iga

From Javanese ꦲꦶꦒ (iga, “rib”), from Old Javanese higā, igā (“rib”). Cognate Balinese ᬳᬶᬕ (higa, “rib”).

(anatomy) rib: any of a series of long curved bones occurring in 12 pairs in humans and other animals and extending from the spine to or toward the sternum


rak

sound of cracking (specifically about wooden branch breaking)


rak

Borrowed from Dutch rak, rek (“rack”), from Middle Dutch rac, recke, rec.

a series of one or more shelves, stacked one above the other

any of various kinds of frame for holding luggage or other objects on a vehicle or vessel.

shelf: a flat, rigid structure, fixed at right angles to a wall or forming a part of a cabinet, desk, etc., and used to display, store, or support objects


kor

kor-kor (plural)
koir [kuayer] (alternative)

From Dutch koor (“choir”), from Middle Dutch côor, from Latin chorus. Cognate with Afrikaans koor, English choir.

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian


bila

From Malay bila, from Old Malay vela, from Sanskrit वेला (velā).


soba

Borrowed from Japanese 蕎麦 (そば, soba, “buckwheat”).


kering

tanahnya sudah kering

(figurative) broke, penniless (without any money)

(figurative, dialectal or ovsolete) startled, stunned, surprised


kering

kêring (canonical)
kering-kering (plural)


ak

(text messaging, slang) Abbreviation of aku.


kari

one of a family of dishes originating from Indian cuisine, flavoured by a spiced sauce

a spiced sauce or relish, especially one flavoured with curry powder


kram

(medicine, colloquial) Alternative form of keram (“cramp”)


tanda

Inherited from Malay tanda, from Javanese ꦠꦤ꧀ꦝ (tandha), from Old Javanese taṇḍa (“standard, banner”), probably from Tamil தண்டம் (taṇṭam, “flag”, literally “stick, staff”), from Sanskrit दण्ड (daṇḍa) (hence, doublet of denda).


tandu

→ Min Nan: 丹廚 /丹厨

From Malay tandu, from Classical Malay tandu, from Tamil தண்டு (taṇṭu, “palanquin”).


minta

meminta (active)
diminta (passive)
minta (root)
meminta (active nominative)
diminta (nominative passive)
minta (nominative)
mintalah (nominative)
memintai (active)
dimintai (passive)
mintai
mintailah
memintakan (active)
dimintakan (passive)
mintakan
mintakanlah

From Malay minta, from Classical Malay minta.
* a nasalization of pinta. So a doublet of pinta.
* from Javanese ꦩꦶꦤ꧀ꦠ (minta), from Old Javanese aminta.

Aku meminta dia permen.

Mereka sedang meminta untuk gaji mereka dinaikkan.

They're asking for their salaries to be increased.


hari

hari-hari (plural)
ari (alternative Jakarta)

From Malay hari, from Proto-Malayic *ari, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *waʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *waʀi. According to Adelaar (1992), the intrusive h- was added to prevent vowel clusters in words such as *mata ari > matahari "sun".

a period from midnight to the following midnight

(astronomy) rotational period of a planet (especially Earth)

the part of a day period which one spends at one’s job, school, etc.

(meteorology) a 24-hour period beginning at 6am or sunrise

age; time: a specified time or period; time, considered with reference to the existence or prominence of a person or thing

daytime: part of a day period between sunrise and sunset where one enjoys daylight


harap

From Malay harap, from Old Javanese harĕp (“to wish, desire”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. Doublet of depan and hadap.


kas

kas-kas (plural)
kes (alternative colloquial)

Borrowed from Dutch kas, from Old French casse, from Italian cassa from Old Italian cassa, from Latin capsa (“box, case”), from capiō (“I take, I seize, I receive”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to grasp”).

money in the form of notes/bills and coins, as opposed to cheques/checks or electronic transactions

(Standard Malay)

(accounting) liquid assets, money that can be traded quickly, as distinct from assets that are invested and cannot be easily exchanged


kas

→ Ternate: kas (“cupboard”)


busa

From Malay busa, from Proto-Malayic (compare Malay busa), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (compare Fijian vuso).


busa

base-imperative-colloquial of membusa (“to blow; to pant, to gasp”)


bunda

Dibuai dibesarkan bunda.


akar

Inherited from Malay akar, from Proto-Malayic *akar,from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wakaʀ.

(anatomy, dentistry) the part of a tooth

(figurative) root, origin, the primary source

(of arithmetic) of a number or expression, a number which, when raised to a specified power, yields the specified number or expression.

(linguistic morphology) the primary lexical unit of a word

(computing) root a person who manages accounts on a UNIX system


ipar

Inherited from Malay ipar, from Proto-Malayic *ipar (“in-law”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hipaʀ.


imprimatur

Learned borrowing from Latin imprimātur (“let it be printed”), third person singular present subjunctive passive form of imprimere (“to imprint”).

learned borrowing

(Catholicism) imprimatur, an official license to publish or print something


tenda

Borrowed from Portuguese tenda, from Vulgar Latin tenda, or *tendita, substantivized feminine of *tenditus, as a variant form of tentus, perfect passive participle of Latin tendō.

tent: a pavilion or portable lodge consisting of skins, canvas, or some strong cloth, stretched and sustained by poles, used for sheltering people from the weather

hood, bonnet: the hinged cover over the engine of a motor vehicle


sarana

sarana-sarana (plural)
serana (alternative)

→ Malay: sarana

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦫꦤ (sarana, “mean”), from Old Javanese śaraṇa (“refuge, protection; help, aid, means”), from Sanskrit शरण (śaraṇa, “refuge, protection”).

der

structure: a cohesive whole built up of distinct parts, a body


maha

From Malay maha, from Sanskrit महा (mahā), combining form of महत् (mahat).


paras

Inherited from Malay paras, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paras₂ (“face, looks, appearance”).


paras

Inherited from Malay paras, from Javanese ꦥꦫꦱ꧀ (paras, “trimmed; razor”), from Old Javanese paras (“trimmed; razor”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paras₁ (“shaved off, made smooth”).


paras

Inherited from Malay paras, from Javanese ꦥꦫꦱ꧀ (paras, “rock”), from Old Javanese paras (“rock”). Doublet of padas.


kanta

Inherited from Malay kanta (“lens”), from Sanskrit कान्त (kānta, “stone”).


mesti

Inherited from Malay mesti, from Javanese ꦩꦼꦱ꧀ꦛꦶ (mesthi), probably from Old Javanese muṣṭi, from Sanskrit मुष्टि (muṣṭi, “fist, clenched hand”). Doublet of pasti.


mester

méster (canonical)
mester-mester (plural)

From Dutch meester, from Middle Dutch mêester, from Old Dutch *mēster, from Vulgar Latin *maester, from Latin magister. Doublet of maestro, magister, and master.


maja

From Malay maja, from Old Javanese maja (“Aegle marmelos”), probably from Prakrit majja (“intoxicant, wine, spirits”), from Sanskrit मद्य (madya, “intoxicating drink”).

der

Aegle marmelos
Aegle marmelos#Translingual

(botany) bael, wood apple (Aegle marmelos)

Limonia acidissima
Limonia acidissima#Translingual

(botany) wood apple, elephant apple (Limonia acidissima)


inci

From English inch, from Middle English ynche, enche, from Old English ynce, borrowed from Latin uncia (“twelfth part”). Compare to Japanese インチ (inchi, “inch”).

inch, a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot, or exactly 2.54 centimetres


magis

→ Malay: magis

Borrowed from Dutch magisch (“magical”).


poros

(geometry) an imaginary line around which an object spins (an axis of rotation) or is symmetrically arranged (an axis of symmetry)

the pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel

axletree: a transverse bar or shaft connecting the opposite wheels of a car or carriage


porus

Borrowed from Dutch poreus (“porous”), from French poreux (“porous”), from Old French poros, from Latin porus (“an opening”), from Ancient Greek πόρος (póros).


deh

Borrowed from Betawi Kota dèh, from Betawi udè, udah (perfective marker). Doublet of sudah and udah.

Iya, deh, aku yang salah.

Kayaknya bukan kamu, deh.

Karena kita telat, jadi kelewatan, deh.

Because we're late, we missed it, unfortunately.

(Jakarta, colloquial) adds emphasis at the end of a phrase or a sentence


seni

From Dutch East Indies Malay seni (“art”), probably from Sanskrit सनी (sanī, “reward, gift”).

the conscious production or arrangement of sounds, colours, forms, movements, or other elements in a manner that affects the senses and emotions, usually specifically the production of the beautiful in a graphic or plastic medium

skillful creative activity, usually with an aesthetic focus

...sport dan seni (kunst).

1934, Soetomo, Kenang kenangan, page 12:


seni

From earlier se- (“one”) + *nik (“small, fine”).


seni

From Dutch genie. From French génie, from Latin genius. Doublet of zeni.


rica

From Manado Malay rica (“chili pepper”) and North Moluccan Malay rica, from Ternate rica, itself from Malay merica, from Pali marica, from Sanskrit मरिच (marica). Doublet of merica.


armada

From Malay armada, from Portuguese armada, from Medieval Latin armāta, from the feminine past participle of Latin armō, from arma.


kanca

kanca-kanca (plural)
nonstandard Indonesian (alternative)
Standard Malay (alternative)

From Javanese ꦏꦚ꧀ꦕ (kanca, “friend”), from Old Javanese kañca (“friend”).


hak

From Malay hak, from Classical Malay hak, from Arabic حَقّ (ḥaqq, “truth”).

Kita harus menghormati hak orang lain.

We must respect the rights of other people.

right: that which complies with justice, law or reason; a legal, just or moral entitlement


hak

From Dutch hak (“heel of a shoe”), from Middle Dutch hacke, from Middle Low German hakke, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hak(k)-.

heel: the part of a shoe's sole which supports the foot's heel


hak

From Dutch haak (“hook”), from Middle Dutch hāke, from Old Dutch *hako, from Proto-Germanic *hakô.

(sewing) a hook used to pull thread through the holes of a button

a hook for pulling the buttons of gloves and shoes through the buttonholes

(surgery, colloquial) retractor: a surgical instrument used to hold apart the edges of an incision or wound


mol

Borrowed from Dutch mol, from German Mol. Compare to Malay mol.

(chemistry) a mole (unit of chemical quantity)


mol

Borrowed from Dutch mol, from French mol, mou, from Old French mol, from Latin mollem.


decrescendo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian decrescendo.


mezzo forte

Unadapted borrowing from Italian mezzo forte.

(music) mezzo forte (louder then mezzo piano, but softer than forte)


moderator

From Dutch moderator, from Latin moderātor.

someone who moderates: an arbitrator or mediator;

someone who moderates: the chair or president of a meeting

(engineering) a substance (often water or graphite) used to decrease the speed of fast neutrons in a nuclear reactor and hence increase likelihood of fission


gom

Borrowed from Dutch gom (“gum”), from Middle Dutch gomme, from Old French gomme, from Late Latin gumma, from earlier gummi, cummi.

gum, various viscous or sticky substances exuded by certain plants or produced synthetically


mutagen

Borrowed from Dutch mutageen (“mutagen”), from English mutagen.

bor+

(genetics, pathology) mutagen: any agent or substance that can cause genetic mutation


kitab

From Malay kitab, from Arabic كِتَاب (kitāb, “book”).

book (collection of sheets of paper bound together containing printed or written material)


rit

Borrowed from Dutch rit (literally “ride”), from Middle Dutch *rit, from Middle Low German rit or Middle High German ritt, related to Middle Dutch rêde, dialectal Dutch reed, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *rīdan.


sabun

Inherited from Malay sabun, from Arabic صَابُون (ṣābūn) or Portuguese sabão, both ultimately from Latin sapō.

der

Arabic صَابُون (ṣābūn)


entente

èntèntê (canonical)
entente-entente (plural)

From Dutch entente, from French entente (“understanding”).

international relations
international relations

(international relations) entente, an informal alliance or friendly understanding between two states


roh

roh-roh (plural)
rokh (alternative)
ruh (alternative nonstandard)

From Malay roh, ruh, from Classical Malay roh, ruh, from Arabic رُوح (rūḥ). Doublet of arwah.

a supernatural being without physical form; ghost, fairy, angel

spirit
the soul of a person or other creature


jala

From Malay jala, from Sanskrit जाल (jāla, “net”).


asinus

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin acinus (“grape, grape-stone”); the histopathologic sense comes figuratively from the fancied resemblance (on microscopy) of acinic cells (acinar cells) to bunches of drupelets, berries, or grapes.

lbor

(anatomy) one of the granular masses which constitute a racemose or compound gland, as the pancreas; also, one of the saccular recesses in the lobules of a racemose gland.


dalam

head

dalam (superlative terdalam, equative sedalam)

terdalam (superlative)
sedalam (equative)
dlm (alternative abbreviation)

Inherited from Malay dalam, from Proto-Malayic *daləm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm. Doublet of dalem. Semantic loan from Chinese 內 /内.

kakek dalam


dalam

dalam-dalam (plural)
dlm (alternative abbreviation)


kiri

Inherited from Malay kiri, from Proto-Malayic *(kA-)iri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ka-)wiʀi, Proto-Austronesian *(ka-)wiʀi.

left (the west side of the body when one is facing north)

Melawan kaum kiri bisa dimulai hari ini juga!

