stem

From English stem, from Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”).

der

(linguistics) the main part of an uninflected word to which affixes may be added to form inflections of the word. A stem often has a more fundamental root. Systematic conjugations and declensions derive from their stems


slang

(linguistics) slang, unconventional language


molar

Related to the first and second etymologies.

(psychology) connecting a movement into one unit, for example swimming behavior


lingua franca

Unadapted borrowing from Italian lingua franca.

ubor

bahasa perantara
bahasa perantara#Indonesian

(linguistics) Synonym of bahasa perantara


verbal

id-adj

verbal (comparative lebih verbal, superlative paling verbal)

lebih verbal (comparative)
paling verbal (superlative)

From Dutch verbaal, from Middle French verbal, from Latin verbālis. Doublet of perbal.

(linguistics) verbal (pertaining to verbs)


instrumental

instrumental (comparative lebih instrumental, superlative paling instrumental)

lebih instrumental (comparative)
paling instrumental (superlative)

Borrowed from Dutch instrumentaal, from French instrumental, from Medieval Latin īnstrūmentālis.

(linguistics) applied to a case expressing means or agency


kata

From Malay kata, from Pali kathā, from Sanskrit कथा (kathā, “speech; story”).

(semantics) word (the smallest discrete, meaningful unit of language)


slip

From English slip, from Middle English slyp, slep, slyppe, from Old English slyp, slyppe, slipa (“a viscous, slimy substance”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *sleupaną (“to slip, sneak”), possibly connected with Proto-Indo-European *slewb-, *slewbʰ- (“slip, slide”), from Proto-Indo-European *sel- (“to sneak, crawl”); or alternatively from Proto-Germanic *slippijaną (“to glide”), from Proto-Indo-European *sleyb- (“slimy; to glide”).

der

(archaeology, ceramics) slip: a thin, slippery mix of clay and water


Venus

(Roman mythology) the Roman goddess of love, beauty, fertility, and sexuality


metropolis

From Ancient Greek μητρόπολις (mētrópolis, “mother city”).

(history, especially Ancient Greece) metropolis (colony’s mother city)


agape

From Ancient Greek ἀγάπη (agápē, “love; the love between man and God; Christian love feasts”).

(Catholicism, philosophy) agape: love; the love between man and God; Christian love feasts


tinggi

From Malay tinggi, possibly from Sanskrit तुङ्ग (tuṅga, “high”).

vokal tinggi

(phonetics) high (made with some part of the tongue positioned high in the mouth, relatively close to the palate)


yang

yang-yang (plural)
jang (alternative)
yg (alternative abbreviation)


dasar

Inherited from Malay dasar, probably ultimately from Sanskrit [Term?]. Compare Javanese ꦝꦱꦂ (dhasar), Old Javanese ḍasar (“base, bottom; workshop”).

cog

(linguistics) base (a morpheme or morphemes that serves as a basic foundation on which affixes can be attached)


ADHD

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder#English

gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas

(neurology, psychiatry, psychology) Initialism of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (ADHD)


kala

From Malay kala, from Classical Malay kala, from Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”) or Sanskrit कला (kalā, “a division of time”). Doublet of kali.

der

(grammar) any of the forms of a verb which distinguish when an action or state of being occurs or exists

(linguistics, grammar, countable) an inflected form of a verb that indicates tense


term

tèrm (canonical)
term-term (plural)
terma (alternative)

From Dutch term, from French terme, from Old French terme, from Latin terminus (“a bound, boundary, limit, end; in Medieval Latin, also a time, period, word, covenant, etc.”).

(linguistics, rare) Synonym of istilah (“term, of word etc.”)

(logic) term (the subject or the predicate of a proposition)


ego

From Latin ego (“I”), from Proto-Italic *egō, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Doublet of eke.


deus ex machina

Unadapted borrowing from Latin deus ex māchinā, calque of Ancient Greek ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός (apò mēkhanês theós, literally “god from the machine”).

calque

ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός


lateral

id-adj

latêral (comparative lebih lateral, superlative paling lateral)

latêral (canonical)
lebih lateral (comparative)
paling lateral (superlative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch lateraal, from French latéral, from Latin laterālis.

(phonetics, phonology) pertaining to speech sounds generated by partially blocking the egress of the airstream with the tongue, leaving space on one or both sides of the occlusion for air passage


lateral

latêral (canonical)
lateral-lateral (plural)

(phonetics, phonology) a sound produced through lateral pronunciation (such as /l/ in lateral)


distal

distal (comparative lebih distal, superlative paling distal)

lebih distal (comparative)
paling distal (superlative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch distaal.

(linguistics) far or farther from the speaker.


labial

labial (comparative lebih labial, superlative paling labial)

lebih labial (comparative)
paling labial (superlative)

Borrowed from Dutch labiaal, from French labial, from Medieval Latin labiālis (“of or pertaining to the lips”).

der

(linguistics, phonetics) articulated by the lips, as the consonants b, m and w


sima

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese sīma, from Sanskrit सीमा (sīmā, “limit, bounds, frontier”).

der

(archaeology) territory that is made or has a holy place and is exempt from taxes


bulimia nervosa

id-noun

bulimia nervosa (plural bulimia-bulimia nervosa)

Internationalism, compound of bulimia + nervosa.

(psychiatry, pathology) bulimia nervosa: an eating disorder characterized by a binge-and-purge cycle: extreme overeating followed by self-induced vomiting


kiln

From English kiln, from Middle English kilne, from Old English cylene or cyline (“large oven”), from Latin culīna (“kitchen, kitchen stove”).

(archaeology) kiln, an oven or furnace or a heated chamber, for the purpose of hardening, burning, calcining or drying anything; for example, firing ceramics, curing or preserving tobacco, or drying grain


aporia

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin aporia, from Ancient Greek ἀπορία (aporía).


persona

Learned borrowing from Latin persōna. Doublet of person.

(grammar) a linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom he is speaking


nominal

From Dutch nominaal, from French nominal, from Latin nominalis.

(grammar) of or relating to a noun or word group that functions as a noun


biner

id-adj

binèr (comparative lebih biner, superlative paling biner)

binèr (canonical)
lebih biner (comparative)
paling biner (superlative)
binari (alternative)

From Dutch binair (“binary”), from French binaire, from Latin bīnārius.

(logic) binary (concerning logic whose subject matter concerns binary states)


trauma

From Dutch trauma, from Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

der

(psychology, psychiatry) an emotional wound leading to psychological injury


Saturnus

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch Saturnus, from Latin Saturnus.

(Roman mythology) the god of fertility and agriculture, equivalent to the Greek Kronos


Merkurius

From Dutch Mercurius, from Latin Mercurius.

(Roman mythology) the Roman god associated with speed, sometimes used as a messenger. He wore winged sandals. Mercury corresponded to the Greek god Hermes


voyeur

Internationalism, unadapted borrowing from Dutch voyeur, from French voyeur.


hong

Borrowed from Hokkien 鳳凰／凤凰 (hōng-hông, “fenghuang”).

(Chinese mythology) fenghuang: a mythological Chinese chimerical bird whose physical body symbolizes the six celestial bodies

(mythology) phoenix: a mythological bird, said to be the only one of its kind, which lives for 500 years and then dies by burning to ashes on a pyre of its own making, ignited by the sun. It then arises anew from the ashes


Hamal

From Arabic الحَمَل (al-ḥamal, “Aries”), from Arabic حَمَل (ḥamal, “lamb”).


Mars

Mars
(Roman mythology) the Roman god of war


graf

(linguistics, typography) graph: A graphical unit on the token-level, the abstracted fundamental shape of a character or letter as distinct from its ductus (realization in a particular typeface or handwriting on the instance-level) and as distinct by a grapheme on the type-level by not fundamentally distinguishing meaning


abasia

(clinical psychology, neurology) abasia; an inability to walk due to a defect in muscular coordination


gestalt

Unadapted borrowing from German Gestalt (“shape, figure, form”).

ubor

(psychology) gestalt: a collection of physical, biological, psychological or symbolic elements that creates a whole, unified concept or pattern which is other than the sum of its parts, due to the relationships between the parts (of a character, personality, entity, or being)


DPA

daftar pencarian arsip
daftar pencarian arsip#Indonesian

(information science) Initialism of daftar pencarian arsip.


kalimat

From Arabic كَلِمَات (kalimāt, “word, speech, statement”). Doublet of kalimah.

der

kalimat pasif

(grammar) sentence: a grammatically complete series of words consisting of a subject and predicate, even if one or the other is implied, and typically beginning with a capital letter and ending with a full stop


fon

From Dutch foon (“phone”), from Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).

(linguistics) phone, a speech segment that possesses distinct physical or perceptual properties, considered as a physical event without regard to its place in the phonology of a language


agen

agèn (canonical)
agen-agen (plural)
agens (alternative)
agén (alternative)
éjén (alternative)

From Dutch agent, from French agent, from Latin agēns. Doublet of agens.

(linguistics, grammar) the participant of a situation that carries out the action in this situation


fugu

Borrowed from Dutch fugue, from French fugue, from Italian fuga (“flight, ardor”), from Latin fuga (“act of fleeing”), fugiō (“to flee”).

(neurology, psychiatry, psychology) fugue, fugue state: A rare psychiatric disorder characterized by reversible amnesia for personal identity, including the memories, personality and other identifying characteristics of individuality


masa

Ultimately from Sanskrit माष (māṣa, “a weight of gold”).

(archaeology) unit of measurement of weight for gold and silver


imago

Borrowed from Dutch imago, from Latin imāgō.

(psychology) an idealised concept of a loved one, formed in childhood and retained unconsciously into adult life, the basis for the psychological formation of personality archetypes


anamnesis

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀνάμνησις (anámnēsis, “remembrance”), verbal noun of ἀναμιμνήσκω (anamimnḗskō), from ἀνα- (ana-) + μιμνῄσκω (mimnḗiskō, “call to mind”).

affix

anamnesa (alternative)
anamnese (alternative)

(medicine, psychology) the medical history of a patient

anamnesis
the medical history of a patient

(epistemology: Platonism) the recollection of innate knowledge acquired before birth, according to Plato’s theory of epistemology.


latah

id-adj

latah (comparative lebih latah, superlative paling latah)

lebih latah (comparative)
paling latah (superlative)

From Malay latah, from Sanskrit लता (latā, “streak, childish”).

(psychiatry, psychology) latah: a condition found in Malaysia and nearby areas characterised by extreme suggestibility


jung

(history) a unit of land area measurement equals 28,386 m² or four bau


velum

(anatomy, linguistics) velum: the soft palate


modus

Learned borrowing from Latin modus. Doublet of mode, model, modul, and modern.

doublet

(linguistics) mood, a verb form that depends on how its containing clause relates to the speaker’s or writer’s wish, intent, or assertion about reality


delirium

Borrowed from Dutch delirium, from Latin dēlīrium.


akar

Inherited from Malay akar, from Proto-Malayic *akar,from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wakaʀ.

