lingua franca

Unadapted borrowing from Italian lingua franca.

ubor

(linguistics) koine, lingua franca, link language, trade language, vehicular language: a common language used by people of diverse backgrounds to communicate with one another, often a basic form of speech with simplified grammar, particularly, one that is not the first language of any of its speakers.


slang

id-noun

slang (first-person possessive slangku, second-person possessive slangmu, third-person possessive slangnya)

slangku (first-person possessive)
slangmu (possessive second-person)
slangnya (possessive third-person)

(linguistics) slang, unconventional language.


verbal

From Dutch verbaal, from Middle French verbal, from Latin verbālis. Doublet of perbal.

verbal
(linguistics) pertaining to verbs


instrumental

Borrowed from Dutch instrumentaal, from French instrumental, from Medieval Latin īnstrūmentālis.

(linguistics) applied to a case expressing means or agency.


kata

kata (plural kata-kata, first-person possessive kataku, second-person possessive katamu, third-person possessive katanya)

kata-kata (plural)
kataku (first-person possessive)
katamu (possessive second-person)
katanya (possessive third-person)

From Malay kata, from Pali kathā, from Sanskrit कथा (kathā, “speech; story”).

(linguistics) word: (the smallest unit of language that has a particular meaning and can be expressed by itself; the smallest discrete, meaningful unit of language)


tinggi

From Malay tinggi, from Sanskrit तुङ्ग (tuṅga, “high”).

(phonetics) made with some part of the tongue positioned high in the mouth, relatively close to the palate.


dasar

dasar (plural dasar-dasar, first-person possessive dasarku, second-person possessive dasarmu, third-person possessive dasarnya)

dasar-dasar (plural)
dasarku (first-person possessive)
dasarmu (possessive second-person)
dasarnya (possessive third-person)

Inherited from Malay dasar, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ðsar. Compare Javanese ꦝꦱꦂ (dhasar), Old Javanese ḍasar (“base, bottom; workshop”).

cog

(linguistics) a morpheme (or morphemes) that serves as a basic foundation on which affixes can be attached.


kala

id-noun

kala (first-person possessive kalaku, second-person possessive kalamu, third-person possessive kalanya)

kalaku (first-person possessive)
kalamu (possessive second-person)
kalanya (possessive third-person)

From Malay kala, from Classical Malay kala, from Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”) or Sanskrit कला (kalā, “a division of time”). Doublet of kali.

der

(grammar) Any of the forms of a verb which distinguish when an action or state of being occurs or exists.

(linguistics, grammar, countable) An inflected form of a verb that indicates tense.


lateral

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch lateraal, from French latéral, from Latin laterālis.

(phonetics, phonology) pertaining to speech sounds generated by partially blocking the egress of the airstream with the tongue, leaving space on one or both sides of the occlusion for air passage.


lateral

id-noun

latêral (plural lateral-lateral, first-person possessive lateralku, second-person possessive lateralmu, third-person possessive lateralnya)

latêral (canonical)
lateral-lateral (plural)
lateralku (first-person possessive)
lateralmu (possessive second-person)
lateralnya (possessive third-person)

(phonetics, phonology) A sound produced through lateral pronunciation (such as /l/ in lateral).


persona

Learned borrowing from Latin persōna. Doublet of person.

(grammar) a linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom he is speaking.


nominal

From Dutch nominaal, from French nominal, from Latin nominalis.

(grammar) of or relating to a noun or word group that functions as a noun.


graf

graf (plural graf-graf, first-person possessive grafku, second-person possessive grafmu, third-person possessive grafnya)

graf-graf (plural)
grafku (first-person possessive)
grafmu (possessive second-person)
grafnya (possessive third-person)

(linguistics, typography) graph: A graphical unit on the token-level, the abstracted fundamental shape of a character or letter as distinct from its ductus (realization in a particular typeface or handwriting on the instance-level) and as distinct by a grapheme on the type-level by not fundamentally distinguishing meaning.


kopula

kopula (first-person possessive kopulaku, second-person possessive kopulamu, third-person possessive kopulanya)

kopulaku (first-person possessive)
kopulamu (possessive second-person)
kopulanya (possessive third-person)


kalimat

kalimat (plural kalimat-kalimat, first-person possessive kalimatku, second-person possessive kalimatmu, third-person possessive kalimatnya)

kalimat-kalimat (plural)
kalimatku (first-person possessive)
kalimatmu (possessive second-person)
kalimatnya (possessive third-person)

From Arabic كَلِمَات (kalimāt, “word, speech, statement”). Doublet of kalimah.

der

kalimat pasif

(grammar) sentence: a grammatically complete series of words consisting of a subject and predicate, even if one or the other is implied, and typically beginning with a capital letter and ending with a full stop.


fon

id-noun

fon (first-person possessive fonku, second-person possessive fonmu, third-person possessive fonnya)

fonku (first-person possessive)
fonmu (possessive second-person)
fonnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch foon (“phone”), from Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).

(linguistics) phone, a speech segment that possesses distinct physical or perceptual properties, considered as a physical event without regard to its place in the phonology of a language.


velum

vèlum (first-person possessive velumku, second-person possessive velummu, third-person possessive velumnya)

vèlum (canonical)
velumku (first-person possessive)
velummu (possessive second-person)
velumnya (possessive third-person)

(anatomy, linguistics) velum: the soft palate.


modus

modus (plural modus-modus, first-person possessive modusku, second-person possessive modusmu, third-person possessive modusnya)

modus-modus (plural)
modusku (first-person possessive)
modusmu (possessive second-person)
modusnya (possessive third-person)

Learned borrowing from Latin modus. Doublet of mode, model, modul, and modern.

doublet

(linguistics) mood, a verb form that depends on how its containing clause relates to the speaker’s or writer’s wish, intent, or assertion about reality.


akar

id-noun

akar (plural akar-akar, first-person possessive akarku, second-person possessive akarmu, third-person possessive akarnya)

akar-akar (plural)
akarku (first-person possessive)
akarmu (possessive second-person)
akarnya (possessive third-person)

From Malay akar, from Classical Malay اكر (akar), from Proto-Malayic *akar, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *akar, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *(w)akar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(w)akaʀ.
* Displaced Dutch wortel (“(arithmetic) square root, root”, literally “root (plant)”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

sl

(linguistic morphology) the primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents.


kata kerja

id-noun

kata kerja (first-person possessive kata kerjaku, second-person possessive kata kerjamu, third-person possessive kata kerjanya)

kata kerja ku (first-person possessive)
kata kerja mu (possessive second-person)
kata kerja nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of kata (“word”) + kerja (“work”), calque of Dutch werkwoord (“verb”, literally “work(ing) word”).

calque

(grammar) verb, a word that indicates an action, event, or state.


tata bahasa

Inherited from Malay tatabahasa, from tata (“order”) + bahasa (“language”), calque of translingual 語法. Equivalent to tata + bahasa.

a system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language.

a book describing the rules of grammar of a language.


pasar

→ Dutch: pasar

From Malay pasar (“market”), from Tamil பசார் (pacār, “bazaar”), from Classical Persian بازار (bāzār, “market”), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wʾčʾl /wāzār/, “market”). Doublet of bazar.

der

(linguistics) colloquial; vernacular; vulgar


kasus

id-noun

kasus (first-person possessive kasusku, second-person possessive kasusmu, third-person possessive kasusnya)

kasusku (first-person possessive)
kasusmu (possessive second-person)
kasusnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch casus, from Latin cāsus (“chance, event”), the past participle of cadō (“to fall, happen”).

grammatical case
grammatical case#English

(linguistics, grammar) case (grammatical case)


klik

klik (first-person possessive klikku, second-person possessive klikmu, third-person possessive kliknya)

klikku (first-person possessive)
klikmu (possessive second-person)
kliknya (possessive third-person)

(linguistics): an ingressive sound made by coarticulating a velar or uvular closure with another closure.


substantif

From Dutch substantief, from New Latin nōmen substantīvum.


inversi

inversi (plural inversi-inversi, first-person possessive inversiku, second-person possessive inversimu, third-person possessive inversinya)

inversi-inversi (plural)
inversiku (first-person possessive)
inversimu (possessive second-person)
inversinya (possessive third-person)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch inversie, from French inversion.

(grammar) Deviation from standard word order by putting the predicate before the subject. It takes place in questions with auxiliary verbs and in normal, affirmative clauses beginning with a negative particle, for the purpose of emphasis


intensi

From English intension, from Latin intēnsiō (“straining, effort; intensifying”), from intēnsus (“stretched”), perfect passive participle of intendō (“strain or stretch toward”).

der

(linguistics) intension, any property or quality connoted by a word, phrase or other symbol, contrasted with actual instances in the real world to which the term applies.


tona

id-noun

tona (first-person possessive tonaku, second-person possessive tonamu, third-person possessive tonanya)

tonaku (first-person possessive)
tonamu (possessive second-person)
tonanya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch tonen, plural of toon, from Middle Dutch toon, ultimately from Latin tonus.

(linguistics) tone: the pitch of a word that distinguishes a difference in meaning, for example in Chinese.


gramatika

gramatika (first-person possessive gramatikaku, second-person possessive gramatikamu, third-person possessive gramatikanya)

gramatikaku (first-person possessive)
gramatikamu (possessive second-person)
gramatikanya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Dutch grammatica, from Latin grammatica, from Ancient Greek γραμματική (grammatikḗ, “skilled in writing”), from γράμμα (grámma, “line of writing”), from γράφω (gráphō, “write”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerebh- (“to scratch”).

der

the study of the internal structure of words (morphology) and the use of words in the construction of phrases and sentences (syntax).


anomali

id-noun

anomali (first-person possessive anomaliku, second-person possessive anomalimu, third-person possessive anomalinya)

anomaliku (first-person possessive)
anomalimu (possessive second-person)
anomalinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch anomalie, from French anomalie, from Ancient Greek ἀνωμαλία (anōmalía, “disaccord”).

der

(linguistics, politics) a deviation from a rule or from what is regarded as normal; an outlier.


fusi

From Dutch fusie, from Middle French fusion, from Latin fusionem (the accusative of fusio), from fusus, past participle of fundere (“pour, melt”).