You can start fighting left-wingers now!


ras

From Dutch ras, from French race, from Middle French rasse (“entirety of ancestors and descendants of the same family or people”), from Italian razza (13th century), of uncertain origin (more at razza).


minum

meminum (active)
diminum (passive)
minoem (alternative)

Inherited from Malay minum, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *inum.

minum-minum

to drink repeatedly; to consume alcoholic beverages

terminum

drunk; to be accidentally drunk; drinkable

(obsolete) to drink (to smoke, as tobacco)


tegel

From Dutch tegel, from Middle Dutch tigele, tegel, from Old Dutch tegela, from late Proto-Germanic *tigulǭ, from Latin tegula.

(rare) Synonym of ubin (“tile, floortile”)


salam

From Malay salam, from Classical Malay salam, from Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”). Doublet of salim and syalom.

(Islam) salaam alaikum (Muslim greeting)


salam

From Malay salam (“Malabar plum, Java plum”), from Classical Malay salam, from Tamil சாலம் (cālam, “tree”), from Sanskrit शाल (śāla). Doublet of sala and syala.
* Semantic loan from Javanese salam (ꦱꦭꦩ꧀, “Indian bay leaf”).

sl

Syzygium cumini
Syzygium cumini#Translingual

(rare) Malabar plum, Java plum (Syzygium cumini)


salam

From Arabic سَلَم (salam, “futures contract, time bargain, forward transaction”).


satai

satai-satai (plural)
sate (alternative colloquial)

From Malay satai, from Javanese sate. Doublet of sate.


homosex

homosexual (sexually attracted only to other members of the same sex)


mur

From Dutch moer, a shortening of moerschroef, from moer (“mother”) + schroef (“bolt”).


pasteur

pasteur-pasteur (plural)
pastur (alternative)

From the surname of its inventor, Louis Pasteur.

pasteurisation, pasteurization: heat-treatment of a perishable food to destroy heat-sensitive vegetative cells followed by immediate cooling to limit growth of the surviving cells and germination of spores


tenge

From Kazakh теңге (teñge), from Old Turkic teg (“as, as much as, equal”), teŋ (“equivalent, balanced”), teŋe- (“compare, measure”). Doublet of tanggah.

der

tenge (national unit of currency of Kazakhstan)


rupiah

From Pali rūpiya (“silver”), from Sanskrit रूप्य (rūpya, “silver, stamped coin”).


riyal

Borrowed from Arabic رِيَال (riyāl). Doublet of rial and royal.

riyal (The official currency of Oman, Qatar and Saudi Arabia)


lev

From Bulgarian лев (lev), a variant of лъв (lǎv, “lion”).

lev: the currency of Bulgaria, divided into 100 stotinki


koruna

From Czech koruna and Slovak koruna; cognate with krone and German Krone. Doublet of korona.

the currency of the former Czechoslovakia, divided into 100 hellers

the currency of the Czech Republic, divided into 100 hellers

the former currency of Slovakia, divided into 100 haliers


div

(law enforcement) Abbreviation of divisi (“division”).


teori

Borrowed from Dutch theorie (“theory”), from Middle French théorie, from Late Latin theōria, from Ancient Greek θεωρία (theōría, “contemplation, speculation, a looking at, things looked at”), from θεωρέω (theōréō, “I look at, view, consider, examine”), from θεωρός (theōrós, “spectator”), from θέαν (théan, “a view”) + ὁράω (horáō, “I see, look”).

a coherent set of statements attempting to explain observed phenomena

the underlying principles or methods of a given technical skill, art etc., as opposed to its practice

mental conception; reflection, consideration


hode

From a monster name in Ragnarok Online which have similar appearance to a penis. Popularized in online game Ayodance. Probably related to German Hode (“testicle”) and its ancestor Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”).

cog

(Internet slang) male-to-female cross-player:

a male player with women digital avatar, especially for fun

a male pretend to be a female, especially for scamming


kapar

floating piece of wood or trash that drifts along the current of a body of water

sedangkan bah kapar tak hanyut, ini pula kemarau panjang


buru

From Malay buru, from Proto-Malayic *buru, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀaw, from Proto-Austronesian *buʀaw (“drive off, chase away, expel”).


opor

meat dish fried in santan (coconut flesh soaked in water)


sagu

From Malay sagu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sagu (“processed sago; fluid oozing from a wound, infected sore, or corpse”).

any of the palms from which sago is extracted

a powdered starch obtained from certain palms, specifically Metroxylon sagu, used as a food thickener

a powdered starch obtained from a palm-like cycad, Cycas revoluta


siku

Inherited from Malay siku, from Proto-Austronesian *sikux.


siku

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 市區(しく) (shiku, “municipal district, urban subdistrict”). Romanised according modified Kunrei-shiki romanization.

ja-r

Gambir siku

(historical, 1942-1945) Synonym of kelurahan (“subdistrict”)


pak

(slightly informal, between two speakers) sir

slightly informal; between two speakers; slightly informal; between two speakers


pak

From Dutch pak, from Middle Dutch pac, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *pakkô. Doublet of paket.


pak

→ Min Nan: 贌 (pa̍k)

From Dutch pacht (“lease”), from Middle Dutch pacht, from Old Dutch *paht, from Proto-West Germanic [Term?], from Latin pactum. Doublet of pakta.


abi

From Arabic أَبِي (ʔabī, “father”), genitive construct state of أَب (ʔab, “father”), from Proto-Semitic *ʾab- (“father”). Doublet of aba, abu, and abbas.


UM

Universitas Negeri Malang
w:id:Universitas Negeri Malang

(education) Initialism of Universitas Negeri Malang.


UM

unaccompanied minor
unaccompanied minor#Indonesian

(aviation) Initialism of unaccompanied minor.


Bandar Seri Begawan

Bandar Seri Begawan
Bandar Seri Begawan#English

Bandar Seri Begawan (the capital city of Brunei)


pirus

Inherited from Malay firus (“turquoise”), from Persian فیروزه (firuze, “turquoise”), پیروزه (piruze), from Middle Persian *pērōzag, from 𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰 (pērōz, “victorious”).

inh+

a sky-blue, greenish-blue, or greenish-gray semi-precious gemstone

pirus:

a pale greenish-blue colour, like that of the gemstone


toa

A genericized trademark of the Japanese trademark TOA, from the first two characters (東亞(とうあ) (tōa, “East Asia”))) of its former name (東亞特殊電機(とうあとくしゅでんき) (tōatokushudenki)).

Toa di sekolah kami sangat nyaring.

The megaphone in our school is very loud.

(dialect, informal) sound system, including megaphone


suster

id-noun

sustêr (plural suster-suster or para suster)

sustêr (canonical)
suster-suster (plural)
para suster (plural)

From Dutch zuster (“sister, nun, nurse”), from Middle Dutch suster, from Old Dutch swester, from Proto-Germanic *swestēr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.


sembilan

From Malay sembilan, from Proto-Malayic *əsa(ʔ) ambil-an. Equivalent to se- + ambil + -an. Doublet of sambilan.


bakal

Inherited from Malay bakal, probably from Old Javanese bakal.

(biology) primordium: an aggregation of cells that is the first stage in the development of an organ


buka

Inherited from Malay buka, from Proto-Malayic *buka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buka (“to open, uncover”).
Cognates
Cognate with Minangkabau buko, Iban buka, Bikol Central buka,
Tagalog buka,
Cebuano buka.

inh

Besok tokonya akan buka.

open (actively conducting or prepared to conduct business)


buka

Terkadang aku membuka kulkasku untuk melihat isinya.

Sometimes I open my refrigerator to see what's inside.


buka

See above. Semantic loan from Arabic إِفْطَار (ʔifṭār, “to break”).

sl

(intransitive, Islam) to break the fast; to have iftar


kapal

From Malay kapal (“ship”), from Classical Malay kapal (“decked ship”), from Tamil கப்பல் (kappal, “ship, sailing vessel”). In the third sense, a mistranslation of English ship (“relationship”), from relation + -ship (etymologically unrelated to the noun ship).

der

ship (a water-borne vessel generally larger than a boat)

(chiefly in combination) ship (a vessel which travels through any medium other than across land)

(slang, fandom slang) ship (a fictional romantic relationship between two characters)


kapal

From Malay kapal (“thickening skin”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapal (“thick, as a plank”). Compare to Tagalog kapal (“thick”).


kaya

From Malay kaya (“rich”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaya, from Proto-Austronesian *kaya (“able, capable, strong, wealthy”). Cognate of Tagalog kaya, especially Tagalog may-kaya.


kaya

Alternative spelling of kayak (“like, similar”)


hina

From Malay hina, from Classical Malay هينا (hina), from Sanskrit हीन (hīna, “poor, low”).


tawa

From Malay tawa, from Proto-Malayic *tawa(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tawa, from Proto-Austronesian *Cawa.


tawa

tawa (root)
tertawa (nominative passive)
ketawa (nominative passive)
tawa (nominative)
tawalah (nominative)
menertawai (active)
ditertawai (passive)
menertawakan (active)
tertawakan (passive)
ditertawakan (passive)
tertawakan
tawakan
tertawakanlah
mempertawa (active causative nominative)
mempertawai (active causative)
dipertawai (causative passive)
mempertawakan (active causative)
dipertawakan (causative passive)

to laugh (show mirth by peculiar movement of the muscles of the face and emission of sounds)


rusa

From Malay rusa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀsa.


apel

apêl (canonical)
apel-apel (plural)
epal (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)
appel (alternative)

→ Ternate: apel

Borrowed from Dutch appel, from Middle Dutch appel, from Old Dutch *appel, from Proto-West Germanic *applu from Proto-Germanic *aplaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl (“apple, apple-tree”).

der

Malus domestica
Malus domestica#Translingual


apel

apèl (canonical)
apel-apel (plural)
apél (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch appel (“roll call, appeal”), previously spelled appèl, from Middle Dutch appeel, from Old French apel, deverbal of Old French apeler, from Latin appellāre, present active infinitive of Latin appellō. Cognate of Afrikaans appèl (“roll call; appeal”).

bor+

Panglima Komando Daerah didampingi Kepala Kepolisian Daerah memimpin apel gelar pasukan pengamanan dalam rangka mengamankan kunjungan kerja wakil presiden.

The Commander of the Regional Command and Regional Police Chief leads the security forces ceremony during the working visit of the vice president.

...dalam praktik “Raden van Justitie” dalam apel, tidak mengharuskan kepada hakim banding untuk meninjau....

In Raden van Justitie practice in appeal, appellate judge was not obligated to consider....

(law) appeal: an application for the removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior judge or court for re-examination or review


apel

to do a roll call in a ceremony formation

Malam Minggu Pukul Tujuh Aku Apel Di Rumah Mu

Saturday night at seven o'clock I come for a date to your house.

(colloquial) to visit girlfriend (usually in girlfriend house) for a date

...dan bisa apel di Pengadilan Tinggi.

(law) to appeal: to apply to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned.


PPP

Partai Persatuan Pembangunan
w:id:Partai Persatuan Pembangunan

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (“United Development Party”).


biri

(rare) Alternative form of biri-biri (“sheep”)


denda

Inherited from Malay denda, from Sanskrit दंड (daṃḍa, “punishment, penalty”). Doublet of tanda.

der

Bentuk dari hukum adat tersebut adalah sistem denda....

