Initialism of Anugerah Pesona Indonesia.

(trading) Initialism of angka pengenal importir.


prima

Borrowed from Dutch prima and priem, ultimately from Latin primus.

(mathematics) having exactly two integral factors: itself and unity (1 in the case of integers)


polis

From Dutch polis (“insurance policy”), from French police (“policy”), from Italian polizza, from Ancient Greek ἀπόδειξις (apódeixis, “proof”). Compare to Malay polisi (“policy”).


ordo

Learned borrowing from Latin ōrdō. Doublet of rodi, orde, order, ordi, and wardi.

doublet

(Catholicism) a group of religious adherents, especially monks or nuns, set apart within their religion by adherence to a particular rule or set of principles

(taxonomy) a rank in the classification of organisms, below class and above family; a taxon at that rank


ordo

(zoology) seed-eating bird, Plocedere family of songbirds


HP

(video games, mostly role-playing games) hit points; health points

himpunan penyelesaian
himpunan penyelesaian#Indonesian

(mathematics) Initialism of himpunan penyelesaian (“solution set”).


gaga

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦒ (gaga, “dry field”), from Old Javanese gagā (“non-irrigated rice-field”)


gaga

(zoology) blubberlip snapper, Maori snapper, blue-spotted seaperch, Maori bream, Maori seaperch, multi-coloured snapper, scribbled snapper, speckled snapper, yellowfin snapper (Lutjanus rivulatus)


gagai

head

gagai (active menggagai, passive digagai)

(transitive, obsolete) Synonym of panjat (“to mount, move upwards with effort, climb”)


bikini

From French bikini (literally “name of the atoll where the United States tested nuclear weapons”), from German Bikini, the colonial name of the atoll as part of German New Guinea, and this was derived from Marshallese Pikinni (literally “surface of coconuts”).


coup de grâce

id-noun

coup de grâce (plural coup-coup de grâce)

Unadapted borrowing from French coup de grâce (“finishing blow”, literally “strike of mercy”). Originally referring to a merciful stroke putting a fatally wounded person out of misery or to the shot delivered to the head of a prisoner after facing a firing squad.


asap

Inherited from Malay asap, probably from merging of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asəp (“incense, ritual smoke”), and *qasəb (“smoke”).


asap

daging asap

smoked (preserved by treatment with smoke)


asap

(transitive) to smoke (to preserve or prepare by treating with smoke)

(intransitive, always with meng-, uncommon) to smoke (to give off smoke)


strata

From Dutch strata, from Latin strata. Doublet of setrat and stratum.

one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another

a class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status


nouveau riche

Unadapted borrowing from French nouveau riche (literally “new rich”).

ubor

nouveau riche, new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy


proteinuria

protéinuria (canonical)
proteinuria-proteinuria (plural)

Compare English proteinuria and Dutch proteïnurie.

(pathology) proteinuria (the presence of protein in the urine)


teller

Unadapted borrowing from English teller, from Middle English tellere (“one who counts or enumerates; one who recounts or relates; teller”). Standard spelling retain double l to avoid confusion with word teler.

der

(banking) teller: a bank clerk who receives and pays out money


sonde

From Dutch sonde, from French sonde, from Middle French [Term?], from Old French sonde (“sounding line”), from Old English sund- (“sounding”), from sund (“ocean, sea”), from Proto-Germanic *sundą (“a swim, body of water, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to be unsteady, swim”).

explorer: any of various hand tools, with sharp points, used in dentistry


vas

vas-vas (plural)
fas (alternative nonstandard)
pasu (alternative)

From Dutch vaas, from Middle French vase (Modern French vase), from Latin vas (“vessel”). Doublet of pasu.

vase (an upright open container used mainly for displaying flowers)


vas

Learned borrowing from Latin vas (“vessel”).

lbor

vas (a vessel or duct transporting any bodily fluid)


fetor

From Portuguese feitor, from Latin factor.


dura mater

Borrowed from Medieval Latin dūra māter (literally “firm, strict mother”)


incognito

Unadapted borrowing from Italian incognito, from Latin incognitus.


sampling

Internationalism, unadapted borrowing from English sampling.

(statistics) the analysis of a group by determining the characteristics of a significant percentage of its members chosen at random


ka

The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.


dit

(law enforcement) Clipping of direktorat (“directorate”).


dah

Clipping of sudah, from Malay dah. In the interjection sense, false cognate of Russian да (da, “yes”).


dah

perfective aspect
perfective aspect#English


dah

From Dutch dag (“goodbye”), from Middle Dutch dach, from Old Dutch dag, from Proto-Germanic *dagaz. This word was originally spelled dag as in Dutch, but the final -g is replaced by -h and the form becomes archaic, but not in the word mag, were it always pronounced with final /h/ or /x/.


dah

From Malay dah. Compare to Old Javanese dadah (“sacrifice”).


bakar

bakar (root)
membakar (active nominative)
terbakar (nominative passive)
dibakar (nominative passive)
bakar (nominative)
bakarlah (nominative)
membakari (active)
terbakari (passive)
dibakari (passive)
bakari
bakarilah
membakarkan (active)
terbakarkan (passive)
dibakarkan (passive)
bakarkan
bakarkanlah

From Malay bakar, from Proto-Malayic *bakar, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *bkaar, *bkaar (“to cook over fire”).

der

Coordinate term: panggang


baka

From Malay baka, baqa, from Classical Malay باک (baka), بقاٴ (baqa), from Arabic بَقَاء (baqāʔ, “remaining, lasting, enduring”).


trans-

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch trans-, from Latin trāns (“across, on the far side, beyond”).


solar

From Latin sōlāris, from sōl (“sun”), from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”).

solar, of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun


solar

Generic trademark of Pertamina's diesel fuel, which came from minyak solar, from Dutch solaarolie (cognate of Danish solarolie and Norwegian solarolje), from English solar oil. The association developed from the usage of such petroleum product as fuel for solar oil lamp. See also Russian солярка (soljarka) and German Solaröl.

Pertamina akan Ekspor Solar dan Avtur

Pertamina will export diesel fuel and jet fuel.


abakus

From Dutch abacus, from Latin abacus, abax; from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “board covered with sand”), possibly from a Semitic source; compare Hebrew אָבָק (avák, “dust”).