(phonology) a type of sound change where two or more sounds merge into one.


atribut

id-noun

atribut (first-person possessive atributku, second-person possessive atributmu, third-person possessive atributnya)

atributku (first-person possessive)
atributmu (possessive second-person)
atributnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch attribuut, from French attribut, from Latin attributum.

(grammar) a word that qualifies a noun, a qualifier.


afiks

afiks (first-person possessive afiksku, second-person possessive afiksmu, third-person possessive afiksnya)

afiksku (first-person possessive)
afiksmu (possessive second-person)
afiksnya (possessive third-person)


fonem

fonem (plural fonem-fonem, first-person possessive fonemku, second-person possessive fonemmu, third-person possessive fonemnya)

fonem-fonem (plural)
fonemku (first-person possessive)
fonemmu (possessive second-person)
fonemnya (possessive third-person)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch foneem, from French phonème, from Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma, literally “sound made”, “utterance”; “thing spoken”, “speech”, “language”).


anafora

id-noun

anafora (first-person possessive anaforaku, second-person possessive anaforamu, third-person possessive anaforanya)

anaforaku (first-person possessive)
anaforamu (possessive second-person)
anaforanya (possessive third-person)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰφορᾱ́ (anaphorā́).

lbor

(linguistics) an expression that can refer to virtually any referent, the specific referent being defined by context; An expression that refers to a preceding expression.


akronim

id-noun

akronim (first-person possessive akronimku, second-person possessive akronimmu, third-person possessive akronimnya)

akronimku (first-person possessive)
akronimmu (possessive second-person)
akronimnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch acroniem, from Ancient Greek ἄκρος (ákros, “extremity”) and ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”).


kata benda

Compound of kata (“word”) + benda (“thing”), calque of Dutch dingwoord (“noun, substantive”, literally “thing word”).


huruf

id-noun

huruf (plural huruf-huruf, first-person possessive hurufku, second-person possessive hurufmu, third-person possessive hurufnya)

huruf-huruf (plural)
hurufku (first-person possessive)
hurufmu (possessive second-person)
hurufnya (possessive third-person)

From Malay huruf, from Arabic حُرُوف (ḥurūf) plural of حَرْف (ḥarf).

(linguistics, typography) graph: A graphical unit on the token-level, the abstracted fundamental shape of a character or letter as distinct from its ductus (realization in a particular typeface or handwriting on the instance-level) and as distinct by a grapheme on the type-level by not fundamentally distinguishing meaning.


vokal

vokal (first-person possessive vokalku, second-person possessive vokalmu, third-person possessive vokalnya)

vokalku (first-person possessive)
vokalmu (possessive second-person)
vokalnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch vocaal (“vowel”), from Latin vōcālis.
* Semantic loan from English vocal, except the sense “vowel”.


fungsi

fungsi (first-person possessive fungsiku, second-person possessive fungsimu, third-person possessive fungsinya)

fungsiku (first-person possessive)
fungsimu (possessive second-person)
fungsinya (possessive third-person)

From Malay fungsi, from Dutch functie, from French fonction, from Middle French function, ultimately from Latin functiō.

memfungsikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

(linguistics) a way of achieving an aim using language.


artikel

artikêl (plural artikel-artikel, first-person possessive artikelku, second-person possessive artikelmu, third-person possessive artikelnya)

artikêl (canonical)
artikel-artikel (plural)
artikelku (first-person possessive)
artikelmu (possessive second-person)
artikelnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch artikel, from Latin articulus (“a joint, limb, member, part, division, the article in grammar, a point of time”); prop. diminutive of artus (“a joint”), from ar (“to fit, join”).

der

(linguistics) A part of speech that indicates, specifies and limits a noun (a, an, or the in English).


diftong

From Dutch diftong, from Middle French diphtongue, from Latin diphthongus, from Ancient Greek δίφθογγος (díphthongos).


kaidah

id-noun

kaidah (plural kaidah-kaidah, first-person possessive kaidahku, second-person possessive kaidahmu, third-person possessive kaidahnya)

kaidah-kaidah (plural)
kaidahku (first-person possessive)
kaidahmu (possessive second-person)
kaidahnya (possessive third-person)

From Malay kaidah (Standard Malay kaédah), from Arabic قَاعِدَة (qāʕida).

(biology, chemistry, economics, linguistics, physics) A regulation, law, guideline.


verba

vèrba (first-person possessive verbaku, second-person possessive verbamu, third-person possessive verbanya)

vèrba (canonical)
verbaku (first-person possessive)
verbamu (possessive second-person)
verbanya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch verba (“verbs”), from Latin verba, verbum, from Proto-Italic *werβom, from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰh₁om (“word”).

(grammar) verb, a word that indicates an action, event, or state.


klausa

klausa (plural klausa-klausa, first-person possessive klausaku, second-person possessive klausamu, third-person possessive klausanya)

klausa-klausa (plural)
klausaku (first-person possessive)
klausamu (possessive second-person)
klausanya (possessive third-person)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin clausa, diminutive of clausula (“close, end; a clause, close of a period”)), from Latin clausus, past participle of claudere (“to shut, close”). Doublet of klausul.

lbor

(grammar) clause: a verb, its necessary grammatical arguments, and any adjuncts affecting them.


kalke

id-noun

kalkê (first-person possessive kalkeku, second-person possessive kalkemu, third-person possessive kalkenya)

kalkê (canonical)
kalkeku (first-person possessive)
kalkemu (possessive second-person)
kalkenya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch calque, from French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”), from calquer (“to copy, trace”), itself borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”).

der

(linguistics) calque: a word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language.


datif

id-noun

datif (plural datif-datif, first-person possessive datifku, second-person possessive datifmu, third-person possessive datifnya)

datif-datif (plural)
datifku (first-person possessive)
datifmu (possessive second-person)
datifnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch datief, from French datif, from Latin dativus.


indeks

indèks (first-person possessive indeksku, second-person possessive indeksmu, third-person possessive indeksnya)

indèks (canonical)
indeksku (first-person possessive)
indeksmu (possessive second-person)
indeksnya (possessive third-person)

(linguistics) a type of noun where the meaning of the form changes with respect to the context.


morfologi

morfologi (first-person possessive morfologiku, second-person possessive morfologimu, third-person possessive morfologinya)

morfologiku (first-person possessive)
morfologimu (possessive second-person)
morfologinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch morfologie, from Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ) + λόγος (lógos).

a scientific study of form and structure, usually without regard to function, especially:

(linguistics) the study of the internal structure of morphemes (words and their semantic building blocks).


partikel

partikêl (plural partikel-partikel, first-person possessive partikelku, second-person possessive partikelmu, third-person possessive partikelnya)

partikêl (canonical)
partikel-partikel (plural)
partikelku (first-person possessive)
partikelmu (possessive second-person)
partikelnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch partikel, from Middle Dutch partikele, from Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). Doublet of parsel and persil.

der

(linguistics) a part of speech which cannot be inflected: an adverb, preposition, conjunction or interjection.


adjektiva

id-noun

adjektiva (first-person possessive adjektivaku, second-person possessive adjektivamu, third-person possessive adjektivanya)

adjektivaku (first-person possessive)
adjektivamu (possessive second-person)
adjektivanya (possessive third-person)

Learned borrowing from Latin adjectīva, adjectivus (“adjectival”).


pronomina

pronomina (plural pronomina-pronomina, first-person possessive pronominaku, second-person possessive pronominamu, third-person possessive pronominanya)

pronomina-pronomina (plural)
pronominaku (first-person possessive)
pronominamu (possessive second-person)
pronominanya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Dutch pronomina, plural form of pronomen, from Latin prōnōmen.

(grammar) pronoun: a type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective.


varian

varian (first-person possessive varianku, second-person possessive varianmu, third-person possessive variannya)

varianku (first-person possessive)
varianmu (possessive second-person)
variannya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch variant, from French variant or variante, from Latin variāns.

(Standard Malay)

(linguistics) one of a set of words or other linguistic forms that conveys the same meaning or serves the same function.


desibel

dèsibêl (first-person possessive desibelku, second-person possessive desibelmu, third-person possessive desibelnya)

dèsibêl (canonical)
desibelku (first-person possessive)
desibelmu (possessive second-person)
desibelnya (possessive third-person)

Affixed desi- + bel, from Dutch decibel, from English decibel.

(acoustics, linguistics) decibel: A common measure of sound intensity ratio that is one tenth of a bel on the logarithmic intensity scale. It is defined as dB = 10 log₁₀(P₁ / P₂), where P₁ and P₂ are the relative powers of the sound.


predikat

predikat (canonical)
prédikat (canonical)

From Dutch predicaat, from Middle French predicat (French prédicat), from post-classical Late Latin praedicātum (“thing said of a subject”), a noun use of the neuter past participle of praedicō (“I proclaim”).

der

Kalimat sekurangnya terdiri atas subyek dan predikat.

A sentence shall at least consist of a subject and a predicate.

(grammar) predicate (the part of the sentence (or clause) which states something about the subject or the object of the sentence)


Bajau

(linguistic) The native language of Bajau people predominantly spoken in Bajau island and its adjacent regions.


aneksi

id-noun

aneksi (plural aneksi-aneksi, first-person possessive aneksiku, second-person possessive aneksimu, third-person possessive aneksinya)

aneksi-aneksi (plural)
aneksiku (first-person possessive)
aneksimu (possessive second-person)
aneksinya (possessive third-person)

(linguistics) nonidiomatic combination of basic morphemes


wanda

wanda (plural wanda-wanda, first-person possessive wandaku, second-person possessive wandamu, third-person possessive wandanya)

wanda-wanda (plural)
wandaku (first-person possessive)
wandamu (possessive second-person)
wandanya (possessive third-person)


saraf

saraf (first-person possessive sarafku, second-person possessive sarafmu, third-person possessive sarafnya)

sarafku (first-person possessive)
sarafmu (possessive second-person)
sarafnya (possessive third-person)

From Malay saraf, from Arabic صَرْف (ṣarf).


aksen

Borrowed from Dutch accent, from Middle Dutch accent, ultimately from Latin accentus.

(linguistics) a higher-pitched or stronger articulation of a particular syllable of a word or phrase in order to distinguish it from the others or to emphasize it.