The form of customary law is the fine system.

fine, a fee levied as punishment for breaking the law


topi

Inherited from Malay topi, from Tamil தொப்பி (toppi), from Hindi टोपी (ṭopī).


femme fatale

Unadapted borrowing from French femme fatale (literally “deadly woman”).


taipan

From Cantonese 大班 (daai6 baan1, “big shot, rich businessman”).

zh-l

taipan, tycoon: A wealthy and powerful business person


planetarium

Learned borrowing from New Latin planētārium.

lbor

planetarium: A display museum in which images of stars and other astronomical phenomena are projected onto a domed ceiling


kantor polisi

id-noun

kantor polisi (plural kantor-kantor polisi)

Compound of kantor + polisi, calque of Dutch politiekantoor (“police station”) (compare Afrikaans polisiekantoor).


datang

tlb

(intransitive, does not take voice prefixes)

datang (root)
mendatang (active nominative)
terdatang (nominative passive)
didatang (nominative passive)
datang (nominative)
datanglah (nominative)
mendatangi (active)
terdatangi (passive)
didatangi (passive)
datangi
datangilah
mendatangkan (active)
terdatangkan (passive)
didatangkan (passive)
datangkan
datangkanlah
memperdatang (active causative nominative)
terperdatang (causative nominative passive)
diperdatang (causative nominative passive)
perdatang (causative nominative)
perdatanglah (causative nominative)
memperdatangi (active causative)
terperdatangi (causative passive)
diperdatangi (causative passive)
perdatangi (causative)
perdatangilah (causative)
memperdatangkan (active causative)
terperdatangkan (causative passive)
diperdatangkan (causative passive)
perdatangkan (causative)
perdatangkanlah (causative)
dateng (alternative informal)

From Malay datang, from Classical Malay داتڠ (datang, “come”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datəŋ.

Kami datang ke toko ini untuk membeli buku pembelajaran.

We came to this shop to buy learning books.

Dia nanti datang setelah sore.


buk

thud, bam; a sound of a large ripe fruit or heavy object falling to the ground


buk

(vocative, informal) Alternative form of ibu (“mother; madam”)


buk

From Dutch boek (“to book”) or English book (“to book”).


yel

From English yell, from Middle English ȝellen, yellen, from Old English ġiellan, from Proto-Germanic *gellaną.


Natasha

Natasha Wilona, b. 1998


warga

From Malay warga, from Classical Malay ورڬ (warga), from Sanskrit वर्ग (varga).


mati

head

mati (active mati, imperative mati, emphatic-jussive matilah)

mati (active)
mati (imperative)
mati (root)
mati (active nominative)
mati (nominative)
matilah (nominative)
mematikan (active)
termatikan (passive)
dimatikan (passive)
matikan
matikanlah

Inherited from Malay mati, from Proto-Malayic *mati, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(m-)atay from Proto-Austronesian *(m-)aCay.
Cognates
Cognate with Cebuano matay, Chamorro matai, Fijian mate, Hawaiian make, Ilocano matay, Javanese mati, Kapampangan mate, mete, Malagasy maty, Maori mate, Palauan mad, Rapa Nui mate, Tagalog matay, Tahitian mate.

(intransitive, active voice, imperative) to die

(intransitive, active voice, imperative) to be dead

(intransitive, active voice, imperative) to stop (of an engine/watch, etc.), to be out of order, to be broken, to be stopped working

(intransitive, active voice, imperative) to go out, to be extinguished (of a light/flame/fire/ lamp/radio, etc.)


mati

(of a machine, device, or electrical circuit) completely inactive; currently without power; without a signal; not live

device; or electrical circuit; device; or electrical circuit

(of a battery) uable to emit power, being discharged (flat) or faulty

(of a language) no longer used as a native or first language

dead
(of a wind) static (having no motion)

(of a place, figuratively) lacking usual activity; unexpectedly quiet or empty of people

inanimate (not being, and never having been alive, especially not like humans and animals)

(of a spring, well, etc.) does not contain water (anymore); does not have running water (anymore)

(of a lamp, fire, etc.) in a state of non-operation or non-existence

(of certain services, devices, or facilities) not available; out of service

devices; or facilities; devices; or facilities

(figuratively) stuck (unable to progress with a task)


pasti

Inherited from Malay pasti, from Javanese ꦥꦱ꧀ꦛꦶ (pasthi), from Old Javanese paṣṭi. Doublet of mesti.


guna

From Malay guna (“usage”), from Classical Malay guna, from Sanskrit गुण (guṇa, “use”).


Kyrie eleison

Learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin Kȳrie eleison, from Ancient Greek Κῡ́ριε ἐλέησον (Kū́rie eléēson).

der

Κῡ́ριε ἐλέησον

(Christianity) o Lord, have mercy! (upon us)


mara

Inherited from Malay مارا (mara), from Sanskrit मार (māra, “slaughter, destruction”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">mara</i>


mara

Borrowed from Javanese ꦩꦫ (mara, “to come, to approach”).


mara

From Sanskrit कोट (koṭa, “fort, shed, hut”) + मार (māra, “killing, destroying”).

compound

Synonym of kotamara (“a kind of naval defensive structure”)


mara

Borrowed from Coastal Konjo [Term?] or Highland Konjo [Term?].


mara

(botany) parasol leaf tree, blush macaranga, nasturtium tree, David's heart, heart leaf (Macaranga tanarius)


asal

Etymology tree
Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl)bor.
Malay asal
Indonesian asal
Inherited from Malay asal, borrowed from Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl). Doublet of asli

etymon

the source of a river, information, goods, etc.


asal

(uncommon) from the beginning; from the start


asal

careless (not giving sufficient attention or thought, especially concerning the avoidance of harm or mistakes)


mada

nonstandard spelling of madar (“mad, heartless”).


musti

alternative spelling of mesti (“must; sure”)


rupa

From Malay rupa, from Classical Malay rupa, from Sanskrit रूप (rūpá, “form, shape, figure”).


taman

From Malay taman, possibly from Classical Persian چمن (čaman, “lawn, meadow, orchard”).


pulang

pulang (root)
berpulang (active nominative)
terpulang (nominative passive)
dipulang (nominative passive)
pulang (nominative)
pulanglah (nominative)
memulangkan (active)
terpulangkan (passive)
dipulangkan (passive)
pulangkan
pulangkanlah
memperpulangkan (active causative)
terperpulangkan (causative passive)
diperpulangkan (causative passive)
perpulangkan (causative)
perpulangkanlah (causative)

Inherited from Malay pulang.
from Proto-Malayic *pulaŋ.

Aku akan pulang setelah bermain sepak bola.


dulu

A contraction of dahulu. From Proto-Austronesian *zulu (“earlier, in advance”).


kertas

kêrtas (canonical)
kertas-kertas (plural)

From Malay kertas, from Arabic قَرْطَاس (qarṭās), from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs). Doublet of kardus, kartel, karton, kartu, and katrij.


tata bahasa

Inherited from Malay tatabahasa, from tata (“order”) + bahasa (“language”), Calque from Japanese 語(ご)法(ほう) (gohō, “grammar”). Equivalent to tata + bahasa.

a system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language

a book describing the rules of grammar of a language


kata kerja

Compound of kata (“word”) + kerja (“work”), calque of Dutch werkwoord (“verb”, literally “work(ing) word”).

calque

(grammar) verb, a word that indicates an action, event, or state


contoh

Inherited from Malay contoh, from Tamil சௌத்து (cauttu, “pattern, sample, model”).

der

specimen: a part or snippet of something taken or presented for inspection, or shown as evidence of the quality of the whole

(statistics, rare) a subset of a population selected for measurement, observation or questioning, to provide statistical information about the population

a representation of a physical object, usually in miniature

a successful example to be copied, with or without modifications


banyak

From Malay banyak, from Classical Malay باڽق, from Old Malay vañak. First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription as "vañakña" (current form banyaknya).

Terima kasih banyak.


beberapa

From Malay beberapa, partial reduplication of berapa.

any, some, several, certain, few, various, divers


sedikit

From Malay sedikit,
from Classical Malay sedikit.

Baru sedikit yang dipahami tentang persepsinya.

Little has been learned about its perception.


bawah

From Malay bawah, from Proto-Malayic *babah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babaq.


luar

From Malay luar,
from Classical Malay luar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luqaR. Semantic loan from Chinese 外 (wài).


luar

kakek luar


udara

Borrowed from Sanskrit उदार (udāra, “lofty”).


kata penghubung

Compound of kata (“word”) + penghubung (“connector”), literally “connector word”.


atau

From earlier ataoe, from Malay atau (“or”), from Old Malay अथवा (athavā), from Pali atha vā (“or”), from Sanskrit अथो (atho) < अथवा (athavā, “or, rather”).


tetapi

From Malay tetapi, from Old Malay tathapi, from Sanskrit तथापि (tathāpi), तथा (tathā) + अपि (api).


tapi

Shortened form of tetapi, from Malay tetapi, from Sanskrit तथापि (tathāpi).


kalau

‘’Saya geli kalau teringat masa sekolah dulu. Saya pernah dihukum oleh Bu Kunti (guru) gara-gara membiarkan teman-teman mbolos sekolah,’’ kata mantan ketua kelas yang kini tinggal di Jl Aster Condongcatur, Yogyakarta itu.

2018 March 29, “‘’Dulu, Kalau Ada Anak Merokok Ditamplek Mulutnya...’’ [‘’In the Past, If A Child Smokes, His Mouth is Glued...’’]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2018-10-26:

"I am amused when I recall my time at school. I was once punished by Mrs. Kunti (teacher) for letting my friends ditch school," said the former class leader who now lives in Jl Aster Condongcatur, Yogyakarta.


karena

karêna (canonical)
karna (alternative nonstandard)
krn (alternative abbreviation)

Inherited from Malay kerana, karena, from Classical Malay kerana, karena, karana, from Sanskrit कारण (kāraṇa, “cause; reason”), from vṛddhi derivative of करण (káraṇa). Doublet of kerani.


walaupun

Inherited from Malay walaupun. Equivalent to walau + pun.


walau

From Malay walau, from Arabic وَلَوْ (walaw, “albeit”).


meskipun

Inherited from Malay meskipun. Equivalent to meski + pun.

though, even though, in spite of or despite the fact that: introducing a clause that expresses a concession


juga

From Malay juga. Cognates with Central Malay juge, Musi jugo.


bahkan

Inherited from Malay bahkan, from Classical Malay بهکن (bahkan).


sehingga

so that; in order to
indicates purpose; with the result that

indicates purpose; in such a way that, with the intent that


supaya

From Malay supaya, from Old Javanese supaya, sopaya, probably from sa- + upāya (“aim, means, way, stratagem, craft”), compare to mopāya (“to use”), thus reconstructed as se- + upaya.


hanya

Saya hanya bisa berbicara sedikit bahasa Indonesia.


saja

aja (alternative colloquial)
sahaja (alternative archaic obsolete)
sadja (alternative)
sahadja (alternative)

From Malay sahaja, saja, from Classical Malay سهاج (sahaja), ساج (saja), from Sanskrit सहज (sahaja, “natural, innate, original”).

der

merely, only, just, without any other reason etc. and nothing more

always
at all times; throughout all time

constantly during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals (opposed to sometimes or occasionally)

very, extremely: used to firmly establish that nothing else surpasses in some respect as emphasis


saja

(1901–1947, 1947–1972) Superseded spelling of saya.


lagipula

(proscribed) Alternative form of lagi pula


kantor

From Malay kantor, from Dutch kantoor. Doublet of komputer and konter.
* Translation of Japanese 局(きょく) (kyoku, “bureau, department”) as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah. See kyoku.
* Translation of Japanese 省(しょう) (shō, “bureau, department”) as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah. See -zyoo.

office, a room, set of rooms, or building used for non-manual work


polisi

polisi-polisi (plural)
poelisi (alternative)
polis (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch politie (“police”), from Middle Dutch policie, from Middle French policie, from Latin politia (“state, government”), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía). Cognate of Afrikaans polisie.


berjalan

bêrjalan (canonical)
jalan (root)
berjalan (active nominative)
jalan (nominative)
jalanlah (nominative)
berjalanlah (nominative)
menjalani (active)
terjalani (passive)
dijalani (passive)
jalani
jalanilah
menjalankan (active)
terjalankan (passive)
dijalankan (passive)
jalankan
jalankanlah
memperjalan (active causative nominative)
teperjalan (causative nominative passive)
diperjalan (causative nominative passive)
perjalan (causative nominative)
perjalanlah (causative nominative)
memperjalani (active causative)
teperjalani (causative passive)
diperjalani (causative passive)
perjalani (causative)
perjalanilah (causative)
memperjalankan (active causative)
teperjalankan (causative passive)
diperjalanlan (causative passive)
perjalankan (causative)
perjalankanlah (causative)

to move on the feet by alternately setting each foot (or pair or group of feet, in the case of animals with four or more feet) forward, with at least one foot on the ground at all times

(intransitive) to walk
to travel (a distance) by walking

(intransitive) to take place (to happen or to occur)


berjalan

in effect (operate or functioning; in force; in play)

running (of a company, organization, association, etc.)


perjalanan

a set amount of travelling, seen as a single unit; a discrete trip, a voyage;

(figurative) any process or progression likened to a journey, especially one that involves difficulties or personal development

(rare) walking (the act of something that walks)

(uncountable, figurative, rare) behavior (human conduct relative to social norms)


jalan-jalan

Reduplication of jalan. From jalan + jalan.


jalan-jalan

(colloquial) Alternative form of berjalan-jalan


berjalan-jalan

From ber- + jalan + jalan with reduplication at the base word.

