liang

a Chinese ounce or tael, reckoned as one-third heavier than the ounce avoirdupois. Short for 臺兩／台两 (“Taiwanese tael, equal to 1/16 of a catty or 37.5 grams”)


nila

From Malay nila, from Pali nīla (“blue”), from Sanskrit नील (nīla, “dark color”).

a plant which produce blue colour, Indigofera suffruticosa

nila:


liput

Inherited from Malay liput, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *liput, from Proto-Austronesian *lipuC.


faksi

From Dutch factie (“faction”), from Middle French faction, from Latin factiō, factiōnem. Doublet of fatsun and fesyen.

Salah satu ciri Partai Demokratik Liberal adalah bahwa semua anggotanya dalam Diet mengelompok dalam faksi.

A characteristic of Liberal Democratic Party is the members in Diet groups in faction(s).

(politics) faction, a group of people, especially within a political organization, which expresses a shared belief or opinion different from people who are not part of the group


faksi

From fakta (“fact”) + fiksi (“fiction”).

(literature) a fictional story based on a real story or characters


nisan

From Malay nisan, from Classical Persian نشان (nišān), نیشان (nīšān, “sign, mark”), from Middle Persian nyšʾn' (nīšān, “sign, mark, banner”), nyš (nīš-).


Aceh

From Malay Aceh, from Classical Malay اچيه (Aceh), اچيه (Acéh), اچيه (Ace), اچيه (Acih), اچيه (Atjeh), from Acehnese Acèh.

Aceh (a special autonomous province of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra)


busbar

electrical engineering
electrical engineering


legenda

lêgènda (canonical)
legenda-legenda (plural)

an unrealistic story depicting past events

legend
a person related to a legend or legends

(cartography) a key to the symbols and color codes on a map, chart, etc.


-ita

Borrowed from Spanish -ita, influenced by wanita (“woman”).

puspa (“flower”) + -ita → Puspita


neng

miss (a title of respect for a young woman (usually unmarried) with or without a name used)


akropolis

From Ancient Greek ἀκρόπολις (akrópolis), from ἄκρος (ákros, “topmost”, “tip”, “summit”) + πόλις (pólis, “city”).


ulos

the woven textile of Batak people, commonly used in indigenous ceremonies (e.g. marriage, funerals, etc.)


apostrof

From Dutch apostrof, from Middle French apostrophe, from Latin apostrophus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστροφος (apóstrophos).


opas

opas-opas (plural)
pas (alternative)
upas (alternative)

From Dutch oppas (“babysitter”), oppassen (“to watch out, beware”).


kuilu

From Portuguese coelho. Doublet of kelinci and terwelu.


akne

From Dutch acne, from French acné, from New Latin [Term?], probably a corruption of Ancient Greek ἀκμή (akmḗ).

(dermatology, pathology, uncommon) acne: a skin condition, usually of the face, that is common in adolescents. It is characterised by red pimples, and is caused by the inflammation of sebaceous glands through bacterial infection


KKO

(education) Initialism of kata kerja operasional (“operational verb”).

(education) Initialism of kelas khusus olahraga (“sport class”).


anoreksia

anorèksia (canonical)
anoreksia-anoreksia (plural)


geologi

From Dutch geologie, from New Latin geologia, from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê, “earth”) + -logia (“the study of”).


dian

From Malay dian, from Classical Malay dian, from Javanese ꦢꦶꦪꦤ꧀ (diyan, “lamp, lantern”).


nol

Borrowed from Peranakan Indonesian nul, from Dutch nul, from Latin nullus.


nol

→ Malay: nol

→ Tausug: nul

(figurative) fruitless, unproductive, useless


klitoris

From Dutch clitoris, from New Latin clitoris, from Ancient Greek κλειτορίς (kleitorís).


konsensus

konsènsus (canonical)
konsensus-konsensus (plural)

From Dutch consensus, from Latin cōnsēnsus.

a process of decision-making that seeks widespread agreement among group members

general agreement among the members of a given group or community, each of which exercises some discretion in decision-making and follow-up action


anakonda

Internationalism, borrowed from English anaconda, from New Latin anacandaia (“python”) [originally referring to a species of constrictor found in Sri Lanka], from Sinhalese හෙනකඳයා (henakaⁿdayā, “whip snake”), from හෙන (hena, “lightning, thunderbolt”) + කඳ (kaⁿda, “stem, trunk, body”).

(zoology) anaconda: Any of various large nonvenomous snakes of the genus Eunectes, found mainly in northern South America


anatomi

From Dutch anatomie (“anatomy”), from Middle Dutch anatomye, from Latin anatomia, from Ancient Greek ἀνατομή (anatomḗ, “dissection”).


pahe

Abbreviation of paket hemat. (all senses)


entomologi

From Dutch entomologie, from French entomologie, from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (éntomon, “insect”) + -logie (from Ancient Greek -λογία (-logía, “-logy”)).


laku

From Malay laku, from Classical Malay لاکو (laku).


solfeggio

Unadapted borrowing from Italian solfeggio.

ubor

(music) solfeggio, solfège: a method of sight singing that uses the syllables do (originally ut), re, mi, fa, sol (or so), la, and si (or ti) to represent the seven principal pitches of the scale, most commonly the major scale. The fixed-do system uses do for C, and the moveable-do system uses do for whatever key the melody uses (thus B is do if the piece is in the key of B). The relative natural minor of a scale may be represented by beginning at la


optik

Borrowed from English optic, from Middle French optique or Medieval Latin opticus, from Ancient Greek ὀπτῐκός (optĭkós, “of or for sight”).

der

optic, optical (of, or relating to the eye or to or optical instruments)


optik

eyewear retail, a place selling optical instruments


saksi

From Malay saksi, sjaksi, from Sanskrit साक्षी (sākṣī), masculine nominative singular form of साक्षिन् (sākṣin, “witness”).


bezit

From Dutch bezit (“possession; estate”).


gravi

(cooking) gravy: a thick sauce made from the fat or juices that come out from meat or vegetables as they are being cooked


merino

mêrino (canonical)
merino-merino (plural)


lipas

From Malay lipas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ipəs (“cockroach”), from Proto-Austronesian *Sipəs (“cockroach”).


conquistador

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish conquistador (“conquistador”, literally “conqueror”).


BKT

(education) Initialism of biaya kuliah tunggal.


lapo

(North Sumatra, dialectal) alternative spelling of lepau


lenso

→ Malay: lenso

From Ambonese Malay lenso, Manado Malay lenso, or Papuan Malay [Term?], from Portuguese lenço, from Old Galician-Portuguese lenço, from Latin linteum (“linen cloth”), from linteus.

(dance) tari lenso: a social dance with handkerchief as prop


bolero

boléro (canonical)
bolero-bolero (plural)


pukimak

From Malay pukimak (“mother's vagina”). By surface analysis, puki + mak.


pukimak

(literally, vulgar) (your) mother's vagina

(vulgar, offensive) motherfucker (an extremely contemptible, vicious or mean person)


ayat

From Malay ayat, from Arabic آيَة (ʔāya, “sign, token”).

Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia adalah Kepolisian Nasional yang merupakan satu kesatuan dalam melaksanakan peran sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1).

National Police Republic of Indonesia is national police in unity in application of the role in the clause (1).

(accounting) entry: a formal record that documents a transaction


metafora

From Latin metaphora, either directly borrowed thence or through Dutch metafoor, from Ancient Greek μεταφέρω (metaphérō, “I transfer, apply”).


amoniak

From Dutch ammoniak, from Latin ammoniacum.


hima

himpunan mahasiswa
himpunan mahasiswa#Indonesian

(education) Acronym of himpunan mahasiswa (“student association”).


hima

food and household furniture given by the woman to the man in return for the dowry given during the marriage procession


spora

From Latin spora, either as learned borrowing from Latin or through Dutch spore, from Ancient Greek σπορά (sporá, “seed, a sowing”).

(biology) spore, (a reproductive particle, usually a single cell, released by a fungus, alga, or plant)

spore (a thick resistant particle produced by a bacterium or protist)


plakat

From Dutch plakkaat, from French placard.

placard, a sheet of paper or cardboard with a written or printed announcement on one side for display in a public place


teologi

téologi (canonical)
teologi-teologi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch theologie, from Old French theologie, from Latin theologia, from Koine Greek θεολογία (theología), θεολόγος (theológos, adjective), from θεός (theós) + λόγος (lógos).


geng

From English gang, from Middle English gang, from Old English gang (“a journey; way; passage”), from Proto-Germanic *gangaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰongʰ-o-s, from *ǵʰengʰ- (“to step; stride”). Doublet of gang.

(colloquial) gang, a company of persons with distinct identity

(colloquial) gang, a company of persons, especially criminals


couveuse

Unadapted borrowing from French couveuse (“incubator”, literally “broody hen”).

ubor

(medicine) couveuse: an incubator for sickly infants, especially those born prematurely


PLP

(education) Initialism of pengenalan lapangan persekolahan.


HIP

Haluan Ideologi Pancasila
Haluan Ideologi Pancasila#Indonesian

Acronym of Haluan Ideologi Pancasila (“Guide of Pancasilan Ideology”).


Markus

(biblical) Mark (disciple of Jesus, author of the Gospel of Matthew)


Antarktika

Antartika (alternative)
Antartika (alternative)

From Dutch Antarctica, from New Latin Antarctica, from Ancient Greek ἀνταρκτικός (antarktikós), from ἀντ- (ant-, “ant-, against, opposed”) + ἀρκτικός (arktikós, “Arctic”), from Ancient Greek ἄρκτος (árktos, “bear”). The spelling change in Indonesian was proposed/accepted in January 2017 by Adi Budiwiyanto, previously spelled as Antartika.

Antarctica (The southernmost continent, south of the Southern Ocean, containing the South Pole)


LH

lingkungan hidup
lingkungan hidup#Indonesian


-lah

Used on verbs and adverbs to indicate the jussive, imperative.

Used on adverbs to indicate reassurance, emphasis and assertion.


renvoi

renvoi-renvoi (plural)
renvooi (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch renvooi, from French renvoi.

(law) a situation in which a court, tasked with deciding which state's law should apply to a case, decides to apply the law of the forum, based on the determination that a court from another involved state would also apply the law of the forum

cross-reference in text; a sign that refers to something introduced earlier in a text

corrections, improvements, additions to an authentic deed by making marks in the margins and must be initialed


relai

Internationalism, ultimately from French relais, from Old French relaier.
* The verb sense is borrowed from English relay (“to relay, to convey: to pass on or transfer”).
* The noun sense is borrowed from Dutch relais (“relay”).


relai

(electronics) relay: An electrical actuator that allows a relatively small electrical voltage or current to control a larger voltage or current


relai

(zoology) pearl snail (Melo melo); pearl conch


genta

From Malay genta (“bell”), from Sanskrit घण्टा (ghaṇṭā, “bell”). Compare Hindi घंटा (ghaṇṭā) / Urdu گَھنْٹَہ (ghanṭa) and Punjabi گَھنْٹا (ghanṭā) / ਘੰਟਾ (ghaṇṭā).


puas

From Malay puas, from Proto-Malayic *puhas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqas.


antap

Inherited from Malay antap, from Javanese ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦥ꧀ (antep, “weight”), from Old Javanese antĕp (“hard, unyielding (in contact); unkind”).


antap

Perhaps from Minangkabau, from Javanese ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦥ꧀ (antep, “loyal; steady”), from Old Javanese antĕp (“hard, unyielding (in contact); unkind”).


stok

From Dutch stock, from Middle Dutch stoc, from Old Dutch stok, from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz.

(trading) a store of goods ready for sale; inventory

(biology) in tectology, an aggregate or colony of individuals, such as trees, chains of salpae, etc.


POM

(mining) Acronym of pengawas operasional madya.