(linguistic morphology) the primary lexical unit of a word


tata bahasa

Inherited from Malay tatabahasa, from tata (“order”) + bahasa (“language”), Calque from Japanese 語(ご)法(ほう) (gohō, “grammar”). Equivalent to tata + bahasa.

a system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language

a book describing the rules of grammar of a language


kata kerja

Compound of kata (“word”) + kerja (“work”), calque of Dutch werkwoord (“verb”, literally “work(ing) word”).

calque

(grammar) verb, a word that indicates an action, event, or state


manusia

From Malay manusia, from Sanskrit मनुष्य (manuṣyà, “human being”).

der

manusia serigala

manusia harimau

(fantasy, mythology, only in compounds) were- (indicates a person who changes shape into an animal)


pasar

id-adj

pasar (comparative lebih pasar, superlative paling pasar)

lebih pasar (comparative)
paling pasar (superlative)

→ Dutch: pasar

From Malay pasar (“market”), from Tamil பசார் (pacār, “bazaar”), from Classical Persian بازار (bāzār, “market”), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wʾčʾl /wāzār/, “market”). Doublet of bazar.

der

(linguistics) colloquial; vernacular; vulgar


marga

* Ultimately from Pali magga (“oath; road”) and Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga, “reach, range; mark, scar; track of a wild animal”), vṛddhi derivative of मृग (mṛga, “game animal; deer”).
** Inherited from Malay marga (“wild animal”), from Classical Malay marga, from Old Malay margga (“track, way”) (as in Talang Tuwo inscription (684 CE), compare to Balinese ᬫᬵᬃᬕ᭄ᬕ), came from above.
** The sense of clan is a semantic loan from Toba Batak marga (“clan”), came from above.
** The sense of hamlet is a semantic loan from Musi marga (“hamlet”), came from above.
** The sense of road is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦩꦂꦒ (marga, “road”), came from above.
* The sense of family name is a semantic loan from Dutch familienaam (“family name”) as semantic extension of clan.
* The sense in taxonomy is a semantic loan from Dutch geslacht (“genus”, literally “linage, generation”) and Latin genus (literally “group; type, class; lineage, descent”) as semantic extension of clan.

sl

a group of people all descended from a common ancestor, in fact or belief

(anthropology) clan:
specifically, the marga, Batak clan


fiche

Unadapted borrowing from French fiche (“card (in a file); record”).

ubor

(information science) card, like a punch card, microfiche or file card


hapax legomena

id-noun

hapax legomena (plural hapax-hapax legomena)

Internationalism, Ancient Greek ἅπαξ λεγόμενον (hápax legómenon, “(something) said only once”), from ἅπαξ (hápax, “once”) and λεγόμενον (legómenon), passive participle of λέγω (légō, “say”).

der

ἅπαξ λεγόμενον

(linguistics) hapax legomenon: a word occurring only once in a given corpus


kasus

From Dutch casus, from Latin cāsus (“chance, event”), the past participle of cadō (“to fall, happen”).

grammatical case
grammatical case#English

(linguistics, grammar) case (grammatical case)


panteon

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin Pantheon, from Ancient Greek Πάνθειον (Pántheion).

(mythology) all the gods of a particular people or religion.


Tula

From Sanskrit तुला (tulā, “balance, scales”).


rasi

From Malay rasi, from Sanskrit राशि (rāśi), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *rāśíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *rāćíš, from *rać- (“to bind, tie”).

(astrology) a sign of the zodiac (as being a certain sum or quantity of degrees), one-twelfth part of the ecliptic, an astrological house


idée fixe

Unadapted borrowing from French idée fixe (“idée fixe, obsession”, literally “fixed idea”).

ubor

(psychiatry, psychology) idée fixe, obsession


klik

(linguistics): an ingressive sound made by coarticulating a velar or uvular closure with another closure


substantif

From Dutch substantief, from New Latin nōmen substantīvum.


estetika

estetika-estetika (plural)
aestetika (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch esthetica (“aesthetic; aesthetics”), from New Latin aesthetica, aestheticus, from Ancient Greek αἰσθητικός (aisthētikós).

bor+

(philosophy) the study or philosophy of beauty

aesthetics
the study or philosophy of beauty


introversi

Borrowed from Dutch introversie, from New Latin intrōversio, intrōvertere (“to turn within”), from Classical Latin intro (“within”) and vertere (“to turn”).

(psychology) introversion; orientation towards the self and mental abstraction


inversi

inversi-inversi (plural)
invers (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch inversie, from French inversion.

(grammar) deviation from standard word order by putting the predicate before the subject. It takes place in questions with auxiliary verbs and in normal, affirmative clauses beginning with a negative particle, for the purpose of emphasis

(Standard Malay)

(logic) a type of conditional sentence which is an immediate inference made from another conditional sentence


katarsis

From Dutch catharsis, from Ancient Greek κάθαρσις (kátharsis, “cleansing, purging”), from καθαίρω (kathaírō, “I cleanse”).

der

(psychology) a therapeutic technique to relieve tension by re-establishing the association of an emotion with the memory or idea of the event that first caused it, and then eliminating it by complete expression (called the abreaction)


delusi

délusi (canonical)
delusi-delusi (plural)

a false belief that is resistant to confrontation with actual facts

(psychiatry, psychology) delusion:
the state of being deluded

that which is falsely or delusively believed or propagated; false belief; error in belief


intensi

intènsi (canonical)
intensi-intensi (plural)

Borrowed from English intension, from Latin intēnsiō (“straining, effort; intensifying”), from intēnsus (“stretched”), perfect passive participle of intendō (“strain or stretch toward”).

(linguistics) intension, any property or quality connoted by a word, phrase or other symbol, contrasted with actual instances in the real world to which the term applies


tona

From Dutch tonen, plural of toon, from Middle Dutch toon, ultimately from Latin tonus.

(linguistics) tone: the pitch of a word that distinguishes a difference in meaning, for example in Chinese


gramatika

Borrowed from Dutch grammatica, from Latin grammatica, from Ancient Greek γραμματική (grammatikḗ, “skilled in writing”), from γράμμα (grámma, “line of writing”), from γράφω (gráphō, “write”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerebh- (“to scratch”).

a system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language

a book describing the rules of grammar of a language

the study of the internal structure of words (morphology) and the use of words in the construction of phrases and sentences (syntax)


anomali

From Dutch anomalie, from French anomalie, from Ancient Greek ἀνωμαλία (anōmalía, “disaccord”).

(linguistics, politics) a deviation from a rule or from what is regarded as normal; an outlier


refleksi

Borrowed from Dutch reflectie (“reflection”), from Middle French reflexion, reflection, from Late Latin reflexio, from the participle stem of reflectere.

bor+

(philosophy) careful thought or consideration

reflection:
careful thought or consideration

reflection:
(philosophy) an implied criticism


refleks

rèflèks (canonical)
refleks-refleks (plural)
reflek (alternative)

From Dutch reflex, from French réflexe, from Latin reflexus.

(physiology, psychology) reflex, an automatic response to a simple stimulus which does not require mental processing


ontologi

From Dutch ontologie, from New Latin ontologia, from Ancient Greek ὄντος (óntos) + λόγος (lógos).

(uncountable, philosophy) the branch of metaphysics that addresses the nature or essential characteristics of being and of things that exist; the study of being qua being

(uncountable, philosophy) in a subject view, or a world view, the set of conceptual or material things or classes of things that are recognised as existing, or are assumed to exist in context, and their interrelations; in a body of theory, the ontology comprises the domain of discourse, the things that are defined as existing, together with whatever emerges from their mutual implications

(countable, philosophy) the theory of a particular philosopher or school of thought concerning the fundamental types of entity in the universe

(logic) a logical system involving theory of classes, developed by Stanislaw Lesniewski (1886-1939)

(countable, computer science, information science) a structure of concepts or entities within a domain, organized by relationships; a system model


fusi

From Dutch fusie, from Middle French fusion, from Latin fusionem (the accusative of fusio), from fusus, past participle of fundere (“pour, melt”).

(phonology) a type of sound change where two or more sounds merge into one


impresi

From Dutch impressie, from French impression, from Latin impressio.
* Semantic loan from English impression for philosophical sense.

(philosophy) the vivid perception of something as it is experienced, in contrast to ideas or thoughts drawn from memory or the imagination


habitus

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch habitus, from Latin habitus.

(sociology) habitus (the lifestyle, etc. of particular social groups)


akrasia

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀκρασία (akrasía, “lacking command (over oneself)”).


telis

id-adj

telis (comparative lebih telis, superlative paling telis)

lebih telis (comparative)
paling telis (superlative)

Internationalism, borrowed from English telic, from the Ancient Greek τελῐκός (telĭkós, “final”), τέλος (télos, “end”).

uder

(grammar) that expresses an end or purpose

(linguistics) that expresses the perfective aspect

telic:
that expresses the perfective aspect


agens

agèns (canonical)
agens-agens (plural)
agen (alternative)
agén (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch agens, from Latin agēns. Doublet of agen.

(linguistics, grammar) the participant of a situation that carries out the action in this situation


atribut

From Dutch attribuut, from French attribut, from Latin attributum.

(grammar) a word that qualifies a noun, a qualifier

(archaeology) a characteristic or quality of an artifact


ambulatori

From English ambulatory, from Latin ambulatorius.


makam

From Malay makam, from Arabic مَقَام (maqām).


fonem

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch foneem, from French phonème, from Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma, literally “sound made”, “utterance”; “thing spoken”, “speech”, “language”).


anafora

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰφορᾱ́ (ănăphorā́).

lbor

(linguistics) an expression that can refer to virtually any referent, the specific referent being defined by context; An expression that refers to a preceding expression


pragmatika

(linguistics) pragmatics: the study of the use of language, especially meaning, in a social context; it includes extratextual aspects of language including exophoric reference, phatic utterances, and nonverbal channels


akronim

From Dutch acroniem, from Ancient Greek ἄκρος (ákros, “extremity”) and ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”).


feniks

Borrowed from Dutch feniks (“phoenix”), from Medieval Latin phenix, from Latin phoenīx, from Ancient Greek φοῖνιξ (phoînix), from Egyptian bnw (boinu, “grey heron”). Doublet of foniks and funiks.

(mythology) a mythological bird, said to be the only one of its kind, which lives for 500 years and then dies by burning to ashes on a pyre of its own making, ignited by the sun. It then arises anew from the ashes

(mythology) a mythological Chinese chimerical bird whose physical body symbolizes the six celestial bodies; a fenghuang


anonim

From Dutch anoniem, from French anonyme, from Latin anōnymus, from Ancient Greek ἀνώνυμος (anṓnumos).


kata benda

Compound of kata (“word”) + benda (“thing”), calque of Dutch dingwoord (“noun, substantive”, literally “thing word”).


bintang

Inherited from Malay bintang, from Proto-Malayic *bintaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bituqən (compare Tagalog bituin), from Proto-Austronesian *bituqən. The "asterisk" sense is semantic loan from Dutch sterretje. The "star, celebrity, actor" sense is semantic loan from English star.

(astrology) star (a planet supposed to influence one's destiny)


huruf

From Malay huruf, from Arabic حُرُوف (ḥurūf) plural of حَرْف (ḥarf).

(linguistics, typography) graph: A graphical unit on the token-level, the abstracted fundamental shape of a character or letter as distinct from its ductus (realization in a particular typeface or handwriting on the instance-level) and as distinct by a grapheme on the type-level by not fundamentally distinguishing meaning


iblis

(folklore) a fictional image of a man, usually red or orange in skin color; with a set of horns on his head, a pointed goatee and a long tail and carrying a pitchfork; that represents evil and portrayed to children in an effort to discourage bad behavior


autisme

Borrowed from Dutch autisme, from German Autismus.

(psychiatry, clinical psychology) autism


vokal

From Dutch vocaal (“vowel”), from Latin vōcālis.
* Semantic loan from English vocal, except the sense “vowel”.