(architecture) abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column)


spill

(slang) to spill a person's secret or disgrace


ringgit

(historical) the two-and-a-half silver guilder; two-and-a-half rupiah


kan

Kan, sudah ku bilang jangan bermain korek api. Kini kau rasakan akibatnya.

See, I already told you before not to play with the matches. Now you receive the consequences.

Ini punyamu, kan?


kan

Borrowed from Dutch kan (“jug; pot (for tea, coffee, etc.); can (cylindrical vessel)”), from Middle Dutch canne.


mata

Inherited from Malay mata, from Proto-Malayic *mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mata, from Proto-Austronesian *maCa.

eye (an organ through which animals perceive surroundings via light)

eye (a loop forming part of anything, or a hole through anything, to receive a hook, etc.)

eye (a part from which plant shoots grow; a reproductive bud)

Near-synonym: sela

blade (the part of a knife, sword, razor, or other tool with which it cuts)

(figurative, uncommon) an important part of something


meta

From Sanskrit मत्त (matta, “mad, drunken”). Compare to Balinese ᬫᬢ᭄ᬢ (mata, “furious”).


pedal

Borrowed from Dutch pedaal, from French pédale, from Italian pedale, from Latin pedālis.

pedal (a lever operated by one's foot that is used to control or power a machine or mechanism, such as a bicycle or piano)


andas

(construction, engineering) bridge anvil


alfa

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄλφα (álpha), of Semitic origin. Doublet of alif.

the name of the first letter of the Greek alphabet (Α, α), followed by beta; in the Latin alphabet it is the predecessor to A

(astronomy) Alpha, the brightest star in a constellation according to the Bayer designation

(electronics) common-base current gain of a transistor in electronics

(statistics) the significance level of a statistical test; the alpha level


advisor

Learned borrowing from New Latin advīsor.


studi

From Dutch studie, from Middle Dutch studie, from Old French estudie (Modern French étude), from Latin studium (“zeal, dedication, study”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd- (“to push, hit”). Doublet of etude and studio.

der

study: a detailed investigation and analysis of a subject or situation


transistor

Internationalism, borrowed from English transistor.


referendum

refêrendum (canonical)
referendum-referendum (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch referendum, from Latin referendum.

(law, government, politics) referendum: a direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment


diplomat

From Dutch diplomaat, from French diplomate, from New Latin dīplōmaticus.

diplomat: a person, such as an ambassador, who is accredited to represent a government officially in its relations with other governments or international organisations


auditorium

auditorium-auditorium (plural)
aditorium (alternative)

From Dutch auditorium, from Latin audītōrium.


setup

From Dutch stoven, from Middle Dutch stoven. Compare to Afrikaans stoof.


trivium

Borrowed from English trivium, from Latin trivium.

(education, historical) trivium: the lower division of the liberal arts; grammar, logic and rhetoric


bis

From Dutch bus (“container, box”) Compare to Dutch brievenbus (“letterbox, mailbox, post box”).


bis

Learned borrowing from Latin bis (“twice”).


bis

From Dutch bies (“piping”), from Middle Dutch biese, from Old Dutch *biesa, from Proto-West Germanic *beusu.

a hollow conduit or something resembling a tube

decorative edging stitched to the hems or seams of an object made of fabric


legislator

lègislator (canonical)
legislator-legislator (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin lēgislātor.


invalid

From Dutch invalide, from French invalide, from Latin invalidus. The sense of invalid is semantic loan from English invalid.


karat

rust (the deteriorated state of iron or steel as a result of moisture and oxidation)

rust (a similar substance based on another metal)

karat:

karat:


karat

From Dutch karaat, from Middle French carat, from Italian carato, from Arabic قِيرَاط (qīrāṭ, “carat”) (and meaning other small units as well, such as an inch), from Ancient Greek κεράτιον (kerátion, “carob seed”), diminutive form of κέρας (kéras, “horn”).

der

carat (a unit of weight for precious stones and pearls, equivalent to 200 milligrams)

carat (a measure of the purity of gold, pure gold being 24 carats)


argo

apocopic form of argometer (“fare meter, taximeter”)


argo

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦂꦒ (arga, “mountain”), from Old Javanese arga (“mountain-peak; mountain”), from Pali agga (“highest; top-most”), from Sanskrit अग्र (agra, “peak”).


juvenil

Borrowed from Dutch juveniel, from French juvénile, from Latin iuvenīlis (“youthful; juvenile”)


cas

From Malay cas, from English charge (“fast ground attack; electric charge”). Cognate of Malay caj.


cas

→ Tetum: cas

(colloquial) to charge, to add energy to (a battery, or a device containing a battery)


boba

From English boba, from the pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 波霸 (bōbà), from Cantonese 波霸 (bo1 baa3, “large breasts, tapioca pearls”), from 波 (bo1) transcribing English ball and 霸 (baa3, “chief, top”).


tol

From Dutch tol (“toll”), from Middle Dutch tol, from Old Dutch tol, from Latin telōneum (“custom house”).

a fee paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of vending goods in a fair, market, etc.

toll booth, tollgate: a booth on a toll road or toll bridge where the toll is collected

toll road: a road for the use of which a toll must be paid


natrium

From Malay natrium, from English natrium, from New Latin natrium.


amnion

Borrowed from Dutch amnion, from Latin amnion (“membrane around a fetus”), from Ancient Greek ἀμνίον (amníon, “bowl in which the blood of victims was caught”).


haute couture

Unadapted borrowing from French haute couture (“haute couture, high fashion”).

ubor

(fashion) haute couture, exclusive fashion, high fashion, high style


tête-à-tête

Unadapted borrowing from French tête-à-tête.


kedutaan

embassy: the official residence of an organization or group of officials who permanently represent a sovereign state in a second sovereign state


kota

From Malay kota, from Classical Malay kota, from Tamil கோட்டம் (kōṭṭam, “city”) or Sanskrit कोट्ट (koṭṭa, “city”).
* The sense in government was coined by Indonesian politician Teuku Muhammad Hasan in 1945 to translate Dutch gemeente or stadsgemeente.
* Displaced Dutch stad (“city, town”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

coinage

(urban studies) a large settlement, bigger than a town; sometimes with a specific legal definition, depending on the place