BEM

(education) Acronym of badan eksekutif mahasiswa (“student's executive council”).


heng

(colloquial, sports, soccer) handball, the offence of a player other than the goalkeeper touching the ball with the hand or hands on the field during play


heng

(colloquial, computing) hang, an instance of ceasing to respond


jin

From Malay jin,
from Classical Malay jin, from Arabic جِنّ (jinn, “genie”).

genie: a jinn, a being descended from the jann, normally invisible to the human eye, but who may also appear in animal or human form


jin

From Dutch jeans, from English jeans, a shortened form of jean fustian (from Middle English Gene (“Genoa; Genovese”) + fustian (“strong cotton fabric”).

jeans: a pair of trousers made from denim cotton


jin

From Dutch gin, geneva, alteration of Dutch genever (“juniper”), from Old French genevre (French genièvre), from Latin iūniperus (“juniper”).

gin: a colourless non-aged alcoholic liquor made by distilling fermented grains such as barley, corn, oats or rye with juniper berries; the base for many cocktails


jin

From Malay jin,
from Classical Malay jin, from Persian زین (zin, “saddle”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (zyn' /zēn/, “saddle”).

(obsolete) saddle: a seat (tack) for a rider placed on the back of a horse or other animal


apotek

apoték (canonical)
apotek-apotek (plural)
apotheek (alternative)
apotik (alternative nonstandard)

From Dutch apotheek, from Middle Dutch apoteke, from Latin apothēca, from Ancient Greek ἀποθήκη (apothḗkē, “repository”). Doublet of butik.

pharmacy (place where prescription drugs are dispensed)


kompas

From Dutch kompas, from Middle Dutch compas (“circle; pair of compasses; compass”), from Old French compas, from Medieval Latin compassus (“a circle, a circuit”), from Latin com- (“together”) + passus (“a pace, step, later a pass, way, route”).

compass (a magnetic or electronic device used to determine the cardinal directions (usually magnetic or true north))


kompas

head

kompas (active mengompas, passive dikompas)

Near-synonym: rampas

(ambitransitive, dialectal) to ask for money by force


aq

(text messaging, slang) Abbreviation of aku.


benda

From Malay benda (“a valuable thing”), from Sanskrit भाण्ड (bhāṇḍa, “good”). Doublet of banda. Cognate of Javanese ꦧꦤ꧀ꦝ (bandha).


krans

Borrowed from Dutch krans, from Middle Dutch crans, from Middle High German kranz, from Old High German kranz, probably altered from krenz, ultimately related to Proto-Germanic *kringaz (“circle, ring”).

der

wreath: An ornamental circular band made, for example, of plaited flowers and leaves, and used as decoration; a garland or chaplet, especially one given to a victor


bulbul

Inherited from Malay bulbul, from Classical Persian بلبل (bulbul) or from Arabic بُلْبُل (bulbul).


klem

From Dutch klem, from Middle Dutch clemme, from Proto-Germanic *klampō (“clamp, clasp, cramp”).


trompet

trompet-trompet (plural)
terompet (alternative nonstandard)

(music) trumpet (a type of brass instrument)

Trompet truk di jalanan mengaung tinggi.

Truck horns in the street blasted shrilly.


hatta

From Malay hatta, from Classical Malay hatta:
* from Arabic حَتَّى (ḥattā, “until, as far as, to the point of, even up to; in order to, so that; even”).
* from Pali attha (“welfare, gain, wealth; need, want, use; meaning”), from Sanskrit अर्थ (artha).

(obsolete, archaic) therefore, thus, consequently, hence


bufer

(Standard Malay)

(chemistry) a solution used to stabilize the pH (acidity) of a liquid

(computing) a portion of memory set aside to temporarily store data, often before it is sent to an external device or as it is received from an external device


bufet

bufèt (canonical)
bufet-bufet (plural)
bupet (alternative)

From Dutch buffet, from French buffet, from Middle French bufet, from Old French bufet, of uncertain origin; possibly a Celtic borrowing.

a counter or sideboard from which food and drinks are served or may be bought

(cooking) food laid out in this way, to which diners serve themselves


batalyon

(military) military official form of batalion


bloknot

From Dutch blocnote/bloknoot, from French bloc-notes/bloc-note.


brigadir

From Dutch brigadier, from French brigadier.


plak

From Dutch plak, from Middle Dutch plagge; placke; plecke; placken, from Old Dutch *plakko, *plakka, from Proto-Germanic *plaggą. Doublet of plakat.

(dermatology) a broad patch of abnormal tissue distinguishable from surrounding tissue, especially a broad papule (“inflamed, irritated patch”) on the skin

(cardiology) an abnormal accumulation of material in or on an organ of the body, often associated with disease


ambar

From Arabic عَنْبَر (ʕanbar), from Middle Persian ʾmbl (ambar, “ambergris”).

amber (a hard, generally yellow to brown translucent fossil resin, used for jewellery)

ambergris (the waxy product of the sperm whale)


hambar

Inherited from Malay hambar, ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qambaR (“tasteless, insipid”)

inh

Tanpa garam, sup ini tentu akan terasa hambar.

Without salt, this soup will surely taste bland.


inval

inval-inval (plural)
infal (alternative)


faqih

(Islam, law, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of fakih (“faqih”)


falsafah

From Malay falsafah, from Classical Malay فلسفة (falsafah), from Arabic فَلْسَفَات (falsafāt), فَلْسَفَة (falsafa), either constructed based on فَيْلَسُوف (faylasūf, “philosopher”), or based directly on Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía), compounded from φίλος (phílos, “beloved”) + σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”). Doublet of filosofi and filsafat.

compound

philosophy (a view or outlook regarding fundamental principles underlying some domain)


vertikal

Borrowed from Dutch verticaal (“vertical”).


kurkuma

From Arabic كُرْكُم (kurkum, “turmeric”), from Sanskrit कुङ्कुम (kuṅkuma).


kalkun

Borrowed from Dutch kalkoen (“turkey”), older Calcoensche haan (modern kalkoense haan), from Calcoen, the then-used name for the Indian city Calicut, modern Kozhikode.

Meleagris gallopavo
Meleagris gallopavo#Translingual


referat

From Dutch referaat, from German Referat, from Latin referat, referō.

(medicine, education) report, abstract, summary


sekat

Inherited from Malay sekat, from Proto-Malayic *səkat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *səkəd. The sense of to stop is semantic loan from Minangkabau [Term?].


sekat

Borrowed from Dutch schaats (“skate, ice skate”), from Middle Dutch schāetse (“stilt”), from Old Northern French escache (“a stilt, trestle”), from Frankish *skakkjā (“stilt”, literally “thing that moves”), from the verb *skakan (“to shake”).


geman

gêman (canonical)
gamang (alternative)
gemang (alternative)

From Malay geman, from Classical Persian گمان (gumān, “suspicion”). Doublet of gamang and gemang.


nasi goreng

→ English: nasi goreng

desctree

→ Dutch: nasi goreng
→ Papiamentu: nasigóren

From Malay nasi goreng, from nasi (“rice”) + goreng (“fried”).

nasgor (alternative abbreviation acronym acronym)


Kristen

Kristên (canonical)
Kristen-Kristen (plural)
Kristian (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Dutch christen (“Christian”), from Middle Dutch cristen, variant of kersten, from Old Dutch [Term?], from, Ancient Greek Χρῑστιᾱνός (Khrīstiānós) from Latin Christiānus.


chauvinisme

Alternative spelling of sauvinisme (“chauvinism”)


kabinet

kabinèt (canonical)
kabinet-kabinet (plural)
kabinet (alternative)

→ Min Nan: 甲辦 /甲办, 甲角

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch kabinet (“cabinet”), from Middle French cabinet, cabin, from Old French cabane, from Medieval Latin capanna (“a cabin”), of uncertain origin; possibly a metathesis of Latin canaba. Doublet of kabana and kabin.

(politics, government) group of ministers


kapitan

From Malay kapitan, borrowed Portuguese capitam (“captain”), from Old Galician-Portuguese capitan, capitam, from Genoese Ligurian capitan, from Late Latin capitānus, from capitāneus, or Latin capitālis. Doublet of kapital and kapten.

Nusa Tenggara Timur
Nusa Tenggara Timur#Indonesian

chieftain in the Eastern Lesser Sunda Islands (Nusa Tenggara Timur) and Mollucas (Maluku)

a high-ranking government position in the civil administration of colonial Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo and the Philippines as community leaders of local foreign communities, such as Kapitan Cina

(archaic) captain
leader chief in the army


karnaval

karnaval-karnaval (plural)
karnival (alternative)

From Dutch carnaval, from French carnaval, either from Italian carnevale, from Medieval Latin carnelevale, from carnem (“flesh”) + levāre (“lighten, raise”).


kafe

From Dutch café, from French café, from Italian caffè, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee”). Doublet of kopi.


fase

fasê (canonical)
fase-fase (plural)
fasa (alternative)

From Dutch phase (current spelling fase), from New Latin phasis, from Ancient Greek φάσις (phásis, “an appearance”), from φάειν (pháein, “to shine”).

der

fase bulan

a distinguishable part of a sequence or cycle occurring over time

fase padat

(chemistry) a component in a material system that is distinguished by chemical composition and/or physical state (solid, liquid or gas) and/or crystal structure. It is delineated from an adjoining phase by an abrupt change in one or more of those conditions

sistem tenaga listrik 3 fase

(electrical engineering) in a polyphase electrical power system, one of the power-carrying conductors, or the alternating current carried by it


oksigen

oksigèn (canonical)
oksigen-oksigen (plural)

Borrowed from English oxygen, from French oxygène, from Ancient Greek ὀξύς (oxús) + γένος (génos).


iklim

From Malay iklim, from Arabic إِقْلِيم (ʔiqlīm), from Ancient Greek κλίμα (klíma).


komandan

→ Min Nan: 公勃壟 /公勃垄 (kong-pu̍t-lóng)

From Dutch commandant (“commandant”), from French commandant.


kompleks

komplèks (canonical)
kompleks-kompleks (plural)
komplek (alternative nonstandard)

From Dutch complex, from either French complexe or German komplex, from Latin complexus.


kompleks

komplèks (canonical)
komplek (alternative nonstandard)


kondensator

(electronics) capacitor, an electronic component capable of storing electrical energy in an electric field; especially one consisting of two conductors separated by a dielectric

a device designed to condense a gas into a liquid, either as part of a still, steam engine, refrigerator or similar machine

a lens (or combination of lenses) designed to gather light and focus it onto a specimen or part of a mechanism


konduktor

Learned borrowing from Latin conductor. Doublet of kondektur.
* Semantic loan from English conductor for music sense.

(physics) something that can transmit electricity, heat, light or sound

(music) a person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble; a professional whose occupation is conducting


konkret

konkrèt (canonical)
konkrit (alternative)
kongkret (alternative nonstandard)
kongkrit (alternative nonstandard)

From Dutch concreet, from Latin concrētus.


undur

undur (root)
mengundur (active nominative)
mundur (active nominative)
diundur (nominative passive)
undur (nominative)
mundur (nominative)
undurlah (nominative)
mundurlah (nominative)
mengundurkan (active)
terundurkan (passive)
diundurkan (passive)
undurkan
undurkanlah

From Malay undur, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *unduD, *undur (“retreat, fall back”). Compare Binukid undud (“to move backwards”).

mengundurkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

diundurkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


konsul

consul (an official residing in major foreign towns to represent and protect the interests of the merchants and citizens of their country)


konsul

From Dutch consult, from Middle French consulter, from Latin cōnsultō (“to deliberate, consult”), frequentative of cōnsulō (“to consult, deliberate, consider, reflect upon, ask advice”), from com- (“together”) + -sulō, from Proto-Indo-European *selh₁- (“to take, grab”).


konsul

konsul-konsul (plural)
konsul (root)
mengkonsulkan (active nominative)
dikonsulkan (nominative passive)
konsulkan (nominative)
konsulkanlah (nominative)

(especially medicine) consultation: A conference for the exchange of information and advice; An appointment or meeting with a professional person, such as a doctor


kontrol

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

control, influence or authority over something

Pasien diabetes harus tetap kontrol ke dokter selama pandemi COVID-19.