Atena

Learned borrowing from Latin Athēna (“Athena”), from Ancient Greek Ἀθηνᾶ (Athēnâ).

lbor

(Greek mythology) the goddess of wisdom, especially strategic warfare, the arts, and especially crafts, in particular, weaving; daughter of Zeus and Metis. Her Roman counterpart is Minerva


fungsi

fungsi-fungsi (plural)
funksi (alternative obsolete)

From Malay fungsi, from Dutch functie, from French fonction, from Middle French function, ultimately from Latin functiō.

memfungsikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

(linguistics) a way of achieving an aim using language


resistans

résistans (canonical)
resistans-resistans (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch résistance, from French résistance, from Latin resistentia.

(psychology) the forces that counteract progress in psychoanalysis and psychotherapy


sosiologi

From Dutch sociologie, from French sociologie, coined by Auguste Comte in 1834.

(sociology) sociology: the study of society, human social interaction and the rules and processes that bind and separate people not only as individuals, but as members of associations, groups and institutions


asana

From Sanskrit आसन (āsana). Doublet of angsana.

(archaeology) related to definitions above


artikel

artikêl (canonical)
artikel-artikel (plural)

From Dutch artikel, from Latin articulus (“a joint, limb, member, part, division, the article in grammar, a point of time”); prop. diminutive of artus (“a joint”), from ar (“to fit, join”).

der

(linguistics) a part of speech that indicates, specifies and limits a noun (a, an, or the in English)


pragmatisme

→ Malay: pragmatisme

Borrowed from Dutch pragmatisme (“pragmatism”).


diftong

From Dutch diftong, from Middle French diphtongue, from Latin diphthongus, from Ancient Greek δίφθογγος (díphthongos).


eugenika

eugenika-eugenika (plural)
اييوݢينيک (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from English eugenics.


pedofil

id-adj

pedofil (comparative lebih pedofil, superlative paling pedofil)

lebih pedofil (comparative)
paling pedofil (superlative)

Borrowed from Dutch pedofiel, from Ancient Greek παιδοφῐ́λης (paidophĭ́lēs).


otonomi

From earlier autonomi, from Dutch autonomie, from Ancient Greek αὐτονομία (autonomía). Cognate of Afrikaans outonomie.

(philosophy) the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision


aksioma

Borrowed from Dutch axioma, from Latin axiōma, from Ancient Greek ἀξίωμα (axíōma). Compare Kuala Lumpur Standard Malay aksiom.


anomi

Borrowed from Dutch anomie, from French anomie, from Ancient Greek ἀνομία (anomía, “lawlessness”), from Ancient Greek ἄνομος (ánomos, “lawless”).

(anthropology, sociology, psychology) anomie: alienation or social instability caused by erosion of standards and values


absolutisme

absolutismê (canonical)
absolutisme-absolutisme (plural)

Affixed absolut + -isme, from Dutch absolutisme, from French absolutisme.

(philosophy) belief in a metaphysical absolute; belief in Absolute


kaidah

kaidah-kaidah (plural)
kaedah (alternative)

From Malay kaidah (Standard Malay kaédah), from Arabic قَاعِدَة (qāʕida).

(biology, chemistry, economics, linguistics, physics) a regulation, law, guideline


informan

(linguistics) a native speaker who acts as a linguistic reference for a language being studied. The informant demonstrates native pronunciation, provides grammaticality judgments regarding linguistic well-formedness, and may also explain cultural references and other important contextual information


jadi

From Arabic اَلْجَدْي (al-jady, “young goat, Capricorn”).


verba

From Dutch verba (“verbs”), from Latin verba, verbum, from Proto-Italic *werβom, from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰh₁om (“word”).

(grammar) verb, a word that indicates an action, event, or state


infinitif

Borrowed from Dutch infinitief (“infinitive”), from Old French infinitif, from Latin īnfīnītīvus.


klausa

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin clausa, diminutive of clausula (“close, end; a clause, close of a period”)), from Latin clausus, past participle of claudere (“to shut, close”). Doublet of klausul.

lbor

(grammar) clause: a verb, its necessary grammatical arguments, and any adjuncts affecting them


unipolar

id-adj

unipolar (comparative lebih unipolar, superlative paling unipolar)

lebih unipolar (comparative)
paling unipolar (superlative)

(medicine, politics, psychology) unipolar


sadisme

sadismê (canonical)
sadisme-sadisme (plural)

From Dutch sadisme, from French sadisme, after Marquis de Sade.


kalke

From Dutch calque, from French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”), from calquer (“to copy, trace”), itself borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”).

der

(linguistics) calque: a word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language


integrasi

intêgrasi (canonical)
integrasi-integrasi (plural)

From Dutch integratie, ultimately from Latin integratio.

(politics, government, sociology) the process of fitting into a community, notably applied to 'visible' (ethnic, immigrant...) minorities


datif

From Dutch datief, from French datif, from Latin dativus.


idealisme

idealismê (canonical)
idealisme-idealisme (plural)

Internationalism, affixed ideal + -isme, borrowed from Dutch idealisme, from French idéalisme.

(philosophy) an approach to philosophical enquiry, which asserts that direct and immediate knowledge can only be had of ideas or mental pictures


indeks

indèks (canonical)
indeks-indeks (plural)

(linguistics) a type of noun where the meaning of the form changes with respect to the context


morfologi

From Dutch morfologie, from Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ) + λόγος (lógos).

a scientific study of form and structure, usually without regard to function, especially:

(linguistics) the study of the internal structure of morphemes (words and their semantic building blocks)


sonder

sondér (canonical)
sonder-sonder (plural)


tesaurus

Borrowed from Dutch thesaurus, from Latin thēsaurus, from Ancient Greek θησαυρός (thēsaurós, “storehouse, treasure”).

(information science) a hierarchy of subject headings: canonical titles of themes and topics, the titles serving as search keys


patriarki

Internationalism, perhaps borrowed from English patriarchy, from Latin patriarchia, from Byzantine Greek πατριαρχία (patriarkhía), from Koine Greek πατριάρχης (patriárkhēs, “patriarch”), from πατρία (patría) and ἄρχω (árkhō). Doublet of patriarkat.

(anthropology, history) a social system in which the father is head of the household, having authority over women and children, and in which lineage is traced through the male line


kelas

kêlas (canonical)
kelas-kelas (plural)
klas (alternative)

From Dutch klas (“classroom”) and klasse (“class”), from French classe, from Middle French classe, from Latin classis. Doublet of klasis. Not inherited from Malay kelas, which is from English class.
* Semantic loan from English class for all senses other than “classroom” and “grade”.

(sociology) a social grouping, based on job, wealth, etc.


partikel

partikêl (canonical)
partikel-partikel (plural)

From Dutch partikel, from Middle Dutch partikele, from Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). Doublet of parsel and persil.

(linguistics) a part of speech which cannot be inflected: an adverb, preposition, conjunction or interjection


adjektiva

adjektiva-adjektiva (plural)
adjektif (alternative)
ajektiva (alternative)
ajektif (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin adjectīva, adjectivus (“adjectival”).


defensi

défènsi (canonical)
defensi-defensi (plural)

From Dutch defensie, from Middle Dutch defensie, from Latin dēfensiō.

(psychology) defense mechanism, defence mechanism: an unconscious psychological operation that functions to protect a person from anxiety-producing thoughts and feelings related to internal conflicts and outer stressors


pronomina

Borrowed from Dutch pronomina, plural form of pronomen, from Latin prōnōmen.

(grammar) pronoun: a type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective


absolutis

id-adj

absolutis (comparative lebih absolutis, superlative paling absolutis)

lebih absolutis (comparative)
paling absolutis (superlative)

Affixed absolut + -is, borrowed from Dutch absolutistisch.

(philosophy) absolutist, absolute (pertaining to metaphysical absolutes)


absolutis

Affixed absolut + -is, borrowed from Dutch absolutist.

(philosophy) absolutist (one believing in metaphysical absolutes)


varian

From Dutch variant, from French variant or variante, from Latin variāns.

(Standard Malay)

(linguistics) one of a set of words or other linguistic forms that conveys the same meaning or serves the same function


desibel

dèsibêl (canonical)
desibel-desibel (plural)

Affixed desi- + bel, from Dutch decibel, from English decibel.

(acoustics, linguistics) decibel: A common measure of sound intensity ratio that is one tenth of a bel on the logarithmic intensity scale. It is defined as dB = 10 log₁₀(P₁ / P₂), where P₁ and P₂ are the relative powers of the sound


predikat

prédikat (canonical)
predikat-predikat (plural)

From Dutch predicaat, from Middle French predicat (French prédicat), from post-classical Late Latin praedicātum (“thing said of a subject”), a noun use of the neuter past participle of praedicō (“I proclaim”).

der

Kalimat sekurangnya terdiri atas subyek dan predikat.

A sentence shall at least consist of a subject and a predicate.

(grammar) predicate (the part of the sentence (or clause) which states something about the subject or the object of the sentence)


mobilitas

(anthropology, sociology) people's ability to move between different social levels or professional occupations


empati

èmpati (canonical)
empati-empati (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch empathie, from Ancient Greek ἐμπάθεια (empátheia, literally “passion”).

identification with or understanding of the thoughts, feelings, or emotional state of another person

capacity to understand another person's point of view or the result of such understanding


kolonialisme

Affixed kolonial + -isme, borrowed from Dutch kolonialisme.

(government, history, politics) colonialism


Bajau

(ethnology) the indigenous people native to the Bajau island (part of the Riau Islands)

(linguistic) the native language of Bajau people predominantly spoken in Bajau island and its adjacent regions


aneksi

(linguistics) nonidiomatic combination of basic morphemes


protektorat

(government, history, politics) protectorate (a protected autonomous state)


saraf

From Malay saraf, from Arabic صَرْف (ṣarf).


TPS

tes potensi skolastik
tes potensi skolastik#Indonesian

(education, psychology) Initialism of tes potensi skolastik.


waham

From Arabic وَهْم (wahm, “imagination, fancy”), with possibly phono-semantic matching of Dutch waan (“delusion”).


aksen

Borrowed from Dutch accent, from Middle Dutch accent, ultimately from Latin accentus.

(linguistics) a higher-pitched or stronger articulation of a particular syllable of a word or phrase in order to distinguish it from the others or to emphasize it

(linguistics) the distinctive manner of pronouncing a language associated with a particular region, social group, etc., whether of a native speaker or a foreign speaker; the phonetic and phonological aspects of a dialect


hibrida

hibrida-hibrida (plural)
hibrid (alternative)

(linguistics) a word whose elements are derived from different languages


apoteosis

Borrowed from Latin apotheōsis, from Ancient Greek ἀποθέωσις (apothéōsis).


elipsis

Learned borrowing from Latin ellipsis, from Ancient Greek ἔλλειψις (élleipsis, “omission”).

der

(grammar) the omission of a word or phrase that can be inferred from the context


konsonan

From Dutch consonant, from Old French consonant, from Latin cōnsonāns (“sounding with”), from the prefix con- (“with”) + the present participle sonāns (“sounding”), from sonāre (“to sound”).


tegangan

têgangan (canonical)
tegangan-tegangan (plural)

Affixed tegang (“tense”) + -an. Semantic loan from Dutch spanning (“tension, voltage”) for physics, psychology and literature senses, see also the loanword spaning.

sl

(psychology) psychological state of being tense

tension:
psychological state of being tense


pluralisme

From Dutch pluralisme (“pluralism”), from French pluralisme (“pluralism”). Reconstructed as plural + -isme.

