cat

paint (a substance that is applied as a liquid or paste, and dries into a solid coating that protects or adds color/colour to an object or surface to which it has been applied)


cat

to apply in the manner that paint is applied

to cover (something) with spots of colour, like paint


gratis

Borrowed from Dutch gratis, from Latin grātīs, contraction of grātiīs.

Aku dapat kopi ini dengan gratis.


A

From the Latin letter A, from the Etruscan letter 𐌀 (a), from the Ancient Greek letter Α (A, “alpha”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓃾.

The first letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


A

From the initial position of the letter A in the Indonesian alphabet.

a rank, normally the highest rank, on any of various scales that assign letters

(education) the highest letter grade assigned (disregarding plusses and minuses)

(music) a tone three fifths above C in the cycle of fifths; the sixth tone of the C major scale; the first note of the minor scale of A minor; the reference tone that occurs at exactly 440 Hz; the printed or written note A; the scale with A as its keynote

(vehicle-distinguishing signs) vehicle number plate code for the Banten, Cilegon, Serang, Pandeglang, Lebak and Tangerang areas


April

From Dutch april, from Middle Dutch april, from Latin Aprīlis. Cognate with Afrikaans April, Malay April.


September

From Dutch september, from Latin September (“seventh month”).


November

Novembêr (canonical)
Nopember (alternative nonstandard)

From Dutch november, from Latin November (“ninth month”).


barter

id-noun

barter (countable and uncountable, plural barter-barter)

barter (an exchange of goods or services without the use of money)

barter (the goods or services used in such an exchange)


barter

head

bartêr (active membarter, passive dibarter)

bartêr (canonical)
membarter (active)
dibarter (passive)


f

The sixth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


a-

From Sanskrit अ- (a-, “un-, not”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *a-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.
* Reinforced as borrowing from Dutch a-, from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (form ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel), from Proto-Hellenic *ə-, from the same Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.


abate

A genericized trademark of a BASF trademark.

a powdered larvacide, see temefos for further information


abdomen

From Dutch abdomen, from Middle French abdomen, from Latin abdōmen.

abdomen (the belly, or any of the similar part, not including the back)

(entomology) abdomen (the posterior section of an arthropod's body)


abdominal

abdominal (of or pertaining to the abdomen)

(ichthyology) abdominal (having abdominal fins)


abet

id-noun

abet (usually uncountable, plural abet-abet)

Borrowed from Betawi abet, from Balinese ᬳᬩᭂᬢ᭄ (abet, “behavior, manner”).


ablaut

From English ablaut, from German Ablaut (“sound gradation”).

ablaut (substitution of one root vowel for another)


abnormal

From Dutch abnormaal, from English abnormal or German abnormal. Equivalent of ab- (“away from”) + normal.

abnormal (not conforming to rule or system)


abomasum

Learned borrowing from New Latin abomāsum

lbor

abomasum (the fourth or digestive stomach of a ruminant)


robot

Borrowed from English robot, borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.


y

The twenty-fifth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


absis

(geometry, surveying) the first of the two terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of fixed rectilinear coordinate (Cartesian coordinate) axes

(geometry, surveying) the horizontal line representing an axis of a Cartesian coordinate system, on which the abscissa (sense above) is shown


abstain

(politics) to abstain (to deliberately refrain from casting one's vote at a meeting where one is present)

(formal, rare, medicine) to abstain (to fast, diet)


avatar

From English avatar, from Hindustani अवतार / اوتار (avtār), from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”). Doublet of awatara.

der

(Hinduism) avatar (the incarnation of a deity, particularly Vishnu)

(computing) avatar (a digital representation of a person or being)


de

The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.


en

The name of the Latin-script letter N/n.


te

The name of the Latin-script letter T/t.


o

The fifteenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


zero

Borrowed from Dutch zero. Doublet of Safar and sifar.


zero

zero (the value of a magnitude corresponding to the cardinal number zero)

(rare, of other senses) Synonym of nol (“zero”)


FTP

(education) Initialism of fakultas teknologi pertanian.


PM

polisi militer
polisi militer#Indonesian

(military, law enforcement) initialism of polisi militer (“military police”).

perdana menteri
perdana menteri#Indonesian

(politics, government) initialism of perdana menteri (“prime minister”).


AD

angkatan darat
angkatan darat#Indonesian

anggaran dasar
anggaran dasar#Indonesian


i

The ninth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


bit

Borrowed from English bit (“binary digit”).

bor+

(computing) bit, smallest unit of storage


bit

Borrowed from Dutch biet, from Middle Dutch bete, from Latin bēta.

buah bit ― beetroot

Beta vulgaris
Beta vulgaris#Translingual

common beet, beetroot, sugar beet, and chard (Beta vulgaris)


bit

Borrowed from English bit, from Middle English bitte, bite, from Old English bita (“bit; fragment; morsel”) and bite (“a bite; cut”), from Proto-Germanic *bitô and *bitiz; both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”).

der

an excerpt of material making up part of a show, comedy routine, etc.

a gag or put-on; a humorous conceit, especially when insistently presented as true


sun

From Dutch zoen (“kiss”), from Middle Dutch zoene, soen, soene, swoene (“reconciliation; atonement; kiss”), from Old Dutch *sōna, *swōna (“reconciliation; peace; agreement”), from Proto-Germanic *sōnō, *swōnō (“appeasement; reconciliation; atonement; sacrifice”), from Proto-Indo-European *swā-n- (“healthy; whole; active; vigorous”).

kiss, a touch with the lips, usually to express love or affection, or as a greeting


be

The name of the Latin-script letter B/b.


are

From Dutch are, from French are, from Latin ārea. Doublet of area.

are; an SI unit of area equal to 100 square metres, or a former unit of approximately the same extent


mandat

From Dutch mandaat, from Middle Dutch mandaet, from Old French mandat, from Latin mandātum.

mandate (the authority to do something or to act)


bot

Borrowed from English boot, from Middle English boote, bote (“shoe”), from Old French bote (“a high, thick shoe”). Compare Standard Malay but.

(footware) boot: a heavy shoe that covers part of the leg


bot

(computing) a piece of software designed to perform a minor but repetitive task automatically or on command, especially when operating with the appearance of a (human) user profile or account


bot

a container made from nibung fronds, usually used to hold water


aria

From Dutch aria, from Italian aria, metathesis from Latin āerem, accusative of āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”).

(music) aria (a type of musical piece written typically for a solo voice)


NATO

international relations
international relations

(international relations, military, politics) NATO


sela

interval, break (time in between two events)


sela

Borrowed from Portuguese sela, from Old Galician-Portuguese sela, from Latin sella, from Proto-Italic *sedlā.

(archaic) saddle (a seat for a rider placed on the back of a horse or other animal)


sela

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦺꦭ (séla, “stone, precious stone, benzoin resin”), from Old Javanese śilā (“stone”), from Sanskrit शिला (śilā, “stone, rock”).


sela

Alternative form of sila (“to sit cross-legged”)


hamper

hampêr (canonical)
hamper-hamper (plural)
hampers (alternative)

a gift, especially in a hamper or something similar


Israel

From Dutch Israël, from Middle Dutch israel, from Old Dutch israel, from Latin Isrāēl, from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל. Doublet of Israil.

A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean

(biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people

(historical) An ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel

(historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah


Estonia

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Estonia.

lbor

Estonia (a country in northeastern Europe, on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea)


Austria

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin Austria, a Latinization of Old High German Ostarrîchi (the first element of which means "east" and stems from Proto-Germanic *austraz (“eastern”), and the second element of which is rīhhi (“realm”); it, in turn, is a calque of Latin Marchia austriaca (“eastern borderland”).


Malaysia

orang Malaysia


bank

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch bank (“bank”). Doublet of bangku.

ubor

Bank Internasional untuk Pemulihan dan Pembangunan

Bank Internasional untuk Rekonstruksi dan Pembangunan

(banking, finance) an institution where one can place and borrow money and take care of financial affairs

a safe and guaranteed place of storage for and retrieval of important items or goods


global

Borrowed from Dutch globaal, from French global, globe, from Latin globus (“globe, sphere”).


but

(computing) bootstrap (process by which the operating system of a computer is loaded into its memory)


digital

From Dutch digitaal, from Latin digitālis or Middle French digital, itself from Latin.

(surveying) property of representing values as discrete, often binary, numbers rather than a continuous spectrum

(computing) of or relating to computers or the Information Age


SIM

surat izin mengemudi
surat izin mengemudi#Indonesian

Acronym of surat izin mengemudi (“driving licence”).

(management) Acronym of sistem informasi manajemen.


radio

From Dutch radio, from English radio, from Latin radius.


ci

(obsolete) weight unit 1/10 tahil (for opium)


ci

id-noun

ci (countable and uncountable, plural ci-ci)

From Sundanese ci, perhaps derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ.

river (large stream which drains a landmass), specifically, those located in Banten, West Java, and far-western Central Java


ci

alternative form of taci (“elder sister”)


Andorra

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


Albania

From Dutch Albanië, from Byzantine Greek Ἀλβανία (Albanía).

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Armenia

Ultimately from Latin Armenia, from Ancient Greek Ἀρμενία (Armenía) (early 5th century BC), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 (a-r-mi-i-n /Armina/) (late 6th century BC); see it for more.

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Armenia

Armenian (of, from, or pertaining to Armenia, Armenians, the language or alphabet)


Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan (a country in South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


Bulgaria

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Bulgaria.

lbor

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Denmark

Internationalism, borrowed from English Denmark, from Danish Danmark, from Old Norse Danmǫrk.


Indonesia

From English Indonesia, from Ancient Greek Ἰνδός (Indós, “Indus, India”) + νησιά (nēsiá, “islands”).

der

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


India

From Dutch India, from Latin India, from Ancient Greek Ἰνδία (Indía), from Ancient Greek Ἰνδός (Indós, “Indus river”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿdūš), from Sanskrit सिन्धु (sindhu), ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”).


Iran

From Persian ایران (irân), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾērān, “of the Aryans”). See 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾērān) for word formation, further etymology and cognates. Doublet of aria, arya, Arya, and ayah.

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


gas

id-noun

gas (countable and uncountable, plural gas-gas)

From Dutch gas (“gas”), a term coined by chemist Jan Baptist van Helmont. Perhaps inspired by geest (“breath, vapour, spirit”) or by chaos (“chaos”), from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos, “chasm, void”).

der

(physical chemistry) gas, matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma


gas

(colloquial) to hit the gas, to accelerate


Lebanon

From English Lebanon, from Biblical Hebrew לְבָנוֹן (ləḇānôn). Cognate with Malay Lubnan.

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


mars

From Dutch mars, from Middle French marcher (“to march, walk”), from Old French marchier (“to stride, to march, to trample”).

march (a formal, rhythmic way of walking)

march (any song in the genre of music written for marching)


mi

From Malay mi (“noodle”), from Hokkien 麵 /面 (mī, “noodle, flour”).


mi

From Latin mīra, from the first word of the third line of Ut queant laxis, the medieval hymn which solfège was based on because its lines started on each note of the scale successively.

(music) mi, a syllable used in sol-fa (solfège) to represent the third note of a major scale


Portugal

From Malay Portugal, from Portuguese Portugal, from Latin Portus Cale.

Portugal (a country in Southern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula)


Thailand

Unadapted borrowing from English Thailand.


mortar

From English mortar, from Middle English morter, from Old French mortier, from Latin mortārium. Doublet of mortir.

a mixture of lime or cement, sand and water used for bonding building blocks

a hollow vessel used to pound, crush, rub, grind or mix ingredients with a pestle


amar

From Malay amar, from Classical Malay امر (amar), from Arabic أَمْر (ʔamr).


absurd

From Dutch absurd, from Middle French absurde, from Latin absurdus.


bio

(dialectal) baby porridge made from sago


bio

Borrowed from Hokkien 廟／庙 (biō, biāu, “temple”).

a special temple for Chinese descendants


Australia

Australia (A country consisting of a main island, the island of Tasmania and other smaller islands, located in Oceania; historically, a collection of former colonies of the British Empire)

Rey menjalankan SMA-nya di Australia.