Diabetic patient will have continued medical checkup during COVID-19 pandemic.


BAK

buang air kecil
buang air kecil#Indonesian

Initialism of biro administrasi keuangan (“finance bureau”).


kran

From Dutch kraan, from Middle Dutch crāne, from Old Dutch *crano, from Proto-Germanic *kranô, from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”). Doublet of keran.

Nonstandard spelling of keran (“tap, faucet”).


kreditor

(finance, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of kreditur (“creditor”)


registri

(computing) a database of configuration settings etc. maintained by the Microsoft Windows operating system

(medicine) disease registry, patient registry: collections of secondary data related to patients with a specific diagnosis, condition, or procedure, and they play an important role in post marketing surveillance of pharmaceuticals


kupon

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch coupon, from French coupon, couper (“to cut”).

a section of a ticket, showing the holder to be entitled to some specified accommodation or service, as to a passage over a designated line of travel, a particular seat in a theater, a discount, etc.

a voucher issued by a manufacturer or retailer which offers a discount on a particular product

(finance, obsolete) a certificate of interest due, printed at the bottom of transferable bonds (state, railroad, etc.), given for a term of years, designed to be cut off and presented for payment when the interest is due; an interest warrant

(finance) any interest payment made or due on a bond, debenture or similar (no longer by a physical coupon)


kurator

a person who manages, administers or organizes a collection, either independently or employed by a museum, library, archive or zoo

a member of a curatorium, a board for electing university professors, etc.

liquidator appointed by a judge after bankruptcy


kurs

→ Tetum: kurs

From Dutch koers (“rate, price”), from Middle Dutch coers, from Middle French cours, from Old French cours, from Latin cursus. Doublet of kursus.
* Semantic loan from Dutch wisselkoers (“exchange rate”)


spion

spion-spion (plural)
sepion (alternative)

(colloquial) side mirror, outside mirror, wing mirror (automobile)


elektrik

èlèktrik (canonical)
elektrik-elektrik (plural)

From Dutch electric (current spelling elektriek), from French électrique, from Latin ēlectricus, from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron). Doublet of listrik.


eskalator

escalator, a motor-driven mechanical device consisting of a continuous loop of steps that automatically conveys people from one floor to another


estetika

estetika-estetika (plural)
aestetika (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch esthetica (“aesthetic; aesthetics”), from New Latin aesthetica, aestheticus, from Ancient Greek αἰσθητικός (aisthētikós).

bor+

(philosophy) the study or philosophy of beauty

aesthetics
the study or philosophy of beauty

an artist's principles, preferences, and/or his agenda


estetik

èstètik (canonical)
èstètis (alternative)
éstétik (alternative)


etika

From Dutch ethica, from Old French ethique, from Late Latin ethica, from Ancient Greek ἠθική (ēthikḗ), from ἠθικός (ēthikós, “of or for morals, moral, expressing character”), from ἦθος (êthos, “character, moral nature”). Doublet of etik.


lesi

From Dutch lesie, laesie (“lesion”), from Latin laesiō (“injury”).

(medicine) an infected or otherwise injured or diseased organ or part


lektor

lèktor (canonical)
lektor-lektor (plural)

From Dutch lector, from Latin lēctor (“lecturer, reader”).

(education) functional position of lecturer

(education) assistant professor (academic rank)

(education) (senior) assistant professor (academic rank)

(Christianity, male or neutral) lector, a lay person who reads aloud certain religious texts in a church service


ministri

(Christianity) the clergy of nonapostolic Protestant churches


pul

From English pooling, pool, from French poule.


magistrat

magistrat-magistrat (plural)
majistrét (alternative)

From Dutch magistraat, from Latin magistrātus.

magistrate:
high executive state official


makaron

makaron-makaron (plural)
makarun (alternative)

From Dutch makaron, from French macaron, from Italian maccarone.

(cooking) macaron: any of various pastries based on almond and egg white, traditionally made in France


maksimal

From Dutch maximaal, from French maximal, from Latin maximus.


lenga

Inherited from Malay lenga (“sesame”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *leŋa.

Sesamum indicum
Sesamum indicum#Translingual


curi

curi (root)
mencuri (active nominative)
tercuri (nominative passive)
dicuri (nominative passive)
curi (nominative)
curilah (nominative)
mencurikan (active)
dicurikan (passive)
curikan
curikanlah

From Malay curi, from Hindi चोरी (corī, “thief”), from Sanskrit चोर (cora, “thief, robber”) with the root चुर् (cur, “to steal, rob”). Cognate of Javanese ꦕꦺꦴꦫꦃ (corah, “thief, bandit; bad person”), Old Javanese corah, cora (“thief, robber”).

cog

(imperative, colloquial) imperative colloquial of mencuri (“to steal”)


biomassa

Prefixed bio- + massa, from Dutch biomassa.


sinonim

From Dutch synoniem, from Latin synōnymum, from Ancient Greek συνώνυμον (sunṓnumon), neuter singular form of συνώνυμος (sunṓnumos, “synonymous”), from σύν (sún, “with”) + ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”).


antonim

From Dutch antonym, from Ancient Greek ἀντωνυμία (antōnumía), from ἀντί (antí, “against”) + ὄνυμα (ónuma, “name, noun”).


formulator

Borrowed from English formulator, from formulate + -or.


mebel

From Dutch meubel, from Middle Dutch meubel, from Old French meuble (French meuble), from Latin mobilis. Doublet of mobil.


safir

From Dutch saffier, from Middle Dutch saffier, from Latin sapphirus, from Ancient Greek σάπφειρος (sáppheiros).


bisturi

From Dutch bistouri, from French bistouri, from archaic Italian pistorese or pistorino (“from Pistoia”).

(surgery, colloquial) scalpel; blade; medical knife


tirai

tirai-tirai (plural)
mirai (alternative)

From Malay tirai (“curtain”), from Tamil திரை (tirai, “curtain”), from Sanskrit तिरस् (tiras, “apart, across”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *tr̥Hás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tr̥Hás, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂-ós, from *terh₂-. Doublet of trans-.


mikrob

mikrop (canonical)
mikrob-mikrob (plural)
mikroba (alternative nonstandard)

From Dutch microbe, from French microbe. Pronunciation may be influenced by English.


mikrofon

mikrofon-mikrofon (plural)
mikropon (alternative)


nazir

From Arabic نَذِير (naḏīr, “bringer of bad news, herald, legate, apostle, warner”).


nazir

From Classical Persian نَظِیر (nazīr), from Arabic نَظِير (naẓīr). Doublet of nadir.

(Islam) nazir: a group of people or legal entity tasked with maintaining and managing waqf objects

(dated) Alternative spelling of nadir (“inspector, supervisor”)


nazir

(Islam, Christianity) people who vow or pledge


tarif

tarif-tarif (plural)
tarip (alternative)

From Dutch tarief, from French tarif, from Middle French [Term?], from Italian tariffa or Spanish tarifa, from Ottoman Turkish تعرفه (ta'rife), from Persian تعرفه (ta'refe), from Arabic تَعْرِفَة (taʕrifa). Doublet of takrif.


monolog

From Dutch monoloog; ultimately from French monologue.


rapi

head

rapi (comparative lebih rapi, superlative terapi, equative serapi)

lebih rapi (comparative)
terapi (superlative)
serapi (equative)
rapih (alternative nonstandard)

neat (clean; free from dirt or impurities)


mandati

mandati (active memandati, passive dimandati)


M.A.

(education) Abbreviation of Magister Akuntansi.


enfant terrible

Unadapted borrowing from French enfant terrible (literally “badly-behaved child”).

ubor

an unconventional badly-behaved person who causes embarrassment or shock to others

enfant terrible:
(literally) a wild child


badi

From Malay badi, from Persian بدی (badi, “badness”).

(dialect: Riau Malay) itchy skin disease, caused by consuming forbidden foods or because of evil spirits


badai

From Malay badai, from Tamil வாடை (vāṭai, “wind, north wind, chill wind”).


cintai

head

cintai (active mencintai, passive dicintai)


coli

From Javanese ngocok + Javanese peli. Equivalent to blend of mengocok + pelir.


coli

From Malay coli, culi, probably from Hindi चोली (colī).


basi

From Malay basi, perhaps from Tamil வாசி (vāci, “to smell”). Cognate of Tagalog basi (“rice wine”).

banal (too common, having been known for so long, basic)


basi

Probably from Tamil வாசி (vāci, “rate, discount”).


basi

zh-l

盤子／盘子 (pánzi)


filosofi

From Dutch filosofie (“philosophy”), from Old French philosophie, and their source, Latin philosophia, from Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía), from φίλος (phílos, “loving”) + σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”). Doublet of falsafah and filsafat.


gusti

gusti-gusti (plural)
kusti (alternative)

From Javanese ꦒꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦶ (gusti), from Old Javanese gusti, from Sanskrit गोष्ठ (goṣṭha, “Śiva”, literally “cow-shed”).


gusti

From Malay gusti, from Persian کشتی (košti, “wrestling”).


opini

From Dutch opinie, from Middle Dutch opinie, from Old French opinion, from Latin opīniō, from opīnor (“to opine”).

opinion: a belief, judgment or perspective that a person has formed, either through objective or subjective reasoning, about a topic, issue, person or thing


versi

a specific form or variation of something

a translation from one language to another

an account or description from a particular point of view, especially as contrasted with another account


fotografi

From English photography, from French photographie.

photography: the art and technology of producing images on photosensitive surfaces, and its digital counterpart


faktor

faktor-faktor (plural)
paktor (alternative)

From Dutch factor, from Middle Dutch factoor, from Middle French facteur, from Latin factor (“a doer, maker, performer”), from factus (“done or made”), perfect passive participle of faciō (“do, make”).

one of the elements, circumstances, or influences which contribute to produce a result

(mathematics) any of various objects multiplied together to form some whole

influence; a phenomenon that affects the nature, the magnitude, and/or the timing of a consequence


paket

From Dutch pakket, from Middle French pacquet (Modern French paquet), from Dutch pak, from Proto-Germanic *pakkô. Doublet of pak.

a small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel

(computing) a small fragment of data as transmitted on some types of network, notably Ethernet networks

something which is packed, a parcel, a box, an envelope

something which consists of various components, such as a piece of computer software


ceri

From English cherry, from Middle English chery, cherie, chirie, from Anglo-Norman cherise (mistaken as a plural) and Old English ċiris, ċirse (“cherry”), both ultimately from Vulgar Latin ceresia, from Late Latin ceresium, cerasium, from Ancient Greek κεράσιον (kerásion, “cherry fruit”), from κερασός (kerasós, “bird cherry”), and ultimately possibly of Anatolian origin. Mostly replaced both kersen and kers.

a small fruit, usually red, black or yellow, with a smooth hard seed and a short hard stem

Prunus subg. Cerasus
Prunus subg. Cerasus#Translingual

Prunus subg. Cerasus, trees or shrubs that bear cherries


diari

Borrowed from English diary, from Latin diārium (“a daily allowance for soldiers, in Late Latin also ‘diary’”), neuter of *diārius, from diēs (“a day”).

synonym of buku harian (“diary; journal”)


valuta

From Dutch valuta, from Italian valuta (“currency”).


folklor

folklor-folklor (plural)
folklore (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch folklore, from English folklore.

(literature) folklore: the tales, legends, superstitions and traditions of a particular ethnic population


ramai

Inherited from Malay ramai, from Javanese ꦫꦩꦺ (ramé, “noisy, bustling”), from Old Javanese rame, ramya (“beautiful, lovely; joyful, glad; bustling”), from Sanskrit रम्य (ramya, “pleasing”). Doublet of ramah.


cari

mencari (active)
dicari (passive)
cahari (alternative archaic)

From Malay cari, from Sanskrit चारिन् (cārin).