(sociology) a social system that permits smaller groups within a society to maintain their individual cultural identities


apsara

From Sanskrit अप्सरस् (apsaras). Doublet of apsari.


ragam

From Malay ragam, from Sanskrit राग (rāga). Doublet of raga and ragi.


atomisme

atomismê (canonical)
atomisme-atomisme (plural)

Affixed atom + -isme, borrowed from Dutch atomisme.

(philosophy) atomism: the ancient Greek theory that all matter is composed of very small indestructible and indivisible particles; the doctrine that society arises from individuals and that larger structures are unimportant


tipologi

(Standard Malay)

(archaeology) the result of the classification of things according to their characteristics

(linguistics) classification of languages according to their linguistic trait (as opposed to ancestrality like Romance languages)


serap

head

sêrap (active menyerap, passive diserap)

sêrap (canonical)
menyerap (active)
diserap (passive)
sêrêp (alternative)

Inherited from Malay serap, from Classical Malay سرڤ (serap), from Proto-Malayic *sərəp, possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *səʀəp (“to penetrate”).

serapan

absorption, something that is absorbed; borrowing (of words, etc)

(linguistics) to borrow (to adopt a word from another language)


TPA

tes potensi akademik
tes potensi akademik#Indonesian

(education, psychology) Initialism of tes potensi akademik (“academic potential test”).


autohipnosis

(psychology) autohypnosis, autohypnotization, self-hypnosis


ASPD

antisocial personality disorder
antisocial personality disorder#English

(psychiatry) Initialism of antisocial personality disorder.


pangkal

pangkal-pangkal (plural)
mangkal (alternative)

(linguistics) stem (The main part of an uninflected word to which affixes may be added to form inflections of the word)


Kalimantan

→ English: Kalimantan

→ Dutch: Kalimantan

Unknown
* possibly from Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”) + मन्थन (manthana, “churning”).
* possibly from Javanese ("diamond river")

compound

(anthropology) a member of a tribe or ethnic and linguistic group native to Kalimantan island


agresi

agrèsi (canonical)
agresi-agresi (plural)

From Dutch agressie (“aggression”), from Middle French agression, from Latin aggressiō.

, kegarhaan, kelangsangan (Standard Malay)

(education, psychology) hostile or destructive behavior or actions


objek

From English object. Replaced earlier obyek.

(grammar) object: The noun phrase which is an internal complement of a verb phrase or a prepositional phrase. In a verb phrase with a transitive action verb, it is typically the receiver of the action


padmasana

From Sanskrit पद्मासन (padmāsana, “lotus seat”), a compound of पद्म (padma, “lotus”) + आसन (āsana, “asana”). Equal to padma + asana.

compound

(archaeology, literal) a lotus-shaped seat

(archaeology) padmasana, the lotus position


bajau

(anthropology) a group of people who lives on boats, inhabit the seawater or strait between the east coast of Sumatra and Kalimantan (known as Riau Islands; specifically the Bajau island), and also in some part of Sulawesi and Flores seawater


duktus

(linguistics) the number of strokes that make up a written letter, and the direction, sequence and speed in which they are written


diskursus

Learned borrowing from Latin discursus (“running about”). Semantic loan from Dutch discours (“discourse”).

sl

(social sciences) an institutionalized way of thinking, a social boundary defining what can be said about a specific topic


sandi

From Malay sandi, from Sanskrit सन्धि (sandhi), संधि (saṃdhi). Doublet of sendi.

(phonology) sandhi: any of a wide variety of phonological processes that occur at morpheme or word boundaries, such as the fusion of sounds across word boundaries and the alteration of sounds due to neighboring sounds or due to the grammatical function of adjacent words


jumlah

jumlah-jumlah (plural)
jumlah (root)
menjumlah (active nominative)
terjumlah (nominative passive)
dijumlah (nominative passive)
jumlahlah (nominative)
menjumlahi (active)
dijumlahi (passive)
jumlahi
jumlahilah
menjumlahkan (active)
terjumlahkan (passive)
dijumlahkan (passive)
jumlahkan
jumlahkanlah
djoemlah (alternative)
djumlah (alternative)

From Malay jumlah, from Classical Malay jumlah, from Arabic جُمْلَة (jumla).
* The sense “sentence” is a semantic loan from Arabic جُمْلَة (jumla).


logat

Ultimately derived from Arabic لُغَة (luḡa, “language”).

der+

(linguistics, sociolinguistics) accent (The distinctive manner of pronouncing a language associated with a particular region, social group, etc., whether of a native speaker or a foreign speaker; the phonetic and phonological aspects of a dialect)

(linguistics) dialect; idiom; vernacular (a variety of a language)


anastilosis

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Ancient Greek αναστήλωσις (anastḗlōsis).

lbor

(archaeology) anastylosis: the reassembly of ruined monuments or other artifacts from remaining fragments in an archeologically responsible way (with use of modern materials when needed)


ARFID

avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder#English

(psychiatry) Initialism of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder.


performa

pêrforma (canonical)
performa-performa (plural)

From Dutch performance, from English performance or French performance.

linguistic performance
linguistic performance

(linguistics) the actual use of language in concrete situations by native speakers of a language, as opposed to the system of linguistic knowledge they possess (competence), cf. linguistic performance


kontur

From Dutch contour, from French contour.

(linguistics) a speech sound which behaves as a single segment, but which makes an internal transition from one quality, place, or manner to another


ciri

Inherited from Malay چيري (ciri), from Javanese ꦕꦶꦫꦶ (ciri, “sign, identifying mark, scar”), from Old Javanese ciri (“sign, distinctive mark, evidence”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">ciri</i>

der

(linguistics) the elements into which linguistic units can be broken down


beku

From Malay beku, from Classical Malay beku.

(grammar, figurative) frozen (old or obsolete and operates only on a specific word or phrase)


dialektika

dialèktika (canonical)
dialektika-dialektika (plural)
dialéktik (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin dialectica.


anamnese

(medicine, psychology) alternative spelling of anamnesis


yupa

From Sanskrit यूप (yūpa, “post, pillar”).


suku kata

Compound of suku (“part”) + kata (“word”), from Malay suku kata. Compare to Chinese 音節／音节 (“syllable”, literally “sound + section”).


aturan

aturan-aturan (plural)
atoeran (alternative)

Inherited from Malay aturan. Equivalent to atur + -an. The term was used to replace and translate various loanwords as follows.
* Replaced Dutch bepaling (“provision”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.
* Replaced Dutch regeling (“arrangement”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.
* Translation of Japanese 政令(せいれい) (seirei, “ordinance, government decree”) as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah. See also sirei.


oligarki

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch oligarchie (“oligarchy”), Ancient Greek ὀλιγαρχία (oligarkhía, “oligarchy”).


kata nama

Compound of kata (“word”) + nama (“name”), calque of Dutch naamwoord (“noun”, literally “name + word”).


pengetahuan

pêngêtahuan (canonical)
pengetahuan-pengetahuan (plural)

Inherited from Malay pengetahuan. Equivalent to ke- + tahu + peng- -an.

knowledge
(philosophy) justified true belief


deret

deret-deret (plural)
teret (alternative)

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">dérét</i>

(phonology) a set of consonants that share a particular phonetic or phonological feature


konteks

From Dutch context, from Middle French contexte or Latin contextus.

(linguistics) the text in which a word or passage appears and which helps ascertain its meaning


nahu

From Malay nahu, from Arabic نَحْو (naḥw).


pinjam terjemah

id-noun

pinjam terjemah (plural pinjam-pinjam terjemah)

Compound of pinjam (“borrow”) + terjemah (“translate”), calque of Dutch leenvertaling.

com

Kata "sepeda motor" adalah kata pinjam terjemah dari bahasa Belanda "motorfiets".

The word "sepeda motor" is a calque of the Dutch "motorfiets".

(linguistics) a word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language


himpunan

From himpun + -an.
* The sense in set theory is semantic loan from Dutch verzameling (“set”, literally “collection”).

sl

himpunan transformasi bujur-sangkar Latin


rumus

From Malay rumus, from Arabic رُمُوز (rumūz), plural of رَمْز (ramz, “cipher, code”).

(biology, chemistry, linguistics, literature, physics) formula


gatra

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦠꦿ (gatra), from Sanskrit गात्र (gātra, “body”).

(linguistics) a grammatical quality of a verb which determines the relationship of the speaker to the internal temporal flow of the event which the verb describes, or whether the speaker views the event from outside as a whole, or from within as it is unfolding


diri

From Malay diri, from Proto-Malayic *diri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *diRi (“to stand”).

inh

(psychology) ego: The most central part of the mind, which mediates with one's surroundings


kata sifat

* From Malay kata sifat. Reconstructed as kata + sifat.
* Semantic loan from Arabic صِفَات (ṣifāt), plural of صِفَة (ṣifa, “adjective”) for adjective sense.


dialek

Borrowed from Dutch dialect, from Middle French dialecte, from Latin dialectos, dialectus, from Ancient Greek διάλεκτος (diálektos, “conversation, the language of a country or a place or a nation, the local idiom which derives from a dominant language”), from διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “I participate in a dialogue”), from διά (diá, “inter, through”) + λέγω (légō, “I speak”).

der

(strict sense) a lect (often a regional or minority language) as part of a group or family of languages, especially if they are viewed as a single language, or if contrasted with a standardized idiom that is considered the 'true' form of the language (for example, Bavarian as contrasted with Standard German)

(broad sense) a variety of a language that is characteristic of a particular area, community, or social group, differing from other varieties of the same language in relatively minor ways as regards grammar, phonology, and lexicon


kesalingan

Inherited from Malay kesalingan. Equivalent to saling + ke- -an.


imbuh

head

imbuh (active mengimbuh, passive diimbuh)


dialektik

dialèktik (canonical)
dialektik-dialektik (plural)


kala lampau

From kala + lampau. Calque of English past tense.


wicara

From Javanese ꦮꦶꦕꦫ (wicara), from Old Javanese wicāra, from Sanskrit विचार (vicāra, “thought, discussion”). Doublet of bicara, [Term?], and to talk.


awalan

(grammar, linguistic morphology) a morpheme added to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning


akhiran

akhiran-akhiran (plural)
achiran (alternative)

* From Malay akhiran, from Classical Malay اخيران (akhiran, “finish”). Equivalent to akhir + -an.
* The sense “suffix” is a semantic loan from English suffix.


bahasa baku

head

bahasa baku (plural bahasa-bahasa baku, first-person possessive bahasa bakuku, second-person possessive bahasa bakumu, third-person possessive bahasa bakunya)

bahasa-bahasa baku (plural)
bahasa bakuku (first-person possessive)
bahasa bakumu (possessive second-person)
bahasa bakunya (possessive third-person)

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + baku (“standard”), calque of Dutch standaardtaal (“standard language”).

clq

Bahasa baku itu dianggap lebih baik daripada ragam bahasa yang lain.

It is assumed that the standard register is better than other language varieties.

Bahasa baku mendukung empat fungsi.

Standard language supports four functions.

Nadin menjelaskan bahwa dirinya kerap menggunakan bahasa baku dalam berbicara sehari-hari.

Nadin said that she usually uses the standard register in her day-to-day speech.

(sociolinguistics) standard language: A form of a language that is institutionally promoted, regarded as the most "correct" or neutral variety; used by a population for public and formal purposes


isolek

(linguistics) isolect, idiom (neutral term between ‘language’ and ‘dialect’)


pelaku

pêlaku (canonical)
pelaku-pelaku (plural)

Affixed per- + laku. The sense of crime is a semantic loan from Dutch dader.