(linguistics) the distinctive manner of pronouncing a language associated with a particular region, social group, etc., whether of a native speaker or a foreign speaker; the phonetic and phonological aspects of a dialect.


hibrida

hibrida (first-person possessive hibridaku, second-person possessive hibridamu, third-person possessive hibridanya)

hibridaku (first-person possessive)
hibridamu (possessive second-person)
hibridanya (possessive third-person)

(linguistics) a word whose elements are derived from different languages.


elipsis

elipsis (plural elipsis-elipsis, first-person possessive elipsisku, second-person possessive elipsismu, third-person possessive elipsisnya)

elipsis-elipsis (plural)
elipsisku (first-person possessive)
elipsismu (possessive second-person)
elipsisnya (possessive third-person)

Learned borrowing from Latin ellipsis, from Ancient Greek ἔλλειψις (élleipsis, “omission”).

der

(grammar) The omission of a word or phrase that can be inferred from the context.


konsonan

id-noun

konsonan (first-person possessive konsonanku, second-person possessive konsonanmu, third-person possessive konsonannya)

konsonanku (first-person possessive)
konsonanmu (possessive second-person)
konsonannya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch consonant, from Old French consonant, from Latin cōnsonāns (“sounding with”), from the prefix con- (“with”) + the present participle sonāns (“sounding”), from sonāre (“to sound”).


ragam

ragam (first-person possessive ragamku, second-person possessive ragammu, third-person possessive ragamnya)

ragamku (first-person possessive)
ragammu (possessive second-person)
ragamnya (possessive third-person)

From Malay ragam, from Sanskrit राग (rāga). Doublet of raga and ragi.


tipologi

tipologi (plural tipologi-tipologi, first-person possessive tipologiku, second-person possessive tipologimu, third-person possessive tipologinya)

tipologi-tipologi (plural)
tipologiku (first-person possessive)
tipologimu (possessive second-person)
tipologinya (possessive third-person)

(linguistics) classification of languages according to their linguistic trait (as opposed to ancestrality like Romance languages).


aktan

aktan (first-person possessive aktanku, second-person possessive aktanmu, third-person possessive aktannya)

aktanku (first-person possessive)
aktanmu (possessive second-person)
aktannya (possessive third-person)


serap

From Malay serap, from Classical Malay serap, from Proto-Malayic *sərəp, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *sərəp, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *sərəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *səʀəp.

(linguistics) to borrow: to adopt a word from another language.


pangkal

pangkal (first-person possessive pangkalku, second-person possessive pangkalmu, third-person possessive pangkalnya)

pangkalku (first-person possessive)
pangkalmu (possessive second-person)
pangkalnya (possessive third-person)

(linguistics) stem (The main part of an uninflected word to which affixes may be added to form inflections of the word)


objek

From English object. Replaced earlier obyek.

(grammar) object: The noun phrase which is an internal complement of a verb phrase or a prepositional phrase. In a verb phrase with a transitive action verb, it is typically the receiver of the action.


sandi

sandi (plural sandi-sandi, first-person possessive sandiku, second-person possessive sandimu, third-person possessive sandinya)

sandi-sandi (plural)
sandiku (first-person possessive)
sandimu (possessive second-person)
sandinya (possessive third-person)

From Malay sandi, from Sanskrit सन्धि (sandhi), संधि (saṃdhi). Doublet of sendi.

(phonology) sandhi: any of a wide variety of phonological processes that occur at morpheme or word boundaries, such as the fusion of sounds across word boundaries and the alteration of sounds due to neighboring sounds or due to the grammatical function of adjacent words.


jumlah

jumlah (first-person possessive jumlahku, second-person possessive jumlahmu, third-person possessive jumlahnya)

jumlahku (first-person possessive)
jumlahmu (possessive second-person)
jumlahnya (possessive third-person)

From Malay jumlah, from Classical Malay jumlah, from Arabic جُمْلَة (jumla).
* The sense “sentence” is a semantic loan from Arabic جُمْلَة (jumla).


logat

id-noun

logat (first-person possessive logatku, second-person possessive logatmu, third-person possessive logatnya)

logatku (first-person possessive)
logatmu (possessive second-person)
logatnya (possessive third-person)

Ultimately derived from Arabic لُغَة (luḡa, “language”).

der+

(linguistics, sociolinguistics) accent (The distinctive manner of pronouncing a language associated with a particular region, social group, etc., whether of a native speaker or a foreign speaker; the phonetic and phonological aspects of a dialect)

(linguistics) dialect; idiom; vernacular (a variety of a language)


performa

id-noun

pêrforma (first-person possessive performaku, second-person possessive performamu, third-person possessive performanya)

pêrforma (canonical)
performaku (first-person possessive)
performamu (possessive second-person)
performanya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch performance, from English performance or French performance.

linguistic performance
linguistic performance

(linguistics) the actual use of language in concrete situations by native speakers of a language, as opposed to the system of linguistic knowledge they possess (competence), cf. linguistic performance.


kontur

kontur (first-person possessive konturku, second-person possessive konturmu, third-person possessive konturnya)

konturku (first-person possessive)
konturmu (possessive second-person)
konturnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch contour, from French contour.

(linguistics) a speech sound which behaves as a single segment, but which makes an internal transition from one quality, place, or manner to another.


ciri

ciri (plural ciri-ciri, first-person possessive ciriku, second-person possessive cirimu, third-person possessive cirinya)

ciri-ciri (plural)
ciriku (first-person possessive)
cirimu (possessive second-person)
cirinya (possessive third-person)

Inherited from Malay چيري (ciri), from Javanese ꦕꦶꦫꦶ (ciri, “sign, identifying mark, scar”), from Old Javanese ciri (“sign, distinctive mark, evidence”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">ciri</i>

der

(linguistics) the elements into which linguistic units can be broken down.


beku

From Malay beku, from Classical Malay beku.


suku kata

id-noun

suku kata (first-person possessive suku kataku, second-person possessive suku katamu, third-person possessive suku katanya)

suku kata ku (first-person possessive)
suku kata mu (possessive second-person)
suku kata nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of suku (“part”) + kata (“word”), from Malay suku kata. Compare to Chinese 音節／音节 (“syllable”, literally “sound + section”).


kata nama

Compound of kata (“word”) + nama (“name”), calque of Dutch naamwoord (“noun”, literally “name + word”).


deret

id-noun

deret (plural deret-deret, first-person possessive deretku, second-person possessive deretmu, third-person possessive deretnya)

deret-deret (plural)
deretku (first-person possessive)
deretmu (possessive second-person)
deretnya (possessive third-person)

(phonology) a set of consonants that share a particular phonetic or phonological feature.


konteks

konteks (first-person possessive konteksku, second-person possessive konteksmu, third-person possessive konteksnya)

konteksku (first-person possessive)
konteksmu (possessive second-person)
konteksnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch context, from Middle French contexte or Latin contextus.

(linguistics) the text in which a word or passage appears and which helps ascertain its meaning.


nahu

nahu (first-person possessive nahuku, second-person possessive nahumu, third-person possessive nahunya)

nahuku (first-person possessive)
nahumu (possessive second-person)
nahunya (possessive third-person)

From Malay nahu, from Arabic نَحْو (naḥw).


pinjam terjemah

pinjam terjemah (first-person possessive pinjam terjemahku, second-person possessive pinjam terjemahmu, third-person possessive pinjam terjemahnya)

pinjam terjemah ku (first-person possessive)
pinjam terjemah mu (possessive second-person)
pinjam terjemah nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of pinjam (“borrow”) + terjemah (“translate”), calque of Dutch leenvertaling.

com

Kata "sepeda motor" adalah kata pinjam terjemah dari bahasa Belanda "motorfiets".

The word "sepeda motor" is a calque of the Dutch "motorfiets".

(linguistics) A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language.


rumus

id-noun

rumus (plural rumus-rumus, first-person possessive rumusku, second-person possessive rumusmu, third-person possessive rumusnya)

rumus-rumus (plural)
rumusku (first-person possessive)
rumusmu (possessive second-person)
rumusnya (possessive third-person)

From Malay rumus, from Arabic رُمُوز (rumūz), plural of رَمْز (ramz, “cipher, code”).

(biology, chemistry, linguistics, literature, physics) formula


kata sifat

kata sifat (first-person possessive kata sifatku, second-person possessive kata sifatmu, third-person possessive kata sifatnya)

kata sifat ku (first-person possessive)
kata sifat mu (possessive second-person)
kata sifat nya (possessive third-person)

* From Malay kata sifat. Reconstructed as kata + sifat.
* Semantic loan from Arabic صِفَات (ṣifāt), plural of صِفَة (ṣifa, “adjective”) for adjective sense.


dialek

Borrowed from Dutch dialect, from Middle French dialecte, from Latin dialectos, dialectus, from Ancient Greek διάλεκτος (diálektos, “conversation, the language of a country or a place or a nation, the local idiom which derives from a dominant language”), from διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “I participate in a dialogue”), from διά (diá, “inter, through”) + λέγω (légō, “I speak”).

der

(strict sense) a lect (often a regional or minority language) as part of a group or family of languages, especially if they are viewed as a single language, or if contrasted with a standardized idiom that is considered the 'true' form of the language (for example, Bavarian as contrasted with Standard German)

(broad sense) a variety of a language that is characteristic of a particular area, community, or social group, differing from other varieties of the same language in relatively minor ways as regards grammar, phonology, and lexicon


imbuhan

id-noun

imbuhan (plural imbuhan-imbuhan, first-person possessive imbuhanku, second-person possessive imbuhanmu, third-person possessive imbuhannya)

imbuhan-imbuhan (plural)
imbuhanku (first-person possessive)
imbuhanmu (possessive second-person)
imbuhannya (possessive third-person)


imbuh

head

imbuh (active mengimbuh, passive diimbuh)


kala lampau

From kala + lampau. Calque of English past tense.


ortografi

id-noun

ortografi (first-person possessive ortografiku, second-person possessive ortografimu, third-person possessive ortografinya)

ortografiku (first-person possessive)
ortografimu (possessive second-person)
ortografinya (possessive third-person)


wicara

From Javanese ꦮꦶꦕꦫ (wicara), from Old Javanese wicāra, from Sanskrit विचार (vicāra, “thought, discussion”). Doublet of bicara and to talk.


bacaan

(linguistics) a pronunciation associated with a particular character or word; particularly in East Asian scripts


kata dasar

id-noun

kata dasar (first-person possessive kata dasarku, second-person possessive kata dasarmu, third-person possessive kata dasarnya)

kata dasar ku (first-person possessive)
kata dasar mu (possessive second-person)
kata dasar nya (possessive third-person)


akhiran

akhiran (first-person possessive akhiranku, second-person possessive akhiranmu, third-person possessive akhirannya)

akhiranku (first-person possessive)
akhiranmu (possessive second-person)
akhirannya (possessive third-person)

* From Malay akhiran, from Classical Malay اخيران (akhiran, “finish”). Equivalent to akhir + -an.
* The sense “suffix” is a semantic loan from English suffix.


awalan

id-noun

awalan (first-person possessive awalanku, second-person possessive awalanmu, third-person possessive awalannya)

awalanku (first-person possessive)
awalanmu (possessive second-person)
awalannya (possessive third-person)

(grammar, linguistic morphology) A morpheme added to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning.


bahasa baku

head

bahasa baku (plural bahasa-bahasa baku, first-person possessive bahasa bakuku, second-person possessive bahasa bakumu, third-person possessive bahasa bakunya)

bahasa-bahasa baku (plural)
bahasa baku ku (first-person possessive)
bahasa baku mu (possessive second-person)
bahasa baku nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + baku (“standard”), calque of Dutch standaardtaal (“standard language”).

clq

Bahasa baku itu dianggap lebih baik daripada ragam bahasa yang lain.