(transitive) to find; to search; to seek (to try to find something whose whereabouts are unknown)


sosial

From Dutch sociaal, from Latin sociālis (“of or belonging to a companion or companionship or association, social”), from socius (“a companion, fellow, partner, associate, ally”), from sequor (“follow”).


ceti

From Malay ceti, from Tamil செட்டி (ceṭṭi, “mercantile class”), from Prakrit 𑀲𑁂𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺 (sĕṭṭhi), from Sanskrit श्रेष्ठिन् (śreṣṭhin, “merchant”).


visi

Borrowed from Dutch visie, from Middle Dutch visie, from Latin vīsiō.

vision (an ideal or a goal toward which one aspires)

(uncommon) vision (the sense or ability of sight)

(uncommon) vision (something seen; an object perceived visually)

Near-synonym: khayalan

vision (something imaginary one thinks one sees)


misteri

mistéri (canonical)
misteri-misteri (plural)

From Dutch mysterie, from Latin mysterium, from Ancient Greek μυστήριον (mustḗrion, “a mystery, a secret, a secret rite”), from μύστης (mústēs, “initiated one”), from μυέω (muéō, “I initiate”), from μύω (múō, “I shut”).

something secret or unexplainable; an unknown

someone or something with an obscure or puzzling nature

(Christianity) a religious truth not understandable by the application of human reason alone (without divine aid)


astronomi

From Dutch astronomie, from Middle Dutch astronomie, from Latin astronomia, from Ancient Greek ἀστρονομία (astronomía).


tipografi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch typografie, from French typographie, from Medieval Latin typographia, from Ancient Greek τυπογράφος (tupográphos, “certified copy”) + -ίᾱ (-íā).


tipe

tipê (canonical)
tipe-tipe (plural)
tipa (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Dutch type, from Latin typus, from Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos, “mark, impression, type”).

type, a grouping based on shared characteristics; a class


introversi

Borrowed from Dutch introversie, from New Latin intrōversio, intrōvertere (“to turn within”), from Classical Latin intro (“within”) and vertere (“to turn”).

(psychology) introversion; orientation towards the self and mental abstraction


inversi

inversi-inversi (plural)
invers (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch inversie, from French inversion.

the action of inverting. Being in an inverted state; being upside down or in a reverse sequence

(grammar) deviation from standard word order by putting the predicate before the subject. It takes place in questions with auxiliary verbs and in normal, affirmative clauses beginning with a negative particle, for the purpose of emphasis

(biochemistry) a chemical reaction converting sucrose into glucose and fructose

(geology) the relative uplift of a previously basinal area resulting from local shortening, in structural geology

(anatomy, kinesiology) movement of the sole towards the median plane

an inverted state: a state in which something has been turned (properly) upside down or (loosely) inside out or backwards

inverse:
the reverse of any procedure or process

(mathematics) a second element which negates a first; in a binary operation, the element for which the binary operation—when applied to both it and an initially given element—yields the operation's identity element

(Standard Malay)

(logic) a type of conditional sentence which is an immediate inference made from another conditional sentence


biografi

Borrowed from Dutch biografie, from French biographie, from Latin biographia, from Ancient Greek βιογραφία (biographía)


pediatri

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch pediatrie.

(medicine) paediatrics, pediatrics: The branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of children and adolescents


andrologi

(medicine) andrology: the branch of medicine concerned with male diseases, especially those affecting the male reproductive system


geriatri

geriatri-geriatri (plural)
geriatrik (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch geriatrie, from French gériatrie, from Ancient Greek γῆρας (gêras, “old age”) (see γέρων (gérōn)) + ἰατρός (iatrós, “physician”); coined in English in 1909 by Ignatz L. Nascher in the New York Medical Journal on the model of pediatrics.

(medicine) geriatrics: The branch of medicine that focuses on health promotion and the prevention and treatment of disease and disability in later life. The term itself can be distinguished from gerontology, which is the study of the aging process itself


manipulator

Internationalism, borrowed from English manipulator.


regio

Either directly borrowed or through Dutch regio, from Latin regio. Doublet of region.

regio abdomen

(anatomy, technical) region a place in or a part of the body in any way indicated


baret

From Betawi barèt, from Javanese ꦧꦼꦫꦺꦠ꧀ (berét, “scratched”).


baret

barèt (canonical)
baret-baret (plural)
bérét (alternative)

From Dutch baret, from Middle French barrete, from dialectal Italian baretta.

a beret, type of cap, also used as part some military uniforms


nego

(slang) apocopic form of negosiasi (“negotiation”)


cula

From Malay cula (“horn”), from Ardhamagadhi Prakrit cūlā, from Sanskrit चूडा (cūḍā).


statistika

Internationalism. Learned borrowing from New Latin statistica.

lbor

statistics: a discipline, principally within applied mathematics, concerned with the systematic study of the collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data


pesta

From Malay pesta, from Portuguese festa, from Old Galician-Portuguese festa, from Late Latin fēsta.

party, a social gathering, a gathering of usually invited guests for entertainment, fun and socializing


kusta

From Malay kusta,
from Classical Malay kusta, from Sanskrit कुष्ठ (kuṣṭha).


magnitudo

magnitudo-magnitudo (plural)
magnitud (alternative)

(seismology) a measure of the energy released by an earthquake (e.g. on the Richter scale)

(astronomy) a logarithmic scale of brightness defined so that a difference of 5 magnitudes is a factor of 100

a ratio of intensity expressed as a logarithm


vimpa

Borrowed from English vimpa, from Medieval Latin vimpa, from Frankish *wimpil, *wimpila (“head scarf”), from Proto-Germanic *wimpilaz, from *wīpaną (“to wind, swing”).


kaktus

From Dutch kaktus (current spelling cactus), from Latin cactus, from Ancient Greek κάκτος (káktos, “cardoon”), of pre-Greek origin.

der

cactus (member of the Cactaceae, or any similar-looking plant)


kalori

From Dutch calorie, from French calorie, from Latin calor.

(nutrition, sports) kilogram calorie, large calorie: A unit of energy 1000 times larger than the gram calorie. It is equivalent to the gram kilocalorie, approximately 4.2 kilojoules

(chemistry, thermodynamics) gram calorie, small calorie: a non-SI unit of energy, equivalent to approximately 4.2 joules. This unit was widely used in chemistry and physics, being the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 °C


katarsis

From Dutch catharsis, from Ancient Greek κάθαρσις (kátharsis, “cleansing, purging”), from καθαίρω (kathaírō, “I cleanse”).

(drama, literature) a release of emotional tension after an overwhelming vicarious experience, resulting in the purging or purification of the emotions, as through watching a dramatic production (especially a tragedy)

(psychology) a therapeutic technique to relieve tension by re-establishing the association of an emotion with the memory or idea of the event that first caused it, and then eliminating it by complete expression (called the abreaction)

(Christianity) a purification or cleansing, especially emotional


katastrofi

From English catastrophe, from French catastrophe, from Latin catastropha, from Ancient Greek καταστροφή (katastrophḗ, “overturning”).

Alternative form of katastrofe (“catastrophe”)


radikal

From Dutch radicaal, from French radical, from Late Latin rādīcālis (“of or pertaining to the root, having roots, radical”), from Latin rādīx (“root”).

(politics) favoring fundamental change, or change at the root cause of a matter


kolega

koléga (canonical)
kolega-kolega (plural)


delusi

délusi (canonical)
delusi-delusi (plural)

a false belief that is resistant to confrontation with actual facts

(psychiatry, psychology) delusion:
the state of being deluded

that which is falsely or delusively believed or propagated; false belief; error in belief


fluida

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch fluïda, the plural form of fluïdum, from Latin fluidus (“flowing; fluid”), fluō (“to flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- (“to swell; surge; overflow; run”).

(physics) fluid: Any substance which can flow with relative ease, tends to assume the shape of its container, and obeys Bernoulli's principle; a liquid, gas or plasma


intensi

intènsi (canonical)
intensi-intensi (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch intentie (“intention”), from Middle French intention, from Old French entencion, borrowed from Latin intentiō, intentiōnem.

bor+

intention
(Catholicism) intention of mass


intensi

Borrowed from English intension, from Latin intēnsiō (“straining, effort; intensifying”), from intēnsus (“stretched”), perfect passive participle of intendō (“strain or stretch toward”).

der

(linguistics) intension, any property or quality connoted by a word, phrase or other symbol, contrasted with actual instances in the real world to which the term applies


astrologi

From Dutch astrologie, from Middle Dutch astrologie, from Latin astrologia (“astronomy”), from Ancient Greek ἀστρολογία (astrología, “telling of the stars”).


akasia

From Dutch acacia, from Latin acacia, from Ancient Greek ἀκακία (akakía, “shittah tree”), from ἀκή (akḗ, “point”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”).


agonia

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀγωνία (agōnía, “emulation, competition, struggle”).


agonia

agonal, relating to the time before death


mitra

Borrowed from Javanese ꦩꦶꦠꦿ (mitra, “close friend”), from Old Javanese mitra (“friend”), from Sanskrit मित्र (mitra, “friend, ally”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *mitrás (“friend”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitrás (literally “(that which) causes binding”). Doublet of mahar and mohor.


mitra

Learned borrowing from Latin mitra (“mitre”), from Ancient Greek μίτρα (mítra, “headband, turban”), maybe from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to bind”) or a loan from an Indo-Iranian source.

der

mitre: a covering for the head, worn on solemn occasions by church dignitaries, which has been made in many forms, mostly recently a tall cap with two points or peaks


tona

From Dutch tonen, plural of toon, from Middle Dutch toon, ultimately from Latin tonus.

(linguistics) tone: the pitch of a word that distinguishes a difference in meaning, for example in Chinese


ekonomi

ékonomi (canonical)
ekonomi-ekonomi (plural)

From Dutch economie (“economics, economy”).

economics; the study of resource allocation, distribution and consumption

economy; effective management of the resources of a community or system


eksodus

Borrowed from Dutch exodus (“exodus”), from Latin exodus, from Ancient Greek ἔξοδος (éxodos, “expedition, procession, departure”).

exodus: A sudden departure of a large number of people


euforia

Internationalism, learned borrowing from New Latin euphoria, from Ancient Greek εὐφορίᾱ (euphoríā), from εὔφορος (eúphoros, “bearing well”), from εὐ- (eu-, “well”) + φέρω (phérō, “to bear”).

lbor

euphoria: an excited state of joy; a feeling of intense happiness


pelit

Borrowed from Betawi pelit (“stingy”), probably from Sundanese pelit (“deceiving, fraudulent”).


tulen

From Malay tulen, from Javanese ꦠꦸꦭꦺꦤ꧀ (tulèn).

genuine: not counterfeit, false, or adulterated


pahat

From Malay pahat, from Classical Malay ڤاهت (pahat), from Old Malay [script needed] (pāhat), from Proto-Malayic *pahət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqət (“chisel”).

chisel: a cutting tool used to remove parts of stone, wood or metal by pushing or pounding the back when the sharp edge is against the material. It consists of a slim, oblong block of metal with a sharp wedge or bevel formed on one end and sometimes a handle at the other end


panen

Possibly borrowed from Javanese panen, from a circumfixed form of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qanih, from Proto-Austronesian *qaniS. The change in form can be reanalyzed as an affixation of *ani + per- -an.

harvest (the yield of harvesting, i.e., the gathered crops or fruits)


lunta

From Sanskrit लुण्टा (luṇṭā, “bobbing, rolling”).

terlunta-lunta [reduplication + agentless action]


tulisi

head

tulisi (active menulisi, passive ditulisi)

Diakah yang menulisi papan ini?


katan

cut: an opening resulting from cutting; an incision or wound; specifically from sharp objects


Habel

From Ancient Greek Ἅβελ (Hábel), from Biblical Hebrew הֶבֶל (heḇel, “breath, vapor; vanity”), possibly from Akkadian 𒌉𒍑 (ablu, “son”).


gawang

Inherited from Malay gawang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gawaŋ (“gate, opening”), *-waŋ (“wide open space”).


cabo

From Xiamen Hokkien 查某 (tsa-bó͘, “woman”).