Nanti sore kita berdua akan berjalan-jalan di taman.

This afternoon the two of us will go for a walk in the park.


masak

From Malay masak, from Proto-Malayic *masak.


metan

Abbreviation of media tanam (“growth medium”).


adik

From Malay adik, from Classical Malay اديق (adik), from Old Malay hadik, from Proto-Malayic *adi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *adi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wadi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huaji-q, from *huaji, from Proto-Austronesian *Suaji.

sibling ((younger) person who shares same parents)


ibu

mother, something that is the greatest or most significant of its kind

madam: A polite form of address for a woman or lady.


makanan

id-noun

makanan (countable and uncountable, plural makanan-makanan)

Inherited from Malay makanan. Equivalent to makan (“to eat”) + -an.


seorang

Di Kerajaan Majapahit, ada seorang prajurit muda dari Madura bernama Joko Tole.

1900, CB Alberta, Sr., Legenda Joko Tole [The Legend of Joko Tole]:

In the kingdom Majapahit, there was a young soldier from Madura, whose name was Joko Tole.


sekolah

sêkolah (canonical)
sekolah-sekolah (plural)

→ Ternate: skola, sikola

Inherited from Malay sekolah, from Portuguese escola.

(education) an institution dedicated to teaching and learning; an educational institution.

the time during which classes are attended or in session in an educational institution; school time

an establishment offering specialized instruction, as for driving, cooking, typing, coding, etc.

(Standard Malay)

(rare) within a larger educational institution, an organizational unit, such as a department or institute, which is dedicated to a specific subject area


sekolah

(figurative) to pawn surat keterangan in a bank for a loan


kabar

kabar-kabar (plural)
chabar (alternative)
khabar (alternative)

Inherited from Malay khabar (“news”), from Classical Malay khabar (“report”), from Arabic خَبَر (ḵabar, “news”). Doublet of kaba.

Apa kabar?

Kabar baik


kosa kata

Tidak seorang pun pemakai bahasa yang mengetahui semua kosa kata yang ada dalam bahasanya.

1978, Sri Soekesi Adiwimarta, Tata istila bahasa Indonesia, page 7:

No language user knows all words that exist in their language.


mangga

From Malay mangga, from colloquial Tamil மாங்க (māṅka), from Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy, “unripe mango fruit”), or perhaps from another Dravidian language.


pepaya

pêpaya (canonical)
pepaya-pepaya (plural)

From Dutch papaja, originally from Lokono papáia.


pensil

pènsil (canonical)
pensil-pensil (plural)
pinsil (alternative)

Borrowed from English pencil or Dutch penseel, from Anglo-Norman and Old French pincil (see the variant pincel, which gave rise to Modern French pinceau (“paintbrush”)), from Latin pēnicillum, diminutive of pēniculus (“brush”), itself a diminutive of pēnis (“tail; penis”).


bolpen

bolpèn (canonical)
bolpen-bolpen (plural)
bolpoin (alternative)
pulpen (alternative)


gelas

From Malay gelas, from Dutch glas (“glass”), from Middle Dutch glas, from Old Dutch glas.


televisi

télévisi (canonical)
televisi-televisi (plural)
TV (alternative)
televisyen (alternative)

→ Cia-Cia: televisi

→ Iban: televisi

→ Javanese: ꦠꦺꦭꦺꦮ꦳ꦶꦱꦶ (télévisi)

→ Malay: televisi

From Dutch televisie. Cognate to Afrikaans televisie.

an electronic communication medium that allows the transmission of real-time visual images, and often sound

an electronic home entertainment device equipped with a screen and a speaker for receiving television signals and displaying them in audio-visual form


anggur

From Betawi anggur, from Javanese ꦲꦁꦒꦸꦂ (anggur, “free, at leisure”), from Old Javanese aṅgur (“idle, doing nothing, cease”).

infinitive, imperative and colloquial of menganggur (“to be unemployed”)


anggur

anggur-anggur (plural)
anggoer (alternative)

From Malay anggur, from Classical Malay اڠڬور (anggur), from Classical Persian انگور (angūr).

wine, an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting the juice of grapes

cutting: a leaf, stem, branch, or root removed from a plant and cultivated to grow a new plant


jeruk

→ Dutch: djeroek

Inherited from Malay jeruk, from Javanese jeruk (ꦗꦼꦫꦸꦏ꧀) or Sundanese ᮏᮨᮛᮥᮊ᮪ (jeruk), from Old Javanese jruk (“citrus fruits of various kinds”). Compare to Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruuc/*kruəc (“citrus”). However, also note East Makian yorik (“citrus fruit”).


jingga

jingga:

orange: the colour of a ripe fruit of an orange tree, midway between red and yellow


jingga

Pohon itu mempunyai dedaun yang berwarna jingga.


merah

From Malay merah, from mirah, from Proto-Malayic *(ma-)irah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)iʀaq.

Saya ingin membeli sebuah mobil merah.

I want to buy a red car.


merah

Merah adalah warna kesukaanku.

Red is my favourite colour.


warna

From Malay warna, from Sanskrit वर्ण (varṇa). Compare Pali vaṇṇa, Hindi बान (bān), English varna.


temen

(colloquial, chiefly Java) Alternative form of teman


bogi

Borrowed from English bogie. Doublet of bogie.

(transport) gig, chair, chaise: a two-wheeled horse-drawn carriage


kuli

From Malay kuli, from Hindi क़ुली (qulī), from Chagatai [Term?], ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kul (“slave, servant”).
Other forms occur in Bengali কুলি (kuli) and Tamil கூலி (kūli, “daily hire”), which are possibly also influenced by Hindi कोली (kolī, “weaver; low-class”). The Chinese word 苦力 (kǔlì), meaning "to exert one's abilities; heavy labour work" in Classical Chinese, may have been influenced by cognates of the above Hindi word in other languages and may have further influenced English.

Ia menambahkan pernah juga bekerja sebagai kuli bangunan, buruh pabrik di Solo, pernah juga bekerja di warung makan.

2019 February 20, “Pernah Jadi Kuli Bangunan, Wisanggeni Kini Tekuni Melukis [Once a Construction Laborer, Wisangenni Now Draws Diligently]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2019-09-06:

He adds that he had once worked as a construction laborer, a factory worker at Solo, and had also worked at a food stall.


kutu

Inherited from Malay kutu, from Proto-Malayic *kutu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu, from Proto-Austronesian *kuCu.


kutu

From Malay kutu, from Tamil கூட்டு (kūṭṭu, “companionship, fellowship, friendship”).


ajak

mengajak (active)
diajak (passive)
ajak (root)
mengajak (active nominative)
diajak (nominative passive)
ajak (nominative)
ajaklah (nominative)

Inherited from Malay ajak, from Proto-Malayic *ajak, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *azak.

to invite (ask for the presence or participation of someone)


ajak

→ English: ajak


ajak

(dialectal) Synonym of mirip (“similar”)


ajak

(dialectal) Synonym of kalah (“defeated”)


alu

From Malay alu, from Classical Malay ألو (alu), from Old Malay [script needed] (halu), from Proto-Malayic *halu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qahəlu, from Proto-Austronesian *qaSəlu (“pestle”).

pestle (instrument used with a mortar to grind things)


katai

kate (alternative)
katek (alternative)
katik (alternative)

From Malay katai, from Tamil கட்டை (kaṭṭai, “shortness of stature”), from Ardhamagadhi Prakrit कट्ठ (kaṭṭha), from Sanskrit काष्ठ (kāṣṭha, “wood, timber”).


hati

Inherited from Malay hati, from Proto-Malayic *hati, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay.

(colloquial, especially in a phrase) heart

heart (seat of affections or sensibilities)


kulit

Inherited from Malay kulit, from Proto-Malayic *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulit, from Proto-Austronesian *kuliC.

skin (outer covering of the body of a person)

leather (material produced by tanning animal skin)

(publishing) case (the hard cover that surrounds and protects the text)


nasi

→ Dutch: nasi

Inherited from Malay nasi, from Proto-Malayic *nasi(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asi.

(figuratively, uncommon) livelihood, luck, fortune


nyamuk

Inherited from Malay nyamuk, from Proto-Malayic *ñamuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ñamuk.

mosquito (small flying insect of the family Culicidae, known for biting and sucking blood)


bini

Inherited from Malay bini, from Proto-Malayic *bini, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *binahi (“woman, wife”).


tangan

From Malay tangan, from Proto-Malayic *taŋan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋan. Compare Banjarese tangan, Iban tangan, Malay tangan, Minangkabau tangan.

the part of the forelimb below the forearm or wrist in a human, and the corresponding part in many other animals

(figurative) that which resembles, has the appearance, or to some extent performs the office of, a human hand


spina

Borrowed from Latin spīna (literally “thorn”), from Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”).

der

(anatomy, technical) backbone, spinal column, spine, vertebral column


cumi

cumi-cumi (plural)
as cumi-cumi (reduplication usually)


kereta

kêrèta (canonical)
kereta-kereta (plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱers-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós
Proto-Celtic *karros
Gaulish *karrosbor.
Latin carrus
Old Catalan carro
Old Catalan -eta
Old Catalan carretabor.?
Old Galician-Portuguese carreta
Portuguese carretabor.
Malay kereta
Indonesian kereta
From Malay kereta, from Classical Malay كريتا (karĕta), from Portuguese carreta. Compare Tagalog kareta.


masuk

From Malay masuk, from Classical Malay masuk, from Proto-Malayic *masuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suk, from
From Proto-Austronesian *suk. Doublet of pasok.

lepas dari mulut harimau, masuk kedalam mulut buaya

(intransitive) to go or come into an enclosed or partially enclosed space

(transitive, figuratively) to go or come into a state

(transitive, figuratively) to go or come into a profession

to enter
to go or come into a profession

(transitive) to type (something) into a computer; to input

masuk gereja

masuk agama Islam

masuk Belanda

(transitive, figuratively) to become a member of; to join

Dia masuk dalam nominasi pegawai terbaik bulan ini.

He is included in the nomination of best employee of the month.

(computing) to take some action to access a secured program or web page on a computer; to sign in; to log in


gali

menggali (active)
digali (passive)
gali (root)
menggali (active nominative)
tergali (nominative passive)
digali (nominative passive)
gali (nominative)
galilahlah (nominative)
menggalikan (active)
tergalikan (passive)
digalikan (passive)
galikan
galikanlah

From Malay gali, from kali, from Proto-Malayic *kali, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kali, from Proto-Austronesian *kalih.

to dig (to move hard-packed earth out of the way)


gali

From Dutch galei, from Middle Dutch galeye, from Old French galee, from Latin galea, from Byzantine Greek γάλεα (gálea) of unknown origin, probably from Ancient Greek γαλέη (galéē), a kind of a small fish, from γαλεός (galeós, “dog-fish or small shark”). Cognate of Malay gali, ghali (“galley”).