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the land on the Australian tectonic plate, i.e. Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


Brunei

From Malay Brunei, from Classical Malay بروني (Brunei), probably ultimately from Sanskrit वरुण (váruṇa).


Belarus

Bélarus (canonical)
Belarusia (alternative)

Internationalism, from Belarusian Белару́сь (Bjelarúsʹ), historical Бе́лая Русь (Bjélaja Rusʹ, “White Ruthenia or White Rus”), from Old East Slavic Бѣла Русь (Běla Rusĭ, “White Ruthenia or White Rus”).


ace

From either or both:
* Hokkien 阿姊 (á-chí / á-ché, “eldest sister; elder sister”)
* Hakka 阿姊 (a¹ ji³ / â-che, “elder sister”)
Compare Tagalog ate, Kapampangan atsi.


map

From Dutch map, from German Mappe, from Latin mappa.

folder (an organizer that papers are kept in)


Wales

Wales (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Sri Lanka

From Sanskrit श्री लङ्का (śrī laṅkā, literally “holy island”).

der

Sri Lanka (an island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India)


Georgia

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Geōrgia.

lbor

Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)


yeti

From Tibetan གཡའ་དྲེད (g.ya' dred, “rock bear”), compound of གཡའ (g.ya', “rocky or rocky place”) and དྲེད (dred, “bear”).

der

(cryptozoology) yeti (an unidentified humanoid animal said to live in the Himalayas)


radar

radar (method of detecting distant objects)


Taiwan

The modern form may possibly be from English Taiwan or way older form reminiscent of Dutch Tayouan, from possibly Siraya. Recorded historically in Dutch as Tayouan (and other variants), and in Hokkien 大員 /大员 (Tāi-oân) (and other variants). The term initially referred to a sandbank peninsula that later silted up now wholly part of the island in the area of modern-day Anping District, Tainan, and eventually became the name of the entire island.

Republik Tiongkok
Republik Tiongkok#Indonesian

Taiwan (A partly-recognized country in East Asia consisting of a main island and 167 smaller islands; official name: Republik Tiongkok)

Taiwan (an island between the Taiwan Strait and Philippine Sea in East Asia)

(astronomy) 2169 Taiwan, a main belt asteroid.


DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid
deoxyribonucleic acid#English

(biochemistry, genetics) Initialism of deoxyribonucleic acid (“a nucleic acid found in all living things (and some non-living things such as certain viruses) which consists of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix; encoded in its structure are genetic instructions for development, functioning, growth, and reproduction”).

deoxyribonucleic acid

(informal, loosely) the part of a living thing that carries genetic information.

(figuratively) the fundamental nature or values of a person, or an organization or other thing, especially when considered as innate and/or immutable.


mental

From Dutch mentaal, from Middle French mental, from Late Latin mentālis (“of the mind, mental”), from Latin mēns (“the mind”).

mental: of or relating to the mind or an intellectual process


tuba

Inherited from Malay tuba, from Classical Malay توبا (tuba), from Old Malay [script needed] (tūva), from Proto-Malayic *tuba, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tubah, from Proto-Austronesian *tubah (“Derris elliptica”).

inh

a Malayan plant whose roots are a significant source of rotenone, Derris malaccensis


tuba

From Latin tuba (“tube, trumpet, military trumpet”).

der

(music) tuba: A large brass musical instrument, usually in the bass range, played through a vibration of the lips upon the mouthpiece and fingering of the keys


tempo

témpo (canonical)
tempo-tempo (plural)
tempoh (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Malay tempoh, timpo, from Dutch tempo from Italian tempo, or from Portuguese tempo, ultimately from Latin tempus (“time”), from Proto-Indo-European *tempos (“stretch”), from the root *temp- (“to stretch, string”).


tempo

tempoh (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)


pit

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦶꦠ꧀ (pit), from Dutch fiets.

(dialectal) Synonym of sepeda (“bicycle”)


pit

Borrowed from Hokkien 筆／笔 (pit, “inkbrush”).


pit

(motor racing) pit (an area at a racetrack used for refueling and repairing the vehicles during a race)


person

From Dutch persoon, from Middle Dutch persone, ultimately from Latin persōna. Doublet of persona.


trapezoid

trapezoid (a convex quadrilateral with no sides parallel)


sol

From Dutch zool, from Middle Dutch sole, from Vulgar Latin sola ("bottom of the shoe", also "flatfish"), from Latin solea (“sandal, bottom of the shoe”), from Proto-Indo-European *swol- (“sole”). Compare to Afrikaans sool.


sol

From Dutch sol, the first syllable of Latin solve (“to remove, get rid of”), the first word of the fifth line, third verse (“Solve polluti, labii reatum”, that is, “Clean the guilt from our stained lips”) of the famed medieval hymn Ut queant laxis, which solfège was based on because its lines started on each note of the scale successively.

in a movable-do or tonic sol-fa system: the fifth step in a scale, preceded by fa and followed by la

in a fixed-do system: the musical note G


el

The name of the Latin-script letter L/l.


anoa

Possibly from Proto-Austronesian *qaNuaŋ via a Celebic language.


lama

From Malay lama, from Proto-Austronesian *lama.

long: having great duration; seemingly lasting a lot of time, because it is boring or tedious or tiring


wombat

From English wombat, from Dharug wambad, wambaj, or wambag.

wombat (any of several herbivorous, burrowing marsupials, of the family Vombatidae)


koala

From English koala, from Dharug gula or gulawany.

Phascolarctos cinereus
Phascolarctos cinereus#Translingual

koala: a tree-dwelling marsupial, Phascolarctos cinereus, that resembles a small bear with a broad head, large ears and sharp claws, mainly found in eastern Australia


stem

From English stem, from Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”).

(nautical) the vertical or nearly vertical forward extension of the keel, to which the forward ends of the planks or strakes are attached

(linguistics) the main part of an uninflected word to which affixes may be added to form inflections of the word. A stem often has a more fundamental root. Systematic conjugations and declensions derive from their stems

(music) a vertical stroke marking the length of a note in written music


amai

(dialectal, West Sumatra) Synonym of ibu (“mother”)


air

Inherited from Malay air, from Proto-Malayic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ.

(colloquial) a cockfight round, which begins by spraying water at the cock


as

From Dutch as (“axis, axle”), from Middle Dutch asse, from Old Dutch *assa, from Proto-Germanic *ahsō.
* The sense of propeller shaft is a semantic loan from Javanese [Term?].

the pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel

axletree: a transverse bar or shaft connecting the opposite wheels of a car or carriage

(dialect) propeller shaft in fishing boat


as

From Dutch aas (“ace”), earlier ase, from Middle Dutch aes, from Old French as, from Latin as.
* Semantic loan from English ace for meaning other than card with a single spot.

(tennis) point scored without the opponent hitting the ball


Korea

From Malay Korea, ultimately from Sino-Korean 고려(高麗) (Goryeo).


son

(agriculture) harvested young garlic at the age of 70 days after planting


son

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 村(そん) (son, “village”). Romanised according modified Kunrei-shiki romanization.

(historical, 1942-1945) Synonym of kecamatan


malam

malam-malam (plural)
malem (alternative informal)

Inherited from Malay malam, from Proto-Malayic *maləm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maləm.


malam

Borrowed from Javanese ꦩꦭꦩ꧀ (malam), probably from Gujarati મલમ (malam, “ointment or paste made of wax”), from Classical Persian مرهم (marham), from Arabic مَرْهَم (marham).

wax, paraffin, particularly for making batik

beeswax: a wax secreted by bees from which they make honeycomb; or, the processed form of this wax used in the manufacture of various goods


non

Ultimately derives from Late Latin nonna.
* The sense of nun is a Dutch non (“nun”), cf above.


non

see kaum non (“non-cooperative groups of Dutch colonial government”)


yakitori

Borrowed from Japanese 焼(や)き鳥(とり) (yakitori), from 焼(や)き (yaki, “grilled, toasted”) + 鳥(とり) (tori, “bird”).

yakitori (japanese shish kebab-type dish)


not

From Dutch noot, from Middle Dutch note, from Old French note, from Latin nota. Doublet of nota.

(music) note, a character, variously formed, to indicate the length of a tone, and variously placed upon the staff to indicate its pitch


bahasa

bahasa-bahasa (plural)
basa (alternative colloquial uncommon)

→ Cia-Cia: bahasa

→ Dutch: bahasa

i

along with Malay <i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">bahasa</i>

→ English: Bahasa (along with Malay bahasa)

Inherited from Malay bahasa, from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā).

bahasa daerah

regional language; language other than Indonesian

bahasa pasar

koine, lingua franca, link language, trade language, vehicular language

Bahasa Inggris adalah basantara global.

The English language is a global lingua franca.

language (a body of words used as a form of communication)

Sayu suka bahasanya, terdengar profesional.

I like his language, it sounds professional.

language (a computer or machine language)


orang

From Malay orang, from Old Malay urang, from Proto-Malayic *uraŋ (“person”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀaŋ (“outsider”). Doublet of bong and wong.

a person who belongs to a particular group,


orang

dua orang anak


habitat

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch habitat, from Latin habitat (“it dwells, lives”).

habitat (a place or type of site where an organism or population naturally occurs)


anterior

Learned borrowing from Latin anterior, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énteros.


astronaut

id-noun

astronaut (plural astronaut-astronaut or para astronaut)

astronaut-astronaut (plural)
para astronaut (plural)
astronot (alternative)


rat

From Javanese rat (ꦫꦠ꧀),
* from Old Javanese rāt (“world, land”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀat.
* from Sanskrit रथ (ratha, “chariot, wagon, body”). See Yana (Buddhism) in Wikipedia for more information.


khaki

From English khaki, from Hindi ख़ाकी (xākī) / Urdu خاکی (xākī), from Persian خاکی (xâki, “dusty, earthy, earth-colored”).

khaki (Pantone):

khaki (HTML):

khaki (a dull, yellowish-brown color, the colour of dust)


pupa

Learned borrowing from Latin pūpa. Doublet of pop and popi


vertebra

Learned borrowing from Latin vertebra (“a joint, vertebra of the spine”).

lbor

(anatomy) backbone, spinal column, spine, vertebral column


pen

From Dutch pen, from Latin penna (“feather, pen”). Doublet of pena.

(nonstandard) alternative form of pena (“pen”)

(medicine) pin, metal used to fasten or as a bearing


tin

From English tin, from Middle English tin, from Old English tin, from Proto-Germanic *tiną.

tin, an airtight container, made of tin or another metal, used to preserve food


tin

fig, a fruit-bearing tree or shrub of the genus Ficus that is native mainly to the tropics


turquoise

Unadapted borrowing from French turquoise, from Old French turquois, turc + -ois.

ubor

turquoise (a sky-blue, greenish-blue, or greenish-gray semi-precious gemstone)

turquoise:

turquoise (a pale greenish-blue colour, like that of the gemstone)


gun

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 郡(ぐん) (gun, “county, district”). Romanised according modified Kunrei-shiki romanization.