(government) the second-level urban administrative division in Indonesia


kota

a small box made of pandan leaves, a place to store valuables, usually carried by the Serua indigenous people


kota

Borrowed from Kur [Term?], probably cognate of Etymology 1.

a garden that has been fenced with a stone fence


kota

Borrowed from Blagar [Term?], probably cognate of Etymology 1.


danau

From Malay danau, from Classical Malay danau, from Proto-Malayic *danaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *danaw, from Proto-Austronesian *danaw (“lake”).


selatan

sêlatan (canonical)
selatan-selatan (plural)

From Malay selatan, from Proto-Malayic *səlatan, *silatan, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salatan, *silatan.


terjemahan

têrjêmahan (canonical)
terjemahan-terjemahan (plural)

Affixed terjemah + -an, from Malay terjemahan.


BRS

(nautical, medicine) Abbreviation of bantu rumah sakit. (used to refer to hospital ships)


KM

(nautical) Initialism of kapal motor (ship prefix): MV


koko

From Hokkien 哥哥 (ko-ko, “older brother”).


claret

Unadapted borrowing from English claret (compare French clairet), from Middle English claret, from Middle French claret, from Medieval Latin clārātum vīnum, from clārus.

(cooking) claret: a dry red wine produced in the Bordeaux region of France, or a similar wine made elsewhere


hasta

From Malay hasta, from Sanskrit हस्त (hasta).


ati

(dialectal, colloquial) Alternative form of hati


asi

babbler (any of the passerine birds in the Malacopteron genus)


agama

agama-agama (plural)
agama (alternative Malaysia Singapore)
ugama (alternative Brunei)
igama (alternative)
oegama (alternative)
ugama (alternative)

From Malay agama, ugama, from Classical Malay اڬام (“agama”), أڬام (“ugama”), from Sanskrit आगम (āgama, “a traditional doctrine or precept”).

der

religion (system of beliefs dealing with soul, deity and/or life after death)


bulimia

Internationalism, Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek βουλιμία (boulimía, “ravenous hunger”), from βοῦς (boûs, “cow, ox”) + λῑμός (līmós, “hunger”).


bung

Bung Karno

(colloquial, used in the vocative) A term of address for someone, typically a man; A dude, fella, mac

(informal) Used to address a man whose name is unknown.


tutorial

Internationalism, borrowed from English tutorial.

(education) a self-paced learning exercise; a lesson prepared so that a student can learn at their own speed, at their convenience

(Standard Malay)

(education) an interactive class taught by a tutor to students at university or college, individually or in small groups

a video or text that is basically a how-to (advice or instruction on a particular topic)


tutorial

tutorial: Of or pertaining to a tutor; belonging to, or exercised by, a tutor


sangha

From Pali saṅgha, from Sanskrit सङ्घ (saṅgha). Doublet of sangga.


vis-à-vis

Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.


ultima

Near-synonym: akhir


Kamboja

Kemboja (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Khmer កម្ពុជា (kampuciə), from Pali kamboja, ultimately from Sanskrit काम्बोज (kāmboja, the name of a tribe mentioned in Hindu scripture). Doublet of kemboja.


singel

Borrowed from Dutch singel (“cincture”), from Latin cingulum (“belt”).
[Alt: refer to caption]

(Catholicism) cincture: a girdle or belt, especially as part of a vestment


singel

Borrowed from English single, from Middle English single, sengle, from Old French sengle, saingle, sangle, from Latin singulus, a diminutive derived from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one”).

a 45 RPM vinyl record with one song on side A and one on side B

a popular song released and sold (on any format) nominally on its own though usually having at least one extra track


simbol

From Dutch symbool, from French symbole, from Latin symbolum, from Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon).


seksi

sèksi (canonical)
seksi-seksi (plural)
séksyen (alternative)
si (alternative)
sie (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch sectie (“dissection, subdivision”).

bor+

section:
a part, piece, subdivision of anything

(military) a group of 10-15 soldiers led by a non-commissioned officer and forming part of a platoon

(surgery) an incision or the act of making an incision


kecapi

From Sundanese ᮊᮎᮕᮤ (kacapi, “zither”), probably from Sanskrit कच्छपी (kacchapī, “lute”).

kacapi: a box zither with an open bottom, played by plucking, originating in traditional Sundanese music


kecapi

Inflected form of mengecap (a derivative of kecap).


suling

(music) suling: an Indonesian flute made of bamboo


para-

Ancient Greek παρα- (para-, “beside, next to”).


Afganistan

nonstandard or standard Indonesian (alternative)
standard Malay (alternative)

From Dutch Afghanistan, from Persian افغان (afğân, “Afghan”) or Arabic أَفْغَان (ʔafḡān, “Afghan”) + Persian ـستان (-estân, “place of”).

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


Maria

From Vulgate Latin Maria, from Ancient Greek Μαρία (María), Μαριάμ (Mariám), from Aramaic מרים (Maryām), corresponding to the Hebrew מרים (Miryām). Doublet of Maryam.

Mary (Biblical character, mother of Jesus)

Mary (Biblical character, Mary Magdalene)


Amerika

From New Latin America, named after cartographer Amerigo Vespucci.

America, the Americas (a supercontinent consisting of North America, Central America and South America regarded as a whole)

United States of America
United States of America#English

America, United States of America (a country in North America)


kau

Inherited from Malay kau, from Proto-Malayic *kau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu.

(poetic) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours


badam

From Malay badam, from Classical Malay بادم (badam), from Classical Persian بادام (bādām).


mari

From Malay mari, from Proto-Malayic *mari, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maʀi.

Mari kita coba.


dekstra

Learned borrowing from Latin dextra, dexter (“right; skillful; fortunate, favorable; proper, fitting”), from Proto-Italic *deksteros, from Proto-Indo-European *deḱs-tero-s, *deḱs- (“right”).

(anatomy) right: the right side or direction


deputi

From Dutch deputé, from French député, from Late Latin deputatus (“appointed”).


dikti

pendidikan tinggi
pendidikan tinggi#Indonesian

(education) acronym of pendidikan tinggi (“higher education”).


sair

From Arabic سَعِيْرٌ (saʕiyrun, “flame”).