(nautical) galley: A long, slender ship propelled primarily by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; usually referring to rowed warships used in the Mediterranean from the 16th century until the modern era


gali

Blend of gabungan (“group”) + anak (“child”) + liar (“wild”).


hulu

From Malay hulu, from Proto-Malayic *hulu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulu, from Proto-Austronesian *qulu. Doublet of ulu.

huluku sakit.

(anatomy, obsolete) head (part of the body)


bulu

id-noun

bulu (countable and uncountable, plural bulu-bulu)

Inherited from Malay bulu, from Proto-Malayic *bulu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulu.


bulu

a kind of small plate, made of turtle shell on gold scales


hadap

Inherited from Malay hadap, from Proto-Malayic *hadəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. Doublet of depan.

(intransitive) to face (to position oneself towards)

hadap kiri, gerak!


henti

From Malay henti, from Proto-Malayic *hənti, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qəti, from Proto-Austronesian *qəCi.
* The sense of arrest in medicine is a semantic loan from Dutch stilstand.


hujan

Inherited from Malay hujan, from Proto-Malayic *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quzan, from Proto-Austronesian *quzaN.

hoedjan (alternative)
hudjan (alternative)


hujan

to rain (to have rain fall from the sky)


urat

From Malay urat, from Proto-Malayic *urat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *huʀaC. Doublet of otot. The sense in medicine was coined by Komisi Istilah to translate English tendon.

string or chord-like body structures (muscle, tendon, vein or nerve)

(anatomy) tendon: a tough band of flexible but inelastic fibrous collagen tissue that connects a muscle with its bony attachment and transmits the force which the muscle exerts

(geology) vein: a sheetlike body of crystallized minerals within a rock


urat

Borrowed from Dutch uraat (“urate”), from English urate.

(organic chemistry) urate: any salt of uric acid


manuk

Inherited from Malay manuk, from Proto-Malayic *manuk (“chicken”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *manuk, from Proto-Austronesian *manuk.

(by extension) Synonym of burung (“bird”)


esok

From Malay esok, from Javanese ꦲꦺꦱꦸꦏ꧀ (ésuk), from Old Javanese isuk.


mentah

From Malay mentah, from Proto-Malayic *məntah (compare Malay mentah), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mataq (compare Chamorro mata', Gilbertese mata, Hawaiian maka, Malagasy manta, Maori mata).


nyiur

From Malay nyiur, from Proto-Malayic *ñiur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *niuʀ. Cognate with Tagalog niyog.


panah

From Malay panah, from Classical Malay panah, from Proto-Malayic *panah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *panaq, from Proto-Austronesian *panaq. Compare with Tagalog pana (“bow”).

a projectile consisting of a shaft, a point and a tail with stabilizing fins that is shot from a bow

a sign or symbol used to indicate a direction (e.g. →)


salah

Etymology tree
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq
Proto-Malayic *salah
Malay salah
Indonesian salah
From Malay salah, from Proto-Malayic *salah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq.

etymon

untrue, not factual, factually incorrect

false:
based on factually incorrect premises

not well founded; not firm or trustworthy; erroneous


pandan

From Malay pandan, from Proto-Malayic *pandan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋdan, from Proto-Austronesian *paŋudaN.

screw pine, any plant of the genus Pandanus


pitu

From Malay pitu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pitu, from Proto-Austronesian *pitu.


ruang

Inherited from Malay ruang, from Proto-Malayic *ɣuhaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *Ruqaŋ (“hole, pit”).


rumbia

From Malay rumbia, from Proto-Malayic *rumbia, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumbia.


tahun

tahun-tahun (plural)
tahoen (alternative)

→ As: tahun

From Malay tahun, from Proto-Malayic *tahun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqun (compare Maori tau).

a solar year, the time it takes the Earth to complete one revolution of the Sun (between 365.24 and 365.26 days depending on the point of reference)

the time it takes for any astronomical object (such as a planet, dwarf planet, small Solar System body, or comet) in direct orbit around a star (such as the Sun) to make one revolution around the star

a period between set dates that mark a year, from January 1 to December 31 by the Gregorian calendar, from Tishiri 1 to Elul 29 by the Jewish calendar, and from Muharram 1 to Dhu al-Hijjah 29 or 30 by the Islamic calendar

a scheduled part of a calendar year spent in a specific activity

(higher education) a level or grade in school or college

year:
a level or grade in school or college


kalo

"Meski jauh datang dari Boja, gak masalah yang penting bisa belikan baju baru untuk anak saya buat Lebaran nanti. Soalnya, kalo sudah mepet hari Lebaran biasanya gak sempet lagi," ujarnya.

2018 June 6, Yulianto, “Bazar Ramadan di Balaikota Semarang Disambut Antusias Warga [Ramadan Bazaar at Semarang City Hall Welcomed by Enthusiastic Citizens]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2018-10-27:

"Even though it is far to come from Boja, it is not a problem, what's important is being able to buy new clothing for my son for Lebaran (Eid al-Fitr) later. The problem is, if/when it is already approaching the day for Lebaran, there is usually no chance anymore," she says.

(informal, colloquial) Alternative form of kalau (“if; when”)


kalo

type of bamboo sieve used to filter coconut milk


tasik

Inherited from Malay tasik, Proto-Malayic *tasik, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tasik (“sea; saltwater”).


telaga

têlaga (canonical)
telaga-telaga (plural)

From Malay telaga (attested in Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD as talāga), from Old Javanese talaga (“tank, pool, pond”). Cognate of Javanese ꦠ꧀ꦭꦒ (tlaga), Kapampangan talaga, Sundanese talaga (“lake”), and Ternate talaga (“lake”).


tambang

From Malay tambang (“mine”), from Minangkabau tambang (“mine”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tambeŋ (“covered, veiled”). Compare Maori tapa.

inh

mine: an excavation from which ore or solid minerals are taken, especially one consisting of underground tunnels


tambang

From Betawi tambang (“rope”) or Javanese ꦠꦩ꧀ꦧꦁ (tambang, “thick rope, cable, hawser”), from Old Javanese tambaṅ (“rope, rein, bow-string”).

der

tether: a rope, cable etc. that holds something in place whilst allowing some movement


tambang

From Malay tambang (“fare, freight”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian [Term?]. Compare Maori tapa, Old Javanese tambaṅ (“to ferry, ferry fare”).

cog

(rare, dialectal) ferry: a ship used to transport people, smaller vehicles and goods from one port to another, usually on a regular schedule

(rare, dialectal) load: a certain number of articles or quantity of material that can be transported


tanam

From Malay tanam, from Old Malay tānaṃ, which attested first in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD, from Proto-Malayic *tanəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tanəm (compare Cebuano tanum (“plant”), Chamorro tanom, Samoan tanu), from Proto-Austronesian *CaNəm (“grave, to bury”) (compare Amis tadem).

inh

imperative of menanam (“to plant, to bury”)


benua

From Malay benua, from Old Malay vanua, from Proto-Malayic *bənua, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banua, from Proto-Austronesian *banua. Doublet of banua and wanua.


tangis

From Malay tangis, from Proto-Malayic *taŋis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋis, from Proto-Austronesian *Caŋis.


sinar

From Malay sinar, from Proto-Malayic *sinar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sinaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *siNaʀ.


waru

Borrowed from Javanese ꦮꦫꦸ (waru), from Old Javanese waru, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀu. Doublet of baru.

Talipariti tiliaceum
Talipariti tiliaceum#Translingual

Hibiscus tiliaceus
Hibiscus tiliaceus#Translingual

sea hibiscus, cottonwood hibiscus (Talipariti tiliaceum, syn. Hibiscus tiliaceus)

(in extension, card games) spade: a playing card marked with the symbol ♠


tengah

têngah (canonical)
tengah-tengah (plural)

From Malay tengah (“center”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təŋaq.


tengah

progressive aspect
progressive aspect#English

(auxiliary) progressive aspect without necessarily a final perspective.


tiram

From Malay tiram, from Proto-Malayic *tirəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tiʀəm.


tuhan

From Malay tuhan, from Proto-Malayic *tuhan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatuan. Doublet of tuan and Tuhan.


tunu

From Malay tunu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tunu, from Proto-Austronesian *CuNuh.

menunukan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

ditunukan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


udang

From Malay udang, from Classical Malay udang, from Proto-Malayic *hudaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hudaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hudaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qudaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *qudaŋ.

a common name for small aquatic crustaceans with an exoskeleton and ten legs, of the genus Stenasellus, the infraorder Caridea or the suborder Dendrobranchiata; shrimp; prawn


beri

bêri (canonical)
memberi (active)
diberi (passive)

Inherited from Malay beri, from Proto-Malayic *bəri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀay, from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀay.


beri

Borrowed from English berry, from Middle English berye, from Old English berġe, from Proto-West Germanic *baʀi, from Proto-Germanic *bazją.

berry (a small succulent fruit, of any one of many varieties)

(botany) berry (a soft fruit which develops from a single ovary and contains seeds not encased in pits)


budi

From Malay budi, from Sanskrit बुद्धि (buddhi, “intelligence, mind, reason”).

der

sense: meaning, reason, conscious awareness


cair

liquid: flowing freely like water; fluid; not solid and not gaseous; composed of particles that move freely among each other on the slightest pressure

thin: of low viscosity or low specific gravity

(figurative) fluid: convertible into cash

(figurative) leaked: of a document, etc, produced by a company or organization, intended to be confidential but having been released to the public or the press


cuka

From Malay cuka (“vinegar, sour”), possibly:
* Prakrit *𑀘𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (*cukka), from Sanskrit चुक्र (cukra, “sourness; fruit vinegar”). Compare Bengali চুকা (cuka, “sour, acid”). Compare Bengali চুকা (cuka, “sour, acid”), Tagalog suka, Cebuano suka.
* Persian سرکا (serkâ, “vinegar”)


erat

Inherited from Malay erat, from Proto-Malayic *ərət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *həʀət, from Proto-Austronesian *SəʀəC (“to bind tightly; belt”).


gempa

From Malay gempa,
from Classical Malay ݢمڤا (gĕmpa), from Sanskrit कम्प (kampa, “quake”). Doublet of kempa.

an earthquake, a trembling of the ground with force


inti

(chemistry, nuclear physics) short for inti atom (“atomic nucleus”).

core
short for inti atom (“atomic nucleus”).


kadar

kadar-kadar (plural)
kedar (alternative nonstandard)

Inherited from Malay kadar, from Arabic قَدْر (qadr), قَدَر (qadar).


kadar

measure, a prescribed quantity or extent:

a limit that cannot be exceeded; a bound

content: the amount of material contained

(Standard Malay)


kaum

From Malay kaum, from Classical Malay kaum, from Arabic قَوْم (qawm).


kerja

kêrja (canonical)
kerja-kerja (plural)
kerdja (alternative)

From Malay kerja, from Sanskrit कार्य (kārya). Doublet of karya.

(physics) a measure of energy expended in moving an object; most commonly, force times distance

(physics, more generally) a measure of energy that is usefully extracted from a process

action: a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings)


kerja

kêrja (canonical)
kerja (root)
bekerja (active nominative)
kerja (nominative)
kerjalah (nominative)
mengerjai (active)
tekerjai (passive)
dikerjai (passive)
kerjai
kerjailah
mengerjakan (active)
tekerjakan (passive)
dikerjakan (passive)
kerjakan
kerjakanlah
mempekerjakan (active causative nominative)
teperkerjakan (causative nominative passive)
dipekerjakan (causative nominative passive)
pekerjakan (causative nominative)
pekerjakanlah (causative nominative)
kerdja (alternative)

→ As: kerja


kacang

non-meaningful word, sometimes used to indicate indifference


kunci

kunci (root)
mengunci (active nominative)
terkunci (nominative passive)
dikunci (nominative passive)
kunci (nominative)
kuncilah (nominative)
menguncikan (active)
terkuncikan (passive)
dikuncikan (passive)
kuncikan
kuncikanlah
konci (alternative)
koentji (alternative)
kuntji (alternative)

From Malay kunci (“key”), from Hindi कुंजी (kuñjī, “key”), from Sanskrit कुञ्चिका (kuñcikā).
* Semantic loan from Dutch sleutel for wrench, spanner and clef senses.
* Semantic loan from Dutch akkoord for chord sense.
* Semantic loan from English key for music (other than clef sense), education, computing, cryptography and internet sense.