It is assumed that the standard register is better than other language varieties.

Bahasa baku mendukung empat fungsi.

Standard language supports four functions.

Nadin menjelaskan bahwa dirinya kerap menggunakan bahasa baku dalam berbicara sehari-hari.

Nadin told that she usually uses the standard register in her day-to-day speech.

standard language
standard language#English

(sociolinguistics) standard language: A form of a language that is institutionally promoted, regarded as the most "correct" or neutral variety; used by a population for public and formal purposes.


isolek

id-noun

isolek (first-person possessive isolekku, second-person possessive isolekmu, third-person possessive isoleknya)

isolekku (first-person possessive)
isolekmu (possessive second-person)
isoleknya (possessive third-person)

(linguistics) isolect, idiom (neutral term between ‘language’ and ‘dialect’)


preskriptivisme

preskriptivisme (first-person possessive preskriptivismeku, second-person possessive preskriptivismemu, third-person possessive preskriptivismenya)

preskriptivismeku (first-person possessive)
preskriptivismemu (possessive second-person)
preskriptivismenya (possessive third-person)


tutur

tutur (first-person possessive tuturku, second-person possessive tuturmu, third-person possessive tuturnya)

tuturku (first-person possessive)
tuturmu (possessive second-person)
tuturnya (possessive third-person)

Inherited from Malay tutur, from Proto-Malayic *tutur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tutur (“to speak clearly and deliberately”).

inh

(linguistics) parole: language in use, as opposed to language as a system.


turunan

id-noun

turunan (plural turunan-turunan, first-person possessive turunanku, second-person possessive turunanmu, third-person possessive turunannya)

turunan-turunan (plural)
turunanku (first-person possessive)
turunanmu (possessive second-person)
turunannya (possessive third-person)

Affixed turun (“descent”) + -an, inherited from Malay turunan, from, Classical Malay turunan (“descendant”). The sense “derivative” is a semantic loan from English derivative.

(linguistics) A word that derives from another one.

derivative:
A word that derives from another one.


menurunkan

turun (root)
menuruni (active locative)
terturuni (involuntary locative)
dituruni (involuntary locative passive)
turuni (locative)
turunilah (locative)
menurunkan (active applicative causative)
terturunkan (applicative causative)
diturunkan (applicative causative passive)
turunkan (applicative causative)
turunkanlah (applicative causative)
memperturun (active causative)
terperturun (active causative involuntary)
diperturun (active causative involuntary passive)
perturunkan (active causative)
perturunlah (active causative)
memperturuni (active causative locative)
terperturuni (causative involuntary locative)
diperturuni (causative involuntary locative passive)
perturuni (causative locative)
perturunilah (causative locative)
memperturunkan (active applicative causative)
terperturunkan (applicative causative)
diperturunkan (applicative causative passive)
perturunkan (applicative causative)
perturunkanlah (applicative causative)

From Malay menurunkan,
from Classical Malay menurunkan. Equivalent to
turun + meng- -kan.


kanonis

(mathematics, linguistics) In canonical form.


basantara

Blend of bahasa (“language”) + perantara (“intermediary”).

blend

(linguistics) koine, lingua franca, link language, trade language, vehicular language: a common language used by people of diverse backgrounds to communicate with one another, often a basic form of speech with simplified grammar, particularly, one that is not the first language of any of its speakers.


wilapa

id-noun

wilapa (first-person possessive wilapaku, second-person possessive wilapamu, third-person possessive wilapanya)

wilapaku (first-person possessive)
wilapamu (possessive second-person)
wilapanya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit विलाप (vilāpa, “lamentation”).


lokalisasi

Borrowed from Dutch lokalisatie. By surface analysis, lokal + -isasi.

(translation studies, chiefly software, marketing) the act, process, or result of adapting translated text to fit a local culture; domestication


lokalisasi

head

lokalisasi (active melokalisasi, passive dilokalisasi, perfective passive terlokalisasi)

melokalisasi (active)
dilokalisasi (passive)
terlokalisasi (passive perfective)

(translation studies, chiefly software) to adapt translated text to fit a local culture; to domesticate


kosakata

Calque of Dutch woordenschat (“vocabulary”, literally “word treasure”) as kosa + kata (“word”). The word kosa is from Sanskrit कोश (kośa, “dictionary, lexicon, vocabulary, treasury, store”).

der

...kosakata Indonesia tjukuplah orang membandingkan ,,Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia„ tahun 1952 buatan W. J. S. Poerwadarminta dengan sebuah kamus buatan sebelum perang (misalnja kamus Klinkert atau Van Ronkel).

1957, Tardjan Hadidjaja, Asas-asas pendidikan bahasa ibu bagi anak Djawa, Ganaco:


sebutan

id-noun

sebutan (first-person possessive sebutanku, second-person possessive sebutanmu, third-person possessive sebutannya)

sebutanku (first-person possessive)
sebutanmu (possessive second-person)
sebutannya (possessive third-person)


eksaminasi

èksaminasi (first-person possessive eksaminasiku, second-person possessive eksaminasimu, third-person possessive eksaminasinya)

èksaminasi (canonical)
eksaminasiku (first-person possessive)
eksaminasimu (possessive second-person)
eksaminasinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch examinatie, from Latin exāminātiō.

(linguistics) examination of authenticity.

examination,
examination of authenticity.


nisbah

nisbah (plural nisbah-nisbah, first-person possessive nisbahku, second-person possessive nisbahmu, third-person possessive nisbahnya)

nisbah-nisbah (plural)
nisbahku (first-person possessive)
nisbahmu (possessive second-person)
nisbahnya (possessive third-person)

From Malay nisbah, from Classical Malay nisbah, from Arabic نِسْبَة (nisba). The sense in Arabic grammar and Islamic finance are semantic borrowings from the same Arabic word.

(Arabic grammar) nisba: a common suffix to form adjectives of relation or pertinence.


adjektif

adjektif (first-person possessive adjektifku, second-person possessive adjektifmu, third-person possessive adjektifnya)

adjektifku (first-person possessive)
adjektifmu (possessive second-person)
adjektifnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch adjectief, from Middle French adjectif, from Latin adiectīvus.

(linguistics, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of adjektiva (“adjective”).


netral

From Dutch neutral, from late Middle Dutch neutrael, from Middle French neutral, from Old French neutral, from Latin neutrālis, itself from neuter (“neither”).

(linguistics) neuter, neither masculin nor feminine.


konstruksi

From Dutch constructie, from Middle Dutch constructie, from Old French construction, from Latin cōnstructiō, from cōnstruere (present active infinitive of cōnstruō) + tiō.

(grammar) A group of words arranged to form a meaningful phrase.


konstruksi

head

konstruksi (active mengonstruksi, passive dikonstruksi, perfective passive terkonstruksi)

mengonstruksi (active)
dikonstruksi (passive)
terkonstruksi (passive perfective)

(grammar) To build (a sentence, an argument, etc.) by arranging words or ideas.


derivatif

From Dutch derivatief, from Middle French dérivatif, from Latin dērīvātus, perfect passive participle of dērīvō (“I derive”).

derivative,
(linguistics) derived from root word.


kodifikasi

id-noun

kodifikasi (plural kodifikasi-kodifikasi, first-person possessive kodifikasiku, second-person possessive kodifikasimu, third-person possessive kodifikasinya)

kodifikasi-kodifikasi (plural)
kodifikasiku (first-person possessive)
kodifikasimu (possessive second-person)
kodifikasinya (possessive third-person)

(law, linguistics, management) codification

the process of precisely formulating a statement, such as a code of laws.

the act or result of arranging something into a code; the act of setting down a body of knowledge in a systematic way.


bahasa buatan

bahasa (“language”) + buatan (“artificial”).

compound

constructed language
constructed language#English

(linguistics) constructed language, a human language that has been consciously devised by an individual or a small group, as opposed to having naturally evolved as part of a culture like a natural language.


bahasa ibu

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + ibu (“mother”), calque of Dutch moedertaal.

(linguistics) mother tongue, native language, first language, the language one first learned; the language one grew up with.


bahasa halus

bahasa (“language”) + halus (“refined”).


bahasa kuno

(linguistics) ancient language, any language originating in times that may be referred to as ancient.


bahasa gaul

bahasa (“language”) + gaul (“friendship, socialisation”).

language outside of conventional usage and in the informal register,

the specialized language of a social group, sometimes used to make what is said unintelligible to those not members of the group.


bahasa kasar

bahasa (“language”) + kasar (“crude, rude”).

(linguistics) offensive register, causing offense; arousing a visceral reaction of disgust, anger, or hatred.


bahasa resmi

bahasa (“language”) + resmi (“official”).

official language
official language#English

(linguistics) official language, a language afforded an elevated status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction, typically for government use.


bahasa klasik

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + klasik (“classical”), calque of Dutch klassieke talen (klassieke + talen).

com

(linguistics, literature) a classical language


bahasa dagang

(linguistics) koine, lingua franca, link language, trade language, vehicular language: a common language used by people of diverse backgrounds to communicate with one another, often a basic form of speech with simplified grammar, particularly, one that is not the first language of any of its speakers.


bahasa mati

(linguistics) dead language, a language which no longer has any native speakers.


bahasa asing

bahasa (“language”) + asing (“foreign”).

foreign language
foreign language#English

a language that is not widely or officially spoken in a particular place.

a language that is not one's native tongue.


amplifikasi

From Dutch amplificatie, from Latin amplificātiō.