(Islam, rare) Synonym of neraka (“hell”)


distro

(fashion) distribution outlet: a business that buys goods from a distributor and sells them to others


roda

From Malay roda, from Portuguese roda, from Latin rota, from Proto-Indo-European *Hret- (“to roll”).

wheel (a circular device facilitating movement or transportation)


parade

paradê (canonical)
parade-parade (plural)

From Dutch parade, from French parade (“show, display, parade, parry, formerly also a halt on horseback”), from Spanish parada (“a halt, stop, pause, a parade”), from parar (“to halt, stop, get ready, prepare”), from Latin parare (“to prepare; to halt, stop, prevent, guard against, etc., dress, trim, adorn”).

an organized procession consisting of a series of consecutive displays, performances, exhibits, etc. displayed by moving down a street past a crowd of spectators

(military) an assembling of troops for inspection or to receive orders


a

The first letter of the Indonesian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.

The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.


Agus

From Malay Agus, from Classical Malay اݢوس (Agus), from bagus.


Anda

→ Malay: anda

From -anda. Coined by Sarbini in 1957. Made popular by Rosihan Anwar in 1958.

(formal) second-person pronoun: you, your

This table only shows personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language

The second person pronouns are often replaced by kinship terms

while the proclitic is only used as a subject


Android

(computing, mobile telephony) Android: a mobile operating system currently developed by Google


B

From the Latin letter B (be), from the Etruscan letter 𐌁 (b, be), from the Ancient Greek letter Β (B, beta), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤁 (b, bet), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓉐.

The second letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


B

From the use of the letter ‘B’ as an arbitrary label among other letter labels.

(education) B: An academic grade, better than a C and worse than an A


B

From abbreviations of various terms beginning with or containing the letter ‘B’.

B: The grade of pencil, “black”, that makes darker marks than grade HB but lighter marks than grade 2B; a pencil with soft lead


B

(medicine) B: A blood type that has a specific antigen that aggravates the immune response in people with type A antigen in their blood. People with this blood type may receive blood from type B or type O but cannot receive blood from AB or A


Bianca

Bianca Astrid Hello, b. 2001

a female given name from Italian, equivalent to English Blanche


C

From the Latin letter C, from the Etruscan letter 𐌂 (c, ce), from the Ancient Greek letter Γ (G, gamma), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤂 (g, giml), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓌙.

The third letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


C

(music) the first note in the C chromatic and major scales

(education) An academic grade better than a D and worse than a B


C

head

C (upper case Roman numeral, lower case c)


C

(chemical symbol) C: Initialism of karbon.


D

From the Latin - letter D, from the Etruscan letter 𐌃 (d, “de”), from the Ancient Greek letter Δ (D, “delta”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤃 (d, “dalet”), from an uncertain origin, likely the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓉿.

The fourth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


D

D (upper case Roman numeral, lower case d)


D

From the position (4) of the letter D in the alphabet.

(education) D: A grade awarded for a class, better than outright failure (which can be F or E depending on the institution) and worse than a C

(vehicle-distinguishing signs) vehicle number plate code for the Bandung areas


Dita

Dita (canonical feminine)
may be a diminutive form of Anandita (canonical)


Dr.

Abbreviation of doktor (“doctor, doctorate-attainer”).


E

From the Latin letter E, from the Etruscan letter 𐌄 (e, “e”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ε (E, “epsilon”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤄 (h, “he”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓀠.

The fifth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


E

(education) E: The grade below D in some grading systems. In most such systems, it is a failing grade

(vehicle-distinguishing signs) vehicle number plate code for the Cirebon, Majalengka, Indramayu, and Kuningan areas


Ester

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἐσθήρ (Esthḗr), from Biblical Hebrew אֶסְתֵּר.

(biblical) Esther, the main character of the Book of Esther


F

The sixth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


G

The seventh letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Genesis

Borrowed from Dutch Genesis, from Middle Dutch genesis, from Latin Genesis, from Ancient Greek γένεσις (génesis).

(religion, biblical) Genesis (the first book in the Hebrew Bible)(religion, Christianity, biblical)


H

The eighth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Hamal

From Arabic الحَمَل (al-ḥamal, “Aries”), from Arabic حَمَل (ḥamal, “lamb”).


I

The ninth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Imam

(Islam, all sects) anyone who leads a group of Muslims in prayer

(Sunni Islam) imam; a trained cleric who leads a congregation


J

The tenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Juli

From Dutch juli, from Latin iūlius, from Iuppiter, from Proto-Indo-European *dyeu-pəter-.


Juni

Jun (alternative)
Yuni (alternative)
Djuni (alternative)

From Dutch juni, from Latin iūnius, the month of the goddess Iuno (“Juno”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *yuwn̥kós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyu (“vital force, youthful vigor”).


K

The eleventh letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


L

The twelfth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


M

The thirteenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


M

Abbreviation of Masehi (“CE; Christian Era”).


Mars

(rare)

(astronomy) the fourth planet in the Solar System; represented by the symbol ♂

Mars
(Roman mythology) the Roman god of war


Minggu

Minggu-Minggu (plural)
Minggoe (alternative)

From Malay Minggu, a clipping of domingo, from Latin dominīcus. Compare to Baba Malay Minggu.

days of the week: hari-hari dalam sepekan: Ahad

Minggu · Senin · Selasa · Rabu · Kamis · Jumat · Sabtu [edit]


N

The fourteenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Natal

From Malay Natal, from Portuguese Natal, from Old Galician-Portuguese Natal, from Latin nātālis [diēs Dominī] (“birthday of the Lord”).

(Christianity) Christmas (festival observed on December 25 commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ)


O

The fifteenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Oktober

From Dutch oktober, from Latin Octōber (“eighth month”), from Latin octō (“eight”), from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw (“twice four”). October was the eighth month in the Roman calendar.


Os

(healthcare) Initialism of orang sakit (“patient”, literally “sick person”).