(literally) lock, something used for fastening, which can only be opened with a key or combination

(now literally) an object designed to open and close a lock

(figurative) a crucial step or requirement

(music, figurative) in musical theory, the total melodic and harmonic relations, which exist between the tones of an ideal scale, major or minor; tonality

(Standard Malay)

(music, figurative) in musical theory and notation, the tonality centering in a given tone, or the several tones taken collectively, of a given scale, major or minor

(computing) a value that uniquely identifies an entry in a container

(cryptography) a piece of information (e.g. a passphrase) used to encode or decode a message or messages

(Internet) a password restricting access to an IRC channel

(education, figurative) answer key, an assorted list of solutions to problems or exercises in a test, textbook, etc.

(music, figurative) clef, a symbol found on a musical staff that indicates the pitches represented by the lines and the spaces on the staff

(music, colloquial, figurative) chord, a harmonic set of three or more notes that is heard as if sounding simultaneously

spanner, wrench: a hand tool for adjusting nuts and bolts


kunci

konci (alternative)
koentji (alternative)
kuntji (alternative)

(colloquial) Informal form of mengunci (“to lock”).


kasi

Blend of kepala (“head”) + seksi (“section”).


kasi

Alternative spelling of khasi (“eunuch”)


kasih

Inherited from Malay kasih, from Proto-Malayic *kasih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-qasiq (“mercy; pity; affection”), *qasiq (“pity, compassion, affection, love, sympathy, forgiveness”).
The sense of "to give" may be semantic extension from the action of loving into repaying or providing reciprocal affection.

inh

love, often referring to unconditional and compassionate love

a deep caring for the existence of another

a profound and caring affection towards someone


kasih

head

kasih (active mengasih, passive dikasih)


kaus

Borrowed from Dutch kous (“stocking”), from Middle Dutch couse, from Picard Old French cauce, from Vulgar Latin calcea, from Latin calceus.


kaus

From Malay kaus,
from Classical Malay kaus, from Classical Persian کوش (kawš, “shoe, slipper”), an alternative form of کفش (kafš).


kaus

From Malay kaus,
from Classical Malay kaus, from Arabic قَوْس (qaws, “bow”).


kecap

kécap (canonical)
kecap-kecap (plural)
ketjap (alternative)

Borrowed from Peranakan Indonesian ketjap, from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap, “fish sauce”). Cognate with Piawai Malay kicap.

bor+

soy sauce (a condiment and ingredient made from fermented soybeans)


kecap

kêcap (canonical)
kecap-kecap (plural)
ketjap (alternative)


kejam

(colloquial) brutal
violent, vicious, ruthless, cruel


kejam

to close (eyes) (used in the form mengejamkan)


keju

From Malay keju, from Portuguese queijo, from Old Galician-Portuguese queijo, from Latin cāseus, see there for more.


kepala

From Malay kepala, from Classical Malay: کڤالا (kepala), from Pali kapāla, from Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “skull”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kapā́las, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kapā́las, from Proto-Indo-European *káp-ōl (“head, bowl”). Doublet of kopra.
* Sense of leader and chief is a semantic loan from Dutch hoofd via Malay.
* The computing sense is a semantic loan from English head.

der

(anatomy) head: the part of the body of an animal or human which contains the brain, mouth and main sense organs

Kepala suku

Kepala sekolah

(computing) head: part of a disk drive responsible for reading and writing data


kilat

Inherited from Malay kilat (“lightning”), from Proto-Malayic *kilat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kilat, from Proto-Austronesian *likaC.


kodok

From Javanese ꦏꦺꦴꦢꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (kodok), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kuːðɔʔ.


kursi

kursi-kursi (plural)
korsi (alternative nonstandard)
kerusi (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

Inherited from Malay kursi (Standard Malay kerusi (“chair”)), from Arabic كُرْسِيّ (kursiyy). Compare to Baba Malay krosi, Javanese ꦏꦸꦂꦱꦶ (kursi).

an item of furniture used to sit on or in, comprising a seat, legs, back, and sometimes arm rests, for use by one person

(figurative) the seat or office of a person in authority


merica

mêrica (canonical)
merica-merica (plural)

Inherited from Malay merica (“white pepper”), from Pali marica, from Sanskrit मरीच (marīca). Doublet of rica. Cognate of Hindi मिर्च (mirc, “pepper”).

the dried, unripe berries (peppercorns) of the plant which are commonly used as a spice and seasoning. They are either used whole, or in a ground or crushed form


laba

From Malay laba,
from Classical Malay laba, from Sanskrit लाभ (lābha, “profit”).

laba sebelum pembentukan perseroan terbatas


kutub

Inherited from Malay kutub, from Arabic قطب.

Kutub Utara, Kutub Selatan

kutub positif, kutub negatif


utara

From Malay utara, from Sanskrit उत्तर (uttara).


utara

north (meteorology: of wind, from the north)


burung

burung-burung (plural)
boeroeng (alternative)

→ Asilulu: burung

From Malay burung, from Classical Malay بوروڠ (burung), from Proto-Malayic *buruŋ.


langit

Inherited from Malay langit, from Proto-Malayic *laŋit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋit, from Proto-Austronesian *laŋiC. Compare Malagasy lanitra, Maori rangi.

sky (the atmosphere above a given point)


lapang

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">lapang</i>


terbang

From Malay terbang, from Proto-Malayic *-baŋ, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-baŋ.


terbang

têrbang (canonical)
terbang-terbang (plural)

a Malay tambourine that is used in Islamic devotional music in Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and Singapore


layar

From Malay layar, from Proto-Malayic *layar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *layaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *layaʀ (“sail”).

(nautical) sail (a piece of fabric attached to a boat)

screen: the viewing surface or area of a movie, or moving picture or slide presentation


layar

Indo-Pacific sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus)

keeltail needlefish (Platybelone argalus)


lidah

Inherited from Malay lidah, from Proto-Malayic *dilah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilaq (“tongue”), from Proto-Austronesian *dilaq (“to lick”).

tongue (the flexible muscular organ in the mouth that is used to move food around)

(zoology) speckled tonguesole (Cynoglossus puncticeps)


lisan

From Malay lisan, from Classical Malay lisan, from Arabic لِسَان (lisān, “tongue”).


lisan

verbal communication
verbal communication


lor

From Javanese lor (ꦭꦺꦴꦂ), from Old Javanese lor, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud. Doublet of laut.


bahaya

bahaya-bahaya (plural)
baya (alternative)

From Malay bahaya (“danger”), ultimately from Sanskrit भय (bhaya, “danger”).


putih

From Malay putih, from Classical Malay putih (“white”), from Proto-Malayic *putih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)putiq.


utas

Classifier for small and long objects like rope or string.


utas

senior high school
senior high school#English

(Jakarta, back slang, school slang) first year (of a senior high school)

back slang; school slang; back slang; school slang


umum

From Malay umum, from Classical Malay عموم (umum), from Arabic عُمُوم (ʕumūm, “the public”).

usual; common: occurring or happening regularly or frequently

prevalent or widespread among a given class or area; common, usual

not limited in use or application; applicable to the whole or every member of a class or category

not limited to a specific class; miscellaneous, concerned with all branches of a given subject or area

pertaining to the people as a whole (as opposed to a private group)

public;
open to all members of a community;


umur

From Malay umur, from Classical Malay umur, from Arabic عُمْر (ʕumr).


warta

Inherited from Malay warta, from Classical Malay ورتا (warta), from Javanese warta (ꦮꦂꦠ), from Old Javanese warta, wṛtta, from Sanskrit वार्त्ता (vārttā). Doublet of warita and berita.


yatim

From Malay yatim, from Arabic يَتِيم (yatīm).


zat

From Malay zat, dat, from Classical Malay zat, dat, dzat, dhat, from Arabic ذَات (ḏāt, “being, essence, substance, nature”).


mandi

mandi (root)
mandi (active nominative)
dimandi (nominative passive)
mandi (nominative)
mandilah (nominative)
memandikan (active)
dimandikan (passive)
mandikan
mandikanlah
mempermandikan (active causative)
dipermandikan (causative passive)
permandikan (causative)
permandikanlah (causative)

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">mandi</i>

to shower; to bathe (clean oneself using water)

kota yang mandi cahaya

Dia mandi keringat.

(figurative) to be bathed in, to be covered in


mandi

Borrowed from Javanese ꦩꦤ꧀ꦢꦶ (mandi, “powerful, strong, efficacious; sharp, poisonous”), from Old Javanese mandi, maṇḍi (“effective; poisonous; harmful”).


manusia

From Malay manusia, from Sanskrit मनुष्य (manuṣyà, “human being”).

manusia serigala

manusia harimau

(fantasy, mythology, only in compounds) were- (indicates a person who changes shape into an animal)


puspa

From Malay puspa,
from Classical Malay puspa, from Sanskrit पुष्प (puṣpa).


buah

Inherited from Malay buah, from Proto-Malayic *buah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buaq, from Proto-Austronesian *buaq.
* The sense of result and outcome are probably semantic loan from Sanskrit फल (phala, “result, yield, consequence”, literally “fruit”).

sl

(figurative) origin, subject, topic, theme


buah

Classifier for anything generally concretely big and having volume, as well as abstract things.


mantega

alternative spelling of mentega (“butter”)


impi

Inherited from Malay impi, from Proto-Malayic *impi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hipi, from Proto-Austronesian *Sipi. Doublet of mimpi.

mengimpikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

terimpi-impi [reduplication + agentless action]


muda

head

muda (comparative lebih muda, superlative paling muda or termuda, equative semuda)

lebih muda (comparative)
paling muda (superlative)
termuda (superlative)
semuda (equative)
moeda (alternative)

Inherited from Malay muda, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *muda.

hijau muda


mula

From Malay mula, from Sanskrit मूल (mūla).


mulut

Inherited from Malay mulut, from Proto-Malayic *mulut.

the opening of a creature through which food is ingested

the end of a river out of which water flows into a sea or other large body of water


nabi

From Malay nabi, from Arabic نَبِيّ, نَبِيء (nabiyy, nabīʔ, “nabi, prophet”).

der

نَبِيّ, نَبِيء


naga

Inherited from Malay naga, from Sanskrit नाग (nāgá, “large snake”).

(literal) naga: a member of a class of semi-divine creatures, often taking the form of a very large snake and associated with water

A legendary serpentine or reptilian creature. (mythical creature)

In European mythologies, a gigantic beast, typically reptilian with leathery bat-like wings, lion-like claws, scaly skin and a serpent-like body, often a monster with fiery breath.

In Eastern Asian mythologies, a large, snake-like monster with the eyes of a hare, the horns of a stag and the claws of a tiger, usually beneficent.

An animal of various species that resemble a dragon in appearance.

The (historical) Chinese empire or the People's Republic of China.

(figurative) Something very formidable or dangerous.

dragon
Something very formidable or dangerous.

(figurative) a term referring to a group of influential Chinese businessmen in Indonesia, especially those with close ties to the New Order government, and often associated with great economic and political power, although the group's membership has never been officially confirmed


naga

black marks on the body since birth and have an influence on a person's life path


naga

(dialect: Bali) calculation of the number of good rafters for doors


nuri

parrot (any bird of the family Psittaculidae)


nusa

Inherited from Malay nusa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nusa.

(rare, poetic) Synonym of pulau (“island”)


otak

otak-otak (plural)
otak (root)
berotak (active nominative)
mengotaki (active)
diotaki (passive)
otaki
otakilah

From Malay otak, from utak, from Proto-Malayic *utək, *utak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hutək, *qutək, *qutak. Doublet of botak and kotak. Compare Tagalog utak.

central nervous system
central nervous system

(anatomy) The control center of the central nervous system of an animal located in the skull which is responsible for perception, cognition, attention, memory, emotion, and action

brain
(figurative) intellect, intelligence


oto

Clipping of otomobil, from Dutch automobiel (“car”).

