manga

From Japanese 漫画(まんが) (manga), from Middle Chinese 漫 (MC manH, “free, unrestrained”) + 畫 (MC hweaH|hweak, “drawing”). Doublet of manhua and manhwa.

(comics) manga (comic originating in Japan)


roman

Borrowed from Malay roman, from Dutch roman.

(literature) novel: a work of prose fiction, longer than a novella


antologi

From Dutch anthologie, from French anthologie, from Ancient Greek ἀνθολογία (anthología, “collection of flowers”).

der

(literature) anthology (collection of literary works)


novel

From Dutch novelle, from Italian novella, from Latin novella, feminine of novellus. Doublet of novela and novelet.


breve

Borrowed from Dutch breve (“breve”), from Latin brevis (“short”).

(orthography) breve: a semicircular diacritical mark (˘) placed above a vowel, commonly used to mark its quantity as short


panel

berpanel

panelled, having a panel; having a board

(comics) panel (an individual frame or drawing in a comic)


motif

From Dutch motief, from Middle Dutch motijf, from Old French motif (Modern French motif), from Late Latin mōtivus.

(music, literature) a short melodic or lyrical passage that is repeated in several parts of a work


bait

Inherited from Malay bait, from Arabic بَيْت (bayt), from Proto-Semitic *bayt-.

(literature) couplet (a pair of lines in poetry)

(literature) stanza (a unit of a poem, often in the form of a paragraph)


cedilla

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish cedilla.


accent grave

id-noun

accent grave (plural accent-accent grave)

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch accent grave (“grave accent”), from unadapted borrowing from French accent grave (“grave accent”).


sanjak

From Arabic سـجـع (sajʕ, “rhymed prose”). Doublet of sajak.

(literature) short essays with a certain form (such as poetry, pantun, gurindam)


pada

(literature) pada: The basic metric unit of Vedic poetry, consisting of one line of verse in Sanskrit, typically as part of a four-line stanza


pesan

(Standard Malay)

(literature) an underlying theme or conclusion to be drawn from something


novela

From from Italian novella, from Latin novella, feminine of novellus. Doublet of novela and novelet.

(literature) novel: a work of prose fiction, shorter than a novel


metrum

mètrum (canonical)
metrum-metrum (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin metrum (“measure”) via Dutch metrum, from Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure”). Doublet of meter.


faksi

From fakta (“fact”) + fiksi (“fiction”).

(literature) a fictional story based on a real story or characters


folklor

folklor-folklor (plural)
folklore (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch folklore, from English folklore.

(literature) folklore: the tales, legends, superstitions and traditions of a particular ethnic population


katarsis

From Dutch catharsis, from Ancient Greek κάθαρσις (kátharsis, “cleansing, purging”), from καθαίρω (kathaírō, “I cleanse”).

(drama, literature) a release of emotional tension after an overwhelming vicarious experience, resulting in the purging or purification of the emotions, as through watching a dramatic production (especially a tragedy)


anomali

From Dutch anomalie, from French anomalie, from Ancient Greek ἀνωμαλία (anōmalía, “disaccord”).

(linguistics, politics) a deviation from a rule or from what is regarded as normal; an outlier

(physics, biology) any event or measurement that is out of the ordinary regardless of whether it is exceptional or not

(biology, medicine) a defect or malformation


kanon

Ultimately from Ancient Greek κανών (kanṓn). Doublet of kanun and qanun.
* For sense of land lease tax, via Arabic قَانُون (qānūn, “tax, law”).
* For sense in music and Christianity, via Dutch canon, from Old French canon, from Latin canōn.

(Christianity, literature) the works of a writer that have been accepted as authentic


epos

Borrowed from Dutch epos, from Latin epos, from Ancient Greek ἔπος (épos).

(literature) epic: an extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, celebrating the feats of a deity, demigod (heroic epic), other legend or traditional hero


iblis

(folklore) a fictional image of a man, usually red or orange in skin color; with a set of horns on his head, a pointed goatee and a long tail and carrying a pitchfork; that represents evil and portrayed to children in an effort to discourage bad behavior


parabel

From Dutch parabel, from Middle French [Term?], from Old French parable, parabole, from Late Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ, “comparison”). Doublet of parabola.