(chiefly Jakarta, vulgar) prostitute; whore


suun

sohun (alternative)
soun (alternative)
so'un (alternative)
so-un (alternative)
su'un (alternative)
su-un (alternative)

cellophane noodles; Chinese rice vermicelli noodles


lakon

Reconstructed as laku + -an, from Javanese ꦭꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (lakon). Doublet of lakuan.


polan

polan-polan (plural)
fulan (alternative)

From Malay polan, fulan, from Classical Malay فلان, ڤولن, from Arabic فُلَان (fulān, “so-and-so”).

A placeholder name for an unknown person; so-and-so


kurun

Inherited from Malay kurun, from Arabic قَرْن (qarn).


kolon

Learned borrowing from Latin cŏlon (“large intestine”), from Ancient Greek κόλον (kólon, “the large intestine, also food, meat, fodder”).


kanit

(law enforcement) acronym of kepala unit.


pakat

From Malay pakat, from rebracketing of earlier mupakat, from Arabic مُوَافَقَة (muwāfaqa).


parit

Inherited from Malay parit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pariʔ.

an excavation from which ore or solid minerals are taken, especially one consisting of underground tunnels

a device intended to explode when stepped upon or touched, or when approached by a ship, vehicle, or person


uman

From Javanese ꦲꦸꦩꦤ꧀ (uman, “tongue-lashing”), from Old Javanese *uman (“to abuse; to blame”).


antropologi

From Dutch antropologie, from New Latin anthropologia, from Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “man, mankind, human, humanity”) + -λογία (-logía).


satelit

satêlit (canonical)
satelit-satelit (plural)

From Dutch satelliet, perhaps from French satellite, from Latin satellitem (accusative singular of satelles (“attendant”)).

Near-synonym: bulan

(moon) satellite (a moon or other smaller body orbiting a larger one)

(spacecraft) satellite (a man-made apparatus designed to be placed in orbit around a celestial body)

satellite (a country, state, office, building etc. under the control of another body)

Near-synonym: asisten

(uncommon) satellite (an attendant on an important person)


albas

From Dutch albast (“alabaster”), from Latin alabaster (“box for perfume made of alabaster”), from Ancient Greek ἀλάβαστρος (alábastros), from earlier ἀλάβαστος (alábastos, “vase made of alabaster”). This may further derive from Egyptian ꜥj-r-bꜣstjt (“vessel of the Egyptian goddess Bast”).

der

alabaster: a fine-grained white or lightly-tinted variety of gypsum, used ornamentally


mortalitas

mortalitas-mortalitas (plural)
mortaliti (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin mortālitās.

mortality:
the state or quality of being mortal

(demography) deaths resulting from an event (such as a war, epidemic or disaster)

(demography, epidemiology) the number of deaths per given unit of population over a given period of time


fatalis

id-noun

fatalis (plural fatalis-fatalis or para fatalis)

fatalis-fatalis (plural)
para fatalis (plural)

Internationalism (see English fatalist). Equivalent to fatal + -is.

fatalist; person who believes in fatalism


gramatika

Borrowed from Dutch grammatica, from Latin grammatica, from Ancient Greek γραμματική (grammatikḗ, “skilled in writing”), from γράμμα (grámma, “line of writing”), from γράφω (gráphō, “write”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerebh- (“to scratch”).

der

a system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language

a book describing the rules of grammar of a language

the study of the internal structure of words (morphology) and the use of words in the construction of phrases and sentences (syntax)


makrokosmos

Affixed kosmos + makro-, borrowed from Dutch macrokosmos, from Medieval Latin macrocosmus, from Ancient Greek μακρός (makrós, “long, great, grand”) + κόσμος (kósmos, “universe, order”).


imut

Borrowed from Sundanese imut (“to smile”).


anomali

From Dutch anomalie, from French anomalie, from Ancient Greek ἀνωμαλία (anōmalía, “disaccord”).

der

(linguistics, politics) a deviation from a rule or from what is regarded as normal; an outlier

(physics, biology) any event or measurement that is out of the ordinary regardless of whether it is exceptional or not

(biology, medicine) a defect or malformation


kanan

Inherited from Malay kanan, from Proto-Malayic *kanan (compare Malay kanan), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ka-)wanan (compare Ilocano kannawan, Kapampangan uanan, Tagalog kanan), from Proto-Austronesian *(ka-)wanaN.

Kanan, kawan.

(politics) the ensemble of right-wing political parties; political conservatives as a group


padat

From Malay padat, from Classical Malay padat.

(Standard Malay)

(physics, chemistry, of an object or substance) that can be picked up or held, having a texture, and usually firm. Unlike a liquid or a gas

pulau terpadat di dunia

the most densely populated island in the world


padan

Affixed pada (“adequate, enough, sufficient, satisfactory”) + -an, inherited from Malay ڤادن (padan).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">padan</i>


padan

right, suitable, well-suited, fit, fitting


padan

boundary lines that or places for throwing stones in throwing games


padan

Unknown, probably borrowed from Betawi [Term?]


sensori

sensorik (alternative)
sensoris (alternative)


ligamen

ligamèn (canonical)
ligamen-ligamen (plural)
liɡamən (alternative)

From Dutch ligament, from Latin ligāmentum.


Aga

From Ottoman Turkish آغا (aghā, agha) (Turkish ağa), from Proto-Turkic *āka (“elder (brother)”).

an honorific for high officials used in Turkey, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and certain Muslim countries


Aga

From Balinese ᬳᬕ, from Proto-Austronesian *ága (“early, punctual”). Compare to Tagalog ága (“earliness”).


macan

Panthera tigris
Panthera tigris#Translingual


tutut

Pila ampullacea, a species of freshwater snail


turut

turut (root)
menurut (active nominative)
terturut (nominative passive)
diturut (nominative passive)
turut (nominative)
turutlah (nominative)
menuruti (active)
terturuti (passive)
dituruti (passive)
turuti
turutilah
menurutkan (active)
terturutkan (passive)
diturutkan (passive)
turutkan
turutkanlah
memperturut (active causative nominative)
terperturut (causative nominative passive)
diperturut (causative nominative passive)
perturut (causative nominative)
perturutlah (causative nominative)
memperturuti (active causative)
terperturuti (causative passive)
diperturuti (causative passive)
perturuti (causative)
perturutilah (causative)
memperturutkan (active causative)
terperturutkan (causative passive)
diperturutkan (causative passive)
perturutkan (causative)
perturutkanlah (causative)

Inherited from Malay turut, from Classical Malay توروت (turut), from Proto-Malayic *turut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuʀut. Doublet of patut and anut.

to join in; to take part in (doing something with others)


eksem

eksem-eksem (plural)
eksim (alternative)
ekzema (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch eczeem (“eczema”), from New Latin eczema, from Ancient Greek ἔκζεμα (ékzema, “rash”).

(dermatology, pathology) eczema: a non-contagious acute or chronic inflammation of the skin, characterized by redness, itching, and the outbreak of oozing vesicular lesions which become encrusted and scaly


Gabriella

Gabriella Ekaputri, b. 2001

a female given name from Italian, equivalent to English Gabrielle


grafika

the making of architectural or design drawings


patologi

From Dutch pathologie, from French pathologie, from Ancient Greek πάθος (páthos, “disease”) and -λογία (-logía, “study of”).

(medicine) the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the nature of disease and its causes, processes, development, and consequences

(medicine) the medical specialty that provides microscopy and other laboratory services (e.g., cytology, histology) to clinicians

pathosis: any deviation from a healthy or normal structure or function; abnormality; illness or malformation


acai

Internationalism,
Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese açaí.

etymon

(botany) acai: any of several South American palms, of the genus Euterpe, having a dark purple drupe


lokus

Learned borrowing from Latin locus (“a place”). Doublet of lokasi.

lbor

(genetics) a fixed position on a chromosome that may be occupied by one or more genes

(mathematics) the set of all points whose coordinates satisfy a given equation or condition


dingdong

(video games) an establishment that runs coin-operated games


emisi

From Dutch emissie, from Middle French émission, from Latin ēmissiō (“sending forth”), from ēmittō (“send out”), from ex (“from, out of”) + mittō (“send”).

emission, release,
(physics) of electromagnetic radiation

emission, release,
of electromagnetic radiation

emission, release,
(economics) of securities

emission, release,
(finance) of banknote


permisi

permisi-permisi (plural)
permissie (alternative)

From Dutch permissie, Middle Dutch permissie, from Middle French permission, from Latin permissio.

authorisation; consent (especially formal consent from someone in authority)

leave: permission to be absent; time away from one's work


permisi

said as a polite request for an individual's attention; to pass, to apologize for one's inconvenience, equivalent to pardon, or excuse me


naamloze vennootschap

id-noun

naamloze vennootschap (plural naamloze-naamloze vennootschap)

naamloze-naamloze vennootschap (plural)
NV (alternative initialism)

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch naamloze vennootschap (“public limited company, corporation”, literally “anonymous company”).

ubor

public limited company
public limited company

(business, law) public limited company, corporation


sirkus

sirkus-sirkus (plural)
sarkas (alternative)

From Dutch circus, from Latin circus. Cognate of Afrikaans sirkus.

circus (company of performers; place where this company performs)


ares

From Malay arres, from Dutch arrest (“arrest”), from Middle Dutch arrest, from Old French arest or arester (“to stay, stop”), from Vulgar Latin *arrestare, from Latin ad- (“to”) + restare (“to stop, remain behind, stay back”), from re- (“back”) + stare (“to stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).

der

(colloquial) arrest, the process of arresting


zen

From Japanese 禅 (ぜん, zen), from Middle Chinese 禪 (MC dzyen) (compare Mandarin 禅 (chán), an abbreviation of 禪那 (MC dzyen na), from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, “a type of meditation”). Akin to dhyana.


vigili

From Latin vigil, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be strong, lively, awake”). Doublet of baja.

(Catholicism) vigil, the eve of a religious festival in which staying awake is part of the ritual devotions


AN

(education) Initialism of asesmen nasional (“national assessment”).


rekan

rekan-rekan (plural)
rakan (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Malay rakan, rekan, from Classical Malay rakan, rekan, probably from Tamil ராகம் (rākam) and Sanskrit राग (rāga).


rekan

Probably a hypercorrection of reken (“to count”), a borrowing from Dutch reken, rekenen.


rekat

rêkat (canonical)
merekat (active)
direkat (passive)

(intransitive) to stick (to become or remain attached)

(transitive) to stick (to attach with glue or as if by gluing)


telan

head

telan (active menelan, reflexive passive tertelan, ordinary passive ditelan, imperative telan, emphatic-jussive telanlah)

menelan (active)
tertelan (passive reflexive)
telan (imperative)
telan (root)
menelan (active nominative)
tertelan (nominative passive)
ditelan (nominative passive)
telan (nominative)
telanlah (nominative)

Inherited from Malay telan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tələn (“to swallow”).


elusi

→ Malay: elusi

(analytical chemistry) elution: the process of removing materials that are absorbed with a solvent


Nadine

Nadine Chandrawinata, b. 1984


Nadia

Borrowed from French Nadia, either from Arabic نَادِيَا (nādiyā) or Russian На́дя (Nádja).

Nadia Omara, b. 1992


kera

From Malay kera, from Classical Malay کرا (kĕra).

Maka héwan hoetanpoen djarang meréka berdjoempa dalam perdjalanannja, hanjalah matjam-matjam kera jang banjak dilihatnja berlontjat-lontjatan didahan kajoe dan memboeat roepa-roepa tingkah lakoe jang amat mentertawakan Passepartout.