(dated or regional) car; automobile (a vehicle steered by a driver)


oleh

Inherited from Malay oleh, from Proto-Malayic *ulih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uliq.

Ikan dimakan oleh ibu.

indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: through the action or presence of

(archaic) indicates a means of achieving something: involving/using the means of

(uncommon) due to (caused by; resulting from; because of)

(indicating a family relationship, archaic) to (used to indicate the target or recipient of an action)

(archaic) for
towards; in the direction of

(archaic) for
directed at; intended to belong to

in order to help, benefit, gratify, honor etc. (someone or something)

befitting of someone’s beliefs, needs, wants, skills, or tastes; best suited to


oleh

by or for the cause that; on this account that; for the reason that

as is known, inferred, or determined from the fact that


getah

From Malay getah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gətəq (“sap, gummy secretion”), *-təq (“sap, gummy secretion”). Semantic loan from Dutch sap for the sense of biological fluid, biological juice.

inh

sap: the juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition

latex: the milky sap of several trees that coagulates on exposure to air; used to make rubber

(biology) fluid, juice: a clear liquid believed to be a component of a humour or other bodily fluid (esp. plasma and lymph)


pecah

Inherited from Malay pecah, from Classical Malay ڤچه (pecah),
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *peceq (“break into several large pieces; to hatch, of an egg”), from Proto-Austronesian *peceq (“break into several large pieces”). Cognate with Tagalog pisa and Hawaiian hoa.
* From Proto-Mon-Khmer *[p]cah (“to break”).


bambu

From Malay bambu, from Tamil வேம்பு (vēmpu). Cognate of Kannada ಬಂಬು (bambu).


kampung

kampung-kampung (plural)
kampoeng (alternative dated)

From Malay kampung. Cognate of Minangkabau kampuang, Acehnese gampông.

the fourth-level administrative division, usually in rural area, below the kecamatan

Kampung Cina

Kampung Melayu

community (an area where a particular ethnic group inhabits)


kampung

(possibly derogatory) low, vulgar, old-fashioned, unsophisticated


duyung

duyung-duyung (plural)
dugong (alternative)


duri

From Malay duri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi.


menteri

id-noun

mêntêri (plural menteri-menteri or para menteri)

mêntêri (canonical)
menteri-menteri (plural)
para menteri (plural)
manti (alternative)
mentri (alternative)

From Malay menteri, from Sanskrit मन्त्री (mantrī). Doublet of mandarin, manti, and mantri.

(government) minister (politician who heads a ministry)

(chess) queen (a chess piece that, under contemporary rules, is the most powerful)

(chess) bishop (the chess piece denoted ♗ or ♝)


penggiling

head

penggiling (countable, plural not attested)

/pəŋ.ɡɪ.lɪŋ/

one who flattens and fills things (such as roads)

a machine used to flatten and fill things (such as roads)

roller (any machine, tool or machine part)


giling

giling (active menggiling, passive digiling)

Inherited from Malay giling, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *giliŋ.


rambut

Inherited from Malay rambut, from Proto-Malayic *rambut.

(colloquial) thread, filament, mane, body hair


sarung

Inherited from Malay sarung, from Proto-Malayic *saruŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saruŋ (“sheath, sheath-like container; to sheathe a weapon”).

inh

sarong (garment made of printed cloth wrapped about the waist)


sarung

head

sarung (active menyarung, passive disarung)


erti

From Malay erti, from Sanskrit अर्थ (artha, “meaning, wealth”). Doublet of arta, arti, and harta.

der

(rare or dated) synonym of arti (“meaning”)


erti

head

êrti (active mengerti, passive dimengerti)

êrti (canonical)
mengerti (active)
dimengerti (passive)
erti (root)
mengerti (active nominative)
dimengerti (nominative passive)
mengertilah (nominative)
mengertikan (active)
diertikan (passive)
ertikan
ertikanlah


panca

From Malay panca, from Sanskrit पञ्चन् (páñcan), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.


pasar

From Malay pasar (“market”), from Tamil பசார் (pacār, “bazaar”), from Classical Persian بازار (bāzār, “market”), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wʾčʾl /wāzār/, “market”). Doublet of bazar.


pasar

→ Dutch: pasar

(linguistics) colloquial; vernacular; vulgar


pintu

pintu-pintu (plural)
pintoe (alternative)

(figurative) way: a method or manner of doing something

gate: a passageway (as in an air terminal) where passengers can embark or disembark


ribu

From Malay ribu, from Proto-Malayic *ribu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀibu.

(colloquial) million (when talking about currency, the Indonesian rupiah)


rokok

Aku baru saja membeli sebungkus rokok.


rotan

Affixed raut + -an, inherited from Malay rotan.

rattan (Any of several species of climbing palm of the genus Calamus.)


roti

From Malay roti, from Tamil ரொட்டி (roṭṭi), from Sanskrit रोटी (roṭī), रोटिका (roṭikā, “bread”).

bread (foodstuff made by baking dough made from cereals)


sakit

Inherited from Malay sakit, from Old Malay sākit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sakit, *masakit. Compare Tagalog sakit, Waray-Waray sakit.

sakit hati

sakit perut

menyakiti [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menyakitkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

mempersakiti [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]


sakar

sakar-sakar (plural)
sagar (alternative nonstandard)
syagar (alternative nonstandard)
syakar (alternative nonstandard)

From Malay sakar, probably via Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), from Persian شکر (šakar), from Sanskrit शर्कर (śárkarā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂.

(rare) sugar (sucrose from sugar cane or sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drink)

(rare) (medicine) blood sugar: the amount of glucose in a person's blood


sakar

From Malay sakar, from Minangkabau [Term?].


selamat

From Malay selamat, from Arabic سَلَامَات (salāmāt), plural of سَلَام (salām).


selamat

Selamat Ulang Tahun!

Selamat Natal!

Selamat pagi

Selamat malam

Selamat makan


susu

Inherited from Malay susu, from Proto-Malayic *susu(ʔ) (“breast”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *susu, from Proto-Austronesian *susu. The current sense of "milk" is developed from "breast" (commonly displaced by payudara) → "breast milk" (now replaced by the specific term air susu ibu, literally "mother's milk water") → "milk" (generalized to all types of milk).

a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of female mammals to nourish their young. From certain animals, especially cows, it is also called dairy milk and is a common food for humans as a beverage or used to produce various dairy products such as butter, cheese, and yogurt

a white (or whitish) liquid obtained from a vegetable source such as almonds, coconuts, oats, rice, and/or soy beans. Also called non-dairy milk

Aku minum segelas susu setiap hari.

Kecil sekali susunya!

(now colloquial, vulgar) two organs on the front of a female chest

(countable) breast
the analogous organs in other animals


susu

Ibu itu sedang menyusui anaknya.


tahu

Inherited from Malay tahu, from Proto-Malayic *tahu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqu, from Proto-Austronesian *Caqu.

Aku belum tahu ujiannya kapan.

to know (to be justifiably certain or sure about)

Kakaknya tahu bahasa Jawa.

to know (to have the knowledge of; to understand)

Kamu tahu Andi dari siapa?

to know (to be acquainted or familiar with)


tahu

Dia tidak tahu bolos.

(colloquial, figurative, used in a negative phrase) once, yet


tahu

→ Ternate: tahu

From Malay tauhu, from Hokkien 豆腐 (tāu-hū, “tofu, bean curd”), from Middle Chinese 豆 (dùw, “bean”) + 腐 (bjú, “rotten, fermented”). Doublet of tofu.

Ibu sedang membuat tahu bacem.


tebu

From Malay tebu, from Proto-Malayic *təbu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təbuh, from Proto-Austronesian *təbuS.

sugar cane (species of grass whose sap is a source of sugar)


telur

têlur (canonical)
telur-telur (plural)
telor (alternative nonstandard)
teloer (alternative)

From Malay telur, from Classical Malay telur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qitəluʀ, *qatəluʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qiCəluʀ.

egg (object produced by various animals to house an embryo)

(specifically) egg (of a bird, especially a chicken, considered food)

(by extension) something egg-shaped, ovate


jati

Inherited from Malay jati, from Pali jāti, from Sanskrit जाति (jāti). Doublet of jadi, jata, and jelata.


jati

→ Dutch: djati, djatihout, djatiboom

→ Min Nan: 惹致 (jiá-tì)

Inherited from Malay jati, from Old Javanese jati, from Sanskrit जाति (jāti). Doublet of jadi, jata, and jelata.

Tectona grandis
Tectona grandis#Translingual


marga

* Ultimately from Pali magga (“oath; road”) and Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga, “reach, range; mark, scar; track of a wild animal”), vṛddhi derivative of मृग (mṛga, “game animal; deer”).
** Inherited from Malay marga (“wild animal”), from Classical Malay marga, from Old Malay margga (“track, way”) (as in Talang Tuwo inscription (684 CE), compare to Balinese ᬫᬵᬃᬕ᭄ᬕ), came from above.
** The sense of clan is a semantic loan from Toba Batak marga (“clan”), came from above.
** The sense of hamlet is a semantic loan from Musi marga (“hamlet”), came from above.
** The sense of road is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦩꦂꦒ (marga, “road”), came from above.
* The sense of family name is a semantic loan from Dutch familienaam (“family name”) as semantic extension of clan.
* The sense in taxonomy is a semantic loan from Dutch geslacht (“genus”, literally “linage, generation”) and Latin genus (literally “group; type, class; lineage, descent”) as semantic extension of clan.

sl

a group of people all descended from a common ancestor, in fact or belief

(anthropology) clan:
specifically, the marga, Batak clan

(historical) hamlet, a small village or a group of houses, in South Sumatra

(biology, taxonomy) genus, a rank in the classification of organisms, below family and above species; a taxon at that rank

Direktorat Jenderal Bina Marga

Jasa Marga

(only in compounds) way, road, route, path


nadi

From Malay nadi, from Sanskrit नाडी (nāḍī, “blood vessel”), नड (naḍá, a species of reed), a corruption of नद (nadá, “river; penis”), Sanskrit नदी (nadī́, “flowing water, river”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *nadíH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *nadíH (“river”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ned-ih₂, from *ned- (“thundering, roaring, rushing”) + *-íh₂.

suf

(anatomy) artery: any of the muscular- and elastic-walled blood vessels forming part of the circulation system by which blood is conveyed away from the heart regardless of its oxygenation status; see pulmonary artery

(anatomy) aorta: the great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system

(physiology) pulse: a normally regular beat felt when arteries are depressed, caused by the pumping action of the heart


papan

Inherited from Malay papan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *papan (compare Maori papa).

(figurative, often in a phrase) house, dwelling


papar

From Malay papar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *parpar (“flat, level”). Doublet of popor. Compare Hawaiian papa.


papar

hilt: the handle of a sword, consisting of grip, guard, and pommel, designed to facilitate use of the blade and afford protection to the hand


ganda

Inherited from Malay ݢندا (ganda, “fold”),
* probably from Hindi गंडा (gaṇḍā, “aggregate of four; knot”).
* probably from Sanskrit गण्ड (gaṇḍa, “whole cheek, side, joint”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">ganda</i>


ganda

Inherited from Malay ݢندا (ganda, “odour; perfume”), from Sanskrit गन्ध (gandá, “scent, smell”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gandʰás (“smell”).


ganda

Borrowed from Malay [Term?] (Riau dialect).


buaya

From Malay buaya, from Proto-Malayic *buhaya, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buqaya, from Proto-Austronesian *buqaya.

(figurative, slang) ellipsis of buaya darat (“playboy, womanizer”).


cita

From Malay cita, from Pali citta, from Sanskrit चित्त (citta). Doublet of cipta.

(archaic or obsolete) Synonym of kreativitas (“creativity”)

(archaic or obsolete) Synonym of cita-cita (“ambition, aspiration”)

(archaic or obsolete) Synonym of cinta (“love”)

(archaic or obsolete) Synonym of gagasan (“idea”)


cita

(archaic or obsolete) to create; to inwardly create


derma

From Malay derma, from Classical Malay derma (“alms”), from Sanskrit धर्म (dharma, “morality, religion, duty, law”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰármas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰármas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰér-mos, from *dʰer- (“to hold, support”). Doublet of darma and firma.

der

alms, something given to the poor as charity, such as money, clothing or food


duli

From Malay duli, from Sanskrit धूलि (dhūli).

