ke

From Malay ke, from Old Malay ka. For the verb sense, due to the dropping of preceding verb pergi (“to go”).

Semalam aku pergi ke rumah teman.


kali

From Malay kali, from Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”). Doublet of kala.

Dua kali tiga sama dengan enam.


sama

Sofanya dicakar sama kucingku.

Dia sama temennya ke kafe.


à

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch à, from French à, from Old French a, a merge of Latin ad and ab.

Lama perjalanan yang ditempuh 20 à 30 menit.

The journey takes around 20 to 30 minutes.

Near-synonym: masing-masing

Dia membeli 5 sisir pisang à Rp 5.000.

He bought five fingers of bananas for Rp. 5,000 each.

(rare) indicates the price of a thing etc. per each


per

pêr (canonical)
pir (alternative nonstandard)

From Dutch per, from Latin per (“through, during”), from Proto-Indo-European *per.

to each, in each (used in expressing ratios of units)

by the, by means of the, via the, through the


dengan

dêngan (canonical)
dg (alternative abbreviation)
dgn (alternative abbreviation)

Inherited from Malay dengan, from Proto-Malayic *dəŋan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəŋan.

Aku berbicara dengan Martin.

Kututupi telingaku dengan dua tanganku. Biarlah cepat berlalu dan kugadaikan cintaku.

1986, “Kugadaikan Cintaku [I Pawn My Love]”, in Apel, performed by Gombloh:

I close my ears with your two hands. Let (time) pass quickly and I pawn my love.

Om Djati panggilan akrabnya mengatakan kami anggota Hipakad sengaja terjun ke lokasi untuk bergabung dengan masyarakat dan Satgas TMMD ikut menyukseskan Program TMMD Reguler Ke-103 Kodim 0732/Sleman dengan menyumbangkan tenaga serta pikiran kami guna meningkatkan jiwa nasionalisme anak bangsa.

2018 October 23, “Tingkatkan Jiwa Nasionalisme Dengan Sumbang Tenaga Dalam TMMD [Increase the Spirit of Nationalism by Contributing Energy in the TMMD]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2018-10-24:

Om Djati, which is his nickname, says that, "We, the (squad) members of Hipakad deliberately plunged to the location to join with the community and the TMMD Task Force also made successful the TMMD Program for the 103rd Regular Kodim 0732/Sleman by contributing our energy and minds to increase the spirit of nationalism of the nation's people."

Used to indicate simultaneous happening, or immediate succession or consequence

Jagalah rumah dengan ketat.

used to form adverbs from adjectives; -ly


di

Inherited from Malay di, from Proto-Malayic *di, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *i, from Proto-Austronesian *i. Doublet of -i.

Gelasnya di meja.

positioned at the upper surface of, touching from above

Ada luka besar di punggungnya.

positioned at or resting against the outer surface of; attached to

on
at or in (a certain region or location)

on
near; adjacent to; alongside; just off

Kami makan cukup banyak saat di kereta.

(with certain modes of transport, especially public transport) inside (a vehicle) for the purpose of travelling

Ada sedikit sisa air di botolku.

There is a little water left in my bottle.

Ada banyak pohon di taman itu.

Kita ada di kemah musuh.

Ulang tahunku di bulan Januari.

(indicating time) indicating occurrence in an instant of time or a period of time relatively short in context or from the speaker's perspective.

(used for skills (including in activities) or areas of knowledge) on the subject of; regarding

(dialect) to (in the direction of, so as to arrive at)

(dialect, especially in Central Sumatra) about; of (used as a function word to indicate what is dealt with as the object of thought, feeling, or action)

(dialect, especially in Central Sumatra) from


atas

From Malay atas, from Proto-Malayic *atas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *atas (compare Tagalog taas), from Proto-Austronesian *aCas.

mengatasi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

mengataskan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

teratasi [agentless action + causative benefactive]

in connection with, with reference to, regarding

Buku itu terdiri atas beberapa bab.

Ia berlagak tidak mengerti atas masalah itu.

He/she pretended not to understand about that problem.

Sifat distributif perkalian atas penjumlahan dan pengurangan

The distributive property of multiplication over addition and subtraction.


bagi

From Malay bagi, a variant of the standard bahagi, from Proto-Malayic *bahagi (“share, portion, inheritance; to allot, divide property”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqagi.

inh

for (directed at; intended to belong to)


ala

From French à la, perhaps through English a la.

(colloquial) a la, in the style or manner of


pas

Possibly borrowed and adapted from Dutch pas, a deverbal from passen, from Middle Dutch passen, from pas, from Old French pas, from Latin passus. Therefore related to etymology 1.