(literature) parable, a short narrative illustrating a lesson (usually religious/moral) by comparison or analogy


accent aigu

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch accent aigu (“acute accent”), from French accent aigu (“acute accent”), from Latin accentus acūtus (“sharp accent”), itself a calque of Ancient Greek προσῳδία ὀξύς (prosōidía oxús, “sharp accent”).

der

προσῳδία ὀξύς


kaba

From Minangkabau kaba, from Arabic خَبَر (ḵabar, “news”). Doublet of kabar.

(literature) Minangkabau traditional literature in the form of rhythmic prose, simple sentences with 3-5 words so that it can be said rhythmically or sung, the theme of the story is various, such as heroism, adventure, consolation, and love stories


panji

From Malay panji (“banner, standard”), from Sanskrit पञ्जी (pañjī, “register”). Doublet of banci.
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦥꦚ꧀ꦗꦶ (panji) for noun 2 senses.

sl

(literature) a genre of Indonesian heroic and noble story


manhua

Borrowed from Mandarin 漫畫 /漫画 (mànhuà), from Japanese 漫(まん)画(が) (manga). Doublet of manga and manhwa.

(comics) manhua (comic originating in China)


manhwa

Borrowed from Korean 만화(漫畫) (manhwa), from Japanese 漫(まん)画(が) (manga). Doublet of manga and manhua.

(comics) manhwa (comic originating in Korea)


fabel

From Dutch fabel (“fable”), from Old French fable, from Latin fābula.

(literature) fable, a fictitious narrative intended to enforce some useful truth or precept, usually with animals, etc. as characters


barok

From Dutch barok, from French baroque, from Portuguese barocco, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly from Latin verruca (“wart”).

(architecture, literature) Baroque, a period in western architecture, art and music from ca. 1600 to ca. 1760 CE


fiksi

From Dutch fictie, from Latin fictiō. Cognate to Afrikaans fiksie.

, cereka (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)

(literature) literary type using invented or imaginative writing, instead of real facts, usually written as prose


katastrofe

katastrofê (canonical)
katastrofe-katastrofe (plural)
katastrofi (alternative)

From Dutch catastrofe, from French catastrophe, from Latin catastropha, from Ancient Greek καταστροφή (katastrophḗ, “overturning”).

der

(literature) the dramatic event that initiates the resolution of the plot; the dénouement


latar

From Malay latar, from Javanese latar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dataʀ (“flat”), ultimately Proto-Austronesian *dataR (“flat, flat or level land”). Doublet of datar and rata.

(literature) the time, place and circumstance in which something (such as a story or picture) is set


aksen

Borrowed from Dutch accent, from Middle Dutch accent, ultimately from Latin accentus.

(orthography) a mark or character used in writing, in order to indicate the place of the spoken accent, or to indicate the nature or quality of the vowel marked


accent circonflexe

id-noun

accent circonflexe (plural accent-accent circonflexe)

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch accent circonflexe (“circumflex”) or French accent circonflexe (“circumflex”), from Latin accentus circumflexus.


tegangan

têgangan (canonical)
tegangan-tegangan (plural)

Affixed tegang (“tense”) + -an. Semantic loan from Dutch spanning (“tension, voltage”) for physics, psychology and literature senses, see also the loanword spaning.

sl

(literature) a feeling of nervousness, excitement, or fear that is created in a movie, book, etc.; suspense

(literature) suspense: the pleasurable emotion of anticipation and excitement regarding the outcome or climax of a book, film etc


pantun

(poetry) pantoum: a poem, similar to a villanelle, that comprises a series of quatrains, the second and fourth lines of each stanza repeated as the first and third lines of the next


anakronisme

From Dutch anachronisme, from French anachronisme, from New Latin anachronismus, from Ancient Greek ἀναχρονισμός (anakhronismós), from ἀναχρονίζομαι (anakhronízomai, “referring to the wrong time”), from ἀνά (aná, “up against”) + χρονίζω (khronízō, “spending time”), from χρόνος (khrónos, “time”).

der

ἀναχρονισμός

(literature) anachronism (glaring inconsistencies to scarcely perceptible misrepresentation of chronological mistake)


kakawin

kakawin-kakawin (plural)
kekawin (alternative)

Reanalyzed as kawi + ke- -an, from Old Javanese kakawin, from Sanskrit कवि (kavi, “poet”).