(sociology) an individual engaging with the social structure

(philosophy) agent performs for a purpose, that is guided by the person's intention


kamerad

kamêrad (canonical)
kamerad-kamerad (plural)

From Dutch kameraad, from French camarade, from Spanish camarada or Italian camerata, from Medieval Latin *camarata, from Latin camara, camera (“a chamber”). Doublet of kamar and kamera.

(communism) comrade (a fellow socialist, communist or other similarly politically aligned person)

a non-hierarchical title, functionally similar to "Mr.", "Mrs.", "Miss", "Ms." etc, in a communist or socialist state.


tutur

id-noun

tutur (countable and uncountable, plural tutur-tutur)

Inherited from Malay tutur, from Proto-Malayic *tutur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tutur (“to speak clearly and deliberately”). Compare Tagalog tutol (“objection, appeal”).

inh

(linguistics) parole (language in use, as opposed to language as a system)


laksana

Inherited from Malay laksana, from Sanskrit लक्षण (lakṣaṇa, “characteristic, trait”).
* The senses of action, doing, performing are semantic loan from Old Javanese lakṣaṇa (“action, doing”), from the same Sanskrit word.

sl

(archaeology) the characteristic of a statue


agnostisisme

From Dutch agnosticisme, from French agnosticisme, from English agnosticism.


turunan

Affixed turun (“descent”) + -an, inherited from Malay turunan, from, Classical Malay turunan (“descendant”). The sense “derivative” is a semantic loan from English derivative.

(linguistics) a word that derives from another one

derivative:
a word that derives from another one


menurunkan

Inherited from Malay menurunkan,
from Classical Malay menurunkan. Equivalent to
From turun + meng- -kan.

(active voice, transitive, linguistics) to derive


kanonis

id-adj

kanonis (comparative lebih kanonis, superlative paling kanonis)

lebih kanonis (comparative)
paling kanonis (superlative)

(mathematics, linguistics) in canonical form


wilapa

Borrowed from Sanskrit विलाप (vilāpa, “lamentation”).


asesmen

asèsmên (canonical)
asesmen-asesmen (plural)

(healthcare, medicine, psychiatry, psychology) identifies needs of the patient or client and how those needs will be addressed


kosakata

Compound of kosa (“treasure, treasury; possessions, property, wealth”) + kata (“word”), calque of Dutch woordenschat (“vocabulary”, literally “word treasure”).

clq

...kosakata Indonesia tjukuplah orang membandingkan „Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia„ tahun 1952 buatan W. J. S. Poerwadarminta dengan sebuah kamus buatan sebelum perang (misalnja kamus Klinkert atau Van Ronkel).

1957, Tardjan Hadidjaja, Asas-asas pendidikan bahasa ibu bagi anak Djawa, Ganaco:

...Indonesian vocabulary(,) it is enough to compare the 1952 "General Dictionary of the Indonesian Language" by W. J. S. Poerwadarminta with a dictionary made before the war (for example the Klinkert or Van Ron dictionary).


dokumen

dokumèn (canonical)
dokumen-dokumen (plural)

→ Tetum: dokumén

From Dutch document, from Latin documentum.

(information science) an object conveying information by whatever means, capable of being indexed alongside other similar objects


kumba

From Sanskrit कुम्भ (kumbha, “jar, pitcher”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kʰumbʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kʰumbʰás. Doublet of kom.

(astrology, astronomy) the sign of the zodiac Aquarius


katakomba

From Dutch catacombe, from French catacombe, from Late Latin catacumbas, name of the underground cemetery of St. Sebastian in Rome, dissimilation of cata- (“among”) + tumbas, from Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “under”) + τύμβος (túmbos, “swell”).


acala

Affixed a- + *cala, from Sanskrit अचल (acala, “immovable”, literally “mountain, rock”).


artefak

artêfak (canonical)
artefak-artefak (plural)
artifak (alternative)

From Dutch artefact, from Latin arte (“by skill”) + factum (“thing made”).

compound

(anthropology) an object made or shaped by human hand or labor;

(anthropology) something viewed as a product of human agency or conception rather than an inherent element

(archaeology) an object, such as a tool, ornament, or weapon of archaeological or historical interest, especially such an object found at an archaeological excavation


ekskavasi

èkskavasi (canonical)
ekskavasi-ekskavasi (plural)

From Dutch excavatie, from Latin excavātiō (“a hollowing out”).


prasasti

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦿꦱꦱ꧀ꦠꦶ (prasasti, “ancient inscription”), from Old Javanese praśasti (“charter, edict, inscription”), from Sanskrit प्रशस्ति (praśasti, “eulogistic inscription”).

der

(archaeology) stele, tall, slender stone monument


namaskara

From Sanskrit नमस्कार (namaskāra, “respectful greeting”), a compound of नमस् (namas, “bow, obeisance”) + कार (kāra, “action”).

compound

(archaeology) position in which one puts one's hands together and bows slightly as greeting


osuari

From English ossuary, from Late Latin ossuārium (“charnel house”), from ossuārius (“of or for bones”), from compound of Latin os (“bone”) + adjectival suffix -ārius (“of, related to”).


Kanser

From Latin cancer (“crab”). Doublet of kanker.


kecemasan

kêcêmasan (canonical)
kecemasan-kecemasan (plural)

(Standard Malay)

(psychology, psychiatry) a state of restlessness and agitation, often accompanied by a distressing sense of oppression or tightness in the stomach


dalil

From Arabic دَلِيل (dalīl, “sign, indication, proof, demonstration, evidence, argument”).

der

(philosophy) proposition (the abstract contents of a statement, without reference to its formulation)


akibat

Inherited from Malay akibat, from Classical Malay عاقبة (akibat), from Arabic عَاقِبَة (ʕāqiba, “consequence; obstacle”). Compare Tagalog akibat.

gangguan suasana hati akibat halusinogen

kehilangan pendengaran akibat kebisingan

teorema akibat
teorema akibat#Indonesian

(mathematics, logic) ellipsis of teorema akibat (“corollary”)


fenghuang

Borrowed from Mandarin 鳳凰／凤凰 (fènghuáng).

(Chinese mythology, Japanese mythology) fenghuang


inteligensi

intêligènsi (canonical)
inteligensi-inteligensi (plural)

From Dutch intelligentie, from Old French intelligence, from Latin intelligentia. Doublet of intelijen and inteligensia.

(psychology) intelligence, capacity of mind


kondominium

From Dutch condominium, from Latin condominium.

(sociology, in extension) shared ownership


eksaminasi

èksaminasi (canonical)
eksaminasi-eksaminasi (plural)

From Dutch examinatie, from Latin exāminātiō.

(linguistics) examination of authenticity

examination,
examination of authenticity


adiksi

From Dutch addictie, from Latin addictiō.

(medicine, psychology) addiction, a state that is characterized by compulsive drug use or compulsive engagement in rewarding behavior, despite negative consequences


syok

From Dutch shock, from English shock, from Middle Dutch schokken (“to push, jolt, shake, jerk”) or Middle French choquer (“to collide with, clash”), from Old Dutch *skokkan (“to shake up and down, shog”), from Proto-Germanic *skukkaną (“to move, shake, tremble”).

(psychology) a sudden or violent mental or emotional disturbance


nisbah

Inherited from Malay nisbah, from Classical Malay nisbah, from Arabic نِسْبَة (nisba). The sense in Arabic grammar and Islamic finance are semantic borrowings from the same Arabic word.

(Arabic grammar) nisba: a common suffix to form adjectives of relation or pertinence


adjektif

From Dutch adjectief, from Middle French adjectif, from Latin adiectīvus.

(linguistics, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of adjektiva (“adjective”)


amalaka

From Sanskrit आमलक (āmalaka, “emblic, Indian gooseberry”).

(archaeology) amalaka: a segmented or notched stone disk, usually with ridges on the rim, that sits on the top of a Hindu temple's shikhara or main tower


anugrahamurti

From Sanskrit अनुग्रहमूर्ति (anugrahamūrti) (अनुग्रह (anugraha) + मूर्ति (mūrti)).

अनुग्रहमूर्ति

(archaeology) boon-conferring aspects of Shiva


arupadatu

From Sanskrit आरूपधातु (ārūpadhātu, “formless realm”) (आ (ā) + रूप (rūpa) + धातु (dhātu).


netral

nètral (canonical)
néutral (alternative)

From Dutch neutral, from late Middle Dutch neutrael, from Middle French neutral, from Old French neutral, from Latin neutrālis, itself from neuter (“neither”).

(linguistics) neuter, neither masculin nor feminine


kelompok

kêlompok (canonical)
kelompok-kelompok (plural)

From Malay kelompok, from Classical Malay kelompok.

(anthropology, politics) a number of things or persons being in some relation to one another


derivatif

From Dutch derivatief, from Middle French dérivatif, from Latin dērīvātus, perfect passive participle of dērīvō (“I derive”).

derivative,
(linguistics) derived from root word


kodifikasi

(law, linguistics, management) codification

the process of precisely formulating a statement, such as a code of laws

the act or result of arranging something into a code; the act of setting down a body of knowledge in a systematic way


bahasa ibu

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + ibu (“mother”), calque of Dutch moedertaal.

(linguistics) mother tongue, native language, first language, the language one first learned; the language one grew up with


bahasa buatan

From bahasa (“language”) + buatan (“artificial”).

compound

constructed language
constructed language

(linguistics) constructed language, a human language that has been consciously devised by an individual or a small group, as opposed to having naturally evolved as part of a culture like a natural language


bahasa gaul

From bahasa (“language”) + gaul (“friendship, socialisation”).

language outside of conventional usage and in the informal register,

the specialized language of a social group, sometimes used to make what is said unintelligible to those not members of the group


bahasa halus

From bahasa (“language”) + halus (“refined”).


bahasa kasar

From bahasa (“language”) + kasar (“crude, rude”).

(linguistics) offensive register, causing offense; arousing a visceral reaction of disgust, anger, or hatred


bahasa klasik

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + klasik (“classical”), partial calque of Dutch klassieke talen (klassieke + talen).

com

(linguistics, literature) a classical language


bahasa kuno

From bahasa (“language”) + kuno (“ancient”).

(linguistics) ancient language, any language originating in times that may be referred to as ancient


bahasa pasar

id-noun

bahasa pasar (plural bahasa-bahasa pasar)

From bahasa (“language”) + pasar (“market”).

(linguistics) trade language, vehicular language


bahasa resmi

From bahasa (“language”) + resmi (“official”).

compound

(linguistics) official language, a language afforded an elevated status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction, typically for government use


bahasa asing

From bahasa (“language”) + asing (“foreign”).

a language that is not widely or officially spoken in a particular place

a language that is not one's native tongue


bahasa dagang

id-noun

bahasa dagang (plural bahasa-bahasa dagang)

From bahasa (“language”) + dagang (“trade”).


bahasa mati

From bahasa (“language”) + mati (“dead”).

(linguistics) dead language, a language which no longer has any native speakers


amplifikasi

From Dutch amplificatie, from Latin amplificātiō.

(linguistics) a translation technique that involves adding content that is not present in the source text to the target text, usually to improve the fluency of the translation

(linguistics) a figure of speech that adds importance to increase its rhetorical effect


intonasi

From Dutch intonatie, from French intonation.

(linguistics) the rise and fall of the voice in speaking.The rise and fall of the voice in speaking


koordinasi

From Dutch coördinatie, from Middle French coordination, from Late Latin coordinationem (accusative of coordinatio), from Latin coordinare.