PK

prajurit karier
prajurit karier#Indonesian

(military) Initialism of prajurit karier.

peninjauan kembali
peninjauan kembali#Indonesian

perjanjian kinerja
perjanjian kinerja#Indonesian

(management) Initialism of perjanjian kinerja.

mechanical engineering
mechanical engineering

(mechanical engineering) Initialism of paardenkracht (“horsepower”).


Perak

Unadapted borrowing from Javanese perak (ꦥꦺꦫꦏ꧀, “silver”).


Perancis

Nonstandard form of Prancis.: France (a country in Western Europe)


Rut

From Ruth the Moabite, Hebrew רות, of uncertain origin, possibly meaning "companion".

(biblical) A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh

(biblical) The resident of Moab around whom the text centers


S

The nineteenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Soma

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦺꦴꦩ (soma), from Old Javanese [Term?], from Sanskrit सोम (soma).

Monday: The second day of the week in many religious traditions, and the first day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm. It follows Sunday and precedes Tuesday


SPAM

(engineering) Initialism of sistem penyediaan air minum (literally “drinking water supply system”).


Tiara

Tiyara (alternative)
Tyara (alternative)

Tiara Andini, b. 2001

"Ya, namamu Tiara." Ditunjuknya si perempuan. "Tiara." Lalu dirinya sendiri. "Tristan."

2017, Ghyna Amanda, The Lost Bride, MokaMedia, →ISBN, page 27:

"Yes, your name is Tiara." He pointed to the girl. "Tiara." And later himself. "Tristan."

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Tiara


akan

Inherited from Malay akan, from Proto-Malayic *akən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *akən.

kan (alternative clipping)
'kan (alternative clipping)

Aku akan makan setelah menyapu lantai.

I'm going to eat after sweeping the floor.


akan

kaya akan keberagaman/tradisi


daring

Blend of dalam (“on”) + jaringan (“network”).

blend

Bahasa dalam media daring tidak terlepas dari konteks budaya dan latar sosial.

2019, Wayan Pageyasa, Nur Ihsan HL., Kekerasan Bahasa Di Media Daring Nasional, Deepublish Publisher, page 9:

Language in online media cannot be separated from the cultural context and social background.


daring

Clipping of kelas daring (“online class”).


maria

Borrowed from English maria, plural of mare, from Latin mare (“sea”).


polen

Internationalism, from Dutch pollen, from Latin pollen.

(botany) pollen: A fine granular substance produced in flowers. Technically a collective term for pollen grains (microspores) produced in the anthers of flowering plants


kina

From English kina, from Tolai kina (“oyster or clamshell”).

kina: the national currency of Papua New Guinea, divided into 100 toea


tatar

Inherited from Malay تاتر (tatar), from Minangkabau [Term?].


tatar

Inherited from Malay تاتر (tatar), from Old Javanese tatar, tatā.


à la carte

Unadapted borrowing from French à la carte (“on the menu”).


DB

demam berdarah
demam berdarah#Indonesian

Initialism of demam berdarah (“hemorrhagic fever”).


bison

From English bison, from Middle English bisontes (plural), from Old French bison, from Latin bisōn, bisōnt- (“wild ox”), from Proto-Germanic *wisundaz (“wild ox, aurochs”), from Proto-Indo-European *wisAn- (“aurochs, aurochs horn”), from Proto-Indo-European *weys- (“to flow, melt”).

der

bison: a large, wild bovid of the genus Bison


loki

From Hokkien 老妓, compound of 老 (ló, ló͘) + 妓 (kī, ki, “prostitute”).


abas

(dialectal) the stopper at the end of the tukil is made of coconut fiber or leaves, and functions as a filter to prevent insects from entering when the sap is poured


abas

Learned borrowing from Latin abbas (“abbot”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”), from Proto-Semitic *ʾab- (“father”). Doublet of aba, abi, and abu.


abas

Blend of anak (“kid”) + basket (“basketball”).

blend

(chiefly Jakarta, school slang) basketball team member


brigade

brigadê (canonical)
brigade-brigade (plural)
brigéd (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch brigade, from French brigade, from Italian brigata. Doublet of bregada.

brigade: a military unit consisting of two or more regiments, often using combined arms or of diverse disciplines


piramida

Internationalism. Borrowed from Dutch piramide, from French pyramide, from Old French piramide, from Latin pȳramis, pȳramidis, from Ancient Greek πῡραμίς (pūramís), possibly from πῡρός (pūrós, “wheat”) + ἀμάω (amáō, “reap”) or from Egyptian pr-m-ws (“height of a pyramid”), from pr (“(one that) comes forth”) + m (“from”) + ws (“height”).

der

an ancient massive construction with a square or rectangular base and four triangular sides meeting in an apex, such as those built as tombs in Egypt or as bases for temples in Mesoamerica

(construction) a construction in the shape of a pyramid, usually with a square or rectangular base

(geometry) a solid with triangular lateral faces and a polygonal (often square or rectangular) base


sekretariat

id-noun

sékrêtariat (plural sekretariat-sekretariat or para sekretariat)

sékrêtariat (canonical)
sekretariat-sekretariat (plural)
para sekretariat (plural)

From Dutch secretariaat, from French secrétariat, from Medieval Latin secretariatus, from Latin sēcrētārius (“secretary”).


tim

From Dutch team, from English team, from Middle English teme.

team (any group of people involved in the same activity, especially sports or work)


tim

to steam (to cook with steam, especially of a Chinese cooking)


seminar

sêminar (canonical)
seminar-seminar (plural)

From Dutch seminar, from Latin sēminārium, from sēmen (“seed”). Doublet of seminari.


kabul

kabul-kabul (plural)
kaboel (alternative)

Inherited from Malay kabul, from Classical Malay kabul, from Arabic قَبُول (qabūl).