(colloquial, nonstandard) during, at the time of


mulai

Inherited from Malay mulai. Equivalent to mula + -i. Compare also Betawi mulain, Musi mula'i.


vis-à-vis

Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.


akan

Inherited from Malay akan, from Proto-Malayic *akən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *akən.

kan (alternative clipping)
'kan (alternative clipping)

kaya akan keberagaman/tradisi


saat

From Malay saat, from Arabic سَاعَة (sāʕa).


bak

kedua anak muda itu wajahnya mirip, bak pinang dibelah dua


demi

(by extension) in the name of (something/someone)

for the sake of, for something's sake
in the name of (something/someone)

per, by; to each, in each (used in expressing ratios of units)

(uncommon, literary or archaic) as if, as though


dalam

Inherited from Malay dalam, from Proto-Malayic *daləm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm. Doublet of dalem. Semantic loan from Chinese 內 /内.


bakal

Inherited from Malay bakal, probably from Old Javanese bakal, ultimately probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *[b]kəl[ ] (“to give, make over”).


guna

From Malay guna (“usage”), from Classical Malay guna, from Sanskrit गुण (guṇa, “use”).


asal

Etymology tree
Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl)bor.
Malay asal
Indonesian asal
Inherited from Malay asal, borrowed from Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl). Doublet of asli


bawah

From Malay bawah, from Proto-Malayic *babah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babaq.


oleh

Inherited from Malay oleh, from Proto-Malayic *ulih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uliq.

Ikan dimakan oleh ibu.

indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: through the action or presence of

(archaic) indicates a means of achieving something: involving/using the means of

(uncommon) due to (caused by; resulting from; because of)

(indicating a family relationship, archaic) to (used to indicate the target or recipient of an action)

(archaic) for
towards; in the direction of

(archaic) for
directed at; intended to belong to

in order to help, benefit, gratify, honor etc. (someone or something)

befitting of someone’s beliefs, needs, wants, skills, or tastes; best suited to


pada

From Malay pada, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pada (“same, equal, like”).

inh

in (as a versalite preposition used in formal situations, it can be used as place and time prepositions, such as with months, years and greater time units) #:


misalnya

(conjunctive) for example (as an example)


tentang

têntang (canonical)
ttg (alternative abbreviation)

[t̪ən̪ˈt̪aŋ]

of; about; on; regarding (with regard to; on account of; on the subject of)

toward (in relation to someone or something)

(obsolete) near (physically close to, in close proximity to)

(obsolete) above (physically over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing)

(obsolete) around (forming a circle or closed curve containing something)


sampai

From Malay sampai, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sampay (“up to, as far as, until”).


bangsa

Inherited from Malay bangsa, from Classical Malay بڠسا (bangsa), from Old Malay vaṃśa, from Sanskrit वंश (vaṃśá, “offspring, lineage, collection”). Doublet of wangsa. Cognate of Tagalog bansa (“nation”).

der

Tersedia segala makanan bangsa kue-kue dan minuman

There is a variety of food (of the cake sort) and drinks available

(by extension, colloquial) a type of, kind, sort; like


kontra

contra (against; contrary or opposed to; in opposition or contrast to)


pasca

nonstandard form of pasca- (“after-, post-”)


untuk

oentoek (alternative)
utk (alternative abbreviation)

Hadiah ini untuknya.


antara

From Malay antara.
* From Sanskrit अन्तर (antara, “interior, interval, difference”)
* From Sanskrit अन्तरा (antarā, “in the middle, between”)


buat

Inherited from Malay buat, from Classical Malay بوات (buat), from Old Malay [script needed] (vuat), from Proto-Malayic *buat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhat.

Dia udah beli hape baru buat adek kita.

He has bought a new cellphone for our little brother.


habis

Habis mandi dan sarapan, anak-anak berangkat ke sekolah.

After showering and having breakfast, the children left for school.


pangkat

Reconstructed as peng- + angkat, from Malay pangkat, from Javanese ꦥꦁꦏꦠ꧀ (pangkat, “rank, position, status; grade (school); degree, power; departure”), from Old Javanese paṅkat (“arranged; depart”), aṅkat (“departure, getting up”). Doublet of pengangkat.

Dua pangkat tiga sama dengan delapan.

Two to the power of three equals eight. 2³ = 8.


mengenai

of; about; on; regarding (with regard to; on account of; on the subject of; to affect)


daripada

dp (alternative abbreviation)
drpd (alternative abbreviation)

Compound of dari + pada, inherited from Malay daripada (“than; from”).

inh+

Buku ini lebih bagus daripada buku itu.


tanpa

From Malay tanpa, from Classical Malay tanpa, from Javanese tanpa (ꦠꦤ꧀ꦥ, “without”), from Old Javanese tan apa (“not matter”).


tiada

From Malay tiada, from Proto-Malayic *ti (“basic negator”) + *ada (“to exist”).

Tiada orang di jalan ini.


kepada

kêpada (canonical)
kpd (alternative abbreviation)

Affixed ke- + pada, from Malay kepada (“to (a person)”), from Classical Malay kepada (“to (a place)”).

Mohon, kirimlah salamku kepada ibuku.


menurut

From Malay menurut, from Classical Malay menurut. Equivalent to meng- + turut.


begitu

bêgitu (canonical)
gitu (alternative colloquial)

Inherited from Malay begitu, probably from blend of bagai + itu.

Memang percakapan mereka begitu.