(linguistics) an equal joining together of two or more phrases or clauses, for example, using and, or, or but


determinisme

determinismê (canonical)
determinisme-determinisme (plural)

(philosophy) determinism: the doctrine that all actions are determined by the current state and immutable laws of the universe, with no possibility of choice


penanda

(linguistics) identifier: the sound of spoken word or string of letters on a page that a person recognizes as a sign; signifier


kala kini

From kala + kini. Calque of English present tense.


kala akan datang

From kala + akan datang. Calque of English future tense.


ilmu saraf

ilmu-ilmu saraf (plural)
ilmoe saraf (alternative)

Compound of ilmu + saraf, from Malay ilmu saraf, from Classical Malay ilmu saraf, from Arabic عِلْم الصَّرْف (ʕilm aṣ-ṣarf).

der

عِلْم الصَّرْف

Arabic عِلْم الصَّرْف (ʕilm aṣ-ṣarf)

(linguistics) morphology: the study of the internal structure of morphemes (words and their semantic building blocks)


mizan

From Malay mizan, from Arabic مِيزَان (mīzān).


lingkungan

inherited from Malay lingkungan, from Classical Malay lingkungan (“area”). Equivalent to lingkungan + -an.
* The sense “environment” is a semantic loan from Dutch omgeving.
* The sense “circle, group” is a semantic loan from Dutch kring. Compare to loanword as Indonesian kring (“subdivision of a parish”).

cog

lingkungan tetangga
lingkungan tetangga#Indonesian

(sociology) short for lingkungan tetangga (“neighbourhood”).


kontaminasi

From Dutch contaminatie, from Latin contāminātiō.

(linguistics) the influence of one form (often from a foreign language) on the historical development of another form to which it may be related in meaning


nyeri

→ Javanese: ꦚꦼꦫꦶ (nyeri)

Probably affixed iri (“envious, jealous”) + meng-, borrowed from Sundanese nyeri (“ill, sick; pain”). Compare to Javanese ꦱꦼꦫꦶꦏ꧀ (serik, “offended, irritated”), Javanese ꦱꦫꦶꦏ꧀ (sarik, “extraordinary (magic) power”).

ncog

(medicine, psychology) pain: an ache or bodily suffering, or an instance of this; an unpleasant sensation, resulting from a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence; hurt


taksaka

Borrowed from Javanese ꦠꦏ꧀ꦱꦏ (taksaka, “snake”), from Old Javanese takṣaka, from Sanskrit तक्षक (takṣaka).

bor+

(mythology) snake, specifically Takshaka


antisosial

From English antisocial. Equivalent to anti- + sosial.

(psychiatry, psychology) antisocial: opposed to social order or the principles of society; hostile toward society


oposisi

From Dutch oppositie, from Middle Dutch opposicie, from Middle French [Term?], from Old French oposicion, from Late Latin oppositio, translating Ancient Greek ἀντίθεσις (antíthesis), from the past participle stem of classical Latin oppōnere (“to set against”).

(linguistics) the opposition between two linguistic elements to show differences in meaning


stratifikasi

From Dutch stratificatie, from French stratification, from Medieval Latin stratificatio, from Latin stratum.

(sociology) society's categorization of people into socioeconomic strata


adolesens

adolèsêns (canonical)
adolesens-adolesens (plural)


afek

From Dutch affect, from Latin affectus, adfectus (“a state of mind or body produced by some (external) influence, especially sympathy or love”), from afficere (“to act upon, influence”).

(psychology, psychiatry) affect: a subjective feeling experienced in response to a thought or other stimulus; mood, emotion, especially as demonstrated in external physical signs


narsisme

narsismê (canonical)
narsisme-narsisme (plural)

From Dutch narcisme, from German Narzissmus. Doublet of narsisisme.


konstituen

From Dutch constituent, from Latin cōnstituēns, present participle of cōnstituō (“I establish”), from com- (“together”) + statuo (“I set, place, establish”).

(linguistics) a functional element of a phrase or clause


swakontradiksi

From swa- (“self-, auto-”) + kontradiksi (“contradiction”). Calque of English self-contradiction.


deviasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch deviatie, from Middle French deviation, from Medieval Latin deviatio.

(sociology) deviance: Actions or behaviors that violate formal and informal cultural norms such as laws and customs


efikasi

From English efficacy, from Old French efficace, from Late Latin efficācia (“efficacy”), efficāx (“efficacious”).

(medicine, pharmacology, psychology) efficacy:

the ability to produce a desired effect under ideal testing conditions

a degree of ability to produce a desired effect; effectiveness


likuida

id-adj

likuida (comparative lebih likuida, superlative paling likuida)

lebih likuida (comparative)
paling likuida (superlative)

From Dutch liquida, from Middle English liquide, from Old French liquide, from Latin liquidus (“fluid, liquid, moist”), from liqueō (“to be liquid, be fluid”).

(phonology) liquid: A class of consonant sounds that includes l and r


praba

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦿꦧ (praba), from Old Javanese prabhā, from Sanskrit प्रभा (prabhā, “illumination”).


lewiatan

(biblical, mythology) leviathan: a vast sea monster of tremendous strength, described as the most powerful and dangerous creature in the ocean


silabel

Borrowed from Dutch syllabe, from French syllabe, from Old French sillebe, from Latin syllaba, from Ancient Greek συλλαβή (sullabḗ), from συλλαμβάνω (sullambánō, “I gather together”), from συν- (sun-, “together”) + λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”).


kata kunci

Compound of kata (“word”) + kunci (“key”), calque of Dutch sleutelwoord (“keyword”).

clq

(information science, drama) any word used in a reference work to link to other words or other information

(linguistics) any word that occurs in a text more often than normal


kata majemuk

kata-kata majemuk (plural)
kata majmuk (alternative)

From compound of kata (“word”) + majemuk (“compound”), from calque of Dutch samengesteld woord (“compound word”) (samengesteld + woord).


kompositum

From Dutch compositum, from Latin compositum.


ajektiva

(linguistics, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of adjektiva (“adjective”)


ajektif

From Dutch adjectief, from Middle French adjectif, from Latin adiectīvus.

(linguistics, nonstandard) alternative spelling of adjektiva (“adjective”)


bahasa standar

head

bahasa standar (plural bahasa-bahasa standar, first-person possessive bahasa standarku, second-person possessive bahasa standarmu, third-person possessive bahasa standarnya)

bahasa-bahasa standar (plural)
bahasa standarku (first-person possessive)
bahasa standarmu (possessive second-person)
bahasa standarnya (possessive third-person)

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + standar (“standard”), partial calque of Dutch standaardtaal (“standard language”).

partial calque

Biasanya pemakai bahasa beranggapan bahwa bahasa standar adalah bahasa yang lebih baik dibanding bahasa non-standar.

Language user generally assumed that standard language is better than non-standard language.

Mutu pers ditentukan oleh penggunaan bahasa standar terbaku, baik, dan benar.

Press quality is defined by usage of most standarised, good and right standard language.

Hal ini karena mereka menjadi tolok ukur keberhasilan pemakaian bahasa standar atau baku.

This is because they are success indicator of standard language usage.

standard language
standard language#English

(sociolinguistics) standard language: high language variety, usually as codified by prescriptive authorities


bahasa nasional

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + nasional (“national”), partial calque of Dutch nationale taal.

compound

(linguistics) national language, a language afforded an elevated status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction


bahasa negara

From bahasa (“language”) + negara (“country, state”).


simulakra

Learned borrowing from Latin simulācra, plural of simulācrum.


sensasi

desc

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">sensasi</i>

→ Malay: سينساسي (sensasi)

Borrowed from Dutch sensatie, from French sensation, from Latin sensationem.

(physiology, psychology) excitation of sensory organs


sosialisasi

Affixed sosial + -isasi, from Dutch socialisatie, from French socialisation.

(psychology, sociology) the process of learning how to live in a way acceptable to one's own society, said especially about children


anamnesa

(medicine, psychology) alternative spelling of anamnesis


keterangan

kêtêrangan (canonical)
keterangan-keterangan (plural)

Inherited from Malay keterangan, synchronically analysable as terang + ke- -an.


subjek

subjèk (canonical)
subjek-subjek (plural)
subyek (alternative nonstandard)

Borrowed from Dutch subject, from Latin subiectus (“a subject, an inferior”), subiectum (“the subject of a proposition”), past participle of subiciō (“throw, lay, place”), from sub (“under, at the foot of”) + iaciō (“throw, hurl”). The pronunciation is influenced by English subject.

der

(grammar) the word or word group about whom a statement is made


akomodasi

From Dutch accommodatie, from French accommodation from Latin accommodātiō (“adjustment, accommodation, compliance”), from accommodō (“adapt, put in order”).

(anthropology, sociology) the act of fitting or adapting, or the state of being fitted or adapted; adaptation; adjustment


asimilasi

→ Malay: asimilasi

(linguistics, phonology) a sound change process by which the phonetics of a speech segment becomes more like that of another segment in a word (or at a word boundary), so that a change of phoneme occurs

(sociology) the adoption, by a minority group, of the customs and attitudes of the dominant culture


koersi

From English coercion (regularisation from English -tion into Indonesian -si via Dutch -tie), from Old French cohercion, from Latin coercitiō (“magisterial coercion”), from coercere, past participle coercitus (“to restrain, coerce”), from cum (“with”) + arceō (“to shut in, enclose”).

actual or threatened force for the purpose of compelling action by another person; the act of coercing

use of physical or moral force to compel a person to do something, or to abstain from doing something, thereby depriving that person of the exercise of free will


kognisi

From Dutch cognitie, from Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know”).

the process of knowing, of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought and through the senses

(sociology) cognition:
a result of a cognitive process


institusionalisasi

(psychology) the process of committing a person to a facility where their freedom to leave will be restrained, usually a mental hospital


kohabitasi

From Dutch cohabitatie, from French cohabitation, from Latin cohabitationem.

(anthropology, sociology) an emotional and physical intimate relationship which includes a common living place and which exists without legal or religious sanction


warna bahasa

id-noun

warna bahasa (plural warna-warna bahasa)

Calque of Balinese ᬯᬃᬦᬩᬲ (warna basa, “register”, literally “variety of language”) as warna (“colour”) + bahasa (“language”).

clq

(linguistics) register (a style of a language used in a particular context, which is related to honorific)


amanat

From Malay amanat, from Classical Malay امانت (amanat), from Classical Persian امانت (amānat), from Arabic أَمَانَة (ʔamāna). Doublet of amanah.

amanat anggaran

(communication, linguistics) a communication, or what is communicated; any concept or information conveyed


ansietas

ansiétas (canonical)
ansietas-ansietas (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin anxietas (“anxiety, carefulness”).


tujuan

Affixed tuju + -an, from Malay tujuan. Semantic loan from Dutch oogmerk (“aim, goal”) in law terms.


psikiatri

From Dutch psychiatrie, from French psychiatrie, from Medieval Latin psychiatria.


induksi

From Dutch inductie (“induction”), from Middle Dutch inductie, from Middle French induction indirectly or Latin inductiō.

(logic) derivation of general principles from specific instances


kontraksi

From Dutch contractie, from Middle French contraction, from Old French contraction, from Latin contractiō.