ciri

Inherited from Malay چيري (ciri), from Javanese ꦕꦶꦫꦶ (ciri, “sign, identifying mark, scar”), from Old Javanese ciri (“sign, distinctive mark, evidence”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">ciri</i>

der

(literature) mantra (prayer) recited at the coronation of a king


tolok

(literature) classic Bugis literature that tells the heroism of a figure, in the form of lyrical prose


lawas

(literature) traditional poetry typical of Sumbawa, generally consisting of 3-6 lines per stanza, usually recited at certain events such as when working together to build a house, traditional ceremonies, or buffalo races


kronik

Borrowed from Dutch kroniek (“chronicle”), from Middle Dutch cronike, from Latin chronica, from Ancient Greek χρονικόν (khronikón), neuter of χρονικός (khronikós).


kartun

From English cartoon. Doublet of karton.

(comics) a humorous drawing, often with a caption, or a strip of such drawings

(comics) a drawing satirising current public figures


babad

From Javanese ꦧꦧꦢ꧀ (babad, “history, chronicle”), from Old Javanese *babad:
* babad (“to clear”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bajbaj, from Proto-Austronesian *bajbaj (“loosen, untie, unwrap; unravel; to clear forest”), *-baj (“unravel, untie”). Doublet of babat.
* wwat (“to report”, literally “to present, offer”). Doublet of buat.

der

(literature) Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, Sasak, and Madurese stories containing historical events


rumus

From Malay rumus, from Arabic رُمُوز (rumūz), plural of رَمْز (ramz, “cipher, code”).

(biology, chemistry, linguistics, literature, physics) formula


khizanatulkitab

khizanatulkitab-khizanatulkitab (plural)
chizanatoelkitab (alternative)

From Malay khizanatulkitab,
from Classical Malay khizanatulkitab, from Arabic خِزَانَةُ الكِتَاب (ḵizānatu l-kitāb).

خِزَانَةُ الكِتَاب

(obsolete, literature) Synonym of perpustakaan (“library”)


ikatan

Affixed ikat + -an, inherited from Malay ikatan.


perkataan

pêrkataan (canonical)
perkataan-perkataan (plural)


watak

(literature) character: a literary description of a character type


tarikh

tarikh-tarikh (plural)
tawarikh (alternative)

From Malay tarikh, from Arabic تَارِيخ (tārīḵ, “date, time”).


bahasa klasik

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + klasik (“classical”), partial calque of Dutch klassieke talen (klassieke + talen).

com

(linguistics, literature) a classical language


tantri

Borrowed from Javanese ꦠꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦶ (tantri), from Old Javanese tantri, from Sanskrit तन्त्र (tantra, “a class of works teaching magical and mystical formularies”). Compare to English tantra. Doublet of tentara and tenteram.

der

(literature) a prosaic fable from Pancatantra


antiwirawan

id-noun

antiwirawan (plural antiwirawan-antiwirawan or para antiwirawan)

antiwirawan-antiwirawan (plural)
para antiwirawan (plural)

Calque of English antihero as anti- + wirawan.


kuplet

kuplèt (canonical)
kuplet-kuplet (plural)

From Dutch couplet, from French couplet, from Middle French couplet, from Old French couplet.

(poetry) couplet (a pair of lines in poetry)


bedah

Inherited from Malay bedah (“cracked; broken; lanced by a surgeon”), from Javanese ꦧꦼꦝꦃ (bedhah, “broken through, ripped open; to be overcome by force”), from Old Javanese bĕḍah (“to break, to burst”).

der

(literature, figurative) review: a second or subsequent reading of a text or artifact in an attempt to gain new insights


romansa

romansa-romansa (plural)
roman (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch romance, from German Romanze, from French romance, from Spanish romance, itself probably a borrowing from either Old French romanz or Old Occitan romans, meaning a narrative work in the vernacular speech, from Vulgar Latin romanicē (“in a Roman manner”), ultimately from Latin rōmānicus.

(literature) a story relating to chivalry; a story involving knights, heroes, adventures, quests, etc.


amanat

From Malay amanat, from Classical Malay امانت (amanat), from Classical Persian امانت (amānat), from Arabic أَمَانَة (ʔamāna). Doublet of amanah.