Indeed their conversation was like that.


bersama

From Malay bersama. Equivalent to ber- + sama.


liwat

From Malay liwat (“sodomy”), from Arabic لِوَاط (liwāṭ).


dalem

From Javanese ꦢꦊꦩ꧀ (dalem), from Old Javanese dalem, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm (“inside, deep”), from Proto-Austronesian *daləm. Doublet of dalam.
* The term is associated with the inner part of a royal compound, throughout the Malayo-Javanic cultural area. The reference to “inner” and “inner area” as related to a socially higher status (king, royal residence, and respect) in Malay, Old Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese and Sasak, which appears to be a later innovation related to with Indicized cultural concepts, the development of complex social stratification systems based on increasingly hereditary ranks that extended clan based or tribal relations and ascribed status systems, and the development of economies based on wet rice agriculture.
* The sense of term of address is a semantic loan from Sundanese ᮓᮜᮨᮙ᮪ (dalem). Compare to Javanese ꦢꦊꦩ꧀ (dalem, “a term of address for person of an aristocratic family”).

cog

dated spelling of dalam (“inside, in, within”)


lewat

léwat (canonical)
liwat (alternative nonstandard)

Inherited from Malay lewat, from Proto-Malayic *liwat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaliwat.

(of time) past (any number of minutes after the last hour)


seperti

id-adj

seperti (comparative lebih seperti, superlative paling seperti)

lebih seperti (comparative)
paling seperti (superlative)
spt (alternative abbreviation)

Affixed se- + perti, from Malay seperti, from Sanskrit प्रतिमा (pratimā, “likeliness”) or Sanskrit प्रति (prati, “towards”).


bagai

Inherited from Malay bagai, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bagay (“same kind or type; fitting; well-matched; suitable”).


ketika

From Malay ketika, from Sanskrit घटिक (ghaṭika, “a period of time”).


pakai

Ide mulai mundar mandir di kepala. Mau menulis tak punya mesin ketik. Akhirnya saya tulis pakai pena di atas kertas folio bergaris.

The idea began to go back and forth in the head. I wanted to write but had no typewriter. Finally, I wrote with a pen on lined folio paper.


sebelum

Affixed se- + belum (“not yet”), from Malay sebelum.


menjadi

mênjadi (canonical)
mjd (alternative Internet)

From Malay menjadi, from Classical Malay menjadi. Equivalent to meng- + jadi.


laksana

Inherited from Malay laksana, from Sanskrit लक्षण (lakṣaṇa, “characteristic, trait”).
* The senses of action, doing, performing are semantic loan from Old Javanese lakṣaṇa (“action, doing”), from the same Sanskrit word.


sekitar

Affixed se- + kitar, from Malay sekitar.

sekitar seratus


setelah

From Malay setelah, from Classical Malay setelah (“after”), equivalent to se- + telah.


berkat

Inherited from Malay berkat, from Arabic بَرَكَة (baraka, “blessing”). Semantic loan from Javanese ꦧꦼꦂꦏꦠ꧀ (berkat) for sense
food or something to take home after the feast. Doublet of berkah.


keliling

From Malay keliling, from Classical Malay keliling, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuliliŋ (“round about, around, in one’s surroundings; go around”).


sebesar

Mereka menerima bantuan dana sebesar lima juta.

They received financial assistance of five million.

Kehilangan karcis tanda parkir akan dikenakan biaya administrasi sebesar Rp.20000,-

Losing the parking ticket will incur an administration fee in the amount of 20,000 rupiah

of (used to indicate the number of quantities)


oentoek

(1901–1947) superseded spelling of untuk


di samping itu

Compound of di (“on; in; at”) + samping (“side”) + itu (“that”).


di sisi lain

Compound of di (“on; in; at”) + sisi (“side”) + lain (“other”).


singkatnya

in short (as a summary; as a shortened version of what has been told or what would have been told)


terhadap

têrhadap (canonical)
thd (alternative abbreviation)
thdp (alternative abbreviation)

toward; towards (in relation to someone or something)

in relation to (concerning; in reference to)


contohnya

From contoh + -nya, literally “the example (is)”.


dalam hal

From dalam (“in”) + hal (“matter”), literally “in matters (of)”.

com

Prosesor ini lebih kuat dalam hal kinerja daripada prosesor pesaingnya.

This processor is more powerful in terms of performance than its competing processor.

in relation to; in reference to; in terms of


di atas

From di (“in, on, at”) + atas (“top, up”).

on (at the upper surface of; supported by)


di bawah

From di (“in, on, at”) + bawah (“bottom”).


ke atas

kê atas (canonical)
keatas (alternative misspelling)


diatas

(1947–1972) superseded spelling of di atas


seiring

Seiring pembangunan di perbatasan Malaysia, akses jalan menjadi lebih baik.

Along with the development at the border with Malaysia, road access has improved

Seiring berjalannya waktu, rasa sakit itu perlahan menghilang.

As the time passes on, the pain gradually disappears.

Seiring meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat, lingkungan mulai dijaga dengan lebih baik.

As public awareness increases, the environment is being taken care of better.


menyambung

mênyambung (canonical)
nyambung (alternative colloquial)

in conformance to, in agreement with, persuant to