(linguistics) a process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme (a word) are lost or reduced, such that it becomes a bound morpheme (a clitic) that attaches phonologically to an adjacent word


pelengkap

(linguistics) a word or group of words that completes a grammatical construction in the predicate and that describes or is identified with the subject or object


komplemen

komplêmèn (canonical)
komplemen-komplemen (plural)

From Dutch complement, from Latin complementum (“that which fills up or completes”), from compleō (“I fill up, I complete”).


orang ketiga

Compound of orang (literally “party”) + ketiga (“third”).
* for grammar and linguistics senses, calque of Dutch derde persoon (“third person”)
* for sense of other man and other woman, probably calque from Chinese 第三者 (dìsānzhě, “the other man, the other women”, literally “third party”)


variasi

From Dutch variatie, from Middle French variation, from Old French variacion, from Latin variātiō.
* Semantic loan from English variation.

(linguistics) a characteristic of language: there is more than one way of saying the same thing


aspek

From Dutch aspect. Cognate of Afrikaans aspek.

(grammar) a grammatical quality of a verb which determines the relationship of the speaker to the internal temporal flow of the event which the verb describes, or whether the speaker views the event from outside as a whole, or from within as it is unfolding


ilusi

From Dutch illusie, from French illusion, from Old French illusion, from Latin illūsiō, from illūdere, from in- (“at, upon”) + lūdere (“to play, mock, trick”).

(psychology, psychiatry) distortion of the senses, which can reveal how the human brain normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation


wakaf

From Malay wakaf, from Arabic وَقْف (waqf).

(linguistics) pausa, when reading the Qur'an


referensi

réfêrènsi (canonical)
referensi-referensi (plural)

ré‧fê‧rèn‧si

From Dutch referentie, from French référence, presumably from Old French referer (14th century), anyway from Latin referre "to relate, refer", literally "to carry back", itself from re- "back" + ferre "to carry, bring".

(semantics) a relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object


diksi

From Dutch dictie, from Middle French diction, from Latin dictiō.

(linguistics) diction: choice and use of words, especially with regard to effective communication


banaspati

From Javanese ꦧꦤꦱ꧀ꦥꦠꦶ (banaspati, “fire-demon”) (compare Balinese ᬩᬦᬲ᭄ᬧᬢᬶ (banaspati, “a lord of demon”)), from Old Javanese banaspati (“wood-devil; big tree”), from Sanskrit वनस्पति (vanaspati, “name of a gandharvī”).

der

(mythology) a kind of evil spirit with flame shapes like a fireball that often hovering in the night

(architecture, archaeology) such ornaments, usually placed on fences, gates, or entrances to buildings and temples


Jauza

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْجَوْزَاء (al-jawzāʔ).

bor+

اَلْجَوْزَاء


rekayasa sosial

id-noun

rekayasa sosial (plural rekayasa-rekayasa sosial)

Compound of rekayasa (“engineering”) + sosial (“social”), coined by Indonesian linguist Anton Moedardo Moeliono, calque of English social engineering. Replaced permesinan sosial.

coinage

(sociology, political science) social engineering


bahasa tonal

id-noun

bahasa tonal (plural bahasa-bahasa tonal)

Compound of bahasa + *tonal, calque of English tonal language.

(linguistics) tonal language: languages which use tones to distinguish words or their inflections, analogously to consonants and vowels


halusinasi

halusinasi-halusinasi (plural)
halu (alternative)

From Dutch hallucinatie, from French hallucination, from Latin hallucinātiō.

(psychology, psychiatry) hallucination: a sensory perception of something that does not exist


eksplikatif

èksplikatif (canonical)
eksplikatif-eksplikatif (plural)

From English explicative, from Latin explicātīvus, from explicō (“to unfold, open out”).


hipernim

hipêrnim (canonical)
hipernim-hipernim (plural)

Affixed hiper- + *nim, from English hypernym, from Ancient Greek hyper- (“over”) + -onym (“name”).

(semantics) hypernym: a superordinate word or phrase; a term whose referents form a set which includes as a subset the referents of a subordinate term


penguatan

pênguatan (canonical)
penguatan-penguatan (plural)

Affixed kuat + peng- -an.
* The confirmation sense is a semantic loan from Latin confirmatio, noun of process from cōnfirmātus (“confirmed”), perfect passive participle of cōnfirmāre, from con- (“with”) + firmāre (“to firm or strengthen”).

(psychology) the process whereby a behavior with desirable consequences comes to be repeated

(linguistics) a translation technique that involves adding content that is not present in the source text to the target text, usually to improve the fluency of the translation

(linguistics) a figure of speech that adds importance to increase its rhetorical effect


adiafora

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀδιάφορος (adiáphoros).


ansietas pisah

id-noun

ansietas pisah (plural ansietas-ansietas pisah)

Compound of ansietas + pisah, calque of English separation anxiety.

(psychology, psychiatry) separation anxiety


deret konsonan

deret konsonan (plural deret-deret konsonan)

Compound of deret + konsonan, calque of English consonant sequence.


deret vokal

Compound of deret + vokal, calque of English vowel sequence.


tekanan

têkanan (canonical)
tekanan-tekanan (plural)

(linguistics) accent: a higher-pitched or stronger articulation of a particular syllable of a word or phrase in order to distinguish it from the others or to emphasize it


denotasi

dénotasi (canonical)
denotasi-denotasi (plural)

From Dutch denotatie, from French dénotation, from Latin denotatio.

(logic, linguistics, semiotics) denotation: The primary, surface, literal, or explicit meaning of a signifier such as a word, phrase, or symbol; that which a word denotes, as contrasted with its connotation; the aggregate or set of objects of which a word may be predicated


Bima

Borrowed from Bima bima; derived from imbi (“believe; trust; faith”) + ruma (“God”).

compound

(ethnology) the indigenous people native to Bima region in Sumbawa island, West Nusa Tenggara province

(linguistic) the native language of Bima people.


abstraksi

Internationalism, affixed abstrak + -si, from Dutch abstractie, from Middle French abstraction, from Latin abstractiō.

(psychology) preoccupation: absence or absorption of mind; inattention to present objects


diagnosis diferensial

id-noun

diagnosis diferensial (plural diagnosis-diagnosis diferensial)

Compound of diagnosis + diferensial, calque of Dutch differentiële diagnose.

differential diagnosis
differential diagnosis


sinkope

sinkopé (canonical)
sinkope-sinkope (plural)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ). Doublet of sinkop.

lbor

(linguistics, phonology, prosody) syncope: the loss or elision of a sound, from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable


astenik

id-adj

astenik (comparative lebih astenik, superlative paling astenik)

lebih astenik (comparative)
paling astenik (superlative)


formatif

formatif (comparative lebih formatif, superlative paling formatif)

lebih formatif (comparative)
paling formatif (superlative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch formatief, from Middle French formatif.

(grammar) pertaining to the inflection of words

formative:
pertaining to the inflection of words


formatif

(grammar) formative: A language unit that has morphological function


statif

Borrowed from Dutch statief, from Latin statīvus (“stationary; permanent”).

der

Kalimat statif adalah kalimat yang predikatnya bukan merupakan verba aktif.

A stative sentence is a sentence whose predicate is not an active verb

(grammar) stative: a construct asserting that a subject has a particular property


akusatif

From Dutch accusatief, from Latin accūsātīvus.


aglutinasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch agglutinatie, from French agglutination, from New Latin agglūtinātiō.

(linguistics) combination in which root words are united with little or no change of form or loss of meaning


anteseden

antésèdên (canonical)
anteseden-anteseden (plural)

an‧té‧sè‧dên

From Dutch antecedent, from French antécédent, from Latin antecēdēns (“go before”).

(linguistics, grammar) a word, phrase or clause referred to by a pronoun


apersepsi

apêrsèpsi (canonical)
apersepsi-apersepsi (plural)

From Dutch apperceptie, from French aperception (New Latin apperceptiō, used by Gottfried Leibnitz (1646–1716)).


aposisi

From Dutch appositie, from Middle French apposition, from Latin appositiō.


argumen

argumèn (canonical)
argumen-argumen (plural)

From Dutch argument, from French argument, from Latin argūmentum, from arguō (“prove, argue”).

(linguistics) any of the phrases that bears a syntactic connection to the verb of a clause


artikulasi

From Dutch articulatie, from French articulation, from Latin articulātiō.

(Standard Malay)

(linguistics) the manner in which a phoneme is pronounced


aspirasi

From Dutch aspiratie, from French aspiration, from Latin aspiratio.

(linguistics) a burst of air that follows the release of some consonants


atribusi

From Dutch attributie, from Middle French attribution, from Latin attributio.

(psychology) the interpretive process by which people make judgments about the causes of their own behavior and the behavior of others


kolokasi

Affixed ko- + lokasi, from Dutch collocatie, from Latin collocātiō (“a putting together”).

(linguistics) collocation: The grouping or juxtaposition of things, especially words or sounds

(linguistics, translation studies) a sequence of words or terms that co-occur more often than would be expected by chance (i.e., the statistically significant placement of particular words in a language), often representing an established name for, or idiomatic way of conveying, a particular semantic concept


nirsuara

id-adj

nirsuara (comparative lebih nirsuara, superlative paling nirsuara)

lebih nirsuara (comparative)
paling nirsuara (superlative)

From nir- + suara (“voice”). Calque of English voiceless.

(phonetics, of a consonant or vowel) voiceless: Spoken without vibration of the vocal cords


kondensasi

kondènsasi (canonical)
kondensasi-kondensasi (plural)

From Dutch condensatie, from Latin condēnsātiō.

(psychology) when a single idea (an image, memory, or thought) or dream object stands for several associations and ideas


konjugasi

From Dutch conjugatie, from Latin coniugātiō (“combining, connecting; conjugation”), from coniugō (“join, unite together”).

der

(linguistics, grammar) the act of conjugating a verb

conjugation:
the act of conjugating a verb


konjungsi

From Dutch conjunctie, from Old French conjonction, from Latin coniūnctiō (“joining”), from coniungere (“to join”).

(grammar) conjunction (a word used to join other words or phrases together into sentences)

(logic) conjunction (the proposition resulting from the combination of two or more propositions using the ∧ operator)


konotasi

From Dutch connotatie, from Medieval Latin connotātiō, from connotō (“I mark in addition”), from Latin con- (“together, with”) + noto (“I note”).

(semantics) connotation: A meaning of a word or phrase that is suggested or implied, as opposed to a denotation, or literal meaning. A characteristic of words or phrases, or of the contexts that words and phrases are used in


produktif

From Dutch productief, from French productif, from Late Latin productīvus, or formed from Latin productus with the suffix -if.

(linguistics) productive (consistently applicable to any of an open set of words)


produktivitas

From produktif + -itas, displaced the older produktivitet, a loan word from Dutch productiviteit.

produktifitas (alternative nonstandard)
produktivitet (alternative dated)

(linguistics) productivity (ability to form new words using established patterns and discrete linguistic elements)


deklinasi

déklinasi (canonical)
deklinasi-deklinasi (plural)

From Dutch declinatie, from Middle Dutch declinacie, from Latin dēclīnātiō.

(grammar) declension: the act of declining a word; the act of listing the inflections of a noun, pronoun or adjective in order


dekonstruksi

From Dutch deconstructie. By surface analysis, de- + konstruksi.

(philosophy, literature) a philosophical theory of textual criticism; a form of critical analysis that emphasizes inquiry into the variable projection of the meaning and message of critical works, the meaning in relation to the reader and the intended audience, and the assumptions implicit in the embodied forms of expression


DBT

Terapi perilaku dialektis (DBT) sangat efektif untuk orang-orang yang mengalami kesulitan mengelola dan mengatur emosi mereka.