(linguistics) a translation technique that involves adding content that is not present in the source text to the target text, usually to improve the fluency of the translation.

(linguistics) a figure of speech that adds importance to increase its rhetorical effect.


intonasi

From Dutch intonatie, from French intonation.

(linguistics) the rise and fall of the voice in speaking.The rise and fall of the voice in speaking.


koordinasi

From Dutch coördinatie, from Middle French coordination, from Late Latin coordinationem (accusative of coordinatio), from Latin coordinare.

(linguistics) an equal joining together of two or more phrases or clauses, for example, using and, or, or but.


penanda

id-noun

penanda (first-person possessive penandaku, second-person possessive penandamu, third-person possessive penandanya)

penandaku (first-person possessive)
penandamu (possessive second-person)
penandanya (possessive third-person)

(linguistics) identifier: the sound of spoken word or string of letters on a page that a person recognizes as a sign; signifier.


kala kini

From kala + kini. Calque of English present tense.


kala akan datang

From kala + akan datang. Calque of English future tense.


ilmu saraf

ilmu saraf (first-person possessive ilmu sarafku, second-person possessive ilmu sarafmu, third-person possessive ilmu sarafnya)

ilmu saraf ku (first-person possessive)
ilmu saraf mu (possessive second-person)
ilmu saraf nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of ilmu + saraf
* From Malay ilmu saraf, from Classical Malay ilmu saraf, from Arabic عِلْم الصَّرْف (ʕilm aṣ-ṣarf).
* Calque of English neuroscience.

der

عِلْم الصَّرْف

Arabic عِلْم الصَّرْف (ʕilm aṣ-ṣarf)

(linguistics) morphology: the study of the internal structure of morphemes (words and their semantic building blocks).


kontaminasi

id-noun

kontaminasi (first-person possessive kontaminasiku, second-person possessive kontaminasimu, third-person possessive kontaminasinya)

kontaminasiku (first-person possessive)
kontaminasimu (possessive second-person)
kontaminasinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch contaminatie, from Latin contāminātiō.

(linguistics) the influence of one form (often from a foreign language) on the historical development of another form to which it may be related in meaning.


konstituen

konstituen (plural konstituen-konstituen, first-person possessive konstituenku, second-person possessive konstituenmu, third-person possessive konstituennya)

konstituen-konstituen (plural)
konstituenku (first-person possessive)
konstituenmu (possessive second-person)
konstituennya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch constituent, from Latin cōnstituēns, present participle of cōnstituō (“I establish”), from com- (“together”) + statuo (“I set, place, establish”).

(linguistics) a functional element of a phrase or clause.


likuida

From Dutch liquida, from Middle English liquide, from Old French liquide, from Latin liquidus (“fluid, liquid, moist”), from liqueō (“to be liquid, be fluid”).

(phonology) liquid: A class of consonant sounds that includes l and r.


silabel

silabel (first-person possessive silabelku, second-person possessive silabelmu, third-person possessive silabelnya)

silabelku (first-person possessive)
silabelmu (possessive second-person)
silabelnya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Dutch syllabe, from French syllabe, from Old French sillebe, from Latin syllaba, from Ancient Greek συλλαβή (sullabḗ), from συλλαμβάνω (sullambánō, “I gather together”), from συν- (sun-, “together”) + λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”).


kata kunci

kata kunci (first-person possessive kata kunciku, second-person possessive kata kuncimu, third-person possessive kata kuncinya)

kata kunci ku (first-person possessive)
kata kunci mu (possessive second-person)
kata kunci nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of kata (“word”) + kunci (“key”), calque of Dutch sleutelwoord (“keyword”).

clq

(linguistics) any word that occurs in a text more often than normal.


kata majemuk

id-noun

kata majemuk (first-person possessive kata majemukku, second-person possessive kata majemukmu, third-person possessive kata majemuknya)

kata majemuk ku (first-person possessive)
kata majemuk mu (possessive second-person)
kata majemuk nya (possessive third-person)

From compound of kata (“word”) + majemuk (“compound”), from calque of Dutch samengesteld woord (“compound word”) (samengesteld + woord).


ajektiva

id-noun

ajektiva (first-person possessive ajektivaku, second-person possessive ajektivamu, third-person possessive ajektivanya)

ajektivaku (first-person possessive)
ajektivamu (possessive second-person)
ajektivanya (possessive third-person)

(linguistics, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of adjektiva (“adjective”).


ajektif

ajektif (first-person possessive ajektifku, second-person possessive ajektifmu, third-person possessive ajektifnya)

ajektifku (first-person possessive)
ajektifmu (possessive second-person)
ajektifnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch adjectief, from Middle French adjectif, from Latin adiectīvus.

(linguistics, nonstandard) alternative spelling of adjektiva (“adjective”).


kompositum

kompositum (first-person possessive kompositumku, second-person possessive kompositummu, third-person possessive kompositumnya)

kompositumku (first-person possessive)
kompositummu (possessive second-person)
kompositumnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch compositum, from Latin compositum.


bahasa negara

bahasa (“language”) + negara (“country, state”).

compound

(linguistics) country official language.


bahasa nasional

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + nasional (“national”), calque of Dutch nationale taal.

(linguistics) national language, a language afforded an elevated status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction.


bahasa standar

head

bahasa standar (plural bahasa-bahasa standar, first-person possessive bahasa standarku, second-person possessive bahasa standarmu, third-person possessive bahasa standarnya)

bahasa-bahasa standar (plural)
bahasa standar ku (first-person possessive)
bahasa standar mu (possessive second-person)
bahasa standar nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + standar (“standard”), calque of Dutch standaardtaal (“standard language”).

clq

Biasanya pemakai bahasa beranggapan bahwa bahasa standar adalah bahasa yang lebih baik dibanding bahasa non-standar.

Language user generally assumed that standard language is better than non-standard language.

Mutu pers ditentukan oleh penggunaan bahasa standar terbaku, baik, dan benar.

Press quality is defined by usage of most standarised, good and right standard language.

Hal ini karena mereka menjadi tolok ukur keberhasilan pemakaian bahasa standar atau baku.

This is because they are success indicator of standard language usage.

(sociolinguistics) standard language: high language variety, usually as codified by prescriptive authorities


paramasastra

id-noun

paramasastra (first-person possessive paramasastraku, second-person possessive paramasastramu, third-person possessive paramasastranya)

paramasastraku (first-person possessive)
paramasastramu (possessive second-person)
paramasastranya (possessive third-person)

From Javanese ꦥꦫꦩꦱꦱ꧀ꦠꦿ (paramasastra, “grammar”), probably calque of Dutch spraakkunst, from Old Javanese parama (“finest”) + śāstra, from Sanskrit परम (parama, “finest”) + शास्त्र (śāstra).

compound

a system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language.

a book describing the rules of grammar of a language.


subjek

id-noun

subjèk (plural subjek-subjek, first-person possessive subjekku, second-person possessive subjekmu, third-person possessive subjeknya)

subjèk (canonical)
subjek-subjek (plural)
subjekku (first-person possessive)
subjekmu (possessive second-person)
subjeknya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Dutch subject, from Latin subiectus (“a subject, an inferior”), subiectum (“the subject of a proposition”), past participle of subiciō (“throw, lay, place”), from sub (“under, at the foot of”) + iaciō (“throw, hurl”). The pronunciation is influenced by English subject.

der

(grammar) the word or word group about whom a statement is made.


keterangan

id-noun

kêtêrangan (first-person possessive keteranganku, second-person possessive keteranganmu, third-person possessive keterangannya)

kêtêrangan (canonical)
keteranganku (first-person possessive)
keteranganmu (possessive second-person)
keterangannya (possessive third-person)

Inherited from Malay keterangan, synchronically analysable as terang + ke- -an.


asimilasi

asimilasi (first-person possessive asimilasiku, second-person possessive asimilasimu, third-person possessive asimilasinya)

asimilasiku (first-person possessive)
asimilasimu (possessive second-person)
asimilasinya (possessive third-person)

(linguistics, phonology) a sound change process by which the phonetics of a speech segment becomes more like that of another segment in a word (or at a word boundary), so that a change of phoneme occurs.


warna bahasa

warna bahasa (first-person possessive warna bahasaku, second-person possessive warna bahasamu, third-person possessive warna bahasanya)

warna bahasa ku (first-person possessive)
warna bahasa mu (possessive second-person)
warna bahasa nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of warna (“colour”) + bahasa (“language”), calque of Balinese ᬯᬃᬦᬩᬲ (warna basa, “register”, literally “variety of language”), from Sanskrit वर्ण (varṇa, “colour”) + भाषा (bhāṣā, “language”).

compound

(linguistics) register: a style of a language used in a particular context, which is related to honorific.


amanat

id-noun

amanat (plural amanat-amanat, first-person possessive amanatku, second-person possessive amanatmu, third-person possessive amanatnya)

amanat-amanat (plural)
amanatku (first-person possessive)
amanatmu (possessive second-person)
amanatnya (possessive third-person)

From Malay amanat, from Classical Malay امانت (amanat), from Classical Persian امانت (amānat), from Arabic أَمَانَة (ʔamāna). Doublet of amanah.

amanat anggaran

(communication, linguistics) a communication, or what is communicated; any concept or information conveyed.


tujuan

tujuan (first-person possessive tujuanku, second-person possessive tujuanmu, third-person possessive tujuannya)

tujuanku (first-person possessive)
tujuanmu (possessive second-person)
tujuannya (possessive third-person)

Affixed tuju + -an, from Malay tujuan. Semantic loan from Dutch oogmerk (“aim, goal”) in law terms.


kontraksi

id-noun

kontraksi (first-person possessive kontraksiku, second-person possessive kontraksimu, third-person possessive kontraksinya)

kontraksiku (first-person possessive)
kontraksimu (possessive second-person)
kontraksinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch contractie, from Middle French contraction, from Old French contraction, from Latin contractiō.