1922, Mengelilingi Doenia Dalam 80 Hari:

So they rarely met forest animals on they journey, only a variety of monkeys that they saw jumping on the branches of trees and making various kinds of behavior that made Passepartout laugh.

a primate of the clade Hominoidea, generally larger than monkeys and distinguished from them by having no tail; ape


akun

akun-akun (plural)
akaun (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

* From Dutch account (“account”), from English account, from Middle English, from Anglo-Norman acunte (“account”), from Old French aconte, from aconter (“to reckon”), from Latin computō (“to sum up”).
* The management meaning is a semantic loan from English account (“account”).

semantic loan

(computing) a subscription or an authorization to an electronic service

(accounting, management) a registry of pecuniary transactions; a written or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits, and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review


alun

Inherited from Malay alun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qalun.


pola

From Malay pola, from Old Javanese pola (“design”), polah (“conduct, behaviour, doings, undertaking”) (cf. pa- + ulah, hence equivalent to peng- + olah/ulah), olah/ulah (“action, activity”). Doublet of polah. Compare to Indonesian olah (“method, process”), ulah (“behavior, manners, ways”).

pola makan

pola pikir


pola

a tool for binding bark, made of old black wood


koen

From Suroboyoan Javanese koen (“you”). Doublet of kowe.

(slang, Surabaya) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours


urut

Inherited from Malay urut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quʀut.


suri

Inherited from Malay suri (“comb”), probably from Old Javanese suri, suruy (“comb”).


suri

Inherited from Malay suri (“queen”), probably from Sanskrit ईश्वरी (īśvarī).


suri

(archaic) Alternative spelling of sore (“the second half of the afternoon; the time of the day from around 3pm until sunset”)


koin

(numismatics) a piece of currency, usually metallic and in the shape of a disc, but sometimes polygonal, or with a hole in the middle

(cryptocurrencies) a cryptocurrency; a cryptocoin


puki

From Malay puki, from Proto-Malayic *puki, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puki, from Proto-Austronesian *puki.


tom yam

From Thai ต้มยำ (dtôm-yam, literally “boil mixture”).

bor

(cooking) tom yam: a Thai soup flavoured with fish sauce, lemongrass, lime juice, and chillies


dupa

From Malay dupa, from Classical Malay دوڤا (dupa), from Sanskrit धूप (dhūpa).


Sabrina

Popularity likely inspired from Arabic صَابْرِينَا (ṣābrīnā) based on Arabic root ص ب ر (ṣ b r), folk etymologized form of earlier سَابْرِينَا (sābrīnā) (now mostly limited to non-Arabs with the name), from English Sabrina.

Arabic صَابْرِينَا (ṣābrīnā)

a female given name from Arabic [in turn from English], equivalent to English Sabrina


sepuluh

From Malay sepuluh, from Proto-Malayic *sA-puluh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sa-puluq, from Proto-Austronesian *sa-puluq. Equivalent to se- + puluh.


aktin

a globular structural protein that polymerizes in a helical fashion to form an actin filament (or microfilament)

(biochemistry) actin:
one of the six isoforms of actin


lipan

Inherited from Malay lipan, from Proto-Malayic *hAlilipan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qalu-hipan, from Proto-Austronesian *qalu-Sipan.


salin

Inherited from Malay salin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salin (“pour from one vessel into another; translate, interpret”).

inh

(obstetrics, uncommon) birth, delivery (the act of giving birth)

(chiefly dialectal) spent fish, exhausted as a result of having deposit eggs


salin

head

salin (basic-imperative salin, active menyalin, passive disalin)

Berkasnya sudah disalin di percetakan sana.

The file has been copied at the printing house there.


salin

(dialectal, Sunda) to prepare the ceremonial equipment, for harvesting paddy complete with offerings


kulot

From French culotte, feminine derivative of culot.

culottes: a type of loose shorts which look like a skirt; a divided skirt


tukin

tunjangan kinerja
tunjangan kinerja#Indonesian


asetat

asétat (canonical)
asetat-asetat (plural)


refleksi

Borrowed from Dutch reflectie (“reflection”), from Middle French reflexion, reflection, from Late Latin reflexio, from the participle stem of reflectere.

bor+

the act of reflecting or the state of being reflected

the property of a propagated wave being thrown back from a surface (such as a mirror)

something, such as an image, that is reflected

(philosophy) careful thought or consideration

reflection:
careful thought or consideration

reflection:
(philosophy) an implied criticism

(computing) the process or mechanism of determining the capabilities of an object at run-time

(biology, rare) reflex: an automatic response to a simple stimulus which does not require mental processing


manti

From Minangkabau [Term?], from Pali mantī (“minister”), from Sanskrit मन्त्री (mantrī). Doublet of mandarin, mantri, and menteri.

doublet

alternative spelling of menteri (“minister”)


manti

From Turkish mantı or Ottoman Turkish مانطی with possible cognate of Chinese 饅頭／馒头 (mántou).

(cooking) manti: A type of dumpling served in Turkish, Armenian and Central Asian cuisine


makaroni

Borrowed from Dutch macaroni, from Italian maccaroni, obsolete variant of maccheroni (“macaroni”), plural of maccherone.

(cooking) macaroni: A type of pasta in the form of short tubes; sometimes loosely, pasta in general


dosis

Learned borrowing from Late Latin dosis (“dose”) (influenced by Dutch dosis (“dose”)), from Ancient Greek δόσις (dósis, “a portion prescribed”, literally “a giving”), used by Galen and other Greek physicians to mean an amount of medicine, from Proto-Hellenic *dótis, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃tis. Doublet of dus.

der

(Standard Malay)

(medicine, pharmacology) a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time

(Standard Malay)

(nuclear physics, radiology) the quantity of an agent (not always active) substance or radiation administered at any one time

(Standard Malay)

dosing: the administration of a medication etc, in a measured amount


setia

From Malay setia, from Sanskrit सत्य (satya, “true, truth”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hsatyám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsatyás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sn̥t-yó-s, from *h₁sónts, from *h₁es- (“to be”). Doublet of satya.

janji setia

pledge of allegiance, promise of loyalty


linguis

linguist (one who studies linguistics or skilled in languages)


alam

Inherited from Malay alam, from Classical Malay عالم (alam), from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

universe: the sum of everything that exists in the cosmos, including time and space itself

nature: the natural world; that which consists of all things unaffected by or predating human technology, production, and design

realm: a territory or state, as ruled by a specific power, especially by a king


alam

From Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam, “flag, banner; authority, distinguished man”).

an official of religious affairs in Banten and Madura


alis

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦭꦶꦱ꧀ (alis),
from Old Javanese hālis.


horas

Borrowed from Toba Batak horas (“healthy”), from Proto-Batak *kəras, ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas (“hard”). Doublet of keras.


replika

From Dutch replica, from Italian replica, derived from Latin replicare (“to copy”).


refleks

rèflèks (canonical)
refleks-refleks (plural)
reflek (alternative)

From Dutch reflex, from French réflexe, from Latin reflexus.

(physiology, psychology) reflex, an automatic response to a simple stimulus which does not require mental processing


sirop

sirop-sirop (plural)
sirup (alternative)
sirap (alternative)

From Dutch siroop, from Middle Dutch siroop, from Old French sirop, from Medieval Latin siruppus, syrupus, from Arabic شَرَاب (šarāb, “a drink, beverage, wine, coffee, syrup”), from شَرِبَ (šariba, “to drink”).

der

any thick liquid that has a high sugar content and which is added to or poured over food as a flavouring


semut

From Malay semut, from Classical Malay سموت (semut), from Aslian, from Proto-Austroasiatic *smuːcʔ (“ant”).


ontologi

From Dutch ontologie, from New Latin ontologia, from Ancient Greek ὄντος (óntos) + λόγος (lógos).

(uncountable, philosophy) the branch of metaphysics that addresses the nature or essential characteristics of being and of things that exist; the study of being qua being

(uncountable, philosophy) in a subject view, or a world view, the set of conceptual or material things or classes of things that are recognised as existing, or are assumed to exist in context, and their interrelations; in a body of theory, the ontology comprises the domain of discourse, the things that are defined as existing, together with whatever emerges from their mutual implications

(countable, philosophy) the theory of a particular philosopher or school of thought concerning the fundamental types of entity in the universe

(logic) a logical system involving theory of classes, developed by Stanislaw Lesniewski (1886-1939)

(countable, computer science, information science) a structure of concepts or entities within a domain, organized by relationships; a system model


tongkrongan

hangout (a place for hanging out; an informal meeting-place)


onderbouw

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch onderbouw (“foundation (of construction or education)”).

ubor

(literally, architecture, civil engineering) foundation of building


divisi

divisi-divisi (plural)
divisie (alternative)
divisyen (alternative)

→ Malay: divisi

From Dutch divisie, from Old French division, from Latin divisio, divisionem. Cognate to Afrikaans divisie.

(military) a large military unit, usually with over 15,000 soldiers and divided into brigades

division,
(business) a section of a company

division,
(sports) a part of a sports competition

division,
a part of a sports competition

(biology) a rank below kingdom and above class, particularly used of plants or fungi, also (particularly of animals) called a phylum; a taxon at that rank


medis

medikal (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

medical: of or pertaining to the practice of medicine


invasi

From Dutch invasie, from Middle French invasion, from Latin invāsiō.

(military) invasion, a military action consisting of armed forces of one geopolitical entity entering territory controlled by another such entity, generally with the objective of conquering territory or altering the established government


entrenador

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish entrenador (“manager (UK), coach (US)”, literally “trainer”).


fusi

From Dutch fusie, from Middle French fusion, from Latin fusionem (the accusative of fusio), from fusus, past participle of fundere (“pour, melt”).

(physics) a nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the concomitant release of energy

(genetics) the result of the hybridation of two genes which originally coded for separate proteins

(cytology) the process by which two distinct lipid bilayers merge their hydrophobic core, resulting in one interconnected structure

(business) the legal union of two or more corporations into a single entity, typically assets and liabilities being assumed by the buying party

(phonology) a type of sound change where two or more sounds merge into one


transfusi

Affixed trans- + fusi, borrowed from Dutch transfusie, from Latin transfusiō.


etiket

ètikèt (canonical)
etiket-etiket (plural)


etiket

From Dutch etiquette, ultimately from French étiquette.

the forms required by a good upbringing, or prescribed by authority, to be observed in social or official life; observance of the proprieties of rank and occasion; conventional decorum; ceremonial code of polite society

the customary behavior of members of a profession, business, law, or sports team towards each other


kurban

kurban-kurban (plural)
korban (alternative)

From Malay korban, from Arabic قُرْبَان (qurbān), from Aramaic קורבנא (qurbānā). Cognate to Hebrew קָרְבָּן (qorbān). Doublet of korban.

(Islam) the ritual sacrifice at Eid ul-Adha

victim, a living being slain and offered as a sacrifice, usually in a religious rite.


suasa

a kind of metal, made up mixed of copper and gold


impresi

From Dutch impressie, from French impression, from Latin impressio.
* Semantic loan from English impression for philosophical sense.

(anatomy) the indentation or depression made by the pressure of one object on or into another

the overall effect of something, e.g., on a person

(philosophy) the vivid perception of something as it is experienced, in contrast to ideas or thoughts drawn from memory or the imagination


sepatu

sêpatu (canonical)
sepatu-sepatu (plural)

Inherited from Malay sepatu, from Portuguese sapato.


abrasi

From Dutch abrasie, from French abrasion (attested since 1611), from Medieval Latin abrasio (“a scraping”), from Latin abrādō (“scrape off”).