(historical, 1942-1945) Synonym of kewedanaan


amber

From Dutch amber, from Middle French ambre, from Old French ambre, from Arabic عَنْبَر (ʕanbar, “ambergris”), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭭𐭡𐭫 (ʾnbl /ambar/). Doublet of ambar.

amber (a hard, generally yellow to brown translucent fossil resin, used for jewellery)


amber

Possibly from Dutch uitlander (“foreigner”) or from a different source.


om

From Sanskrit ओं (oṃ) or औं (auṃ) or ॐ (oṃ). Cognate with Balinese ᬒᬁ.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) om: a sacred, mystical syllable used in prayer and meditation


om

From Dutch oom (“uncle”), from Middle Dutch oom, from Old Dutch *ōm, from Proto-Germanic *awahaimaz (“maternal uncle”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwh₂os (“maternal uncle, maternal grandfather”).

der

(colloquial) uncle (The brother or brother-in-law of one’s parent)

(colloquial) uncle (form of address to a man by young people or children)


episode

id-noun

épisodê or épisodé (plural episode-episode)

épisodê (canonical)
épisodé (canonical)
episode-episode (plural)
episod (alternative)

From Dutch episode, from French épisode, from Ancient Greek ἐπεισόδιον (epeisódion).

episode; instalment of a drama told in parts

Near-synonym: (more common) masa

episode; incident or action connected with a series of events


plaza

plaza-plaza (plural)
plasa (alternative)

Borrowed from English plaza, from Spanish plaza, from Latin platea, from Ancient Greek πλατεῖα (plateîa).


safari

Borrowed from Dutch safari (“safari”), from Swahili safari (“journey”), from Arabic سَفَر (safar).

bor+

<i class="Latn mention" lang="en">safari</i>


toilet

toilèt (canonical)
toilet-toilet (plural)

From Dutch toilet, from Old French toilette, diminutive of toile (“cloth”).

toilet, bathroom (room containing a lavatory)

toilet (fixture used for urination and defecation)


ai

(dialectal) exclamation to express surprise and so on


ai

(dialectal) breadfruit bark, which has sparse fibers, the surface is not smooth, has a lot of sap, is light brown in color


ai

(dialectal) dirt, that is usually found in well water, rivers, lakes, and so on


alim

Inherited from Malay alim, from Arabic عَالِم (ʕālim).


alim

Aquilaria malaccensis
Aquilaria malaccensis#Translingual

(botany) agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis)


anu

something or someone whose name is unknown or left unmentioned, thingamajig


bad

From Classical Persian باد (bād, “wind”).


baik

head

baik (comparative lebih baik, superlative terbaik or paling baik, equative sebaik)

lebih baik (comparative)
terbaik (superlative)
paling baik (superlative)
sebaik (equative)

Inherited from Malay baik, from Proto-Malayic *baik, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bait.
Cognates
Cognate with Iban baik, Tagalog bait, Maori pai.


WA

Kamu udah baca WAku belom?

(colloquial) a message sent using WhatsApp


WA

Kalau sudah sampai rumah jangan lupa WA aku, ya!

When you get home, don't forget to Whatsapp me, okay?


bal

From Dutch bal (“ball”), from Middle Dutch bal, from Old Dutch *bal, from Proto-Germanic *balluz.

(colloquial) ball, a solid or hollow sphere, or roughly spherical mass


bal

From Dutch baal, from Middle Dutch bale, from Old French bale.

bale, a rounded bundle or package of goods in a cloth cover, and corded for storage or transportation


balik

From Malay balik, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balik.


soak

From Dutch zwak (“weak”), from Middle Dutch swac, from Old Dutch *swak, from Proto-West Germanic *swak.


MA

madrasah aliah
madrasah aliah#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of madrasah aliah.

mahkamah agung
mahkamah agung#Indonesian

(government, law) Initialism of mahkamah agung (“supreme court”).


MT

(agriculture) Initialism of musim tanam (“planting season”).


PB

(healthcare) Initialism of panjang badan (“bodylength”).


PR

pekerjaan rumah
pekerjaan rumah#Indonesian

HW; Abbreviation of pekerjaan rumah (“homework”).


RS

rumah sederhana
rumah sederhana#Indonesian


SE

(law, government) Initialism of surat edaran (“circular letter”).

sertifikat ekspor
sertifikat ekspor#Indonesian

(business) Initialism of sertifikat ekspor (“export certificate”).


SP

serikat pekerja
serikat pekerja#Indonesian

abbreviation of serikat pekerja (“labor union; trade union”).

surat peringatan
surat peringatan#Indonesian

abbreviation of surat peringatan (“warning”).

satuan permukiman
satuan permukiman#Indonesian

abbreviation of satuan permukiman (“settlement unit”).


TO

Initialism of target operasi (literally “operation target”).

initialism

(slang, internet prostitution) female prostitute


bam

From Malay bam, from Persian بام (bâm, “ceiling”).


ban

From Dutch band, from Middle Dutch bant.
* The sense “band” is a semantic loan from English band.

(physics) band (a part of the electromagnetic spectrum)


ban

From Dutch baan, from Middle Dutch bāne, from Old Dutch *bana, from Proto-Germanic *banō.

(sports, ball games) court, field (place for playing sports or games, in particular non-team ball games)


barak

barak-barak (plural)
bérék (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Dutch barak, from French baraque, from Spanish barraca, from Catalan barraca, diminutive of barra (“clay, mud”), from Vulgar Latin *barrum, probably ultimately from Celtiberian.


AB

anggaran belanja
anggaran belanja#Indonesian

(finance, government, management) Initialism of anggaran belanja.

angkatan bersenjata
angkatan bersenjata#Indonesian

(military) Initialism of angkatan bersenjata.

administrasi bisnis
administrasi bisnis#Indonesian

(business, management) Initialism of administrasi bisnis.


SK

surat keputusan
surat keputusan#Indonesian

Initialism of surat keputusan (“decree”).


PU

pekerjaan umum
pekerjaan umum#Indonesian

Initialism of pekerjaan umum (“public works”).


SI

(historical, politics) Initialism of Sarekat Islam.

Sistem Internasional
w:id:Sistem Internasional

(physics) Initialism of Sistem Internasional (“International System of Units”).

Surveyor Indonesia
w:id:Surveyor Indonesia


TA

tahun akademik
tahun akademik#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of tahun akademik.

tahun anggaran
tahun anggaran#Indonesian


TA

(education, colloquial) Initialism of titip absen.


TB

titik berkumpul
titik berkumpul#Indonesian

Initialism of titik berkumpul (“meeting point”).


talk

From Dutch talk, from Middle French talc, from Arabic طَلْق (ṭalq), from Persian تلک (talk).


CT

computed tomography
computed tomography#English

(medicine) Initialism of computed tomography.


HI

hubungan internasional
hubungan internasional#Indonesian


KY

(government) initialism of komisi yudisial (“judicial commission”).


bel

From Dutch bel (“bell”), from Middle Dutch belle, from Old Dutch bella, from Proto-Germanic *bellǭ.


bel

bèl (canonical)
bel (root)
mengebel (active nominative)
dibel (nominative passive)
bel (nominative)
bellah (nominative)
mengebelkan (active)
dibelkan (passive)
belkan
belkanlah


bel

From English bel, after Alexander Graham Bell.

(physics) bel, a measure of relative power, defined as log₁₀(P ₁/P ₂), where P₁ and P₂ are the measured and reference power respectively


sound

Pseudo-anglicism. An ellipsis of English sound system.


MI

madrasah ibtidaiah
madrasah ibtidaiah#Indonesian

(education, Islam) Initialism of madrasah ibtidaiah.


OK

From Dutch operatiekamer of operatie (“surgery”) + kamer (“room”).

(healthcare, colloquial) operating theatre, operating room


RI

Republik Indonesia
Republik Indonesia#Indonesian

Republic of Indonesia
Republic of Indonesia

Initialism of Republik Indonesia (“Republic of Indonesia”).


SD

Initialism of sekolah dasar (“primary school”).


TN

taman nasional
taman nasional#Indonesian


benzol

an impure benzene (mixed with toluene etc), used in the arts as a solvent, and for various other purposes


oral

Ultimately derived from Late Latin ōrālis, perhaps through Dutch oraal.


slang

slang-slang (plural)
selang (alternative)

From Dutch slang (“hose”, literally “snake”), from Middle Dutch slange, from Old Dutch slango, from Proto-Germanic *slangô (“snake, serpent”).


slang

(linguistics) slang, unconventional language


twit

(Internet) tweet, an entry posted on the microblogging service Twitter


polder

poldêr (canonical)
polder-polder (plural)


we

The name of the Latin-script letter W/w.


idiom

Borrowed from English idiom, from Middle French idiome, and its source, Late Latin idioma, from Ancient Greek ἰδίωμα (idíōma, “a peculiarity, property, a peculiar phraseology, idiom”), from ἰδιοῦσθαι (idioûsthai, “to make one's own, appropriate to oneself”), from ἴδιος (ídios, “one's own, pertaining to oneself, private, personal, peculiar, separate”).

an established phrasal expression whose meaning may not be deducible from the literal meanings of its component words

an artistic style (for example, in art, architecture, or music); an instance of such a style

(rare outside formal context) a manner of speaking, a mode of expression peculiar to a language, language family, or group of people


molar

Borrowed from Dutch molaar, from Latin molāris (“millstone, molar”).

(dentistry, technical) Synonym of gigi geraham (“molar tooth/teeth”)


molar

(chemistry) molar, containing one mole of solute per litre of solution

(physics) molar, relating to a complete body of matter


molar

(chemistry) molar}; a unit of concentration equal to one mole per litre


molar

Related to the first and second etymologies.

(psychology) connecting a movement into one unit, for example swimming behavior


kara

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦫ (kara), from Old Javanese kara.

Lablab purpureus
Lablab purpureus#Translingual

(botany) hyacinth bean, lablab bean, bonavist bean, bonavist pea, dolichos bean, sem bean, lablab bean, Egyptian kidney bean, Indian bean, Australian pea; Lablab purpureus


kara

jewelry made from shells, round with a hole in the middle, usually attached to clothes, large shields, or hats worn by war dancers at death feasts


matahari

From Malay matahari. Equivalent to mata (“eye”) + hari (“day”).


lingua franca

Unadapted borrowing from Italian lingua franca.

ubor

bahasa perantara
bahasa perantara#Indonesian

(linguistics) Synonym of bahasa perantara


PBB

international relations
international relations

Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa
w:id:Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa

(international relations, politics, UN) Initialism of Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (“United Nations”).

international relations; UN; international relations; UN

Partai Bulan Bintang
w:id:Partai Bulan Bintang

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Partai Bulan Bintang (literally “Crescent Star Party”).


PBB

pajak bumi dan bangunan
pajak bumi dan bangunan#Indonesian

Initialism of pajak bumi dan bangunan (“land value tax”).

peraturan baris-berbaris
peraturan baris-berbaris#Indonesian

Initialism of peraturan baris-berbaris (“marching order”).


natal

From Portuguese natal, from Latin nātālis.


natal

(obsolete) birth (process of childbearing; beginning of life)


perak

id-noun

perak (countable and uncountable, plural perak-perak)

Inherited from Malay perak, from earlier pirak. See there for further etymology.


Sarawak

Inherited from Malay Sarawak, from Sarawak Malay serawak (“antimony”).


Kuala Lumpur

Compound of kuala (“confluence”) + lumpur (“mud”), from Malay Kuala Lumpur.

Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur#English:_Q1865

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory, the capital and largest city of Malaysia, located in the western part of the country)


saya

From Malay saya, from earlier sahaya, from Sanskrit सहाय (sahāya).

sahaya (alternative archaic)
saja (alternative)

Saya akan pergi ke kebun.

Mereka suka bercanda dengan saya.

Atasan saya sedang sibuk.

(polite) first person singular pronoun: I, me, my


saya

(polite) response that confirms that the speaker is paying attention: yes

This table only shows personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language

The second person pronouns are often replaced by kinship terms

while the proclitic is only used as a subject


milik

Inherited from Malay milik, from Arabic مِلْك (milk).