2022 September 29, Rizal Fadli, “Mengenal Terapi Dialektis untuk Membantu Kelola Emosi”, in Halodoc, archived from the original on 2025-04-07:

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is especially effective for people who have trouble managing and regulating their emotions.

dialectical behavior therapy
dialectical behavior therapy#English

(psychiatry, psychology) Initialism of dialectical behavior therapy.


deduksi

déduksi (canonical)
deduksi-deduksi (plural)

→ Malay: deduksi

Affixed de- + *duksi, from Dutch deductie, from Middle Dutch deductie, from Latin dēductiō.

(logic) a process of reasoning that moves from the general to the specific, in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the premises presented, so that the conclusion cannot be false if the premises are true


feodalisme

féodalismê (canonical)
feodalisme-feodalisme (plural)
féudalisme (alternative)

Affixed feodal + -isme, from Dutch feodalisme.

(history, politics) feudalism: A social system based on personal ownership of resources and personal fealty between a suzerain (lord) and a vassal (subject)


depresi

From Dutch depressie, from French dépression, from Latin dēpressiō, from dēprimō + -tiō.

(psychology, psychiatry) a state of mind producing serious, long-term lowering of enjoyment of life or inability to visualize a happy future


transkripsi

From Dutch transcriptie, from Middle French transcription, from Latin transcriptiōnem, trānscrībō (“transcribe”).

(linguistics) a representation of speech sounds as phonetic symbols


ketimpangan

kêtimpangan (canonical)
ketimpangan-ketimpangan (plural)

(Standard Malay)

(sociology) inequality: An unfair, not equal, state


penyimpangan

pênyimpangan (canonical)
penyimpangan-penyimpangan (plural)

(sociology) deviance: Actions or behaviors that violate formal and informal cultural norms such as laws and customs


proyeksi

proyèksi (canonical)
proyeksi-proyeksi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch projectie, from French projection.

(psychology) a belief or assumption that others have similar thoughts and experiences to one's own. This includes making accusations that would more fittingly apply to the accuser


difusi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch diffusie, from French diffusion.

(linguistics) the spread of cultural or linguistic practices, or social institutions, in one or more communities


modalitas

Internationalism, affixed *modal + -itas.

(linguistics) mood: The inflection of a verb that shows how its action is conceived by the speaker


zona nyaman

Compound of zona + nyaman, a semi-calque of English comfort zone.

(psychology) comfort zone (the range of circumstances in which a person feels relaxed or able to cope)


sublimasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch sublimatie, from French sublimation, from Latin sublīmātiō.

(psychology) the transformation of an impulse into something socially constructive


konkordansi

konkordansi-konkordansi (plural)
konkordans (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch concordantie, from French concordance, from Medieval Latin concordantia.

(linguistics) concordance: An alphabetical verbal index showing the places in the text of a book where each principal word may be found, with its immediate context in each place


interferensi

intêrfêrènsi (canonical)
interferensi-interferensi (plural)
interferens (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch interferentie, from French interférence.

(linguistics) the situation where a person who knows two languages inappropriately transfers lexical items or structures from one to the other


kesegarisan

kêsêgarisan (canonical)
kesegarisan-kesegarisan (plural)

Affixed segaris + ke- -an, from se- + garis.

(archaeology) a co-linear arrangement of features or structures with external landmarks


analisis wacana

id-noun

analisis wacana (plural analisis-analisis wacana)

Calque of English discourse analysis as analisis (“analysis”) + wacana (“discourse”).

com

(linguistics) discourse analysis (number of approaches to analyzing discourse)


ilmu ekonomi

From ilmu (“science”) + ekonomi (“economy”).


kalimat majemuk bertingkat

id-noun

kalimat majemuk bertingkat (plural kalimat-kalimat majemuk bertingkat)

kalimat-kalimat majemuk bertingkat (plural)

Compound of kalimat majemuk + bertingkat.

(grammar) complex sentence: a sentence that contains an independent clause as well as one or more dependent clauses, such as a relative clause, an adverbial clause, or a noun clause


kalimat majemuk setara

kalimat majemuk setara (plural kalimat-kalimat majemuk setara)

(grammar) compound sentence: a sentence that has two or more independent clauses, joined by a conjunction (such as 'but', 'and') and/or punctuation (such as ',')


kalimat tunggal

kalimat tunggal (plural kalimat-kalimat tunggal)

Compound of kalimat (“sentence”) + tunggal.

(grammar) simple sentence: a sentence that contains one independent clause and no dependent clause


pengucapan

pêngucapan (canonical)
pengucapan-pengucapan (plural)


fonemis

id-adj

fonemis (comparative lebih fonemis, superlative paling fonemis)

lebih fonemis (comparative)
paling fonemis (superlative)
fonemik (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch fonemisch.


hipokondria

Learned borrowing from New Latin hypochondria (the morbid condition so called, supposed to have its seat in the upper part of the abdomen), from hypochondrium.

lbor

(medicine, psychiatry, psychology) hypochondria


fiksasi

Borrowed from Dutch fixatie (“fixation”), from Old French fixation.

bor+

(psychiatry, psychology) a state of mind involving obsession with a particular person, idea or thing


kohesi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch cohesie.

(linguistics) grammatical or lexical relationship between different parts of the same text


aksiomatik

id-adj

aksiomatik (comparative lebih aksiomatik, superlative paling aksiomatik)

lebih aksiomatik (comparative)
paling aksiomatik (superlative)

Internationalism, borrowed from English axiomatic, from Ancient Greek ἀξιωμᾰτικός (axiōmătikós, “employing logical propositions”).


abreaksi

Internationalism, borrowed from English abreaction, from German Abreagierung.


adisi

Borrowed from Dutch additie, from French addition, from Latin additiōnem.


periksa dan timbang

id-noun

periksa dan timbang (plural periksa-periksa dan timbang)

(philosophy) check and balance: the mutual oversight provided by a system of independent organizations with control over each other


isyarat

Inherited from Malay isyarat, from Arabic إِشَارَة (ʔišāra).

der

Arabic إِشَارَة (ʔišāra)

(anthropology) gesture (form of non-verbal or non-vocal communication with bodily actions)


redundansi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch redundantie, from French redondance.

(linguistics) superfluity: something redundant or excessive; a needless repetition in language


bahasa kebangsaan

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + kebangsaan (“national”), calque of Dutch nationale taal.

compound

Bahasa Indonesia adalah bahasa resmi dan bahasa kebangsaan Republik Indonesia. Bahasa Melayu adalah bahasa daerah, bukan bahasa resmi Indonesia.

Indonesian is the official language and national language of the Republic of Indonesia. Malay is a regional language, not an official language of Indonesia.

(linguistics) national language, a language afforded an elevated status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction


kata ganti

Compound of kata (“word”) + ganti (“to replace; to change”), calque from Chinese 代詞／代词 (dàicí, “pronoun”, literally “substitute/replace word”).

zh-l

(grammar) pronoun: a type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective


kata ganti orang

id-noun

kata ganti orang (plural kata-kata ganti orang)

Compound of kata ganti (“pronoun”) + orang (“person”), calque of Dutch persoonlijk voornaamwoord (compare to Malay kata ganti diri).

clq

(grammar) personal pronoun: pronouns that are associated primarily with a particular grammatical person – first person (as I), second person (as you), or third person (as he, she, it, they)


pronomina persona

id-noun

pronomina persona (plural pronomina-pronomina persona)

Compound of pronomina (“pronoun”) + persona (“to replace; to change”), from Latin pronomina personalia.


kata kerja bantu

id-noun

kata kerja bantu (plural kata-kata kerja bantu)

Compound of kata kerja (“verb”) + bantu (“auxiliary”), calque of Dutch hulpwerkwoord (“auxiliary verb”).


verba bantu

Compound of kata kerja (“verb”) + bantu (“auxiliary”), calque of Latin verbum auxiliare (“auxiliary verb”).


kontrak sosial

id-noun

kontrak sosial (plural kontrak-kontrak sosial)

Compound of kontrak + sosial, partial calque of Dutch sociaal contract.

partial calque

(philosophy, politics) social contract: an implicit agreement or contract among members of a society governing such matters as submission of individuals to rule of law and acceptable conduct


silabis

id-adj

silabis (comparative lebih silabis, superlative paling silabis)

lebih silabis (comparative)
paling silabis (superlative)
silabik (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch syllabisch (“syllabic”).


gubernur jenderal

id-noun

gubernur jenderal (plural gubernur-gubernur jenderal)

gubernur-gubernur jenderal (plural)
gabenor jeneral (alternative)

Compound of gubernur + jenderal, calque of Dutch gouverneur-generaal (“governor general”).


molekuler

(psychology) the connecting psyche of various activities in certain parts of the body, for example the movement of the head, hands and feet when swimming


defleksi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch deflexie (“deflection, deflexion”).

bor+

(linguistics) the degeneration of a language's inflectional system over time


substitusi

Borrowed from Dutch substitutie, from Middle French substitution, from Latin substitutiō.

(linguistics) the expansion of the lexicon of a language by native means in correspondence to a foreign term


kata sandang

Compound of kata + sandang, calque of Dutch lidwoord.

(grammar) article: part of speech that indicates, specifies and limits a noun (a, an, or the in English)


artikula

Learned borrowing from Latin articulus (“article”) (compare Spanish artículo, Italian articolo).


bahasa liturgis

id-noun

bahasa liturgis (plural bahasa-bahasa liturgis)


laras bahasa

laras bahasa (plural laras-laras bahasa)

Compound of laras + bahasa, inherited from Malay laras bahasa.

(linguistics) register: a style of a language used in a particular context, which is related to honorific


kecanduan

kêcanduan (canonical)
kecanduan-kecanduan (plural)

(medicine, psychology) addiction, a state that is characterized by compulsive drug use or compulsive engagement in rewarding behavior, despite negative consequences


ketergantungan

kêtêrgantungan (canonical)
ketergantungan-ketergantungan (plural)

(philosophy) dependent (origination), in Buddhism, the idea that the existence of everything is conditional and dependent on a cause, and that nothing happens fortuitously or by chance


gangguan mental

gangguan mental (plural gangguan-gangguan mental)

(psychiatry, psychology) mental disorder


gangguan kepribadian antisosial

gangguan kepribadian antisosial (plural gangguan-gangguan kepribadian antisosial)

antisocial personality disorder
antisocial personality disorder

(psychology, psychiatry) antisocial personality disorder


gangguan kecemasan

gangguan kecemasan (plural gangguan-gangguan kecemasan)

(psychology, psychiatry) anxiety disorder


gangguan spektrum autisme

gangguan spèktrum autismê (plural gangguan-gangguan spektrum autisme)

gangguan spèktrum autismê (canonical)
gangguan-gangguan spektrum autisme (plural)

autism spectrum disorder
autism spectrum disorder


gangguan kepribadian narsisistik

gangguan kêpribadian narsisistik (plural gangguan-gangguan kepribadian narsisistik)

gangguan kêpribadian narsisistik (canonical)

narcissistic personality disorder
narcissistic personality disorder

(psychiatry) narcissistic personality disorder


estesis

Internationalism, from Ancient Greek αἴσθησις (aísthēsis, “perception”).

der

(philosophy) esthesis: elemental awareness of sensory stimulation


agapisme

agapismê (canonical)
agapisme-agapisme (plural)

(philosophy) agapism: belief in selfless, charitable brotherly love


masalah agregasi

id-noun

masalah agregasi (plural masalah-masalah agregasi)

(philosophy) aggregation problem: the difficult problem of finding a valid way to treat an empirical or theoretical aggregate as if it reacted like a less-aggregated measure