PETA

(historical) Acronym of Pembela Tanah Air.


unilateral

Internationalism, lateral + uni-, from New Latin ūnilaterālis (“one-sided”).


dermatitis

Internationalism, learned borrowing from New Latin dermatītis, from Ancient Greek δερματῖτις (dermatîtis).


reka

From Malay reka from Sanskrit रेखा (rekhā, “outline, drawing”).


duodenum

duodénum (canonical)
duodenum-duodenum (plural)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin duodēnum digitōrum (“duodenum”)


kir

From Dutch keur (“seal”), from Middle Dutch core, cuere, from Old Dutch kuri, from Proto-West Germanic *kuʀi.


pneumonia

From Ancient Greek πνευμονία (pneumonía, “lung disease”), from πνεύμων (pneúmōn, “lung”) + -ία (-ía).

der

(pathology) pneumonia (an acute or chronic inflammation of the lungs caused by viruses, bacteria or other microorganisms, or sometimes by physical or chemical irritants)


raja

raja-raja (plural)
para raja (plural)
radja (alternative)

From Malay raja, from Classical Malay raja, from Sanskrit राजन् (rājan, “king, prince”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrā́ȷ́ā (“king”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrā́ȷ́ā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵ-ō, from *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”).

merajai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

merajakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

(card games) king; a playing card with the letter "K" and the image of a king on it, the thirteenth card in a given suit

(xiangqi) general; a xiangqi piece that is moved one point orthogonally and confined within the palace


raja

Asia Raja

(1901–1947, 1947–1972) Superseded spelling of raya.


rani

From Malay rani, from Prakrit 𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻 (rāṇī), from Sanskrit राज्ञी (rājñī, “queen, princess”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrā́ȷ́niH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrā́ȷ́niH, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵnih₂.


limun

limun-limun (plural)
limonade (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch limoen (“lime”), from Middle Dutch limoen, from Middle French limon.

a flavoured beverage consisting of water, lemon, and sweetener, sometimes ice, served mainly as a refreshment

a clear, usually carbonated, beverage made from lemon or artificial lemon flavouring, water, and sugar


limun

Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦶꦩꦸꦤ꧀ (limun, “fog”).


tuan

From Malay tuan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatuan (“deity”). Doublet of tuhan.

someone who has control over something or someone


peleton

pêlêton (canonical)
peleton-peleton (plural)
platun (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch peloton, ultimately from French peloton.

(military) platoon: a unit of thirty to forty soldiers typically commanded by a lieutenant and forming part of a company


PO

(management) Initialism of petunjuk operasional (“operational guideline”).

(road transport) Initialism of perusahaan otobus (“bus company”).


omerta

Unadapted borrowing from Italian omertà, from a Southern dialectal rhotacist variant of umiltà (“humility”), from Latin humilitās, from humilis (“humble”), from humus (“ground, soil”).


dengue

dengue-dengue (plural)
dénggé (alternative)
dénggi (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch dengue, from Spanish dengue or indirectly via French dengue (itself from Spanish), probably from Swahili dinga (“sudden attack, seizure”).

der

(medicine, pathology) dengue: an acute febrile disease of the (sub)tropics caused by the Dengue virus, a flavivirus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, and characterized by high fever, rash, headache, and severe muscle and joint pain.


balsam

balsam-balsam (plural)
balsêm (alternative)

From Malay balsam, from English balsam, from Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon, “balsam”), of Semitic origin (Hebrew בושם (“spice, perfume”)).
* The word displaced balsêm, the loanword-cognate from Dutch balsem.

balsam: a sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants


raya

From Malay raya, from Proto-Malayic *raya, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀaya, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀaya.


automobil

car, automobile, a vehicle steered by a driver


sais

From Malay sais, from Hindi साईस (sāīs), सईस (saīs, “groom”) (Hindustani), from Arabic سَائِس (sāʔis, “stableman, groom”), from سَاس (sās, “to tend a horse”).


Islandia

North Atlantic Ocean
North Atlantic Ocean#English

Iceland (an island and country in the North Atlantic Ocean in Europe)


areola

Learned borrowing from Latin āreola (“small vacant space, garden”), diminutive of ārea.

lbor

(anatomy) the circular, darkly pigmented area surrounding a nipple; the areola mammae.

(anatomy) any small circular area that is different from its immediate environment, such as the colored ring around the pupil of the eye (iris) or an inflamed region surrounding a pimple.

(anatomy) any of the small spaces throughout areolar connective tissue.


taco

(cooking) Alternative spelling of tako (“taco”)


secco

Unadapted borrowing from Italian secco (literally “dry”), from Latin siccus, from Proto-Indo-European *seyk-.

ubor

(art) secco: A work painted on dry plaster, as distinguished from a fresco


pura

From Malay pura (“castle town”), from Sanskrit पुर (pura). Doublet of puri.
* The sense "temple" is a semantic loan from Balinese ᬧᬸᬭ (pura), ultimately from same Sanskrit word.

(Hinduism) Pura, a Balinese Hindu temple


anarki

Borrowed from Dutch anarchie, from Middle French anarchie, from Latin anarchia, from Ancient Greek ἀναρχία (anarkhía).

(politics) a political regime (or movement to establish it) lacking any form of political authority or government

(figuratively) a state of utter disorder, advanced disorganization and confusion


Muhammad

From Malay Muhammad, from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad).

Muchamad (alternative)
Muchammad (alternative)
Mochamad (alternative)
Mochammad (alternative)
Mohamad (alternative)
Mohammad (alternative)
Muhamad (alternative)

Baháʼí Baháʼí

(Islam) Muhammad (the figure who introduced Islam, and the man to whom the Qur'an was revealed; considered a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís)


bensin

bènsin (canonical)
bensin-bensin (plural)

From Dutch benzine, from German Benzin. Doublet of benzena.

(oil industry) gasoline (US), petrol (UK)


dosa

From Malay dosa, from Classical Malay dosa, from Sanskrit दोष (doṣa).


ulama

From Malay ulama,
from Classical Malay ulama, from Arabic عُلَمَاء (ʕulamāʔ), plural of عَالِم (ʕālim, “learned one”).


johan

From Malay johan, from Classical Persian جهان (jahān, “world”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (gyhʾn' /gēhān/, “worldly creatures, world”), from plural genitive form of Proto-Iranian *gay-θā-.


Ramadan

Inherited from Malay Ramadan, from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).