Buku itu milikku.


punya

Inherited from Malay punya. First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD. Possibly a back-formation from mempunyai.


punya

punya (root)
mempunyai (active nominative)
terpunyai (nominative passive)
dipunyai (nominative passive)
mempunyakan (active)
terpunyakan (passive)
dipunyakan (passive)

Saya punya kamus baru

Buku itu kepunyaan saya.


lapar

Inherited from Malay lapar, from Proto-Malayic *lapar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lapaʀ.


lapar

Saya lapar.

to be hungry (affected by hunger; desirous of food)


buku

buku-buku (plural)
boek (alternative)
boekoe (alternative)

→ Balinese: ᬩᬸᬓᬸ (buku)

→ Petjo: boekoe

→ Sundanese: ᮘᮥᮊᮥ (buku)

From Malay buku, from Dutch boek, from Middle Dutch boec, from Old Dutch buoc, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.

book (collection of sheets of paper bound together containing printed or written material)


buku

From Malay buku, from Proto-Malayic *buku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bukuh. Semantic loan from Bilba [Term?]. Doublet of wuku.

a lumpy joint (of fingers or similar structures)

a small block or segment of something (of bamboos or similar structures)

(botany) articulation: a joint between two separable parts, as a leaf and a stem

node:
knot, knob, protuberance or swelling

(anatomy) a small mass of tissue that can be a knot, knob, or swelling

(anatomy) ellipsis of buku tangan (“knuckle”).

(Rote Bilba dialect) bone protrusion, bone spur


itu

Inherited from Malay itu, from Proto-Malayic *(i)tu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)tu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)Cu.


itu

→ Petjo: itoe

Apa itu bahasa?

Tuhan itu nyata.

Dia itu seorang pekerja keras.


lihat

melihat (active)
dilihat (passive)
liat (alternative colloquial)

Inherited from Malay lihat, from Proto-Malayic *lihat.

Aku lihat ada anjing berkeliaran di sana.

Saya ingat melihatnya di sekolah.

(sometimes with ada colloquially) to see, to perceive with the eyes

Kami mau lihat bagaimana perkembangan kasusnya.

Sudah lihat film ini belum?

to see (to watch at a cinema or another media)

to see (to foresee, predict, or prophesy)

Nanti kita lihat dia di rumah sakit.


kucing

kucing-kucing (plural)
koetjing (alternative)
kutjing (alternative)

Inherited from Malay kucing, from Classical Malay kucing, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutíŋ. Compare Tagalog kuting.

(gay slang) homosexual partner; homosexual sugar baby


kamus

Inherited from Malay kamus, from Arabic قَامُوس (qāmūs), from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós).


baru

Inherited from Malay baru, a variant of baharu, from Proto-Malayic *baharu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)baqəʀu, from Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)baqəʀuh.

baharu (alternative dialectal)
baroe (alternative)
baharoe (alternative)

Ponsel barunya mewah.


baru

Mereka baru pulang sekolah.


baru

baru-baru (plural)
embaru (alternative)
baroe (alternative)

From Malay baru, from Proto-Malayic *baru(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀu. Doublet of waru.

Talipariti tiliaceum
Talipariti tiliaceum#Translingual

Hibiscus tiliaceus
Hibiscus tiliaceus#Translingual

sea hibiscus, cottonwood hibiscus (Talipariti tiliaceum, syn. Hibiscus tiliaceus)


ia

From Proto-Malayic *ia, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(si-)ia, from Proto-Austronesian *(si-)ia. Compare Maori ia, Tagalog siya.

Ia mengajarkan muridnya di sekolah.

they / he / she / it (genderless third person pronoun)

Burung bisa terbang karena ia mempunyai sayap.

it (used to refer to a non-human living thing)


dia

From Malay dia, cognate with ia, -nya, from Proto-Malayic *ia, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(si-)ia, from Proto-Austronesian *(si-)ia.

Dia bisa berbahasa Inggris.

Dia mempunyai kegemaran menari.


sedang

Inherited from Malay sedang, from Old Javanese sĕḍaṅ, sĕḍĕṅ (“right, appropriate; just, while”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *rɔm (“appropriate, worthy”).

der

sĕḍaṅ, sĕḍĕṅ

of intermediate size, degree, amount etc; medium

(middle of something)
in the middle of a range; intermediate

neither very good nor very bad; rated somewhere in the middle of all others in the same category; average

having sufficient; suitable; fit; proper

adequate to what is needed; enough; sufficient


sedang

sĕḍaṅ, sĕḍĕṅ

Dia sedang kelaparan

Progressive aspect
progressive aspect#English

(auxiliary) Progressive aspect without necessarily a final perspective.


minggu

Inherited from Malay minggu, from Portuguese domingo (“Sunday”), from Latin dominīcus.

week (any period of seven consecutive days)


suka

From Malay suka, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha, “joy”).


suka

head

suka (base-imperative locative suka, active locative menyukai, ordinary passive locative disukai)

Dia suka memasak.

Di sini suka banjir.

Toilet suka macet.

Dia suka lupa membawa tasnya.


aku

Inherited from Malay aku, from Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

akoe (alternative)
daku (alternative poetic)

Pagi ini aku makan ikan.

Dia mengajak aku berjalan-jalan di taman.

He invited me to take a walk in the park.

Kucing aku sedang tidur.

(casual or informal) first person singular pronoun: I, me, my


musik

→ Malay: musik

From Dutch muziek, from French musique, from Latin (ars) mūsica.

music (sound, organized in time in a melodious way)


pergi

tlb

(intransitive, does not take voice prefixes)

pêrgi (canonical)
pergi (root)
pergi (nominative)
pergilah (nominative)
memergikan (active)
terpergikan (passive)
dipergikan (passive)
pergikan
pergikanlah

Aku pergi ke sekolah.


ke

From Malay ke, from Old Malay ka. For the verb sense, due to the dropping of preceding verb pergi (“to go”).

Semalam aku pergi ke rumah teman.


ke

Tadi malam aku ke rumah teman.


kemarin

kêmarin (canonical)
kemarin-kemarin (plural)

From Malay kemarin, kelmarin, from Classical Malay کمارين (kemarin), کلمارين (kelmarin), from Proto-Malayic *kə maləm hari(-an). Equivalent to blend of ke + malam + hari.

yesterday (the day immediately before today; one day ago)


kemarin

kêmarin (canonical)
standard Malay (alternative)

Kemarin aku pergi ke rumah teman.

I was going to a friend's home yesterday.


rumah

rumah-rumah (plural)
roemah (alternative)

From Malay rumah, from Classical Malay رومه (“house”), from Proto-Malayic *rumah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.

merumahkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

rumah-rumahan [reduplication + resultative

memperumahkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

menyerumahkan [comparability + agent focus + causative benefactive]

Kemarin aku pergi ke rumah teman.

home (house or structure in which someone lives)


teman

têman (canonical)
teman-teman (plural)
temen (alternative colloquial)

From Malay teman, from Classical Malay teman, from Tamil தமன் (tamaṉ, “friend; relative”).

Kemarin aku pergi ke rumah teman.

associate, partner: someone who is associated with another in a common activity


teman

têman (canonical)
temen (alternative colloquial)

(colloquial, dialectal) first person singular pronoun.


sana

From Malay sana, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sana (“there, yonder”).

inh

Dia tinggal di sana.

Aku pergi ke sana dua kali sebulan.


sana

Pterocarpus indicus
Pterocarpus indicus#Translingual

aphetic form of angsana (“Pterocarpus indicus”)


dua

Inherited from Malay dua, from Proto-Malayic *dua(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa.


kali

From Malay kali, from Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”). Doublet of kala.

Aku berbelanja ke pasar tiga kali seminggu.

I shop at the market three times a week.


kali

Dua kali tiga sama dengan enam.


kali

Clipping of barangkali (“perhaps, maybe, probably”)


kali

From Javanese ꦏꦭꦶ (kali), from Old Javanese kali, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kali. Compare to Malay gali ~ kali (“to dug”).


kali

(dialectal or rare) Synonym of lele (“catfish”)


sekali

Inherited from Malay sekali. Equivalent to
From se- + kali.

Aku pergi ke sana sebulan sekali.

Pelajaran itu sulit sekali.


bulan

bulan-bulan (plural)
boelan (alternative)

Inherited from Malay bulan, from Proto-Malayic *bulan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulan, from Proto-Austronesian *bulaN. Doublet of rembulan and wulan. The sense “any natural satellite of a planet” is a semantic loan from Dutch maan (“moon”).

Bulan malam ini sangat bulat.

moon (largest natural satellite of planet Earth)

Bulan Titan yang mengorbit planet Saturnus memiliki kandungan hidrokarbon yang signifikan.

The moon Titan, that orbits Saturn, has significant numbers of hydrocarbon.

moon (any substantially sized natural satellite of a planet)

Kami harus membayar tagihan air setiap bulan.

We have to pay the water bill every month.

month (period into which a year is divided)


satu

Affixation of batu + ke-, inherited from Malay satu, from Proto-Malayic *sA- (“one”) + *batu (“stone”).


sungai

Inherited from Malay sungai, from Proto-Malayic *suŋay.

river (a large and often winding stream which drains a land mass)

river (any large flow of a liquid in a single body)


tak

imitation of the sound of a pitted shell


tak

motor dua tak

(engineering) stroke, cycle, phase; a single movement or thrust of a part (such as a piston) of a machine that moves back and forth; also, the length of this movement


ingin

(transitive) to wish for or desire (something); to feel a need or desire for; to crave or demand

(transitive, in particular) to wish, desire, or demand to see, have the presence of or do business with

(intransitive) to experience desire; to wish


rata

From Malay rata, from Javanese ꦫꦠ (rata), ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dataʀ. Doublet of datar and latar.

parallel: on a level; reaching the same limit

even, evenly, equally: in a fair manner of distribution, giving the same amount or number to each

Gempa bumi telah menyebabkan bangunan-bangunan itu menjadi rata dengan tanah.

An earthquake had been flattened the buildings.

Permukaannya tidak rata.


rata

From Malay rata, from Sanskrit रथ (rátha, “chariot”).


tiga

From Malay tiga (“three”), from Classical Malay tiga, from Proto-Malayic *tiga, from Prakrit 𑀢𑀺𑀕 (tiga), from Sanskrit त्रिक (trika, “triad”).

Enam bagi tiga sama dengan dua.


empat

êmpat (canonical)
pat (alternative colloquial)

Inherited from Malay empat, from Proto-Malayic *əmpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.


kita

Inherited from Malay kita, from Proto-Malayic *kita(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kita, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kita.

Siapkan pakaian gantimu, karena kita akan pergi ke pantai.

Get your change of clothes ready, because we are going to the beach.

Pak guru baru kita sangat ramah.

Di sini saja, biar dia tidak dapat kita.

first person plural inclusive (including you) pronoun: we, us, our

Kita nggak mau temenan sama kamu.

Tanya kita aja kalau kakak masih bingung cara mainnya.

Ask us if you are still confused about how to play it.

(colloquial, nonstandard) first person singular exclusive (not including you) pronoun: we, us, our


kami

Inherited from Malay kami, from Proto-Malayic *kami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

Kami akan mengajarkan adik-adik tentang kebersihan.

Terima kasih telah membantu kami!

Ini tugas kami, bu.

first person plural exclusive (not including you) pronoun: we, us, our

editorial we; first person plural pronoun, which refers to institution the speaker/writer is acting for: we, us, our


sama

Inherited from Malay sama, from Proto-Malayic *sama, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sama (“mate, companion, fellow; together with; alike, the same as; aligned or in good order”); reconstructed by Robert Blust (compare Malagasy samy (“both, each, every one; same”); Lauan dama (“mate, fellow, corresponding part; exactly like, the same”), 'Are'are tama (“in line, in pairs”)). Although it may be possible for this word to be from Sanskrit सम (sama, “same, equal”), the native Austronesian etymology is to be more likely due to the wide distribution in Oceanic languages that received little to no Indianisation.

cog

menyamai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menyamakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

tersamai [agentless action + causative benefactive]

persamaan [causative passive + resultative

mempersamakan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

orang yang sama

dua ditambah dua sama dengan empat


sama

Sofanya dicakar sama kucingku.