(Standard Malay)

the act of abrading, wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction

(geology) the effect of mechanical erosion of rock, especially a river bed, by rock fragments scratching and scraping it

(medicine) a superficial wound caused by scraping; an area of skin where the cells on the surface have been scraped or worn away


resi

rêsi (canonical)
resi-resi (plural)
resu (alternative)

receipt, a written acknowledgment that a specified article or sum of money has been received


resi

From Malay resi, from Sanskrit ऋषि (ṛṣi).


resi

From Malay resi, from Pali rasa, from Sanskrit रस (rasa). Doublet of raksa, raksi, and rasa.


renda

From Malay renda, from Portuguese renda, from Spanish randa, probably from Proto-Germanic *randiz, *randōn (“edge, rim”). Doublet of rendah.


rodi

rodi-rodi (plural)
ordi (alternative)
wardi (alternative nonstandard)

From earlier ordi, from Old Galician-Portuguese ordin, from Latin ordo. Doublet of orde, order, ordi, and ordo.

corvee: unpaid labor required by a feudal lord


erosi

From Dutch erosie, from French érosion, from Latin ērōsiō.

the changing of a surface by mechanical action, friction, thermal expansion contraction, or impact

(geology) the result of having been worn away or eroded, as by a glacier on rock or the sea on a cliff face

(medicine) a shallow ulceration or lesion, usually involving skin or epithelial tissue

(dentistry) loss of tooth enamel due to non-bacteriogenic chemical processes


habitus

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch habitus, from Latin habitus.

habitus, habit (the general shape, appearance, or characteristic)

(sociology) habitus (the lifestyle, etc. of particular social groups)

habit (an action performed repeatedly and automatically, usually without awareness)


siri

Borrowed from Buginese ᨔᨗᨑᨗ (siri, “principle; honour; shame, dishonour”).

bor+

principle and honour (of South Sulawesi people)


akrasia

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀκρασία (akrasía, “lacking command (over oneself)”).


cili

From Dutch chili, from Spanish chili, from Classical Nahuatl chīlli.

chili pepper: any fruit of a plant of the botanical genus Capsicum, which has a spicy/burning flavour because it contains capsaicin


dispersi

From Dutch dispersie, from Old French dispersion, from Latin dispertio.

dispersedness: the state of being dispersed

(Standard Malay)

(optics) the separation of visible light by refraction or diffraction


kolonel

kolonèl (canonical)
kolonel-kolonel (plural)


kurus

From Malay kurus, from Sanskrit कृश (kṛśa, “thin”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kr̥śás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥ćás (“thin”), from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥ḱós (“thin, emaciated”), from *kerḱ- (“to wane, become thin”).


embus

êmbus (canonical)
hembus (alternative proscribed)

Inherited from Malay embus, from Classical Malay همبوس (hembus), from Proto-Malayic *həmbus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qəmbus (“blow hard; snort, pant”).


embus

(intransitive) to blow (to produce an air current)


soya

From Dutch soja, from Japanese そや (soya), topicalized form of そい (soi), itself the Kagoshima dialectal form of Japanese 醤油 (shōyu, “soy sauce”), from Chinese 醬油 /酱油 (jiàngyóu).


insan

From Malay insan, from Arabic إِنْسَان (ʔinsān).


TIC

(tourism) initialism of tourist information centre.


meses

From Dutch muisjes (“a type of sprinkles”, literally “mice”) (later becoming a false friend of it), muis (“mouse”), from Middle Dutch muus, from Old Dutch *mūs, from Proto-Germanic *mūs.

bor

(cooking) hagelslag (a kind of chocolate granules sprinkled on slices of buttered bread or rusks)


damas

From Dutch damast, from Middle Dutch damst, from Middle French damas or Italian damasto, named after Damascus, the Syrian city it originates from.


telis

Internationalism, borrowed from English telic, from the Ancient Greek τελῐκός (telĭkós, “final”), τέλος (télos, “end”).

uder

(grammar) that expresses an end or purpose

(linguistics) that expresses the perfective aspect

telic:
that expresses the perfective aspect


debet

From Dutch debet, from Middle French debet (Modern French débit), from Latin dēbitum (“what is owed, a debt”).

(accounting, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of debit (“debit, receivable”)


liberalis

libêralis (canonical)
liberalis-liberalis (plural)

Affixed liberal + -is, from Dutch liberalist.


torsi

From Dutch torsie, from French torsion, from Late Latin torsio, from Latin torqueō (“twist, turn”).


miskal

Inherited from Malay miskal, from Arabic مِثْقَال (miṯqāl, “weight, unit of weight”).

der

mithqal, a unit of measure for weighing gold or silver, equivalent to around 4,2 grams


kanon

Ultimately from Ancient Greek κανών (kanṓn). Doublet of kanun and qanun.
* For sense of land lease tax, via Arabic قَانُون (qānūn, “tax, law”).
* For sense in music and Christianity, via Dutch canon, from Old French canon, from Latin canōn.

(music) a piece of music in which the same melody is played by different voices, but beginning at different times; a round

(Christianity, literature) the works of a writer that have been accepted as authentic


kanon

From Dutch kanon, from Old French canon, from Italian cannone, from Latin canna, from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na). Doublet of kanal.


blek

From Javanese blek, from Dutch blik (“tin can”). Cognate to Japanese ブリキ (buriki, “tinplate”).


agens

agèns (canonical)
agens-agens (plural)
agen (alternative)
agén (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch agens, from Latin agēns. Doublet of agen.

(biology) an active power or cause or substance; something (e.g. biological, chemical, thermal, etc.) that has the power to produce an effect

(linguistics, grammar) the participant of a situation that carries out the action in this situation


stringendo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian stringendo (“tightening”).


-isme

Internationalism, from Dutch -isme, from Middle French -isme, from Latin -ismus, from Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós).


es krim

From English ice cream. Modelled after Malay aiskrim.


distorsi

Borrowed from Dutch distorsie (“distortion”), from French [Term?], from Latin distortio, distortionis, distortus.

bor+

distortion
a misrepresentation of the truth

(acoustics) noise or other artifacts caused in the electronic reproduction of sound or music

(optics, radiology) an aberration that causes magnification to change over the field of view

(medicine) the state of being twisted out of a natural or normal shape or position


lokal

From Dutch lokaal, from Old French local, from Late Latin localis (“belonging to a place”), from Latin locus (“a place”).


purina

purina-purina (plural)
purin (alternative)

Internationalism, inherited from Malay purina, from German Purin.

(organic chemistry) purine: Any of a class of organic heterocyclic compounds, composed of fused pyrimidine and imidazole rings, that constitute one of the two groups of organic nitrogenous bases (the other being the pyrimidines) and are components of nucleic acids


modernisme

modernism, any of several styles of art, architecture, literature, philosophy, etc., that flourished in the 20th century


DKP

ketahanan pangan
ketahanan pangan#Indonesian

Initialism of dinas ketahanan pangan (“department of food security”).

Initialism of dinas kelautan dan perikanan (“department of marine affair and fisheries”).


perda

peraturan daerah
peraturan daerah#Indonesian


entot

[ˈɛn.t̪ɔt̪̚]

Borrowed from Betawi èntot (“to copulate”). Compare Tagalog kantot.

bor+

(offensive, vulgar slang) to make love, to fuck


honorer

From Dutch honorair, from French honoraire, from Latin honorarius.

given as an honor/honour, with no duties attached, and without payment

describes the holder of a position or title that is assigned to him as a special honor rather than by normal channels


awal

Inherited from Malay awal, from Classical Malay awal (“early”), from Arabic أَوَّل (ʔawwal).


awal

saldo awal


kiting

two fingers or toes that attached to each other


dimpling

(medicine) dimpling: the formation of a dimple


miring

From Malay miring.
* The sense of cursive or italic scripts are semantic loan from Chinese 斜體／斜体 (xiétǐ, “italics, slanting script”).


miring

id-conj-base

The verb form termiring rather means as a superlative (paling, ...) instead of an accidental, but still means as accidentals in transitivized forms (causative, locative, benefactive, and its combinations).

miring (root)
memiring (active nominative)
termiring (nominative passive)
dimiring (nominative passive)
miring (nominative)
miringlah (nominative)
memiringi (active)
termiringi (passive)
dimiringi (passive)
miringi
miringilah
memiringkan (active)
termiringkan (passive)
dimiringkan (passive)
miringkan
miringkanlah
mempermiring (active causative nominative)
terpermiring (causative nominative passive)
dipermiring (causative nominative passive)
permiring (causative nominative)
permiringlah (causative nominative)
mempermiringi (active causative)
terpermiringi (causative passive)
dipermiringi (causative passive)
permiringi (causative)
permiringilah (causative)
mempermiringkan (active causative)
terpermiringkan (causative passive)
dipermiringkan (causative passive)
permiringkan (causative)
permiringkanlah (causative)


servis

From Dutch service, from French service, from Old French servise, borrowed from Latin servitium, from servus.

service
act of being of assistance to someone

(sports, tennis) act of initially serving the ball

service
act of initially serving the ball


servis

head

servis (active menyervis, passive diservis)

(transitive) to service (to perform improvement or maintenance)

(ditransitive, sports) to serve (to lead off with the first delivery over the net in tennis, volleyball, ping pong, badminton etc.)


luring

Blend of luar (“outside”) + jaringan (“network”).


romantik

From Malay romantik, from English romantic or Dutch romantiek, from Late Latin romanticus (“(of a poem) having qualities of a romance”).


karateka

From Japanese 空手家 (からてか, karateka, “karate practitioner”).


neto

From Dutch netto, from Vulgar Latin *nittus < *nit'dus, from syncopation of classical Latin nitidus.

net, free from extraneous substances, remaining after expenses or deductions


agraria

From Latin āgrāria, Latin agrarius (“of the land”), ager (“field”) + -arius via Dutch agrarische Weg (Netherlands Indies Agrarian Law of 1870).


atlet

atlet-atlet (plural)
atlit (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch atleet, from Latin āthlēta, from Ancient Greek ἀθλητής (athlētḗs).

athlete, a person who actively participates in physical sports, esp. one highly skilled in sports


atletik

From Dutch atletiek, from German Athletik.

athletics, a group of sporting activities including track and field, road running, cross country and racewalking


atribut

From Dutch attribuut, from French attribut, from Latin attributum.

attribute,
a characteristic or quality of a thing

(grammar) a word that qualifies a noun, a qualifier

(archaeology) a characteristic or quality of an artifact

(figurative) paraphernalia, miscellaneous items, especially the set of equipment required for a particular activity; stuff


atrofi

From Dutch atrofie, from Latin atrophia.


anco

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦚ꧀ꦕꦺꦴ (anco, “long stem fishing net”).

bor+

a rectangular fishing net with a frame made of bamboo, used by immersing it in water and lifting it to the surface after it is filled with fish


profesional

professional (of, pertaining to, or in accordance with the standards of a profession)

professional (that is carried out for money, especially as a livelihood)


autograf

autograf-autograf (plural)
otograf (alternative)

a person’s own handwriting, especially the signature of a famous or admired person.

a person's signature used as a mark of formal approval.

a manuscript in the author’s handwriting.

(surgery) autotransplantation: the transplantation of organs, tissues, or even particular proteins from one part of the body to another in the same person


patra

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦠꦿ (patra, “leaf”), from Old Javanese patra, pattra (“wing; feather; leaf, petal; letter, document; plate of metal or gold-leaf”), from Sanskrit पत्त्र (pattra, “leaf; paper; letter; document; wing; blade”).

der

part of the carving on the keris sheath which is in the form of regular depressions in the form of patterned lines, located at a curved corner at the top and close to the convexity at the bottom


wortel

wortel-wortel (plural)
bortel (alternative)

From Dutch wortel (“carrot”, literally “root”), from Middle Dutch wortele, from Old Dutch *wurtala, from Proto-Germanic *wurt- (“root”) + *waluz (“stick”), formed from the Proto-Indo-European roots *wréh₂ds + *welH-.

bor

carrot, (a vegetable with a nutritious, juicy, sweet root that is often orange in colour, Daucus carota, especially the subspecies sativus in the family Apiaceae)


Filipina

Originally from Spanish Filipinas, which was from Felipe (the name of a king of Spain).