Ramadhan (alternative proscribed)
Ramadlan (alternative archaic)


fakir

fakir-fakir (plural)
faqir (alternative)
pakir (alternative)
pekir (alternative)

From Malay fakir, from Arabic فَقِير (faqīr, “poor”).


fitnah

From Malay fitnah, from Arabic فِتْنَة (fitna, “sedition, strife”).

slander (false or unsupported spoken malicious statement)


fitnah

head

fitnah (active memfitnah, passive difitnah)


azan

azan-azan (plural)
adan (alternative)
adhan (alternative)
adzan (alternative)

From Malay azan, adzan, adan, from Classical Malay azan, adan, adzan, adhan, from Arabic أَذَان (ʔaḏān).


DPS

Dewan Pengawas Syariah
w:id:Dewan Pengawas Syariah

(finance) Initialism of Dewan Pengawas Syariah.


DPS

daftar pemilih sementara
daftar pemilih sementara#Indonesian

(politics) Initialism of daftar pemilih sementara.


Safar

Inherited from Malay Safar, from Arabic صَفَر (ṣafar). Doublet of sifar and zero.

Safar (the second month of the Islamic calendar)


hikmah

From Malay hikmah, from Classical Malay hikmah, from Arabic حِكْمَة (ḥikma). Doublet of hikmat.


iman

a trust or confidence in the intentions or abilities of a person, object, or ideal from prior empirical evidence

a conviction about abstractions, ideas, or beliefs, without empirical evidence, experience, or observation


kafir

From Malay kafir, from Classical Malay kafir (“infidel”), from Arabic كَافِر (kāfir, “denier, unbeliever”).
* The sense “non-Jew” is a semantic loan from Hebrew גּוֹי (goi, “nation”) and semantic loan from Ancient Greek ἐθνικός (ethnikós).

semantic loan

(in general senses) unbeliever, non-believer, infidel

(Islam) a kafir, a disbeliever, a denier, someone who denies the truths from Allah; or more broadly any non-Muslim


masjid

masjid-masjid (plural)
mesjid (alternative colloquial)
mesigit (alternative nonstandard rare)

[məsˈd͡ʒɪt̪̚]

From Malay masjid, from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid), from the root س ج د (s j d).


mihrab

mihrab (a niche in a mosque that indicates the qibla, and into which the imam prays)


PT

(business) initialism of perseroan terbatas (“limited company”).

perguruan tinggi
perguruan tinggi#Indonesian

(education) initialism of perguruan tinggi (“higher education institution”).


ADR

adverse drug reaction
w:adverse drug reaction

(pharmacology, healthcare) Initialism of adverse drug reaction.


rasul

From Malay rasul, from Arabic رَسُول (rasūl, “messenger”).

(Islam) rasul: a prophet or messenger in Islam; Muhammad, as a special messenger of God

Kisah Para Rasul

any of the group of twelve disciples chosen by Jesus to preach and spread the Gospel


salat

salat-salat (plural)
shalat (alternative nonstandard)
solat (alternative nonstandard)
sholat (alternative nonstandard)

From Arabic صَلَاة (ṣalāh). Cognate of Malay solat.

(Islam) salat (obligatory prayer that Muslims are called to perform five times a day)


tafsir

tafsir-tafsir (plural)
tafsir (root)
menafsir (active nominative)
tertafsir (nominative passive)
ditafsir (nominative passive)
tafsirlah (nominative)
menafsirkan (active)
tertafsirkan (passive)
ditafsirkan (passive)
tafsirkan
tafsirkanlah

From Malay tafsir, from Arabic تَفْسِير (tafsīr, “interpretation”).
* Displaced Dutch uitleg (“explanation”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

der

(Islam) tafsir: Grammatical, historical, allegorical or traditional interpretations of the Qur'an


zakat

From Malay zakat, from Classical Malay زكاة (zakat), from Arabic زَكَوٰة (zakāh).

(Islam) zakat: almsgiving, one of the five pillars of Islam


WP

(taxation) Initialism of wajib pajak (“taxpayer”).


PTT

pegawai tidak tetap
pegawai tidak tetap#Indonesian


DNR

do not resuscitate
w:en:do not resuscitate

(medicine) Initialism of do not resuscitate, a legal document by which a patient may direct which medical procedures they do and do not wish to undergo in the case that they are incapacitated.


PMI

Initialism of Palang Merah Indonesia. (the Indonesian Red Cross Society)


APS

atas permintaan sendiri
atas permintaan sendiri#Indonesian

(healthcare, colloquial) Initialism of atas permintaan sendiri (“against medical advice”, literally “by personal request”).


IMS

infeksi menular seksual
infeksi menular seksual#Indonesian

sexually transmitted disease
sexually transmitted disease

(medicine, pathology) Initialism of infeksi menular seksual (“sexually transmitted disease, venereal disease”).


kosmonaut

id-noun

kosmonaut (plural kosmonaut-kosmonaut or para kosmonaut)

kosmonaut-kosmonaut (plural)
para kosmonaut (plural)


BP

bawah perintah
bawah perintah#Indonesian

(military) Initialism of bawah perintah (“assignment; under command”).


BP

Initialism of bekal pokok (“basic allowance”).

Initialism of buku petunjuk (“directory; manual, guide, regulation”).


GI

(electricity) Initialism of gardu induk.


ureter

Learned borrowing from Latin ūrētēr, from Ancient Greek οὐρητήρ (ourētḗr).


table d'hôte

Unadapted borrowing from French table d’hôte (“table of the host”).

ubor

table d'hôte (a menu offering a complete meal, with little choice, at a fixed price)


volte-face

Unadapted borrowing from French volte-face (“U-turn”)

volte-face, about-face, U-turn: a reversal of attitude, policy, or principle


KP

(education) Initialism of kerja praktik.


literal

From English literal, from Old French literal, from Late Latin litteralis, also literalis (“of or pertaining to letters or to writing”), from Latin littera, litera (“a letter”).


DP

Initialism of daerah persiapan (“preparatory area”).


ABS

asal bapak senang
asal bapak senang#Indonesian


NIP

acronym of nomor induk pegawai (“worker registration number”).

initialism of nomor induk pegawai (“worker registration number”).


BMD

barang milik daerah
barang milik daerah#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of barang milik daerah.


DKA

diabetic ketoacidosis
diabetic ketoacidosis#English

(endocrinology) Initialism of diabetic ketoacidosis.

dermatitis kontak
dermatitis kontak#Indonesian

(dermatology) Initialism of dermatitis kontak alergi (“contact irritant dermatitis”).