Dia sama temennya ke kafe.


Johor Bahru

From Malay Johor Bahru; equivalent to Johor + baharu (“new”).

Johor Bahru (the capital city of Johor, Malaysia)


nada

From Sanskrit नाद (nāda, “a loud sound, roaring, bellowing, crying; any sound or tone”).

der

nada tinggi

nada rendah

nada turun

nada naik


alas

From Malay alas (“base, layer”), from Classical Malay الس (alas).


alas

From Javanese alas (ꦲꦭꦱ꧀, “forest”), from Old Javanese alas (“forest”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *halas (“forest, wilderness, woods, jungle”), from Proto-Austronesian *Salas (“forest, wilderness, woods”). Cognate to Balinese ᬳᬮᬲ᭄ (alas, “forest”).


unit

(mathematics) oneness, singularity, seen as a component of a whole number; a magnitude of one

(sciences) a standard measure of a quantity


dada

Inherited from Malay dada, from Proto-Malayic *dada, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahdah, from Proto-Austronesian *daSdaS.


liberal

From Dutch liberaal, from Middle French [Term?] (Modern French libéral), from Old French liberal, from Latin līberālis (“befitting a freeman”), from līber (“free”).

widely open to new ideas, willing to depart from established opinions or conventions; permissive

open to political or social changes and reforms associated with either classical or modern liberalism


mama

Learned borrowing from Latin mamma, from Ancient Greek μάμμη (mámmē).

(medicine) mamma, breast, udder (the milk-secreting organ of female humans and other mammals)

(meteorology) mamma (an accessory cloud like a mammary in appearance, which can form on the underside of most cloud genera)


ad libitum

Unadapted borrowing from New Latin ad libitum.

ubor

(music) at one's pleasure, allowing freedom to improvise, allowing variation from the printed notes or tempo

(agriculture, sciences) without restriction.


pam

abbreviation of pengamanan (“safing; securing; security”).


pin

From Dutch pin, from Proto-Germanic *pinnaz *pinnaz, *pinnō, *pint- (“protruding point, peak, peg, pin, nail”), from Proto-Indo-European *bend- 'protruding object, pointed peg, nail, edge'.

(colloquial) a needle without an eye (usually) made of drawn-out steel wire with one end sharpened and the other flattened or rounded into a head, used for fastening

a slender object specially designed for use in a specific game or sport, such as skittles or bowling


er

The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.


Islam

From Malay Islam, from Arabic إِسْلَام (ʔislām).


got

From Dutch goot (“gutter”), from Middle Dutch gōte, from Old Dutch *gota, from Proto-Germanic *gutō.

gutter (a prepared channel in a surface, especially at the side of a road adjacent to a curb, intended for the drainage of water)


go

(board games) a strategic board game, originally from China, in which two players (black and white) attempt to control the largest area of the board with their counters


had

Inherited from Malay had, from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).

(rare) Synonym of batas (“limit; boundary”)


input

From English input, from Middle English inputten.


inset

inset-inset (plural)
inzet (alternative)

inset (a smaller thing set into a larger thing)


lain

From Malay lain, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laqin. Cognate with Cebuano lain and Bikol Central lain.

Aku sebaiknya mencari pekerjaan lain.

Perilakunya lain daripada temannya.

His behavior is different from his friends.


mal

Dutch language
Latin language
Old French language

From Dutch mal (“mold, cast”), from Old French modle, from Latin modulus (“measure”). Doublet of modulus.


legal

Borrowed from Dutch legaal (“legal”), from French légal, from Latin lēgālis. Doublet of loyal.


internal

From English internal, from Middle English internall, internalle, from Medieval Latin internālis (“of or pertaining to the inner part”), from Latin internus (“internal”) + -ālis, equivalent to intern + -al.


ideal

From Dutch ideaal, from French idéal, from Medieval Latin ideālis.

ideal; optimal, being the best possibility

ideal; pertaining to ideas, or to a given idea


ideal

idéal (canonical)
ideal-ideal (plural)
idiil (alternative noun)

(mathematics) ideal; a subring closed under multiplication by its containing ring


ye

yè (canonical)
ye-ye (plural)
je (alternative)

The name of the Latin-script letter Y/y.


bug

(computing) bug, a problem that needs fixing


verbal

From Dutch verbaal, from Middle French verbal, from Latin verbālis. Doublet of perbal.

verbal, oral (expressly spoken rather than written)

(linguistics) verbal (pertaining to verbs)


basket

baskèt (canonical)
basket-basket (plural)

Pseudo-anglicism, a shortening of English basketball.

the particular kind of ball used in the sport of basketball

a sport in which two opposing teams of five players strive to put a ball through a hoop


ring

From Dutch ring, from Middle Dutch rinc, from Old Dutch rinc, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz. Doublet of langsir.

a circumscribing object, (roughly) circular and hollow, looking like an annual ring, earring, finger ring etc.


parasol

Borrowed from Dutch parasol, from French parasol, from Italian parasole.


set

From Dutch set, from English set, alteration of sept, from Old French sette (“a religious sect”), from Medieval Latin secta (“retinue”), from Latin secta (“a faction”).

(sports) set, group of games counting as a unit toward a match

set:
a matching collection of similar things

a collection of various objects for a particular purpose


set

From English set, from Middle English setten, from Old English settan, from Proto-Germanic *satjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sodéyeti, causative of *sed- (“to sit”).

to put in a specified condition or state


arid

From English arid, from either French aride or directly from Latin āridus (“dry, arid, parched”).


filibuster

filibustêr (canonical)
filibuster-filibuster (plural)

From English filibuster, from Spanish filibustero (“pirate”), from French flibustier, from Dutch vrijbuiter (“freebooter”), as vrij (“free”) + buit (“booty”) + -er (“agent”).

compound

a tactic (such as giving long, often irrelevant speeches) employed to delay the proceedings of, or the making of a decision by, a legislative body


sat

(law enforcement) Clipping of satuan (“unit”).


won

the currency of Korea, worth 100 jun in North Korea and 100 jeon in South Korea


era

Borrowed from Dutch era, from Latin aera.


IPA

ilmu pengetahuan alam
ilmu pengetahuan alam#Indonesian


basis

Borrowed from Dutch basis, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis). Doublet of basa.

(mathematics) in a vector space, a linearly independent set of vectors spanning the whole vector space

(Standard Malay)

(electronics) the name of the controlling terminal of a bipolar transistor (BJT)

(geometry) the lowest side of a in a triangle or other polygon, or the lowest face of a cone, pyramid or other polyhedron laid flat

(military) headquarter: permanent structure for housing military


basis

Borrowed from Dutch bassist (“bassist”).

(music) bassist: a musician playing a bass; esp. a bass guitarist


kek

(vocative) Clipping of kakek (“grandfather”).


kek

Syncopic form of kayak (“like, such as”)


kanji

From Malay kanji, from Tamil கஞ்சி (kañci), from Sanskrit काञ्जीक (kāñjīka, “sour gruel, water in boiled rice”).


kanji

Borrowed from Japanese 漢字(かんじ) (kanji, “Han characters”), from Middle Chinese 漢 (xàn, “Han dynasty, China”) + 字 (dzì, “[written] character”) (compare Mandarin 漢字 /汉字 (hànzì), Min Nan 漢字 /汉字 (hàn-jī, hàn-lī), and Cantonese 漢字 /汉字 (hon³ zi⁶)). Doublet of hanja, hanzi, and honji.

Kanji, Chinese characters in Japanese language usage


UN

ujian nasional
ujian nasional#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of ujian nasional.


UK

uji kompetensi
uji kompetensi#Indonesian

(education, management) Initialism of uji kompetensi.

uji kesetaraan
uji kesetaraan#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of uji kesetaraan.


ram

Borrowed from Dutch raam (“window; frame”), from Middle Dutch rame.


kritik

kritik-kritik (plural)
keritik (alternative nonstandard)

From Dutch kritiek, from French critique, from Latin criticus, from Ancient Greek κριτικός (kritikós, “of or for judging, able to discern”), from κρίνω (krínō, “I judge”).

der

critique (an essay or point in which another piece of work is criticised, reviewed)


kritik

head

kritik (active mengkritik, passive dikritik)

mengkritik (active)
dikritik (passive)
keritik (alternative nonstandard)


lem

From Dutch lijm, from Middle Dutch lijm, from Old Dutch *līm, from Proto-Germanic *līmaz.


rim

Borrowed from Dutch riem, from Middle Dutch rieme, from Old French raime, rayme (“ream”), from Arabic رِزْمَة (rizma, “bundle”).

ream, a bundle, package, or quantity of paper, nowadays usually containing 500 sheets


rim

From Dutch riem, from Middle Dutch rieme, from Old Dutch *riomo, from Proto-West Germanic *reumō.


long

From Betawi long, from Hokkien 烺 (lóng, lōng, “bright”).


solid

Borrowed from English solid, from Middle English solide, from Old French solide, from Latin solidus (“solid”), from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂-i-dʰ-o-s (“entire”), suffixed form of root *solh₂- (“integrate, whole”).


plasma

From Dutch plasma, from Latin plasma, from Ancient Greek πλάσμα (plásma).

(physics) a state of matter consisting of partially ionized gas and electrons

(medicine, hematology) blood plasma, free of suspended cells, used in transfusions

(agriculture) farmers (planters) who are part of the agricultural business system (plantation) who are in charge of carrying out the production process and supplying their products to the factory (which acts as the nucleus), while the production costs and facilities are provided by the factory


volume

volumê (canonical)
volumé (canonical)
volume-volume (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch volume, from Middle French volume, from Old French volume, from Latin volūmen.

volume; a three-dimensional measure of space that comprises a length, a width and a height

volume; a single book of a publication issued in multi-book format

volume; he issues of a periodical over a period of one year


meter

* From Dutch meter, meten, from Middle Dutch mēten, from Old Dutch metan, from Proto-Germanic *metaną, from Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to measure”).
* From Dutch meter, from French mètre, from Latin metrum, from Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure”), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”).
Doublet of metrum.

der

Sebatang pohon setinggi 5 meter akan digambar dengan skala 1:25.

A 5-meter tall tree will be drawn on a scale of 1:25.

International System of Units
International System of Units

meter, metre, the base unit of length in the International System of Units (SI)


meter

From Dutch meter, from Middle Dutch meter, from metrijn, from Latin matrīna.


pos

From Dutch post (“post”), from Middle French poste, from Italian posta, posto, from Latin postus, from positus. Cognate to Malay pos.


lift

From British English lift, from Middle English liften, lyften, from Old Norse lypta (“to lift, air”, literally “to raise in the air”), from Proto-Germanic *luftijaną (“to raise in the air”), related to *luftuz (“roof, air”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *lewp- (“to peel, break off, damage”) or from a root meaning roof (see *luftuz).

lift, mechanical device for vertically transporting goods or people between floors in a building; an elevator


klub

klub-klub (plural)
klab (alternative nonstandard)
kelab (alternative)

From English club, from Middle English clubbe, from Old Norse klubba, klumba (“cudgel”), from Proto-Germanic *klumpô (“clip, clasp; clump, lump; log, block”), from Proto-Indo-European *glemb- (“log, block”), from *gel- (“to ball up, conglomerate, amass”). Doublet of kelab.

club, an association of members joining together for some common purpose, especially sports or recreation


sal

From Dutch zaal, from Middle Dutch sale, from Old Dutch sala, from Proto-West Germanic *sali, from Proto-Germanic *saliz, from Proto-Indo-European *sol-, *sel- (“human settlement, village, dwelling”). Cognate of Afrikaans saal (“hall, large room”).


e

The fifth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


mana

(colloquial, in some contexts only) not, doesn't (negates meaning of verb)


mana

From English mana, from Maori mana, ultimately from Proto-Polynesian *mana, from Proto-Oceanic *mana (“natural power; thunder, storm wind”).

mana: A form of supernatural energy in Polynesian religion that inheres in things or people


mana

From Late Latin manna, from Ancient Greek μάννα (mánna), from Hebrew מן (mān, “'manna”).