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


Singapura

From Malay Singapura, from Sanskrit सिंहपुर (siṃhá-pura), from सिंह (siṃha, “lion”) + पुर (pura, “city”). Equivalent to singa (“lion”) + pura (“city”).

compound

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony and state of Malaysia (1963-1965))

Singapura (A 14th-century Malay kingdom centered in modern-day Singapore)


epos

Borrowed from Dutch epos, from Latin epos, from Ancient Greek ἔπος (épos).

(literature) epic: an extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, celebrating the feats of a deity, demigod (heroic epic), other legend or traditional hero


plasebo

(medicine, pharmacology) placebo, a dummy medicine containing no active ingredients; an inert treatment


makan malam

From makan (“to eat”) + malam (“evening”), literally “to eat at evening”. Probably calque of Dutch maaltijd (literally “evening meal”).


ambulatori

From English ambulatory, from Latin ambulatorius.

ambulatory, accustomed to move from place to place; not stationary; movable


abadi

From Malay abadi, from Classical Malay ابادي (abadi), from Arabic أَبَدِيّ (ʔabadiyy, “eternal, everlasting, endless”).

der

cinta abadi

immortal, undying, eternal, endless, everlasting


grup

grup-grup (plural)
grub (alternative nonstandard)

From Dutch groep, from French groupe, from Italian gruppo, groppo (“a knot, heap, group, bag (of money)”), from Vulgar Latin *cruppo, Renaissance Latin grupus, from Proto-Germanic *kruppaz (“lump, round mass, body, crop”), from Proto-Indo-European *grewb- (“to crumple, bend, crawl”).

group: a number of things or persons being in some relation to one another


sudi

From Malay sudi, from Classical Malay sudi, from Sanskrit शुद्धि (śuddhi).


sudi

From Minangkabau sudi, from Sanskrit शुद्धि (śuddhi).


arkeologi

arkéologi (canonical)
arkeologi-arkeologi (plural)

From Dutch archeologie, from Latin archaeologia, from Ancient Greek ἀρχαιολογία (arkhaiología) as ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos, “primal, old, ancient”) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, oration, study”).


sistem

sistém (canonical)
sistem-sistem (plural)
sistim (alternative nonstandard)
sistem (alternative)

From Dutch systeem, from Late Latin systēma, from Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “organised whole, body”).

der

a collection of organized things; a whole composed of relationships among its members.

a method or way of organizing or planning


granit

Borrowed from Dutch graniet (“granite”), from French granit (“granite”), from Italian granito (“granite”), from granire (“to granulate”), from grano (“grain”), from Latin grānum (“grain”).


AK

akademi komunitas
akademi komunitas#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of akademi komunitas.

(military) an AK-47, AK-74, or related assault rifle (Avtomat Kalasnikova or Kalashnikov)


Panchen Lama

id-noun

Panchen Lama (plural Panchen-Panchen Lama)


Transnistria

Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic

Transnistria (A geographic region and de-facto independent but unrecognized country in Eastern Europe that claims statehood as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic; internationally considered an autonomous territorial unit within Moldova)


ideologi

idéologi (canonical)
ideologi-ideologi (plural)
idiologi (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch ideologie, from French idéologie.


pleno

Borrowed from Portuguese pleno, from Latin plēnus.


eutanasia

éutanasia (canonical)
eutanasia-eutanasia (plural)

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin euthanasia, from Ancient Greek εὐθανασία (euthanasía), of εὐ- (eu-, “good”) + θάνατος (thánatos, “death”).

euthanasia: the practice of intentionally and painlessly killing a human being or animal for humane reasons, especially in order to end great suffering or poor quality of life


naik

From Malay naik,
from Classical Malay ناءيق (naik), possibly a reduction from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *panahik (“climb”).

to ride in or on something, to travel (in a vehicle)


harmoni

harmoni-harmoni (plural)
harmoni (root)
mengharmonikan (active)
terharmonikan (passive)
diharmonikan (passive)
harmonikan
harmonikanlah

From Dutch harmonie, from Middle Dutch harmonia, armonie, from Old French harmonie, from Latin harmonia, from Ancient Greek ἁρμονία (harmonía).

(uncountable, countable) agreement or accord

(countable, music) process by which individual sounds are joined or composed into whole units or compositions


biologi

Borrowed from Dutch biologie, from German Biologie, from Ancient Greek βιολογία (biología).


ekologi

From Dutch ecologie, from German Ökologie (coined by Ernst Haeckel), from Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos, “house”) + -λογία (-logía, “study of”).

compound

ecology, the branch of biology dealing with the relationships of organisms with their environment and with each other


antropolog

anthropologist, one who is versed in anthropology


ekonom

Borrowed from Dutch econoom, from Latin oeconomus.

an expert in economics, especially one who studies economic data and extracts higher-level information or proposes theories

economist
one concerned with political economy


farmakologi

(medicine) the science of drugs including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology

(medicine) the properties and reactions of drugs especially with relation to their therapeutic value


klimatologi

Borrowed from Dutch klimatologie (“climatology”).


halu

(slang) apocopic form of halusinasi (“hallucination; delusion”)


tipu

tipu (root)
menipu (active nominative)
tertipu (nominative passive)
ditipu (nominative passive)
tipu (nominative)
tipulah (nominative)
menipukan (active)
tertipukan (passive)
ditipukan (passive)
tipukan
tipukanlah
mempertipukan (active causative)
terpertipukan (causative passive)
dipertipukan (causative passive)
pertipukan (causative)
pertipukanlah (causative)

(transitive) to trick; to fool; to deceive (to cause to believe something untrue)


tipu

trick (something that's used to fool or swindle)


adenovirus

Internationalism, borrowed from English adenovirus.


makam

From Malay makam, from Arabic مَقَام (maqām).


segala

From Malay segala, from Sanskrit सकल (sakala). Cognates with Central Malay gale, Musi galo.

Uang bukanlah segalanya.


agronomi

Borrowed from Dutch agronomie, from French agronomie, from Ancient Greek ἀγρός (agrós, “field”) + νόμος (nómos, “law”).


mikro-

From Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”).


par excellence

Unadapted borrowing from French par excellence, from Latin per excellentiam.

ubor

par excellence, quintessential, ultimate


positif

From Dutch positief, from French positif, from Latin positivus.


positif

(photography) positive, a positive image; one that displays true colors and shades, as opposed to a negative


inka

informasi kepegawaian
informasi kepegawaian#Indonesian

(management) Acronym of informasi kepegawaian.


RKA

(finance) Initialism of rencana kerja anggaran (“work plan and budget”).


LAPAN

Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional#Indonesian

Acronym of Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional.


toge

From Javanese toge (ꦠꦺꦴꦒꦺ, “bean sprout”), from Hokkien 豆芽 (tāu-gê). Cognate of Tagalog toge.

Alternative form of taoge (“bean sprout”)


gue

From Betawi Kota guè (“I, me, my”), from Hokkien 我 (góa, “I, me, my”). Doublet of gua.

(Jakarta, colloquial) First-person singular pronoun: I, me, my


Tomas

Borrowed from Dutch Tomas, from Latin Thōmās m (as in the Vulgate), from Ancient Greek Θωμᾶς m (Thōmâs), the Biblical Greek transcription of Aramaic תאומא or תאמא (“twin”), the nickname of one of the Twelve Apostles.

(Christianity) an Apostle, best remembered for doubting the resurrection of Jesus


banteng

bantèng (canonical)
banteng-banteng (plural)

From Malay banting, banteng (Standard Malay banting), from Classical Malay بنتيڠ (banting), بنتيڠ (banteng).


orbita

Learned borrowing from Latin orbita. Doublet of orbit.

(anatomy) the bony cavity in the skull of a vertebrate containing the eyeball

(zoology) the area around the eye of a bird or other animal


sampo

sampo-sampo (plural)
syampu (alternative)

From Dutch shampoo, from English shampoo, from Hindi चाँपो (cā̃po), चाँपना (cā̃pnā, “to press; to shampoo”). For retention of old -o- instead of *-u- from English ⟨-oo-⟩, compare iglo (from Dutch iglo) and tato.


dangdut

Altered from dang-ding-dut.
Coined by Tempo (Indonesian magazine).

(music) dangdut, a genre of Indonesian music that combines elements of Arab and Malay folk music


fonem

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch foneem, from French phonème, from Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma, literally “sound made”, “utterance”; “thing spoken”, “speech”, “language”).


anafora

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰφορᾱ́ (ănăphorā́).

lbor

(rhetoric) the repetition of a phrase at the beginning of phrases, sentences, or verses, used for emphasis

(linguistics) an expression that can refer to virtually any referent, the specific referent being defined by context; An expression that refers to a preceding expression

(Christianity) the most solemn part of the Divine Liturgy or the Mass during which the offerings of bread and wine are consecrated as body and blood of Christ


pragmatika

(linguistics) pragmatics: the study of the use of language, especially meaning, in a social context; it includes extratextual aspects of language including exophoric reference, phatic utterances, and nonverbal channels


ekosistem

ékosistêm (canonical)
ekosistem-ekosistem (plural)

Affixed eko- + sistem, from Dutch ecosysteem, from English ecosystem.

(biology, ecology, sciences) a system formed by an ecological community and its environment that functions as a unit

(business, marketing) a set of interconnected products and services


akustika

Via some European language, from Ancient Greek ἀκουστικός (akoustikós), from Ancient Greek ἀκούω (akoúō, “to hear”).


kompilator

From Dutch compilator, from Latin compīlātor, from compīlō + tor.


klor

From Dutch chloor, from French chlore, from English chlorine, from Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós).


-if

respons (“response”) > responsif (“responsive”)

-ive: forms adjectives denoting characteristics or qualities


ochlocratie

Alternative spelling of oklokrasi (“ochlocracy, mobocracy”)


sajam

Acronym of senjata tajam (“sharp weapon; edged weapon”).


embrio

èmbrio (canonical)
embrio-embrio (plural)

From Dutch embryo, from New Latin embryo, from Ancient Greek ἔμβρυον (émbruon, “fetus”).

der

(biology) in the reproductive cycle, the stage after the fertilization of the egg that precedes the development into a fetus

(botany) a rudimentary plant contained in the seed

the beginning; the first stage of anything


binaragawan

id-noun

binaragawan (plural binaragawan-binaragawan or para binaragawan)

binaragawan-binaragawan (plural)
para binaragawan (plural)


binaraga

From bina (“to build”) + raga (“body”), calque of English bodybuilding.


hio

From Hokkien, specifically Zhangzhou Hokkien 香 (hioⁿ, “joss stick; incense”).

bor

(Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism) joss stick; incense

Taoism; Confucianism; Taoism; Confucianism


otot

From Malay otot, from Classical Malay اوتوت (otot), from Javanese ꦲꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦠ꧀ (otot), from Old Javanese ot-ot, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀat uʀat, reduplication of *uʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *huʀaC. Doublet of urat.
* The sense in medicine was coined by Komisi Istilah to translate English muscle (or rather Dutch spier (“muscle”)).


terasa

head

terasa (imperative rasakan, active merasa, ordinary passive dirasa, adversative passive terasa)


sopan

sopan (superlative tersopan, equative sesopan)

tersopan (superlative)
sesopan (equative)


Kazakstan

From Dutch Kazachstan, from Kazakh Қазақстан (Qazaqstan).

Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


-log

-logist, a person who specialize in the subject field specified in the stem


mudra

(Hinduism) any of the formal body positions and postures used in yoga and meditation


liat

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="id">liat</i>

trying to get out of (paying back debts)


liat

en:Gadjah Mada University
en:IPB University

(soil science) clay: a mineral substance made up of small crystals of silica and alumina, that is ductile when moist; the material of pre-fired ceramics


liat

(colloquial) alternative form of lihat (“to see; to look; to stare”)


aerodinamika

aérodinamika (canonical)
aerodinamika-aerodinamika (plural)
aérodinamik (alternative)


majeur

Unadapted borrowing from French majeur (“major”).

ubor

(music) Alternative spelling of mayor (“major”)