(linguistics) a process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme (a word) are lost or reduced, such that it becomes a bound morpheme (a clitic) that attaches phonologically to an adjacent word.


pelengkap

pelengkap (first-person possessive pelengkapku, second-person possessive pelengkapmu, third-person possessive pelengkapnya)

pelengkapku (first-person possessive)
pelengkapmu (possessive second-person)
pelengkapnya (possessive third-person)

(linguistics) a word or group of words that completes a grammatical construction in the predicate and that describes or is identified with the subject or object.


komplemen

komplêmèn (first-person possessive komplemenku, second-person possessive komplemenmu, third-person possessive komplemennya)

komplêmèn (canonical)
komplemenku (first-person possessive)
komplemenmu (possessive second-person)
komplemennya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch complement, from Latin complementum (“that which fills up or completes”), from compleō (“I fill up, I complete”).


orang ketiga

Compound of orang (literally “party”) + ketiga (“third”).
# For grammar and linguistics senses, calque of Dutch derde persoon (“third person”).
# For sense of other man and other woman, probably calque from Chinese 第三者 (dìsānzhě, “the other man, the other women”, literally “third party”).


variasi

id-noun

variasi (first-person possessive variasiku, second-person possessive variasimu, third-person possessive variasinya)

variasiku (first-person possessive)
variasimu (possessive second-person)
variasinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch variatie, from Middle French variation, from Old French variacion, from Latin variātiō.
* Semantic loan from English variation.

(linguistics) a characteristic of language: there is more than one way of saying the same thing.


aspek

aspék (first-person possessive aspekku, second-person possessive aspekmu, third-person possessive aspeknya)

aspék (canonical)
aspekku (first-person possessive)
aspekmu (possessive second-person)
aspeknya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch aspect. Cognate of Afrikaans aspek.

(grammar) a grammatical quality of a verb which determines the relationship of the speaker to the internal temporal flow of the event which the verb describes, or whether the speaker views the event from outside as a whole, or from within as it is unfolding.


referensi

réfêrènsi (first-person possessive referensiku, second-person possessive referensimu, third-person possessive referensinya)

réfêrènsi (canonical)
referensiku (first-person possessive)
referensimu (possessive second-person)
referensinya (possessive third-person)

ré‧fê‧rèn‧si

From Dutch referentie, from French référence, presumably from Old French referer (14th century), anyway from Latin referre "to relate, refer", literally "to carry back", itself from re- "back" + ferre "to carry, bring".

(semantics) a relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object.


diksi

diksi (first-person possessive diksiku, second-person possessive diksimu, third-person possessive diksinya)

diksiku (first-person possessive)
diksimu (possessive second-person)
diksinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch dictie, from Middle French diction, from Latin dictiō.

(linguistics) diction: choice and use of words, especially with regard to effective communication.


bahasa tonal

bahasa tonal (first-person possessive bahasa tonalku, second-person possessive bahasa tonalmu, third-person possessive bahasa tonalnya)

bahasa tonal ku (first-person possessive)
bahasa tonal mu (possessive second-person)
bahasa tonal nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of bahasa + *tonal, calque of English tonal language.

(linguistics) tonal language: languages which use tones to distinguish words or their inflections, analogously to consonants and vowels


eksplikatif

èksplikatif (first-person possessive eksplikatifku, second-person possessive eksplikatifmu, third-person possessive eksplikatifnya)

èksplikatif (canonical)
eksplikatifku (first-person possessive)
eksplikatifmu (possessive second-person)
eksplikatifnya (possessive third-person)

From English explicative, from Latin explicātīvus, from explicō (“to unfold, open out”).


hipernim

hipêrnim (first-person possessive hipernimku, second-person possessive hipernimmu, third-person possessive hipernimnya)

hipêrnim (canonical)
hipernimku (first-person possessive)
hipernimmu (possessive second-person)
hipernimnya (possessive third-person)

Affixed hiper- + *nim, from English hypernym, from Ancient Greek hyper- (“over”) + -onym (“name”).

(semantics) hypernym: a superordinate word or phrase; a term whose referents form a set which includes as a subset the referents of a subordinate term.


penguatan

pênguatan (plural penguatan-penguatan, first-person possessive penguatanku, second-person possessive penguatanmu, third-person possessive penguatannya)

pênguatan (canonical)
penguatan-penguatan (plural)
penguatanku (first-person possessive)
penguatanmu (possessive second-person)
penguatannya (possessive third-person)

Affixed kuat + peng- -an.
* The confirmation sense is a semantic loan from Latin confirmatio, noun of process from cōnfirmātus (“confirmed”), perfect passive participle of cōnfirmāre, from con- (“with”) + firmāre (“to firm or strengthen”).

(linguistics) a translation technique that involves adding content that is not present in the source text to the target text, usually to improve the fluency of the translation.

(linguistics) a figure of speech that adds importance to increase its rhetorical effect.


deret vokal

deret vokal (first-person possessive deret vokalku, second-person possessive deret vokalmu, third-person possessive deret vokalnya)

deret vokal ku (first-person possessive)
deret vokal mu (possessive second-person)
deret vokal nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of deret + vokal, calque of English vowel sequence.


deret konsonan

deret konsonan (first-person possessive deret konsonanku, second-person possessive deret konsonanmu, third-person possessive deret konsonannya)

deret konsonan ku (first-person possessive)
deret konsonan mu (possessive second-person)
deret konsonan nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of deret + konsonan, calque of English consonant sequence.


tekanan

têkanan (first-person possessive tekananku, second-person possessive tekananmu, third-person possessive tekanannya)

têkanan (canonical)
tekananku (first-person possessive)
tekananmu (possessive second-person)
tekanannya (possessive third-person)

(linguistics) accent: a higher-pitched or stronger articulation of a particular syllable of a word or phrase in order to distinguish it from the others or to emphasize it.


denotasi

dénotasi (first-person possessive denotasiku, second-person possessive denotasimu, third-person possessive denotasinya)

dénotasi (canonical)
denotasiku (first-person possessive)
denotasimu (possessive second-person)
denotasinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch denotatie, from French dénotation, from Latin denotatio.

(logic, linguistics, semiotics) denotation: The primary, surface, literal, or explicit meaning of a signifier such as a word, phrase, or symbol; that which a word denotes, as contrasted with its connotation; the aggregate or set of objects of which a word may be predicated.


Bima

Borrowed from Bima bima; derived from imbi (“believe; trust; faith”) + ruma (“God”).

compound

(linguistic) The native language of Bima people.


sinkope

id-noun

sinkopé (first-person possessive sinkopeku, second-person possessive sinkopemu, third-person possessive sinkopenya)

sinkopé (canonical)
sinkopeku (first-person possessive)
sinkopemu (possessive second-person)
sinkopenya (possessive third-person)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ). Doublet of sinkop.

lbor

(linguistics, phonology, prosody) syncope: the loss or elision of a sound, from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable.


statif

id-noun

statif (plural statif-statif, first-person possessive statifku, second-person possessive statifmu, third-person possessive statifnya)

statif-statif (plural)
statifku (first-person possessive)
statifmu (possessive second-person)
statifnya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Dutch statief, from Latin statīvus (“stationary; permanent”).

der

Kalimat statif adalah kalimat yang predikatnya bukan merupakan verba aktif.

A stative sentence is a sentence whose predicate is not an active verb

(grammar) stative: a construct asserting that a subject has a particular property.


formatif

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch formatief, from Middle French formatif.

(grammar) Pertaining to the inflection of words.

formative:
Pertaining to the inflection of words.


formatif

id-noun

formatif (plural formatif-formatif, first-person possessive formatifku, second-person possessive formatifmu, third-person possessive formatifnya)

formatif-formatif (plural)
formatifku (first-person possessive)
formatifmu (possessive second-person)
formatifnya (possessive third-person)

(grammar) formative: A language unit that has morphological function.


akusatif

akusatif (first-person possessive akusatifku, second-person possessive akusatifmu, third-person possessive akusatifnya)

akusatifku (first-person possessive)
akusatifmu (possessive second-person)
akusatifnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch accusatief, from Latin accūsātīvus.


aglutinasi

aglutinasi (first-person possessive aglutinasiku, second-person possessive aglutinasimu, third-person possessive aglutinasinya)

aglutinasiku (first-person possessive)
aglutinasimu (possessive second-person)
aglutinasinya (possessive third-person)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch agglutinatie, from French agglutination, from New Latin agglūtinātiō.

(linguistics) combination in which root words are united with little or no change of form or loss of meaning.


anteseden

antésèdên (first-person possessive antesedenku, second-person possessive antesedenmu, third-person possessive antesedennya)

antésèdên (canonical)
antesedenku (first-person possessive)
antesedenmu (possessive second-person)
antesedennya (possessive third-person)

an‧té‧sè‧dên

From Dutch antecedent, from French antécédent, from Latin antecēdēns (“go before”).

(linguistics, grammar) A word, phrase or clause referred to by a pronoun.


aposisi

aposisi (first-person possessive aposisiku, second-person possessive aposisimu, third-person possessive aposisinya)

aposisiku (first-person possessive)
aposisimu (possessive second-person)
aposisinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch appositie, from Middle French apposition, from Latin appositiō.


argumen

argumèn (first-person possessive argumenku, second-person possessive argumenmu, third-person possessive argumennya)

argumèn (canonical)
argumenku (first-person possessive)
argumenmu (possessive second-person)
argumennya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch argument, from French argument, from Latin argūmentum, from arguō (“prove, argue”).

(linguistics) any of the phrases that bears a syntactic connection to the verb of a clause.


artikulasi

artikulasi (first-person possessive artikulasiku, second-person possessive artikulasimu, third-person possessive artikulasinya)

artikulasiku (first-person possessive)
artikulasimu (possessive second-person)
artikulasinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch articulatie, from French articulation, from Latin articulātiō.

(Standard Malay)

(linguistics) the manner in which a phoneme is pronounced.


aspirasi

aspirasi (first-person possessive aspirasiku, second-person possessive aspirasimu, third-person possessive aspirasinya)

aspirasiku (first-person possessive)
aspirasimu (possessive second-person)
aspirasinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch aspiratie, from French aspiration, from Latin aspiratio.