(biblical) manna: Food miraculously produced for the Israelites in the desert in the book of Exodus


horizontal

Borrowed from Dutch horizontaal (“horizontal”).


orbit

Borrowed from Dutch orbit, from English orbit, from Middle English orbite, orbita, from Latin orbita (“course, track, impression, mark”). Doublet of orbita.

der

orbit, the curved path of one object around a point or another body

(countable, astronomy) orbit, an elliptical movement of an object about a celestial object or Lagrange point, especially a periodic elliptical revolution

(countable, physics) orbit, the path of an electron around an atomic nucleus

(uncountable) orbit, the state of moving in an orbit


orbit

orbit (root)
mengorbit (active nominative)
terorbit (nominative passive)
diorbit (nominative passive)
mengorbitkan (active)
terorbitkan (passive)
diorbitkan (passive)
orbitkan
orbitkanlah


baron

baron: the male ruler of a barony; a title for European noblemen


organ

From Dutch orgaan, from Middle Dutch organe, from Latin organum, from Ancient Greek ὄργανον (órganon).

(biology) a larger part of an organism, composed of tissues that perform similar functions

(music) a musical instrument that has multiple pipes which play when a key is pressed (the pipe organ), or an electronic instrument designed to replicate such

an official magazine, newsletter, or similar publication of an organization

mouthpiece, a spokesperson or medium aligned with an organisation


analog

From Dutch analoog, from French analogue or German analog, from Latin analogus, from Ancient Greek ἀνάλογος (análogos).

(sciences, surveying) analogue, analog: in which the value of a data item (such as time) is represented by a continuous(ly) variable physical quantity that can be measured (such as the shadow of a sundial)

analogous: having analogy; corresponding to something else; bearing some resemblance or proportion (often followed by "to".)


analog

(chemistry) analog: a structural derivative of a parent compound that differs from it by only one or a few atoms or substituent groups; (usually, especially) such a molecule that retains most of the same chemical properties


Asia

Inherited from Malay Asija, Azia, from Dutch Azië, ultimately from Latin Asia, from Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱ (Ăsĭ́ā).

Asia (the largest continent, located between Europe and the Pacific Ocean)

(historical) Asia (an ancient province of the Roman Empire in modern western Turkey, existing between 133 BC (during the Roman Republic) and the 7th century AD)


samurai

Borrowed from Japanese 侍(さむらい) (samurai).

samurai: in feudal Japan, a soldier who served a daimyo

日本刀(にほんとう) 日本刀#Japanese

(proscribed, colloquial) katana: a type of Japanese longsword or 日本刀(にほんとう) (nihontō), having a single edge and slight curvature, historically used by samurai and ninja


laissez faire

Unadapted borrowing from French laissez faire (“leave it be”, literally “let do”).


ensiklopedia

ensiklopedia-ensiklopedia (plural)
ensiklopedi (alternative nonstandard)

Borrowed from English encyclopedia, from New Latin encyclopēdīa (“general education”), variant of encyclopaedīa.

der

encyclopedia (a comprehensive with on a range of topics)


b

The second letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


c

The third letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


d

The fourth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


g

The seventh letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


h

The eighth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


j

The tenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


k

The eleventh letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


l

The twelfth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


m

The thirteenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


n

The fourteenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


n

(text messaging, slang) Abbreviation of dan.


q

Q (uppercase)
ak (alternative)
aq (alternative)

in some loanwords from local languages, such as placenames

The seventeenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


q

From similarity pronunciation of q in English and -ku in Indonesian.

(text messaging, slang) Abbreviation of aku.


w

The twenty-third letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


w

(text messaging, slang) Abbreviation of gue.


z

The twenty-sixth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


de facto

Unadapted borrowing from Latin dē factō (literally “according to fact”), from dē (“according to”) + ablative of factum (“fact, deed, act”)


de jure

Unadapted borrowing from Latin dē jūre (literally “according to law”).


stop

stop-stop (plural)
setop (alternative colloquial)

From Dutch stop, Middle Dutch stoppe, from Middle Dutch stoppen, from Old Dutch *stoppon, from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn. Doublet of setop.


mare

marê (canonical)
mare-mare (plural)
maria (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin mare (“sea”).

learned borrowing

(planetology) mare (a large, dark plain, which may have the appearance of a sea, such as those on the Moon)


mandarin

From Portuguese mandarim (“mandarin”), from Malay menteri (“minister”), from Sanskrit मन्त्री (mantrī, “minister”). Doublet of manti, mantri, and menteri.

(historical) a high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire

Mandarin, the language of those official, which is the official language of China and Taiwan


mandarin

From English mandarin (“mandarin orange”), from French mandarine, feminine of mandarin, probably formed as Etymology 1, above, from the yellow colour of the mandarins' costume.


gram

From Dutch gram, from French gramme, from Latin gramma, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

gram: a unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram. Symbol: g


blower

blowêr (canonical)
blower-blower (plural)

blower: a ducted fan, usually part of a heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning system


persen

pêrsèn (canonical)
persen-persen (plural)

desc

→ Chinese: 八仙 (pat-sian, “percent, percentage, tip”)

From Dutch percent, from Italian percento, from New Latin per centum (“by the hundred”). Doublet of prosen.

percent, percentage: the amount, number or rate of something, regarded as part of a total of 100; a part of a whole


domain

From English domain, from Middle English demayne, demain (“rule”), from Old French demeine, demaine, demeigne, domaine (“power”), (French domaine), from Latin dominium (“property, right of ownership”), from dominus (“master, proprietor, owner”). Doublet of dame.


pet

From Dutch pet, probably from French toupet. Doublet of peci.


anime

Borrowed from Japanese アニメ (anime), an abbreviation of アニメーション (animēshon), itself borrowed from English animation. Doublet of aeni and animasi.

anime (an animation originating from Japan, regardless of its style)

anime (an artistic style originating in, and associated with, Japanese animation, and that has also been adopted by a comparatively low number of animated works from other countries)


manga

From Japanese 漫画(まんが) (manga), from Middle Chinese 漫 (MC manH, “free, unrestrained”) + 畫 (MC hweaH|hweak, “drawing”). Doublet of manhua and manhwa.

(comics) manga (comic originating in Japan)


sensei

Borrowed from Japanese 先生(せんせい) (sensei, “teacher; elder”), from Middle Chinese 先生 (sen-ʂænɡ, “master, elder”), from 先 (“earlier, first”) + 生 (“born”). Compare Min Nan 先生 (sin-seⁿ, “doctor, physician, teacher”). Doublet of sinse.

zh-l

Yamada-sensei

a suffix attached to the name of a teacher (principally in translations from Japanese)


dojo

Borrowed from Japanese 道(どう)場(じょう) (dōjō, literally “place of the ways”): 道(どう) (dō, “road; way”) + 場(じょう) (jō, “place”).

ja-r

(martial arts) a training facility, usually led by one or more sensei; a hall or room used for such training


platform

From Dutch platform, from Middle French plateforme (Modern French plate-forme), from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “flat”)) + Latin fōrma (“shape; figure; form”).

platform (a raised stage from which speeches are made and on which musical and other performances are made)

platform (a raised structure from which passengers can enter or leave a train, metro etc.)

a political platform, (electoral) program


hanzi

Borrowed from Mandarin 漢字 /汉字 (hànzì, “Han characters”), from Middle Chinese 漢 (xàn, “Han dynasty, China”) + 字 (dzì, “[written] character”). Compare Cantonese 漢字 /汉字 (hon³ zi⁶), Hokkien 漢字 /汉字 (hàn-jī, hàn-lī) and Japanese 漢字 (kanji). Doublet of hanja, honji, and kanji.


mayor

mayor-mayor (plural)
mejar (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Dutch majoor, from Spanish mayor, from Latin maior.

major (military rank in Indonesian Army)

lieutenant commander
lieutenant commander

lieutenant commander (military rank in Indonesian Navy)

squadron leader (military rank in Indonesian Air Force)


neutron

neutron-neutron (plural)
netron (alternative)

(physics) neutron: a subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and having no charge; it is a combination of an up quark and two down quarks.


harem

From Ottoman Turkish حرم (harem) (Modern Turkish harem), from Arabic حَرَم (ḥaram, “something prohibited; sanctuary, women”); and later also from حَرِيم (ḥarīm) with same meaning, both from حَرُمَ (ḥaruma, “be forbidden or unlawful”). Doublet of haram.

the private section of an Arab household, traditionally forbidden to male strangers

a group of someone's girlfriends, wives and/or concubines in a polygamous household

(biology) a group of female animals (cows) herded and controlled by a male animal (bull) of that species for breeding purposes; such behaviour is exhibited by bovids including cattle and buffalo as well as moose, elephants, seals, sea lions, baboons, and elephant seals

(biology) a group of female birds mated to or associated with a breeding male


halma

From English halma, from Ancient Greek ἅλμα (hálma, “leap”).

(board games) halma: a board game invented by George Howard Monks in which the players' men jump over those in adjacent squares


teken

Borrowed from Dutch teken, from Middle Dutch têken, from Old Dutch *tēkan, from Proto-Germanic *taikną.

(informal) to sign, to validate or ratify (a document) by writing one's signature on it


teken

head

teken (active neken, passive diteken, involuntary passive/active keteken)

neken (active)
diteken (passive)
passive (involuntary)
active keteken (involuntary)

See this page for the complete etymology information. Influenced by Javanese teken.


sake

From Japanese 酒(さけ) (sake, “alcoholic drink”).


agora

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀγορά (agorá).

lbor

agora; a marketplace, especially in Classical Greece


sofa

From Dutch sofa, from French sofa, ultimately from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa, “a long seat made of stone or brick”).

der

sofa: an upholstered seat with a raised back and one or two raised ends, long enough to comfortably accommodate two or more people


gender

gèndêr (canonical)
gender-gender (plural)

Internationalism, unadapted borrowing from English gender, from Middle English gendre, gender (see also gendres), from Middle French gendre, genre, from Latin genus (“kind, sort”). Doublet of genus, genre, and jenis.

sex (a category, either male or female, into which sexually-reproducing organisms are divided on the basis of their reproductive roles in their species)

identification as a man, a woman, or something else, and association with a (social) role or set of behavioral and cultural traits, clothing, etc; a category to which a person belongs on this basis


gender

gêndèr (canonical)
gender-gender (plural)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦂ (gendèr), from Old Javanese gĕnder.


asteroid

astéroid (canonical)
asteroid-asteroid (plural)


hem

From Dutch hemd, from Middle Dutch hemde, hemede, from Old Dutch *hemithi, from Proto-Germanic *hamiþiją.

shirt, an article of clothing that is worn on the upper part of the body, and often has sleeves, either long or short, that cover the arms


hem

(biochemistry) heme: the component of hemoglobin (and other hemoproteins) responsible for binding oxygen


hem

A sound uttered in imitation of clearing the throat (onomatopoeia).

onomatopoeic

imitation

used to express anger, furiousness, etc.


instrumental

Borrowed from Dutch instrumentaal, from French instrumental, from Medieval Latin īnstrūmentālis.