(literature) an underlying theme or conclusion to be drawn from something


waralaba

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese wara (“gift”) + lābha (“profit”), intended translated as extra or special profit. Coined by Lembaga Pendidikan dan Pembinaan Manajemen for translation of franchise.

coinage

(literature) the loose collection of fictional works pertaining to a particular universe, including literary, film or television series from various sources


leraian

lêraian (canonical)
leraian-leraian (plural)

(literature) dénouement; conclusion; resolution; unravelling


persejajaran bentuk

persejajaran baris
persejajaran baris#Indonesian


alur cerita

Compound of alur (“line”) + cerita (“story”), calque of Dutch verhaallijn (“storyline”).

clq

(literature) plot, storyline: the course of a story, comprising a series of incidents which are gradually unfolded, sometimes by unexpected means


jalan cerita

id-noun

jalan cêrita (plural jalan-jalan cerita)

jalan cêrita (canonical)
jalan-jalan cerita (plural)

Compound of jalan (“road, way”) + cerita (“story”).

(literature) plot, storyline (the course of a story, comprising a series of incidents which are gradually unfolded, sometimes by unexpected means)


kurawa

From Javanese ꦏꦸꦫꦮ (kurawa), from Old Javanese [Term?], from Sanskrit कौरव (kaurava).

(literature) Kaurava: any descendant of King Kuru, a legendary king who is the ancestor of many characters of the Mahabharata


pustaha

From Batak, probably from Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pōstaka, *pustaka. Doublet of pustaka.


sastra klasik

sastra klasik (plural sastra-sastra klasik)

(literature) pre-European contact literature


alegori

alégori (canonical)
alegori-alegori (plural)

From Dutch allegorie, from French allégorie, from Latin allegoria, from Ancient Greek ἀλληγορία (allēgoría).

(literature) allegory: a narrative in which a character, place, or event is used to deliver a broader message about real-world issues and occurrences


antagonis

From Dutch antagonist, from Latin antagonista, from Ancient Greek ἀνταγωνιστής (antagōnistḗs, “opponent”) (ἀντί (antí, “against”) + ἀγωνιστής (agōnistḗs, “a combatant, pleader, actor”)), from ἀνταγωνίζομαι (antagōnízomai, “antagonize”).

der

ἀνταγωνιστής

(literature) the main character or force opposing the protagonist in a literary work or drama


asonansi

From Dutch assonantie, from French assonance, from Latin assonāre.


dekonstruksi

From Dutch deconstructie. By surface analysis, de- + konstruksi.

(philosophy, literature) a philosophical theory of textual criticism; a form of critical analysis that emphasizes inquiry into the variable projection of the meaning and message of critical works, the meaning in relation to the reader and the intended audience, and the assumptions implicit in the embodied forms of expression


lakuan

(drama, literature) expression: The action of expressing thoughts, ideas, feelings, etc


narasi

Borrowed from Dutch narratie (“narration”).

bor+

(literature) narrating: the use of a written or spoken commentary to convey a story to an audience

(literature) story or narrative: That which is narrated or recounted; an orderly recital of the details and particulars of some transaction or event, or of a series of transactions or events

(literature) manner of conveying a story, fictional or otherwise, in a body of work


alusi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch allusie, from French allusion, from Latin allūsiōnem (“frolicking”).

(literature) allusion: an indirect reference; a hint; a reference to something supposed to be known, but not explicitly mentioned


purwakanti

Compound of purwa + kanti, borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦸꦂꦮꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶ (purwakanthi).

(literature) assonance: the repetition of similar or identical vowel sounds (though with different consonants), usually in literature or poetry


pupuh

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦸꦥꦸꦃ (pupuh, “song; eye drop; to hit; to war; to fight”), from Old Javanese pupuh (“stroke, blow; fight, battle; musical mallet”).

der

(literature, music) songs that are bound by the number of syllables in one verse, the number of lines, and the game of the song


pintu ke mana saja

id-noun

pintu ke mana saja (plural pintu-pintu ke mana saja)

(fiction) anywhere door (door that allows people to go anywhere instantly)


bunga rampai

bunga rampai (plural bunga-bunga rampai)

Compound of bunga (“flower”) + rampai, calque of Dutch bloemlezing (literally “flower reading”).

clq

(literature) anthology (collection of literary works)


karya sastra

id-noun

karya sastra (plural karya-karya sastra)

(literature) literary fiction, literature: writings specifically considered to have considerable artistic merit


protagonis

Borrowed from Dutch protagonist, from Ancient Greek πρωταγωνιστής (prōtagōnistḗs).

der

πρωταγωνιστής

(drama, literature) the main character, or one of the main characters, in any story, such as a literary work or drama.