(linguistics) a burst of air that follows the release of some consonants.


kolokasi

kolokasi (first-person possessive kolokasiku, second-person possessive kolokasimu, third-person possessive kolokasinya)

kolokasiku (first-person possessive)
kolokasimu (possessive second-person)
kolokasinya (possessive third-person)

Affixed ko- + lokasi, from Dutch collocatie, from Latin collocātiō (“a putting together”).

(linguistics) collocation: The grouping or juxtaposition of things, especially words or sounds.

(linguistics, translation studies) A sequence of words or terms that co-occur more often than would be expected by chance (i.e., the statistically significant placement of particular words in a language), often representing an established name for, or idiomatic way of conveying, a particular semantic concept.


nirsuara

nir- + suara (“voice”). Calque of English voiceless.

(phonetics, of a consonant or vowel) voiceless: Spoken without vibration of the vocal cords


konotasi

konotasi (first-person possessive konotasiku, second-person possessive konotasimu, third-person possessive konotasinya)

konotasiku (first-person possessive)
konotasimu (possessive second-person)
konotasinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch connotatie, from Medieval Latin connotātiō, from connotō (“I mark in addition”), from Latin con- (“together, with”) + noto (“I note”).

(semantics) connotation: A meaning of a word or phrase that is suggested or implied, as opposed to a denotation, or literal meaning. A characteristic of words or phrases, or of the contexts that words and phrases are used in.


konjungsi

konjungsi (first-person possessive konjungsiku, second-person possessive konjungsimu, third-person possessive konjungsinya)

konjungsiku (first-person possessive)
konjungsimu (possessive second-person)
konjungsinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch conjunctie, from Old French conjonction, from Latin coniūnctiō (“joining”), from coniungere (“to join”).

(grammar) A word used to join other words or phrases together into sentences. The specific conjunction used shows how the two joined parts are related.


kopulatif

kopulatif (first-person possessive kopulatifku, second-person possessive kopulatifmu, third-person possessive kopulatifnya)

kopulatifku (first-person possessive)
kopulatifmu (possessive second-person)
kopulatifnya (possessive third-person)


produktivitas

From produktif + -itas, displaced the older produktivitet, a loan word from Dutch productiviteit.

(linguistics) productivity (ability to form new words using established patterns and discrete linguistic elements)


konjugasi

konjugasi (first-person possessive konjugasiku, second-person possessive konjugasimu, third-person possessive konjugasinya)

konjugasiku (first-person possessive)
konjugasimu (possessive second-person)
konjugasinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch conjugatie, from Latin coniugātiō (“combining, connecting; conjugation”), from coniugō (“join, unite together”).

der

(linguistics, grammar) The act of conjugating a verb.

conjugation:
The act of conjugating a verb.


produktif

From Dutch productief, from French productif, from Late Latin productīvus, or formed from Latin productus with the suffix -if.

(linguistics) productive (consistently applicable to any of an open set of words)


deklinasi

id-noun

déklinasi (plural deklinasi-deklinasi, first-person possessive deklinasiku, second-person possessive deklinasimu, third-person possessive deklinasinya)

déklinasi (canonical)
deklinasi-deklinasi (plural)
deklinasiku (first-person possessive)
deklinasimu (possessive second-person)
deklinasinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch declinatie, from Middle Dutch declinacie, from Latin dēclīnātiō.

(grammar) declension: the act of declining a word; the act of listing the inflections of a noun, pronoun or adjective in order.


transkripsi

transkripsi (plural transkripsi-transkripsi, first-person possessive transkripsiku, second-person possessive transkripsimu, third-person possessive transkripsinya)

transkripsi-transkripsi (plural)
transkripsiku (first-person possessive)
transkripsimu (possessive second-person)
transkripsinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch transcriptie, from Middle French transcription, from Latin transcriptiōnem, trānscrībō (“transcribe”).

(linguistics) A representation of speech sounds as phonetic symbols.


difusi

difusi (plural difusi-difusi, first-person possessive difusiku, second-person possessive difusimu, third-person possessive difusinya)

difusi-difusi (plural)
difusiku (first-person possessive)
difusimu (possessive second-person)
difusinya (possessive third-person)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch diffusie, from French diffusion.

(linguistics) The spread of cultural or linguistic practices, or social institutions, in one or more communities.


modalitas

modalitas (plural modalitas-modalitas, first-person possessive modalitasku, second-person possessive modalitasmu, third-person possessive modalitasnya)

modalitas-modalitas (plural)
modalitasku (first-person possessive)
modalitasmu (possessive second-person)
modalitasnya (possessive third-person)

Internationalism, affixed *modal + -itas.

(linguistics) mood: The inflection of a verb that shows how its action is conceived by the speaker.


konkordansi

konkordansi (plural konkordansi-konkordansi, first-person possessive konkordansiku, second-person possessive konkordansimu, third-person possessive konkordansinya)

konkordansi-konkordansi (plural)
konkordansiku (first-person possessive)
konkordansimu (possessive second-person)
konkordansinya (possessive third-person)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch concordantie, from French concordance, from Medieval Latin concordantia.

(linguistics) concordance: An alphabetical verbal index showing the places in the text of a book where each principal word may be found, with its immediate context in each place.


interferensi

intêrfêrènsi (plural interferensi-interferensi, first-person possessive interferensiku, second-person possessive interferensimu, third-person possessive interferensinya)

intêrfêrènsi (canonical)
interferensi-interferensi (plural)
interferensiku (first-person possessive)
interferensimu (possessive second-person)
interferensinya (possessive third-person)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch interferentie, from French interférence.

(linguistics) The situation where a person who knows two languages inappropriately transfers lexical items or structures from one to the other.


analisis wacana

analisis wacana (plural analisis-analisis wacana, first-person possessive analisis wacanaku, second-person possessive analisis wacanamu, third-person possessive analisis wacananya)

analisis-analisis wacana (plural)
analisis wacana ku (first-person possessive)
analisis wacana mu (possessive second-person)
analisis wacana nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of analisis (“analysis”) + wacana (“discourse”), calque of English discourse analysis.

com

discourse analysis
discourse analysis#English

(linguistics) discourse analysis: Any of a number of approaches to analyzing written, spoken or signed language use.


kalimat majemuk bertingkat

id-noun

kalimat majemuk bertingkat (plural kalimat-kalimat majemuk bertingkat, first-person possessive kalimat majemuk bertingkatku, second-person possessive kalimat majemuk bertingkatmu, third-person possessive kalimat majemuk bertingkatnya)

kalimat-kalimat majemuk bertingkat (plural)
kalimat majemuk bertingkat ku (first-person possessive)
kalimat majemuk bertingkat mu (possessive second-person)
kalimat majemuk bertingkat nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of kalimat majemuk + bertingkat.

complex sentence
complex sentence#English

(grammar) complex sentence: a sentence that contains an independent clause as well as one or more dependent clauses, such as a relative clause, an adverbial clause, or a noun clause.


kalimat tunggal

kalimat tunggal (plural kalimat-kalimat tunggal, first-person possessive kalimat tunggalku, second-person possessive kalimat tunggalmu, third-person possessive kalimat tunggalnya)

kalimat-kalimat tunggal (plural)
kalimat tunggal ku (first-person possessive)
kalimat tunggal mu (possessive second-person)
kalimat tunggal nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of kalimat (“sentence”) + tunggal.

(grammar) simple sentence: a sentence that contains one independent clause and no dependent clause.


kalimat majemuk setara

kalimat majemuk setara (plural kalimat-kalimat majemuk setara, first-person possessive kalimat majemuk setaraku, second-person possessive kalimat majemuk setaramu, third-person possessive kalimat majemuk setaranya)

kalimat-kalimat majemuk setara (plural)
kalimat majemuk setara ku (first-person possessive)
kalimat majemuk setara mu (possessive second-person)
kalimat majemuk setara nya (possessive third-person)

compound sentence
compound sentence#English

(grammar) compound sentence: a sentence that has two or more independent clauses, joined by a conjunction (such as 'but', 'and') and/or punctuation (such as ',').


pengucapan

pêngucapan (plural pengucapan-pengucapan, first-person possessive pengucapanku, second-person possessive pengucapanmu, third-person possessive pengucapannya)

pêngucapan (canonical)
pengucapan-pengucapan (plural)
pengucapanku (first-person possessive)
pengucapanmu (possessive second-person)
pengucapannya (possessive third-person)


fonemis

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch fonemisch.


kohesi

kohesi (plural kohesi-kohesi, first-person possessive kohesiku, second-person possessive kohesimu, third-person possessive kohesinya)

kohesi-kohesi (plural)
kohesiku (first-person possessive)
kohesimu (possessive second-person)
kohesinya (possessive third-person)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch cohesie.

(linguistics) grammatical or lexical relationship between different parts of the same text.


adisi

adisi (first-person possessive adisiku, second-person possessive adisimu, third-person possessive adisinya)

adisiku (first-person possessive)
adisimu (possessive second-person)
adisinya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Dutch additie, from French addition, from Latin additiōnem.


redundansi

redundansi (plural redundansi-redundansi, first-person possessive redundansiku, second-person possessive redundansimu, third-person possessive redundansinya)

redundansi-redundansi (plural)
redundansiku (first-person possessive)
redundansimu (possessive second-person)
redundansinya (possessive third-person)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch redundantie, from French redondance.