(music) pertaining to, made by, or prepared for an instrument, especially a musical instrument (rather than the human voice)

(linguistics) applied to a case expressing means or agency


nadir

Inherited from Malay nadir, from Persian نادر (nâder, “rare”), from Arabic نَادِر (nādir).


nadir

Borrowed from Dutch nadir, from French nadir, from Medieval Latin nadir, from Arabic نَظِير السَّمْت (naẓīr as-samt), composed of نَظِير (naẓīr, “counterpart, corresponding to”) and السَّمْت (as-samt, “the zenith”).

der

نَظِير السَّمْت

nadir, the point of the celestial sphere, directly opposite the zenith; inferior pole of the horizon; point of the celestial sphere directly under the place of observation

(astronomy) nadir, down; the axis of a projected conical shadow; the direction of the force of gravity at a location


nadir

(chiefly dialectal) a Malacca type of large sea-going fishing boat


nadir

nadir-nadir (plural)
nazir (alternative)

From Classical Persian نَظِیر (nazīr), from Arabic نَظِير (naẓīr). Doublet of nazir.


masker

maskêr (canonical)
masker-masker (plural)

From Dutch masker, from Middle French masque (“a covering to hide or protect the face”), from Italian maschera (“mask, disguise”), from (a byform of, see it for more) Medieval Latin masca, mascha.

mask, a cover, or partial cover, for the face

(colloquial) Short for masker wajah (“facial mask”).


non-

From English non-, from Middle English non- (“not, lack of, failure to”), from Middle English non (“no, not any; not, not at all”, literally “none”), from Old English nān (“no, not any”), see none. Merged with and reinforced by Middle English non- (“not”), from Old French non- and Medieval Latin nōn (“not”), from Old Latin noinu, noinom, from ne oinom (“not one”).

non-: Used in the sense of no or none, to show lack of or failure to perform; or in the sense of not, to negate the meaning of the word to which it is prefixed.


hun

From Malay hun, from Hokkien 分 (hun, “to divide; to separate; to distribute; to allocate; to assign; to allot; etc”).

zh-l

„Kasi tjandoe empat hoen," kata perempoewan itoe dengan soewara agak njaring kepada seorang hèlper (penolong) jang sedang doedoek menghadapi médja, Ditentang djendéla ketjil, tempat orang membeli tjandoe.

1918, Merari Siregar, chapter I, in Si Djamin dan Si Djohan, Weltevreden: Balai Pustaka:

"Give me four hoons of opium," she said somewhat loudly to a helper sitting at a table by a small window where opium was sold.

(historical) hoon (A unit of weight equivalent to one hundredth of a tahil); candareen


astral

From Dutch astraal, from Late Latin astralis, from Latin astrum (“star”), from Ancient Greek ἄστρον (ástron, “star”).

starry: relating to or resembling the stars

relating to a supposed supersensible substance taking the form of an aura discernible by certain gifted individuals


kernel

Borrowed from English kernel, from Middle English kernel, kirnel, kürnel, from Old English cyrnel, from Proto-West Germanic *kurnil, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *kurną (“seed, grain, corn”), equivalent to corn + -le.

der

(botany, agriculture) the stone of certain fruits, such as peaches or plums. (of oil palm)

information technology
information technology

(computing, information technology) the central part of many computer operating systems which manages the system's resources and the communication between hardware and software components


nitrogen

Borrowed from Dutch nitrogeen, from French nitrogène.


edit

head

edit (base edit, imperative edit, colloquial edit, active mengedit, ordinary passive diedit, adversative passive teredit)

edit (imperative)
edit (colloquial)
mengedit (active)


PHP

Lu jangan PHP-in gua ya!!!

(slang) Initialism of pemberi harapan palsu (“someone who makes false promises”, literally “giver of false hope”).


ordinal

Borrowed from Dutch ordinaal (“ordinal”), from French ordinal, from Latin ōrdinālis, adjective formed from noun ōrdō (“order”), + adjective suffix -ālis.


kata

From Malay kata, from Pali kathā, from Sanskrit कथा (kathā, “speech; story”).

(linguistics) word: (the smallest unit of language that has a particular meaning and can be expressed by itself; the smallest discrete, meaningful unit of language)


kata

head

kata (stative berkata, active mengata, transitive locative katai, transitive applicative katakan)

berkata (stative)
mengata (active)
katai (locative transitive)
katakan (applicative transitive)
kata (root)
mengata (active nominative)
terkata (nominative passive)
dikata (nominative passive)
kata (nominative)
katalah (nominative)
mengatai (active)
terkatai (passive)
dikatai (passive)
katai
katailah
mengatakan (active)
terkatakan (passive)
dikatakan (passive)
katakan
katakanlah
memperkata (active causative nominative)
terperkata (causative nominative passive)
diperkata (causative nominative passive)
perkata (causative nominative)
perkatalah (causative nominative)
memperkatai (active causative)
terperkatai (causative passive)
diperkatai (causative passive)
perkatai (causative)
perkatailah (causative)
memperkatakan (active causative)
terperkatakan (causative passive)
diperkatakan (causative passive)
perkatakan (causative)
perkatakanlah (causative)


kata

(rare) a small claypot without a lid for smoked salted fish


order

From Dutch order, from Old French ordre, ordne, ordene (“order, rank”), from Latin ōrdinem, accusative of ōrdō (“row, rank, regular arrangement”, literally “row of threads in a loom”). Doublet of orde and ordo.

(uncommon) order (request for some product or service)


order

ordêr (active mengorder, passive diorder)

ordêr (canonical)
mengorder (active)
diorder (passive)

to order (to request some product or service)

(uncommon) to order (to issue a command)


hanger

hangêr (canonical)
hanger-hanger (plural)


ah

Unknown
* from Arabic آهْ (ʔāh)
* from Peranakan Indonesian ach (“oh”), from Dutch ach (“oh”).

oh, expresses compassion, surprise and dismay


ha

expression of excitement or ridicule: ha!


ha

The name of the Latin-script letter H/h.


darah

id-noun

darah (countable and uncountable, plural darah-darah)

From Malay darah, from Proto-Malayic *darah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀaq, from Proto-Austronesian *daʀaq.

(uncountable) blood (vital liquid flowing in human and animal bodies)

(figurative) blood (family relationship due to birth, e.g. between siblings)


temu

From Malay temu, from Classical Malay تمو (tĕmu), from Old Malay [script needed] (tmu), from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təmu (“to meet, receive; greet a guest”), or alternatively from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁mu, *t₁muj, *t₁muəj (“guest, visitor”). Possible doublet of tamu (“guest, visitor”).


temu

From Javanese ꦠꦼꦩꦸ (temu), from Old Javanese tĕmu, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *temu (“turmeric”). Compare to Tagalog támo.

temu lawak (Curcuma xanthorthiza)

curcuma: a plant which the bulb used as (traditional) medical potion


langsam

From Dutch langzaam, from Middle Dutch lancsam, lancsom, lancsaem, from Old Dutch *langsam, from Proto-West Germanic *langasam (“lengthy, long-lasting”).


EKG

(cardiology) Initialism of elektrokardiogram.

(cardiology) Initialism of elektrokardiograf.

(cardiology) Initialism of elektrokardiografi.


EEG

(neurology) Initialism of elektroensefalogram (“electroencephalogram”).

(neurology) Initialism of elektroensefalograf (“electroencephalograph”).

(neurology) Initialism of elektroensefalografi (“electroencephalography”).


ADP

arah dasar pengukuran
arah dasar pengukuran#Indonesian

(military) Initialism of arah dasar pengukuran.

adenosina difosfat
adenosina difosfat#Indonesian

adenosine diphosphate
adenosine diphosphate

(biochemistry) Initialism of adenosina difosfat (“adenosine diphosphate”).


void

(law) void: of no legal force or effect, incapable of confirmation or ratification


void

(architecture) void: An empty space between floors or walls, including false separations and planned gaps between a building and its facade


tank

tank-tank (plural)
tang (alternative)
teng (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch tank, from English tank, from Portuguese tanque (“tank, liquid container”), originally from Indian vernacular for a large artificial water reservoir, cistern, pool, etc., for example, Gujarati ટાંકી (ṭā̃kī) or Marathi टाकी (ṭākī), from Sanskrit तडग (taḍaga, “pond”). Doublet of tangki.

tank, an armoured fighting vehicle, armed with a gun in a turret, and moving on caterpillar tracks


juta

→ Tetum: juta

From Malay juta, from Sanskrit अयुत (ayuta, “ten thousand”).

djoeta (alternative)
djuta (alternative)


arbor

From English arbor, from Middle English arbour, erbour, from Old French erbier (“field, meadow, kitchen garden”), from erbe (“grass, herb”), from Latin herba (“grass, herb”).

arbor (a shady sitting place or pergola usually in a park or garden, surrounded by climbing shrubs, vines or other vegetation)


pohon

Inherited from Malay pohon, from Proto-Malayic *puhun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqun, from Proto-Austronesian *puqun.


pohon

Inherited from Malay pohon, from Old Javanese puhun.

(archaic) alternative spelling of mohon (“to ask, to request”)


cor

to pour (molten steel, cement, sand, etc.)


beta

Inherited from Malay beta, possibly from Hindi बेटा (beṭā, “son”). Some linguists propose that this word is a native derivation due to the similarity in form with kita (“we (inclusive)”).


beta

beta (second letter of the Greek alphabet)


beta

abbreviation of benda terbang aneh (“unidentified flying object”).


delta

the fourth letter of the modern Greek alphabet Δ, δ

(geography) a landform at the mouth of a river where it empties into a body of water


natural

Borrowed from English natural, from Middle English natural, from Old French natural, naturel, from Latin nātūrālis, from nātus, the perfect participle of nāscor (“be born”, verb).

formed by nature; not manufactured or created by artificial processes

pertaining to a decoration that preserves or enhances the appearance of the original material; not stained or artificially coloured


FF

(education) Initialism of fakultas farmasi.


Nippon

From Japanese 日本(にっぽん) (Nippon), an alternative or older form of 日本(にほん) (Nihon).

Penggantian nama militer, oleh karena Nippon, adalah Batavia dengan nama Djakarta dalam keadaan perang terdjadi pada tanggal 9 Desember 1942.

Military name change, because of Japan, included Batavia with Djakarta in war on 9 December 1942.

Rakjat Nippon jang melakoekan kedjahatan dihoekoem menoeroet oendang-oendang hoekoeman kriminil Dai Nippon.


Nippon

Kenpetai itu berdiri, berkata dalam bahasa Nippon dengan orang Nippon [...] itu.

That military policeman stand up, talk in Japanese to that Japanese.


Ankara

From Turkish Ankara, ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἄγκυρα (Ánkura), from ἄγκυρα (ánkura, “anchor”).


linear

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch lineair (“linear”), from French linéaire, from Latin līneāris.

alternative spelling of linièr (“linear”)


CBC

complete blood count
complete blood count#English

(medicine) Initialism of complete blood count.


TV

(communication) Initialism of televisi (“television”).


okapi

Borrowed from English okapi, from Mvuba okapi.


genus

Borrowed from Dutch genus, from Latin genus. Doublet of gender, genre, and jenis.

(biology, taxonomy) a category in the classification of organisms, ranking below family (Lat. familia) and above species


mu

(text messaging, informal) Alternative spelling of -mu


petroleum

pétroléum (canonical)
petroleum-petroleum (plural)

From Dutch petroleum, from Medieval Latin petroleum, from petra (“rock”) + oleum (“oil”).


SM

Sebelum Masehi
Sebelum Masehi#Indonesian

Abbreviation of Sebelum Masehi (“BC; Before Christ”).


dam

From Dutch dam (“king (draught/checkers)”), from Middle French dame, from Old French dame, from Latin domina.