For example, Duli Syah Alam, etc.


gua

From Malay gua, from Sanskrit गुहा (guhā, “cave”).


gua

wa (alternative Internet)
gw (alternative Internet)

From Betawi Udik gua (“I, me, my”), from Hokkien 我 (góa, “I, me, my”). Doublet of gue.

(Jakarta, casual or informal) First-person singular pronoun: I, me, my


keti

From Malay keti, from Sanskrit कोटि (kōṭi, “ten million”). Doublet of kodi.


madu

Inherited from Malay madu, from Sanskrit मधु (mádhu).


madu

Inherited from Malay madu, from Old Javanese madu, maru (“co-wife, jealous”) (compare Indonesian mendua).
Comparable to Chinese 蜜 (mì, “honey, mistress”).

mistress, the other woman,
in polygyny relation

mistress, the other woman,
(figurative) in other type of relation

mistress, the other woman,
in other type of relation


pada

From Malay pada, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pada (“same, equal, like”).


pada

adequate, enough, sufficient, satisfactory


pada

(literature) pada: The basic metric unit of Vedic poetry, consisting of one line of verse in Sanskrit, typically as part of a four-line stanza


pria

pria-pria (plural)
lelaki (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit प्रिय (priya, “beloved”). Doublet of priayi.


pugar

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦸꦒꦼꦂ (puger). Semantic loan from Dutch herstellingsteken for music sense of natural.


pugar

(music) natural: The symbol ♮ used to indicate such a natural note


pugar

Borrowed from Minangkabau puga (“to hit”).


hidup

Inherited from Malay hidup, from Classical Malay hidup, from Old Malay hidup, from Proto-Malayic *hidup, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hudip by metathesis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qudip, from Proto-Austronesian *qudip. Doublet of urip and urit.

to have permanent residence somewhere, to inhabit, to reside

to live
to pass life in a specified manner

to spend, as one's life; to pass; to maintain; to continue in, constantly or habitually

(followed by dari) To maintain or support one's existence; to provide for oneself; to feed; to subsist

running: Of a machine, to be operating or working normally

(of foundation, orphanage etc, followed by dari or karena) sustained


hidup

alive: busy with activity of many living beings; swarming; thronged; busy

immortal: not forgotten or never to be forgotten; that merits being always remembered

(of painting or drawing) lifelike: looks alive


hidup

Hidup rakyat Indonesia!

viva; long live ... ! (used to express acclaim or support)


hiu

hiu-hiu (plural)
yu (alternative nonstandard)

From Malay hiu (Standard yu), from Proto-Malayic *hiu(ʔ), Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qihu, from Proto-Austronesian *qiSu.


hisab

From Malay hisab, from Classical Malay hisab, from Arabic حِسَاب (ḥisāb, “calculation”).


ratna

From Sanskrit रत्न (rátna, “jewel, gem”).

jewel, A precious or semi-precious stone; gem, gemstone


jauhar

From Malay jauhar, from Arabic جَوْهَر (jawhar), from Classical Persian گوهر (gawhar).


ratu

ratu-ratu (plural)
para ratu (plural)
ratoe (alternative)

From Malay ratu, from Old Javanese ratu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu. Doublet of datu and datuk.
* Semantic loan from Javanese ratu (ꦫꦠꦸ).
* For sense of the most powerful piece in chess, semantic loan from Dutch koningin.
* For sense of powerful or forceful female, semantic loan from English queen.

queen:
powerful or forceful female person

(chess) the most powerful piece, able to move any number of spaces horizontally, vertically, or diagonally


serba

From classical form of sarwa, from Sanskrit सर्व (sarva, “every”). Doublet of sarwa and seru.


seri

séri (canonical)
seri-seri (plural)
siri (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Dutch serie (“series”), from French série, from Latin series.

a number of things that follow on one after the other or are connected one after the other

(broadcasting) a television or radio program which consists of several episodes that are broadcast in regular intervals

a work, such as a work of fiction, published in installments, often numbered and without a specified end

a publication issued in successive parts, often numbered and with no predetermined end


seri

From Malay seri, possibly from Old Javanese sari (“continuously; constantly”). Compare Old Javanese asari (“delay”), Indonesian sari (“daily”).

der

even on equal monetary terms; neither owing nor being owed


seri

From Malay seri, from Sanskrit श्री (śrī).


suci

suci (root)
menyuci (active nominative)
tersuci (nominative passive)
disuci (nominative passive)
suci (nominative)
sucilah (nominative)
menyucikan (active)
tersucikan (passive)
disucikan (passive)
sucikan
sucikanlah
mempersucikan (active causative)
terpersucikan (causative passive)
dipersucikan (causative passive)
persucikan (causative)
persucikanlah (causative)
soetji (alternative)
sutji (alternative)

From Malay suci, from Pali suci, from Sanskrit शुचि (śuci). Doublet of cuci.


tani

Inherited from Malay tani, from Tamil தானி (tāṉi, “place”), from Pali ṭhāna (“place”), from Sanskrit स्थान (sthāna).


tani

(archaic) ropes on the boat to secure the mast


tani

(colloquial) pirate (illegally imitated or reproduced, said of a trademarked product or copyrighted work, or of the counterfeit itself)


berat

From Malay berat, from Proto-Malayic *bərat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀəqat. Doublet of bobot.

Akibat kecelakaan itu, dia terkena luka berat.

Because of the accident, he got serious injury.


berat

bêrat (canonical)
berat-berat (plural)
berat (root)
memberat (active nominative)
beratlah (nominative)
memberati (active)
terberati (passive)
diberati (passive)
berati
beratilah
memberatkan (active)
terberatkan (passive)
diberatkan (passive)
beratkan
beratkanlah
memperberat (active causative nominative)
diperberat (causative nominative passive)
perberat (causative nominative)
perberatlah (causative nominative)


beras

From Malay beras, from Proto-Malayic *bəras, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀas, from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀas.


bibir

From Malay bibir, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bibiʀ.

(literally) lip (either of the two fleshy protrusions around the opening of the mouth)


arus

From Malay arus, from Proto-Malayic *harus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀus. Semantic loan from Dutch stroom (“electrical current”, literally “flow; small stream”).

sl

the generally unidirectional movement of a gas or fluid

flow, stream: The part of a fluid that moves continuously in a certain direction

(electricity, electronics) electric current: the amount of electric charge flowing in each unit of time

movement in people or things characterized with a continuous motion, involving either a non solid mass or a multitude

the movement of a real or figurative fluid

circulation: The extent to which anything circulates or is circulated


pinggan

Inherited from Malay pinggan, from Classical Persian پنگان (pingān, “cup; bowl”).

der

Baginya, maju perang tanpa strategi dan mengandalkan kenekatan belaka, ibarat mengantarkan kepala kepada musuh di atas sebuah pinggan emas.

2014, Irma Devita Purnamasari, Sang Patriot: Sebuah Epos Kepahlawanan [The Patriot: An Epic of Heroism] (fiction), MDP Press, →ISBN, page 73:

For him, advancing war without strategy and relying entirely on dauntlessness is akin to delivering [his own] head to the enemy on a golden plate.

di mana pinggan pecah, di sana tembikar tinggal

seperti pinggan dengan mangkuk, salah sedikit hendak berantuk


pusa

Inherited from Malay pusa (“urge, impuls”). The sense of physical momentum is a semantic loan from Dutch impuls.

inh+

(mechanics) momentum: of a body in motion: the tendency of a body to maintain its inertial motion; the product of its mass and velocity


putra

putra-putra (plural)
poetra (alternative)
putera (alternative nonstandard)

From Malay putera, from Sanskrit पुत्र (putra).

Coordinate term: putri

Pebulu tangkis tunggal putra


GPM

Gereja Protestan Maluku
w:id:Gereja Protestan Maluku

(Protestantism) initialism of Gereja Protestan Maluku.


fiche

Unadapted borrowing from French fiche (“card (in a file); record”).

ubor

(information science) card, like a punch card, microfiche or file card


ardi

Inherited from Malay ardi (“mountain”), from Old Javanese ardi, adri (“mountain”), from Sanskrit अद्रि (adri, “rock, stone; mountain”).


ardi

Inherited from Malay ardi (“earth”), from Arabic أَرْض (ʔarḍ, “earth”), from Proto-Semitic *ʾarṣ́-.


TMT

terhitung mulai tanggal
terhitung mulai tanggal#Indonesian

teman makan teman
teman makan teman#Indonesian

(colloquial) Initialism of teman makan teman.


kuku

Inherited from Malay kuku, from Proto-Malayic *kuku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kukuh, from Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS.

(anatomy, loosely) claw; a curved, pointed horny nail on each digit of the foot of a mammal, reptile, or bird

claw; a mechanical device resembling a claw, used for gripping or lifting

(anatomy) hoof; the tip of a toe of an ungulate such as a horse, ox or deer, strengthened by a thick keratin covering


pilih

pilih (root)
memilih (active nominative)
terpilih (nominative passive)
dipilih (nominative passive)
pilih (nominative)
pilihlah (nominative)
memilihi (active)
terpilihi (passive)
dipilihi (passive)
pilihi
pilihilah
memilihkan (active)
terpilihkan (passive)
dipilihkan (passive)
pilihkan
pilihkanlah
memperpilih (active causative nominative)
terperpilih (causative nominative passive)
diperpilih (causative nominative passive)
perpilih (causative nominative)
perpilihlah (causative nominative)
memperpilihi (active causative)
terperpilihi (causative passive)
diperpilihi (causative passive)
perpilihi (causative)
perpilihilah (causative)
memperpilihkan (active causative)
terperpilihkan (causative passive)
diperpilihkan (causative passive)
perpilihkan (causative)
perpilihkanlah (causative)

From Malay pilih, Proto-Malayic *pilih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *piliq, from Proto-Austronesian *piliq.


saus

saus-saus (plural)
saos (alternative)
sos (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Dutch saus (compare to Afrikaans sous), from Middle Dutch sause, from Old French sauce, from Latin salsus (“salt”).

Elemen cita rasa sajian Thailand terdiri dari empat rasa: manis, pedas, asam (dari cuka, air jeruk nipis, dan air asam), dan asin (dari kecap asin, saus ikan).

Thailand cuisine consist of four tastes, i.e. sweet, hot, sour (from vinegar, lime and sour liquid) and salty (from salted soy sauce, fish sauce).

(cooking) sauce, a liquid (often thickened) condiment or accompaniment to food


lubang

lubang-lubang (plural)
lobang (alternative)

From Malay lubang, from Proto-Malayic *lubaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lubaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *lubaŋ (“burial pit”). Doublet of lowong and luang.

(physics) in semiconductors, a lack of an electron in an occupied band behaving like a positively charged particle

lubang pohon


anggap

From Malay anggap, from Classical Malay اڠڬڤ (anggap), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a(ŋ)gap.

to assume, to consider; basic/imperative of menganggap


anggap

(obsolete) to invite, to ask for dancing or drinking


taruh

Inherited from Malay taruh, from Proto-Malayic *taruh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀuq.


perahu

pêrahu (canonical)
perahu-perahu (plural)

Inherited from Malay perahu, from Proto-Malayic *pərahu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀaqu (compare Tongan folau).


luak

Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦸꦮꦏ꧀ (luwak), from Old Javanese luwak (“civet-cat”).

Paradoxurus hermaphroditus
Paradoxurus hermaphroditus#Translingual

Asian palm civet, toddy cat (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus)


luak

Borrowed from Minangkabau luak (“well”). Doublet of lurah.


penuh

From Malay penuh, from Proto-Malayic *pənuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pənuq, from Proto-Austronesian *pəNuq.

containing the maximum possible amount that can fit in the space available


tunjuk

From Malay tunjuk,
from Classical Malay tunjuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuzuk, compare Malagasy toro. Doublet of telunjuk.


buluh

From Malay buluh, from Proto-Malayic *buluh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buluq (compare Malagasy volo), from Proto-Austronesian *buluq.

(botany) culm (the stem of a plant, especially of grass or sedge)


guruh

From Malay guruh, from kuruh, from Proto-Malayic *kuruh (compare Malay guruh), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuʀuq (compare Chamorro hulu, Fijian kuru).