(linguistics) superfluity: something redundant or excessive; a needless repetition in language


bahasa kebangsaan

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + kebangsaan (“national”), calque of Dutch nationale taal.

compound

(linguistics) national language, a language afforded an elevated status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction.


pronomina persona

id-noun

pronomina persona (plural pronomina-pronomina persona, first-person possessive pronomina personaku, second-person possessive pronomina personamu, third-person possessive pronomina personanya)

pronomina-pronomina persona (plural)
pronomina persona ku (first-person possessive)
pronomina persona mu (possessive second-person)
pronomina persona nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of pronomina (“pronoun”) + persona (“to replace; to change”), from Latin pronomina personalia.

com

personal pronoun
personal pronoun#English

(grammar) personal pronoun: pronouns that are associated primarily with a particular grammatical person – first person (as I), second person (as you), or third person (as he, she, it, they).


verba bantu

id-noun

verba bantu (plural verba-verba bantu, first-person possessive verba bantuku, second-person possessive verba bantumu, third-person possessive verba bantunya)

verba-verba bantu (plural)
verba bantu ku (first-person possessive)
verba bantu mu (possessive second-person)
verba bantu nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of kata kerja (“verb”) + bantu (“auxiliary”), calque of Latin verbum auxiliare (“auxiliary verb”).


kata ganti orang

id-noun

kata ganti orang (plural kata-kata ganti orang, first-person possessive kata ganti orangku, second-person possessive kata ganti orangmu, third-person possessive kata ganti orangnya)

kata-kata ganti orang (plural)
kata ganti orang ku (first-person possessive)
kata ganti orang mu (possessive second-person)
kata ganti orang nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of kata ganti (“pronoun”) + orang (“person”), calque of Dutch persoonlijk voornaamwoord (compare to Malay kata ganti diri).


kata kerja bantu

id-noun

kata kerja bantu (plural kata-kata kerja bantu, first-person possessive kata kerja bantuku, second-person possessive kata kerja bantumu, third-person possessive kata kerja bantunya)

kata-kata kerja bantu (plural)
kata kerja bantu ku (first-person possessive)
kata kerja bantu mu (possessive second-person)
kata kerja bantu nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of kata kerja (“verb”) + bantu (“auxiliary”), calque of Dutch hulpwerkwoord (“auxiliary verb”).


kata ganti

id-noun

kata ganti (plural kata-kata ganti, first-person possessive kata gantiku, second-person possessive kata gantimu, third-person possessive kata gantinya)

kata-kata ganti (plural)
kata ganti ku (first-person possessive)
kata ganti mu (possessive second-person)
kata ganti nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of kata (“word”) + ganti (“to replace; to change”), calque from Chinese 代詞／代词 (dàicí, “pronoun”, literally “substitute/replace word”).

zh-l

(grammar) pronoun: a type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective.


silabis

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch syllabisch (“syllabic”).


defleksi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch deflexie (“deflection, deflexion”).

(linguistics) the degeneration of a language's inflectional system over time.


substitusi

id-noun

substitusi (plural substitusi-substitusi, first-person possessive substitusiku, second-person possessive substitusimu, third-person possessive substitusinya)

substitusi-substitusi (plural)
substitusiku (first-person possessive)
substitusimu (possessive second-person)
substitusinya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Dutch substitutie, from Middle French substitution, from Latin substitutiō.

(linguistics) The expansion of the lexicon of a language by native means in correspondence to a foreign term.


kata sandang

kata sandang (plural kata-kata sandang, first-person possessive kata sandangku, second-person possessive kata sandangmu, third-person possessive kata sandangnya)

kata-kata sandang (plural)
kata sandang ku (first-person possessive)
kata sandang mu (possessive second-person)
kata sandang nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of kata + sandang, calque of Dutch lidwoord.

(grammar) article: part of speech that indicates, specifies and limits a noun (a, an, or the in English).


artikula

artikula (plural artikula-artikula, first-person possessive artikulaku, second-person possessive artikulamu, third-person possessive artikulanya)

artikula-artikula (plural)
artikulaku (first-person possessive)
artikulamu (possessive second-person)
artikulanya (possessive third-person)

Learned borrowing from Latin articulus (“article”) (compare Spanish artículo, Italian articolo).


bahasa liturgis

id-noun

bahasa liturgis (plural bahasa-bahasa liturgis, first-person possessive bahasa liturgisku, second-person possessive bahasa liturgismu, third-person possessive bahasa liturgisnya)

bahasa-bahasa liturgis (plural)
bahasa liturgis ku (first-person possessive)
bahasa liturgis mu (possessive second-person)
bahasa liturgis nya (possessive third-person)

liturgical language
liturgical language#English


laras bahasa

laras bahasa (first-person possessive laras bahasaku, second-person possessive laras bahasamu, third-person possessive laras bahasanya)

laras bahasa ku (first-person possessive)
laras bahasa mu (possessive second-person)
laras bahasa nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of laras + bahasa, inherited from Malay laras bahasa.

(linguistics) register: a style of a language used in a particular context, which is related to honorific.


akrolek

akrolek (first-person possessive akrolekku, second-person possessive akrolekmu, third-person possessive akroleknya)

akrolekku (first-person possessive)
akrolekmu (possessive second-person)
akroleknya (possessive third-person)

(sociolinguistics) acrolect: the variety of speech that is considered most suitable for formal occasions (typically using only standard forms).


peyorasi

peyorasi (first-person possessive peyorasiku, second-person possessive peyorasimu, third-person possessive peyorasinya)

peyorasiku (first-person possessive)
peyorasimu (possessive second-person)
peyorasinya (possessive third-person)

Learned borrowing from Dutch pejoratie. By surface analysis, peyora + -si. Cognates to Afrikaans pejorasie.

(linguistics) The process by which a word acquires a more negative meaning over time; pejoration or pejorativization.


pewarisan

pêwarisan (plural pewarisan-pewarisan, first-person possessive pewarisanku, second-person possessive pewarisanmu, third-person possessive pewarisannya)

pêwarisan (canonical)
pewarisan-pewarisan (plural)
pewarisanku (first-person possessive)
pewarisanmu (possessive second-person)
pewarisannya (possessive third-person)

(biology, linguistics) the act or mechanism of inheriting; the state of having inherited.


interjeksi

interjeksi (first-person possessive interjeksiku, second-person possessive interjeksimu, third-person possessive interjeksinya)

interjeksiku (first-person possessive)
interjeksimu (possessive second-person)
interjeksinya (possessive third-person)


kata seru

kata sêru (first-person possessive kata seruku, second-person possessive kata serumu, third-person possessive kata serunya)

kata sêru (canonical)
kata seru ku (first-person possessive)
kata seru mu (possessive second-person)
kata seru nya (possessive third-person)


kesalingpahaman

(linguistics) mutual intelligibility (the ability of speakers of two language varieties to understand the other)


tertutup

(phonology) formed by closing the mouth and nose passages completely, like the consonants /t/, /d/, and /p/

(phonology) having the sound cut off sharply by a following consonant, like the /ɪ/ in pin


pembacaan

(linguistics) a pronunciation associated with a particular character or word; particularly in East Asian scripts


jalan bahasa

jalan bahasa (first-person possessive jalan bahasaku, second-person possessive jalan bahasamu, third-person possessive jalan bahasanya)

jalan bahasa ku (first-person possessive)
jalan bahasa mu (possessive second-person)
jalan bahasa nya (possessive third-person)

a system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language

the study of the internal structure of words (morphology) and the use of words in the construction of phrases and sentences (syntax)


luncuran

luncuran (plural luncuran-luncuran, first-person possessive luncuranku, second-person possessive luncuranmu, third-person possessive luncurannya)

luncuran-luncuran (plural)
luncuranku (first-person possessive)
luncuranmu (possessive second-person)
luncurannya (possessive third-person)

Affixed luncur + -an. Compare Malay لونچورن (luncuran, “coasting”).

cog

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">luncuran</i>

(phonology) glide: a transitional sound, especially a semivowel.


penutur jati

Compound of penutur (“speaker”) + jati (“pure; real”).

com+

(linguistics) native speaker (a person who grew up with a particular language as their mother tongue)


rekonstruksi

From Dutch reconstructie. Equivalent to re- + konstruksi.

(linguistics) A result of linguistic reconstruction; a model representing an unattested linguistic unit: a phoneme, a morpheme or a word.


deskriptor

id-noun

deskriptor (plural deskriptor-deskriptor, first-person possessive deskriptorku, second-person possessive deskriptormu, third-person possessive deskriptornya)

deskriptor-deskriptor (plural)
deskriptorku (first-person possessive)
deskriptormu (possessive second-person)
deskriptornya (possessive third-person)

Internationalism, borrowed from English descriptor.

(linguistics) a word or expression used to describe or identify something.


SPOK

SPOK (first-person possessive SPOKku, second-person possessive SPOKmu, third-person possessive SPOKnya)

SPOKku (first-person possessive)
SPOKmu (possessive second-person)
SPOKnya (possessive third-person)

(grammar) Initialism of subjek, predikat, objek, dan keterangan.


strukturalisme

By surface analysis, struktural + -isme.

(linguistics) The theory that a human language is a self-contained structure related to other elements which make up its existence.


langue-parole

Unadapted borrowing from French langue (“language”) + parole (“expression; speech; voice”).

com

(linguistics) a theoretical linguistic dichotomy by Ferdinand de Saussure of the abstract, systematic rules and conventions of a signifying system versus the concrete instances of the use of langue.


bahasa perantara

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + perantara (“intermediary”).

(linguistics) koine, lingua franca, link language, trade language, vehicular language: a common language used by people of diverse backgrounds to communicate with one another, often a basic form of speech with simplified grammar, particularly, one that is not the first language of any of its speakers.


penyerapan

(linguistics) borrowing (an instance of an word being borrowed)


perlambangan bunyi

id-noun

perlambangan bunyi (plural perlambangan-perlambangan bunyi, first-person possessive perlambangan bunyiku, second-person possessive perlambangan bunyimu, third-person possessive perlambangan bunyinya)

perlambangan-perlambangan bunyi (plural)
perlambangan bunyi ku (first-person possessive)
perlambangan bunyi mu (possessive second-person)
perlambangan bunyi nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of perlambangan + bunyi (“sound”), Calque of Dutch klanksymboliek (“sound symbolism”).

clq

(linguistics, phonology) sound symbolism


peleburan

id-noun

peleburan (plural peleburan-peleburan, first-person possessive peleburanku, second-person possessive peleburanmu, third-person possessive peleburannya)

peleburan-peleburan (plural)
peleburanku (first-person possessive)
peleburanmu (possessive second-person)
peleburannya (possessive third-person)

(phonology) coalescence: the merging of two segments into one.

(phonology) a type of sound change where two or more sounds merge into one.


ekstensi

ekstensi (plural ekstensi-ekstensi, first-person possessive ekstensiku, second-person possessive ekstensimu, third-person possessive ekstensinya)

ekstensi-ekstensi (plural)
ekstensiku (first-person possessive)
ekstensimu (possessive second-person)
ekstensinya (possessive third-person)

→ Malay: ekstensi

Borrowed from Dutch extensie (“extension”), from French extension, from Late Latin extensio.

bor+

(semantics) capacity of a concept or general term to include a greater or smaller number of objects; — correlative of intension.