PPI

(education, rail transport) Initialism of Politeknik Perkeretaapian Indonesia (“Indonesia Train Polytechnic”).

w:id:Direktorat Jenderal Perundingan Perdagangan Internasional

(government, trading) Initialism of Perundingan Perdagangan Internasional (“international trade negotiation”).

Perusahaan Perdagangan Indonesia
w:id:Perusahaan Perdagangan Indonesia

(business, trading) Initialism of Perusahaan Perdagangan Indonesia (“Indonesia Trading Company”).

Perhimpunan Pelajar Indonesia
w:id:Perhimpunan Pelajar Indonesia

(education) Initialism of Perhimpunan Pelajar Indonesia (“Indonesian Student Association”).


PPI

(healthcare) Initialism of pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi (“infection control and prevention”).


ICU

From English ICU (“intensive care unit”).

intensive care unit, a hospital ward into which critically ill patients, in danger of dying, are admitted and closely monitored


PL

Initialism of pemeriksaan luar (“external examination”).


graf

(linguistics, typography) graph: A graphical unit on the token-level, the abstracted fundamental shape of a character or letter as distinct from its ductus (realization in a particular typeface or handwriting on the instance-level) and as distinct by a grapheme on the type-level by not fundamentally distinguishing meaning


arugula

From English arugula, probably from Italian rucola.


LSM

lembaga swadaya masyarakat
lembaga swadaya masyarakat#Indonesian

Initialism of lembaga swadaya masyarakat.


amato

From Ambonese Malay amato, probably from Portuguese amado (“beloved”), from Latin amātus, perfect passive participle of amō (“I love”).


aman

head

aman (comparative lebih aman, superlative paling aman or teraman, equative seaman)

lebih aman (comparative)
paling aman (superlative)
teraman (superlative)
seaman (equative)

From Malay aman, from Classical Malay امان (aman), from Arabic أَمَان (ʔamān, “tranquillity, peacefulness”).


aman

- Aman gak?
- Aman, semuanya udah terkendali!

- Is everything alright?
- It's all good, everything's under control!


jejunum

jéjunum (canonical)
jejunum-jejunum (plural)
yeyunum (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin iēiūnum, neuter of iēiūnus.

(anatomy) jejunum: the central of the three divisions of the small intestine which lies between the duodenum and the ileum


geometri

géomètri (canonical)
geometri-geometri (plural)

From Dutch geometrie (“geometry”), from Old French géométrie, from Latin geometria, from Ancient Greek γεωμετρία (geōmetría, “geometry, land-survey”), from γεωμέτρης (geōmétrēs, “land measurer”), from γῆ (gê, “earth, land, country”) + -μετρία (-metría, “measurement”), from μέτρον (métron, “a measure”).


SU

(education) Initialism of sarjana utama (“master's degree”).


TD

(healthcare) Initialism of tekanan darah (“blood pressure”).


IPS

ilmu pengetahuan sosial
ilmu pengetahuan sosial#Indonesian


kia

From Classical Persian بخیه (baxiya, “stitch, suture”).


PRT

pekerja rumah tangga
pekerja rumah tangga#Indonesian

Initialism of pekerja rumah tangga (“domestic worker”).

pembantu rumah tangga
pembantu rumah tangga#Indonesian

(dated) Initialism of pembantu rumah tangga (“domestic worker”).


PSR

pakaian sipil resmi
pakaian sipil resmi#Indonesian


sinus

Borrowed from Dutch sinus, from Latin sinus.

(anatomy) a pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities (the paranasal sinus)

(pathology) an abnormal cavity or passage such as a fistula, leading from a deep-seated infection and discharging pus to the surface

(trigonometry) sine: in a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the hypotenuse


STN

sekolah teknik negeri
sekolah teknik negeri#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of sekolah teknik negeri.


BAA

Initialism of biro administrasi akademik.


domino

domino-domino (plural)
dom (alternative abbreviation apocopic)

Borrowed from English domino, from French domino, originally the term for a hooded garment, itself from Medieval Latin domino, oblique case of dominus (“lord, master”).

dominoes: any of several games played by arranging domino tiles on a flat surface

(dominoes) domino: a tile divided into two squares, each having 0 to 6 (or sometimes more) dots or pips (as in dice), used in the game of dominoes


abasia

(clinical psychology, neurology) abasia; an inability to walk due to a defect in muscular coordination


abortus

Borrowed from Dutch abortus, from Latin abortus, perfect active participle from aborior (“pass away; miscarry”), from ab (“from, away from”) + orior (“rise, get up; appear”). Doublet of aborsi.


tonsil

tonsil-tonsil (plural)
tongsil (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch tonsil, from French tonsille or Latin tonsillae (“the tonsils in the throat”, plural).


Aristoteles

Via Latin Aristotelēs from Ancient Greek Ἀριστοτέλης (Aristotélēs).


toh

From Dutch toch, from Middle Dutch toch, alteration of doch, from Middle Dutch doch, from Old Dutch thoh, from Proto-West Germanic *þauh, from Proto-Germanic *þauh.

moreover, after all, see lagipula, lagian


toh

From Javanese ꦠꦺꦴꦃ (toh), from Old Javanese twah (“birthmark”).


sputum

Pemeriksaan sputum penting dilakukan untuk mendiagnosis berbagai penyakit pernafasan.

Sputum examination is important for diagnosis of many respiratory diseases.


DOM

daerah operasi militer
daerah operasi militer#Indonesian

Acronym of daerah operasi militer (“Military Operation Area”).


diuresis

Learned borrowing from New Latin diūrēsis, from Ancient Greek διουρέω (diouréō, “to urinate”) + -σις (-sis).

der

(biology, medicine, physiology) diuresis


cerca

From Malay cerca, from Sanskrit चर्चा (carcā, “discussion, talk, inquiry, trouble”).


donor

Borrowed from Dutch donor, from English donor, from Middle English donoure, from Old French doneur.


papir

rolling paper: a specialty paper used for making cigarettes


balerina

balêrina (canonical)
balerina-balerina (plural)
balérina (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch ballerina, from Italian ballerina.