(games) draught (American), checkers (British)

checker (a pattern of alternating colours as on a chessboard)


dam

From Dutch dam (“dam”), from Middle Dutch dam, from Old Dutch dam, from Proto-Germanic *dammaz.

dam (a structure placed across a flowing body of water to stop the flow or part of the flow)


dam

From Arabic دَم (dam, “blood”), from Proto-Semitic *dam-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *dam-.

(Islam) fine (a fee levied as punishment for breaking the law)


premier

Borrowed from English premiere, première, from French première. Doublet of première.


atom

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch atoom (“atom”), from French atome, from Latin atomus, from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos).

(chemistry, nuclear physics) atom, the smallest possible amount of matter which still retains its identity as a chemical element, now known to consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons

(figurative) plastic, a synthetic, solid, hydrocarbon-based polymer, whether thermoplastic or thermosetting


area

any particular extent of surface, especially an empty or unused extent


boron

boron-boron (plural)
B (alternative initialism)


aluminium

aloeminioem (alternative)
alumunium (alternative)

From Dutch aluminium, from English aluminium.


argon

From Dutch argon, from English argon, from Ancient Greek ἀργόν (argón).


barium

alkaline earth metal
alkaline earth metal

The chemical element (symbol Ba) with an atomic number of 56. It is a soft, reactive, silvery alkaline earth metal.

(countable) A single atom of this element.

barium
(medicine) barium sulfate suspension.


em

The name of the Latin-script letter M/m.


accelerando

Unadapted borrowing from Italian accelerando (“accelerating”).


bus

Borrowed from Dutch bus, shortening of omnibus, from Latin omnibus (“for everything/all”); dative plural of omnis (“all”).

alternative pronunciations, especially for the word of etymology 1

bus (a motor vehicle for transporting large numbers of people along roads)


bus

imitation sound of blowing wind; can be roughly translated as whoosh


kayak

From Betawi kaya', kaya, from Javanese ꦏꦪ (kaya, “like, such as”), from Old Javanese kaya (“like, as, as if, it looks as if”), from Pali काय (kāya), from Sanskrit क (ka, “similarity (suffix)”).


kayak

From Dutch kajak, from English kayak, from Inuktitut ᖃᔭᖅ (qayaq, “man's boat”), from Proto-Eskimo *qayaʁ.


mobil

Clipping of otomobil, from Dutch automobiel.

car, automobile, a vehicle steered by a driver


mobil

From Dutch mobiel, from Middle French mobile, from Latin mōbilis (“easy to be moved, moveable”), from moveō (“move”). Doublet of mebel.


AI

artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence

(computing) Initialism of akal imitasi (“artificial intelligence”).


si

From Proto-Austronesian *si. Compare Bikol Central si, Chamorro si, and Malay si, Tagalog si.

Tiada satupun yang berani pada si Tigor pemberani.

Kukatakan pada si Yopi kecil, janganlah marah

Kudengar bahwa si Tuti besar sedang sakit

definite article used before the names of those with whom the speaker and interlocutor is intimate or familiar with

Si penjual jamu itu cantik sekali.

Dia tertawa dengan si orang asing itu.

Si pemuda itu tersenyum lebar lalu pergi.

definite article used before a noun referring to a particular person with a particular characteristic

Namanya si Putih

Si Gendut

Si Goblok

definite article used before a nickname, typically for a subject whose well-known attributes are referred to by an adjective

si kucing


si

(law enforcement) aphetic form of seksi (“section”)


si

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 市(し) (shi, “city”). Romanised according modified Kunrei-shiki romanization.

(historical, 1942-1945) Synonym of kota (“city”)


ca

From Hokkien 炒 (chhá, “to stir fry; to sauté”).


ti

Borrowed from English ti, from alteration of si, made so that every note of solfège would begin with a different letter.

(music) ti (a syllable used in solfège to represent the seventh note of a major scale)


ge

The name of the Latin-script letter G/g.


pot

From Dutch pot, from Middle Dutch pot, from Proto-Germanic *puttaz (“pot”). Doublet of poci.

pot (a vessel used to hold soil for growing plants)


nah

Nah, itu yang tidak bisa kita ketahui.

Now, that's what we haven't been able to find out.

Lalu saya dipecat dengan tidak hormat. Nah, ini yang minimbulkan perasaan bahwa itu keterlaluan.

Then I was given a dishonourable dismissal. Now, this is what made me feel that they had over-stepped the mark.

Used to conclude a speech or train of thought; now; so; right; okay


nah

See?! That's why you shouldn't eat a lot of fruit.

Nah! Makanya jangan makan buah banyak-banyak (a mother scolding a child who has a stomachache)

I told you so! See?! (at long last the penny's dropped)


universal

Internationalism, from Latin ūniversālis.

universal:
of or pertaining to the universe

common to all members of a group or class

universal:
common to all society; worldwide

universal:
useful for many purposes; all-purpose


terminal

From Dutch terminal, from Late Latin terminalis (“pertaining to a boundary or to the end, terminal, final”), from Latin terminus (“a bound, boundary, limit, end”).

der

(transport) facility to embark and disembark passengers

(computing) a device for entering data into a computer or a communications system and/or displaying data received, especially a device equipped with a keyboard and some sort of textual display

(chiefly Eastern Indonesia, electricity) electrical socket


tar

Alternative spelling of tir (chess pieces)


tar

tar-tar (plural)
tart [tat] (alternative)

From Dutch taart, from Middle Dutch tāerte, from Old French tarte.


tar

From English tar, from Proto-Germanic *terwą, from Proto-Indo-European *derwo-. Doublet of ter and tir.

tar, the solid residual byproduct of tobacco smoke


ce

The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.


lu

From Betawi Udik lo (“you”), from Hokkien 汝 (lú). Doublet of lo.

(chiefly Jakarta, slang) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours


am

From Malay am, from Classical Malay عام (am), from Arabic عَامّ (ʕāmm).


es

ès (canonical)
es-es (plural)
ais (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Dutch ijs, from Middle Dutch ijs, from Old Dutch *īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.


es

The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.


huk

From Dutch hoek (“corner, angle”), from Middle Dutch hoec, huoc, from Old Dutch *huok, from Proto-Germanic *hōkaz (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *kog-, *keg-, *keng- (“peg, hook, claw”).

(colloquial) land or building at the corner

(colloquial, dialectal) corner (of the room)


tri

From Malay tri, from Sanskrit त्रि (tri), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tráyas, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


bia

Nonstandard form of bea (“tax, custom duty, expense”).


jet

Borrowed from English jet, from French jet (“spurt”, literally “a throw”), from Old French get, giet, from Vulgar Latin *iectus, jectus, from Latin iactus (“a throwing, a throw”), from iacere (“to throw”).

(physics) jet; a collimated stream, spurt or flow of liquid or gas

(aviation) jet; a type of airplane using jet engines rather than propellers


hook

(colloquial) Alternative form of huk (“land or building at the corner”)


baba

Cognate of Cebuano babá (“to piggyback”).

to piggyback: to carry someone on the back


generator

génêrator (canonical)
generator-generator (plural)

From Dutch generator, from Latin generātor, genero (“beget, father”).


pilot

Internationalism, borrowed from English pilot, from Middle French pilot, pillot, from Italian pilota, piloto, older also pedotta, pedot(t)o (the form in pil- is probably influenced by pileggiare (“to sail, navigate”)); ultimately from unattested Byzantine Greek *πηδώτης (*pēdṓtēs, “helmsman”), from Ancient Greek πηδόν (pēdón, “blade of an oar, oar”).

(aviation) aviator, pilot: A person who is in charge of the controls of an aircraft


real

From English real, from Middle English real, from Old French reel, from Late Latin reālis (“actual”), from Latin rēs (“matter, thing”), from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁ís (“wealth, goods”). Doublet of riil.


dok

From Dutch dok (“dock”), from Middle Dutch docke (“channel”), from Old Italian doccia (“conduit, canal”) or Medieval Latin ducta, ductus.

(nautical) dock, a fixed structure attached to shore to which a vessel is secured when in port.


dok

Apocopic form of dokter (“doctor, physician”)


alter

From English alter, from Old French alterer (French altérer), from Medieval Latin alterare (“to make other”), from Latin alter (“the other”).

to alter, to tailor clothes to make them fit


developer

Unadapted borrowing from English developer.


lever

lèvêr (canonical)
lever-lever (plural)
liver (alternative)


lever

Borrowed from Dutch leveren (“to deliver”).

(colloquial, rare) to send goods; to deliver


resistor

résistor (canonical)
resistor-resistor (plural)

(electronics) resistor: an electric component that transmits current in direct proportion to the voltage across it


lava

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch lava, from Neapolitan lava (“lava”, but also “downpour overflowing the streets”).

der

(geology) lava: the molten rock ejected by a volcano (hence on the surface) from its crater or fissured sides


halal

Inherited from Malay halal, from Classical Malay halal, from Arabic حَلَال (ḥalāl).

(Islam) permissible, according to Muslim religious customs, to have or do

(of food) fit to eat according to Muslim religious customs

(of money or items) lawful: conforming to, or recognised by the laws of society


problem

From Dutch probleem, from Latin problēma, from Ancient Greek πρόβλημα (próblēma).


pop

From Dutch pop, from New Latin pupa. Doublet of pupa and popi.

(dialectal or obsolete) Synonym of boneka (“doll”)


POP

pengawas operasional pertama
pengawas operasional pertama#Indonesian

(mining) Acronym of pengawas operasional pertama.


mega

From Malay mega, from Sanskrit मेघ (megha).

(dialectal, rare) Synonym of awan (“cloud”)


vodka

From Russian во́дка (vódka), from вода́ (vodá, “water”) + -ка (-ka, “-let: forming diminutives”).

a clear distilled alcoholic liquor made from grain mash


net

From Dutch net, from Middle Dutch net, nette, from Old Dutch *net, *netti, from Proto-Germanic *natją, from Proto-Indo-European *ned- (“to turn, twist, knot”).

(sports) net, a mesh stretched to divide the court in tennis, badminton, volleyball, etc


jip

a small, blocky, military-style vehicle with four-wheel drive, suited to rough terrain

a light utility truck from WWII used by the U.S. Army, and subsequently turned into the trademark Jeep when civilianized by originating manufacturer Willys-Overland

genericized trademark
genericized trademark

sport utility vehicle
sport utility vehicle

(genericized trademark) a sport utility vehicle or similar four-wheel-drive vehicle


Daniel

Borrowed from Dutch Daniël, from Latin Dāniēl, from Ancient Greek Δᾱνῑήλ (Dānīḗl), from the Biblical Hebrew דָּנִיֵּאל (Daniyél, “Daniel”, literally “God is [my] judge”).


visa

From Dutch visa, from French visa, from Latin visa, short form of charta visa (“paper that has been seen”), plural of visum (“something seen”).

visa: A permit to enter and leave a country, normally issued by the authorities of the country to be visited


android

Internationalism, borrowed from New Latin androides, from Ancient Greek ἀνδρός (andrós, genitive of ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man, human”)) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, itself from εἶδος (eîdos, “form, image, shape, appearance, look”)).

af

genitive of <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">ἀνήρ</i> (anḗr, “man, human”)

itself from <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">εἶδος</i> (eîdos, “form, image, shape, appearance, look”)

a robot that is designed to look and act like a human being (not necessarily a male one)


android

(anatomy: in pelvimetry) of the pelvis, having a narrow anterior segment and a heart-shaped brim, typically found in the male


ons

From Dutch ons, from Middle Dutch unce (1240), borrowed from Latin uncia (a twelfth of a pound) probably via Old French once.


bang

Bang Erwin, mau ke mana?